Method of treating polycystic ovary syndrome
Mazdutide administration effectively treats PCOS by reducing testosterone and improving menstrual cycles, addressing metabolic issues and hyperandrogenism, providing a potential alternative to existing therapies.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/104584
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-06-27
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-02
AI Technical Summary
Current treatments for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are symptomatic and lack a FDA-approved medication, and existing therapies do not effectively address metabolic disorders, hyperandrogenism, and ovulatory issues in PCOS patients.
Administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to individuals with PCOS to reduce serum testosterone, improve menstrual cycle frequency, duration, and regularity, and lower androgen levels.
Mazdutide significantly reduces testosterone levels, increases menstrual cycle frequency and duration, and improves cycle regularity, while also addressing metabolic indicators such as insulin sensitivity and lipid profiles, offering a promising treatment for PCOS.
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Figure PCTCN2025104584-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
METHOD OF TREATING POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROMECROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims priority to International application PCT / CN2024 / 102024, filed on June 27, 2024, the contents of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes. REFERENCE TO AN ELECTRONIC SEQUENCE LISTING
[0002] The contents of the electronic sequence listing (701672000941SEQLIST. xml; Size: 3,300 bytes; and Date of Creation: June 23, 2025) is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.FIELD
[0003] The present disclosure in some aspects relates generally to methods of treating polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) .BACKGROUND
[0004] In recent years, population crisis has become increasingly prominent in many countries, and low fertility has become the main factor affecting the development of the population. High infertility rate among people of childbearing age has become a serious medical and social problem. Polycystic ovary syndrome, or polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive endocrine metabolic disease in women of childbearing age, with a worldwide prevalence of approximately 5-18%. Women with PCOS are typically characterized by oligoovulation or anovulation, clinical and / or biochemical manifestations of hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian changes. In addition, PCOS is often accompanied by a variety of metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and lipid metabolism disorders, which affect long-term health.
[0005] Currently, treatments for women with PCOS are symptomatic, including diet, exercise, and oral contraceptives to improve the menstrual cycle. For PCOS patients who want to have children, ovulation-inducing drug treatment or in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer can be used to obtain pregnancy.SUMMARY
[0006] The present application in one aspect provides a method of treating polycystic ovary syndrome in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0007] The present application in another aspect provides a method of reducing serum testosterone in an individual, comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the individual has polycystic ovary syndrome.
[0008] The present application in another aspect provides a method of improving the frequency, duration, and / or regularity of menstrual cycles in an individual, comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the individual has polycystic ovary syndrome.
[0009] The present application in another aspect provides use of a composition comprising Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in preparing a medicament for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome in an individual.
[0010] The present application in another aspect provides a composition (e.g., a pharmaceutical composition, e.g., a formulation described herein) comprising mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome in an individual.
[0011] The present application in another aspect provides a method of a) reducing free androgen index (FAI) and b) reducing bilateral antral follicle count (bilateral AFC) in an individual in need thereof (e.g., a PCOS patient) , comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the individual has PCOS.
[0012] The present application in another aspect provides a method of a) reducing bilateral AFC and b) reducing Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) in an individual in need thereof (e.g., a PCOS patient) , comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the individual has PCOS.
[0013] The present application in another aspect provides a method of a) reducing free androgen index (FAI) and b) reducing Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) in an individual in need thereof (e.g., a PCOS patient) , comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the individual has PCOS.
[0014] The present application in another aspect provides a method of a) reducing free androgen index (FAI) , b) reducing bilateral AFC and c) reducing Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) in an individual in need thereof (e.g., a PCOS patient) , comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the individual has PCOS.
[0015] In some embodiments according to any of the methods, uses, or compositions described above, the individual is a human.
[0016] In some embodiments according to any of the methods, uses, or compositions described above, the individual is a female. In some embodiments, the female has oligoovulation.
[0017] In some embodiments according to any of the methods, uses, or compositions described above, the individual has a BMI of at least 28 kg / m2.
[0018] In some embodiments according to any of the methods, uses, or compositions described above, the individual has a BMI of less than 28 kg / m2.
[0019] In some embodiments according to any of the methods, uses, or compositions described above, the individual has a BMI of at least 24 kg / m2.
[0020] In some embodiments according to any of the methods, uses, or compositions described above, the individual has a fasting plasma glucose level of at least 6.1 mmol / L.
[0021] In some embodiments according to any of the methods, uses, or compositions described above, the individual has a HbA1c no more than 6.5%.
[0022] In some embodiments according to any of the methods, uses, or compositions described above, the individual is insulin resistant.
[0023] In some embodiments according to any of the methods, uses, or compositions described above, the individual is not insulin resistant.
[0024] In some embodiments according to any of the methods, uses, or compositions described above, the individual does not have diabetes.
[0025] In some embodiments according to any of the methods, uses, or compositions described above, the individual has a diabetes. In some embodiments, the individual has a Type I diabetes. In some embodiments, the individual has a Type II diabetes.
[0026] In some embodiments according to any of the methods, uses, or compositions described above, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a dose of about 2 mg to about 15 mg, about 2 mg to about 12 mg, or about 2 mg to about 10 mg.
[0027] In some embodiments according to any of the methods, uses, or compositions described above, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a dose of about 2 mg to about 6 mg.
[0028] In some embodiments according to any of the methods, uses, or compositions described above, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a dose of about 2 mg, 3 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, or 9 mg.
[0029] In some embodiments according to any of the methods, uses, or compositions described above, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual once per week.
[0030] In some embodiments according to any of the methods, uses, or compositions described above, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual about once weekly for about 4 weeks.
[0031] In some embodiments according to any of the methods, uses, or compositions described above, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual about once weekly for about 8, 12, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46 or 48 weeks.
[0032] In some embodiments according to any of the methods, uses, or compositions described above, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual at a dose of about 2 mg once weekly for 4 weeks followed by being administered at a dose of 4 mg once weekly for at least about 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40 or 44 weeks.
[0033] In some embodiments according to any of the methods, uses, or compositions described above, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual at a dose of about 2 mg once weekly for 4 weeks, followed by being administered at a dose of 4 mg once weekly for 4 weeks, and further followed by being administered at a dose of 6 mg once weekly for at least about 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, or 40 weeks.
[0034] In some embodiments according to any of the methods, uses, or compositions described above, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual at a dose of about 3 mg once weekly for 4 weeks followed by being administered at a dose of 6 mg once weekly for at least about 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40 or 44 weeks.
[0035] In some embodiments according to any of the methods, uses, or compositions described above, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual at a dose of about 3 mg once weekly for 4 weeks, followed by being administered at a dose of 6 mg once weekly for 4 weeks, and further followed by being administered at a dose of 9 mg once weekly for at least about 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, or 40 weeks.
[0036] In some embodiments according to any of the methods, uses, or compositions described above, the method further comprises administering a second agent or therapy. In some embodiments, the second agent or therapy comprises metformin. In some embodiments, the second agent or therapy comprises a Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor. In some embodiments, the SGLT2 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, canagliflozin, ertugliflozin, sotagliflozin, ipragliflozin, tofogliflozin, luseogliflozin, bexagliflozin, and remogloflozin.
[0037] In some embodiments according to any of the methods, uses, or compositions described above, the individual has a reduced level of at least one androgen (e.g., testosterone) after treatment relative to the androgen level prior to treatment (e.g., referred to a baseline level in the present application) . In some embodiments, the androgen is testosterone. In some embodiments, the androgen is androstenedione. In some embodiments, the androgen level is reduced by at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50%. In some embodiments, the level of androgen is reduced by at least about 10%to about 15 % (e.g., by about 12%to about 14%) after treatment. In some embodiments, treatment comprises administering or the administration of Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for at least 24 weeks (e.g., at a dose of 2 mg for 4 weeks followed by at a dose of 4 mg weekly for four weeks and followed by at a dose of 6 mg weekly for at least about or about 16 weeks) .
[0038]
[0039] In some embodiments according to any of the methods, uses, or compositions described above, the individual has an improved frequency of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the frequency of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the number of menstrual cycles each year is increased at least by 8%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 100%. In some embodiments, the number of menstrual cycles each year is increased at least by once, twice, three times, four times, five times, or six times. In some embodiments, treatment comprises administering or the administration of Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for at least 24 weeks (e.g., at a dose of 2 mg for 4 weeks followed by at a dose of 4 mg weekly for four weeks and followed by at a dose of 6 mg weekly for at least about or about 16 weeks) .
[0040] In some embodiments according to any of the methods, uses, or compositions described above, the individual has an improved duration of menstrual cycles (e.g., duration increased by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%or 60%) after treatment relative to the duration of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the amount of Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered is effective in increasing the duration of menstrual cycles to a value of no less than about any of 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, or 10 days. In some embodiments, treatment comprises administering or the administration of Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for at least 24 weeks (e.g., at a dose of 2 mg for 4 weeks followed by at a dose of 4 mg weekly for four weeks and followed by at a dose of 6 mg weekly for at least about or about 16 weeks) .
[0041] In some embodiments according to any of the methods, uses, or compositions described above, the individual has an improved regularity of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the regularity of menstrual cycles prior to treatment.
[0042] In some embodiments according to any of methods, uses, or compositions described herein, the individual has a reduced (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) bilateral antral follicle count (bilateral AFC) after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to bilateral antral follicle count prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the amount of Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered is effective in reducing (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%or 60%, e.g., by about 10%to about 20 %, e.g., by about 15%to about 18%) bilateral AFC in the individual (e.g., after 24 weeks of treatment) . In some embodiments, treatment comprises administering or the administration of Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for at least 24 weeks (e.g., at a dose of 2 mg for 4 weeks followed by at a dose of 4 mg weekly for four weeks and followed by at a dose of 6 mg weekly for at least about or about 16 weeks) .
[0043] In some embodiments according to any of methods, uses, or compositions described herein, the individual has a reduced (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) AMH after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to AMH prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the amount of Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered is effective in reducing (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%or 60%, e.g., by about 12%to about 18 %, e.g., by about 13%to about 16%) AMH in the individual (e.g., after 24 weeks of treatment) . In some embodiments, treatment comprises administering or the administration of Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for at least 24 weeks (e.g., at a dose of 2 mg for 4 weeks followed by at a dose of 4 mg weekly for four weeks and followed by at a dose of 6 mg weekly for at least about or about 16 weeks) .
[0044] In some embodiments according to any of methods, uses, or compositions described herein, the individual has an increased (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) SHBG after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to SHBG prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the amount of Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered is effective in incrasing (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%or 60%, e.g., by about 15%to about 30 %, e.g., by about 20%to about 25%) SHBG in the individual (e.g., after 24 weeks of treatment) . In some embodiments, treatment comprises administering or the administration of Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for at least 24 weeks (e.g., at a dose of 2 mg for 4 weeks followed by at a dose of 4 mg weekly for four weeks and followed by at a dose of 6 mg weekly for at least about or about 16 weeks) .
[0045] In some embodiments according to any of methods, uses, or compositions described herein, the individual has a reduced (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) HOMA-β after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to HOMA-βprior to treatment. In some embodiments, the amount of Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered is effective in reducing (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%or 60%, e.g., by about 20%to about 35 %, e.g., by about 25%to about 30%) HOMA-β in the individual (e.g., after 24 weeks of treatment) . In some embodiments, treatment comprises administering or the administration of Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for at least 24 weeks (e.g., at a dose of 2 mg for 4 weeks followed by at a dose of 4 mg weekly for four weeks and followed by at a dose of 6 mg weekly for at least about or about 16 weeks) .
[0046] In some embodiments according to any of methods, uses, or compositions described herein, the individual has a reduced (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) HOMA-IR after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to HOMA-IR prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the amount of Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered is effective in reducing (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%or 60%, e.g., by about 40%to about 60 %, e.g., by about 50%to about 60%) HOMA-IR in the individual (e.g., after 24 weeks of treatment) . In some embodiments, treatment comprises administering or the administration of Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for at least 24 weeks (e.g., at a dose of 2 mg for 4 weeks followed by at a dose of 4 mg weekly for four weeks and followed by at a dose of 6 mg weekly for at least about or about 16 weeks) .
[0047]
[0048] In some embodiments according to any of methods, uses, or compositions described herein, the individual has a) a baseline body weight of at least any of about 80 kg, or 90 kg, b) a baseline BMI of about 30-36 kg / m2, and / or c) a baseline HbA1c of no more than any of about 6.5%, 6.2%, 6%, 5.8%or 5.6 %. In some embodiments, the individual comprises a plurality of individuals, and the plurality of individuals have a) an average body weight of at least any of about 80 kg, or 90 kg, b) an average baseline BMI of about 30-36 kg / m2, and / or c) an average baseline HbA1c of no more than any of about 6.5%, 6.2%, 6%, 5.8%or 5.6 %. In some embodiments, “average baseline” described herein with regard to various measurements refers to the mean average baseline. In some embodiments, “average baseline” described herein with regard to various measurements refers to the median average baseline.
[0049] In some embodiments according to any of methods, uses, or compositions described herein, the individual is about 18-40 years old. In some embodiments, the individual is a female who is 18-40 years old. In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI ≥ 28 kg / m2 .
[0050] In some embodiments according to any of methods, uses, or compositions described herein, the individual meets at least 2 of the 2023 international PCOS diagnostic criteria. The 2023 international PCOS diagnostic criteria include: 1) the subject has an irregular menstruation, comprising a) the subject has irregular menstruation from one year after menarche to three years after menarche, wherein irregular menstruation in this period (i.e., >1 to <3 years post menarche) is a cycle that is less than 21 days or greater than 45 days; b) the subject has irregular menstruation after 3 years post menarche and before perimenopause, wherein the irregular menstruation in this period (i.e., >3 years post menarche to perimenopause) is i) a cycle less than 21 days or greater than 35 days or ii) the subject having less than 8 cycles in a year; and c) the subject a cycle that is greater than 90 days one year after menarche: any cycle is greater than 90 days; 2) the subject has at least 20 antral follicles at least one side, and 3) the subject has a biochemical hyperandrogenism (e.g., total testosterone > 1.67 mmol / L) or clinical hyperandrogenism (e.g., modified Ferriman-Galwey (mF-G) > 4) . In some embodiments, the antral follicle has a diameter < 10 mm.
[0051] In some embodiments according to any of methods, uses, or compositions described herein, the subject has a free androgen index (FAI) baseline of about 6 to about 16. In some embodiments, the subject has a free androgen index (FAI) baseline of about 7 to about 16, about 8 to about 16, about 9 to about 16, or about 10 to about 16. In some embodiments, the subject has a free androgen index (FAI) baseline of about 2 to about 35 or about 5 to about 35. In some embodiments, the subject has a Bilateral antral follicle count of at least 20, 25, 30, 35, or 40 or 45. In some embodiments, the subject has a Bilateral antral follicle count of about 20-40, 20-45, 20-50, 20-55, 20-60, 20-70 or 20-80. In some embodiments, the subject has a Bilateral antral follicle count of about 27 to about 78. In some embodiments, the subject has a Bilateral antral follicle count of about 37 to about 64. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline AMH of about 6-12 ng / ml. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline AMH of about 3-20 ng / ml. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline AMH of about 5-13 ng / ml. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline SHBG of about 20 to 50 nmol / L, about 20 to 40 nmol / L, or about 20-30 nmol / L. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline SHBG of about 8 nmol / L to about 70 nmol / L. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline SHBG of about 8 nmol / L to about 50 nmol / L. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline HOMA-β of at least any of about 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, or 450. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline HOMA-βof about 60 to about 750. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline HOMA-β of about 190 to about 750. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline HOMA-IR of at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline HOMA-IR of about 1 to about 20. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline HOMA-IR of about 5 to about 20. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline body weight of at least about 70 kg, 75 kg, 80 kg, 85 kg, or 90 kg. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline body weight of 70 kg to 110 kg. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline body weight of 80 kg to 110 kg. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 25 kg / m2, 26 kg / m2, 27 kg / m2, 28 kg / m2, 29 kg / m2, 30 kg / m2, 31 kg / m2, 32 kg / m2, 33 kg / m2, or 34 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of about 29 kg / m2 to about 39 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of about 32 kg / m2 to about 37 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline HbA1c of no more than about any of 6.5%, 6.4%, 6.3%, 6.2%, or 6.1%. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline HbA1c of about 5.1%to about 6.1%.
[0052] In some embodiments according to any of methods, uses, or compositions described herein, the method described herein comprises treating PCOS in a plurality of subjects. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have an average baseline FAI of at least any of 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have a baseline FAI of about 2 to about 35. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have a baseline FAI of about 5 to about 35. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have an average baseline Bilateral antral follicle count of at least any of about 20, 25, 30, 35, or 40 or 45. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have a baseline Bilateral antral follicle count of at least about 20 to about 80. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have a baseline Bilateral antral follicle count of at least about 27 to about 78. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have a baseline Bilateral antral follicle count of at least about 37 to about 64. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have an average baseline AMH of about 6-12 ng / ml. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have a baseline AMH of about 5ng / ml to about 13 ng / ml. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have a baseline AMH of about 3 ng / ml to about 20 ng / ml. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have an average baseline SHBG of about 20-50 ng / mL, about 20 to 40 nmol / L, or about 20-30 nmol / L. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have a baseline SHBG of about 8-70 nmol / L. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have a baseline SHBG of about 8-50 nmol / L. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have an average baseline HOMA-β of at least 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, or 450. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have a baseline HOMA-β of about 60 to about 750. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have a baseline HOMA-β of about 190 to about 750. In some embodiments, the plurality of subjects have an average baseline HOMA-IR of at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12.. In some embodiments, the plurality of subjects have a baseline HOMA-IR of about 1 to 20. In some embodiments, the plurality of subjects have a baseline HOMA-IR of about 5 to 20. In some embodiments, the plurality of subjects have an average baseline body weight of at least about 70 kg, 75 kg, 80 kg, 85 kg, or 90 kg. In some embodiments, the plurality of subjects have a baseline body weight of about 70 kg to about 110 kg. In some embodiments, the plurality of subjects have a baseline body weight of about 80 kg to about 105 kg. In some embodiments, the plurality of subjects have a baseline BMI of at least about 25 kg / m2, 26 kg / m2, 27 kg / m2, 28 kg / m2, 29 kg / m2, 30 kg / m2, 31 kg / m2, 32 kg / m2, 33 kg / m2, or 34 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the plurality of subjects have an average baseline of no more than about any of 5.8%, 5.7%, or 5.6%. In some embodiments, the plurality of subjects have a baseline of 5.1%to about 6.1%.
[0053] In some embodiments according to any of methods, uses, or compositions described herein, the subject does not have a severe hypertriglyceridemia (e.g., TG greater than 5mmol / L) .
[0054] In some embodiments according to any of methods, uses, or compositions described herein, the subject does not have diabetes. In some embodiments, the subject does not have type 1 and / or type 2 diabetes.
[0055] In some embodiments according to any of methods, uses, or compositions described herein, the subject does not have an endocrine disease that causes or can cause polycystic ovary changes. In some embodiments, the endocrine disease does not have any one or more of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (e.g., 21-hydroxylase deficiency) , prolactinoma, and / or Cushing's syndrome.
[0056] These and other aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the subsequent detailed description and the appended claims. It is to be understood that one, some, or all of the properties of the various embodiments described herein may be combined to form other embodiments of the present invention.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0057] The drawings illustrate certain embodiments of the features and advantages of this disclosure. These embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the appended claims in any manner.
[0058] FIG. 1 shows the percentage change of testosterone level from baseline, in subjects treated with Mazdutide 4.0 mg, Mazdutide 6.0 mg, and placebo.
[0059] FIG. 2 shows that the mice body weight change during PCOS model development comparing with mice in blank group.
[0060] FIG. 3 shows the serum testosterone levels of mice in model group compared with mice in blank group
[0061] FIG. 4 shows estrous cycle disruption in PCOS mice compared with mice in blank group (x-axis: estrous cycle, y-axis: day) .
[0062] FIG. 5 shows the body weight change in all groups after treatment.
[0063] FIG. 6 shows serum testosterone changes in all groups after treatment.
[0064] FIG. 7 shows individual mice estrous cycle changes in each group after treatment.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0065] The following description is presented to enable a person of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the various embodiments. Descriptions of specific devices, techniques, and applications are provided only as examples. Various modifications to the examples described herein will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other examples and applications without departing from the spirit and scope of the various embodiments. Thus, the various embodiments are not intended to be limited to the examples described herein and shown, but are to be accorded the scope consistent with the claims.
[0066] In one aspect, provided herein is a method of treating (i) polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and / or (ii) reducing serum testosterone and / or (iii) improving the frequency, duration, and / or regularity of menstrual cycles in an individual, comprising administering to the individual Mazdutide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The present invention is based, at least in part, on the surprising discovery that the methods described herein (i) show high efficacy in reducing testosterone levels; (ii) improve frequency, duration, and / or regularity of menstrual cycles; (iii) improve other indicators of PCOS such as blood pressure, blood lipids, blood uric acid, transaminases, and insulin sensitivity; and (iv) are effective and safe in treating PCOS. For example, according to the data shown in Example 1, the inventors found that the PCOS patients treated with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutical salt thereof exhibited improved frequency, duration, and / or regularity of menstrual cycles. Therefore, the methods provided herein offer promising approaches for PCOS treatment and long-term life quality management in individuals having PCOS or high testosterone levels. I. Definition
[0067] As used in the present specification, the following words and phrases are generally intended to have the meanings as set forth below, except to the extent that the context in which they are used indicates otherwise.
[0068] The term “about” indicates and encompasses an indicated value and a range above and below that value. In certain embodiments, the term “about” indicates the designated value ±10%, ± 5%, or ± 1%. In certain embodiments, the term “about” indicates the designated value ±one standard deviation of that value.
[0069] The singular forms “a” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, e.g., reference to “the compound” includes a plurality of such compounds and reference to “the assay” includes reference to one or more compounds and equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art.
[0070] The terms “patient, ” “subject, ” “individual, ” and the like are used interchangeably herein, and refer to any animal, in some embodiments a mammal, and in some embodiments, a human, having a complement system, including a human in need of therapy for, or susceptible to, a condition or its sequelae. The individual may include, for example, dogs, cats, pigs, cows, sheep, goats, horses, rats, rabbits, hamsters, guinea pigs, monkeys, mice, and humans. In some embodiments, the individual is a human.
[0071] As used herein, “treatment” or “treating” is an approach for obtaining a beneficial or desired result, such as a clinical result. For purposes of this disclosure, beneficial or desired results include, but are not limited to, alleviation of a symptom and / or diminishment of the extent of a symptom and / or preventing a worsening of a symptom associated with a disease or condition. In one variation, beneficial or desired clinical results include, but are not limited to, alleviation of a symptom and / or diminishment of the extent of a symptom and / or preventing a worsening of a symptom associated with a disease described herein. Preferably, treatment of a disease or condition with a compound of the disclosure (i.e., Mazdutide) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, is accompanied by no or fewer side effects than are associated with currently available therapies for the disease or condition and / or improves the quality of life of the individual.
[0072] The terms “effective amount” and “pharmaceutically effective amount” refer to a sufficient amount of an agent to provide the desired biological result. That result can be reduction (e.g., reducing at least about any of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%) and / or alleviation of the signs, symptoms, or causes of a disease or disorder, or any other desired alteration of a biological system.
[0073] As used herein, by “pharmaceutically acceptable” or “pharmacologically acceptable” is meant a material that is not biologically or otherwise undesirable, e.g., the material may be incorporated into a pharmaceutical composition administered to a patient without causing any significant undesirable biological effects or interacting in a deleterious manner with any of the other components of the composition in which it is contained.
[0074] It is understood that aspects and embodiments described herein as “comprising” include “consisting of” and “consisting essentially of” embodiments.
[0075] Certain compounds disclosed herein contain one or more ionizable groups (groups from which a proton can be removed (e.g., -COOH) or added (e.g., amines) or which can be quaternized (e.g., amines) ) . All possible ionic forms of such molecules and salts thereof are intended to be included individually in the disclosure herein. With regard to salts of the compounds described herein, one of ordinary skill in the art can select from among a wide variety of available counterions those that are appropriate. In specific applications, the selection of a given anion or cation for preparation of a salt may result in increased or decreased solubility of that salt. II. Method of Treating Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
[0076] The present application in one aspect provides methods of treating polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) . Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder that impacts many women of the reproductive age worldwide. This syndrome is often associated with enlarged and dysfunctional ovaries, excess androgen levels, resistance to insulin, etc.
[0077] Although the high ratio of luteinizing hormone (LH) to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and increased frequency of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is known as the underlying causes of PCOS, the exact etiology and pathology have not been comprehensively well-known. Evidence suggests the role of different external and internal factors, including insulin resistance (IR) , hyperandrogenism (HA) , environmental factors, genetic, and epigenetics. Physicians tend to use (combined) oral contraceptives, antiandrogen agents, insulin sensitizers, and ovulation inducers. Up until today, there is no United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) approved medication specifically for PCOS, and all mentioned medications are used off-label. See e.g., Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jan; 23 (2) : 583.
[0078] In some embodiments, an individual is diagnosed with PCOS when they meet two of the following criteria: 1) irregular or infrequent ovulation, which is usually indicated by an irregular menstrual cycle or a lack of a cycle; 2) signs of increased androgen levels or a blood test confirming one have increased levels, or signs of high androgens, such as having excess body or facial hair; 3) multiple small cysts on the ovaries. See e.g., Am Fam Physician. 2016; 94 (2) : 106-113. See e.g., Womens Health (Lond) . 2022 Jan-Dec: 18: 17455057221117966.
[0079] In some embodiments, an individual is diagnosed with PCOS under National Institute of Health (NIH) criteria established in 1990. In some embodiments, an individual is diagnosed with PCOS when they meet two criteria: (a) signs of hyperandrogenism (clinical or biochemical) and (b) oligo-anovulation or oligomenorrhea. See e.g., Womens Health (Lond) . 2022 Jan-Dec: 18: 17455057221117966.
[0080] In some embodiments, an individual is diagnosed with PCOS under Rotterdam criteria. In some embodiments, an individual is diagnosed with PCOS when they meet three criteria: (a) signs of hyperandrogenism (e.g., clinical or biochemical) , (b) oligo-anovulation or oligomenorrhea, and (c) polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) (e.g., upon ultra-sonogram imaging) . Under this criteria, four different phenotypes from A to D can be further classified: Phenotype A-Hyperandrogenism and Ovulatory Dysfunction and PCOM; Phenotype B-Hyperandrogenism and Ovulatory Dysfunction; Phenotype C-Hyperandrogenism and PCOM; Phenotype D-Ovulatory Dysfunction and PCOM. See e.g., Womens Health (Lond) . 2022 Jan-Dec: 18: 17455057221117966.
[0081] In some embodiments, an individual is diagnosed with PCOS under AE-PCOS criteria. In some embodiments, an individual is diagnosed with PCOS when they meet (a) signs of hyperandrogenism (e.g., clinical or biochemical) , and at least one of (b) oligo-anovulation or oligomenorrhea, and (c) polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) (e.g., upon ultra-sonogram imaging) . See e.g., Womens Health (Lond) . 2022 Jan-Dec: 18: 17455057221117966.
[0082] In some aspects, provided herein is a method of treating polycystic ovary syndrome in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0083] In some aspects, provided herein is a method of reducing serum testosterone in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the individual is a male. In some embodiments, the individual is a female. In some embodiments, the individual has polycystic ovary syndrome.
[0084] In some aspects, provided herein is a method of improving the frequency, duration, and / or regularity of menstrual cycles in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the individual has polycystic ovary syndrome.
[0085] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of improving ovarian morphology. In some embodiments, the amount of Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered is effective in decreasing (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or 100%) ovarian volume in the individual. Hence in some embodiments, provided herein is a method of improving ovarian morphology (e.g., decreasing ovarian volume) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the individual has PCOS. In some embodiments, the individual has obesity.
[0086] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of improving pregnancy rate (e.g., natural pregnancy rate) or fertility. In some embodiments, the amount of Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered is effective in increasing (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 100%, 200%, 300%, 400%, or 500%) (i) the likelihood of pregnancy (e.g., natural pregnancy) , and / or (ii) fertility, and / or (iii) fertilization pregnancy rate in the individual. Hence in some embodiments, provided herein is a method of improving (i) the likelihood of pregnancy (e.g., natural pregnancy) , and / or (ii) fertility, and / or (iii) fertilization pregnancy rate in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the individual has PCOS. In some embodiments, the individual has obesity.
[0087] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of improving cardiometabolic parameters in women with PCOS and obesity comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0088] In some embodiments, the present application provides method of treating polycystic ovary syndrome in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a dose of about 2 mg to about 15 mg, about 2 mg to about 12 mg, or about 2 mg to about 10 mg. In some embodiments, the individual is a human. In some embodiments, the individual is a female. In some embodiments, the female has oligoovulation. In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI of at least 28 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI of less than 28 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI of at least 24 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the individual has a fasting plasma glucose level of at least 6.1 mmol / L. In some embodiments, the individual has a HbA1c no more than 6.5%. In some embodiments, the individual is insulin resistant. In some embodiments, the individual is not insulin resistant. In some embodiments, the individual does not have diabetes. In some embodiments, the individual has a diabetes. In some embodiments, the individual has a Type I diabetes. In some embodiments, the individual has a Type II diabetes. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual once per week. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual about once weekly for about 4 weeks (e.g., about once weekly for about 8, 12, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46 or 48 weeks) . In some embodiments, the method further comprises administering a second agent or therapy. the second agent or therapy comprises metformin. In some embodiments, the second agent or therapy comprises a Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor. In some embodiments, the SGLT2 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, canagliflozin, ertugliflozin, sotagliflozin, ipragliflozin, tofogliflozin, luseogliflozin, bexagliflozin, and remogloflozin. In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced androgen level after treatment relative to the androgen level prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the androgen is testosterone. In some embodiments, the androgen level is reduced by at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50%. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved frequency of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the frequency of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved duration of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the duration of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved regularity of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the regularity of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is in a formulation comprising 4 mg / ml, 6mg / ml, 8 mg / ml, or 12 mg / ml Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0089] In some embodiments, the present application provides method of treating polycystic ovary syndrome in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a dose of about 2 mg to about 6 mg. In some embodiments, the individual is a human. In some embodiments, the individual is a female. In some embodiments, the female has oligoovulation. In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI of at least 28 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI of less than 28 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI of at least 24 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the individual has a fasting plasma glucose level of at least 6.1 mmol / L. In some embodiments, the individual has a HbA1c no more than 6.5%. In some embodiments, the individual is insulin resistant. In some embodiments, the individual is not insulin resistant. In some embodiments, the individual does not have diabetes. In some embodiments, the individual has a diabetes. In some embodiments, the individual has a Type I diabetes. In some embodiments, the individual has a Type II diabetes. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual once per week. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual about once weekly for about 4 weeks (e.g., about once weekly for about 8, 12, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46 or 48 weeks) . In some embodiments, Mazdutide is administered at a dose (e.g., escalation dose) of about 2 mg weekly for about or at least about four weeks, followed by a dose (e.g., maintenance dose) of about 4 mg weekly for about or at least about one, two, three, four, six, eight, ten, twelve, sixteen, twenty, twenty-four, twenty-eight, thirty-two, thirty-six, forty, forty-four, forty-eight, or fifty-two weeks. In some embodiments, Mazdutide is administered at a dose (e.g., first escalation dose) of about 2 mg weekly for about or at least about four weeks, followed by a dose (e.g., second escalation dose) of about 4 mg weekly for about or at least about four weeks, further followed by a dose (e.g., maintenance dose) of about 6 mg weekly for at least about one, two, three, four, six, eight, ten, twelve, sixteen, twenty, twenty-four, twenty-eight, thirty-two, thirty-six, forty, forty-four, forty-eight, or fifty-two weeks. In some embodiments, the method further comprises administering a second agent or therapy. the second agent or therapy comprises metformin. In some embodiments, the second agent or therapy comprises a Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor. In some embodiments, the SGLT2 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, canagliflozin, ertugliflozin, sotagliflozin, ipragliflozin, tofogliflozin, luseogliflozin, bexagliflozin, and remogloflozin. In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced androgen level after treatment relative to the androgen level prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the androgen is testosterone. In some embodiments, the androgen level is reduced by at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50%. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved frequency of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the frequency of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved duration of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the duration of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved regularity of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the regularity of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is in a formulation comprising 4 mg / ml, 6mg / ml, 8 mg / ml, or 12 mg / ml Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0090] In some embodiments, the present application provides method of treating polycystic ovary syndrome in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a dose of about 3 mg to about 9 mg. In some embodiments, the individual is a human. In some embodiments, the individual is a female. In some embodiments, the female has oligoovulation. In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI of at least 28 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI of less than 28 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI of at least 24 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the individual has a fasting plasma glucose level of at least 6.1 mmol / L. In some embodiments, the individual has a HbA1c no more than 6.5%. In some embodiments, the individual is insulin resistant. In some embodiments, the individual is not insulin resistant. In some embodiments, the individual does not have diabetes. In some embodiments, the individual has a diabetes. In some embodiments, the individual has a Type I diabetes. In some embodiments, the individual has a Type II diabetes. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual once per week. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual about once weekly for about 4 weeks (e.g., about once weekly for about 8, 12, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46 or 48 weeks) . In some embodiments, Mazdutide is administered at a dose (e.g., escalation dose) of about 3 mg weekly for about or at least about four weeks, followed by a dose (e.g., maintenance dose) of about 6 mg weekly for about or at least about one, two, three, four, six, eight, ten, twelve, sixteen, twenty, twenty-four, twenty-eight, thirty-two, thirty-six, forty, forty-four, forty-eight, or fifty-two weeks. In some embodiments, Mazdutide is administered at a dose (e.g., first escalation dose) of about 3 mg weekly for about or at least about four weeks, followed by a dose (e.g., second escalation dose) of about 6 mg weekly for about or at least about four weeks, further followed by a dose (e.g., maintenance dose) of about 9 mg weekly for at least about one, two, three, four, six, eight, ten, twelve, sixteen, twenty, twenty-four, twenty-eight, thirty-two, thirty-six, forty, forty-four, forty-eight, or fifty-two weeks. In some embodiments, the method further comprises administering a second agent or therapy. the second agent or therapy comprises metformin. In some embodiments, the second agent or therapy comprises a Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor. In some embodiments, the SGLT2 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, canagliflozin, ertugliflozin, sotagliflozin, ipragliflozin, tofogliflozin, luseogliflozin, bexagliflozin, and remogloflozin. In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced androgen level after treatment relative to the androgen level prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the androgen is testosterone. In some embodiments, the androgen level is reduced by at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50%. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved frequency of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the frequency of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved duration of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the duration of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved regularity of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the regularity of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is in a formulation comprising 4 mg / ml, 6mg / ml, 8 mg / ml, or 12 mg / ml Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0091] In some embodiments, the present application provides method of treating polycystic ovary syndrome in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual at a dose (e.g., an escalation dose) of about 2 mg once weekly for 4 weeks followed by being administered at a dose (e.g., a maintenance dose) of 4 mg once weekly for at least about 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40 or 44 weeks. In some embodiments, the individual is a human. In some embodiments, the individual is a female. In some embodiments, the female has oligoovulation. In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI of at least 28 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI of less than 28 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI of at least 24 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the individual has a fasting plasma glucose level of at least 6.1 mmol / L. In some embodiments, the individual has a HbA1c no more than 6.5%. In some embodiments, the individual is insulin resistant. In some embodiments, the individual is not insulin resistant. In some embodiments, the individual does not have diabetes. In some embodiments, the individual has a diabetes. In some embodiments, the individual has a Type I diabetes. In some embodiments, the individual has a Type II diabetes. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual once per week. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual about once weekly for about 4 weeks (e.g., about once weekly for about 8, 12, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46 or 48 weeks) . In some embodiments, the method further comprises administering a second agent or therapy. the second agent or therapy comprises metformin. In some embodiments, the second agent or therapy comprises a Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor. In some embodiments, the SGLT2 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, canagliflozin, ertugliflozin, sotagliflozin, ipragliflozin, tofogliflozin, luseogliflozin, bexagliflozin, and remogloflozin. In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced androgen level after treatment relative to the androgen level prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the androgen is testosterone. In some embodiments, the androgen level is reduced by at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50%. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved frequency of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the frequency of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved duration of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the duration of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved regularity of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the regularity of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is in a formulation comprising 4 mg / ml, 6mg / ml, 8 mg / ml, or 12 mg / ml Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0092] In some embodiments, the present application provides method of treating polycystic ovary syndrome in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual at a dose (e.g., an escalation dose) of about 2 mg once weekly for 4 weeks, followed by being administered at a dose (e.g., a second escalation dose) of 4 mg once weekly for 4 weeks, and further followed by being administered at a dose (e.g., a maintenance dose) of 6 mg once weekly for at least about 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, or 40 weeks. In some embodiments, the individual is a human. In some embodiments, the individual is a female. In some embodiments, the female has oligoovulation. In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI of at least 28 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI of less than 28 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI of at least 24 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the individual has a fasting plasma glucose level of at least 6.1 mmol / L. In some embodiments, the individual has a HbA1c no more than 6.5%. In some embodiments, the individual is insulin resistant. In some embodiments, the individual is not insulin resistant. In some embodiments, the individual does not have diabetes. In some embodiments, the individual has a diabetes. In some embodiments, the individual has a Type I diabetes. In some embodiments, the individual has a Type II diabetes. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual once per week. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual about once weekly for about 4 weeks (e.g., about once weekly for about 8, 12, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46 or 48 weeks) . In some embodiments, the method further comprises administering a second agent or therapy. the second agent or therapy comprises metformin. In some embodiments, the second agent or therapy comprises a Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor. In some embodiments, the SGLT2 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, canagliflozin, ertugliflozin, sotagliflozin, ipragliflozin, tofogliflozin, luseogliflozin, bexagliflozin, and remogloflozin. In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced androgen level after treatment relative to the androgen level prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the androgen is testosterone. In some embodiments, the androgen level is reduced by at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50%. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved frequency of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the frequency of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved duration of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the duration of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved regularity of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the regularity of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is in a formulation comprising 4 mg / ml, 6mg / ml, 8 mg / ml, or 12 mg / ml Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0093] In some embodiments, the present application provides method of treating polycystic ovary syndrome in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual at a dose (e.g., an escalation dose) of about 3 mg once weekly for 4 weeks followed by being administered at a dose (e.g., a maintenance dose) of 6 mg once weekly for at least about 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40 or 44 weeks. In some embodiments, the individual is a human. In some embodiments, the individual is a female. In some embodiments, the female has oligoovulation. In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI of at least 28 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI of less than 28 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI of at least 24 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the individual has a fasting plasma glucose level of at least 6.1 mmol / L. In some embodiments, the individual has a HbA1c no more than 6.5%. In some embodiments, the individual is insulin resistant. In some embodiments, the individual is not insulin resistant. In some embodiments, the individual does not have diabetes. In some embodiments, the individual has a diabetes. In some embodiments, the individual has a Type I diabetes. In some embodiments, the individual has a Type II diabetes. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual once per week. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual about once weekly for about 4 weeks (e.g., about once weekly for about 8, 12, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46 or 48 weeks) . In some embodiments, the method further comprises administering a second agent or therapy. the second agent or therapy comprises metformin. In some embodiments, the second agent or therapy comprises a Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor. In some embodiments, the SGLT2 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, canagliflozin, ertugliflozin, sotagliflozin, ipragliflozin, tofogliflozin, luseogliflozin, bexagliflozin, and remogloflozin. In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced androgen level after treatment relative to the androgen level prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the androgen is testosterone. In some embodiments, the androgen level is reduced by at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50%. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved frequency of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the frequency of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved duration of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the duration of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved regularity of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the regularity of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is in a formulation comprising 4 mg / ml, 6mg / ml, 8 mg / ml, or 12 mg / ml Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0094] In some embodiments, the present application provides method of treating polycystic ovary syndrome in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual at a dose (e.g., an escalation dose) of about 3 mg once weekly for 4 weeks, followed by being administered at a dose (e.g., a second escalation dose) of 6 mg once weekly for 4 weeks, and further followed by being administered at a dose (e.g., a maintenance dose) of 9 mg once weekly for at least about 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, or 40 weeks. In some embodiments, the individual is a human. In some embodiments, the individual is a female. In some embodiments, the female has oligoovulation. In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI of at least 28 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI of less than 28 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI of at least 24 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the individual has a fasting plasma glucose level of at least 6.1 mmol / L. In some embodiments, the individual has a HbA1c no more than 6.5%. In some embodiments, the individual is insulin resistant. In some embodiments, the individual is not insulin resistant. In some embodiments, the individual does not have diabetes. In some embodiments, the individual has a diabetes. In some embodiments, the individual has a Type I diabetes. In some embodiments, the individual has a Type II diabetes. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual once per week. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual about once weekly for about 4 weeks (e.g., about once weekly for about 8, 12, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46 or 48 weeks) . In some embodiments, the method further comprises administering a second agent or therapy. the second agent or therapy comprises metformin. In some embodiments, the second agent or therapy comprises a Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor. In some embodiments, the SGLT2 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, canagliflozin, ertugliflozin, sotagliflozin, ipragliflozin, tofogliflozin, luseogliflozin, bexagliflozin, and remogloflozin. In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced androgen level after treatment relative to the androgen level prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the androgen is testosterone. In some embodiments, the androgen level is reduced by at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50%. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved frequency of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the frequency of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved duration of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the duration of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved regularity of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the regularity of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is in a formulation comprising 4 mg / ml, 6mg / ml, 8 mg / ml, or 12 mg / ml Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0095] In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) androgen level after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks) relative to the androgen level prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the amount of Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered is effective in reducing (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%or 60%, e.g., by about 10%to about 15 %, e.g., by about 12%to about 14%) androgen in the individual (e.g., after 24 weeks of treatment) . In some embodiments, the method comprises administering Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for at least 24 weeks (e.g., at a dose of 2 mg for 4 weeks followed by at a dose of 4 mg weekly for four weeks and followed by at a dose of 6 mg weekly for at least about or about 16 weeks) . Hence in some embodiments, provided herein is a method of reducing androgen level in an individual in need thereof (e.g., a PCOS patient) , , comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the androgen is testosterone. In some embodiments, the androgen level (e.g., testosterone level) is blood concentration. In some embodiments, the androgen level (e.g., testosterone level) is serum concentration. In some embodiments, the androgen level (e.g., testosterone level) may be determined by any method known in the art, such as via blood testing. In some embodiments, the individual has a) a baseline body weight of at least any of about 80 kg, or 90 kg, b) a baseline BMI of about 30-36 kg / m2, and / or c) a baseline HbA1c of no more than any of about 6.5%, 6.2%, 6%, 5.8%or 5.6 %. In some embodiments, the individual comprises a plurality of individuals, and the plurality of individuals have a) an average body weight of at least any of about 80 kg, or 90 kg, b) an average baseline BMI of about 30-36 kg / m2, and / or c) an average baseline HbA1c of no more than any of about 6.5%, 6.2%, 6%, 5.8%or 5.6 %. In some embodiments, “average baseline” described herein with regard to various measurements refers to the median average baseline. In some embodiments, “average baseline” described herein with regard to various measurements refers to the mean average baseline.
[0096] In some embodiments, the individual has an improved frequency of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the frequency of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the number of menstrual cycles each year is increased at least by 8%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 100%. In some embodiments, the number of menstrual cycles each year is increased at least by once, twice, three times, four times, five times, or six times. In some embodiments, the amount of Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered is effective in regulating the frequency of menstrual cycles in the individual to a value of no less than once every 6 months, such as no less than about any of once every 5.5 months, once every 5 months, once every 4.5 months, once every 4 months, once every 3.5 months, once every 3 months, once every 2.5 months, once every 2 months, once every 1.5 months, or once every month. Hence in some embodiments, provided herein is a method of improving frequency of menstrual cycles in an individual in need thereof (e.g., a PCOS patient) , , comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the individual has PCOS. In some embodiments, the individual has obesity. In some embodiments, the individual has a) a baseline body weight of at least any of about 80 kg, or 90 kg, b) a baseline BMI of about 30-36 kg / m2, and / or c) a baseline HbA1c of no more than any of about 6.5%, 6.2%, 6%, 5.8%or 5.6 %. In some embodiments, the individual comprises a plurality of individuals, and the plurality of individuals have a) an average body weight of at least any of about 80 kg, or 90 kg, b) an average baseline BMI of about 30-36 kg / m2, and / or c) an average baseline HbA1c of no more than any of about 6.5%, 6.2%, 6%, 5.8%or 5.6 %.
[0097] In some embodiments, the individual has an improved duration of menstrual cycles (e.g., duration increased by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%or 60%) after treatment relative to the duration of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the amount of Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered is effective in increasing the duration of menstrual cycles to a value of no less than about any of 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, or 10 days. Hence in some embodiments, provided herein is a method of improving duration of menstrual cycles in an individual in need thereof (e.g., a PCOS patient) , comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the individual has PCOS. In some embodiments, the individual has obesity. In some embodiments, the individual has a) a baseline body weight of at least any of about 80 kg, or 90 kg, b) a baseline BMI of about 30-36 kg / m2, and / or c) a baseline HbA1c of no more than any of about 6.5%, 6.2%, 6%, 5.8%or 5.6 %. In some embodiments, the individual comprises a plurality of individuals, and the plurality of individuals have a) an average body weight of at least any of about 80 kg, or 90 kg, b) an average baseline BMI of about 30-36 kg / m2, and / or c) an average baseline HbA1c of no more than any of about 6.5%, 6.2%, 6%, 5.8%or 5.6 %.
[0098] In some embodiments, the individual has an improved regularity of menstrual cycles (e.g., regularity improved by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%or 60%) after treatment relative to the regularity of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the variation of frequency of menstrual cycles in the individual after treatment is no more than about any of 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 2%, or 1%over five years. In some embodiments, the variation of duration of menstrual cycles in the individual is no more than about any of 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 2%, or 1%. Hence in some embodiments, provided herein is a method of improving regularity of menstrual cycles in an individual in need thereof (e.g., a PCOS patient) , comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the individual has PCOS. In some embodiments, the individual has obesity. In some embodiments, the individual has a) a baseline body weight of at least any of about 80 kg, or 90 kg, b) a baseline BMI of about 30-36 kg / m2, and / or c) a baseline HbA1c of no more than any of about 6.5%, 6.2%, 6%, 5.8%or 5.6 %. In some embodiments, the individual comprises a plurality of individuals, and the plurality of individuals have a) an average body weight of at least any of about 80 kg, or 90 kg, b) an average baseline BMI of about 30-36 kg / m2, and / or c) an average baseline HbA1c of no more than any of about 6.5%, 6.2%, 6%, 5.8%or 5.6 %.
[0099] In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) bilateral antral follicle count (bilateral AFC) after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to bilateral antral follicle count prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the amount of Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered is effective in reducing (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%or 60%, e.g., by about 10%to about 20 %, e.g., by about 15%to about 18%) bilateral AFC in the individual (e.g., after 24 weeks of treatment) . In some embodiments, the method comprises administering Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for at least 24 weeks (e.g., at a dose of 2 mg for 4 weeks followed by at a dose of 4 mg weekly for four weeks and followed by at a dose of 6 mg weekly for at least about or about 16 weeks) . Hence in some embodiments, provided herein is a method of reducing bilateral antral follicle count in an individual in need thereof (e.g., a PCOS patient) , comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the bilateral AFC is measured by ultrasound (e.g., transvaginal ultrasound) . In some embodiments, the individual has a) a baseline body weight of at least any of about 80 kg, or 90 kg, b) a baseline BMI of about 30-36 kg / m2, and / or c) a baseline HbA1c of no more than any of about 6.5%, 6.2%, 6%, 5.8%or 5.6 %. In some embodiments, the individual comprises a plurality of individuals, and the plurality of individuals have a) an average body weight of at least any of about 80 kg, or 90 kg, b) an average baseline BMI of about 30-36 kg / m2, and / or c) an average baseline HbA1c of no more than any of about 6.5%, 6.2%, 6%, 5.8%or 5.6 %.
[0100] In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) AMH after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to AMH prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the amount of Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered is effective in reducing (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%or 60%, e.g., by about 12%to about 18 %, e.g., by about 13%to about 16%) AMH in the individual (e.g., after 24 weeks of treatment) . In some embodiments, the method comprises administering Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for at least 24 weeks (e.g., at a dose of 2 mg for 4 weeks followed by at a dose of 4 mg weekly for four weeks and followed by at a dose of 6 mg weekly for at least about or about 16 weeks) . Hence in some embodiments, provided herein is a method of reducing AMH in an individual in need thereof (e.g., a PCOS patient) , comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the AMH is measured via a blood test (e.g., a serum assay) . In some embodiments, the individual has a) a baseline body weight of at least any of about 80 kg, or 90 kg, b) a baseline BMI of about 30-36 kg / m2, and / or c) a baseline HbA1c of no more than any of about 6.5%, 6.2%, 6%, 5.8%or 5.6 %. In some embodiments, the individual comprises a plurality of individuals, and the plurality of individuals have a) an average body weight of at least any of about 80 kg, or 90 kg, b) an average baseline BMI of about 30-36 kg / m2, and / or c) an average baseline HbA1c of no more than any of about 6.5%, 6.2%, 6%, 5.8%or 5.6 %.
[0101] In some embodiments, the individual has an increased (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) SHBG after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to SHBG prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the amount of Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered is effective in incrasing (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%or 60%, e.g., by about 15%to about 30 %, e.g., by about 20%to about 25%) SHBG in the individual (e.g., after 24 weeks of treatment) . In some embodiments, the method comprises administering Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for at least 24 weeks (e.g., at a dose of 2 mg for 4 weeks followed by at a dose of 4 mg weekly for four weeks and followed by at a dose of 6 mg weekly for at least about or about 16 weeks) . Hence in some embodiments, provided herein is a method of increasing SHBG in an individual in need thereof (e.g., a PCOS patient) , comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the SHBG is measured via a blood test (e.g., a serum assay) . In some embodiments, the individual has a) a baseline body weight of at least any of about 80 kg, or 90 kg, b) a baseline BMI of about 30-36 kg / m2, and / or c) a baseline HbA1c of no more than any of about 6.5%, 6.2%, 6%, 5.8%or 5.6 %. In some embodiments, the individual comprises a plurality of individuals, and the plurality of individuals have a) an average body weight of at least any of about 80 kg, or 90 kg, b) an average baseline BMI of about 30-36 kg / m2, and / or c) an average baseline HbA1c of no more than any of about 6.5%, 6.2%, 6%, 5.8%or 5.6 %.
[0102] In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) HOMA-β after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to HOMA-β prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the amount of Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered is effective in reducing (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%or 60%, e.g., by about 20%to about 35 %, e.g., by about 25%to about 30%) HOMA-β in the individual (e.g., after 24 weeks of treatment) . In some embodiments, the method comprises administering Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for at least 24 weeks (e.g., at a dose of 2 mg for 4 weeks followed by at a dose of 4 mg weekly for four weeks and followed by at a dose of 6 mg weekly for at least about or about 16 weeks) . Hence in some embodiments, provided herein is a method of reducing HOMA-β in an individual in need thereof (e.g., a PCOS patient) , comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the HOMA-β is measured via a blood test. In some embodiments, the individual has a) a baseline body weight of at least any of about 80 kg, or 90 kg, b) a baseline BMI of about 30-36 kg / m2, and / or c) a baseline HbA1c of no more than any of about 6.5%, 6.2%, 6%, 5.8%or 5.6 %. In some embodiments, the individual comprises a plurality of individuals, and the plurality of individuals have a) an average body weight of at least any of about 80 kg, or 90 kg, b) an average baseline BMI of about 30-36 kg / m2, and / or c) an average baseline HbA1c of no more than any of about 6.5%, 6.2%, 6%, 5.8%or 5.6 %.
[0103] In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) HOMA-IR after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to HOMA-IR prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the amount of Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered is effective in reducing (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%or 60%, e.g., by about 40%to about 60 %, e.g., by about 50%to about 60%) HOMA-IR in the individual (e.g., after 24 weeks of treatment) . In some embodiments, the method comprises administering Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for at least 24 weeks (e.g., at a dose of 2 mg for 4 weeks followed by at a dose of 4 mg weekly for four weeks and followed by at a dose of 6 mg weekly for at least about or about 16 weeks) . Hence in some embodiments, provided herein is a method of reducing HOMA-IR in an individual in need thereof (e.g., a PCOS patient) , comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the HOMA-IR is measured via a blood test. In some embodiments, the individual has a) a baseline body weight of at least any of about 80 kg, or 90 kg, b) a baseline BMI of about 30-36 kg / m2, and / or c) a baseline HbA1c of no more than any of about 6.5%, 6.2%, 6%, 5.8%or 5.6 %. In some embodiments, the individual comprises a plurality of individuals, and the plurality of individuals have a) an average body weight of at least any of about 80 kg or 90 kg, b) an average baseline BMI of about 30-36 kg / m2, and / or c) an average baseline HbA1c of no more than any of about 6.5%, 6.2%, 6%, 5.8%or 5.6 %.
[0104] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of a) reducing free androgen index (FAI) and b) reducing bilateral AFC in an individual in need thereof (e.g., a PCOS patient) , comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the method comprises administering Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof 2 mg weekly for four weeks, 4 mg weekly for four weeks and 6 mg weekly for at least four weeks (e.g., at least 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 28 weeks, 32 weeks, 36 weeks, 40 weeks, 44 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., 16 weeks) . In some embodiments, the method comprises administering Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof 3 mg weekly for four weeks, 6 mg weekly for four weeks and 9 mg weekly for at least four weeks (e.g., at least 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 28 weeks, 32 weeks, 36 weeks, 40 weeks, 44 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., 16 weeks) . In some embodiments, the method comprises administering Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for at least 24 weeks (e.g., at a dose of 2 mg for 4 weeks followed by at a dose of 4 mg weekly for four weeks and followed by at a dose of 6 mg weekly for at least about or about 16 weeks) . In some embodiments, the individual has a) a baseline body weight of at least any of about 80 kg, or 90 kg, b) a baseline BMI of about 30-36 kg / m2, and / or c) a baseline HbA1c of no more than any of about 6.5%, 6.2%, 6%, 5.8%or 5.6 %. In some embodiments, the individual comprises a plurality of individuals, and the plurality of individuals have a) an average body weight of at least any of about 80 kg, or 90 kg, b) an average baseline BMI of about 30-36 kg / m2, and / or c) an average baseline HbA1c of no more than any of about 6.5%, 6.2%, 6%, 5.8%or 5.6 %. In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) HOMA-IR after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to HOMA-IR prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) HOMA-β after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to HOMA-β prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an increased (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) SHBG after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to SHBG prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) bilateral antral follicle count (bilateral AFC) after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to bilateral antral follicle count prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) AMH after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to AMH prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved regularity of menstrual cycles (e.g., regularity improved by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%or 60%) after treatment relative to the regularity of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved duration of menstrual cycles (e.g., duration increased by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%or 60%) after treatment relative to the duration of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved frequency of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the frequency of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the number of menstrual cycles each year is increased at least by 8%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 100%. In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) androgen level after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks) relative to the androgen level prior to treatment.
[0105] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of a) reducing bilateral AFC and b) reducing Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) in an individual in need thereof (e.g., a PCOS patient) , comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the individual has a) a baseline body weight of at least any of about 80 kg, or 90 kg, b) a baseline BMI of about 30-36 kg / m2, and / or c) a baseline HbA1c of no more than any of about 6.5%, 6.2%, 6%, 5.8%or 5.6 %. In some embodiments, the individual comprises a plurality of individuals, and the plurality of individuals have a) an average body weight of at least any of about 80 kg, or 90 kg, b) an average baseline BMI of about 30-36 kg / m2, and / or c) an average baseline HbA1c of no more than any of about 6.5%, 6.2%, 6%, 5.8%or 5.6 %. In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) HOMA-IR after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to HOMA-IR prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) HOMA-β after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to HOMA-β prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an increased (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) SHBG after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to SHBG prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) bilateral antral follicle count (bilateral AFC) after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to bilateral antral follicle count prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) AMH after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to AMH prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved regularity of menstrual cycles (e.g., regularity improved by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%or 60%) after treatment relative to the regularity of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved duration of menstrual cycles (e.g., duration increased by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%or 60%) after treatment relative to the duration of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved frequency of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the frequency of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the number of menstrual cycles each year is increased at least by 8%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 100%. In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) androgen level after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks) relative to the androgen level prior to treatment.
[0106] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of a) reducing free androgen index (FAI) and b) reducing Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) in an individual in need thereof (e.g., a PCOS patient) , comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the individual has a) a baseline body weight of at least any of about 80 kg, or 90 kg, b) a baseline BMI of about 30-36 kg / m2, and / or c) a baseline HbA1c of no more than any of about 6.5%, 6.2%, 6%, 5.8%or 5.6 %. In some embodiments, the individual comprises a plurality of individuals, and the plurality of individuals have a) an average body weight of at least any of about 80 kg, or 90 kg, b) an average baseline BMI of about 30-36 kg / m2, and / or c) an average baseline HbA1c of no more than any of about 6.5%, 6.2%, 6%, 5.8%or 5.6 %. In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) HOMA-IR after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to HOMA-IR prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) HOMA-β after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to HOMA-β prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an increased (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) SHBG after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to SHBG prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) bilateral antral follicle count (bilateral AFC) after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to bilateral antral follicle count prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) AMH after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to AMH prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved regularity of menstrual cycles (e.g., regularity improved by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%or 60%) after treatment relative to the regularity of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved duration of menstrual cycles (e.g., duration increased by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%or 60%) after treatment relative to the duration of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved frequency of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the frequency of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the number of menstrual cycles each year is increased at least by 8%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 100%. In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) androgen level after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks) relative to the androgen level prior to treatment.
[0107] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of a) reducing free androgen index (FAI) , b) reducing bilateral AFC and c) reducing Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) in an individual in need thereof (e.g., a PCOS patient) , comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the individual has a) a baseline body weight of at least any of about 80 kg, or 90 kg, b) a baseline BMI of about 30-36 kg / m2, and / or c) a baseline HbA1c of no more than any of about 6.5%, 6.2%, 6%, 5.8%or 5.6 %. In some embodiments, the individual comprises a plurality of individuals, and the plurality of individuals have a) an average body weight of at least any of about 80 kg, or 90 kg, b) an average baseline BMI of about 30-36 kg / m2, and / or c) an average baseline HbA1c of no more than any of about 6.5%, 6.2%, 6%, 5.8%or 5.6 %. In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) HOMA-IR after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to HOMA-IR prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) HOMA-β after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to HOMA-β prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an increased (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) SHBG after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to SHBG prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) bilateral antral follicle count (bilateral AFC) after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to bilateral antral follicle count prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) AMH after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks, e.g., after 24 weeks) relative to AMH prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved regularity of menstrual cycles (e.g., regularity improved by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%or 60%) after treatment relative to the regularity of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved duration of menstrual cycles (e.g., duration increased by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%or 60%) after treatment relative to the duration of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the individual has an improved frequency of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the frequency of menstrual cycles prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the number of menstrual cycles each year is increased at least by 8%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 100%. In some embodiments, the individual has a reduced (e.g., by at least about any of 2%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60%) androgen level after treatment (e.g., after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks, 32 weeks, or 48 weeks) relative to the androgen level prior to treatment.
[0108] In some embodiments, the individual has a more normal level of sexual hormones after treatment relative to the level sexual hormones prior to treatment. Hence in some embodiments, provided herein is a method of regulating sexual hormones in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the individual has PCOS. In some embodiments, the individual has obesity. In some embodiments, the sexual hormones comprise luteinizing hormone (LH) . In some embodiments, the sexual hormones comprise follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) . In some embodiments, the method may also regulate hormones that regulate sexual hormone secretion, such as regulating gonadotropin. In some embodiments, the sexual hormone level (e.g., LH or FSH level) is blood concentration. In some embodiments, the sexual hormone (e.g., LH or FSH level) is serum concentration.
[0109] In some embodiments, the level of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) increased by at least about 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 nmol / L after treatment (e.g., after 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 42, or 48 weeks of treatment) as compared to baseline.
[0110] In some embodiments, the level of blood testosterone decreased by at least 5, 6, 7 , 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 ng / dL after treatment (e.g., after 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 42, or 48 weeks of treatment) as compared to baseline. In some embodiments, the level of blood testosterone decreased by at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%or 40%after treatment (e.g., after 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 42, or 48 weeks of treatment) as compared to baseline.
[0111] In some embodiments, the ovarian volume decreased by at least 0.5 ml, 1 ml, 1.5 ml, 1.75 ml, 2 ml, 2.25 ml, 2.5 ml, 2.75 ml, 3 ml, 3.25 ml, 3.5 ml, 3.75 ml, 4 ml, 4.25 ml, 4.5 ml, or 5 ml after treatment (e.g., after 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 42, or 48 weeks of treatment) as compared to baseline. Mazdutide, or a pharmaceutical salt thereof
[0112] Mazdutide, as used herein, has the formula below:
[0113] The specific sequence of Mazdutide is as follows: His-Xaa-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Glu-Lys-Lys-Ala- Lys-Glu-Phe-Val-Glu-Trp-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly (SEQ ID NO: 1) , wherein Xaa is Aib (2-aminoisobutyric acid) ; the Lys at position 20 is chemically modified by conjugating with ε-amino group of the Lys side chain via ( [2- (2-amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γGlu) 1-CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H; and the carboxyl group of the C-terminal Gly is amidated to a C-terminal primary amide.
[0114] In some embodiments, the method provided herein comprises administering a free form of Mazdutide to an individual.
[0115] In some embodiments, the method provided herein comprises administering a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of Mazdutide provided herein to an individual.
[0116] A salt of Mazdutide can be formed between an acid and a basic group of Mazdutide, such as an amino functional group, or a base and an acidic group of Mazdutide, such as a carboxyl functional group.
[0117] As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” , unless otherwise indicated, includes salts that retain the biological effectiveness of the free acids and bases of the specified compound and that are not biologically or otherwise undesirable. Contemplated pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms include, but are not limited to, mono, bis, tris, tetrakis, and so on. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are non-toxic in the amounts and concentrations at which they are administered. The preparation of such salts can facilitate the pharmacological use by altering the physical characteristics of a compound without preventing it from exerting its physiological effect. Useful alterations in physical properties include lowering the melting point to facilitate transmucosal administration and increasing the solubility to facilitate administering higher concentrations of the drug.
[0118] Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include acid addition salts such as those containing sulfate, chloride, hydrochloride, fumarate, maleate, phosphate, sulfamate, acetate, citrate, lactate, tartrate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, cyclohexylsulfamate and quinate. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be obtained from acids such as hydrochloric acid, maleic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfamic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, malonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, cyclohexylsulfamic acid, fumaric acid, and quinic acid.
[0119] Pharmaceutically acceptable salts also include basic addition salts such as those containing benzathine, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, ethanolamine, t-butylamine, ethylenediamine, meglumine, procaine, aluminum, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, ammonium, alkylamine, and zinc, when acidic functional groups, such as carboxylic acid or phenol are present. For example, see Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, 19thed., Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA, Vol. 2, p. 1457, 1995; “Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use” by Stahl and Wermuth, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2002. Such salts can be prepared using the appropriate corresponding bases.
[0120] Pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be prepared by standard techniques. For example, the free-base form of a compound can be dissolved in a suitable solvent, such as an aqueous or aqueous-alcohol solution containing the appropriate acid and then isolated by evaporating the solution. Thus, if the particular compound is a base, the desired pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared by any suitable method available in the art, for example, treatment of the free base with an inorganic acid, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, or with an organic acid, such as acetic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, mandelic acid, fumaric acid, malonic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, glycolic acid, salicylic acid, a pyranosidyl acid, such as glucuronic acid or galacturonic acid, an alpha-hydroxy acid, such as citric acid or tartaric acid, an amino acid, such as aspartic acid or glutamic acid, an aromatic acid, such as benzoic acid or cinnamic acid, a sulfonic acid, such as p-toluenesulfonic acid or ethanesulfonic acid, or the like.
[0121] Similarly, if the particular compound is an acid, the desired pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared by any suitable method, for example, treatment of the free acid with an inorganic or organic base, such as an amine (primary, secondary or tertiary) , an alkali metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, or the like. Illustrative examples of suitable salts include organic salts derived from amino acids, such as L-glycine, L-lysine, and L-arginine, ammonia, primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, and cyclic amines, such as hydroxyethylpyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine or piperazine, and inorganic salts derived from sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, aluminum and lithium.
[0122] It is also to be understood that Mazdutide can exist in unsolvated forms, solvated forms (e.g., hydrated forms) , and solid forms (e.g., crystal or polymorphic forms) , and the present disclosure is intended to encompass all such forms.
[0123] As used herein, the term “solvate” or “solvated form” refers to solvent addition forms that contain either stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amounts of solvent. Some compounds have a tendency to trap a fixed molar ratio of solvent molecules in the crystalline solid state, thus forming a solvate. If the solvent is water, the solvate formed is a hydrate; and if the solvent is alcohol, the solvate formed is an alcoholate. Hydrates are formed by the combination of one or more molecules of water with one molecule of the substance in which the water retains its molecular state as H2O. Examples of solvents that form solvates include, but are not limited to, water, isopropanol, ethanol, methanol, DMSO, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, and ethanolamine.
[0124] As used herein, the terms “crystal form” , “crystalline form” , “polymorphic forms” and “polymorphs” can be used interchangeably, and mean crystal structures in which Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can crystallize in different crystal packing arrangements, all of which have the same elemental composition. Different crystal forms usually have different X-ray diffraction patterns, infrared spectral, melting points, density hardness, crystal shape, optical and electrical properties, stability and solubility. Recrystallization solvent, rate of crystallization, storage temperature, and other factors may cause one crystal form to dominate. Crystal polymorphs of Mazdutide can be prepared by crystallization under different conditions.
[0125] Those of skill in the art will appreciate that Mazdutide may exist in different tautomeric forms, and all such forms are embraced within the scope of the present disclosure. The term “tautomer” or “tautomeric form” refers to structural isomers of different energies which are interconvertible via a low energy barrier. The presence and concentrations of the isomeric forms will depend on the environment Mazdutide is found in and may be different depending upon, for example, whether Mazdutide is a solid or is in an organic or aqueous solution. By way of examples, proton tautomers (also known as prototropic tautomers) include interconversions via migration of a proton, such as keto-enol, amide-imidic acid, lactam-lactim, imine-enamine isomerizations and annular forms where a proton can occupy two or more positions of a heterocyclic system. Valence tautomers include interconversions by reorganization of some of the bonding electrons. Tautomers can be in equilibrium or sterically locked into one form by appropriate substitution. Mazdutide identified by name or structure as one particular tautomeric form are intended to include other tautomeric forms unless otherwise specified.
[0126] Synthesis of Mazdutide provided herein, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are provided in Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 of WO 2016 / 209707, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference. Preparation of the compounds provided herein may also be found in WO2021252829A1 and WO2023196765A1, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Mazdutide provided herein may also be prepared using any known organic synthesis techniques and can be synthesized according to any possible synthetic routes.
[0127] In some embodiments, the method provided herein comprises administering a composition (e.g., a pharmaceutical composition) comprising Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the method provided herein comprises administering a composition (e.g., a pharmaceutical composition) comprising Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a second agent (e.g., metformin or Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor) provided herein. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises one or more additional medicinal agents, pharmaceutical agents, adjuvants, carriers, excipients, and the like. Suitable medicinal and pharmaceutical agents include those described herein. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition includes a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or adjuvant and at least one compound as described herein. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable excipients include, but are not limited to, mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharine, talcum, cellulose, sodium croscarmellose, glucose, gelatin, sucrose, and magnesium carbonate.
[0128] Pharmaceutically acceptable compositions include solid, semi-solid, liquid and aerosol dosage forms, such as tablet, capsule, powder, liquid, suspension, suppository, and aerosol forms. The pharmaceutical composition may be administered in sustained or controlled release dosage forms (e.g., controlled / sustained release pill, depot injection, osmotic pump, or transdermal (including electrotransport patch forms) for prolonged timed, and / or pulsed administration at a predetermined rate. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition may be administered in unit dosage forms suitable for single administration of a precise dose.
[0129] Liquid pharmaceutically administrable compositions can, for example, be prepared by dissolving, dispersing or suspending etc. a compound or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, and optional pharmaceutical additives in a carrier (e.g., water, saline, aqueous dextrose, glycerol, glycols, ethanol or the like) to form a solution or suspension. Injectables can be prepared in conventional forms, either as liquid solutions or suspensions, as emulsions, or in solid forms suitable for dissolution or suspension in liquid prior to injection. The percentage of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof contained in such parenteral compositions depends, for example, on the physical nature of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the activity of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and the needs of the subject (e.g., human) .
[0130] Exemplary compositions (e.g., a pharmaceutical composition) comprising Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be found in WO2022228498 A1 and WO2022140373A1, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
[0131] In some embodiments, Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is in a formulation (e.g., a liquid formulation) comprising tromethamine (e.g., 0.5-5 mg / mL tromethamine) , a stabilizer, a chelating agent and a solvent. In some embodiments, the stabilizer comprises one or more of mannitol, propylene glycol, arginine, arginine hydrochloride, histidine and histidine hydrochloride. In some embodiments, the stabilizer comprises mannitol and propylene glycol (e.g., at a concentration of 0.1-100 mg / mL) . In some embodiments, the chelating agent comprises edetate disodium (e.g., 0.01-5 mg / mL edetate disodium) . In some embodiments, the solvent comprises water.
[0132] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 1-3 mg / mL tromethamine, 10-66 mg / mL stabilizer, 0.03-1 mg / mL chelating agent and a solvent. In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 20-46 mg / mL stabilizer, 0.05-0.5 mg / mL chelating agent and a solvent.
[0133] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 46 mg / mL mannitol, 0.5 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent.
[0134] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 20 mg / mL propylene glycol, 0.5 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent.
[0135] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent.
[0136] In some embodiments, the formulation further comprises a surfactant. In some embodiments, the surfactant is tween 80.
[0137] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises Mazdutide, and the concentration of Mazdutide is about at a concentration of about 1-100 mg / mL. In some embodiments, Mazdutide has a concentration of 3-50 mg / mL. In some embodiments, Mazdutide has a concentration of 6-20 mg / mL. In some embodiments, Mazdutide has a concentration of 15-20 mg / mL. In some embodiments, Mazdutide has a concentration of 3mg / ml, 4mg / ml, 6 mg / ml, 8.37 mg / ml, 12 mg / ml, 15 mg / ml, 18 mg / ml or 20 mg / ml. In some embodiments, Mazdutide has a concentration of 18 mg / mL.
[0138] In some embodiments, the formulation has a pH of 7-9. In some embodiments, the formulation has a pH of 7.5-8.5. In some embodiments, the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0139] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 8.37 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 46 mg / mL mannitol, 0.5 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0140] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 8.37 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 20 mg / mL propylene glycol, 0.5 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0141] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 3 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0142] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 4 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0143] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 8mg / ml Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0144] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 6 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0145] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 12 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0146] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 15 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0147] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 18 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0148] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 20 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7. Individual / Subjects
[0149] The individuals described herein are treated with the methods described in this application. In some embodiments, the individual is a human. In some embodiments, the individual is a female. In some embodiments, the female has oligoovulation. In some embodiments, the individual is a male. In some embodiments, the induvidual is at least 18 years old. In some embodiments, the individual is at least 12 years old.
[0150] In some embodiments, the individual is about 18-40 years old. In some embodiments, the individual is a female who is 18-40 years old. In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI ≥ 28 kg / m2.
[0151] In some embodiments, the individual meets at least 2 of the 2023 international PCOS diagnostic criteria. The 2023 international PCOS diagnostic criteria include: 1) the subject has an irregular menstruation, comprising a) the subject has irregular menstruation from one year after menarche to three years after menarche, wherein irregular menstruation in this period (i.e., >1 to <3 years post menarche) is a cycle that is less than 21 days or greater than 45 days; b) the subject has irregular menstruation after 3 years post menarche and before perimenopause, wherein the irregular menstruation in this period (i.e., >3 years post menarche to perimenopause) is i) a cycle less than 21 days or greater than 35 days or ii) the subject having less than 8 cycles in a year; and c) the subject a cycle that is greater than 90 days one year after menarche: any cycle is greater than 90 days; 2) the subject has at least 20 antral follicles at least one side, and 3) the subject has a biochemical hyperandrogenism (e.g., total testosterone > 1.67 mmol / L) or clinical hyperandrogenism (e.g., modified Ferriman-Galwey (mF-G) > 4) . In some embodiments, the antral follicle has a diameter < 10 mm.
[0152] In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI of at least about 24 kg / m2, such as at least about any of 25 kg / m2, 26 kg / m2, 27 kg / m2, 28 kg / m2, 29 kg / m2, 30 kg / m2, 31 kg / m2, 32 kg / m2, 33 kg / m2, or 34 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI of less than 50 kg / m2, such as less than about any of 48 kg / m2, 45 kg / m2, 42 kg / m2, 40 kg / m2, 38 kg / m2, 35 kg / m2, 32 kg / m2, 30 kg / m2, or 28 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI of about 25 kg / m2 to about 40 kg / m2, such as about any of 28 kg / m2 to about 40 kg / m2, 24 kg / m2 to about 30 kg / m2, 30 kg / m2 to about 40 kg / m2, or 35 kg / m2 to about 45 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI of more than about 28 kg / m2.
[0153] In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI of about 20 kg / m2 to about 30 kg / m2, such as about 24 kg / m2 to about 28 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI of about 24 kg / m2 to about 28 kg / m2, and also has one, two, three of the (i) , (ii) , and (iii) below: (i) prediabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or fatty liver; (ii) pain in weight-bearing joints; and (iii) obesity caused dyspnea or obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
[0154] In some embodiments, the prediabetes may be diagnosed by any prediabetes diagnosis methods known in the art. In some embodiments, the prediabetes may be determined by fasting blood glucose and / or glucose tolerance. In some embodiments, the individual has impaired fasting blood glucose and / or glucose tolerance. In some embodiments, the individual has a fasting glucose level of at least 5.5 mmol / L, such as at least about any of 5.7 mmol / L, 6.0 mmol / L, 6.1 mmol / L, 6.3 mmol / L, 6.5 mmol / L, 6.7 mmol / L, 7.0 mmol / L, 7.2 mmol / L, 7.5 mmol / L, 7.7 mmol / L, or 8.0 mmol / L. In some embodiments, the individual has a fasting glucose level of no more than 7.5 mmol / L, such as at least about any of 7.4 mmol / L, 7.3 mmol / L, 7.2 mmol / L, 7.1 mmol / L, 7.0 mmol / L, 6.9 mmol / L, or 6.8 mmol / L. In some embodiments, the individual has a fasting glucose level of less than 7.0 mmol / L. In some embodiments, the individual has a fasting glucose level of about 5.6 mmol / L to about 6.9 mmol / L. In some embodiments, the individual has a HbA1c no more than 7.0%, such as no more than about any of 6.9%, 6.8%, 6.7%, 6.6%, 6.5%, 6.4%, 6.2%, 6.1%, 6.0%, 5.7%, or 5.5%. In some embodiments, the individual has a HbA1c of no more than 6.5%. In some embodiments, the individual has a HbA1c of less about 7.0%, such less than about any of 6.9%, 6.8%, 6.7%, 6.6%, 6.5%, 6.4%, 6.2%, 6.1%, 6.0%, 5.7%, or 5.5%. In some embodiments, the individual has a HbA1c less than 6.5%. In some embodiments, the individual has a HbA1c of at least about 5.5 %, such as at least about any of 5.6%, 5.7%, 5.8%, 5.9%, 6.0%, 6.1%, 6.2%, 6.3%, 6.4%, or 6.5%. In some embodiments, the individual has a HbA1c of no more than 6.5%. In some embodiments, the individual has a blood glucose two hours after glucose loading in a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of no more than about 15 mmol / L, such as at least about any of 14 mmol / L, 13 mmol / L, 12 mmol / L, 11 mmol / L, 10 mmol / L, or 9 mmol / L. In some embodiments, the individual has a blood glucose two hours after glucose loading in a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of at least about 7.8 mmol / L, such as at least about any of 8 mmol / L, 8.5 mmol / L, 9.0 mmol / L, 9.5 mmol / L, 10 mmol / L, or 10.5 mmol / L. In some embodiments, the individual has a blood glucose two hours after glucose loading in a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of less than 11.1 mmol / L. In some embodiments, the individual has hypertension, dyslipidemia, or fatty liver, or any combination thereof.
[0155] In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI of no more than about 24 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the individual has a BMI of no more than about 20 kg / m2.
[0156] In some embodiments, the individual is insulin resistant. In some embodiments, the individual is not insulin resistant. In some embodiments, the individual does not have diabetes.
[0157] In some embodiments, the individual has diabetes. In some embodiments, the individual has Type I diabetes. In some embodiments, the individual has Type II diabetes.
[0158] In some embodiments, the individual maintains a stable diet and exercise level during the treatment period.
[0159] In some embodiments, the individual has a no more than 7% (e.g., no more than about 6%, 5%, 3%, or 3%) weight change for at least 12 weeks before the administration of Mazdutide.
[0160] In some embodiments, the individual is not treated with a GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist within at least 3 months before the administration of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutical salt thereof. In some embodiments, the individual is not treated with a GLP-1R / GCGR agonist within at least 3 months before the administration of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutical salt thereof. In some embodiments, the individual is not treated with a GIPR / GLP-1R agonist within at least 3 months before the administration of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutical salt thereof. In some embodiments, the individual is not treated with a GIPR / GLP-1R / GCGR agonist within at least 3 months before the administration of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutical salt thereof.
[0161] In some embodiments, the individual is not treated with a drug impacting body weight within at least 3 months before the administration of Mazdutide. In some embodiments, the drug impacting body weight includes, but is not limited to, systemic steroid hormones (intravenous, oral or intra-articular administration) , tricyclic antidepressants, psychiatric drugs or sedative drugs (such as imipramine, amitriptyline, mirtazapine, paroxetine, phenelzine, chlorpromazine, thioridazine, clozapine, olanzapine, valproic acid, valproic acid derivatives, lithium salt) , or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the drug is a Chinese herbal medicine, health product, or meal replacement. In some embodiments, the drug is a weight loss drug. In some embodiments, the weight loss drug may include, but is not limited to, sibutramine hydrochloride, orlistat, phentermine, phenylpropanolamine, chlorpheniramine, phentermine, Fepropion, lorcaserin, phentermine / topiramate mixture, naltrexone / bupropion mixture, or any combination thereof.
[0162] In some embodiments, the individual is not treated with a hypoglycemic drug within at least 3 months before the administration of Mazdutide. In some embodiments, the hypoglycemic drug may include, but is not limited to, metformin, SGLT2 inhibitors, thiazolidinediones (TZD) , or any combination thereof.
[0163] In some embodiments, the individual does not have diabetes before the administration of Mazdutide. In some embodiments, the individual does not have type I diabetes before the administration of Mazdutide. In some embodiments, the individual does not have type II diabetes before the administration of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the individual has a HbA1c less than 6.5%.
[0164] In some embodiments, the individual does not have retinopathy before the administration of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the individual does not have severe hypoglycemia or repeated symptomatic hypoglycemia before the administration of the administration of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the individual does not more than 2 times hypoglycemia over six months before the administration of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0165] In some embodiments, the individual does not have obesity caused by secondary diseases or drugs before the administration of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the individual does not have elevated cortisol or Cushing's syndrome before the administration of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the individual does not have obesity caused by damage to the pituitary gland and hypothalamus before the administration of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the individual does not have obesity caused by reduction / discontinuation of weight-loss drugs before the administration of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the individual does not have single-gene genetic diseases caused by obesity before the administration of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the individual has no more than 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 menstrual period a year. In some embodiments, the individual has no more than 9 menstrual period a year.
[0166] In some embodiments, the individual has oligomenorrhea.
[0167] In some embodiments, the individual has oligomenorrhea since menarche.
[0168] In some embodiments, the individual has a menstrual cycle of no more frequent than about once every 40 days, once every 45 days, once every 50 days, once every two months, once every three months, once every four months, once every five months, or once every six months.
[0169] In some embodiments, the individual has a serum calcitonin of less than 50 ng / L (pg / mL) , such as less than about any of 50 ng / L, 45 ng / L, 40 ng / L, 35 ng / L, 30 ng / L, 25 ng / L, or 20 ng / L.
[0170] In some embodiments, the individual has an Alanine transaminase (ALT) of no more than 3.0×upper limit of normal (ULN) , such as no more than about any of 2.8×ULN, 2.5×ULN, 2.2×ULN, 2×ULN, 1.5×ULN, or 1×ULN. In some embodiments, the individual is diagnosed with NAFLD and has an ALT of no more than about 5.0×ULN, such as no more than about any of 4.8×ULN, 4.5×ULN, 4.2×ULN, 4×ULN, 3.8×ULN, 3.5×ULN, 3.2×ULN, 3×ULN, or 2×ULN, or about 3.0×ULN to about 5.0×ULN. In some embodiments, the individual has a total bilirubin (TBIL) of less than 2×ULN, such as less than about any of 1.8×ULN, 1.5×ULN, 1.3×ULN, or 1×ULN.
[0171] In some embodiments, the individual has an estimated glomerular filtration rate eGFR using the CKD-EPI formula of no less than 45 mL / min / 1.73 m2, such as no less than about any of 50 mL / min / 1.73 m2, 55 mL / min / 1.73 m2, 60 mL / min / 1.73 m2, 70 mL / min / 1.73 m2, 80 mL / min / 1.73 m2, or 90 mL / min / 1.73 m2.
[0172] In some embodiments, the individual has a Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) of no more than 7 mIU / L, such as no more than about any of 6.5 mIU / L, 6 mIU / L, 5.5 mIU / L, 5 mIU / L, 4.5 mIU / L, 4 mIU / L, or 3.5 mIU / L. In some embodiments, the individual has a TSH more than 0.3 mIU / L, such as more than about any of 0.4 mIU / L, 0.5 mIU / L, 0.6 mIU / L, or 0.7 mIU / L.
[0173] In some embodiments, the individual has a fasting triglyceride of less than 5.64 mmol / L (500 mg / dL) , such as less than about any of 5.6 mmol / L, 5.5 mmol / L, 5 mmol / L, 4.5 mmol / L, 4 mmol / L, 3.5 mmol / L, 3 mmol / L, 2.5 mmol / L, 2 mmol / L, 1.9 mmol / L, 1.8 mmol / L, or 1.7 mmol / L.
[0174] In some embodiments, the individual has a blood amylase or lipase of no more than 2.0×ULN, such as no more than about any of 1.8×ULN, 1.5×ULN, 1.2×ULN, or 1×ULN.
[0175] In some embodiments, the individual has an international normalized ratio (INR) of prothrombin time of no more than the ULN.
[0176] In some embodiments, the individual has a Hemoglobin of at least 110 g / L for male or at least 100 g / L for female, such as at least about any of 110 g / L, 115 g / L, 120 g / L, 125 g / L, 130 g / L, 135 g / L, or 150 g / L for male and at least about any of 105 g / L, 110 g / L, 115 g / L, 120 g / L, 125 g / L, 130 g / L, or 135 g / L for female.
[0177] In some embodiments, the individual is not pregnant. In some embodiments, the individual is during a lactation period before or at the time of administration of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0178] In some embodiments, the individual has been subject to a prior therapy. In some embodiments, the prior therapy comprises metformin or Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor. In some embodiments, the prior therapy comprises a GLP-1 receptor agonist. In some embodiments, the GLP-1 receptor agonist is liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, or liraglutide.
[0179] In some embodiments, the individual has a Phenotype A PCOS under Rotterdam criteria (i.e., having Hyperandrogenism and Ovulatory Dysfunction and PCOM) . In some embodiments, the individual has a Phenotype B PCOS under Rotterdam criteria (i.e., having Hyperandrogenism and Ovulatory Dysfunction) . In some embodiments, the individual has a Phenotype C PCOS under Rotterdam criteria (i.e., having Hyperandrogenism and PCOM) . In some embodiments, the individual has a Phenotype D PCOS under Rotterdam criteria (i.e., having Ovulatory Dysfunction and PCOM) .
[0180] In some embodiments, the subject has a free androgen index (FAI) baseline of about 6 to about 16. In some embodiments, the subject has a free androgen index (FAI) baseline of about 7 to about 16, about 8 to about 16, about 9 to about 16, or about 10 to about 16. In some embodiments, the subject has a free androgen index (FAI) baseline of about 2 to about 35 or about 5 to about 35. In some embodiments, the subject has a Bilateral antral follicle count of at least 20, 25, 30, 35, or 40 or 45. In some embodiments, the subject has a Bilateral antral follicle count of about 20-40, 20-45, 20-50, 20-55, 20-60, 20-70 or 20-80. In some embodiments, the subject has a Bilateral antral follicle count of about 27 to about 78. In some embodiments, the subject has a Bilateral antral follicle count of about 37 to about 64. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline AMH of about 6-12 ng / ml. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline AMH of about 3-20 ng / ml. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline AMH of about 5-13 ng / ml. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline SHBG of about 20 to 50 nmol / L, about 20 to 40 nmol / L, or about 20-30 nmol / L. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline SHBG of about 8 nmol / L to about 70 nmol / L. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline SHBG of about 8 nmol / L to about 50 nmol / L. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline HOMA-β of at least any of about 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, or 450. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline HOMA-β of about 60 to about 750. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline HOMA-β of about 190 to about 750. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline HOMA-IR of at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline HOMA-IR of about 1 to about 20. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline HOMA-IR of about 5 to about 20. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline body weight of at least about 70 kg, 75 kg, 80 kg, 85 kg, or 90 kg. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline body weight of 70 kg to 110 kg. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline body weight of 80 kg to 110 kg. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 25 kg / m2, 26 kg / m2, 27 kg / m2, 28 kg / m2, 29 kg / m2, 30 kg / m2, 31 kg / m2, 32 kg / m2, 33 kg / m2, or 34 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of about 29 kg / m2 to about 39 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of about 32 kg / m2 to about 37 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline HbA1c of no more than about any of 6.5%, 6.4%, 6.3%, 6.2%, or 6.1%. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline HbA1c of about 5.1%to about 6.1%.
[0181] In some embodiments, the method described herein comprises treating PCOS in a plurality of subjects. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have an average baseline FAI of at least any of 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have a baseline FAI of about 2 to about 35. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have a baseline FAI of about 5 to about 35. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have an average baseline Bilateral antral follicle count of at least any of about 20, 25, 30, 35, or 40 or 45.In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have a baseline Bilateral antral follicle count of at least about 20 to about 80. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have a baseline Bilateral antral follicle count of at least about 27 to about 78. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have a baseline Bilateral antral follicle count of at least about 37 to about 64. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have an average baseline AMH of about 6-12 ng / ml. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have a baseline AMH of about 5ng / ml to about 13 ng / ml. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have a baseline AMH of about 3 ng / ml to about 20 ng / ml. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have an average baseline SHBG of about 20-50 ng / mL, about 20 to 40 nmol / L, or about 20-30 nmol / L. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have a baseline SHBG of about 8-70 nmol / L. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have a baseline SHBG of about 8-50 nmol / L. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have an average baseline HOMA-β of at least 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, or 450. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have a baseline HOMA-β of about 60 to about 750. In some embodiments, the plurality of subject have a baseline HOMA-β of about 190 to about 750. In some embodiments, the plurality of subjects have an average baseline HOMA-IR of at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12.. In some embodiments, the plurality of subjects have a baseline HOMA-IR of about 1 to 20. In some embodiments, the plurality of subjects have a baseline HOMA-IR of about 5 to 20. In some embodiments, the plurality of subjects have an average baseline body weight of at least about 70 kg, 75 kg, 80 kg, 85 kg, or 90 kg. In some embodiments, the plurality of subjects have a baseline body weight of about 70 kg to about 110 kg.In some embodiments, the plurality of subjects have a baseline body weight of about 80 kg to about 105 kg. In some embodiments, the plurality of subjects have a baseline BMI of at least about 25 kg / m2, 26 kg / m2, 27 kg / m2, 28 kg / m2, 29 kg / m2, 30 kg / m2, 31 kg / m2, 32 kg / m2, 33 kg / m2, or 34 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the plurality of subjects have an average baseline of no more than about any of 5.8%, 5.7%, or 5.6%. In some embodiments, the plurality of subjects have a baseline of 5.1%to about 6.1%.
[0182] In some embodiments, the subject does not have a history of acute or chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic injury.
[0183] In some embodiments, the subject does not have a personal and / or family history of medullary thyroid cancer or multiple endocrine neoplasia 2a or 2b.
[0184] In some embodiments, the subject does not have a severe hypertriglyceridemia (e.g., TG greater than 5mmol / L) .
[0185] In some embodiments, the subject does not have diabetes. In some embodiments, the subject does not have type 1 and / or type 2 diabetes.
[0186] In some embodiments, the subject does not have an endocrine disease that causes or can cause polycystic ovary changes. In some embodiments, the endocrine disease does not have any one or more of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (e.g., 21-hydroxylase deficiency) , prolactinoma, and / or Cushing's syndrome.
[0187] In some embodiments, the subject is not pregnant or breastfeeding.
[0188] In some embodiments, the subject is not suffering from other serious diseases or tumors of important organs such as heart, liver, and kidney. Combination therapy
[0189] In some embodiments, the methods provided herein comprise administering a second agent or therapy. In some embodiments, the second agent or therapy comprises metformin.
[0190] In some embodiments, Mazdutide and the second agent or therapy (e.g., metformin) are administered sequentially (i.e., Mazdutide is administered either prior to or after the administration of the second agent or therapy (e.g., metformin or Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor) . In some embodiments, the administration of Mazdutide and the second agent or therapy (e.g., metformin or SGLT-2 inhibitor) are concurrent, (i.e., the administration period of the Mazdutide and the second agent or therapy (e.g., metformin or SGLT-2 inhibitor) overlap with each other. In some embodiments, the administration of Mazdutide and the second agent or therapy (e.g., metformin or SGLT-2 inhibitor) are non-concurrent. For example, in some embodiments, the administration of Mazdutide is terminated before the second agent or therapy (e.g., metformin or SGLT-2 inhibitor) is administered. In some embodiments, the administration of the second agent or therapy (e.g., metformin or SGLT-2 inhibitor) is terminated before Mazdutide is administered.
[0191] In some embodiments, the method provided herein comprises administering an effective amount of Mazdutide and an effective amount of the second agent or therapy (e.g., metformin or SGLT-2 inhibitor) in a single composition. In some embodiments, the method provided herein comprises administering Mazdutide in a first composition and administering the second agent or therapy (e.g., metformin or SGLT-2 inhibitor) in a second composition.
[0192] In some embodiments, the SGLT2 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, canagliflozin, ertugliflozin, sotagliflozin, ipragliflozin, tofogliflozin, luseogliflozin, bexagliflozin, and remogloflozin.
[0193] Also provided herein are compound or compositions for use in any of the methods (e.g., method of treating (i) polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and / or (ii) reducing serum testosterone and / or (iii) improving the frequency, duration, and / or regularity of menstrual cycles in an individual) described here. Also provided herein are use of any one of the compound described herein for the manufacture of medicament for treating (i) polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and / or (ii) reducing serum testosterone and / or (iii) improving the frequency, duration, and / or regularity of menstrual cycles in an individual. Dose and Administration
[0194] In some embodiments, a doctor determines the dosage and dosing frequency which they consider most appropriate according to a preventive or curative treatment and according to the age, weight, condition, and other factors specific to the individual to be treated. In some embodiments, the frequency and dosage may also vary according to factors specific for each individual depending on the specific therapy (e.g., therapeutic or prophylactic) , the route of administration, as well as age, body, weight, response, and the past medical history of the individual.
[0195] In some variations, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be administered via any accepted mode of administration for therapeutic agents including, but not limited to, oral, sublingual, subcutaneous, parenteral, intravenous, intranasal, topical, transdermal, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, intrapulmonary, vaginal, rectal, or intraocular administration. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or composition is administered via subcutaneous injection.
[0196] In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered (e.g., via subcutaneous injection) at a dose of at least about 2 mg, such as at least about any of 2 mg, 3 mg, 4 mg, 5 mg, 6 mg, 7 mg, 8 mg, 9 mg, or 10 mg. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered (e.g., via subcutaneous injection) at a dose of no more than about 15 mg, such as at least about any of 14 mg, 13 mg, 12 mg, 11 mg, 10 mg, 9 mg, 8 mg, 7 mg, or 6 mg. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered (e.g., via subcutaneous injection) at a dose of about 2 mg to about 10 mg. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered (e.g., via subcutaneous injection) at a dose of about 2 mg to about 9 mg. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered (e.g., via subcutaneous injection) at a dose of about 2 mg to about 6 mg. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered (e.g., via subcutaneous injection) at a dose of about 2 mg. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered (e.g., via subcutaneous injection) at a dose of about 4 mg. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered (e.g., via subcutaneous injection) at a dose of about 3 mg. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered (e.g., via subcutaneous injection) at a dose of about 6 mg. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered (e.g., via subcutaneous injection) at a dose of about 9 mg.
[0197] In some embodiments, the dose of Mazdutide or pharmaceutical compositions thereof is administered (e.g., via subcutaneous injection) according to a suitable schedule, for example, any of about every day, about every two days, about every three days, about every four days, about every five days, about every six days, about once a week, about once every two weeks, about once every three weeks, and about once a month. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered (e.g., via subcutaneous injection) every three days, every four days, every five days, every six days, every week, or every two weeks. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered (e.g., via subcutaneous injection) once per week. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered (e.g., via subcutaneous injection) to the individual once a week.
[0198] In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered (e.g., via subcutaneous injection) to the individual about once weekly for about 4 weeks.
[0199] In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered (e.g., via subcutaneous injection) to the individual about once weekly for about 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46 or 48 weeks.
[0200] In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered (e.g., via subcutaneous injection) to the individual at a dose of about 2 mg once weekly for 4 weeks followed by being administered (e.g., via subcutaneous injection) at a dose of 4 mg once weekly for at least about 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40 or 44 weeks.
[0201] In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered (e.g., via subcutaneous injection) to the individual at a dose of about 2 mg once weekly for 4 weeks, followed by being administered (e.g., via subcutaneous injection) at a dose of 4 mg once weekly for 4 weeks, and further followed by being administered (e.g., via subcutaneous injection) at a dose of 6 mg once weekly for at least about 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, or 40 weeks.
[0202] In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered (e.g., via subcutaneous injection) to the individual at a dose of about 3 mg once weekly for 4 weeks, followed by being administered (e.g., via subcutaneous injection) at a dose of 6 mg once weekly for 4 weeks, and further followed by being administered (e.g., via subcutaneous injection) at a dose of 9 mg once weekly for at least about 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, or 40 weeks. III. Kit
[0203] Also provided herein are kits for carrying out the methods described herein, which comprises Mazdutide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a pharmacological composition comprising Mazdutide. In one variation, the kit employs Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The kits may be used for any one or more of the uses described herein, and, accordingly, may contain instructions for use in the treatment of PCOS.
[0204] In some embodiments, the kit comprises suitable packaging. The kit may comprise one or more containers comprising any compound described herein. Each component (if there is more than one component) can be packaged in separate containers or some components can be combined in one container where cross-reactivity and shelf life permit. One or more components of a kit may be sterile and / or may be contained within sterile packaging.
[0205] The kits may be in unit dosage forms, bulk packages (e.g., multi-dose packages) or sub-unit doses. For example, kits may be provided that contain sufficient dosages of Mazdutide (e.g., a therapeutically effective amount) and / or a second pharmaceutically active compound (e.g., metformin) useful for a disease detailed herein (e.g., PCOS) to provide effective treatment of an individual for an extended period, such as any of a week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, or more. Kits may also include multiple unit doses of the compounds and instructions for use and be packaged in quantities sufficient for storage and use in pharmacies (e.g., hospital pharmacies and compounding pharmacies) .
[0206] The kits may optionally include a set of instructions, generally written instructions, although electronic storage media (e.g., magnetic diskette or optical disk) containing instructions are also acceptable, relating to the use of component (s) of the methods described herein. The instructions included with the kit generally include information as to the components and their administration to an individual.
[0207] Also provided herein are compositions for use in any of the methods (e.g., method of treating PCOS) described here. Also provided herein are use of Mazdutide described herein for the manufacture of medicament for treating PCOS. EXAMPLARY EMBODIMENTS
[0208] The present application further provides the following exemplary embodiments relating to methods of studying, assessing, or evaluating the safety and / or effectiveness of a test drug for treating PCOS, methods for establishing an animal model of PCOS, PCOS animal models, and methods for evaluating a PCOS therapeutic drug.
[0209] Embodiment 1. A method of studying, assessing, or evaluating the safety and / or effectiveness of a test drug for treating PCOS or reducing a PCOS-associated symptom ( “test drug” ) in an animal, comprising: a) establishing PCOS associated symptoms in an animal, comprising administration of an agent for inducing PCOS-associated symptoms ( “PCOS-inducing agent” ) , and subsequently, b) administering into the animal a) the test drug, and b) an agent that promotes a hormone ( “hormone-promoting agent” ) in the animal.
[0210] Embodiment 2. The method of embodiment 1, wherein establishing PCOS associated symptoms in the animal comprises administering the PCOS-inducing agent a) at a frequency of once a week, twice a week, three times a week, once every two days, or daily, and / or b) for at least about 5, 10, 15, 18, 19, or 20 days.
[0211] Embodiment 3. A method of studying, assessing, or evaluating the safety and / or effectiveness of a test drug for treating PCOS or reducing a PCOS-associated symptom in an animal, comprising administering into the animal a) an agent that promotes a hormone ( “hormone-promoting agent” ) in the animal, and b) the test drug, wherein the animal has one or more PCOS-associated symptoms prior to the administration of the hormone-promoting agent and / or the test drug.
[0212] Embodiment 4. The method of embodiment 2, wherein the animal has been subject to administration of an agent for inducing PCOS-associated symptoms ( “PCOS-inducing agent” ) prior to initiation of the administration of the test drug, optionally wherein: a) the animal has been subject to the administration PCOS-inducing agent at a frequency of once a week, twice a week, three times a week, once every two days, or daily, and / or b) the animal has been subject to the administration PCOS-inducing agent for at least about 5, 10, 15, 18, 19, or 20 days.
[0213] Embodiment 5. The method of any one of embodiments 1-2 and 4, wherein the PCOS inducing agent is the same as the hormone-promoting agent.
[0214] Embodiment 6. The method of any one of embodiments 1-2 and 4-5, wherein the PCOS-inducing agent is an androgen, an estrogen, an aromatase inhibitor, a progesterone, or a precursor thereof, a light (e.g., constant light exposure) , a high-fat diet, or a combination thereof.
[0215] Embodiment 7. The method of embodiment 7, wherein the PCOS-inducing agent is DHEA and / or HFD, optionally wherein the animal is subject to the administration of the PCOS-inducing agent daily for at least about 5, 10, 15, 18, 19, or 20 days.
[0216] Embodiment 8. The method of any one of embodiments 1-7, wherein the hormone is selected from the group consisting of an androgen, an estrogen, and a progestin.
[0217] Embodiment 9. The method of any one of embodiments 1-8, wherein the hormone-promoting agent is an androgen, an estrogen, an aromatase inhibitor, a progesterone, or a precursor thereof, a light (e.g., constant light exposure) , a high-fat diet, or a combination thereof.
[0218] Embodiment 10. The method of any one of embodiments 1-9, wherein the hormone-promoting agent comprises an agent selected from the group consisting of Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) , testosterone propionate, free testosterone, letrozole, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) .
[0219] Embodiment 11. The method of any one of embodiments 1-10, wherein the hormone-promoting agent comprises a precursor of androgen.
[0220] Embodiment 12. The method of embodiment 11, wherein the hormone-promoting agent comprises DHEA, optionally wherein the DHEA is administered into the animal at a dose of about 40-80 mg / kg, further optionally wherein the DHEA is administered into the animal at a dose of about 50-70 mg / kg, further optionally wherein the DHEA is administered into the animal at a dose of about 60 mg / kg.
[0221] Embodiment 13. The method of any one of embodiments 1-12, wherein the hormone-promoting agent further comprises a fat-rich diet (FRD) , optionally wherein the FRD is administered orally (i.e., via feeding) .
[0222] Embodiment 14. The method of any one of embodiments 1-13, wherein the hormone-promoting agent is administered into the animal at least once a week, twice a week, three times a week, once every two days, or daily.
[0223] Embodiment 15. The method of any one of embodiments 1-14, wherein the hormone-promoting agent is administered subcutaneously.
[0224] Embodiment 16. The method of any one of embodiments 1-15, wherein the method comprises administering the hormone-promoting agent and the test drug into the animal within the 3 days, 2 days, or the same day.
[0225] Embodiment 17. The method of any one of embodiments 1-16, wherein method comprises administering the hormone-promoting agent into the animal after administering the test drug.
[0226] Embodiment 18. The method of any one of embodiments 1-17, wherein the method comprises administering test drug into the animal for at least any of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 times.
[0227] Embodiment 19. The method of embodiment 18, wherein the method comprises administering the hormone-promoting agent and the test drug into the animal for at least any of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, or 30 days..
[0228] Embodiment 20. The method of embodiment 18 or 19, wherein the hormone-promoting agent is administered for a period at least until a) completion of the last administration of test drug, or b) completion of 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, or 10th administration of the test drug.
[0229] Embodiment 21. The method of any one of embodiments 18-20, wherein the test drug is administered at a frequency of once every three days, and / or wherein the hormone-promoting agent is administered daily.
[0230] Embodiment 22. The method of any one of embodiments 1-21, wherein the hormone-promoting agent comprises DHEA and FRD, and wherein the method comprises administering DHEA and FRD at least once every two days or daily.
[0231] Embodiment 23. The method of any one of embodiments 1-22, wherein the test drug comprises a GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) , bicalutamide, myo-inositol, D-chiro-inositol, or berberine.
[0232] Embodiment 24. The method of embodiment 23, wherein the test drug comprises a GLP-1 RA.
[0233] Embodiment 25. The method of embodiment 24, wherein the test drug is selected from the group consisting of mazdutide, exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, lixisenatide, albiglutide, tirzepatide, efpeglenatide, and retatrutide.
[0234] Embodiment 26. The method of embodiment 25, wherein the test drug comprises mazdutide or semaglutide, optionally wherein: a) the method comprises administering mazdutide or semaglutide into the animal once every three days, and / or b) the method comprises administering mazdutide or semaglutide into the animal at a dose of 1-10 nmol / kg, wherein the animal is a mouse.
[0235] Embodiment 27. The method of any one of embodiments 1-26, wherein the method comprises administering the test drug into the animal at least once a week, twice a week, three times a week, once every three days, once every two days, or daily.
[0236] Embodiment 28. The method of any one of embodiments 1-27, wherein the method comprises administering in the animal a) DHEA and HFD daily and b) a GLP-1 receptor antagonist for a period of at least 10, 15, 20, 25, or 30 days.
[0237] Embodiment 29. The method of any one of embodiments 1-28, wherein the animal is a rodent, a sheep, a non-human primate.
[0238] Embodiment 30. The method of embodiment 29, wherein the animal is a rodent, optionally wherein the animal is a rat, a hamster, or a mouse.
[0239] Embodiment 31. The method of embodiment 30, wherein the animal is a mouse, optionally wherein the mouse is: a) a C57BL / 6 mouse, b) a female mouse, and / or c) about 6-8 weeks.
[0240] Embodiment 32. The method of any one of embodiments 1-31, wherein the method further comprises monitoring one or more PCOS-associated parameters and / or evaluating one or more PCOS-associated symptoms.
[0241] Embodiment 33. The method of embodiment 32, wherein the method further comprises monitoring one or more PCOS-associated parameters, optionally the one or more PCOS-associated parameters comprise estrous cycle, serum testosterone level, ovary morphology, and / or body weight.
[0242] Embodiment 34. The method of embodiment 32 or embodiment 33, wherein the method further comprises evaluating one or more PCOS-associated symptoms, wherein the PCOS-associated symptoms comprise at least one of the following: significant weight gain, disrupted estrous cycle, elevated serum testosterone levels, polycystic ovary morphology, optionally wherein effectiveness of the test drug is assessed by at least one of the following indicators: restoration or suppression of body weight, normalization of the estrous cycle, reduction in serum testosterone levels (e.g., as compared to base levels assessed prior to the administration of the test drug) .
[0243] Embodiment 35. A method for establishing an animal model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) , comprising the following steps: a) subcutaneously administering dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) at a dose of 60 mg / kg daily to 3-4-week-old C57BL / 6 mice for 3 weeks; b) feeding the mice a high-fat diet; and / or c) monitoring the estrous cycle from Day 14 to Day 20 of modeling and evaluating PCOS phenotypes by measuring serum testosterone levels at the endpoint.
[0244] Embodiment 36. The method of embodiment 35, wherein the subcutaneous administration of DHEA is continued until the end of pharmacodynamic experiments.
[0245] Embodiment 37. The method of embodiment 35 or 36, wherein the PCOS phenotypes comprise at least one of the following: significant weight gain, disrupted estrous cycle, elevated serum testosterone levels, polycystic ovary morphology.
[0246] Embodiment 38. A PCOS animal model or animal established by the method of any one of embodiments 35-37.
[0247] Embodiment 39. A method for screening or evaluating a PCOS therapeutic drug using the PCOS animal model according to embodiment 38, comprising the following steps: a) subcutaneously administering a test drug to the successfully modeled PCOS mice every 3 days for 30 days; b) monitoring changes in body weight and estrous cycle; and / or c) evaluating drug efficacy by measuring serum testosterone levels at the endpoint.
[0248] Embodiment 40. The method of embodiment 39, wherein the test drug is a GLP-1 receptor agonist.
[0249] Embodiment 41. The method of embodiment 40, wherein the GLP-1 receptor agonist is selected from Mazdutide or Semaglutide, administered at a dose of 1-10 nmol / kg every 3 days.
[0250] Embodiment 42. The method of any one of embodiments 39-41, wherein the drug efficacy is assessed by at least one of the following indicators: restoration or suppression of body weight, normalization of the estrous cycle, reduction in serum testosterone levels. EXAMPLES Example 1. Phase III Clinical Study of Mazdutide
[0251] During the Phase III clinical trial (GLORY 1, protocol number CIBI362B301, ClinicalTrials. gov Identifier: NCT05607680) , which was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study (GLORY-1) carried out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Mazdutide (i.e., IBI362) in overweight or obese subjects. It was found that Mazdutide effectively reduced serum testosterone levels and improved frequency, duration and regularity in patients that have polycystic ovary syndrome.
[0252] Subjects in this study must meet all of the following inclusion criteria to be included in the study: 1. Age ≥18 years old, male or female. 2. Obese people: BMI ≥ 28.0 kg / m2; or overweight people: 24.0 kg / m2 ≤ BMI < 28.0 kg / m2 and accompanied by at least one of the following manifestations: i. Prediabetes (impaired fasting blood glucose and / or glucose tolerance) Abnormality, hypertension, dyslipidemia, fatty liver (within the screening period or within 6 months before screening) ; ii. Pain in weight-bearing joints (Screening period or within 6 months before screening) ; iii. Obesity causes dyspnea or obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (screening period or within 6 months before screening) . 3. A stable diet and exercise lifestyle can be maintained during the study period. 4. Be able to understand the procedures and methods of this study, be willing to strictly abide by the clinical trial protocol and complete this trial, and voluntarily sign the informed consent form.
[0253] The exclusion criteria of this study include: 1. The researcher suspects that the subject may be allergic to ingredients in the study drug or similar drugs. 2. Weight change >5%controlled by simple diet and exercise within at least 12 weeks before screening. 3. Use any of the following medications or treatments before screening: 1) Have used GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist or GLP-1R / GCGR agonist or GIPR / GLP-1R agonist or GIPR / GLP-1R / GCGR agonist within 3 months before screening; 2) Use of drugs that have an impact on body weight within 3 months before screening, including: systemic steroid hormones (intravenous, oral or intra-articular administration) , tricyclic antidepressants, psychiatric drugs or sedative drugs (such as imipramine, amitriptyline, mirtazapine, paroxetine, phenelzine, chlorpromazine, thioridazine, clozapine, olanzapine, valproic acid, valproic acid derivatives or lithium salt thereof) , etc.; 3) Have used Chinese herbal medicines, health products, meal replacements, etc. that affect weight within 3 months before screening; 4) Have used or are currently using weight loss drugs within 3 months before screening, such as: sibutramine hydrochloride, orlistat, phentermine, phenylpropanolamine, chlorpheniramine, phentermine, and amfepramone, lorcaserin, phentermine / topiramate mixture, naltrexone / bupropion mixture, etc.; 5) Have used hypoglycemic drugs, such as metformin, SGLT2 inhibitors, thiazolidinediones (TZD) , etc. within 3 months before screening; 6) Participated in other clinical trials (already received experimental drug treatment) within 3 months before screening. 4. Have a history or evidence of any of the following diseases: 1) HbA1c≥6.5%at screening or previously diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes; 2) Fasting venous blood glucose ≥7.0 mmol / L during screening or venous blood glucose two hours after glucose loading in a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) ≥11.1 mmol / L (subjects with fasting venous blood glucose≥6.1mmol / Land <7.0 mmol / L during screening were tested for venous blood glucose two hours after OGTT glucose load for confirmation) .
[0254] The trial included three periods: 1. Screening Period Researchers conducted relevant inspections for the subjects, checked the admission criteria, and determined the eligibility of subjects. 2. Double-Blind Treatment Period The double-blind treatment period was divided into 3 phases: the initial dose period, the second dose period and the third dose period. The dosage regimens were described as follows: · Mazdutide 4.0 mg group: administered by subcutaneous injection once a week; starting dose is Mazdutide 2.0 mg, administered continuously for 4 weeks; if well tolerated, increased to Mazdutide 4.0 mg, administered continuously for 44 weeks. For this group, the second level dose and third level dose were both Mazdutide 4.0 mg. · Mazdutide 6.0 mg group: administered by subcutaneous injection once a week; starting dose is Mazdutide 2.0 mg, administered continuously for 4 weeks; if well tolerated, increase to Mazdutide 4.0 mg (second level dose) , administered continuously for 4 weeks ; If tolerated well, continue to increase to Mazdutide 6.0 mg (third level dose) and continue administration for 40 weeks. · Placebo group: administered by subcutaneous injection once a week; the placebo administration method and dosage form remain the same as Mazdutide, and will be administered continuously for 48 weeks. 3. Drug withdrawal follow-up period: A 12-week off-treatment follow-up was conducted after the end of treatment.
[0255] Analysis of the change from baseline in testosterone levels at weeks 32 and 48 of the exploratory endpoints suggested that testosterone levels were reduced in female subjects treated with Mazdutide. At week 32, the mean changes in testosterone levels of female subjects in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and placebo group from the baseline were -9.209 mol / L, -10.474mol / L and -5.103mol / , respectively; at week 48 they were -5.411 mol / L, -7.558 mol / L and -1.012 mol / L respectively.
[0256] In addition, the change of total testosterone (the trend of the percentage change from baseline over time) in the enrolled subjects with a history of polycystic ovary / polycystic ovary syndrome at baseline was screened, and the results are summarized in FIG. 1 and Table B-1. Table B-1
[0257] As shown in the FIG. 1 and Table B-1, among patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, those treated with Mazdutide had significantly reduced testosterone levels.
[0258] Changes in the menstrual cycle of some subjects in this clinical trial further suggested that Mazdutide treatment improved oligomenorrhea. For example, a subject in Center 04 with a history of polycystic ovary syndrome had oligomenorrhea at baseline and a menstrual cycle of about 4-5 months. After taking the study drug for half a year, the menstrual cycle was improved to about 1 month. Another subject in Center 22 with a history of polycystic ovary syndrome and oligomenorrhea at baseline. This patient reported that the menstrual cycle was about 6 months since menarche, and the number of menstrual periods was 3 times during the use of the study drug, indicating an improvement in the menstrual cycle. Another subject at Center 38 with a history of polycystic ovary syndrome at baseline reported that rare menstruation in the past, but the menstrual cycle was improved after taking the study drug for 3 months to a menstrual cycle of about 3 months. A subject with polycystic ovary syndrome at baseline and with a history of ovarian syndrome had a menstrual cycle of about 40 days at baseline, which was improved to around 30 days after taking the study drug for half a year. Some of the other subjects with polycystic ovary at baseline did not manifest oligomenorrhea, and others have been taking oral contraceptives for contraception requirements or treatment of medical history / adverse events per protocol, so corresponding information is not collected or provided. Accordingly, all subjects with PCOS that have evaluable data have shown varying degrees of improvements in frequency, duration, and / or regularity of menstrual cycles.
[0259] In addition, the main focus and key sub-points of this study were achieved, suggesting that overweight or obese people for whom diet and exercise alone are ineffective in controlling weight, Mazdutide 4 mg and Mazdutide 6 mg both showed significant improvement at 32 and 48 weeks of treatment. It has a significant weight loss effect. In addition, it can also reduce waist circumference and improve blood pressure, blood lipids, blood uric acid, transaminases, insulin sensitivity, etc. Abnormalities in these indicators are also an important part of the disease burden of PCOS patients.
[0260] In summary, Mazdutide has a comprehensive therapeutic effect on PCOS patients by improving indicators related to hyperandrogenism, oligomenorrhea, and metabolic syndrome. Example 2. Mazdutide / PCOS study
[0261] PCOS patients were treated with Mazdutide at a dose of 2.0 mg weekly for four weeks, followed by a dose of 4.0 mg weekly for four weeks, then followed by a dose of 6.0 mg weekly for 16 weeks. 19 patients were enrolled. At the time results were collected, four of patients have completed all visits, 18 patients were still being treated. Four patients have completed all visits during first 24 weeks. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were discussed below.
[0262] Inclusion criteria:
[0263] 1. Age: 18-40 years old
[0264] 2. Female
[0265] 3. BMI ≥ 28 kg / m2
[0266] 4. No pregnancy plan in the past 8 months
[0267] 5. Meet at least 2 of the 2023 international PCOS diagnostic criteria, namely: a) . Irregular menstruation: 1-3 years after menarche: cycle less than 21 days or greater than 45 days; 3 years after menarche to perimenopause: cycle less than 21 days or 35 days or less than 8 menstrual cycles per year; 1 year after menarche: any cycle is greater than 90 days; b) .Polycystic ovarian changes: at least one side of the antral follicles ≥ 20 (diameter < 10 mm) (must be confirmed by gynecological B-ultrasound or transrectal B-ultrasound) . c) . Biochemical hyperandrogenism (total testosterone > 1.67 mmol / L) or clinical hyperandrogenism (modified Ferriman-Galwey (mF-G) > 4) .
[0268] Exclusion criterial includes:
[0269] 1. Subject has a history of acute or chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic injury
[0270] 2. Subject has a personal or family history of medullary thyroid cancer or multiple endocrine neoplasia 2a or 2b
[0271] 3. Subject has a severe hypertriglyceridemia (TG greater than 5mmol / L)
[0272] 4. Subject has a history of type 1 or type 2 diabetes
[0273] 5. Subject has other endocrine diseases that can cause polycystic ovary changes, such as 21-hydroxylase deficiency, prolactinoma, hypothyroidism, Cushing's syndrome, etc.
[0274] 6. Subject is pregnant or is breastfeeding.
[0275] 7. Subject is suffering from other serious diseases or tumors of important organs such as heart, liver, and kidney
[0276] 8. the researcher believes that the subject has any other factors that may affect the efficacy or safety evaluation of this study and is not suitable for participating in this study
[0277] Primary study endpoints: free androgen index (FAI)
[0278] Secondary study endpoints: 1) number of regular menstrual cycles 2) number of antral follicles (less than 10 mm in diameter) in both ovaries 3) volume of both ovaries 4) luteinizing hormone (LH) , follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) , prolactin (PRL) , Estradiol (E2) , Progesterone (P) , Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEA-S) , Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) , 5) Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) index (calculated based on fasting blood glucose and fasting serum insulin) , glycosylated hemoglobin, blood lipids 6) Weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI, body fat percentage.
[0279] These parameters were measured prior to the treatment (baseline) (see Table 1) and at week 24 after treatment (See Table 2 below for some of the results at 6 months after treatment.
[0280] Table 1. Baseline characteristics of 19 patients.
[0281] Table 2.
[0282] As shown, patients after treatment have demonstrated a) a decrease of FTA, b) a decrease of bilateral antral follicle count, c) a decrease of AMH, d) an increase of SHBG, and e) a decrease in both HOMA-β and HOMA-IR. Example 3. The development of a mice PCOS model
[0283] The mouse polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) model is a critical for clinic PCOS research and treatment evaluation. Currently the models are induced by hormone or gene editing. The hormone-induced models involve exogenous administration of specific sex isotopes or steroid substances to establish a hyperandrogenic state, instructing them to exhibit pathological features as those of clinic PCOS. While the method of genetic modification is to target the related genes through gene editing technology, instructing it to reproduce the endocrine or metabolic abnormalities of PCOS in animals. However, those models have different problems limited their uses in industry for PCOS treatment evaluation. Such as letrozole induced models cannot fully reflect clinic PCOS phenotype or lack of stability with a trend of self-recovering during weeks of development. While genetic modification models often induced by single or few genes related to the disease, which cannot fully recapitulate this complex disorder.
[0284] Here we developed an PCOS mice model mimicked multiple PCOS phenotypes, including both endocrine and metabolic features, such as major hyperandrogenemia, estrous cycle disorders and ovarian morphological changes like those in humans, for potential treatment evaluation.
[0285] Two groups, blank group and model group, are set-up for PCOS model development. During the development, 35 mice in PCOS model group are continuously fed with high-fat diet (FHD) and daily received DHEA at a dose of 60 mg / kg via subcutaneously injection for 21 days. While five mice in blank group, served as blank control, are maintained with normal feed and received the same volume of sesame oil. The individual mice body weight in each group is daily recorded. The estrous cycle detection of each mice via vaginal smear are continuously performed through Day 14-Day 21 for PCOS evaluation. Mice serum was collected at the end of the study on Day 21 for sex hormone testing.
[0286] Mice body weight change in each group are presented in FIG. 2. Mice in model group exhibited a significant increase in body weight, with an average gain of 29.61%compared to the blank group. Serum testosterone, shown in FIG. 3, were significantly elevated in model group compared to blank group. Estrous cycle disruption, a hallmark feature of PCOS, are detected in this study as a standard to justify if the model is successfully set-up. In normal female mice, the estrous cycle spans approximately 4–5 days and consists of four successive and regular stages: proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and diestrus. In contrast, PCOS mice commonly display irregular or arrested estrous cycles, often remaining persistently in the estrus or diestrus stage, resulting in prolonged or disordered cycles. Estrous cycle monitoring results are shown in FIG. 4 (mice with normal cycles are highlighted with bold black borders) . Among the 35 mice in the model group, 30 mice exhibited clear estrous cycle abnormalities, corresponding to an incidence of 85.71%. Collectively, these results indicate that the subcutaneous administration of DHEA combined with a HFD successfully developed the mice PCOS model, which is characterized by increased body weight, elevated serum testosterone levels, and disrupted estrous cycles in female mice, closely resembling the clinical manifestations of human PCOS. Example 4. The efficacy of Mazdutide in PCOS mice model
[0287] The in vivo efficacy of Mazdutide on PCOS was further assessed using the model developed by the method as described in Example 3. Semaglutide, an FDA-approved GLP-1R agonist for obesity and diabetes, was used as a positive control in this study, with a clinic relevant dose at 10 nmol / kg (similar to its clinic dosage at 0.25mg for 75 Kg human body weight) . Three dosages (1, 3, 10 nmol / kg) of Mazdutide are used in this study, as the highest dosage at 10 nmol / kg demonstrates similar weight loss effect in mice compared with its clinic effect at 4.5-6 mg in human (around ~ 10%body weight loss) . Unlike other reported studies, our internal research found that the hormone-induced PCOS mice show a tendency of self-recovery from the symptoms (such as estrus cycles disruption, etc. ) immediately after no hormone administration, which may affect the efficacy evaluation for potential treatment. Thus, in our study we continuedgiving the mice DHEA and HFD fed during treatment.
[0288] Based on estrous cycle detection results and serum testosterone levels, 25 out of 30 mice, along with the 5 mice in blank group as described in Example 3, are further divided into 6 groups for the further study of the efficacy of Mazdutide on PCOS. Detailed group information is listed in Table 3. Both Semaglutide and Mazdutide were administered via subcutaneous injection once every three days for 30 days, with the first injection defined as Day 0. From Day 0, all modeled mice continued to receive daily subcutaneous injections of DHEA (60 mg / kg) to maintain the PCOS phenotype. The blank group continued to receive daily subcutaneous injections of sesame oil as control. Throughout the study, individual mice body weight was daily record, and estrous cycles were tracked for the last 8 days continuously from Day 21 to Day 28. At the study endpoint, mice were euthanized, and blood samples were collected for serum testosterone analysis. Table 3. Study design-treatment stage
[0289] Mice body weight changes in each group are shown in FIG. 5, unlike the results in other mice studies of Semaglutide or Mazdutide, no significant body weight reductions were observed in both treatment groups compared to vehicle group. Serum testosterone levels are presented in FIG. 6, modeled mice in vehicle group exhibited a significantly elevated serum testosterone levels compared with those in blank group, after 7 weeks of DHEA and HFD induction. Treatment with Mazdutide at 3 nmol / kg and 10 nmol / kg resulted in a marked reduction in serum testosterone levels, with the high-dose group showing a more significantly pronounced decrease. Estrous cycle detections of individual mice in each group are shown in FIG. 7. In vehicle group, 4 out of 5 mice exhibited abnormal estrous cycles, corresponding to a recovery rate of 20%. While in Semaglutide group, 2 mice showed restoration of normal estrous cycles (indicated by bold black borders in the figure) , resulting in a 40%recovery rate. For Mazdutide at 1, 3, 10 nmol / kg treatment groups, 2, 3, and 4 out of 5 mice exhibited normal estrous cycles respectively, corresponding to recovery rates of 40%, 60%, and 80%.
[0290] These results suggest that Mazdutide can effectively alleviates PCOS in mice, with a significant serum testosterone reduction and estrous cycle restoration with no obvious effect on body weight loss. Notably, Mazdutide at 10 nmol / kg, which is lower than clinic recommended dose, demonstrating superior efficacy than Semaglutide at clinic dose in PCOS treatment across all measured readouts, indicating a superior therapeutic effect in PCOS.
Claims
1.A method of treating polycystic ovary syndrome in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.2.A method of reducing serum testosterone in an individual, comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the individual has polycystic ovary syndrome.3.A method of improving the frequency, duration, and / or regularity of menstrual cycles in an individual, comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the individual has polycystic ovary syndrome.4.Use of a composition comprising Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in preparing a medicament for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome in an individual.5.Use of a composition comprising Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in preparing a medicament for reducing serum testosterone in an individual, wherein the individual has polycystic ovary syndrome.6.Use of a composition comprising Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in preparing a medicament for improving the frequency, duration, and / or regularity of menstrual cycles in an individual, wherein the individual has polycystic ovary syndrome.7.The method or use of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the individual is a human.8.The method or use of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the individual is a female.9.The method or use of claim 8, wherein the female has oligoovulation.10.The method or use of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the individual has a BMI of at least 28 kg / m2.11.The method or use of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the individual has a BMI of less than 28 kg / m2.12.The method or use of any one of claims 1-9 and 11, wherein the individual has a BMI of at least 24 kg / m2.13.The method or use of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the individual has a fasting plasma glucose level of at least 6.1 mmol / L.14.The method or use of any one of claims 1-13, wherein the individual has a HbA1c no more than 6.5%.15.The method or use of any one of claims 1-14, wherein the individual is insulin resistant.16.The method or use of any one of claims 1-14, wherein the individual is not insulin resistant.17.The method or use of any one of claims 1-16, wherein the individual does not have diabetes.18.The method or use of any one of claims 1-16, wherein the individual has a diabetes.19.The method or use of claim 18, wherein the individual has a Type I diabetes.20.The method or use of claim 18, wherein the individual has a Type II diabetes.21.The method or use of any one of claims 1-20, wherein Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a dose of about 2 mg to about 15 mg, about 2 mg to about 12 mg, or about 2 mg to about 10 mg.22.The method or use of any one of claims 1-21, wherein Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a dose of about 3 mg to about 9 mg.23.The method or use of any one of claims 1-22, wherein Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a dose of about 2 mg to about 6 mg.24.The method or use of any one of claims 1-21, wherein Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a dose of about 2 mg.25.The method or use of any one of claims 1-21, wherein Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a dose of about 3 mg.26.The method or use of any one of claims 1-21, wherein Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a dose of about 4 mg.27.The method or use of any one of claims 1-21, wherein Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a dose of about 6 mg.28.The method or use of any one of claims 1-21, wherein Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a dose of about 9 mg.29.The method or use of any one of claims 1-28, wherein Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual once per week.30.The method or use of claim 29, wherein Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual about once weekly for about 4 weeks.31.The method or use of claim 30, wherein Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual about once weekly for about 8, 12, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46 or 48 weeks.32.The method or use of any one of claims 1-20, wherein Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual at a dose of about 2 mg once weekly for 4 weeks followed by being administered at a dose of 4 mg once weekly for at least about 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40 or 44 weeks.33.The method or use of any one of claims 1-20, wherein Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the individual at a dose of about 2 mg once weekly for 4 weeks, followed by being administered at a dose of 4 mg once weekly for 4 weeks, and further followed by being administered at a dose of 6 mg once weekly for at least about 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, or 40 weeks.34.The method or use of any one of claims 1-33, wherein the method further comprises administering a second agent or therapy.35.The method or use of claim 34, wherein the second agent or therapy comprises metformin.36.The method or use of claim 34 or claim 35, wherein the second agent or therapy comprises a Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor.37.The method or use of claim 36, wherein the SGLT2 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, canagliflozin, ertugliflozin, sotagliflozin, ipragliflozin, tofogliflozin, luseogliflozin, bexagliflozin, and remogloflozin.38.The method or use of any one of claims 1-37, wherein the individual has a reduced androgen level after treatment relative to the androgen level prior to treatment.39.The method or use of claim 38, wherein the androgen is testosterone.40.The method or use of claim 38 or claim 39, wherein the androgen level is reduced by at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50%.41.The method or use of any one of claims 1-40, wherein the individual has an improved frequency of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the frequency of menstrual cycles prior to treatment.42.The method or use of any one of claims 1-41, wherein the individual has an improved duration of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the duration of menstrual cycles prior to treatment.43.The method or use of any one of claims 1-42, wherein the individual has an improved regularity of menstrual cycles after treatment relative to the regularity of menstrual cycles prior to treatment.44.A method of studying, assessing, or evaluating the safety and / or effectiveness of a test drug for treating PCOS or reducing a PCOS-associated symptom ( “test drug” ) in an animal, comprising:a) establishing PCOS associated symptoms in an animal, comprising administration of an agent for inducing PCOS-associated symptoms ( “PCOS-inducing agent” ) , and subsequently,b) administering into the animal a) the test drug, and b) an agent that promotes a hormone ( “hormone-promoting agent” ) in the animal.45.A method of studying, assessing, or evaluating the safety and / or effectiveness of a test drug for treating PCOS or reducing a PCOS-associated symptom in an animal, comprising administering into the animal a) an agent that promotes a hormone ( “hormone-promoting agent” ) in the animal, and b) the test drug, wherein the animal has one or more PCOS-associated symptoms prior to the administration of the hormone-promoting agent and / or the test drug.46.A method for establishing an animal model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) , comprising the following steps:a) subcutaneously administering dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) at a dose of 60 mg / kg daily to 3-4-week-old C57BL / 6 mice for 3 weeks;b) feeding the mice a high-fat diet; and / orc) monitoring the estrous cycle from Day 14 to Day 20 of modeling and evaluating PCOS phenotypes by measuring serum testosterone levels at the endpoint.47.A PCOS animal model or animal established by the method of claim 46.48.A method for screening or evaluating a PCOS therapeutic drug using the PCOS animal model of claim 47, comprising the following steps:a) subcutaneously administering a test drug to the successfully modeled PCOS mice every 3 days for 30 days;b) monitoring changes in body weight and estrous cycle; and / orc) evaluating drug efficacy by measuring serum testosterone levels at the endpoint.
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