System for super intensive farming of aquaculture animals

Abstract

The current system relates to a SIF (Super Intensive Farming) system for aquaculture wherein said system comprises one or more cells, each cell comprising one or more raceways wherein each raceway comprises one or more flow-generating mechanisms, wherein said one or more raceways each comprise an oval-shaped basin, wherein said basin is lined by an inner wall and an outer wall and comprises a bottom portion positioned between the inner and the outer walls, and wherein said one or more raceways has a hollow centre delineated by the inner wall of the basin.

Description

[0001] SYSTEM FOR SUPER INTENSIVE FARMING OF AQUACULTURE ANIMALS

[0002] FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The invention represents a significant advancement in sustainable aquaculture and animal husbandry. It focuses on cultivating aquatic species in a controlled environment, utilizing a uniquely designed recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) in a raceway setup. This innovative approach ensures optimal growth conditions for the aquatic species, incorporating environmental engineering, water treatment, and animal welfare elements. The system strongly focuses on maintaining optimal water quality, efficient feeding mechanisms, and ensuring the overall health and welfare of the aquatic species, thereby addressing concerns about animal welfare in traditional aquaculture systems.

[0004] BACKGROUND

[0005] Aquaculture has contributed to the global food supply, driven by a growing demand for aquatic animals, including fish and crustaceans. Traditional aquaculture systems often involve the use of large, deep tanks or open-water pens to cultivate these species. These systems, however, have several inherent challenges. For instance, they usually require substantial land and water resources. Additionally, maintaining optimal conditions within these environments can be challenging, given the large volumes of water and the difficulty in uniformly distributing heat, oxygen, and feed. Moreover, these systems often struggle with waste management, leading to pollution and disease outbreaks. The traditional systems also have limitations in terms of animal welfare, as the conditions in these systems can lead to stress and aggressive behavior among the farmed species. Furthermore, the cost of operation and maintenance of these traditional systems is high, including the cost of feed, oxygen, electricity, and other operational costs. Lastly, these systems are often unsustainable, as they contribute to environmental degradation and are not aligned with the United Nations Development Goals or the European Green Deal. Therefore, there is a need for an improved aquaculture system that addresses these challenges. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0006] The invention pertains to an intensive farming technology system for aquatic animals, which allows fish to be sustainably stocked in modular Cells up to 200 kg / m2in 99% recirculated water. Less than 10% of the system water is supplemented daily by new water from external sources. The system comprises a a plurality of raceways organized in Cells each equipped with a recirculation aquaculture system (RAS) wherein the Cells may be stacked vertically on levels.

[0007] The RAS units include a drum filter, bioreactors (aerobic and anaerobic), a CO? stripper, and a protein skimmer. The system is designed to create a one-way current with a continuous velocity optimal for the farmed species.

[0008] The system also incorporates a speed pump to generate the current, UV or nanofiltration for disease prevention, oxygen nanobubbles injectors for optimal oxygen levels, and a system for feeding with floating pellets.

[0009] The invention is designed for automation, with sensors for real-time monitoring of critical parameters.

[0010] Raising aquatic animals in this system enhances overall health and welfare, improves growth and survivability, and increases productivity and profitability.

[0011] DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

[0012] Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a SIF system comprising a Cell with multiple raceways and an RAS unit system according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0013] Figure 2 shows a detailed representation of a RAS system, according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0014] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0015] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used in disclosing the invention, including technical and scientific terms, have the meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Employing further guidance, term definitions are included to better appreciate the present invention's teaching.

[0016] As used herein, the following terms have the following meanings:

[0017] "A", "an", and "the" as used herein refer to both singular and plural referents unless the context dictates otherwise. By way of example, "a compartment" refers to one or more than one compartment.

[0018] "About" as used herein refers to a measurable value such as a parameter, an amount, a temporal duration, and the like, is meant to encompass variations of + / - 20% or less, preferably + / -10% or less, more preferably + / -5% or less, even more preferably + / -1% or less, and still more preferably + / -0.1% or less of and from the specified value, insofar as such variations are appropriate to perform in the disclosed invention. However, it is to be understood that the value to which the modifier "about" refers is itself also specifically disclosed.

[0019] "Comprise", "comprising", "comprises" and "comprised of" as used herein are synonymous with "include", "including", "includes" or "contain", "containing", "contains" and are inclusive or open-ended terms that specify the presence of what follows, e.g., component and do not exclude or preclude the presence of additional, non-recited components, features, elements, members, steps, known in the art or disclosed therein.

[0020] Furthermore, the terms first, second, third, and the like in the description and the claims are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order unless specified. It is understood that the terms used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances and that the embodiments of the invention described herein can operate in sequences other than those described or illustrated herein.

[0021] The recitation of numerical ranges by endpoints includes all numbers and fractions subsumed within that range and the recited endpoints.

[0022] The expression "% by weight", "weight percent", "%wt" or "wt%", here and throughout the description unless otherwise defined, refers to the relative weight of the respective component based on the overall weight of the formulation. Whereas the terms "one or more" or "at least one", such as one or more or at least one member(s) of a group of members, is clear per se, by means of further exemplification, the term encompasses inter alia a reference to any one of said members, or to any two or more of said members, such as, e.g., any >3, >4, >5, >6 or >7 etc. of said members, and up to all said members.

[0023] "Range" as used herein refers to a measurable value such as a parameter, an amount, a temporal duration, and the like, and it covers all possible numbers or combinations of numbers indicated by the range used in any combination.

[0024] The term "raceway system" refers in the present invention to a containment system for aquatic animals, divided into several Cells suitable for holding both water and aquatic animals, wherein each Cell comprises one or more interconnected raceways and a recirculation aquaculture system (RAS). Each Cell constitutes a level of the raceway system, and all raceways on a level are connected to a recirculation aquaculture system (RAS) via a main loop. In some embodiments, the Cells are stacked vertically, forming a multi-level structure. In other embodiments, the Cells are positioned side-by-side on the same level. In yet other embodiments, a combination of stacked and side-by-side Cells is employed, enabling greater modularity and scalability in the design. The system includes a speed pump, which generates a one-way current with a continuous velocity of between 0.3 and 2 fish body lengths per second (BL / sec). The term "RAS" refers to a recirculation aquaculture system, which is a system that recirculates the water in the raceways. The RAS can include at least one drum filter, one or more biofilters, at least one CO? stripper, and at least one protein skimmer.

[0025] The term "drum filter", as used in this invention, denotes a type of filtration equipment that operates by rotating a drum immersed in water, trapping particles of waste materials on its surface, and removing them from the system. Thus, the drum filter helps maintain optimal water conditions in the aquaculture environment.

[0026] The term "bioreactor" in the present invention refers to a biological filtering system that utilizes naturally occurring nitrifying bacteria to convert harmful ammonia and nitrite produced by fish waste into less toxic nitrate.

[0027] In this disclosure, "CO2 stripper" refers to a part of the aquaculture system that regulates carbon dioxide levels in the water. It ensures the removal of excess CO2 thereby supporting the health and growth of aquatic species within the system. The term "protein skimmer" in the present invention refers to a device used in aquaculture systems that removes organic compounds, including proteins and amino acids, from the water using foam fractionation.

[0028] The term "speed pump" refers to a device that generates a one-way current in the raceway. The term "one-way current" refers to a current that flows in one direction.

[0029] The term "continuous velocity" within the scope of this invention refers to the constant speed of water circulation in the raceways, which is automatically controlled to provide optimal conditions for the growth, feeding, and overall welfare of the farmed fish species.

[0030] The term "raceway" in the present disclosure refers to a specially designed aquaculture tank, typically shallow and elongated, where water circulates in a controlled manner mimicking a river current. This raceway facilitates optimal growth conditions for aquatic species by allowing them to swim continuously against the current.

[0031] The term "basin", in the current disclosure, relates to a contained space specifically suitable for holding water and fish.

[0032] The term "incoming" or "makeup water" interchangeably used herein, relates to natural water sourced from the sea or other natural water bodies, used to replenish and maintain optimal water quality in the raceways.

[0033] The term "level" in the context of this invention refers to the individual layers or tiers in the shelving system of the velodrome-designed shallow raceways. Each level can independently house a set of raceways for aquaculture farming.

[0034] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used in disclosing the invention, including technical and scientific terms, have the meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. By means of further guidance, definitions for the terms used in the description are included to better appreciate the teaching of the present invention. The terms or definitions used herein are provided solely to aid in the understanding of the invention. Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment, but they may. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner, as would be apparent to a person skilled in the art from this disclosure in one or more embodiments. Furthermore, while some embodiments described herein include some, but not other features included in other embodiments, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention and form different embodiments, as would be understood by those in the art. For example, in the following claims, any of the claimed embodiments can be used in any combination.

[0035] The current disclosure relates to a Super Intensive Farming (SIF) system for aquaculture wherein said system comprises one or more Cells, wherein each Cell comprises one or more raceways and one or more flow-generating mechanisms, wherein said one or more raceways each comprise an oval-shaped basin, wherein said basin is lined by an inner wall and an outer wall and comprises a bottom portion positioned between the inner and the outer walls, and wherein said one or more raceways has a hollow centre delineated by the inner wall of the basin.

[0036] The SIF system is designed to provide a continuous water flow at a controlled velocity, creating a river-like environment for the aquatic species. This controlled velocity is maintained to simulate a natural habitat, thereby reducing stress and promoting the well-being of the aquatic species. This, in turn, enhances the overall health and quality of aquatic species. Surprisingly, fish cultured in the SIF system described herein exhibit traits akin to those found in wild fish, including robust, lean bodies and exceptional health. The raceways replicate natural swimming conditions, prompting increased fish activity compared to static aquaculture systems, resulting in higher levels of muscle mass development.

[0037] This is achieved by incorporating a flow-generating mechanism that maintains an optimal water current speed within the aquaculture system.

[0038] Each Cell of the system as disclosed herein comprises one or more raceways, each comprising an oval-shaped basin, wherein said basin is lined by an inner wall and an outer wall and comprises a bottom portion positioned between the inner and the outer walls, and wherein said one or more raceways has a hollow centre delineated by the inner wall of the basin. The raceways are preferably velodrome-shaped with a horizontal floor and curved ends. The basins are designed to mimic the continuous, curved layout of a velodrome cycling track which promotes efficient water flow, optimal space utilization, and enhanced swimming conditions for the cultivated fish.

[0039] The oval or velodrome shape promotes better water flow and circulation within the raceway compared to traditional rectangular or circular designs. This helps maintain consistent water quality throughout the system. The continuous flow pattern in oval or velodrome-shaped raceways minimizes stagnant areas or dead zones where waste or pathogens could accumulate, thereby improving overall water quality and fish health. This makes them easier to clean and maintain, reducing labor and operational costs over time.

[0040] The continuous oval shape encourages natural swimming behaviors in fish, allowing them to swim more freely and exercise their muscles, which contributes to healthier growth.

[0041] In some embodiments, the basins are made of concrete, fibreglass, High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), or metal such as stainless steel.

[0042] In embodiments, of the system as disclosed herein, the raceways comprise a plurality of inlet and outlet points. In some embodiments, the inlet and outlet points are placed at equidistance.

[0043] In preferred embodiments, the raceways comprise between 2 and 10 inlet points and between 2 and 10 outlet points. The raceways have preferably between 2 and 9, between 2 and 8, between 2 and 7, between 2 and 6, between 2 and 5, between 2 and 4, or between 2 and 3 inlet points and / or outlet points.

[0044] Alternatively, the raceways comprise between 3 and 10, between 4 and 10, between 5 and 10, between 6 and 10, between 7 and 10, between 8 and 10, or between 9 and 10 inlet points and / or outlet points.

[0045] In yet another alternative embodiment, the raceways comprise between 2 and 9, between 3 and 8, between 1 and 5, between 5 and 10, between 5 and 8, or between 4 and 6 inlet points and / or outlet points. The plurality of inlet points and outlet points ensures that the system can operate with high volumes of water, up to 500 m3in each Cell, which is continuously purified. Multiple inlet and outlet points facilitate better water circulation throughout the raceway. This helps in distributing oxygen, nutrients, and other essential elements evenly to the fish, promoting their health and growth. By ensuring uniform distribution of water throughout the basin, multiple inlet and outlet points help maintain consistent water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen levels. This reduces the likelihood of localized areas with poor water quality that could adversely affect fish health.

[0046] In further embodiments, the inlet points and outlet points are positioned on the bottom portion of the basin at intervals ranging between 10 m and 20 m.

[0047] Each inlet or outlet point preferably comprises a pipe with multiple taps spaced along its length. These taps can be adjustable valves or nozzles that control the flow of water into or out of the raceway.

[0048] In some embodiments, the system as disclosed herein, is designed to optimize space for increased production efficiency. To this end, in some embodiments of the system, the plurality of Cells are stacked up on a vertical line, each Cell constituting a level. In some embodiments of the system, as disclosed herein, the Cells are stacked on 2 to 12 levels. This multi-level design allows for a substantial increase in the production capacity within the same physical space, eliminating the need for physical expansion of the facility. The raceways are preferably arranged in a stacked configuration, which maximizes the use of vertical space and allows for easier monitoring and maintenance of each raceway. This preferred embodiment provides a sustainable and economically viable solution for large-scale aquaculture production.

[0049] The preferred range of levels in a system is between 2 and 12 levels of Cells. More preferably, a raceway has between 3 and 10 levels, even more preferably between 4 and 8 levels, and most preferably between 5 and 7 levels.

[0050] Alternatively, a raceway has between 3 and 12 levels, 4 and 12 levels, 5 and 12 levels, 6 and 12 levels, 7 and 12 levels, 8 and 12 levels, 9 and 12 levels, 10 and 12 levels, or 11 and 12 levels. In yet another alternative embodiment, a raceway has between 1 and 11 levels, 1 and 10 levels, 1 and 9 levels, 1 and 8 levels, 1 and 7 levels, 1 and 6 levels, 1 and 5 levels, 1 and 4 levels, or 1 and 3 levels.

[0051] A level in the system is designed to house a specific stage of the aquatic animal's lifecycle, allowing for a streamlined and efficient production process. The multi-level design also facilitates the separation of different species or different growth stages of the same species, reducing the risk of disease transmission and improving overall animal welfare.

[0052] In other embodiments, the Cells are arranged horizontally adjacent to one another in a side-by-side configuration. In other embodiments, the Cells are arranged in mixed configurations of vertically staked Cells and horizontally adjacent Cells.

[0053] Optimal space utilization in the SIF system is not limited to the number of levels in each raceway. Other aspects of the system design, such as the shape and size of the raceways, the configuration of the recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), and the arrangement of other components within the facility, also contribute to maximizing space utilization and system efficiency. These aspects are preferably designed and arranged to allow easy access for maintenance and monitoring, efficient flow of water and nutrients, and optimal living conditions for aquatic animals.

[0054] In embodiments of the system, as disclosed herein, a Cell comprises a plurality of raceways. In some embodiments, a Cell comprises between 1 and 5 raceways. A Cell may comprise between 1 and 10 raceways, between 2 and 10 raceways, between 3 and 10 raceways, between 4 and 10 raceways, between 5 and 10 raceways, between 6 and 10 raceways, between 7 and 10 raceways, between 8 and 10 raceways, or between 9 and 10 raceways.

[0055] Alternatively, a Cell comprises between 1 and 9 raceways, between 1 and 8 raceways, between 1 and 7 raceways, between 1 and 6 raceways, between 1 and 5 raceways, between 1 and 4 raceways, between 1 and 3 raceways, or between 1 and 2 raceways.

[0056] In yet another alternative embodiment, a Cell comprises between 2 and 8, between 3 and 7, or between 4 and 5 raceways. In an embodiment, a Cell comprises between 1 and 16 raceways, such as between 2 and 15 raceways, between 3 and 14 raceways, between 4 and 13 raceways, between 5 and 12 raceways, between 6 and 11 raceways, between 7 and 10 raceways, or between 8 and 9 raceways.

[0057] In some embodiments, the system has between 1 and 100 raceways, between 20 and 90 raceways, between 30 and 80 raceways, between 40 and 70 raceways, or between 50 and 60 raceways. Alternatively, the system has between 1 and 20 raceways, between 5 and 15 raceways or between 5 and 10 raceways.

[0058] The inclusion of multiple raceways in the system for aquaculture offers significant modularity advantages, including scalability, operational flexibility, resource optimization, and enhanced maintenance and risk management.

[0059] The raceway is designed in such a way that it provides a large surface area for the water body. This allows for more efficient gas exchange, including the vital exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The height of the basins, typically between 5 cm and 50 cm, also aids in this efficient gas exchange as it accommodates shallow water depths. In some embodiments, the height of the basins is between 2 cm and cm, more preferably between 3 cm and 55 cm, more preferably between 4 cm and 50 cm, more preferably between 5 cm and 45 cm, more preferably between 5 cm and 40 cm, more preferably between 10 cm and 30 cm, most preferably between 15 cm and 25 cm.

[0060] Alternatively, the height of the basins is between 5 cm and 45 cm, between 5 cm and 40 cm, between 5 cm and 35 cm, between 5 cm and 25 cm, between 5 cm and 20 cm, between 5 cm and 15 cm, or between 5 cm and 10 cm.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment, the height of a basin is between 5 cm and 50 cm.

[0062] In yet another alternative embodiment, the height of the basins is between 10 cm and 50 cm, between 15 cm and 50 cm, between 20 cm and 50 cm, between 25 cm and 50 cm, between 30 cm and 50 cm, between 35 cm and 50 cm, between 40 cm and 50 cm, or between 45 cm and 50 cm.

[0063] The basins are used for shallow-water aquaculture. Water depths between 5 cm and 10 cm are preferred for aquatic species weighing less than 10 g. A water depth between 35 cm and 45 cm is preferred for aquatic species weighing above 2000 g. As disclosed herein, the system with a flow-generating mechanism generates a oneway current with a continuous velocity that enhances the water flow within the raceways. In preferred embodiments, each raceway in a Cell comprises at least one flow-generating mechanism.

[0064] In preferred embodiments, the flow-generating mechanism is configured to generate a one-way current with a continuous velocity of between 0.3 and 3 fish body lengths per second (BL / sec).

[0065] In the present invention, "body lengths per second (BL / sec)" refers to the velocity of the flow-generating mechanism and represents the velocity at which a fish or other aquatic species moves in the water current based on the length of the aquatic animal being cultivated. The number of body lengths value measures the speed the organism can traverse in one second. Therefore the BL / sec varies in function of the aquatic animal species grown in the system. The constant water current velocity encourages the captive aquatic species to swim continuously, promoting their overall health and vitality. Notably, the continuous water current velocity can be adjusted according to the specific needs and requirements of the cultivated aquatic species, thereby providing a highly adaptable and flexible aquaculture solution.

[0066] The continuous water current velocity generated by the flow-generating mechanism is preferably between 0.1 and 3.0 BL / sec, more preferably between 0.2 and 2.8 BL / sec, more preferably between 0.3 and 2.5 BL / sec, more preferably between 0.4 and 2 BL / sec, more preferably between 0.5 and 1.8 BL / sec, more preferably between 0.6 and 1.5 BL / sec, or most preferably between 0.7 and 1.2 BL / sec.

[0067] Alternatively, the velocity generated by the flow-generating mechanism is between 0.3 and 2.9 BL / sec, between 0.3 and 2.5 BL / sec, between 0.3 and 2 BL / sec, between 0.3 and 1.9 BL / sec, between 0.3 and 1.8 BL / sec, between 0.3 and 1.7 BL / sec, between 0.3 and 1.6 BL / sec, between 0.3 and 1.5 BL / sec, between 0.3 and 1.4 BL / sec, between 0.3 and 1.3 BL / sec, between 0.3 and 1.2 BL / sec, between 0.3 and 1.1 BL / sec, between 0.3 and 1 BL / sec, between 0.3 and 0.9 BL / sec, between 0.3 and 0.8 BL / sec, between 0.3 and 0.7 BL / sec, between 0.3 and 0.6 BL / sec, between 0.3 and 0.5 BL / sec, or between 0.3 and 0.4 BL / sec.

[0068] In yet another alternative embodiment, the velocity generated by the flowgenerating mechanism is between 0.4 and 3 BL / sec, between 0.5 and 3 BL / sec, between 0.6 and 3 BL / sec, between 0.7 and 3 BL / sec, between 0.8 and 3 BL / sec, between 0.9 and 3 BL / sec, between 1 and 3 BL / sec, between 1.1 and 3 BL / sec, between 1.2 and 3 BL / sec, between 1.3 and 3 BL / sec, between 1.4 and 3 BL / sec, between 1.5 and 3 BL / sec, between 1.6 and 3 BL / sec, between 1.7 and 3 BL / sec, between 1.8 and 3 BL / sec, between 1.9 and 3 BL / sec, between 2 and 3 BL / sec, between 2.5 and 3 BL / sec, or between 2.9 and 3 BL / sec.

[0069] The body length per second value can be converted to an absolute velocity (m / s) using the following formula:

[0070] Velocity (m / s)= (Fish body length (cm)) / 100x fraction of BL / sec.

[0071] In some embodiments, the the velocity generated by the flow-generating mechanism is between is between 0.03 m / s and 1.5 m / s. In embodiments said velocity is between 0.03 m / s and 1.4 m / s, 0.03 m / s and 1.3 m / s, 0.03 m / s and 1.2 m / s, 0.03 m / s and 1.1 m / s, 0.03 m / s and 1.0 m / s, 0.03 m / s and 0.9 m / s, 0.03 m / s and 0.8 m / s, 0.03 m / s and 0.7 m / s, 0.03 m / s and 0.6 m / s, 0.03 m / s and 0.5 m / s, 0.03 m / s and 0.4 m / s, 0.03 m / s and 0.3 m / s, 0.03 m / s and 0.2 m / s, or 0.03 m / s and 0.1 m / s.

[0072] In some embodiments, the velocity generated by the flow-generating mechanism is between 0.03 m / s and 1.5 m / s, 0.1 m / s and 1.5 m / s, 0.2 m / s and 1.5 m / s, 0.3 m / s and 1.5 m / s, 0.4 m / s and 1.5 m / s, 0.5 m / s and 1.5 m / s, 0.6 m / s and 1.5 m / s, 0.7 m / s and 1.5 m / s, 0.8 m / s and 1.5 m / s, 0.9 m / s and 1.5 m / s, 1.0 m / s and 1.5 m / s, 1.1 m / s and 1.5 m / s, 1.2 m / s and 1.5 m / s, 1.3 m / s and 1.5 m / s, or 1.4 m / s and 1.5 m / s.

[0073] In some embodiments, the water speed might oscillate between the different speed levels disclosed in the previous embodiments. In such an embodiment, the current pattern can alternate between a lower speed, for relaxation and / or a higher speed, for trim.

[0074] This range of velocities caters to the varying swimming capabilities of different aquatic species, thereby ensuring that the optimal water current speed is maintained for each specific species. The ability to adjust the water current speed within these ranges allows for the cultivation of a wide variety of aquatic species, thereby increasing the versatility and applicability of the aquaculture system. In an embodiment, the flow-generating mechanism is selected from speed pumps, aerator pumps, water jets, venturi systems, propeller pumps, air lift pumps, peristaltic pumps, magnetic drive pumps, gravity-fed systems, water wheel systems, or wave generators, preferably speed pumps.

[0075] The constant water current velocity promotes the health and vitality of the captive aquatic species and enhances their overall performance. This is achieved by encouraging the aquatic species to swim continuously, stimulating muscle growth, enhancing cardiovascular health, and improving overall fitness. The constant water current velocity also promotes a more uniform distribution of the aquatic species within the aquaculture system, thereby reducing overcrowding and competition for resources. This, in turn, reduces stress levels among the captive aquatic species, further enhancing their overall health and performance.

[0076] In addition to the health benefits, the constant water current velocity provides significant operational advantages. By maintaining a continuous water current speed, the aquaculture system can ensure a more uniform distribution of nutrients and oxygen, thereby promoting optimal growth conditions. Furthermore, the constant water current velocity can help to prevent the accumulation of waste and debris within the aquaculture system, thereby reducing the need for manual cleaning and maintenance.

[0077] The oval shape of the basins, combined with the flow-generating mechanisms, synergistically enhances fish fitness and promotes clean water maintenance while minimizing energy and water consumption, as well as waste production.

[0078] Each Cell of the system, as disclosed herein, comprises a Recirculation Aquaculture System (RAS). Said RAS preferably comprises a common loop, a side loop, and a water inlet loop, wherein the common loop connects one or more raceways to the RAS.

[0079] In some embodiments of the raceway system, as disclosed herein, the RAS comprises:

[0080] - at least one drum filter

[0081] - at least one aerobic bioreactor

[0082] - at least one anaerobic bioreactor

[0083] - at least one, preferably at least two CO2 stripper at least one protein skimmer - at least one ozone disinfection system at least one UV filter or nanofilter

[0084] These components collectively contribute to an efficient water treatment process. This process is distinctly advantageous as it effectively eliminates undesirable and detrimental substances such as ammonia, nitrite, and dissolved proteins. The outcome of this process is the production of high-quality water that is ideally suited for aquaculture. This, in turn, enhances the health and growth rates of the farmed species, which is a significant advantage.

[0085] The water from the raceway basins flows through the outlet points into the RAS system. Within the RAS system, a common loop distributes the water to its various components.

[0086] Preferably, the water flows first into the drum filter. The at least one drum filter is designed to remove solid waste particles from the water, thereby reducing the load on the aerobic bioreactor and improving water clarity. In some embodiments, depending on fish density and water volume, the RAS system comprises 2, 3, 4, or 5, drum filters. The drum filter removes particles having a size of over 50 pm.

[0087] After the solids are removed, the water flows further and is delivered to the bioreactors. A range of 95 to 99% of the water coming from the drum filter flows through the common loop to the aerobic bioreactor. Alternatively, maximum 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 99.5% of the water coming from the drum filter flows through the aerobic bioreactor. The one or more aerobic bioreactors are designed to convert harmful ammonia and nitrite into less toxic nitrate through a biological process, thereby maintaining a healthy environment for the farmed species. In some embodiments, the RAS system comprises 2 to 4 aerobic bioreactors, depending on the fish load and the quantity of feed supplied. After the removal of the ammonia, the water further flows to the protein skimmer through the common loop.

[0088] About 1% of the water coming from the drum filter flows through a side loop to the anaerobic bioreactor. Alternatively, at least 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, or 5% of the water coming from the drum filter flows through said side loop. In yet another alternative embodiment, between 1% and 5%, preferably between 1% and 4%, more preferably between 1% and 3%, more preferably between 1% and 2%, even more preferably between 0.5% and 1% of the water coming from the drum filter flows through said side loop. In a further embodiment, said side loop comprises at least one anaerobic biofilter. Alternatively, said side loop comprises a plurality of biofilters such as 2 or 3.

[0089] The anaerobic bioreactor effectively reduces the nitrate levels in the recirculating water. This process oxidizes nitrate to nitrogen gas, maintaining a stable alkalinity level in the system's water volume. After the nitrate is removed, the water returns to the drum filter through the side loop. The system maintains a nitrate level of below 70 mg / l.

[0090] After ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate are removed by the aerobic biofilter and the anaerobic biofilter, the water flows to the protein skimmer. The protein skimmers remove dissolved proteins, H2S and other organic compounds from the water, thereby reducing the risk of disease outbreaks and improving water quality. In some embodiments, the RAS system comprises 2 to 4 protein skimmers, depending on the fish load and the quantity of feed supplied.

[0091] Preferably, the protein skimmer is connected to the ozone disinfection system. In this way, after the removal of the proteins, ozone is injected into the common loop

[0092] The one or more ozone disinfection systems are preferably configured to treat the recirculating water passing through the common loop with ozone. The ozone breaks down residual organic compounds and H2S, thereby improving the clarity of the water recirculated through the RAS system.

[0093] Preferably, an ozone treatment is integrated into the protein skimmers. In preferred embodiments, the side loop comprises one anaerobic protein skimmer that removes proteins from the water coming from the anaerobic biofilter. In preferred embodiments, both the aerobic biofilter and the anaerobic biofilter are integrated with a protein skimmer and an ozone treatment. The ozone level is strictly controlled to ensure that it effectively reduces harmful organisms while not harming the farmed species. The ozone level may be adjusted based on factors such as the species being farmed, the density of the microorganisms in the system that might require disinfection, and the overall water quality.

[0094] In more preferred embodiments, the ozone treatment process is automated. Sensors are installed to monitor the water quality and adjust the ozone level accordingly. This automation ensures that the ozone treatment is continuously operating at optimal levels, further enhancing the health and well-being of the farmed species and the system's overall efficiency.

[0095] The operating parameters of the ozone treatment process are preferably in the range of between 0.1 and 25 mg / L, more preferably between 0.5 and 20 mg / L, more preferably between 1 and 15 mg / L, more preferably between 2.5 and 5 mg / L, most preferably between 0.2 and 0.8 mg / L. Ozone levels of between 1 and 15mg / L prevent flocculation, while ranges between 0.2 and 0.8 mg / L are aimed at disinfection. These ranges ensure that the ozone effectively reduces harmful organisms while not harming the farmed species.

[0096] After the proteins have been removed from the water and ozone is added, the water flows to the CO? strippers. The carbon dioxide strippers remove excess carbon dioxide from the water, thereby maintaining a healthy pH level and promoting better fish health and growth. In some embodiments, the RAS system comprises 2 to 4 CO2 strippers, depending on the fish load and the quantity of feed supplied.

[0097] After the removal of CO2, the water goes through automated temperature regulation before it returns through the common loop to the raceways. The purified water is returned to the raceway basins through the inlet points. Preferably, oxygen nanobubbles are injected into the main loop by multiple injectors before the water flows into the basins.

[0098] In a preferred embodiment, the system disclosed herein utilizes UV or nanofiltration systems to purify the incoming or makeup water. Incorporating these filtration systems significantly enhances the health and growth of aquatic animals by drastically reducing the likelihood of disease outbreaks. This is particularly beneficial in a high-density farming environment, where disease can quickly spread and cause substantial losses. The filtration systems preferably operate continuously, ensuring a consistently high level of water quality and providing an optimal environment for the aquatic animals.

[0099] The filtration systems may also include features for monitoring and adjusting the filtration process to optimize performance and maintain the desired water quality parameters.

[0100] The UV filtration system preferably operates within a wavelength range of 200-300 nm, more preferably between 250-280 nm, and most preferably at around 265 nm. This range is known to be most effective for inactivating microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites, that can be harmful to aquatic animals.

[0101] The nanofiltration system operates with a pore size in the range of 1 to 10 nm, more preferably between 2-8 nm, more preferably between 3-7 nm, most preferably around 5 nm. This allows for removing even the tiniest particles and contaminants, further enhancing the water quality in the super-intensive farming system.

[0102] The skilled person would know that the number of drum filters, aerobic and anaerobic bioreactors, protein skimmers, ozone disinfection systems, UV filters, and CO? strippers may be adapted according to the RAS's capacity and the specific requirements of the aquatic animal species.

[0103] Preferably each Cell of the system has a RAS unit. By installing a RAS unit for every Cell, which form up to 8 levels, the need to lift makeup water between levels is significantly reduced. Additionally, the highly efficient RAS system allows for extensive water reuse, requiring only a 5% addition of makeup water.

[0104] In an embodiment of the system, each Cell comprises a plurality of oxygen nanobubble injectors and sensors for oxygen level detection. These components are not mandatory, but their inclusion significantly benefits the fish's physiological functioning and overall health. The oxygen nanobubble injectors are designed to disperse oxygen in nanobubbles, tiny bubbles with diameters measured in nanometers. This oxygenation method is particularly effective in aquaculture environments, as nanobubbles have a high surface-to-volume ratio, allowing more oxygen to be dissolved in the water than traditional methods. Nanobubble technology ensures higher stability and availability of oxygen to the animals and continuous and uniform oxygen distribution.

[0105] The oxygen sensors, preferably located throughout the raceway system, continuously monitor the oxygen levels in the water. These sensors may relay data to a central processing unit, which can adjust the output of the oxygen nanobubble injectors as needed. This real-time monitoring and adjustment of oxygen levels ensure that the fish are always in an environment with optimal oxygen levels.

[0106] The optimal oxygen level may vary depending on the specific fish species and other factors such as water temperature and fish density. However, it is preferably maintained at a level that promotes healthy growth and reduces stress in the fish. This level is preferably between 80% and 120% saturation, more preferably between 85% and 115% saturation, and most preferably around 100% saturation.

[0107] In alternative embodiments, the oxygen level is maintained between 85% and 120%, between 90% and 120%, between 95% and 120%, between 100% and 120%, between 105% and 120%, between 110% and 120%, or between 115% and 120%.

[0108] In yet other alternative embodiments, the oxygen level is maintained between 80% and 115%, between 80% and 110%, between 80% and 105%, between 80% and 100%, between 80% and 95%, between 80% and 90%, or between 80% and 85%.

[0109] Incorporating oxygen nanobubble injectors and sensors in the aquaculture system promotes healthier and faster growth in the fish. Optimal oxygen levels support the fish's metabolic processes, resulting in increased growth rates. Moreover, the reduced stress levels associated with optimal oxygen conditions can improve overall health and reduce disease incidence in the fish population. Thus, this preferred embodiment of the aquaculture system offers significant advantages in terms of fish health, growth, and productivity.

[0110] More preferably, nanobubble technology benefits the aquaculture species and contributes to reducing operational costs. The technology is efficient and requires less energy compared to traditional oxygenation methods. It also reduces the need for frequent monitoring and manual adjustments, thus saving labor costs. Therefore, implementing nanobubble technology in aquaculture systems is highly advantageous in terms of both species health and cost-effectiveness.

[0111] In the most preferred embodiment, the nanobubble technology automatically controls oxygen levels. The system is equipped with sensors that continuously monitor the oxygen levels and adjust the operation of the nanobubble technology accordingly. This ensures that the oxygen levels are consistently maintained at the optimal range, contributing to the health and growth of the species and reducing the need for manual monitoring and adjustments.

[0112] The system incorporates an alkaline buffer dosing system in a preferred embodiment. This system is designed to enhance overall water quality by diligently maintaining alkalinity levels within specified limits, preferably between 50-150 mg / l. More preferably, the alkalinity levels are kept between 60-140 mg / l, even more preferably between 70-130 mg / l, and most preferably between 80-120 mg / l. This precise control of alkalinity levels plays a crucial role in promoting a healthier and more efficient environment for fish cultivation.

[0113] The alkaline buffer dosing system operates in harmony with the algorithm that oversees the entire operation of the velodrome-designed shallow raceway system. The algorithm is designed to automatically adjust alkalinity levels based on realtime data provided by sensors installed in the system. This ensures that the alkalinity levels never exceed the set limits, thereby maintaining an optimal environment for the growth and survival of the aquatic organisms.

[0114] The alkaline buffer dosing system is also designed to work synergistically with other invention components of the invention. For instance, it works with the recirculation aquaculture system (RAS) to ensure optimal water quality. This is achieved by balancing the water chemistry to the optimum pH and replenishing it with the necessary nutrients and minerals.

[0115] Moreover, the alkaline buffer dosing system also contributes to the sustainability of the invention. By maintaining optimal alkalinity levels, the system helps to reduce the need for frequent water changes, thereby saving water and energy resources. This aligns with the invention's objective of being environmentally friendly and sustainable while ensuring high productivity and efficiency in aquaculture farming.

[0116] In an embodiment, the aquaculture system utilizes LED lights within the optimal light spectrum to enhance the well-being and growth of fish, leading to higher productivity in aquaculture. The use of LED lights is not only energy-efficient but also advantageous in maintaining optimal light conditions for aquatic species. The light spectrum can be tailored to suit the specific needs of the species being farmed, which may vary depending on the species, their stage of growth, and other environmental factors.

[0117] Preferably, the light spectrum is within the range of Fish Active Radiation, typically 490-515 nm for salmonids. More preferably, the light intensity can be adjusted according to the specific needs of the fish species, their size, and the time of day. This allows for a more natural and comfortable environment for the fish, which can contribute to their overall health and growth rate. More preferably, the light source is positioned above the centre axis of the raceway, providing uniform light distribution across the entire raceway. This ensures that all fish receive equal light, regardless of their position in the raceway.

[0118] In a preferred embodiment, the system is designed for vertical farming, with raceways stacked on top of each other in a rack of typically up to 10 layers. This allows for very effective land usage, reducing the need for extensive land area and thus significantly reducing the corresponding investments. LED lights in this setup are particularly advantageous as they produce less heat than traditional lighting systems, reducing the risk of overheating in the stacked raceways.

[0119] In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a system for real-time monitoring of vital water parameters. This system is designed to ensure optimal conditions for the growth and survival of aquatic species while reducing the need for manual labour. By continuously monitoring and adjusting the water conditions, the invention allows for more efficient and effective management of the aquaculture environment.

[0120] This preferred embodiment may relate to various water parameters critical to the health and growth of aquatic species. These parameters include water pH, temperature, oxygen level, and the presence of dead aquatic animals. Sensors may also monitor salinity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, oxidationreduction potentials (ORP), total gas pressure (TGP), and carbon dioxide levels. The system is preferably equipped with sensors capable of measuring these parameters in real time and adjusting the water conditions accordingly.

[0121] In an embodiment, the raceway system includes at least one dead fish trap, which serves a crucial role in maintaining the health and welfare of the fish population. This trap allows for the swift removal of deceased fish from the system. This function is essential as it reduces the likelihood of spreading disease among the fish population. If left in the system, dead fish decompose and negatively impact water quality. By promptly removing these potential sources of contamination, the system ensures that the remaining fish are kept in an environment conducive to their health and growth.

[0122] Preferably, the dead fish trap operates automatically, providing 24-hour monitoring and removal of dead fish. This automation is vital as it enables a rapid response to any instances of fish mortality, regardless of the time of day. This continuous monitoring and removal process significantly reduces the risk of disease transmission and water quality degradation, contributing to the overall welfare of the fish.

[0123] In a more preferred embodiment, the dead fish trap is equipped with a sensor that detects dead fish. Upon detection, a lifting mechanism is activated, depositing the carcass into a designated collection bucket. This mechanized process ensures efficient and effective removal of dead fish, further enhancing the system's ability to maintain optimal conditions for the fish population.

[0124] The dead fish trap should be placed within the system to maximize its effectiveness. Its placement utilizes the current created within the system to direct dead fish toward the trap. This design takes advantage of the system's existing water flow, reducing the need for additional energy or resources to operate the trap.

[0125] In a preferred embodiment, the raceway system incorporates a double gate design on both sides at each end of the raceway.

[0126] The double gate design is preferably implemented to allow for easy and efficient operation. This means the gates can easily open and close to control the fish flow between different raceway sections. This control over the movement of the fish is particularly beneficial in situations where it is necessary to isolate certain fish for treatment or to separate different species or sizes of fish.

[0127] In addition to providing a means of controlling the movement of the fish, the double gate design also contributes to the overall efficiency of the farming system. By allowing for the easy and efficient movement of fish within the raceway, the double gate design helps to ensure that all areas of the raceway are fully utilized. This can lead to a higher overall yield of fish from the system.

[0128] In an embodiment, the system, as disclosed herein, incorporates internal transport structures within its velodrome-shaped shallow raceways. These structures facilitate harvesting, ensuring minimal harm to the aquatic species. This unique feature contributes significantly to their overall welfare and growth. The transport structures are not only designed for ease of use. Still, they are strategically placed within the raceways to ensure the slightest disturbance to the aquatic species during harvesting. The transport structures may be installed at various levels within the raceways, providing flexibility in handling different species and sizes of aquatic life. This multilevel design allows for the efficient and effective movement of the harvested species from one level to another, minimizing stress on the organisms.

[0129] In a more preferred embodiment, the transport structures may also transfer aquatic species within the same level of the raceways. This feature effectively manages the Cell's aquatic population, ensuring optimal growth conditions for each species.

[0130] The transport structures are preferably designed to be easily maintained and cleaned, ensuring their longevity and effectiveness. The materials used in the construction of these structures may be selected for their durability and resistance to the aquatic environment, ensuring their long-term performance.

[0131] In further embodiments, the raceway system comprises means for regulating water temperature, such as heating devices and / or cooling devices. Any such devices known in the art may be employed with the system disclosed herein.

[0132] In an embodiment of the system disclosed herein, each Cell comprises a plurality of sensors, at least one computer processor with operation software, and at least one controller. These components allow continuous monitoring of the water quality, conditions, and animal behaviour in the raceways and adjust the parameters to optimal values.

[0133] The system comprises various sensors or detection means for temperature, pH, oxygen level, CO2 level, protein level, ammonia level, nitrite level, nitrate level, salinity level, oxidation-reduction potentials (ORP) and total gas pressure (TGP). These sensors' measurements transmit valuable water quality information to the controller. The system is preferably equipped with sensors capable of measuring these parameters in real time and adjusting the water conditions accordingly.

[0134] The RAS components, the nanobubble injectors, water coolers, and heaters are integrated into the degassing unit sump. This allows for automated monitoring via sensors and adjustment of their operation by a controller based on real-time water quality parameters such as turbidity and waste concentration levels. This integration ensures the cleaning process is dynamically optimized for environmental conditions, leading to better resource management and lower operational costs. The feeding system is preferably automated and programmed to dispense feed regularly, ensuring that the aquatic animal species receive adequate nutrition for growth and development. The feed may be specially formulated for the farmed species and may include a combination of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals.

[0135] The system's transport structures operate under automated control, ensuring accurate and timely harvesting. The transport structures in a raceway system are most preferably designed to operate seamlessly with the other components, such as the feeding system, the water quality control system, and the sensor-control system. This integrated approach ensures the overall effectiveness and efficiency of the system, which can be automated.

[0136] In more preferred embodiments, the system may include a control unit that receives data from the sensors and uses this data to control various aspects of the aquaculture environment. For instance, if the sensors detect a drop in the water's oxygen level, the control unit may respond by increasing the oxygenation rate. Chemical analyses of water samples measure the water's ammonia level.

[0137] In another embodiment, a sensor positioned on the bottom of the level detects arriving dead fish carcasses, and a lifting mechanism deposes the carcass in a container outside the raceway system. Most preferably, the lighting system is fully controlled by the overall operation software, which adjusts the daily rhythm, intensity, and light composition based on real-time input from sensors monitoring the production process.

[0138] Machine learning and artificial intelligence may further enhance the automation of these structures, ensuring optimal harvesting times and methods for each species.

[0139] In another preferred embodiment, the system may include a user interface that allows users to monitor the water conditions in real time and manually adjust them if necessary. This user interface may be accessible via a computer, a smartphone, a tablet, or other suitable device.

[0140] In another embodiment, the data collected by the sensors is processed by a processor running an algorithm that evaluates all incoming measurements and identifies deviations from predefined parameters. Based on these deviations, the control unit adjusts the parameters accordingly. The algorithm considers the measurements using machine learning and artificial intelligence in preferred embodiments.

[0141] The invention's real-time monitoring and control capabilities allow for a more precise and proactive management of the aquaculture environment, leading to improved growth and survival rates for aquatic species. Secondly, they reduce the need for manual monitoring and adjusting the water conditions, saving time and labor. Thirdly, they enable users to respond quickly to any changes in the water conditions, which can prevent or mitigate potential problems.

[0142] In a second aspect, the invention, as disclosed herein, relates to methods of operating systems as disclosed herein.

[0143] The operating parameters of the RAS are maintained within a specific range to ensure optimal performance for each fish species. For instance, the water temperature is maintained in the range of between 6°C and 16°C for salmonids. In some embodiments the water temperature is maintained between 6°C and 16°C, between 6°C and 15°C, between 6°C and 14°C, between 6°C and 13°C, between 6°C and 12°C, between 6°C and 11°C, between 6°C and 10°C, between 6°C and 9°C, between 6°C and 8°C,or between 6°C and 7°C.

[0144] Alternatively the water temperature is maintained between 6°C and 16°C, between 7°C and 16°C, between 8°C and 16°C, between 9°C and 16°C, between 10°C and 16°C, between 11°C and 16°C, between 12°C and 16°C, between 13°C and 16°C, between 14°C and 16°C, between 15°C and 16°C.

[0145] In yet another alternative embodiment the water temperature is maintained between 6°C and 16°C, between 7°C and 15°C, between 8°C and 14°C, between 9°C and 13°C, or between 10°C and 12°C.

[0146] The pH level is preferably maintained between 7.0 to 7.5 for saltwater species. For freshwater species, the range should be 6.5 to 7.5. These parameters are continuously monitored and adjusted to ensure optimal conditions for the farmed species.

[0147] The system disclosed herein is suitable for continuous automated operation. This is achieved by continuously recirculating a portion of the water from the raceway through the RAS system via a main loop and further, in preferred embodiments via a side loop where it is ozone-treated.

[0148] The "water hydraulic retention time (HRT)" is defined as the duration for which water is held within the Cell's recirculation aquaculture system (RAS), including the raceways, before it is discharged or replaced. HRT in the RAS is the sum of the time the water remains in each RAS unit (drum filter, the MBBR or the aerobe bioreactors, protein skimmer, and degassing unit) for treatment before it is sent to the raceways. The flow rate between the RAS unit and the raceways and the speed generated by the speed pump determines the velocity of water that could be maintained within the raceway that will provide a healthy environment.

[0149] In some embodiments, the system operates with an HRT range per Cell of between 5 and 120 minutes. It varies depending on the fish size, density, the raceway's size, and the RAS system's matching capacity, keeping the TAN level under 2 mg / l and the CO? level under 15 mg / l. This is an optimal range for maintaining water quality, which is vital for the health and growth of the fish. More preferably, the HRT per level is between 10 and 75 minutes, and even more preferably, the HRT is between 15 and 70 minutes, even more preferably between 20 and 65 minutes, even more preferably between 30 and 60 minutes, even more preferably between 25 and 55 minutes, even more preferably between 30 and 50 minutes, even more preferably between 35 and 45 minutes. Most preferably, the HRT per level is between 5 and 50 minutes. Alternatively, the HRT per level is between 5 and 60 minutes, between 10 and 50 minutes, or between 20 and 50 minutes. In yet another alternative embodiment the raceway HRT is between 5 and 15 minutes or between 5 and 10 minutes.

[0150] The continuous water circulation in the system ensures a stable and healthy environment for the aquatic species, thereby enhancing the system's overall efficiency. In this context, water quality refers to the levels of various parameters such as temperature, oxygen, total ammonium-nitrogen (TAN), oxidation-reduction potentials (ORP), total gas pressure (TGP), and carbon dioxide. By maintaining these parameters within their optimal ranges, the system effectively promotes the growth and well-being of the fish.

[0151] The controlled water circulation also contributes to the system's self-cleaning capabilities. The water velocity is optimally adjusted for the specific sizes of the fish during their growth period. This feature, combined with the system's unique design, facilitates and reduces the organic load on the bioreactors. This results in a more efficient operation and a reduction in maintenance costs.

[0152] The system caters to various aquatic species in this preferred embodiment, including pelagic and bottom-dwelling fish. It can be customized based on the species' specific needs, ensuring optimal conditions for their growth and development. The system's flexibility and adaptability make it a preferred choice for sustainable aquaculture operations.

[0153] In a further embodiment of the system, as disclosed herein, the containment is supplied with incoming water or makeup water via an inlet point, wherein said incoming water is in the range of between 1% and 5%, preferably between 2% and 5%, more preferably between 3% and 5%, even more preferably between 4% and 5% of the system's total daily volume and wherein said incoming water is filtered using a UV filter or a nano filter.

[0154] In a further preferred embodiment, the incoming makeup water is between 1% and 10%, 1% and 9%, 1% and 8%, 1% and 7%, 1% and 6%, 1% and 5%, 1% and 4 %, 1% and 3%, or 1% and 2% per day of the system volume. Alternatively, the incoming makeup water is between 2% and 10%, 3% and 10%, 3% and 10%, 4% and 10%, 5% and 10%, 6% and 10%, 7% and 10 %, 8% and 10%, or 9% and 10% per day of the system volume.

[0155] The system supplying the make-up water is operated with infection barriers, passes through a double filtration Bernoulli, a sand filtration system, and then to a UV filter system before introducing it into the raceway system with the fish. This method ensures the water quality is maintained at optimal conditions for the fish, contributing to their health and growth.

[0156] The outgoing wastewater is treated to remove solid particles through a dewatering machine before being treated with ozone, and then discharged.

[0157] In a further preferred embodiment, the method includes a monitoring system that continuously checks the health status of the aquatic species. The monitoring system may include sensors that detect changes in the behavior or physical condition of the species, which could indicate potential health issues. Upon detecting such problems, the system may alert the farm operators, who can then take the necessary actions to address the issue and maintain the health of the species. In another preferred embodiment, the method includes a feeding system that ensures the aquatic species receive a balanced and nutritious diet.

[0158] In yet another preferred embodiment, the method includes a waste management system that effectively removes waste products from the raceway system. The waste management system may include a filtration system that separates solid waste from the water and a treatment process that breaks down harmful substances in the waste before it is discharged. This ensures that the water in the raceway system remains clean and safe for the aquatic species and that the waste discharged from the system does not harm the environment.

[0159] In a third aspect, the invention, as disclosed herein, relates to a method of raising aquatic animals in a SIF system according to any of the previous embodiments, wherein the aquatic species swim in one or more raceways comprising oval-shaped basins in a constant current of water velocity in the range of between 0.1 and 3 fish body lengths per second. The current velocity is achieved using a flow-generating mechanism such as a speed pump. The raceway system comprises the elements described in the previous embodiments and is operated according to the previously described embodiments.

[0160] The constant water current velocity generated by the speed pump is preferably between 0.1 and 3.0 BL / sec, more preferably between 0.5 and 2.5 BL / sec, more preferably between 1 and 2 BL / sec, more preferably between 1.5 and 2 BL / sec, most preferably between 1.8 and 2 BL / sec or between 0.7 and 1.5 BM / sec.

[0161] Alternatively, the velocity generated by the speed pump is between 0.3 and 2.8 BL / sec, between 0.3 and 2.5 BL / sec, between 0.3 and 2.3 BL / sec, between 0.3 and 2 BL / sec, between 0.3 and 1.8 BL / sec, between 0.3 and 1.5 BL / sec, between 0.3 and 1.3 BL / sec, between 0.3 and 1 BL / sec, between 0.3 and 0.8 BL / sec, between 0.3 and 0.5 BL / sec, or between 0.3 and 0.4 BL / sec.

[0162] In yet another alternative embodiment, the velocity generated by the speed pump is between 0.5 and 3 BL / sec, between 0.8 and 3 BL / sec, between 1 and 3 BL / sec, between 1.2 and 3 BL / sec, between 1.5 and 3 BL / sec, between 1.8 and 3 BL / sec, between 2 and 3 BL / sec, between 2.2 and 3 BL / sec, between 2.5 and 3 BL / sec, or between 2.8 and 3 BL / sec. The body length per second value can be converted to an absolute velocity (m / s) using the following formula:

[0163] Velocity (m / s)= (Fish body length (cm) / 100x fraction of BL / sec.

[0164] In some embodiments, the the velocity generated by the flow-generating mechanism is between is between 0.03 m / s and 1.5 m / s. In embodiments said velocity is between 0.03 m / s and 1.4 m / s, 0.03 m / s and 1.3 m / s, 0.03 m / s and 1.2 m / s, 0.03 m / s and 1.1 m / s, 0.03 m / s and 1.0 m / s, 0.03 m / s and 0.9 m / s, 0.03 m / s and 0.8 m / s, 0.03 m / s and 0.7 m / s, 0.03 m / s and 0.6 m / s, 0.03 m / s and 0.5 m / s, 0.03 m / s and 0.4 m / s, 0.03 m / s and 0.3 m / s, 0.03 m / s and 0.2 m / s, or 0.03 m / s and 0.1 m / s.

[0165] In some embodiments, the velocity generated by the flow-generating mechanism is between 0.03 m / s and 1.5 m / s, 0.1 m / s and 1.5 m / s, 0.2 m / s and 1.5 m / s, 0.3 m / s and 1.5 m / s, 0.4 m / s and 1.5 m / s, 0.5 m / s and 1.5 m / s, 0.6 m / s and 1.5 m / s, 0.7 m / s and 1.5 m / s, 0.8 m / s and 1.5 m / s, 0.9 m / s and 1.5 m / s, 1.0 m / s and 1.5 m / s, 1.1 m / s and 1.5 m / s, 1.2 m / s and 1.5 m / s, 1.3 m / s and 1.5 m / s, or 1.4 m / s and 1.5 m / s.

[0166] In an embodiment of the method, as disclosed herein, the water in one or more raceways is continuously renewed by a plurality of inlet and outlet points, wherein the inlet points and outlet points are positioned at intervals ranging between 10 m and 20 m.

[0167] The strategic placement of inlet and outlet points enables the effective removal of waste products, including uneaten feed, feces, and metabolic by-products. This prevents the accumulation of waste in the raceway, minimizing water pollution and the risk of disease outbreaks among the fish.

[0168] Moreover, the proximity of inlet points ensures that fresh, oxygenated water is evenly distributed throughout the raceway. This prevents stagnant areas where water quality could deteriorate due to a lack of circulation.

[0169] The inlet points deliver makeup or incoming water to the basins of the raceways. The makeup or incoming water is preferably from natural sources of water such as seawater, ocean water, river water, or lake water. The incoming water is preferably purified, filtered, or disinfected before it is delivered via the inlet points to the basins of the raceways.

[0170] The incoming water represents less thanbetween 1% and 5% of the system's daily volume. It passes through a double filtration system comprising a Bernoulli and a sand filtration system before being introduced into the raceway system with the fish, where it is treated with a UV filter or nanofilter system. According to an embodiment of the method, as disclosed herein, the makeup water is supplied via the inlet loop and undergoes UV filtration on the inlet loop before passing to the drum filter.

[0171] Additionally, the inlet points supply the raceways with water that has been previously contained in the raceway basins and subsequently purified through an RAS.

[0172] The method of raising captive aquatic animals, as disclosed herein, involves water purification that is done by continuously recirculating the water in the raceway system through a RAS system. The RAS components for water treatment ensure optimal water quality for the aquatic species. These components include, but are not limited to, bioreactors for removing waste products, gas strippers for removing excess gases, and UV filters for eliminating harmful microorganisms.

[0173] In an embodiment of the method, as disclosed herein, the water exiting the raceways through the outlet points is purified by circulation through a RAS system comprising at least one drum filter, one or more aerobic bioreactors, one or more anaerobic bioreactors, at least one CO? stripper, at least one protein skimmer, at least one ozone disinfection system, a common loop, a side loop and a water inlet loop.

[0174] The water exiting one or more raceways through the outer points passes through the common loop to the drum filter, then to the aerobic bioreactor, the ozone disinfection system, the protein skimmer, and the CO2 stripper, before re-entering the raceway through the inlet points. The common loop thus connects the drum filter, the aerobic bioreactor, the ozone disinfection system, the protein skimmer, the CO2 stripper, and the raceways.

[0175] After passing the drum filter, the RAS system splits, and between 95% and about 99% of the water continues on the common loop to the aerobic biofilter. In comparison, 1% to 5% of the water continues on the side loop to the anaerobic biofilter.

[0176] At most 99% of the water coming from the drum filter flows through the common loop to the aerobic bioreactor. Alternatively, at most 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 99.5% of the water coming from the drum filter flows through the aerobic bioreactor.

[0177] The water flowing through the Cell's main loop goes through a sequence of filtration and bioreactor stages:

[0178] - The water exits the raceways through strategically placed outlet points.

[0179] - The water enters the common loop, directing it to the treatment components.

[0180] - The water passes through a drum filter to remove larger particulate matter and debris.

[0181] - The water enters an aerobic bioreactor where bacteria break down organic matter and convert ammonia into nitrites and nitrates.

[0182] - The water is treated with ozone to kill pathogens and break down contaminants.

[0183] - The water passes through a protein skimmer to remove dissolved organic compounds.

[0184] - The water passes through a CO? stripper to remove excess carbon dioxide.

[0185] - The purified water re-enters the raceways through the inlet points, ensuring a continuous supply of clean and safe water.

[0186] In a preferred embodiment of the method, as disclosed herein, oxygen nanobubbles are injected before the water enters the raceways through the inlet points.

[0187] In some embodiments, the CO2 stripper removes excess ozone as well.

[0188] Between 1% and 5%, preferably between 1% and 4%, more preferably between 1% and 3%, more preferably between 1% and 2%, even more preferably between 0.5% and 1% of the water coming from the drum filter flows through said side loop to the anaerobic biofilter. The side loop connects the anaerobic bioreactor and the drum filter. Preferably, the side loop further connects the anaerobic biofilter to a second protein skimmer. Only a minor fraction of the total water exiting the raceways is diverted to this side loop. This ensures that the primary flow of water remains largely unaffected and continues its main recirculatory path while the smaller portion undergoes additional treatment to lower the nitrate levels in the system water.

[0189] In an embodiment of the method disclosed herein, between 1% and 5% of the water exiting the one or more raceways passes from the aerobic biofilter to the anaerobic biofilter, then to a second protein skimmer, and back to the drum filter through the side loop. The water diverted through the side loop goes through a sequence of filtration and bioreactor stages:

[0190] Drum filtration removes larger particulate matter and impurities from the water.

[0191] - Aerobic biofiltration, where the water undergoes treatment by aerobic bacteria that help in breaking down organic matter and reducing ammonia levels.

[0192] - Anaerobic biofiltration, where anaerobic bacteria further break down waste products, especially those that thrive in low-oxygen conditions, thus helping in denitrification and removing nitrates from the water.

[0193] Protein skimming, where dissolved organic compounds and proteins are removed, enhancing water clarity and quality.

[0194] Ammonia and nitrite are removed by aerobic bioreactors, and nitrate by anaerobic bioreactors. The system can remove up to 99% of ammonia and nitrite, preferably between 90% and 98%, more preferably between 92% and 97%. Protein skimmers remove dissolved proteins and toxic H2S components. The system can remove up to 99% of dissolved proteins and toxic H2S components, preferably between 90% and 98%, more preferably between 92% and 97%. Adapted gas strippers ensure safe CO2levels. The drum filter is operated to collect suspended solids not captured by the surface skimmer. The impact of this operation is a reduction of suspended particles in the water and a reduction of organic material in the bioreactors by more than 50%.

[0195] In an embodiment of the method, as disclosed here, the recirculated water passes through the main loop with ozone for flocculation and disinfection. This process oxidizes nitrate to nitrogen gas in the anaerobic bioreactor and thus maintains a stable alkalinity level in the system water volume. The nitrate reduction process involves supplying a carbon source (methanol) to the anaerobic bioreactor. It is preferably automated and controlled by an algorithm that adjusts the process based on real-time input from sensors monitoring the water quality. This ensures that the nitrate levels are kept within the optimal range for the health of the fish.

[0196] Conversely, the device and methods described are also optimally configured for flatfish and bottom-dwelling fish species, which in nature prefer lower regions of the water column and seabed habitats. Non-limitative examples include species such as European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides), turbot (Scophthalmus maximus); halibut (Hippoglossus spp.) which includes Atlantic and Pacific varieties; common sole (Solea solea) and Senegalese sole Solea senegalensis); Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus); Grouper (Epinephelidae family) which provides for various species like Nassau and Red Grouper; catfish (Ictaluridae and Clariidae families); cod (Gadidae family) such as Atlantic and Pacific cod; Lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) Mullet (Mugilidae family); Wolffish species (Anarhichas lupus and Anarhichas minor) or Walleye (Sander vitreus)

[0197] In an embodiment of the method, as disclosed herein, flatfish species are maintained at 1 kg fish / m2to 100 kg / m2.

[0198] In an alternative embodiment of the method disclosed herein, flatfish species are maintained at between 1 kg fish / m2and 100 kg fish / m2, between 1 kg fish / m2and

[0199] 95 kg fish / m2, between 1 kg fish / m2and 90 kg fish / m2, between 1 kg fish / m2and

[0200] 85 kg fish / m2, between 1 kg fish / m2and 80 kg fish / m2, between 1 kg fish / m2and

[0201] 75 kg fish / m2, between 1 kg fish / m2and 70 kg fish / m2, between 1 kg fish / m2and

[0202] 65 kg fish / m2, between 1 kg fish / m2and 60 kg fish / m2, between 1 kg fish / m2and

[0203] 55 kg fish / m2, between 1 kg fish / m2and 50 kg fish / m2, between 1 kg fish / m2and

[0204] 45 kg fish / m2, between 1 kg fish / m2and 40 kg fish / m2, between 1 kg fish / m2and

[0205] 35 kg fish / m2, between 1 kg fish / m2and 30 kg fish / m2, between 1 kg fish / m2and

[0206] 25 kg fish / m2, between 1 kg fish / m2and 20 kg fish / m2, between 1 kg fish / m2and

[0207] 15 kg fish / m2, or between 1 kg fish / m2and 10 kg fish / m2

[0208] In yet another alternative embodiment of the method disclosed herein, flatfish fish species are maintained at between 1 kg fish / m2and 100 kg fish / m2, between 5 kg fish / m2and 100 kg fish / m2, between 10 kg fish / m2and 100 kg fish / m2, between 15 kg fish / m2and 100 kg fish / m2, between 20 kg fish / m2and 100 kg fish / m2, between 25 kg fish / m2and 100 kg fish / m2, between 30 kg fish / m2and 100 kg fish / m2, between 35 kg fish / m2and 100 kg fish / m2, between 40 kg fish / m2and 100 kg fish / m2, between 45 kg fish / m2and 100 kg fish / m2, between 50 kg fish / m2 and 100 kg fish / m2, between 55 kg fish / m2and 100 kg fish / m2, between 60 kg fish / m2and 100 kg fish / m2, between 65 kg fish / m2and 100 kg fish / m2, between 70 kg fish / m2and 100 kg fish / m2, between 75 kg fish / m2and 100 kg fish / m2, between 80 kg fish / m2and 100 kg fish / m2, between 85 kg fish / m2and 100 kg fish / m2, between 90 kg fish / m2and 100 kg fish / m2, or between 95 kg fish / m2and 100 kg fish / m2.

[0209] Other types of bottom-dwelling fish species are maintained at 10 kg fish / m2to 500 kg fish / m2density.

[0210] In an alternative embodiment of the method disclosed herein, bottom-dwelling fish species are maintained at between 10 kg fish / m2and 500 kg fish / m2, between 10 kg fish / m2and 450 kg fish / m2, between 10 kg fish / m2and 400 kg fish / m2, between 10 kg fish / m2and 350 kg fish / m2, between 10 kg fish / m2and 300 kg fish / m2, between 10 kg fish / m2and 250 kg fish / m2, between 10 kg fish / m2and 200 kg fish / m2, between 10 kg fish / m2and 150 kg fish / m2, between 10 kg fish / m2and 100 kg fish / m2.

[0211] In yet another alternative embodiment of the method disclosed herein, bottomdwelling fish species are maintained at between 50 kg fish / m2and 500 kg fish / m2, between 100 kg fish / m2and 500 kg fish / m2, between 150 kg fish / m2and 500 kg fish / m2, between 200 kg fish / m2and 500 kg fish / m2, between 250 kg fish / m2and 500 kg fish / m2.

[0212] In embodiments of the invention, the method disclosed herein and the raceway system disclosed in the previous embodiments support the cultivation of pelagic fish species, which thrive in the mid-water column of aquatic environments. Nonlimiting examples include Atlantic salmon Salmo salar); Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), which provides for species like Chinook and Coho; European sea bass Dicentrarchus lab rax); or sea bream Sparidae family).

[0213] In another embodiment of the method, pelagic fish species are maintained at a density between 50 kg fish / m3and 300 kg fish / m3, preferably 70 kg fish / m3to 280 kg fish / m3, more preferably 70 kg fish / m3to 250 kg fish / m3, more preferably 100 kg fish / m3to 160 kg fish / m3, more preferably 120 kg fish / m3to 180 kg fish / m3and more preferably 120 kg fish / m3to 140 kg fish / m3. In an alternative embodiment of the method disclosed herein, pelagic fish species are maintained at between 100 kg fish / m3and 300 kg fish / m3, between 150 kg fish / m3and 300 kg fish / m3, between 200 kg fish / m3and 300 kg fish / m3, between 250 kg fish / m3and 300 kg fish / m3, between 300 kg fish / m3and 300 kg fish / m3. In yet another alternative embodiment of the method disclosed herein, pelagic fish species are maintained at between 50 kg fish / m3and 300 kg fish / m3, between 50 kg fish / m3and 250 kg fish / m3, between 50 kg fish / m3and 200 kg fish / m3, between 50 kg fish / m3and 150 kg fish / m3, or between 50 kg fish / m3and 100 kg fish / m3.

[0214] In a more preferred embodiment, the system is designed to handle a high density of harvest-sized aquatic species, ranging from 200 to 300 kg / m3for pelagic fish, 30 to 100 kg / m2for flatfish species and 100 to 500 kg / m3for bottom-dwelling fish. Despite this high density, the system maintains high water quality by efficiently removing feces and other waste products. This high-density operation allows more efficient use of space and resources, contributing to the system's economic viability.

[0215] In further embodiments, the method and the system disclosed herein are suitable for farming crustaceous species, such as but not limited to shrimp, such as Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei) and black tiger prawn Penaeus monodon); crayfish such as red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii); lobsters such as the European lobster (Homarus gammarus) or American lobster Homarus americanus) or crabs such as mud crab Scylla serrata) and Dungeness crab Metacarcinus magister) .

[0216] The method disclosed herein ensures that the captive aquatic animals orient against the current in an organized school formation. Encouraging captive aquatic animals to orient against the current in an organized school can promote natural schooling behavior, which is beneficial for social species and can reduce stress. Schooling against the current can lead to more efficient use of space within the raceway, as the animals move cohesively, allowing for higher stocking densities without compromising animal welfare.

[0217] In an embodiment, the method disclosed herein employs a continuous feeding mechanism using floating pellets. This approach optimizes feed utilization, bringing about several advantageous effects. Primarily, the efficient use of feed results in considerable cost savings. This is achieved by reducing the amount of unused or wasted feed, thereby minimizing the overall feed expenditure. Moreover, this embodiment also significantly reduces environmental pollution. By ensuring that most of the feed is consumed by the aquatic organisms, the amount of feed that ends up as waste in the water bodies is minimized. This contributes to maintaining the cleanliness and health of the water bodies, which is of paramount importance in aquaculture. Another noteworthy advantage of this embodiment is promoting optimal growth in the farmed organisms without competition and fighting for food. Consequently, the fish suffer less stress, resulting in fewer injuries from an otherwise harmful intraspecies competition contact that quickly results in aggression. The continuous availability of floating feed pellets ensures that the organisms have constant access to their food source. This encourages regular feeding habits and promotes healthy and steady growth rates.

[0218] In this preferred embodiment, the floating feed pellets may have a size range of between 0.1 and 20 mm, depending on the size of the farmed animal. The composition of the feed pellets can be adjusted according to the specific nutritional requirements of the farmed organisms.

[0219] The continuous feeding mechanism can be automated, with the feed distribution being controlled by a computerized system. This system may monitor various parameters, such as the growth rate of the organisms, the water quality, and the feed consumption rate, and adjust the feed distribution accordingly. This ensures that the feed distribution is continually optimized for the current conditions, further enhancing the efficiency of the feeding process. In a more preferred embodiment, the feeders are programmed to send multiple doses of small quantities throughout the day or schedule larger quantities to be distributed in a few doses. This automated feeding system is programmed to supply the fish stock according to a specific daily feeding plan based on updated input data. Each raceway is treated individually based on tank realities. The number of feeding points depends on the size of a given raceway.

[0220] In a further embodiment, the method mitigates external pollution by transforming waste products into bioenergy or fertilizer. The raceway system preferably operates so that waste products from farming are not discarded or released into the environment but instead repurposed into valuable resources.

[0221] More specifically, fecal particles and other waste materials collected from the farming process are concentrated and transformed. Preferably, this transformation process involves converting these waste products into bioenergy or fertilizer. Bioenergy, in this context, may refer to various energy sources derived from biological materials, including biofuels and biogas. On the other hand, fertilizer is a substance added to soil to enhance its fertility and promote plant growth.

[0222] The preferred transformation process may involve various techniques, technologies, and equipment, depending on the type of bioenergy or fertilizer produced. For example, it may involve anaerobic digestion, composting, or other methods. The transformed waste products can be used in various applications, such as power generation, soil enrichment, etc.

[0223] The transformation of waste products into bioenergy or fertilizer is preferably carried out continuously or periodically, depending on the volume of waste products generated by the farming process. The specific parameters of the transformation process, such as temperature, pressure, and others, may be adjusted based on the type of waste products being transformed and the desired type of bioenergy or fertilizer.

[0224] In an embodiment of the method disclosed herein, the water's pH level is maintained between 7.0 and 7.5.

[0225] In a preferred embodiment, the pH in the velodrome-designed shallow raceway is kept within a specific range. This range is preferably between 6.0 and 8.0, more preferably between 6.5 and 7.5, more preferably between 7.0 and 7.5, most preferably at a constant 7.2. The pH range is between 7 and 7.5 for seawater farming conditions and between 6.5 and 7.5 for freshwater farming conditions. This optimal pH range provides the ideal conditions for the aquaculture species, contributing to a healthier and more comfortable living environment for the fish. This results in better-quality produce and fitter fish, which can lead to a more profitable yield.

[0226] The pH level is regulated by an automated system that continuously monitors the system water alkalinity through water's pH. If the pH deviates from the set optimal range, the system automatically initiates corrective measures to bring the pH back within the desired range. This could involve adjusting the water's alkalinity or introducing pH-adjusting substances. The system is designed to respond rapidly and automatically to any changes in pH, ensuring that the fish are not exposed to harmful pH levels for any extended time. According to the method disclosed herein, the water temperature is maintained between 6 and 30°C, between 10 and 25°C, or between 12 and 22°C.

[0227] The oxygen level in the raceways is maintained between 80-120% saturation by injection of nano oxygen bubbles. The amount of oxygen injected can range from 1 to 10 liters per minute, preferably between 2 and 8 liters per minute, more preferably between 3 and 7 liters per minute.

[0228] The disclosure thus provides a universal method for sustainable aquaculture technology capable of cultivating aquatic species in a controlled upbringing environment at high density while achieving a feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 0.6 to 0.8, indicating efficient feed use. This low FCR is achieved due to the improved fish heart functions and added muscle mass caused by swimming against the current generated by the system's speed pump. Additionally, the high-quality water conditions maintained by the system promote healthy growth and efficient feed conversion by the aquatic species, with low mortality rates while maintaining the fish at high densities of 70 to 200 kg / m3.

[0229] The method disclosed herein incorporates operation procedures wherein the fish species grow rapidly from juveniles to market-size in a self-cleaning shallow raceway system fed by floating feed pellets and oxygen as nanobubbles in recirculated fresh water or salt water, automatically controlled for optimal conditions for temperature, oxygen, total ammonium nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. The invention also ensures a high standard of animal welfare with a competitive technology both economically and in terms of sustainability in an environmental and social context.

[0230] The present invention will be described in more detail, referring to examples that are not limiting.

[0231] EXAMPLES

[0232] Example 1. Intensive Farming of Atlantic Salmon with Nanobubble Water Treatment

[0233] A Super Intensive Farming (SIF) system, according to the present invention, was implemented for the cultivation of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar) under seawater conditions. The system included multiple oval-shaped raceways, each equipped with high-efficiency flow-generating mechanisms and an integrated recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Each 70 m by2 m raceway included 4 inlet and 4 outlet points. The flow-generating mechanisms maintained a continuous unidirectional water current at a velocity of 0.4 m / s.

[0234] The RAS incorporated the following components:

[0235] • A nanobubble generator for enhanced oxygenation and gas stripping,

[0236] • A drum filter for mechanical solids removal,

[0237] • Biofilters for nitrification,

[0238] • A CO2 stripper and protein skimmer,

[0239] • An anaerobic biofilter for denitrification.

[0240] To promote sustainability and reduce operational costs, less than 5% of the system's water volume was exchanged daily, enabled by the installation and continuous operation of the anaerobic biofilter, which efficiently reduced nitrate accumulation over time.

[0241] Monitored water quality parameters during a 45-day culture period were as follows:

[0242] Dissolved oxygen (O2): maintained above 80% saturation

[0243] Carbon dioxide (CO2): maintained at less than 15 mg / L

[0244] Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN): maintained at less than 2 mg / L Nitrite-nitrogen (NO2-N): maintained at less than 2 mg / L Nitrate-nitrogen (NOs-N): maintained at less than 70 mg / L pH: maintained between 7.0 and 7.5

[0245] The system operated at a stocking density of 200 kg / m3. The nanobubble system ensured a consistently high level of dissolved oxygen while also supporting efficient CO2 removal. Ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate concentrations were kept within safe and optimal limits by the combination of aerobic and anaerobic biofiltration processes. The anaerobic biofilter in particular allowed for nitrate reduction without the need for significant water exchange.

[0246] This example demonstrates that the SIF system provides a stable and controlled aquatic environment, suitable for the high-density cultivation of Atlantic salmon, with minimal environmental discharge and optimized water resource utilization. Example 2. Quality differences between fish grown in different systems

[0247] Salmon reared in the SIF system, as described in the invention, and in sea-cage farming systems were harvested at 24 months of age and analytically evaluated for protein, fat, and water content in the tail and loin. The data from a 800kg fish population for each condition were averaged and compared with wild-caught salmon weighing between 3 and 4 kg (Table 1).

[0248] The SIF-farmed salmon had higher protein levels than cage-farmed salmon and closely matched wild salmon, suggesting a leaner and more natural muscle development profile. The water content in SIF fillets was in the range of wild salmon, and generally higher than in cage-farmed fish. A higher water content gives a better textural balance and is associated with lower fat saturation. The SIF salmon contained less total fat than cage-farmed salmon and closely matched the leaner profile of wild salmon. It also showed a lower saturated fat content, contributing to a healthier lipid profile. Both MUFA-cis and PUFA-cis levels were between those of wild and cage-farmed salmon, indicating a balanced, semi-natural lipid metabolism.

[0249] Table 1. Protein, water and fat content of salmon reared in SIF system, sea cages and wild-caught animals The protein, water, and fatty acid content, are indicators of fillet quality and consumer value. The salmon reared in the SIF system of the invention displayed the same qualities as the wild-caught fish. The maintaining of the fish at a high current velocity of up to 1 m / s stimulated their muscle growth and reduced fat accumulation when compared to the static system of growing salmon in sea cages.

[0250] DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

[0251] With a goal illustrating better the properties of the invention, the following presents, as an example and limiting in no way other potential applications, a description of several preferred applications of the method for examining the state of the art used in a mechanical connection based on the invention, wherein:

[0252] FIG. 1. schematically presents a Super Intensive Farming (SIF) system for aquaculture according to an embodiment of the invention. Said SIF modular system comprises one or more raceways (2), wherein each raceway features an ovalshaped raceway basin (3) where aquatic species are cultured, delineated by an inner wall (4) and an outer wall (5), with a hollow centre (6). The system is connected by a common loop (7), which integrates various treatment components of a RAS (7), with the raceway. The embodiment of FIG. 1 comprises a single Cell (24) with 5 raceways (2) and one RAS system (1). In other embodiments, the system comprises multiple Cells (25), each with its own RAS system (1), stalked on multiple levels and / or next to each other. The number and the sizes of the raceways in the Cells and in the system vary in function to the size of the grown fish and thus in function to their life stage. In an embodiment, a Cell of the system comprises 5 raceways sized at 70 m in length and 2 m in width; such raceways are suitable for growing fish up to a weight of 500g at which stage they are ready to be harvested. In other embodiments, a Cell of the system comprises 16 raceways sized 36 m in length and 1 m in width for growing smolts up to a weight of 500 g. In yet another embodiment, a Cell comprises 16 raceways sized 4 m in length and 2 m in width for start feeding larvae until fry that weigh up to 10 g.

[0253] FIG. 2 shows a detailed representation of a RAS (7) according to an embodiment of the invention. Water exiting the raceways (2) through outlet points enters the common loop (7), first passing through a drum filter (10) that removes larger particulate matter. From here, the flow splits, with approximately 99% of the water continuing through the common loop (7) and 1% diverted to a side loop (8). The common loop (7) directs water to the aerobic bioreactor (11), where aerobic bacteria break down organic matter and convert ammonia into nitrites and nitrates. Following this, the water is treated with ozone in the ozone disinfection system (18) to eliminate pathogens, then passes through a protein skimmer (14) to remove dissolved organic compounds, and finally through a CO2 stripper (13) to eliminate excess carbon dioxide. The purified water re-enters the raceways (2) through strategically placed inlet points, ensuring a continuous supply of clean and safe water.

[0254] The side loop (8), which handles about 1% of the water, provides additional treatment. It routes water from the drum filter (10) to the anaerobic bioreactor (12), where anaerobic bacteria further break down waste products, particularly aiding in denitrification. The water then flows through a second protein skimmer (14') for enhanced purification before returning to the drum filter (10).

[0255] According to an embodiment of the invention, the makeup water such as seawater (23) is supplied via the inlet loop (9) and is passed through a UV filter or nanofilter

[0256] (21) before passing to the drum filter (10). In some embodiments, a mesh filter

[0257] (22) removes larger particles from the makeup water before the UV filtration or nanofiltration, ensuring only clean water enters the system. In other embodiments, the makeup water is any natural water source, such as river water or lake water. In some embodiments, the water is stored in the reservoir for incoming water (20) before being passed to the drum filter (10).

[0258] The RAS system includes various additional components: a sludge tank (16) for collecting waste from the drum filter (10), a reception tank (17) for water collection from the aerobic biofilter (11), and a reservoir for purified water (19) before it reenters the raceways (2). To enhance the oxygenation of water re-entering the raceways (2), oxygen nanobubbles are injected.

[0259] This comprehensive water treatment process ensures continuous and efficient purification, maintaining high water quality essential for the health and growth of aquatic species in the raceways (2).

[0260] 1 RAS system

[0261] 2 raceway 3 basin

[0262] 4 inner wall

[0263] 5 outer wall

[0264] 6 hollow centre

[0265] 7 common loop

[0266] 8 side loop

[0267] 9 inlet loop

[0268] 10 drum filter

[0269] 11 aerobic bioreactor

[0270] 12 anaerobic bioreactor

[0271] 13 CO? stripper

[0272] 14 protein skimmer

[0273] 14' second protein skimmer

[0274] 15 CO2 stripper reservoir

[0275] 16 sludge tank

[0276] 17 reception tank

[0277] 18 ozone disinfection system

[0278] 19 reservoir for purified water

[0279] 20 reservoir for incoming water

[0280] 21 UV filter or nanofilter

[0281] 22 mesh filter

[0282] 23 seawater

[0283] 24 Cell

Claims

CLAIMS1. A SIF (Super Intensive Farming) system for aquaculture wherein said system comprises one or more Cells, each Cell comprising one or more raceways (2), wherein each raceway comprises one or more flow-generating mechanisms, wherein said one or more raceways each comprise an ovalshaped basin (3), wherein said basin is lined by an inner wall (4) and an outer wall (5) and comprises a bottom portion positioned between the inner and the outer walls, and wherein said one or more raceways has a hollow centre (6) delineated by the inner wall of the basin.

2. The system according to claim 1 wherein the plurality of Cells are arranged vertically in a stacked configuration, and / or horizontally adjacent to one another in a side-by-side configuration.

3. The system according to claim 2, wherein the Cells are stacked on 2 to 12 levels.

4. The system according to claims 1 to 3, wherein said raceway comprises a plurality of inlet and outlet points.

5. The system according to claim 4, wherein said raceway comprises between 2 and 10 inlet points and between 2 and 10 outlet points.

6. The system, according to any of the claims 4 or 5, wherein the inlet points and outlet points are positioned on the bottom portion of the basin at intervals ranging between 10 m and 20 m.

7. The system according to any of the claims 1 to 6, wherein a Cell comprises between 1 and 16 raceways.

8. The system, according to any of the previous claims, wherein the height of a basin is between 5 and 50 cm.

9. The system according to any of the claims 1 to 8, wherein the flowgenerating mechanism is a speed pump.

10. The system according to any of the previous claims, wherein each Cell further comprises a RAS (1); wherein said RAS comprises a common loop (7), a side loop (8) and a water inlet loop (9), and wherein the common loop connects the one or more raceways to the RAS.

11. The system, according to any of the claims 1 to 10, wherein the RAS comprises:- at least one drum filter (10)- at least one aerobic bioreactors (11)- at least one bioreactors (12)- at least two CO? stripper (13)at least one protein skimmer (14)- at least one ozone disinfection system (18) at least one UV filter or nanofilter (21)12. A method of farming aquatic animals in a SIF system according to any of the claims 1 to 10, wherein the aquatic species swim in one or more raceways (2) comprising oval-shaped basins (3) in a constant current of water of a velocity between 0.03 m / s and 1.5 m / s.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the water in one or more raceways (2) is continuously renewed by a plurality of inlet and outlet points, wherein the inlet points and outlet points are positioned at intervals ranging between 10 m and 20 m.

14. The method according to any of claims 12 or 13, wherein the water exiting the raceways (2) through the outlet points is purified by circulation through a RAS system (1) comprising at least one drum filter (10), at least one aerobic bioreactor (11), at least one anaerobic bioreactor (12), at least two CO? strippers (13), at least one protein skimmer (14), at least one ozone disinfection system (18), a common loop (7), and a side loop (8).

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the water exiting the one or more raceways (2) through the outer points passes through the common loop (7) to the drum filter (10), to the aerobic bioreactor (11), the ozone disinfection system (18), the protein skimmer (14), and the CO2 stripper (13), before re-entering the raceway through the inlet points.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein oxygen nanobubbles are injected before the water re-enters the raceways through the inlet points.

17. The method according to claims 14 to 16, wherein between 1% and 5% of the water exiting the one or more raceways (2) passes from the drum filter (10) to the aerobic biofilter (11), to the anaerobic biofilter( 12), then to a second protein skimmer (14'), and back to the drum filter (10) through the side loop (8).

18. The method according to any of the claims 12 to 17, wherein makeup water is supplied through an inlet loop (9), and wherein said makeup water undergoes UV filtration or nanofiltration on the inlet loop before passing to the drum filter (10).

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the makeup water represents 1% to 5% of the total volume of water of the system.

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