TPU foam

Abstract

The present invention relates to a thermoplastic polyurethane foam obtained by foam injection molding with a density in the range of from 100 to 220 kg / m3 comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU-1) and a compression set below 45% determined according to ASTM D395:2018. The invention furthermore relates to a thermoplastic polyurethane foam comprising a thermo-plastic polyurethane ((TPU*) which is prepared from a polyol composition (PC) comprising at least one polyol (P1) with a molecular weight Mn in the range of from 500 to 5000 g / mol, preferably in the range of 10 from 550 to 3000 g / mol, which does not show a degree of soft phase crystallization visible by an endothermal peak in the temperature range of -10 to 20 °C with an enthalpy of greater than 0.7 mJ / mg TPU in the first heating run of a dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2013 with a heating rate of 20 °C / min after a pre-treatment including an annealing step and a separate drying step at 100 °C for 10 min immediately before the measurement and which has a melt flow rate (MFR) of > 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston or a melt flow rate (MFR) in the range of from 5 to 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston.

Description

TPU foamThe present invention relates to a thermoplastic polyurethane foam obtained by foam injection molding with a density in the range from 100 to 220 kg / m3comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) and a compression set below 45% determined according to ASTM D395:2018. The invention furthermore relates to a thermoplastic polyurethane foam comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) which is prepared from a polyol composition (PC) comprising at least one polyol (P1) with a molecular weight Mn in the range of from 500 to 5000 g / mol, preferably in the range of from 550 to 3000 g / mol, which does not show a degree of soft phase crystallization visible by an endothermal peak in the temperature range of -10 to 20 °C with an enthalpy of greater than 0.7 mJ / mg TPU in the first heating run of a dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2013 with a heating rate of 20 °C / min after a pre-treatment including an annealing step and a separate drying step at 100 °C for 10 min immediately before the measurement and which has a melt flow rate (MFR) of > 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston or a melt flow rate (MFR) in the range of from 5 to 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21 .6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston.The present invention further relates to a process for preparing a thermoplastic polyurethane foam comprising providing a melt (M1) comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*); adding a blowing agent (B) to the melt (M1) to obtain a mixture (M2); and injecting the mixture (M2) into a mold to obtain a foam; wherein (TPU*) is prepared from a polyol composition (PC) comprising at least one polyol (P1) with a molecular weight Mn in the range of from 500 to 5000, preferably in the range of from 550 to 3000 g / mol, which does not show a degree of soft phase crystallization visible by an endothermal peak in the temperature range of -10 to 20 °C with an enthalpy of greater than 0.7 mJ / mg TPU in the first heating run of a dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2013 with a heating rate of 20 °C / min after a pre-treatment including an annealing step and a separate drying step at 100 °C for 10 min immediately before the measurement. The present invention further relates to the thermoplastic polyurethane foam obtained according to said process as well as the use thereof in footwear, in parts for automotive, sport and leisure, or furniture and molded bodies comprising said thermoplastic polyurethane foam.Thermoplastic polyurethane foams have various uses in the industrial area, sports and leisure, construction and automobility, including as cushioning in automobile interiors, seats, carpets and engine hoods, in furniture, armchairs, chairs, armrests, sofas, beds, shoes, boots, ski boots, sports equipment, grips, bicycle grips or saddles, and wound dressings and plasters, sponge, or for filter materials.Thermoplastic polyurethane foams have the additional advantage that they can easily be recycled. Processes for the preparation of foamed thermoplastic polyurethanes are in principle known from the state of the art.US9926423 discloses a method for making a low density foamed article, comprising combining in an extruder a molten thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer with a chemical blowing agent and a supercritical fluid. US9963566A relates to a method for making a foamed article, comprising combining in an extruder a molten polymer selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers and thermoplastic ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers with a supercritical fluid nitrogen; and a supercritical fluid carbon dioxide. Also US10633483 discloses a foamable thermoplastic polyurethane resin.WO2021249819A1 discloses a process to produce low density thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) foam with a density of less than 0.3 g / cm3via microcell ular foaming process, which includes introducing counter pressure gas into a mold to build up a counter pressure and the mold has venting holes distributed all over the mold.EP 3 725 179 A relates to a shoe component, comprising a foamed body, comprising a thermoplastic material with a molecular weight in a range of 30,000 to 100,000 and further materials as filler in an amount of up to 10% by weight. Due to the low molecular weight of the material used, it is difficult to prepare foamed bodies with sufficient mechanical performance, in particular long term performance.EP 3 161 031 A relates to an integrated article that includes a flexible foam region and a non-foam region. The flexible foam region and the non-foam region are each made of a polyurethane composition. The flexible foam region is made from a polyurethane with a high molecular weight up to 500.000 g / mol. The high molecular weight constrains the mold filling of molds with a highly complex geometry, especially at higher foam densities of above 170 g / l.However, it is difficult to prepare foamed parts from thermoplastic polyurethane with complex geometry which have good mechanical properties. It was therefore an object of the present invention to provide thermoplastic polyurethane foams which can be easily prepared and have good mechanical properties as well as processes for the preparation thereof.According to the present invention, this object has been achieved by a thermoplastic polyurethane foam obtained by foam injection molding with a density in the range of from 100 to 220 kg / m3comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) and a compression set below 45% determined according to ASTM D395:2018.It has surprisingly been found that thermoplastic polyurethane foams with advantageous properties can be prepared by adjusting the composition of the thermoplastic polyurethane used for the preparation. It has been found that the composition and the properties of the thermoplastic polyurethane used can be adjusted to improve the miscibility with the blowing agent used. The improved miscibility results in improved foam quality. This is particularly advantageous for the preparation of molded bodies with complex geometry.According to the present invention, the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) is typically prepared using an isocyanate component and a polyol component. Suitable isocyanates and polyols for the preparation of thermoplastic polyurethanes are in principle known to the person skilled in the art. Suitable polyols may for example be polyether polyols or polyester polyols.According to the present invention, it is also possible that the thermoplastic polyurethane comprises polyester building blocks, which may be incorporated in the soft phase or hard phase. For the soft phase ester polyols, ester / ether polyols, polyols with block copolymers with one or more ester blocks, or polyol mixtures with at least one polyester polyol can be used. Polyester blocks for the hard phase may for example be selected from polyethylene naphthalate blocks, polyethylene terephthalate blocks, or a polybutylene terephthalate blocks.For the preparation of foams with a density in the range of from 170 to 220 g / l it has been found that it is advantageous to use a thermoplastic polyurethane with a melt flow rate (MFR) of > 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston. Preferably, the thermoplastic polyurethane is used in combination with a crosslinker and optionally a cell stabilizer. Preferably, the use of a crosslinker allows to increase the molecular weight of the thermoplastic polyurethane during and / or after the preparation of the foam.Unless otherwise noted, the melt flow rate indicated refers to the melt flow rate determined for the thermoplastic polyurethane used for the preparation of the thermoplastic polyurethane foam.It has surprisingly been found that thermoplastic polyurethanes comprising polyester blocks are particularly suitable for preparing thermoplastic polyurethane foams, with a fast uptake of the blowing agent especially N2 allowing faster production speeds. Neglecting densities of the foams obtained, it has also been observed that thermoplastic polyurethanes with a difference between the crystallization temperature Tcryst and the melting temperature Tm-max of 60°C or less can be processed using low residence times. A lower Tm-max allows lower processing conditions, for example below 220°C, preferably below 200°C, which again constrains the melt viscosity. -The use ot thermoplastic polyurethanes comprising polyester blocks preferably also results in thermoplastic polyurethane foams which show reduced abrasion.For the preparation of foams with a density in the range of from 100 to 170g / l, it has been found that it is advantageous to use a thermoplastic polyurethane with a melt flow rate (MFR) in the range of from 5 to 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston. Preferably, the thermoplastic polyurethane is used in combination with a cell stabilizer in this case and optionally a crosslinker.This specific adjustment allows to prepare foams with complex geometries with a density in the range of from 100 to 220 g / l by injection molding.According to a further embodiment, the present invention also relates to a thermoplastic polyurethane foam with a density in the range of from 100 to 220 kg / m3comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) which is prepared from a polyol composition (PC) comprising at least one polyol (P1) with a molecular weight Mn in the range of from 500 to 5000 g / mol, preferably in the range of from 550 to 3000 g / mol, which does not show a degree of soft phase crystallization visible by an endothermal peak in the temperature range of -10 to 20 °C with an enthalpy of greater than 0.7 mJ / mg TPU, preferably greater than 0.3 and more preferably greater than 0 in the first heating run of a dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2013 with a heating rate of 20 °C / min after a pre-treatment including an annealing step and a separate drying step at 100 °C for 10 min immediately before the measurement and which has a melt flow rate (MFR) of > 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston or a melt flow rate (MFR) in the range of from 5 to 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston.The present invention further relates to a process for preparing a thermoplastic polyurethane foam comprising(I) providing a melt (M1) comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane ((TPU*);(II) adding a blowing agent (B) to the melt (M1) to obtain a mixture (M2);(ill) injecting the mixture (M2) into a mold to obtain a foam; wherein (TPU*) is prepared from a polyol composition (PC) comprising at least one polyol (P1) with a molecular weight Mn in the range of from 500 to 5000 g / mol, preferably in the range of from 550 to 3000 g / mol, which does not show a degree of soft phase crystallization visible by an endothermal peak in the temperature range of -10 to 20 °C with an enthalpy of greater than 0.7 mJ / mg TPU in the first heating run of a dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2013 with a heating rate of 20 °C / min after a pre-treatment including an annealing step and a separate drying step at 100 °C for 10 min immediately before the measurement; wherein mixture (M2) optionally comprises one or more of components selected from cell stabilizers, crosslinking agents, UV / antioxidation stabilizers, pigments, waxes, further additives and polymers.The thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to the present invention is obtained by foam injection molding and has a density in the range of from 100 to 220 kg / m3and a compression set below 45% determined according to ASTM D395:2018. Preferably, the thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to the present invention is obtained by foam injection molding and has a density in the range of from 100 to 200 kg / m3and a compression set below 45% determined according to ASTM D395:2018.It has surprisingly been found that the use of (TPU*) in the process for preparing the thermoplastic polyurethane foam allows to obtain stable foams with a low density which have advantageous mechanical properties, in particular good compression set. In view of the environmental impact a compression set below 45 % (6h / 50°C / 50%) is desirable, preferably below 42 % (6h / 50°C / 50%), in particular below 40 % (6h / 50°C / 50%) to achieve durability and long term good performance of the materials. The compression set is determined according to ASTM D395:2018. Round specimens with a diameter of 26 mm and original height (20 mm) were punched out. The specimen was compressed to 50% of its thickness, the storage time is 6 hours, and the temperature is 50 °C. The specimen is then relaxed again at room temperature and the change in thickness is measured after 30 minutes.It has been surprisingly found that the thermoplastic polyurethane foam comprising (TPU*) has improved tear resistance, in particular in case crosslinkers are used or blends comprising further polymers such as for example polyethylene. The use of (TPU*) results in good processability which in turn allows the preparation of molded bodies with improved properties. It has been found that in particular thermoplastic polyurethanes with a melt flow rate (MFR) in the range of from 5 to 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston are suitable for the preparation of thermoplastic polyurethane foams with a density in the range of from 100 to 170 kg / m3. Thermoplastic polyurethanes with a melt flow rate (MFR) in the range of from greater than 50 to 200 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston are particularly suitable for the preparation of thermoplastic polyurethane foams with a density in the range of from greater than 170 to 220 kg / m3.Preferably, the thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to the present invention comprises a crosslinker, a cell stabilizer or a combination thereof.It has been found that by the use of crosslinkers and further additives such as additives comprising further polymers such as for example polyethylene and functionalized derivatives thereof the quality of the foam can be improved.The thermoplastic polyurethane foam obtained or obtainable according to the process of the present invention have good mechanical properties, such as good tear strength and good rebound and improved long term performance.According to a further aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) which is prepared from a polyol composition (PC) comprising at least one polyol (P1) with a molecular weight Mn in the range of from 500 to 5000 g / mol, preferably in the range of from 550 to 3000 g / mol, which does not show a degree of soft phase crystallization visible by an endothermal peak in the temperature range of -10 to 20 °C with an enthalpy of greater than 0.7 mJ / mg TPU, preferably greater than 0.3 mJ / mg TPU, in particular greater than OmJ / mg TPU in the first heating run of a dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2013 with a heating rate of 20 °C / min after a pre-treatment including an annealing step and a separate drying step at 100 °C for 10 minimmediately before the measurement and which has a melt flow rate (MFR) of > 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston, for preparing a thermoplastic polyurethane foam, in particular a thermoplastic polyurethane foam has a density in the range of from 100 to 220 kg / m3or a melt flow rate (MFR) in the range of from 5 to 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston.TPU* does not show a degree of soft phase crystallization visible by an endothermal peak in the temperature range of -10 to 20 °C with an enthalpy of greater than 0.7 mJ / mg TPU in the first heating run of a dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2013 with a heating rate of 20 °C / min after a pre-treatment including an annealing step and a separate drying step at 100 °C for 10 min immediately before the measurement. Preferably, it does not show a degree of soft phase crystallization visible by an endothermal peak in the temperature range of -10 to 20 °C with an enthalpy of greater than 0.3 mJ / mg TPU in the first heating run of a dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2013 with a heating rate of 20 °C / min after a pre-treatment including an annealing step and a separate drying step at 100 °C for 10 min immediately before the measurement, more preferable it does not show a degree of soft phase crystallization visible by an endothermal peak in the temperature range of -10 to 20 °C with an enthalpy of greater than 0 mJ / mg TPU in the first heating run of a dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2013 with a heating rate of 20 °C / min after a pre-treatment including an annealing step and a separate drying step at 100 °C for 10 min immediately before the measurement.The melt flow index of the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) can vary in broad ranges according to the invention for example for preparing foams with a complex geometry. Furthermore, in particular for thermoplastic polyurethanes with a MFR of >50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston the migration of the blowing agent into the melt, in particular nitrogen, is enhanced. The upper limit of the meltflow may for example be 350 g / 10 min, preferably 300 g / 10 min or in particular 250 g / 10 min , in each case at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston. The melt flow rate of (TPU*) refers to the melt flow rate measured for the thermoplastic polyurethane which is used in the process, i.e. the thermoplastic polyurethane before the formation of the foam and the optional use of a crosslinker. The melt flow rate of the material of the foam might differ due to the processing conditions or further reactions with further additives in particular a crosslinker. The specific combination of (TPU*) and further additives according to the present invention allows to produce foams with a high content of closed cells. The cell structure of the foams can be influenced in broad ranges depending on the process conditions and the blowing agent used.According to a further embodiment, the present invention is also directed to a thermoplastic polyurethane foam as disclosed above, wherein the foam has a density in the range of from 100 to 170 kg / m3and the thermoplastic polyu-rethane (TPU*) has a melt flow rate (MFR) in the range of from 5 to 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston or the foam has a density in the range of from greater than 170 to 220 kg / m3and the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) has a melt flow rate (MFR) in the range of from greater than 50 to 200 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston.It has been found that the structure of the polyol used for the preparation of (TPU*) has an influence on the resulting properties of the foam. It has been found that it is advantageous to use a polyol (P1) consisting of only one block (homopolymer) or at least one polyether block with a molecular weight in the range from 1000 to 1500 g / mol .Therefore, according to a further embodiment, the present invention also relates to the thermoplastic polyurethane as disclosed above, wherein polyol (P1) is selected from homopolymers or blockcopolymers with at least one polyether block with a molecular weight in the range from 1000 to 1500 g / mol.The process of the present invention comprises steps (i), (ii) and (iii) and may also comprise further steps. It has been found that the properties and the chemical structure of (TPU*) used in the process has have a strong influence on the properties of the thermoplastic foam obtained. Preferably, (TPU*) has a melt flow rate (MFR) of > 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston.According to step (i), a melt (M1) comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) is provided. In step (ii), a blowing agent (B) is added to the melt (M1) to obtain a mixture (M2). It is for example possible to mix the components in an extruder. Suitable extruders are in principle known. Preferably, tandem extruders can be used. It is also possible according to the present invention that (TPU*) is prepares in a first extruder as a melt and the melt is subsequently used in step (ii) of the process according to the present invention. According to step (iii), the mixture (M2) is then injected into a mold to obtain a foam.Processes for preparing foams are in principle known to the person skilled in the art and the conditions for the steps may vary in broad ranges. It is for example possible to use a microcell ul ar foaming process, and introduce a blowing agent as a supercritical fluid which may be dosed into a melt. Advantageously, foaming may be carried out by gas expansion upon depressurization in the cavity of a mold. Preferably the mold is equipped with a counter pressure, more preferable a counter pressure in the range of greater than 1 bar to 100 bar which can be released time controlled. According to the present invention, it is also possible to use reduced pressure e.g. for a subsequent foaming step or in a stepwise foaming process.Preferably, the mold is held under ambient temperature, or for example a temperature of 20- 60° C, preferably in the range of 50 to 60°C, to cool the foamed mixture after step (ill). Upon cooling, the foamed mixture is cured and foamed articles are thus obtained in the shape of the cavity of the mold. Higher mold temperatures preferably yield in smoother surfaces of the parts obtained. Suitable process conditions are in principle known to the person skilled in the art.The structure of (TPU*) has a strong influence on the properties of the foam obtained. It has been found that foams with good mechanical properties can be obtained when (TPU*) is prepared from a polyol composition (PC) comprising at least one polyol (P1) with a molecular weight Mn in the range of from 500 to 5000 g / mol, preferably in the range of from 550 to 3000 g / mol, which preferably does not show a degree of soft phase crystallization visible by an endothermal peak in the temperature range of -10 to 20 °C with an enthalpy of greater than 0.7 mJ / mg TPU in the first heating run of a dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2013 with a heating rate of 20 °C / min after a pre-treatment including an annealing step and a separate drying step at 100 °C for 10 min immediately before the measurement.According to a further embodiment, the present invention therefore is also directed to the process as disclosed above, wherein (TPU*) has a melt flow rate (MFR) of > 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston.According to the invention, the polyol composition (PC) comprises at least one polyol (P1). Suitable polyols are known in principle to those skilled in the art and described for example in "Kunststoffhandbuch [Plastics Handbook], volume 7, Polyurethane [Polyurethanes]”, Carl Hanser Verlag, 3rd edition 1993, chapter 3.1. Particular preference is given to using, as polyol (P1), polyesterols or polyetherols as polyols. It is likewise possible to use polycarbonates. Copolymers may also be used in the context of the present invention. Polyether polyols are particularly preferred. The number-average molecular weight of the polyols used according to the invention is preferably in the range from 500 to 5000 g / mol, by way of example in the range from 550 g / mol to 2000 g / mol, preferably in the range from 600 g / mol to 1500 g / mol, especially between 650 g / mol and 1000 g / mol. According to the present invention, the polyols used can be fossil based or non-fossil based.Polyol (P1) may for example be selected from unoolar polyols such as for example polycaprolactones or polyethers such as polytrimethyleneoxides, polytetramethyleneoxides , or polypropyleneglycols. Polyol (P1) may be selected from the group consisting of polypropylene glycols, polytetrahydrofuranes, polyadipates, polycarbonates, polycarbonate diols and polycaprolactones.Preferably, polyol (P1) has at least one polyether block with a molecular weight in the range from 1000 to 1500 g / mol. According to a further embodiment, the present invention therefore is also directed to the process as disclosed above, wherein polyol (P1) is selected from homopolymers or blockcopolymers with at least one polyether block witha molecular weight in the range from 1000 to 1500 g / mol. Polyol (P1) may be a polyether with a molecular weight in the range 500 to 5000 g / mol, preferably in the range of from 550 to 3000 g / mol, in particular in the range from 1000 to 1500 g / mol .Polyetherols, but also polyesterols, block copolymers and hybrid polyols such as for example poly(ester / amide), are suitable according to the invention. According to the invention, preferred polyetherols are polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, polytetramethylene oxides, polytrimethylene oxides. Suitable polyols may also be selected from polyadipates, polycarbonates, polycarbonate diols and polycaprolactone.Suitable polyols are also those having ether and ester blocks, for example polycaprolactone having polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide end blocks, or else polyethers having pol-ycaprolactone end blocks. According to the invention, preferred polyetherols are polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols. Suitable polyols are for example polytetramethylene gylcole or polytrimenthylene glycole. Polycaprolactone is also preferred. According to the present invention, also polyesterols may be used, in particular non fossil based polyesterols. Suitable polyesterols are for example based on succinic acid or adipic acid. Polyols based on castor oil or lignin based polyols may also be used.It is also possible in accordance with the invention to use mixtures of different polyols. The poly-ols / the polyol composition used preferably have / has an average functionality of between 1.8 and 2.3, preferably between 1.9 and 2.2, in particular 2.In an embodiment of the present invention, a polyol composition (PC) is used which comprises at least polytetrahydrofuran. According to the invention, the polyol composition may also comprise further polyols in addition to polytetrahydrofuran.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the polytetrahydrofuran has a number-average molecular weight Mn in the range from 500 g / mol to 5000 g / mol, preferably in the range of from 500 g / mol to 2000 g / mol, further preferably in the range from 500 to 2000 g / mol, particularly preferably in the range from 500 to 1500 g / mol. Mixtures of various polytetrahydrofurans can also be used in accordance with the invention, that is to say mixtures of polytetrahydrofurans having different molecular weights. Unless otherwise noted, in the context of the invention the molecular weight of the polyols is determined according to DIN 55672-1 :2016-03 using tetrahydrofuran as a solvent.Within the context of the present invention, the composition of the polyol composition (PC) can vary within wide ranges. The polyol composition can also comprise mixtures of various polyols.According to the invention, the polyol composition may also comprise a solvent. Suitable solvents are known per se to those skilled in the art.According to the invention, at least one chain extender (CE1) may be present in the polyol composition (PC). Suitable chain extenders are known per se to those skilled in the art. By way of example, chain extenders are compounds having two groups which are reactive towards isocyanate groups, in particular those having a molecular weight of less than 500 g / mol. Suitable chain extenders are for example diamines or diols. Diols are more preferred according to the invention. Within the scope of the pre-sent invention, mixtures of two or more chain extenders may also be used.Suitable diols are known in principle to those skilled in the art. According to the invention, the diol preferably has a molecular weight of < 500 g / mol. According to the invention, aliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic and / or cycloaliphatic diols having a molecular weight of 50 g / mol to 220 g / mol can be used here as chain extenders, for example. Preference is given to alkanediols having 2 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkylene radical, especially di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona- and / or decaalkylene glycols. For the present invention, particular preference is given to 1,2-eth- ylene glycol, propane-1, 3-diol, butane-1 ,4-diol, pentane-1 ,5-diol, hexane-1 ,6-diol, preferably propane-1, 3-diol, ethane-1,2-diol, butane-1, 4-diol, pentane-1, 5-diol, hexane-1, 6-diol and HQEE.Suitable chain extenders (CE1) within the context of the present invention are also branched compounds such as1.4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 2-butyl-2-ethylpropanediol, neopentyl glycol, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane-1 , 3-diol, pinacol, 2- ethylhexane-1, 3-diol or cyclohexane-1, 4-diol.For the preparation of (TPU*), at least one polyisocyanate is used. According to the invention, the polyisocyanate composition may also comprise two or more polyisocyanates. Isocyanates used with preference are aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic and / or aromatic isocyanates, more preferably tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta- and / or octamethylene diisocyanate, 2-methylpentamethylene 1 ,5-diisocyanate, 2-ethylbutylene 1 ,4-diisocyanate, pentamethylene1.5-diisocyanate, butylene 1 ,4-diisocyanate, 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate, IPDI), 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane and / or 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane (HXDI), paraphenylene 2,4-diisocyanate (PPDI), tetramethylenexylene 2,4-diisocyanate (TMXDI), dicyclohexylmethane 4,4'-, 2,4'- and 2,2'-diisocyanate (H12 MDI), hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate (HDI), cyclohexane 1 ,4-diisocya- nate, 1 -methylcyclohexane 2,4- and / or 2,6-diisocyanate, diphenylmethane 2,2'-, 2,4'- and / or 4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI), naphthylene 1 ,5-diisocyanate (NDI), tolylene 2,4- and / or 2,6-diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 3,3,'- dimethyl-4,4‘-diisocyanato-diphenyl (TODI), dimethyldiphenyl 3,3'-diisocyanate, diphenylethane 1 ,2-diisocyanate and / or phenylene diisocyanate or prepolymers of these isocyanates and polyols or isocyanates and isocyanate-reactive components.Particular preference is given to diphenylmethane 4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI), paraphenylene 2,4-diisocyanate (PPDI), naphthylene 1 ,5-diisocyanate (NDI), 3,3,‘-dimethyl-4,4‘-diisocyanato-diphenyl (TODI) , and linear aliphatic diisocyanates such as for example pentamethylene-1,5-diisocyanate, hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate.The quantitative ratios of the components used for the preparation of (TPU*) are preferably selected such that a hard segment content in the range from 15% to 45% is obtained, preferably in the range of from 22% to 38%, in particular in the range of from 23% to 36%. The hard segment content calculated according to the formula (I) unless otherwise noted:The present invention therefore is also directed to foamed pellets as described previously, wherein the hard segment content of the thermoplastic polyurethane is in the range of from 20% to 40% calculated according to the formulaPreferably, for a foam with a density around 200 kg / m3, the hard segment content is in the range of from about 20 to 30% for aromatic TPUs. For aliphatic TPUs, the hard segment content typically is in the range of from 15 to 25%. In the context of the present invention it is also possible that the hard segment content of the thermoplastic polyurethane is below 20%.(TPU*) may also comprise further components, such as for example customary auxiliaries. Examples include surface-active substances, fillers, further flame retardants, nucleating agents, oxidation stabilizers, lubricants and mold release assistants, dyes and pigments, optionally stabilizers, to counter hydrolysis, light, heat or discoloration, for example; organic and / or inorganic fillers, reinforcing agents, flame retardants, antistatic additives and plasticizers. Suitable auxiliaries and adjuvants may be found in, for example, Kunststoffhandbuch, volume VII, edited by Vieweg and Hbchtlen, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich 1966 (pp. 103-113).According to the present invention, it is also possible to add suitable additives to the melt (M1) and / or mixture (M2). It is for example possible to add one or more components selected from cell stabilizers, crosslinking agents, UV / anti- oxidation stabilizers, pigments, waxes such as for example paraffin wax or amide wax, and polymers. For example a cell stabilizer may be added in combination with waxes or crosslinking agents. Suitable are in particular waxes which are solid at room temperature, preferably waxes with a melting point of >50°C, more preferable >100°C, determined using DSC according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2013 with a heating rate of 20° / min.Mixture (M2) may also comprise further polymeric components such as for example polystyrene, high impact polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate and thermoplastic elastomers or mixtures thereof.Suitable polymeric components are in principle known. The polymeric components may be added in suitable amounts.Waxes may be used to improve the surface properties of the foams and to reduce dirt uptake during use.For certain applications, it may be advantageous to add a cell stabilizer. Cell stabilizers suitable in the context of the present invention may be silicon based or non-silicon based cell stabilizers. According to a further embodiment, the present invention therefore is also directed to the process as disclosed above, wherein in step (ii) a cell stabilizer is added to the mixture. Preferably, cell stabilizer is added in an amount of from 0.1 to 5 % by weight, preferably 0.2 to 3%, in particular 0.5 to 1 .8% by weight.Furthermore, crosslinkers can additionally also be used. According to a further embodiment, the present invention therefore is also directed to the process as disclosed above, wherein in step (ii), a crosslinker is added to the mixture. Suitable crosslinkers are for example higher-functionality polyisocyanates or polyols, or else other higher-functionality molecules having a plurality of isocyanate-reactive functional groups. It is likewise possible within the context of the present invention to achieve crosslinking of the products through an excess of the isocyanate groups used in proportion to the hydroxyl groups. Examples of higher-functionality isocyanates are triisocyanates, for example triphenylmethane 4, 4',4"-triisocy anate and isocyanurates, and also the cyanurates of the aforementioned diisocyanates, and the oligomers obtainable by partial reaction of diisocyanates with water, for example the biurets of the aforementioned diisocyanates, and also oligomers obtainable by controlled reaction of semiblocked diisocyanates with polyols having an average of more than two and preferably three or more hydroxyl groups. Preferably, reversible crosslinking is used, such as for example via al lophanates, to allow for recycling of the foams. Crosslinking may occur during the foaming step or after foam formation or both.Here, within the context of the present invention, the amount of crosslinker, for example of higher-functionality isocyanates and higher-functionality polyols or higher-functionality chain extenders, preferably is no greater than 5 % by weight, in particular no greater than 1.5 % by weight, preferably less than 1% by weight, further preferably less than 0.5% by weight of the active component, based on the total mixture of the components.Therefore, according to a further embodiment, the present invention is also directed to the use of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) for preparing a thermoplastic polyurethane foam as disclosed above, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) is used in a mixture with a cell stabilizer.Furthermore, the present invention is also directed to the use of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) for preparing a thermoplastic polyurethane foam as disclosed above, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) is used in a mixture with a crosslinker.In step (ii), one or more blowing agents (B) are added. Blowing agents (B) used may be chemically active blowing agents and / or physically active compounds. Chemical blowing agents are understood to mean compounds that form gaseous products by reaction.Physical blowing agents are understood to mean compounds that evaporate under the conditions of polyurethane formation. These are, for example, hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, and other compounds, for example perfluorinated alkanes, such as perfluorohexane, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, and ethers, esters, ketones and / or acetals, for example (cyclo)al iphatic hydrocarbons having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, hydrofluorocarbons, such as Solkane® 365 mfc, or gases, such as carbon dioxide, or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the blowing agent includes water. Suitable blowing agents include in particular linear, branched or cyclic C1-C6 hydrocarbons; a linear, branched or cyclic C1-C6 (hydro)fluorocarbon; nitrogen; oxygen ; argon; carbon dioxide ; compressed air or any combination thereof.According to the present invention, physical blowing agents are preferred.According to a further embodiment, the present invention therefore is also directed to the process as disclosed above, wherein the blowing agent comprises nitrogen, carbon dioxide or a mixture comprising nitrogen and carbon dioxide. According to a further embodiment, it is also possible to use carbon dioxide as a blowing agent in combination with a nucleating agent such as for example nitrogen or talcum.It is for example possible to add a blowing agent selected from nitrogen, carbon dioxide or mixtures thereof as a supercritical fluid is dosed into the TPU melt, preferably in an amount of 0.2-3 wt%, preferably 0.3-2 wt%, more preferably 0.4-1 .8 wt%, based on the weight of the TPU melt. During the mixing according to step (ii), the mixture preferably is kept at the elevated temperature via the heating under elevated pressure.The content of physical blowing agents (B), in a preferred embodiment, is in the range between 1 % and 20% by weight, especially 5% and 20% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the components used in the reaction.According to the invention, it is likewise possible that encapsulated, physical blowing agents are used, for example blowing agent-laden polystyrene or styrene-acrylonitrile polymers (SAN). Preference is given to using, for example, blowing agent-filled hollow polymer bodies. Suitable blowing agent-filled hollow polymer bodies are preferably based on a polymer having a lower polarity than the thermoplastic polyurethane used. They are preferably based on polystyrene or styrene-acrylonitrile polymers (SAN). For example, blowing agents used are filled hollow polymer bodies, called expandable microspheres. Expandable microspheres are hollow microspheres that consist of a thin plastic shell, preferably of polyacrylonitrile or copolymers thereof. These hollow microspheres have been filled with gas or low-boiling liquids, preferably with hydrocarbons. The effect of the temperature in the thermoplastic processing is softening of the polymer shell and simultaneous expansion of the gas enclosed. This results in expansion of the microspheres. The expansion capacity of the microspheres can be described via the determination of the TMA density [kg / m3] (StareThermal Analysis System from Mettler Toledo; heating rate 20°C / min). The TMA density here is the minimum achievable density at a particular temperature Tmax under standard pressure before the microspheres collapse. The blowing agent-filled hollow polymer bodies preferably have a diameter between 20 m and 40 pm. Blowing agent-filled hollow polymer bodies of this kind are available, for example, from Akzo Nobel, Casco Products GmbH, Essen, under the Expancel® brand. The use of blowing agent-filled hollow polymer bodies having a TMA density of less than 10 kg / m3, preferably of 2-10 kg / m3and especially of 2-7 kg / m3, in powder form or masterbatch form results in observation of a particularly fine cell structure, suppression of void formation and no formation of sinkmarks, and, moreover, the processing range, for example with regard to temperature, is much larger, and so particular preference is given to microspheres having such a TMA density. For example, suitable blowing agent-filled hollow polymer bodies have a bimodal particle size distribution. The particle sizes are chosen here such that optimized space filling of the expanded particles is possible and hence a minimum density of the resultant foam is obtained.Mixture (M2) may further include a nucleating agent. Nucleating agents serve primarily to increase cell count and decrease cell size in the foam, and may be used in an amount of about 0.1 to about 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the resin. Suitable nucleating agents are for example talc or nitrogen. Further suitable nucleating agents are disclosed in the Kunststoffhandbuch [Plastics Handbook], volume 7, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich 1966 (p. 103- 113).. According to a further embodiment, it is also possible to use carbon dioxide as a blowing agent and a nucleating agent, such as for example nitrogen.Other auxiliaries and / or additives are known per se to those skilled in the art. Suitable auxiliaries and additives can be found, for example, in the Kunststoffhandbuch [Plastics Handbook], volume 7, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich 1966 (p. 103-113). Examples of auxiliaries and additives include surface-active substances, flame retardants, antistatic additives nucleating agents, oxidation stabilizers, antioxidants, lubricants and demolding aids, dyes and pigments, stabilizers, for example against hydrolysis, light, heat or discoloration, inorganic and / or organic fillers, reinforcers and plasticizers.In the context of the present invention, the mixture (M2) may also comprise further components such as further polymers. Suitable polymers might for example be selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polyamides, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polylactic acid, polybutylene succinate, polyethylene terephthalate, ethylene vinylacetat copolymers or from the group of thermoplastic elastomers. Suitable amounts of the further polymer may be in the range of from 0.1 to 20 % by weight based on the weight of the mixture (M2), preferably in the range of from 1 to 15 % by weight based on the weight of the mixture (M2), more preferable in the range of from 2 to 10 % by weight based on the weight of the mixture (M2).According to the present invention, it is also possible to include further parts such as compact shaped articles, such as for example lattices or networks, in the mold before mixture (M2) is injected to prepare a foam including the respective shaped article. According to a further embodiment, the present invention therefore is also directed to the process as disclosed above, wherein a shaped body is introduced into the mold prior to step (iii).The shaped article may comprise a polymer, in particular a thermoplastic polymer, for example a polymer selected from polycarbonates, polyolefins, styrenic polymers, acrylic polymers, polyoxymethylene polymers, polyamides, polyphenylene oxides, polyphenylene sulfides, polyvinylchlorides, chlorinated polyvinylchlorides, polylactic acids, or combinations thereof, in particular a thermoplastic polyurethane. It is particularly advantageous to use a shaped article which comprises a thermoplastic polyurethane which is obtained from the same polyol and / or same isocyanate and / or same chain extender as the thermoplastic polyurethane foam.The present invention relates to thermoplastic polyurethane foams obtainable or obtained by the process of the present invention. The foams have a density in the range of from 100 to 220 kg / m3, preferably in the range of from 100 to 200 kg / m3, in particular in the range of from 100 to 170 kg / m3or from greater than 170 to 220 kg / m3, and preferably an average cell size with a diameter of less than 2 mm, preferably less than 1 mm, especially less than 0.5 mm. The present invention also relates to an article comprising the thermoplastic polyurethane foams obtainable or obtained by the process of the present invention. Such article may be footwear, such as shoe sole.It has been found that the foams according to the present invention have an improved tear resistance in combination with an improved compression set.The foams obtained via the process of the present invention, with the advantageous properties listed above, are thus suitable for many applications that require light weight and excellent rebound resilience. These applications include, but not limited to, sporting goods, shoe parts (such as shoe sole), toys, automotive parts, packing materials and leisure goods.According to a further aspect, the present invention is also directed to a thermoplastic polyurethane foam obtained or obtainable according to the process as disclosed above.According to a further aspect, the present invention is also directed to a thermoplastic polyurethane foam comprising a (TPU*) which is prepared from a polyol composition (PC) comprising at least one polyol (P1) with a molecular weight Mn in the range of from 500 to 5000 g / mol, preferably in the range of from 550 to 3000 g / mol, which does not show a degree of soft phase crystallization visible by an endothermal peak in the temperature range of -10 to 20 °C with an enthalpy of greater than 0.7 mJ / mg TPU in the first heating run of a dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2013 with a heating rate of 20 °C / min after a pre-treatment including an annealing step and a separate drying step at 100 °C for 10 min immediately before the measurement.According to a further aspect, the present invention is also directed to a molded body comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane foam obtained or obtainable according to the process as disclosed above or a thermoplastic polyurethane as disclosed above.The invention further provides for the use of a thermoplastic polyurethane foam of the invention as described above for consumer articles, preferably selected from the group consisting of footwear, in parts for automotive, sport and leisure, or furniture.According to a further aspect, the present invention is also directed to a process preferably a process as disclosed above, comprising the step: converting the thermoplastic polyurethane foam and / or thermoplastic polyurethane foam obtainable by or obtained by the process as disclosed above or a chemical material obtainable by or obtained by the process as disclosed above to obtain a product.According to a further embodiment, the present invention is also directed to a process as disclosed above, wherein the product is selected from:I) building block or monomer; orII) polymer, preferably polymer A, polymer composition, preferably polymer composition A, or polymer product, preferably polymer product A; or ill) aqueous polymer dispersion, preferably polyurethane or polyurethane - poly(meth)acrylate hybrid polymer dispersion, emulsion, binder for paper and fiber coatings, UV-curable acrylic polymer for hot melts and coatings polyisocyanates, hyperbranched polyester polyol, polymeric dispersant for inorganic binder compositions, unsaturated polyester polyol or 100% curable composition; or iv) polymer B, polymer composition B, coating composition, other functional composition, foil, molded body, coating or coated substrate.According to a further embodiment, the present invention is also directed to a process as disclosed above, wherein the content of the polymeric material (PM) in the polymer product is 1 weight-% or more, preferably 2 weight- % or more, more preferably 5 weight-% or more, more preferably 15 weight-% or more, more preferably 30 weight-% or more, more preferably 40 weight-% or more, more preferably 60 weight-% or more, more preferably 80 weight-% or more, more preferably 90 weight-% or more, more preferably 95 weight-% or more; and / or wherein the content of the polymeric material (PM) in the polymer product is 100 weight-% or less, preferably 95 weight-% or less, more preferably 90 weight-% or less, more preferably 50 weight-% or less, more preferably 25 weight-% or less, more preferably 10 weight-% or less; and preferably wherein the content is determined based on identity preservation and / or segregation and / or mass balance and / or book and claim chain of custody models, preferably based on mass balance, preferably the International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) standard.The publication Prior Art Disclosure; Issue 684; paragraphs

[1000] to

[8005] ; ISSN: 2198-4786; published: February 12, 2024 will be regarded as Reference RF1, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Preferably, theproduct is a product as described in Reference RF1; paragraphs

[1000] to

[8005] , Preferably, the process described herein is further a process for the production of a product.The converting step to obtain the product preferably comprises one or more step(s) as described below and can be performed by conventional methods well known to a person skilled in the art. The converting step preferably comprises one or more step(s) selected from: recycling, preferably depolymerizing, gasifying, pyrolyzing, and / or steam cracking; and / or purifying, preferably crystallizing, (solvent) extracting, distilling, evaporating, hydrotreating, absorbing, adsorbing and / or subjecting to ion exchanger; and / or assembling, preferably foaming, synthesizing, chemical conversion, chemically transforming, polymerizing and / or compounding; and / or forming, preferably foaming, extruding and / or molding; and / or finishing, preferably coating and / or smoothing.In addition, the one or more step(s) are described in detail in Reference RF1; paragraphs

[1000] to

[8005] ,The term "building block”, as used herein, comprises compounds, which are in a gaseous or liquid state under standard conditions of 0°C and 0.1 MPa. Building blocks are typically used in chemical industry to form secondary products, which provide a higher structural complexity and / or higher molecular weight than the building block on which the secondary product is based. The building block is preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxid, ethylene oxide, ethylene glycols, syngas comprising a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatic compounds. The alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatic compounds comprise in particular 1 to 12 carbon atoms, respectively.The term "monomer”, as used herein, comprises molecules, which can react with each other to form polymer chains by polymerization.The building block can further be an intermediate compound. The term "intermediate compound”, as used herein, comprises organic reagents, which are applied for formation of compounds with higher molecular complexity. The intermediate compound can be selected for example from the group consisting of phosgene, polyisocyanates and propylene oxide. The polyisocyanates are in particular aromatic di- and polyisocyanates, preferably toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and / or diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI).The building block and the monomer and typical converting step(s) to obtain the building block or monomer are described in more detail in paragraphs

[1000] to

[1012] of Reference RF1.The term "polymer A”, as used herein, comprises thermoplastic, e.g., polyamide or thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoset, e.g., polyurethane, elastomer, e.g., polybutadiene, or a copolymer or a mixture thereof and is defined in more detail in paragraphs

[2001] to

[2007] of Reference RF1.The term "polymer composition A”, as used herein, comprises all compositions comprising a polymer as described above and one or more additive(s), e.g. reinforcement, colorant, modifier and / or flame retardant, and is defined in more detail in paragraph

[2008] of Reference RF1.The term "polymer product A”, as used herein, comprises any product comprising the polymer A and / or polymer composition A as described above and is defined in more detail in paragraphs

[2009] and

[2010] of Reference RF1. The step(s) to obtain the polymer, preferably polymer A, polymer composition, preferably polymer composition A or polymer product, preferably polymer product A is / are described in more detail in paragraph

[2011] of Reference RF1 .The term "industrial use polymer”, as used herein, comprises rheology, polycarboxylate, alkoxylated polyalkylenamine, alkoxylated polyalkylenimine, polyether-based, dye inhibition and soil release cleaning polymers defined in more detail in paragraphs

[3035] to

[3044] of Reference RF1. The term "industrial use surfactant”, as used herein, comprises non-ionic, anionic and amphoteric industrial use surfactants defined in more detail in paragraphs

[3008] to

[3034] of Reference RF1. The term "industrial use descaling compound”, as used herein, comprises non-phosphate based builders (NPB) and phosphonates (CoP) described in more detail in paragraphs

[3001] to

[3005] of Reference RF1. The term "industrial use biocide”, as used herein, refers to a chemical compound that kills microorganisms or inhibits their growth or reproduction defined in more detail in paragraphs

[3006] to

[3007] of Reference RF1. The term "industrial use solvent”, as used herein, comprises alkyl amides, alkyl lactamides, alkyl esters, lactate esters, alkyl diester, cyclic alkyl diester, cyclic carbonates, aromatic aldehydes and aromatic esters defined in more detail in paragraphs

[3045] to

[3055] of Reference RF1. The term "industrial use dispersant”, as used herein, comprises anionic and non-ionic industrial use dispersants defined in more detail in paragraphs

[3056] to

[3058] of Reference RF1 . The term "composition and / or formulation thereof' with reference to the industrial use polymers, industrial use surfactants, descaling compounds and / or industrial use biocides refers to industrial use compositions and / or institutional use products and / or fabric and home care products and / or personal care products defined in more detail in paragraph

[3059] of Reference RF1. The converting step(s) to obtain the industrial use polymer, industrial use surfactant, descaling compound and / or industrial use biocide are defined in more detail in paragraph

[3060] of Reference RF1 . The converting steps to obtain the industrial use composition or formulation of the industrial use polymer, industrial use surfactant, descaling compound and / or industrial use biocide are defined in more detail in paragraph

[3061] of Reference RF1.The term "aqueous polymer dispersion”, as used herein, comprises aqueous composition(s) comprising dispersed polymer(s) and is defined in more detail in the section

[6001] entitled "aqueous polymer dispersion” of Reference RF1. The dispersed polymer(s) may be selected from acrylic emulsion polymer(s), styrene acrylic emulsion poly- mer(s), styrene butadiene dispersion(s), aqueous dispersion(s) comprising composite particles, acrylate alkyd hybrid dispersion(s), polyurethane(s) (including UV-curable polyurethanes) and polyurethane - poly(meth)acrylate hybrid polymer(s). The term "emulsion polymer”, as used herein, comprises polymer(s) made by free-radical emulsion polymerization. Aqueous polyurethane dispersion(s) are defined in more detail in the section

[6002] entitled "Polyurethane dispersions” of Reference RF1. UV-curable polyurethane(s) is / are defined in more detail in the section

[6017] of Reference RF1. Polyurethane - poly(meth)acrylate hybrid polymer(s) is / are defined in more detail in the section

[6016] of Reference RF1 .The term "polymeric dispersant”, as used herein, comprises preferably polymer(s) comprising polyether side chain, in particular polycarboxylate ether polymer(s) and polycondensation product(s) defined in more detail in paragraph

[6020] entitled "Polymeric dispersant” of Reference RF1.The converting (polymerization) step(s) to obtain the aqueous polymer dispersion(s) comprising emulsion polymer(s) is / are defined in more detail in the section

[6003] entitled "Emulsion polymerization” of Reference RF1.The converting (polymerization) step(s) to obtain the aqueous polyurethane dispersion(s) is / are defined in more detail in the section

[6014] entitled "Process for the preparation of aqueous polyurethane dispersions” and section [6017)] entitled "Aqueous UV-curable polyurethane dispersions, their preparation and use and compositions containing them” of Reference RF1 .Composition(s) and uses of aqueous polymer dispersion(s) and of polymeric dispersant(s) are defined in more detail in the following sections of Reference RF1 : section

[6004] entitled "Uses of aqueous polymer dispersions”, section

[6005] entitled "Binders for architectural and construction coatings” section

[6006] entitled "Binders for paper coating” section

[6007] entitled "Binders for fiber bonding” section

[6008] entitled "Adhesive polymers and adhesive compositions” section

[6015] entitled "Aqueous polyurethane dispersions suitable for use in coating compositions” section

[6016] entitled "Aqueous polyurethane - poly(meth)acrylate hybride polymer dispersions suitable for use in coating compositions” section

[6017] entitled "Aqueous UV-curable polyurethane dispersions, their preparation and use and compositions containing them” section

[6018] entitled "Inorganic binder compositions comprising polymeric dispersants and their use”

[6019] 100% curable coating compositionsPolyisocyanate(s), composition(s) comprising them and their uses are defined in more detail in section

[6010] entitled "Polyisocyanates” of Reference RF1.Hyperbranched polyester polyol(s) and its / their uses are defined in more detail in section

[6011] entitled "Organic solvent based hyperbranched polyester polyols suitable for use in coating compositions” of Reference RF1. The converting step(s) to obtain the hyperbranched polyester polyols is / are defined in more detail in the section

[6012] entitled "Preparation of organic solvent based hyperbranched polyester polyols” of Reference RF1 . Coating compositions) comprising hyperbranched polyester polyol(s), polyisocyanate(s) and additive(s) and substrate(s) coated therewith are defined in more detail in section

[6013] entitled "Organic solvent based two component coating compositions comprising hyperbranched polyester polyols and polyisocyanates” of Reference RF1.Unsaturated polyester polyol(s), solvent-based coating composition(s) comprising said unsaturated polyester pol- yol(s) and substrate(s) for coating with said coating composition(s) are defined in more detail in section

[6018] entitled "Organic solvent based coating composition comprising unsaturated polyester polyols” of Reference RF1. 100% curable coating composition(s) is / are defined in more detail in section

[6019] of Reference RF1.Polymeric dispersant(s) for inorganic binder compositions is / are defined in more detail in section

[6020] of Reference RF1. The inorganic binder composition(s) comprising the polymeric dispersants and their use are defined in more detail in section

[6021] of Reference RF1. The converting step(s) to obtain the polymeric dispersant(s) are defined in more detail in section

[6020] of Reference RF1. The term "inorganic binder composition” comprising the polymeric dispersant(s), as used herein, comprises preferably in particular hydraulically setting compositions and compositions comprising calcium sulfate and is defined in more detail in section

[6021] of Reference RF1 entitled "Inorganic binder compositions comprising the polymeric dispersant and their use”. Specific building material formulation(s) comprising polymeric dispersant(s) or building product(s) produced by a building material formulation comprising a polymeric dispersant are disclosed in more detail in section

[6021] of Reference RF1.The terms "polymer B”, "polymer composition B”, "coating composition”, "other functional composition”, "foil”, "molded body”, "coating” and "coated substrate” are well known to the person skilled in the art and are defined in more detail from paragraph

[8000] to

[8005] of Reference RF1.The present invention is further illustrated by the following set of embodiments and combinations of embodiments resulting from the dependencies and back-references as indicated. In particular, it is noted that in each instance where a range of embodiments is mentioned, for example in the context of a term such as "The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 3", every embodiment in this range is meant to be explicitly disclosed for the skilled person, i.e. the wording of this term is to be understood by the skilled person as being synonymous to "The process of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3". Further, it is explicitly noted that the following set of embodiments represents a suitably structured part of the general description directed to preferred aspects of the present invention, and, thus, suitably supports, but does not represent the claims of the present invention.1. A thermoplastic polyurethane foam obtained by foam injection molding with a density in the range of from 100 to 220 kg / m3comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) and a compression set below 45% determined according to ASTM D395:2018.2. The thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to embodiment 1, wherein (TPU*) is prepared from a polyol composition (PC) comprising at least one polyol (P1) with a molecular weight Mn in the range of from 500 to 5000 g / mol, preferably in the range of from 550 to 3000 g / mol, which does not show a degree of soft phase crystallization visible by an endothermal peak in the temperature range of -10 to 20 °C with an enthalpy of greater than 0.7 mJ / mg TPU in the first heating run of a dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to DINEN ISO 11357-3:2013 with a heating rate of 20 °C / min after a pre-treatment including an annealing step and a separate drying step at 100 °C for 10 min immediately before the measurement and which has a melt flow rate (MFR) of > 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133- 1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston or a melt flow rate (MFR) in the range of from 5 to 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston3. The thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane foam comprises a cell stabilizer or a crosslinker or a combination thereof.4. The thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to any one of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein polyol (P1) is selected from the group consisting of polypropylene glycols, polytetrahydrofuranes, polytrimethylene oxides polyadipates, polycarbonates, and polycaprolactones.5. The thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to any one of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein polyol (P1) is selected from homopolymers with a molecular weight in the range from 500 to 5000 g / mol, in particular in the range of from 1000 to 1500 g / mol or blockcopolymers with at least one polyether block, which has a molecular weight in the range from 1000 to 1500 g / mol.6. The thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to embodiment 1 or 5, wherein polyol (P1) is selected from polytetrahydrofuranes with a molecular weight in the range from 500 to 5000 g / mol, in particular in the range of from 1000 to 1500 g / mol.7. The thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to any one of embodiments 1 to 6, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane is prepared from a linear aliphatic diisocyanate, preferably selected from the group consisting of pentamethylene-1,5-diisocyanate and hexamethylene 1,6-di isocyan ate.8. A thermoplastic polyurethane foam obtained by foam injection molding with a density in the range of from 100 to 220 kg / m3comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) which is prepared from a polyol composition (PC) comprising at least one polyol (P1) with a molecular weight Mn in the range of from 500 to 5000 g / mol, preferably in the range of from 550 to 3000 g / mol, which does not show a degree of soft phase crystallization visible by an endothermal peak in the temperature range of -10 to 20 °C with an enthalpy of greater than 0.7 mJ / mg TPU in the first heating run of a dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to DIN EN ISO 11357- 3:2013 with a heating rate of 20 °C / min after a pre-treatment including an annealing step and a separate drying step at 100 °C for 10 min immediately before the measurement and which has a melt flow rate (MFR) of > 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston or a melt flow rate (MFR) in therange of from 5 to 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133- 1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston. The thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to embodiment 8, wherein the foam has a density in the range of from 100 to 170 kg / m3and the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) has a melt flow rate (MFR) in the range of from 5 to 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133- 1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston or the foam has a density in the range of from greater than 170 to 220 kg / m3and the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) has a melt flow rate (MFR) in the range of from greater than 50 to 200 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston. The thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to embodiment 8 or 9, wherein polyol (P1) is selected from the group consisting of polypropylene glycols, polytetrahydrofuranes, polytrimethylene oxides polyadipates, polycarbonates, and polycaprolactones. The thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to any one of embodiments 8 to 10, wherein polyol (P1) is selected from homopolymers with a molecular weight in the range from 500 to 5000 g / mol, in particular in the range of from 1000 to 1500 g / mol or blockcopolymers with at least one polyether block, which has a molecular weight in the range from 1000 to 1500 g / mol. The thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to any one of embodiments 8 to 11, wherein polyol (P1) is selected from polytetrahydrofuranes with a molecular weight in the range from 500 to 5000 g / mol, in particular in the range of from 1000 to 1500 g / mol. The thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to any one of embodiments 8 to 12, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane is prepared from a linear aliphatic diisocyanate, preferably selected from the group consisting of pentamethylene-1,5-diisocyanate and hexamethylene 1 ,6-diisocyanate. The thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to any one of embodiments 8 to 13, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane foam comprises a cell stabilizer or a crosslinker or a combination thereof. Use of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) which is prepared from a polyol composition (PC) comprising at least one polyol (P1) with a molecular weight Mn in the range of from 500 to 5000 g / mol, preferably in the range of from 550 to 3000 g / mol, which does not show a degree of soft phase crystallization visible by an endothermal peak in the temperature range of -10 to 20 °C with an enthalpy of greater than 0.7 mJ / mg TPU in the first heating run of a dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2013 with a heating rate of 20 °C / min after a pre-treatment including an annealing step and a separate drying step at 100°C for 10 min immediately before the measurement and which has a melt flow rate (MFR) of > 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston, for preparing a thermoplastic polyurethane foam, in particular for preparing a thermoplastic polyurethane foam by injection molding or a melt flow rate (MFR) in the range of from 5 to 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston. The use according to embodiment 15, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) is used in a mixture with a cell stabilizer. The use according to any one of embodiments 15 or 16, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) is used in a mixture with a crosslinker. The use according to any one of embodiments 15 to 17, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) is used in a mixture with a crosslinker and a cell stabilizer. The use according to any one of embodiments 15 to 18, wherein polyol (P1) is selected from the group consisting of polypropylene glycols, polytetrahydrofuranes, polytrimethylene oxides polyadipates, polycarbonates, and polycaprolactones. The use according to any one of embodiments 15 to 19, wherein polyol (P1) is selected from homopolymers with a molecular weight in the range from 500 to 5000 g / mol, in particular in the range of from 1000 to 1500 g / mol or blockcopolymers with at least one polyether block, which has a molecular weight in the range from 1000 to 1500 g / mol. The use according to any one of embodiments 15 to 20, wherein polyol (P1) is selected from polytetrahydrofuranes with a molecular weight in the range from 500 to 5000 g / mol, in particular in the range of from 1000 to 1500 g / mol. The use according to any one of embodiments 15 to 21, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane is prepared from a linear aliphatic diisocyanate, preferably selected from the group consisting of pentamethylene-1,5- diisocyanate and hexamethylene 1 ,6-diisocyanate. The use according to any one of embodiments 15 to 22, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane foam has a density in the range of from 100 to 220 kg / m3. Process for preparing a thermoplastic polyurethane foam comprising(i) providing a melt (M1) comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*);(II) adding a blowing agent (B) to the melt (M1) to obtain a mixture (M2);(ill) injecting the mixture (M2) into a mold to obtain a foam; wherein (TPU*) is prepared from a polyol composition (PC) comprising at least one polyol (P1) with a molecular weight Mn in the range of from 500 to 5000 g / mol, preferably in the range of from 550 to 3000 g / mol, which does not show a degree of soft phase crystallization visible by an endothermal peak in the temperature range of -10 to 20 °C with an enthalpy of greater than 0.7 mJ / mg TPU in the first heating run of a dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2013 with a heating rate of 20 °C / min after a pre-treat- ment including an annealing step and a separate drying step at 100 °C for 10 min immediately before the measurement; wherein mixture (M2) optionally comprises one or more of components selected from cell stabililizers, crosslinking agents, UV / antioxidation stabilizers, pigments, waxes, further additives and poymers.25. The process according to embodiment 24, wherein (TPU*) has a melt flow rate (MFR) of > 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston or a melt flow rate (MFR) in the range of from 5 to 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston.26. The process according to embodiment 24 or 25, herein the thermoplastic polyurethane foam has a density in the range of from 100 to 220 kg / m3.27. The process according to any one of embodiments 24 to 26, wherein polyol (P1) is selected from the group consisting of polypropylene glycols, polytetrahydrofuranes, polytrimethylene oxides polyadipates, polycarbonates, and polycaprolactones.28. The process according to any one of embodiments 24 to 27, wherein polyol (P1) is selected from homopolymers with a molecular weight in the range from 500 to 5000 g / mol, in particular in the range of from 1000 to 1500 g / mol or blockcopolymers with at least one polyether block, which has a molecular weight in the range from 1000 to 1500 g / mol.29. The process according to any one of embodiments 24 to 28, wherein polyol (P1 ) is selected from polytetrahydrofuranes with a molecular weight in the range from 500 to 5000 g / mol, in particular in the range of from 1000 to 1500 g / mol.30. The process according to any one of embodiments 24 to 29, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane is prepared from a linear aliphatic diisocyanate, preferably selected from the group consisting of pentamethylene- 1 ,5-diisocyanate and hexamethylene 1 ,6-diisocyanate.31 . The process according to any one of embodiments 24 to 30, wherein in step (ii) a cell stabilizer is added to the mixture.32. The process according to any one of embodiments 24 to 31 , wherein in step (ii), a crosslinker is added to the mixture.33. The process according to any one of embodiments 24 to 32, wherein in step (ii), a crosslinker and a cell stabilizer are added to the mixture.34. The process according to any one of embodiments 24 to 33, wherein the blowing agent is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, carbon dioxide or a mixture comprising nitrogen and carbon dioxide.35. The process according to any one of embodiments 24 to 34, wherein a shaped body is introduced into the mold prior to step (ill).36. A molded body comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane foam obtained or obtainable according to the process according to any one of embodiments 24 to 35 or a thermoplastic polyurethane according to any one of embodiments 1 to 14.37. Use of a thermoplastic polyurethane foam obtained or obtainable according to the process according to any one of embodiments 24 to 35 or a thermoplastic polyurethane according to any one of embodiments 1 to 14 in industrial applications, consumer applications, construction applications, sporting goods, toys, automotive parts, packing materials, footwear, in parts for automotive, sport and leisure, or furniture.38. Process, preferably according to any one of the embodiments 24 to 35, comprising the step: converting the thermoplastic polyurethane foam obtainable by or obtained by the process according to any one of embodiments 24 to 35 or a chemical material obtainable by or obtained by the process according to any one of embodiments 24 to 35 to obtain a product.39. Process according to embodiment 38, wherein the product is selected from:I) building block or monomer; orii) polymer, preferably polymer A, polymer composition, preferably polymer composition A, or polymer product, preferably polymer product A; or ill) aqueous polymer dispersion, preferably polyurethane or polyurethane - poly(meth)acrylate hybrid polymer dispersion, emulsion, binder for paper and fiber coatings, UV-curable acrylic polymer for hot melts and coatings polyisocyanates, hyperbranched polyester polyol, polymeric dispersant for inorganic binder compositions, unsaturated polyester polyol or 100% curable composition; or iv) polymer B, polymer composition B, coating composition, other functional composition, foil, molded body, coating or coated substrate Process according to any one of embodiments 38 or 39, wherein the content of the polymeric material (PM) in the product is 1 weight-% or more, preferably 2 weight- % or more, more preferably 5 weight-% or more, more preferably 15 weight-% or more, more preferably 30 weight-% or more, more preferably 40 weight-% or more, more preferably 60 weight-% or more, more preferably 80 weight-% or more, more preferably 90 weight-% or more, more preferably 95 weight-% or more; and / or wherein the content of the polymeric material (PM) in the polymer product is 100 weight-% or less, preferably 95 weight-% or less, more preferably 90 weight-% or less, more preferably 50 weight-% or less, more preferably 25 weight-% or less, more preferably 10 weight-% or less; and preferably wherein the content is determined based on identity preservation and / or segregation and / or mass balance and / or book and embodiment chain of custody models, preferably based on mass balance, preferably the International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) standard. A thermoplastic polyurethane foam obtained by foam injection molding with a density in the range of from 100 to 220 kg / m3comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) and a compression set below 45% determined according to ASTM D395:2018. The thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to embodiment 41 , wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane foam comprises a crosslinker, a cell stabilizer or a combination thereof. A thermoplastic polyurethane foam obtained by foam injection molding with a density in the range of from 100 to 220 kg / m3comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) and a compression set below 45% determined according to ASTM D395:2018, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane foam comprises a crosslinker. A thermoplastic polyurethane foam obtained by foam injection molding with a density in the range of from 100 to 220 kg / m3comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) and a compression set below 45% determined according to ASTM D395:2018, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane foam comprises a cell stabilizer. The thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to any one of embodiments 41 to 44, wherein the foam has a density in the range of from greater than 170 to 220 kg / m3and the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) has amelt flow rate (MFR) in the range of from greater than 50 to 200 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston.46. The thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to any one of embodiments 41 to 45, wherein the foam has a density in the range of from 100 to 170 kg / m3and the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) has a melt flow rate (MFR) in the range of from 5 to 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston.47. The thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to any one of embodiments 41 to 46, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) is prepared from a polyol composition (PC) comprising at least one polyol (P1) with a molecular weight Mn in the range of from 500 to 5000 g / mol, preferably in the range of from 550 to 3000 g / mol, which does not show a degree of soft phase crystallization visible by an endothermal peak in the temperature range of -10 to 20 °C with an enthalpy of greater than 0.7 mJ / mg, preferably wherein polyol (P1) is selected from the group consisting of polypropylene glycols, polytetrahydrofuranes, polytrimethylene oxids, polyadipates, polycarbonates, and polycaprolactones, in particular . wherein polyol (P1) is selected from homopolymers with a molecular weight in the range from 500 to 5000, in particular in the range of from 1000 to 1500 g / mol or blockcopolymers with at least one polyether block, which has a molecular weight in the range from 1000 to 1500 g / mol I.48. Use of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) for preparing a thermoplastic polyurethane foam, in particular for preparing a thermoplastic polyurethane foam by injection molding, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) is prepared from a polyol composition (PC) comprising at least one polyol (P1) with a molecular weight Mn in the range of from 500 to 5000 g / mol, preferably in the range of from 550 to 3000 g / mol, which does not show a degree of soft phase crystallization visible by an endothermal peak in the temperature range of -10 to 20 °C with an enthalpy of greater than 0.7 mJ / mg in the first heating run of a dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2013 with a heating rate of 20 °C / min after a pre-treatment including an annealing step and a separate drying step at 100 °C for 10 min immediately before the measurement and wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) has a melt flow rate (MFR) of > 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston, or a melt flow rate (MFR) in the range of from 5 to 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston.49. Use of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) for preparing a thermoplastic polyurethane foam by injection molding, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) is prepared from a polyol composition (PC) comprising at least one polyol (P1) with a molecular weight Mn in the range of from 500 to 5000 g / mol, preferably in the range of from 550 to 3000 g / mol, which does not show a degree of soft phase crystallization visible by anendothermal peak in the temperature range of -10 to 20 °C with an enthalpy of greater than 0.7 mJ / mg in the first heating run of a dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2013 with a heating rate of 20 °C / min after a pre-treatment including an annealing step and a separate drying step at 100 °C for 10 min immediately before the measurement and wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) has a melt flow rate (MFR) in the range of from 5 to 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston.50. Use of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) for preparing a thermoplastic polyurethane foam by injection molding, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) is prepared from a polyol composition (PC) comprising at least one polyol (P1) with a molecular weight Mn in the range of from 500 to 5000 g / mol, preferably in the range of from 550 to 3000 g / mol, which does not show a degree of soft phase crystallization visible by an endothermal peak in the temperature range of -10 to 20 °C with an enthalpy of greater than 0.7 mJ / mg in the first heating run of a dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2013 with a heating rate of 20 °C / min after a pre-treatment including an annealing step and a separate drying step at 100 °C for 10 min immediately before the measurement and wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) has a melt flow rate (MFR) of > 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston.51 . The use according to any one of embodiments 48 to 50, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) is used in a mixture with a cell stabilizer or a crosslinker or a combination thereof.52. The use according to any one of embodiments 48 to 51 , wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane foam has a density in the range of from 100 to 220 kg / m3.53. The use according to any one of embodiments 48 to 51 , wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane foam has a density in the range of from 100 to 170 kg / m3.54. The use according to any one of embodiments 48 to 51 , wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane foam has a density in the range of from greater than 170 to 220 kg / m3.55. Process for preparing a thermoplastic polyurethane foam comprising(i) providing a melt (M1) comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*);(ii) adding a blowing agent (B) to the melt (M1) to obtain a mixture (M2);(iii) injecting the mixture (M2) into a mold to obtain a foam;wherein (TPU*) is prepared from a polyol composition (PC) comprising at least one polyol (P1) with a molecular weight Mn in the range of from 500 to 5000 g / mol, preferably in the range of from 550 to 3000 g / mol, which does not show a degree of soft phase crystallization visible by an endothermal peak in the temperature range of -10 to 20 °C with an enthalpy of greater than 0.7 mJ / mg in the first heating run of a dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2013 with a heating rate of 20 °C / min after a pre-treatment including an annealing step and a separate drying step at 100 °C for 10 min immediately before the measurement; wherein mixture (M2) optionally comprises one or more of components selected from cell stabililizers, crosslinking agents, UV / antioxidation stabilizers, pigments, waxes, further additives and poymers. The process according to embodiment 55, wherein (TPU*) has a melt flow rate (MFR) of > 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston and wherein the foam has a density in the range of from greater than 170 to 220 kg / m3. The process according to embodiment 55, wherein (TPU*) has a melt flow rate (MFR) in the range of from 5 to 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston and wherein the foam has a density in the range of from 100 to 170 kg / m3. The process according to any one of embodiments 55 to 57, wherein polyol (P1) is selected from homopolymers with a molecular weight in the range from 500 to 5000 g / mol, in particular in the range of from 1000 to 1500 g / mol or blockcopolymers with at least one polyether block, which has a molecular weight in the range from 1000 to 1500 g / mol. The process according to any one of embodiments 55 to 58, wherein in step (II) a cell stabilizer or a crosslinker or a combination thereof is added to the mixture. The process according to any one of embodiments 55 to 59, wherein the blowing agent is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, carbon dioxide or a mixture comprising nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The process according to any one of embodiments 55 to 60, wherein a shaped body is introduced into the mold prior to step (ill). A molded body comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane foam obtained or obtainable according to the process according to any one of embodiments 55 to 61 or a thermoplastic polyurethane according to any one of embodiments 41 to 47.63. Use of a thermoplastic polyurethane foam obtained or obtainable according to the process according to any one of embodiments 55 to 61 or a thermoplastic polyurethane according to any one of embodiments 41 to 47 in industrial applications, consumer applications, construction applications, sporting goods, toys, automotive parts, packing materials, footwear, in parts for automotive, sport and leisure, or furniture.64. A thermoplastic polyurethane foam obtained by foam injection molding with a density in the range of from 100 to 220 kg / m3comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) and a compression set below 45% determined according to ASTM D395:2018.65. The thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to embodiment 64, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane foam comprises a crosslinker, a cell stabilizer or a combination thereof.66 The thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to embodiment 64 or 65, wherein the foam has a density in the range of from greater than 170 to 220 kg / m3and the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) has a melt flow rate (MFR) in the range of from greater than 50 to 200 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21 .6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston.67. The thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to embodiment 64 or 65, wherein the foam has a density in the range of from 100 to 170 kg / m3and the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) has a melt flow rate (MFR) in the range of from 5 to 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston.68. The thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to any one of embodiments 64 to 67, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) is prepared from a polyol composition (PC) comprising at least one polyol (P1) with a molecular weight Mn in the range of from 500 to 5000 g / mol, preferably in the range of from 550 to 3000 g / mol, which does not show a degree of soft phase crystallization visible by an endothermal peak in the temperature range of -10 to 20 °C with an enthalpy of greater than 0.7 mJ / mg, preferably wherein polyol (P1) is selected from the group consisting of polypropylene glycols, polytetrahydrofuranes, polytrimethylene oxids, polyadipates, polycarbonates, and polycaprolactones, in particular . wherein polyol (P1) is selected from homopolymers with a molecular weight in the range from 500 to 5000, in particular in the range of from 1000 to 1500 g / mol or blockcopolymers with at least one polyether block, which has a molecular weight in the range from 1000 to 1500 g / mol I.69. The thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to any one of embodiments 64 to 68, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) comprises polyester blocks.70. The thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to any one of embodiments 64 to 69, wherein the difference between the crystallization temperature Tcrystand the melting temperature Tmof the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) is 60°C or less.71 . A thermoplastic polyurethane composition for foam injection molding consisting of a thermoplastic polyurethane prepared by reacting a polyol composition (PC) comprising at least one polyol (P1) with a molecular weight Mn in the range of from 500 to 5000 g / mol, preferably in the range of from 550 to 3000 g / mol, which does not show a degree of soft phase crystallization visible by an endothermal peak in the temperature range of -10 to 20 °C with an enthalpy of greater than 0.7 mJ / mg in the first heating run of a dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2013 with a heating rate of 20 °C / min after a pretreatment including an annealing step and a separate drying step at 100 °C for 10 min immediately before the measurement an isocyanate, and a chain extrender, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) has a melt flow rate (MFR) of > 50 g / min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston, or a melt flow rate (MFR) in the range of from 5 to 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston, and optionally a cell stabilizer or a crosslinker or a combination thereof.72. A thermoplastic polyurethane composition for foam injection molding consisting of a thermoplastic polyurethane prepared by reacting a polyol composition (PC) comprising polyester blocks an isocyanate, and a chain extrender, wherein the wherein the difference between the crystallization temperature Tcryst and the melting temperature Tmof the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) is 60°C or less, and optionally a cell stabilizer or a crosslinker or a combination thereof.72. Use of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) for preparing a thermoplastic polyurethane foam, in particular for preparing a thermoplastic polyurethane foam by injection molding, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) is prepared from a polyol composition (PC) comprising at least one polyol (P 1) with a molecular weight Mn in the range of from 500 to 5000 g / mol, preferably in the range of from 550 to 3000 g / mol, which does not show a degree of soft phase crystallization visible by an endothermal peak in the temperature range of -10 to20 °C with an enthalpy of greater than 0.7 mJ / mg in the first heating run of a dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2013 with a heating rate of 20 °C / min after a pre-treatment including an annealing step and a separate drying step at 100 °C for 10 min immediately before the measurement and wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) has a melt flow rate (MFR) of > 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston, or a melt flow rate (MFR) in the range of from 5 to 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston.73. Use of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) for preparing a thermoplastic polyurethane foam, in particular for preparing a thermoplastic polyurethane foam by injection molding, wherein the difference between the crystallization temperature Tcryst and the melting temperature Tmof the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) is 60°C or less.74 The use according to embodiment 72 or 73, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) is used in a mixture with a cell stabilizer or a crosslinker or a combination thereof.75. The use according to any one of embodiments 72 to 75, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane foam has a density in the range of from 100 to 220 kg / m3.76. Process for preparing a thermoplastic polyurethane foam comprising(I) providing a melt (M1) comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*);(II) adding a blowing agent (B) to the melt (M1) to obtain a mixture (M2);(ill) injecting the mixture (M2) into a mold to obtain a foam; wherein (TPU*) is prepared from a polyol composition (PC) comprising at least one polyol (P1) with a molecular weight Mn in the range of from 500 to 5000 g / mol, preferably in the range of from 550 to 3000 g / mol, which does not show a degree of soft phase crystallization visible by an endothermal peak in the temperature range of -10 to 20 °C with an enthalpy of greater than 0.7 mJ / mg in the first heating run of a dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2013 with a heating rate of 20 °C / min after a pre-treatment including an annealing step and a separate drying step at 100 °C for 10 min immediately before the measurement; wherein mixture (M2) optionally comprises one or more of components selected from cell stabililizers, crosslinking agents, UV / antioxidation stabilizers, pigments, waxes, further additives and poymers.The process according to embodiment 76, wherein (TPU*) has a melt flow rate (MFR) of > 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston and wherein the foam has a density in the range of from greater than 170 to 220 kg / m3. The process according to embodiment 76, wherein (TPU*) has a melt flow rate (MFR) in the range of from 5 to 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston and wherein the foam has a density in the range of from 100 to 170 kg / m3. Process for preparing a thermoplastic polyurethane foam comprising(I) providing a melt (M1) comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*);(ii) adding a blowing agent (B) to the melt (M1) to obtain a mixture (M2);(ill) injecting the mixture (M2) into a mold to obtain a foam; wherein the difference between the crystallization temperature Tcryst and the melting temperature Tmof the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) is 60°C or less; wherein mixture (M2) optionally comprises one or more of components selected from cell stabililizers, crosslinking agents, UV / antioxidation stabilizers, pigments, waxes, further additives and poymers. The process according to any one of embodiments 76 to 79, wherein polyol (P1) is selected from homopolymers with a molecular weight in the range from 500 to 5000 g / mol, in particular in the range of from 1000 to 1500 g / mol or blockcopolymers with at least one polyether block, which has a molecular weight in the range from 1000 to 1500 g / mol. The process according to any one of embodiments 76 to 80, wherein in step (II) a cell stabilizer or a crosslinker or a combination thereof is added to the mixture. The process according to any one of embodiments 76 to 81 , wherein the blowing agent is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, carbon dioxide or a mixture comprising nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The process according to any one of embodiments 76 to 82, wherein a shaped body is introduced into the mold prior to step (ill).84. A molded body comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane foam obtained or obtainable according to the process according to any one of embodiments 76 to 83 or a thermoplastic polyurethane according to any one of embodiments 64 to 72.85. Use of a thermoplastic polyurethane foam obtained or obtainable according to the process according to any one of embodiments 76 to 83 or a thermoplastic polyurethane according to any one of embodiments 64 to 72 in industrial applications, consumer applications, construction applications, sporting goods, toys, automotive parts, packing materials, footwear, in parts for automotive, sport and leisure, or furniture.The following examples illustrate the present invention.EXAMPLESUsed raw materials:Polyol 1 : Polyetherpolyol with an OH-number of 112.3 functionalized with primary OH-groups (based on tetramethylene oxide, functionality of 2)Polyol 2: Polyetherpolyol with an OH-number of 56.0 functionalized with primary OH-groups (based on tetramethylene oxide, functionality of 2)Polyol 3: Polyesterpolyol with an OH-number of 45.5 functionalized with primary OH-groups (based on adipic acid and 1,4-butane diol, functionality of 2)Polyol 4: Polyester-b-polyether-b-polyester polyol with an OH number of 56.4 functionalized with primaryOH-groups (polyether based on tetramethylene oxide, polyester based on caprolactone, functionality of 2)Polyol 5: Polyesterpolyol with an OH-number of 52 functionalized with primary OH-groups (based on adipic acid and 1,2-ethane diol, functionality of 2)Polyol 6: Polyetherpolyol with an OH-number of 61 .8 functionalized with primary OH-groups (based on tetramethylene oxide, functionality of 2)Polyol 7: Polyesterpolyol with an OH-number of 112 functionalized with primary OH-groups (based on adipic acid and 1,4-butane diol, functionality of 2)Polyol 8: Polyesterpolyol with an OH-number of 56 functionalized with primary OH-groups (based on adipic acid and 1,4-butane diol & 1,6-hexane diol (2:1), functionality of 2)Polyol 9: Polyesterpolyol with an OH-number of 45.5 functionalized with primary OH-groups (based on adipic acid and 1,4-butane diol, functionality of 2)Chain extender 1 : 1 ,4-butane diolChain extender 2: 1 ,6-hexane diolIsocyanate 1 : aromatic isocyanate (4,4‘-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate)Isocyanate 2: aliphatic isocyanate (1 ,6-hexane diisocyanate)Isocyanate 3: aliphatic isocyanate (1 ,5-pentane diisocyanate)Additive 1 : Stabilization package comprising UV- and heat-stabilizers.Additive 2: TalcumAdditive 3: Siloxane Polyalkyleneoxide CopolymerAdditive 4: Ethylene-bis-stearamide based waxAdditive 5: Stabilizer against hydrolysis based on polycarbodiimideAdditive 6: Silicone surfactant for PU foam stabilizationAdditive 7: TPU which was compounded in a separate extrusion process with 4,4-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate with a final functionality of 2.05Additive 8: Tributyl O-acetylcitrateAdditive 9: Bismuth(lll)neodecanoate dissolved in dioctylamine (1 :1)Additive 10: N,N'-Ethylene-bis-oleamideAdditive 11 : Polybutylene terephthalateBlend-Partner 1 : PolystyreneBlend-Partner 2: Polymer resin is a medium viscosity, semi-crystalline ethylene copolymer functionalized with maleic anhydride by reactive extrusionBlowing agent 1 : N2PET spacer fabric: knitted PET fibers which have knots in a 1x1 cm array and a kept apart 18 mmby 6 spacer yarns in each knot.TPU - Mesh: Random TPU Mesh is formed by extrusion of fibers with 1 mm thickness of a polyether TPU and pulling them through a water bath, while compressing the fibers between two rolls to form an unordered mesh structure with defined thickness (20mm)3D printed lattice structure: SLS 3D printed TPU lattice structure made out of a commercial product based on Polyol comprising of Hexanedioic acid, polymer with 1 ,4-butanediol and 1 ,6-hex- anediol, HDI and 1 ,6 Hexanediol as Chain extender with a Hardness of 88 Shore AReference foam 6: Commercial product based on PTHF and MDI with an MVR of 35 cm3 / 10 min at 190 °C / 21.6 kg (according to ISO 1133-1 :2012-03)TPU SynthesisAll formulations are listed in Table 1 a, 1 b and 1c.The respective TPUs and reference (Ref.) TPUs were obtained respectively by the addition of isocyanate (Isocyanate 1 pre-heated to 45 °C and isocyanate 2 & 3 were non-preheated) to a mixture in a reaction vessel stirred at 80 °C (forTPU 6 it was 90 °C) containing chain extender, additives, and the respective polyol composition according to Table 1 a and 1 b. After reaching a temperature of 110 °C the melt was poured out on a 125 °C warm heating plate. After 10 minutes the obtained slab was put in a heating oven for 15 hours at 80 °C. Finally, the TPU slab was granulated and homogenized by extrusion in a single-screw extruder equipped with an under-water granulation to obtain TPU pellets.TPU 12 & 13 were obtained by feeding the polyester (additive 11) in the first housing of a twin-screw extruder, ZSK58 from Coperion with a process length of 48D. After melting the polyester, the chain extender polyol was added in housing 3. Transesterification takes place at housing temperatures of 250 - 300°C before the diisocyanate and polyol is added to the reaction mixture in the fifth housing. Downstream, the molecular weight build-up takes place at housing temper- atures of 190 - 230 °C. After synthesis, the obtained respective polymer is granulated underwater and finally dried.Table 1 a: TPU formulationsTable 1 b: TPU formulationsTable 1c: TPU formulationsThe predried TPU had the following characteristics (Table 2a, 2b and 2c), which were measured as described in the following:• melt fow rate MFR according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 • DSC was measured of 20 h / 100 °C annealed TPU according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2013 with a heating rate of 20 °C / min and a pre-drying step of 10 min at 100 °C. The maximum of the highest melting peakTMof the first heating run and the crystallization minimum during cooling of the subsequent first cooling run (Tc) was evaluated.• Dynamical Mechanical Analysis (DMA) was measured according to DIN EN ISO 6721-1 :2011-08 of speci- mens yielded from injection molded TPU sheets, which were annealed 20 h / 100 °C. The measurement was carried out in torsion mode with a heating rate of 2 °C / min and a frequency of 1 Hz. The maximum of the tan d and the tan d at 25 °C was determined.Table 2a: TPU characteristics.* not determinedTable 2b: TPU characteristics.* not determinedTable 2c: TPU characteristics.In a separate extrusion step the following blends were produced (Table 3).Table 3: BlendsTable 4: Insert composition after foamingThe pre-dried TPUs and blend materials were processed on a Gentrex molding system Tienkang x FCS TK-927-24S -2J (year: 2024) by dosing of supercritical nitrogen (blowing agent 1). The temperature profile of the single screw was between 165, 185, 215, 205 °C. At 215 °C the nitrogen was dosed and an intermediate counterpressure in the mold of 10-30 bar, which was pre-heated at 30 °C. For Ref. TPU 3 a higher temperature profile was used with a maximal temperature of 230 °C. Ref. TPU 2 was produced by a reduced temperature profile - on average 10 °C. Additive 4 and 7 as well as Blend-partner 2 were added as a dry-blend, respectively.For Ref. TPU 2, and Ref. TPU 3 and TPU 8 (always pre-dried) were processed using a Kingsteel Nexcell molding system KS 310-US2 by dosing supercritical nitrogen (blowing agent 1). The temperature profile for Ref. TPU 2 andTPU 8 used was 223 to 230 °C, while for Ref. TPU 3 a temperature profile of 190 -200 °C was used. Nitrogen was dosed and the molten TPU / blowing agent mixture is injected in a mold with a counterpressure of 18-30 barAdditionally, samples with an insert embedded were produced. Insert 1 , Insert 2 and Insert 3 (Table 4) were processed using a Kingsteel Nexcell molding system KS 310-US2. The shaped body is inserted into the open mold, the mold is closed. The TPU was processed with a temperature profile of 210 to 220 °C. Nitrogen was dosed and the molten TPU / blowing agent mixture is injected in a mold with a counterpressure of 18-30 bar, which is temperature controlled to 30 °C. After a holding time of 600 s, the finished part is removed. The finished part consists of the shaped body part enclosed in the foam structure.The obtained TPU foams were stored for 14 days at room temperature before mechanical testing. The results are listed in Table 5a and 5b and 6a and 6b.Density was measured according to DIN EN ISO 845:2009 on 15 mm thick sheets.The compression stress was measured by use of square specimens of the size 50 mm x 50 mm x sheet thickness (20 mm). These specimens were sawn out. The stress values for compressions of 10 and 50% were evaluated. Testing speed was 50 mm / min. The values of the 4th compression are used for the evaluation.Elongation at break was measured according to ASTM D 5035:2011. Rectangular specimens of 150 mm x 25.4 mm x 15 mm height. Specimens are punched out. Clamps close pneumatically with 6 bar pressure. The decreasing diameter of the sample is measured by extensometer. Testing speed of 100 mm / min.Rebound was measured by the pendulum test according to DIN 53512:2000.Compression set was determined according to ASTM D395:2018. Round specimens with a diameter of 26 mm and original height (20 mm) were punched out. The specimen was compressed to 50% of its thickness, the storage time is 6 hours, and the temperature is 50 °C. The specimen is then relaxed again at room temperature and the remaining compression is measured after 30 minutes.Processability was judged by varying the process conditions namely temperature profile of the extruder and screw speed on foam appearance and quality. A plus means a wide processing window and minus a narrow window.Split tear was measured according to ASTM D 3574 F, 2017 differing by:• The specimen were cut out 20 mm thick sheets. The final specimen had a size of 150 mm x 25.4 mm x 20 mm (heights). The surface-skin of the sheet was not cut away!• Testing speed of 100 mm / min• The thickness of the specimen was measured with a measurement sensor with a contact pressure of 100 Pa (DIN EN ISO 1923, 1995)• The central propagation of the tear is not supported by further cutting during the measurement• Instead of evaluation according to ASTM D 3574F (Quotient of Fmax and thickness), the tear propagation strength Wr is calculated according to the following equation as the median of the peak maxima in the measuring path in N / mm.Fmax ■ Sp = Force of the peak maxima during the measurement (as a median) [N] d = thickness of the specimen [mm]• The evaluation is carried out according to DIN ISO 6133, 2017 (depending on the number of peaks according to method A, B or C) with the following deviations: o A peak is only considered valid if the difference in force between the maximum and the following minimum is greater than 2% of the maximum force. o Undulating curve progression (Method D) or curves that are too dense to count (Method E) are not considered or do not occur.Table 5a: Characteristics of the foamTable 5b: Characteristics of the foamTable 6a: Characteristics of the foamTable 6b: Characteristics of the foamTable 6c: Characteristics of the foamTo investigate the production speed, TPUs were processed with the SCF machine developed by DESMA, AST: a schematic overview is shown below. The extruder is equipped with a screw with a diameter of 45 mm allowing an average residence time of the polymer melt in the extruder < 6 min. The machine was run in a continuous mode where the molds are re-moved and replaced by empty molds by a robot subsequently after injecting to ensure a con- stant and short overall residence time. The mold station allows a cooling time of > 5 min.Using a mold with a cavity of Advanced Special Tools (AST) of a shoe sole of the size 46 with an average thickness of 1 cm in the fore foot region and an average thickness of 2 cm in the heel part (volume of 600 cm3). The parameters were optimized depending on the TPU to obtain a homogenous foam structure in the center of the foam. Target density of the mid sole was 200 g / L. In a second step the mold was changed from a mold having one cavity to one with two cavities allowing the production of two shoe soles. By this, the residence time in the extruder was reduced.General processing conditions:• Dosing speed 0.06 m / s• Diameter of the screw 45 mm• Injection speed ~ 150 ccm / s with slight increasing profile• Molds are run with a venting profileIn Table 7 are the processing conditions and in Table 8 the obtained foam qualities are summarized. In addition, the DSC characteristics of the TPUs are listed. The DSC measurements were performed according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2013 with a heating rate of 20 °C / min directly after a drying step 10 min at 100 °C. In the first heating run the highest maximum was defined as maximal endothermal melting peak (Tm-max). After reaching 250 °C and a holding time of 30 s the cooling run was started. In this cooling run with a cooling rate of 20 °C / min the exothermal peak minimum of the crystallization peak was defined as Tcryst. The temperature-difference between Tm-max and Tcryst was calculated.Table 7: Processing conditionsTable 8: Foam quality. Very homogeneous cell structure in the foam center (++), broade cell distribution, maximal 2 holes with a diameter < 2 mm over the complete crosscut of the shoe sole (+), > 3 holes with a diameter > 2 mm over the complete crosscut of the shoe sole (-)Literature cited:US9926423 US9963566AWO2021249819A1EP 3 725 179 AEP 3 161 031 AKunststoffhandbuch, volume VII, edited by Vieweg and Hdchtlen, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich 1966 (pp. 103-113)

Claims

Claims1. A thermoplastic polyurethane foam obtained by foam injection molding with a density in the range of from 100 to 220 kg / m3comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) and a compression set below 45% determined according to ASTM D395:2018.

2. The thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane foam comprises a crosslinker, a cell stabilizer or a combination thereof.3 The thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the foam has a density in the range of from greater than 170 to 220 kg / m3and the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) has a melt flow rate (MFR) in the range of from greater than 50 to 200 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston.

4. The thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the foam has a density in the range of from 100 to 170 kg / m3and the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) has a melt flow rate (MFR) in the range of from 5 to 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston.

5. The thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) is prepared from a polyol composition (PC) comprising at least one polyol (P1) with a molecular weight Mn in the range of from 500 to 5000 g / mol, preferably in the range of from 550 to 3000 g / mol, which does not show a degree of soft phase crystallization visible by an endothermal peak in the temperature range of -10 to 20 °C with an enthalpy of greater than 0.7 mJ / mg, preferably wherein polyol (P1) is selected from the group consisting of polypropylene glycols, polytetrahydrofuranes, polytrimethylene oxids, polyadipates, polycarbonates, and polycaprolactones, in particular . wherein polyol (P 1 ) is selected from homopolymers with a molecular weight in the range from 500 to 5000, in particular in the range of from 1000 to 1500 g / mol or blockcopolymers with at least one polyether block, which has a molecular weight in the range from 1000 to 1500 g / moll.

6. The thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) comprises polyester blocks.

7. The thermoplastic polyurethane foam according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the difference between the crystallization temperature Tcryst and the melting temperature Tmof the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) is 60°C or less.

8. A thermoplastic polyurethane composition for foam injection molding consisting of a thermoplastic polyurethane prepared by reacting a polyol composition (PC) comprising at least one polyol (P1) with a molecular weight Mn in the range of from 500 to 5000 g / mol, preferably in the range of from 550 to 3000 g / mol, which does not show a degree of soft phase crystallization visible by an endothermal peak in the temperature range of -10 to 20 °C with an enthalpy of greater than 0.7 mJ / mg in the first heating run of a dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2013 with a heating rate of 20 °C / min after a pretreatment including an annealing step and a separate drying step at 100 °C for 10 min immediately before the measurement an isocyanate, and a chain extender, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) has a melt flow rate (MFR) of > 50 g / min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston, or a melt flow rate (MFR) in the range of from 5 to 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston, and optionally a cell stabilizer or a crosslinker or a combination thereof.

9. A thermoplastic polyurethane composition for foam injection molding consisting of a thermoplastic polyurethane prepared by reacting a polyol composition (PC) comprising polyester blocks an isocyanate, and a chain extender, wherein the wherein the difference between the crystallization temperature Tcrystand the melting temperature Tmof the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) is 60°C or less, and optionally a cell stabilizer or a crosslinker or a combination thereof.

10. Use of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) for preparing a thermoplastic polyurethane foam, in particular for preparing a thermoplastic polyurethane foam by injection molding, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) is prepared from a polyol composition (PC) comprising at least one polyol (P 1 ) with a molecular weight Mn in the range of from 500 to 5000 g / mol, preferably in the range of from 550 to 3000 g / mol, which does not show a degree of soft phase crystallization visible by an endothermal peak in the temperature range of -10 to 20 °C with an enthalpy of greater than 0.7 mJ / mg in the first heating run of a dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2013 with a heating rate of 20 °C / min after a pre-treatment including an annealing step and a separate drying step at 100 °C for 10 min immediately before the measurement andwherein the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) has a melt flow rate (MFR) of > 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston, or a melt flow rate (MFR) in the range of from 5 to 50 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a load of 21.6 kg determined according to DIN EN ISO 1133-1 :2022 deviating by a defined measuring time of 60 s instead of a defined path length of the piston.11 . Use of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) for preparing a thermoplastic polyurethane foam, in particular for preparing a thermoplastic polyurethane foam by injection molding, wherein the difference between the crystallization temperature Tcryst and the melting temperature Tmof the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*) is 60°C or less.

12. Process for preparing a thermoplastic polyurethane foam comprising(I) providing a melt (M1) comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU*);(II) adding a blowing agent (B) to the melt (M1) to obtain a mixture (M2);(ill) injecting the mixture (M2) into a mold to obtain a foam; wherein (TPU*) is prepared from a polyol composition (PC) comprising at least one polyol (P1) with a molecular weight Mn in the range of from 500 to 5000 g / mol, preferably in the range of from 550 to 3000 g / mol, which does not show a degree of soft phase crystallization visible by an endothermal peak in the temperature range of -10 to 20 °C with an enthalpy of greater than 0.7 mJ / mg in the first heating run of a dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2013 with a heating rate of 20 °C / min after a pre-treatment including an annealing step and a separate drying step at 100 °C for 10 min immediately before the measurement; wherein mixture (M2) optionally comprises one or more of components selected from cell stabilizers, crosslinking agents, UV / antioxidation stabilizers, pigments, waxes, further additives and polymers.

13. A molded body comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane foam obtained or obtainable according to the process according to claim 12 or a thermoplastic polyurethane according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

14. Use of a thermoplastic polyurethane foam obtained or obtainable according to the process according to claim 12 or a thermoplastic polyurethane according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in industrial applications, consumer applications, construction applications, sporting goods, toys, automotive parts, packing materials, footwear, in parts for automotive, sport and leisure, or furniture.

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