Fluid supply system

Abstract

A fluid supply system (10), comprising: a hollow shaft (12) configured to be rotated, the hollow shaft (12) having a peripheral wall (14) defining an inner hollow space (16) extending along a longitudinal axis (18) of the hollow shaft (12); and at least one fluid supply unit (28) for coupling a stationary fluid supply to the hollow shaft (12), the at least one fluid supply unit (28) being configured for supplying a fluid through the inner hollow space (16) of the hollow shaft (12) and including a first element (30) extending at least partially around the hollow shaft (12), wherein the first element (30) is fixedly connected to the hollow shaft (12) for rotating together with the hollow shaft (12), a second element (32) coupled to the first element (30) and being configured for staying stationary during rotation of the hollow shaft (12), a first fluid channel (36) provided in the first element (30), the first fluid channel (36) being aligned with an opening (38) extending through the peripheral wall (14), a second fluid channel (40) provided in the second element (32), a toroidal fluid compartment (42) provided at least partially within the first element (30) and / or the second element (32), wherein the toroidal fluid compartment (42) is fluidly connected to the first fluid channel (36) and the second fluid channel (40) for providing a fluid passage between the first fluid channel (36) and the second fluid channel (40), a sealing element (48) sealingly coupling the first element (30) with the second element (32), wherein the sealing element (48) is configured for sealing the toroidal fluid compartment (42) against an environment of the fluid supply unit (28), and a pipe element (34) fluidly connected to the first fluid channel (36), wherein the pipe element (34) extends along the inner hollow space (16) of the hollow shaft (12).

Description

[0001] Fluid Supply System

[0002] Field of the invention

[0003] The present invention relates to a fluid supply system. In particular the present invention relates to a fluid supply system for providing fluid to a reactor, such as bioreactor. The present invention further relates to a reactor, such as a bioreactor, including such a fluid supply system.

[0004] Background of the invention

[0005] Supplying fluids to a fluid compartment can be challenging, particularly when the fluids are provided by a stationary fluid supply and need to be transferred via a rotating axle or shaft. This problem becomes especially apparent, for example in bioreactor designs where it is sometimes desirable, e.g. due to processing requirements, to introduce multiple fluids into a reactor compartment of the bioreactor. The bioreactor may include a rotatable shaft, such as a rotatable hollow shaft. The shaft may be used, e.g. for stirring and / or mixing purposes. Supplying fluids from a stationary fluid supply into the bioreactor, preferably via the rotating hollow shaft, is challenging and poses some problems which need to be overcome.

[0006] It is thus an object of the present invention to propose a fluid supply system which is suited to supply a fluid that is provided by a stationary fluid supply into a fluid compartment via a rotating hollow shaft. It is further an object of the present invention to propose a reactor, such as a bioreactor, with such a fluid supply system. Prior art systems are disclosed in, e.g., US 5 056 828 A and DE 102 27866 Al.

[0007] Solution to the problem

[0008] These and other objects, which become apparent upon reading the description, are solved by the subject-matter of the independent claims. Further embodiments and developments are provided in the dependent claims.

[0009] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a fluid supply system is provided. The fluid supply is particular suited to supply fluids to a reactor compartment of a reactor, such as a bioreactor. The fluid supply system comprises a hollow shaft configured to be rotated, the hollow shaft having a peripheral wall defining an inner hollow space extending along a longitudinal axis of the hollow shaft. The fluid supply system further comprises at least one fluid supply unit, for example one fluid supply unit, or two fluid supply units, or more than two fluid supply units. Each fluid supply unit is configured for coupling a stationary fluid supply to the hollow shaft (or a fluid supply that rotates at a different, e.g. lower, speed than the shaft). Each fluid supply unit is configured for supplying a fluid through the inner hollow space of the hollow shaft. In the context of the present invention, a "fluid supply" may also be used to discharge a fluid from the hollow shaft and / or from within the bioreactor through the hollow shaft. In other words, the "fluid supply units" mentioned herein, or at least one or more of the fluid supply units mentioned herein, may also function to discharge fluid from the hollow shaft and / or from within the bioreactor.

[0010] Each fluid supply unit includes a first element extending at least partially around the hollow shaft, wherein the first element is fixedly connected to the hollow shaft such that during rotation of the hollow shaft the first element rotates together with the hollow shaft, a second element coupled to the first element and being configured for staying stationary during rotation of the hollow shaft (or to rotate at a different, e.g. lower, speed than the first element), a first fluid channel provided in the first element, the first fluid channel being aligned with an opening extending through the peripheral wall of the hollow shaft, a second fluid channel provided in the second element, a toroidal fluid compartment provided at least partially within the first element and / or the second element, wherein the toroidal fluid compartment is fluidly connected to the first fluid channel and to the second fluid channel for providing a fluid passage between the first fluid channel and the second fluid channel, a sealing element sealingly coupling the first element with the second element, wherein the sealing element is configured for sealing the toroidal fluid compartment against an environment of the fluid supply unit, and a pipe element fluidly connected to the first fluid channel, wherein the pipe element extends along the inner hollow space of the hollow shaft.

[0011] The present invention is at least partially based on the idea that the inner hollow space of the rotatable or rotating hollow shaft can be used to supply fluids. The present invention is based on the idea that a stationary fluid supply can be coupled to the rotatable or rotating hollow shaft using two elements that are sealingly coupled to one another via a sealing element. A first element is attached to an outer side of the hollow shaft such that during rotation of the hollow shaft the first element rotates together with the hollow shaft. The first element may have, e.g., a substantial ring-shape and may extend at least partially around the hollow shaft. The first element is fixedly connected to the hollow shaft so that during rotation of the hollow shaft, the first element rotates together with the hollow shaft. The second element which is sealingly coupled to the first element is configured to remain stationary during rotation of the hollow shaft. In other words, during rotation of the hollow shaft the second element preferably does not rotate. As a consequence, the first element (that is connected to the hollow shaft and rotates together with the hollow shaft) preferably rotates relative to the second element (that is stationary).

[0012] The present invention is further based on the idea to solve the problem of transferring a fluid or a multitude of fluids through a rotating axle or shaft from one fluid station to another fluid station, wherein the fluid stations are configured for rotating relative to each other (for example, one station is stationary and the other is not stationary; or the two stations rotate or are configured for rotating, for example in different directions and / or with different speeds). Preferably, the rotating axle or shaft is the center of the rotation. In other words, it may not matter which station performs a rotating motion around the axle or shaft relative to the other, or whether the rotation is performed in a cw (clockwise) or ccw (counterclockwise) manner, or whether both stations perform a rotating motion in the same rotating direction, and / or with a different speed, or whether the two stations perform a rotating motion in different rotating directions, when viewed from a stationary reference frame.

[0013] In yet other words, a difference in the rotating motion of the two or more fluid stations may exist, for example when viewed from a stationary frame of reference.

[0014] The pipe element may be a separate element arranged inside the hollow shaft.

[0015] Additionally or alternatively, the pipe element may be formed as a duct and / or a channel within a rod and / or pole forming the hollow shaft. For example, the rod or a pole may include longitudinal lamella and / or webs forming ducts and / or channels therebetween functioning as "pipe elements". The pipe element(s) and the hollow shaft may be formed, for example, from a pole or rod pressed through a corresponding matrix or mold such that the pressed pole or rod includes lamella or webs delimiting a space therebetween which functions as a "pipe element" of the "hollow shaft" (e.g., by extrusion or extrusion pressing). The shape of the lamella or webs when viewed in a cross-sectional view may take any suitable geometric shape. These fluid channels and / or ducts functioning as "pipe elements" may then be fluidly connected to the toroidal fluid supplies via the fluid connections.

[0016] The second element may be fixedly connected to a base or the like for being stationary during rotation of the hollow shaft.

[0017] The second element may be arranged radially outside of the first element. The second element may have, e.g., a substantial ring-shape. The first element may be a first (inner) ring element and the second element may be a second (outer) ring element.

[0018] The first and second elements are sealingly coupled to one another via the sealing element. A toroidal fluid compartment is provided at least partially within the first and / or second element. The sealing element seals the toroidal fluid compartment against an environment of the fluid supply unit.

[0019] The first and second element of the fluid supply unit are each provided with a fluid channel that is fluidly connected to the toroidal fluid compartment. The fluid channel (first fluid channel) this is provided in the first element is aligned with an opening that extends through the hollow shaft. A pipe element is fluidly connected to the first fluid channel and extends along the inner hollow space of the hollow shaft. Fluid may flow from the second fluid channel provided in the stationary second element via the toroidal fluid compartment to the first fluid channel provided in the rotating first element and from there into the pipe element and along the inner hollow space of the hollow shaft. Likewise, the fluid may flow in the opposite direction and may flow from the pipe element through the first fluid channel and the toroidal fluid compartment into the second fluid channel. The proposed fluid supply system thus provides a way of supplying fluid from a stationary fluid supply through an inner hollow space of a rotating or rotatable hollow shaft, and vice versa. The proposed fluid supply system is particularly suited for reactors, such as bioreactors, which may have a hollow shaft, e.g. for mixing or stirring purpose.

[0020] Preferably, the rotatable fluid supply system further comprises a fluid delivery device, preferably a gaseous fluid delivery device, such as a blower, configured for delivering fluid, preferably gaseous fluid, such as air, through the inner hollow space of the hollow shaft. The fluid delivery device is configured for delivering the fluid into the inner hollow space. Preferably, the fluid is delivered such that the fluid flows along the peripheral wall and / or such that the fluid flows around an outer side of the pipe element and / or such that the fluid is delivered into the inner hollow space through a first axial end of the hollow shaft. In other words, a fluid delivery device, such as a blower may blow gaseous fluid, such as air, into the hollow shaft, e.g. through a first axial end of the hollow shaft. The air may then flow along the peripheral wall of the hollow shaft and may flow around an outer side of the pipe element of the fluid supply unit.

[0021] Preferably, the first element of the fluid supply unit includes a first toroidal subcompartment and the second element includes a second toroidal sub-compartment, wherein the first toroidal sub-compartment and second toroidal sub-compartment form together the toroidal compartment. In other words, the toroidal compartment may be provided by the combination of two toroidal sub-compartments, which are combined once the first element and the second element are sealingly coupled to one another by the sealing element. Preferably the first and / or second toroidal sub-compartment is formed by a substantially u-shaped, and / or v-shaped, and / or hemispherically shaped cross-section of the first and / or second element.

[0022] In other embodiments, the toroidal compartment may only be provided in one of the first and second element, such as by a substantially u-shaped, and / or v-shaped, and / or hemispherically shaped cross-section, and the other one of the first and second element may have substantially flat or planar cross- sectional shape configured for sealingly coupling with the substantially u-, v- or hemispherically shaped crosssection. All other features may be identical or essentially identical.

[0023] Preferably, the rotatable fluid supply system comprises a motor configured for rotating the hollow shaft. In other words, the hollow shaft is actively rotated, e.g. by the motor. Active rotation of the hollow shaft may be necessary, e.g. for stirring and / or mixing purposes.

[0024] Preferably, the rotatable fluid supply system comprises a mixing device connected to the hollow shaft and configured for mixing fluids and / or bulk material, such as fluids and / or bulk materials used for solid-state fermentation. The motor may actively rotate the hollow shaft for mixing and / or stirring purposes and the fluid supply unit may supply the fluid through the hollow shaft (while the hollow shaft is actively rotated, e.g. by the motor). Preferably, an end portion of the pipe element of the fluid supply unit aligns with the longitudinal axis of the hollow shaft. In other words, an end portion of the pipe element may extend in the longitudinal direction of the hollow shaft. The hollow shaft may be straight, i.e. without any kinks or bendings and the end portion of the pipe may align with the straight shape of the hollow shaft. A first portion of the hollow shaft may be straight (such as a portion arranged outside the bioreactor). A second portion of the hollow shaft may comprise bends or kinks (such as a portion of the hollow shaft arranged inside the bioreactor).

[0025] Preferably, the end portion of the pipe element protrudes from an end portion of the hollow shaft. In other words, the end portion may protrude further into, e.g., a reactor compartment that an end portion of the hollow shaft, but not necessarily.

[0026] Preferably, the at least one fluid supply unit includes a bearing, preferably two bearings, such as a ball-bearing, wherein the bearing is arranged between the first element and the second element and wherein the bearing is configured for rotatably coupling the first element with the second element. Bearing elements may help to transfer loads and / or forces between the first and second element so that the first and second element may smoothly rotate relative to one another. This may help to reduce tension and / or abrasion, e.g., at the sealing element, the first element and / or the second element.

[0027] Preferably, the at least one fluid supply unit includes a coupling element for coupling the pipe element to the first fluid channel, and / or a valve element arranged between the first fluid channel and the pipe element and configured for opening or closing a fluid passage between the first fluid channel and the pipe element, and / or a second pipe element connected to the second fluid channel, preferably wherein the second pipe element is coupled to the second fluid channel by a second coupling element, and / or wherein a second valve element is arranged between the second fluid channel and the second pipe element, the second valve element being configured for opening or closing a fluid passage between the second fluid channel and the second pipe element.

[0028] Preferably, the fluid supply system includes at least two fluid supply units. Preferably, a first fluid supply unit of the at least two fluid supply units and a second fluid supply unit of the at least two fluid supply units are arranged coaxially to one another, preferably on top of one another, preferably in a stacked and / or nested arrangement.

[0029] Two or more fluid supply units may be modularly combined to form the fluid supply system. Each fluid supply unit may be configured to be exchanged independently from the other fluid supply unit.

[0030] Preferably, the second fluid supply unit has the same design as the first fluid supply unit. In other words, the second fluid supply unit preferably includes a first element extending at least partially around the hollow shaft, wherein the first element is fixedly connected to the hollow shaft such that during rotation of the hollow shaft the first element rotates together with the hollow shaft, a second element coupled to the first element and being configured for staying stationary during rotation of the hollow shaft, a first fluid channel provided in the first element, the first fluid channel being aligned with an opening extending through the peripheral wall of the hollow shaft, a second fluid channel provided in the second element, a toroidal fluid compartment provided at least partially within the first element and / or the second element, wherein the toroidal fluid compartment is fluidly connected to the first fluid channel and the second fluid channel for providing a fluid passage between the first fluid channel and the second fluid channel, a sealing element sealingly coupling the first element with the second element, wherein the sealing element is configured for sealing the toroidal fluid compartment against an environment of the fluid supply unit, and a pipe element fluidly connected to the first fluid channel, wherein the pipe element extends along the inner hollow space of the hollow shaft.

[0031] The pipe element of the second fluid supply unit is arranged inside the inner hollow space of the hollow shaft, preferably such that it does not interfere with the pipe element of the first fluid supply unit. Each of the two fluid supply units is configured to supply or discharge a fluid through the inner hollow space.

[0032] The first and the second fluid supply units may be arranged on top of each other, such as in a stacked arrangement.

[0033] The fluid supply system may include more than two fluid supply units, such as three, 5, 8 or more units. The fluid supply units may all be arranged on top of each other, such as in a stacked arrangement and may provide fluids through the inner hollow space of the hollow shaft.

[0034] Alternatively, the fluid supply units may be turned and / or milled and may be concentrically arranged such as for forming the fluid supply units.

[0035] Preferably, the first elements of the two or more fluid supply units are integrally and / or monolithically formed and / or the second elements of the two or more fluid supply units are integrally and / or monolithically formed. For example, a plurality of first elements of the two or more fluid supply units may be integrally and / or monolithically formed by milling and / or turning the plurality of first elements from a single piece of material. A plurality of second elements of the two or more fluid supply units may be integrally and / or monolithically formed by milling and / or turning the plurality of second elements from a single piece of material.

[0036] Preferably, the first fluid supply unit and the second fluid supply unit are engaged to one another such as to provide for a fixed position relative to one another.

[0037] Preferably, the first and / or second element of the first fluid supply unit includes a protrusion configured for engaging with the first and / or second element, respectively, of the second fluid supply unit. More preferably, the respective first and / or second element of the second fluid supply unit includes a recess configured for engaging with the corresponding protrusion of the first fluid supply unit. The skilled person will recognize that any combination of protrusions and recesses is possible., E.g., the first element of the first fluid supply unit may have a protrusion (e.g., for engaging with a recess of the first element of the second fluid supply unit) while the second element of the second fluid supply unit may have a protrusion (e.g., for engaging with a recess of the second element of the first fluid supply unit), or vice versa. Such arrangements may also be referred to as "nested" arrangements in the context of the present disclosure.

[0038] Alternatively or additionally, the first and / or second element of the first fluid supply unit includes a first flange for connecting to the first and / or second element of the second fluid supply unit, respectively. For example, the respective first and / or second element of the second fluid supply unit may include a second flange configured to be connected to the first flange of the first fluid supply unit.

[0039] Preferably, the sealing element of the first fluid supply unit and the sealing element of the second fluid supply unit are formed as a single sealing element, wherein the single sealing element sealingly couples the first and the second element of the first fluid supply unit and sealingly couples the first and the second element of the second fluid supply unit. In other words, the same sealing element seals the first and second elements of the first fluid supply unit and the first and second elements of the second fluid supply unit to one another. In yet other words, no additional seal may be necessary for sealing the toroidal fluid compartments of adjacent fluid supply units. In yet other words, at least one shared sealing element may be shared by the first and second fluid supply units. Said shared sealing element may at least partially seal the toroidal spaces of both the first and second fluid supply units.

[0040] Preferably, the pipe element of the first fluid supply unit and the pipe element of the second fluid supply unit are fluidly connected to one another, such as for forming a heat exchanging circuit and / or supplying a heat-exchanger fluid therethrough. Preferably, a heat-exchanger coil, such as cooling coil or a heating coil, is connected between the pipe element of the first fluid supply unit and the pipe element of the second fluid supply unit. In other words, the connected pipe elements may form part of a heat exchanging circuit such that a heat exchanger fluid, e.g. for cooling and / or heating fluids and / or bulk material inside a bioreactor, may flow from one pipe element to another pipe element, e.g. via the heat-exchanger coil.

[0041] Preferably, the peripheral wall of the hollow shaft includes at least one opening, a hollow branch element (hollow shaft branch element) is connected to the peripheral wall of the hollow shaft and configured for rotating together with the hollow shaft, the hollow branch element including a branch wall, the branch wall defining an inner hollow branch space, the inner hollow branch space being fluidly connected to the inner hollow space of the hollow shaft via the at least one opening provided in the peripheral wall of the hollow shaft, a branch pipe is fluidly connected to the pipe element via at least one opening arranged in a peripheral wall of the pipe element. The branch pipe may extend along the inner hollow branch space of the hollow branch element. A fluid may be provided inside the inner hollow branch space, e.g. via the inner hollow space of the hollow shaft. The fluid may flow around outer side of the branch pipe

[0042] The branch pipe may also extend from an inside of the hollow shaft to an outside of the hollow shaft and along an outside of the hollow branch element, preferably in parallel to the hollow branch element. When the branch pipe is arranged outside the hollow branch element, an outer surface area may be increased (such as by the additional outer side of the branch pipe). This may be advantageous in cooling or aeration arrangements.

[0043] Preferably, the hollow branch element extends in a spiral around the longitudinal axis of the hollow shaft. The spiral may include be a helical shape. The spiral may be configured for mixing fluids and / or bulk materials, such as fluids and / or bulk materials used in connection with a bioreactor. The spiral may be a clockwise or a counterclockwise spiral. An additional hollow branch element, preferably with an additional branch pipe may be provided and may spiral around the hollow shaft. A spiral of the additional hollow branch element may be different from the spiral of the (first) hollow branch element, e.g. in terms of radius, curvature, or chirality.

[0044] Preferably, the hollow branch element extends around the hollow shaft such that, for example, an armature, an inclined blade agitator, an impeller, a disk agitator, a rod agitator or the like may be provided by the hollow branch element's geometry.

[0045] Preferably, the hollow branch element includes one or more first peripheral exit openings, and the branch pipe includes one or more second peripheral exit openings, the one or more second peripheral exit openings preferably being aligned with the one or more first peripheral exit openings. For example, the first peripheral exit openings and the second peripheral exit openings may overlap each other, or the first peripheral exit openings may be larger than the second peripheral exit openings, such that the second peripheral exit openings may be arranged inside the first peripheral exit openings. Preferably, the first peripheral exit openings are larger than the second peripheral exits openings, e.g. such that a fluid may be supplied via the first peripheral exit openings and mix with fluid supplied via the second peripheral exit openings. The first peripheral openings may extend around the second peripheral openings.

[0046] Preferably, the one or more first peripheral exit openings and / or the one or more second peripheral exit openings are formed in nozzles. The nozzles may be adapted for mixing, such as turbulent or intense mixing, of fluid supplied through the one or more first peripheral exit openings with fluid supplied to the one or more second peripheral exit openings.

[0047] The first peripheral exit openings may be formed as nozzles. Fluid flowing within the hollow branch element may be injected or discharged from the first peripheral exit openings. Additionally or alternatively, nozzles including the second peripheral exit openings may extend through the firsts peripheral exit openings. Combinations may be possible.

[0048] Preferably, the rotatable fluid supply system comprises a wall, such as a reactor wall, defining a compartment such as a compartment of a bioreactor, wherein the hollow shaft extends through a bore of the wall and into the compartment for providing fluid to the compartment. In other words, the fluid that is provided by the pipe element of the respective fluid supply unit may flow into and / or through the reactor compartment, and / or may be discharged from the reactor compartment.

[0049] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a reactor, preferably a bioreactor, such as a bioreactor for growing mycelium-forming fungi on a lignocellulosic substrate, is proposed. The reactor comprises a reactor wall defining a reactor compartment and further comprises a rotatable fluid supply system according to the first aspect and / or embodiments thereof.

[0050] Preferably, the hollow shaft of the fluid supply system extends through a bore of the reactor wall and into the reactor compartment for providing fluid into and / or through the reactor compartment, and / or for discharging fluid flowing through and / or from within the reactor compartment.

[0051] Preferably, a heat-exchanging device, such as a heat-exchanger coil, mentioned earlier, is connected to the pipe element or pipe elements of the fluid supply unit or units, respectively.

[0052] Brief description of the drawings

[0053] Figure 1 is a schematic view of one example of a fluid supply system according to the present invention.

[0054] Figure 2 is a schematic view of another example of a fluid supply system according to the present invention.

[0055] Figure 3 is a schematic view of another example of a fluid supply system according to the present invention.

[0056] Figure 4 is a schematic view of another example of a fluid supply system according to the present invention.

[0057] Figure 5 is a schematic view of another example of a fluid supply system according to the present invention.

[0058] Figure 6 is a schematic view of another example of a fluid supply system according to the present invention. Figure 7 is a schematic detailed view of another example of a fluid supply system according to the present invention.

[0059] Figure 8 is a schematic detailed view of another example of a fluid supply system according to the present invention.

[0060] Figure 9 is a schematic three-dimensional view of another example of a fluid supply system according to the present invention.

[0061] Figure 10 is a schematic transparent view of the embodiment of Figure 9.

[0062] Figure 11 is a schematic view of another example of a fluid supply system according to the present invention, wherein a hollow branch element is fluidly connected to the hollow shaft and a branch pipe is fluidly connected to a pipe element of the fluid supply system.

[0063] Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the hollow branch element spiraling around the hollow shaft and the branch pipe extending along an inner hollow branch space of the hollow branch element.

[0064] Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the branch pipe being extending along an outside of the hollow branch element.

[0065] Figure 14 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a reactor according to the present invention.

[0066] Figure 15 is a schematic drawing of another example of a fluid supply system, wherein two hollow branch elements spiral around the hollow shaft.

[0067] Figures 16a and b are schematic cross-sectional views illustrating a fluid delivery via peripheral exit openings arranged on a peripheral wall of the branch pipe and / or the hollow branch element.

[0068] Figure 17a and b are schematic cross-sectional views of alternative ways of forming pipe elements inside the hollow shaft.

[0069] Figure 18 shows examples of fluid routing inside the fluid supply system.

[0070] Detailed description

[0071] Within the figures, same components are referenced by the same reference numerals.

[0072] Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a fluid supply system 10. The fluid supply system 10 is configured for supplying fluids, for example to a reactor compartment of a reactor. The fluid supply system 10 is further configured for receiving fluids. More generally speaking, the fluid supply system 10 is configured for transferring fluids. The fluid supply system 10 includes a hollow shaft 12 with a peripheral wall 14 defining an inner hollow space 16. The inner hollow space 16 extends along a longitudinal axis 18 of the hollow shaft 12. The hollow shaft 12 may form part of a reactor such as a bioreactor, as published e.g. in WO 2024 / 062136. The reactor may be used, e.g. for growing mycelium-forming fungi on a lignocellulosic substrate as described, e.g. in WO 2024 / 062136.

[0073] The hollow shaft 12 is configured for being rotated, e.g. by a motor 20. The motor 20 drives the hollow shaft 12 such that the hollow shaft 12 rotates, e.g. about the longitudinal axis 18. In the specific embodiment shown, the hollow shaft 12 extends into a reactor compartment 22 defined by a reactor wall 24 of the reactor. The hollow shaft 12 extends through a bore 26 provided in the reactor wall 24. In other embodiments, the hollow shaft 12 may not protrude into a reactor compartment 22. The fluid supply system 10 may be used for purposes other than providing fluids into or out of a reactor compartment 22. For example, the fluid supply system 10 may be used for supplying fluids such as for the boring of holes, tunnels or mining shafts where fluids, such as coolants, need to be supplied, e.g. to help carry away abrasive particles. Generally, the fluid supply system 10 may transfer fluids between a stationary fluid supply / receiving part outside the hollow shaft 12 through the inner hollow space 16 of the hollow shaft 12.

[0074] The fluid supply system 10 includes at least one fluid supply unit 28. In the specific embodiment shown, the fluid supply system 10 includes three fluid supply units 28. In other embodiments, the fluid supply system 10 may include one, two, three or more than three fluid supply units 28. In the specific embodiment shown, the fluid supply units 28 are arranged coaxially to one another and / or on top of another, such as in a stacked arrangement. The fluid supply units 28 are each configured for coupling a stationary fluid supply to the rotatable or rotating hollow shaft 10 and are each configured for supplying a fluid through the inner hollow space 16 of the hollow shaft 12. Generally, the fluid supply system 10 may transfer fluids between a stationary fluid supply / receiving part outside the hollow shaft 12 through the inner hollow space 16 of the hollow shaft 12.

[0075] Each of the fluid supply units 28 includes, e.g. a first element 30, a second element 32 and a pipe element 34.

[0076] The first element 30 is fixedly connected to the hollow shaft 12 such that during rotation of the hollow shaft 12 the first element 30 rotates together with the hollow shaft 12. For example, the first element may be clamped with and / or screwed to the hollow shaft 12. The first element 30 extends at least partially or fully around the hollow shaft 12. In the specific embodiment shown, the first element 30 has a substantially ring-shaped shape. The first element 30 may thus also be referred to as first (inner) ring element.

[0077] The second element 32 is arranged outside of and / or around the first element 30 and couples with the first element 30. The second element 32 is configured to be staying stationary during rotation of the hollow shaft 12. In other words, the second element 32 does not rotate when the hollow shaft 12 is rotated. In the specific embodiment shown, the second element 32 has a substantially ring-shaped shape. The second element 32 may thus also be referred to as second (outer) ring element.

[0078] A first fluid channel 36 is provided in the first element 30 for providing a first fluid passage. The first fluid channel 36 is aligned with an opening 38 provided in the peripheral wall 14 of the hollow shaft.

[0079] A second fluid channel 40 is provided in the second element 32 for providing a second fluid passage.

[0080] A toroidal compartment 42 is formed within the first element 30 and the second element 32. The toroidal compartment 42 is fluidly connected to the first fluid channel 36 and the second fluid channel 40 for providing a fluid passage between the first fluid channel 36 and the second fluid channel 40. In the specific embodiment shown, the toroidal compartment 42 is formed by two toroidal sub-compartments 44, 46. A first toroidal sub-compartment 44 is provided within the first element 30 and a second toroidal subcompartment 46 is provided within the second element 32. The two toroidal sub-compartments 44, 46 form together the toroidal compartment 42. In the specific embodiment shown, the toroidal sub-compartments 44, 46 are formed by a substantially u-shaped cross-section provided in the first and second element 30, 32, respectively. In other embodiments not shown, the cross-sectional shape may be different, such as v-shaped, ring-shaped, rectangular, hemispherical or any other suitable shape.

[0081] The toroidal compartment 42 is sealed by a sealing element 48 arranged between the first element 30 and the second element 32. The sealing element 48 sealingly couples the first and second elements 30, 32 to one another. The sealing element 48 seals the toroidal compartment 42 against the environment. In the specific embodiment shown, the sealing element 48 protrudes outwardly from the first and / or second element 30, 32 such that the sealing element 48 of the first fluid supply unit 28 sealingly couples the first and second elements 30, 32 of the first fluid supply unit 28 to one another, and seal lingly couples the first and second elements 30, 32 of the second fluid supply unit 28 to one another. This may provide for a very compact configuration. In other embodiments, the first and second elements 30, 32 of the first fluid supply unit 28 and the first and second elements 30, 32 of the second fluid supply unit 28 may be sealed using separate sealing elements.

[0082] The pipe element 34 is fluidly connected to the first fluid channel 36 and extends into the inner hollow space 16 of the hollow shaft 12. In the specific embodiment shown, the pipe element 34 is integrally formed with the first element 30. In other embodiments this may not be the case (e.g., a coupling and / or a valve may be provided between the first fluid channel 36 and the pipe element 34). In the specific embodiment shown, the pipe element 34 extends through the opening 38 provided in the peripheral wall 14 of the hollow shaft 12.

[0083] As already mentioned, the three fluid supply units 28 may have the same design. Each of the fluid supply units 28 is configured for supplying a fluid from the stationary second element 32, via the toroidal compartment 42 to the rotatable or rotating first element 30 and from there to the pipe element 34, and in the vice versa direction. If more than one fluid supply unit 28 is used in the fluid supply system 10, as shown e.g. in Figure 1, the pipe element 34 of the respective fluid supply unit 28 may be arranged inside the hollow shaft 12 such as not to interfere with the other pipe element 34 of the other fluid supply unit 28. Each fluid supply unit 28 may supply fluid via the respective pipe element 34, as indicated by the arrows 50. The skilled reader will understand that the direction of arrows 50 is only indicative and shall illustrate the basic principle. Of course, the fluid in any of the pipe elements 34 may flow in the opposite direction, as the case may be.

[0084] As indicated in Figure 1, an end portion of the pipe element 34 may align with the longitudinal direction 18 of the hollow shaft 12. The end portion of the pipe element 34 may protrude from an end portion of the hollow shaft 12. The hollow shaft 12 itself may protrude from an inner face of the reactor wall 24.

[0085] In the specific embodiment shown in Figure 1, the fluid supply system 10 further includes a fluid delivery device 52. The fluid delivery device 52 may be a gaseous fluid delivery device, such as a blower configured for blowing a gaseous fluid, such as air, through the inner hollow space 16 of the hollow shaft 12, as indicated by the arrows 54. The fluid may be provided such that the fluid is delivered into the inner hollow space 16 through a first axial end 56 of the hollow shaft 12. In other words, the fluid may be delivered through the central opening of the hollow shaft 12. The fluid delivery device 52 may deliver the fluid such that fluid flows along the peripheral wall 14, and / or around an outer side of the pipe element(s) 34. For example, the fluid delivery device 52 may provide air (bubbles) flowing through the inner hollow space 16 and around the pipe element(s) 34.

[0086] Referring to Figure 2, another example of a fluid supply system 10 is shown. In the example of Figure 2, the fluid supply system 10 includes three fluid supply units 28 in a stacked arrangement. In the example of Figure 2, a pipe element 34 of a first fluid supply unit 28 is fluidly connected to a pipe element of a second fluid supply unit 28. For example, a heat-exchanger fluid, such as a cooling or heating fluid, may be provided by one pipe element 34, the heat-exchanger fluid may circulate, e.g. through a heat-exchanger coil as indicated by the circle 58 and may flow to the other pipe element 34, as indicated by the arrows. The cooling circuit may be used, e.g. for cooling and / or heating fluids and / or bulk materials contained inside the reactor compartment 22. The connected pipe elements 34 may form part of a cooling circuit. The skilled reader will understand that Figure 2 is for illustrating purposes only. Hence, various other flow connections are possible. In addition, the heat-exchanger fluid may flow in the opposite direction, as will be understood by the skilled reader. The example shown in Figure 2 is one of many examples and shall thus not be understood as limiting the scope of this disclosure. Referring to Figure 3, another example of a fluid supply system 10 is shown. In the example of Figure 3, the fluid supply system 10 includes three fluid supply units 28 in a stacked arrangement. In the example of Figure 3, a mixing device 60 is connected to the hollow shaft 12. The mixing device 60 is configured for mixing fluids and / or bulk material contained inside the reactor compartment 22, such as fluids and / or bulk materials used for solid-state fermentation.

[0087] Referring to Figure 4, another example of a fluid supply system 10 is shown. In the example of Figure 4, the fluid supply system 10 includes three fluid supply units 28 in a stacked arrangement. In the example of Figure 4, the toroidal compartment 42 is provided within the second element 32 and not within the first element 30. The second element 32 includes a substantially u-shaped cross-section for providing the toroidal compartment 42. The first element 30 has a substantially flat or straight shape. In the specific embodiment shown, the sealing element 48 is positioned close to the right hand-side. The schematic view of Figure 4 indicates possible positions x of the sealing element 48 between the first and second element 30, 32, depending on which one of the first and second elements 30, 32 forms the toroidal compartment 42. In the embodiment shown, the toroidal compartment 42 is formed only in the second element 32 which is why the position x of the sealing element 48 is at position xL. The position of the sealing element 48 may vary in a range between xO (when the toroidal compartment 42 is only formed in the first element 30) and the aforementioned position xL (when the toroidal compartment 42 is only formed in the second element 32, as shown in Figure 4). The example shown in Figure 4 is one of many examples of how the first and second elements 30, 32 may be sealed and shall thus not be understood as limiting the scope of this disclosure.

[0088] Referring to Figure 5, another example of a fluid supply system 10 is shown. In the example of Figure 5, the fluid supply system 10 includes three fluid supply units 28 in a stacked arrangement. The fluid supply units 28 may each include a first coupling element and / or a first valve element, schematically indicated by circles 61, 62, respectively. The first coupling element 61 may couple the pipe element 34 to the first element 30 and / or first fluid channel 36. The first valve element 62 may open or close a fluid passage between the first element 30 and / or first fluid channel 36 and the pipe element 34.

[0089] As further indicated in Figure 5, the fluid supply units 28 may each include a second coupling element and / or a second valve element, schematically indicated by circles 63, 64, respectively. The second coupling element 63 may couple the second element 32 and / or second fluid channel 40 to a second pipe element 66. The second valve element 64 may open or close a fluid passage between the second element 30 and / or second fluid channel 40 and the second pipe element 66.

[0090] Referring to Figure 6, another example of a fluid supply system 10 is shown. In the example of Figure 6, the fluid supply system 10 includes two fluid supply units 28 in a stacked and / or nested arrangement. In the example of Figure 6, the first fluid supply unit 28 and the second fluid supply unit 28 are engaged to one another such as to provide for a fixed position relative to one another. In the example of Figure 6, the first element 30 and the second element 32 of the first fluid supply unit 28 include a protrusion 68, and the first element 30 and the second element 32 of the second fluid supply unit 28 include a recess 70 adapted to engage with the corresponding protrusion 68 of the first fluid supply unit 28. A skilled reader will understand that various ways of engaging the first fluid supply unit 28 to the second fluid supply unit 28 are possible. Hence, the specific embodiment shown in Figure 6 shall not be construed to limit the scope of this disclosure.

[0091] As further indicated in Figure 6, the first element 30 is screwed onto the hollow shaft 12 such that the first element 30 is fixedly connected to the hollow shaft 12. Various other ways of fixedly connecting the first element 30 to the hollows shaft 12 are possible.

[0092] As further indicated in Figure 6, the pipe element 34 is fluidly connected to the first fluid channel 36, e.g., by using a threaded connection between the pipe element 34 and the first element 30. Various other ways of connecting the pipe element 34 to the first element 30 and / or first fluid channel 36 are possible.

[0093] Referring to Figure 7, another example of a fluid supply system 10 is shown. Figure 7 shows a schematic detailed view of a first fluid supply unit 28 connected to and engaged with a second fluid supply unit 28 (shown only partially). In the example of Figure 7, the first element 30 and the second element 32 of the first fluid supply unit 28 include a first flange 72. The first element 30 and the second element (not shown) of the second fluid supply unit 28 include a second flange 74 configured to be connected to the first flange 72 of the first fluid supply unit 28. The flange connection shown in Figure 7 is only illustrative. Many other suitable ways of engaging and / or connecting the first and / or second elements 30, 32 of one fluid supply unit 28 to another fluid supply unit 28 are possible.

[0094] Referring to Figure 8, another example of a fluid supply system 10 is shown. Figure 8 shows a schematic detailed view of the first element 30 being coupled to the second element 32 using a bearing 76 such as a ball bearing. A second bearing 76, such as second ball-bearing, may be used on an opposite side. The bearing 76 rotationally couples the first and second element 30, 32 to one another and ensures a smooth relative rotation between the first and second elements 30, 32, such as when the hollow shaft 12 is being rotated. The bearing 76 may be arranged outside of the sealing element 48 when viewed in longitudinal direction, as indicated in Figure 8.

[0095] Referring to Figure 9, another example of a fluid supply system 10 is shown. Figure 9 is a schematic three-dimensional view. In the example of Figure 9, the fluid supply system 10 includes three fluid supply units 28 in a stacked arrangement. Figure 9 shows the hollow shaft 12 that is configured to be rotated, such as by a motor. Figure 9 further shows the first element 30 extending around the hollow shaft 12 and fixedly connected to the hollow shaft 12 by a flange 78. The second element 32 is configured to be sealingly coupled to the first element 30 by the sealing elements 48. The second element 32 is configured to remain stationary during rotation of the hollow shaft 12. The first element 30 rotates together with the hollow shaft 12. Between the first and second element 30, 32 the toroidal compartment 42 is formed, providing a fluid passage between the first fluid channel 36 and the second fluid channel 40. In the specific embodiment shown, the toroidal compartment 42 is formed in the second element 32. The pipe element 34 is fluidly connected to the first fluid channel 36, as indicated in Figure 9. In the example of Figure 9, a first fluid supply unit 28 and a second fluid supply unit 28 are engaged and connected to one another using flanges 72, 74, as already explained in connection with Figure 7.

[0096] Figure 10 shows a schematic three-dimensional transparent view of the fluid supply system 10 shown in Figure 9. As can be seen in Figure 10, the sealing element 48 is arranged in-between the first and second elements 30, 32. In the specific example shown, the sealing element 48 is arranged in a groove formed at side faces of the first and second elements facing each other. On each side of the toroidal compartment 42 such a sealing element 48 is arranged to seal the toroidal compartment against the environment.

[0097] Figure 11 is a schematic view of another example of a fluid supply system 10.

[0098] In the example of Figure 11, the fluid supply system 10 includes a hollow branch element 82 connected to the peripheral wall 14 of the hollow shaft 12. The hollow branch element 82 is fixedly connected to the hollow shaft 12 such that, during rotation of the hollow shaft 12, the hollow branch element 82 turns together with the hollow shaft 12. The hollow branch element 82 includes a peripheral branch wall 84. The branch wall 84 defines an inner hollow branch space 86. The inner hollow branch space 86 is fluidly connected to the inner hollow space 16 of the hollow shaft 12 via an opening 80 arranged in the peripheral wall 34 of the hollow shaft 12.

[0099] In the example shown, the hollow branch element 82 extends in transverse direction and the hollow shaft 12 extends in longitudinal direction.

[0100] In the example shown, the hollow branch element 82 and the hollow shaft 12 are fixedly attached to each other, e.g. by soldering or welding. In other words, the hollow shaft 12 may be a first component and the hollow branch element 82 may be a second component connected to the hollow shaft 12 using suitable (and preferably fluid tight) means. The hollow branch element 82 and the hollow shaft 12 could also be integrally formed and / or as a monolithic unit.

[0101] In other embodiments not shown, more than one hollow branch element 82 may branch off from the hollow shaft 12.

[0102] As can be seen in Figure 11, the fluid supply system 10 further includes a branch pipe (branch pipe element) 88. The branch pipe 88 is connected to a pipe element 34 of the fluid supply system 10. The pipe element 34 includes an opening 90 extending through a peripheral wall of the pipe element 34. The branch pipe 88 is fluidly connected to the pipe element 34 via the opening 90. In the example shown, the branch pipe 88 extends in transverse direction and the pipe element 34 extends in longitudinal direction.

[0103] In the example shown, branch pipe 88 and the pipe element 34 are fixedly attached to each other, e.g. by soldering or welding. In other words, the pipe element 34 may be a first component and the branch pipe 88 may be a second component connected to the pipe element 34 using suitable (and preferably fluid tight) means. The branch pipe 88 and the pipe element 34 could also be integrally formed and / or are a monolithic unit.

[0104] In the example of Figure 11, the branch pipe 88 extends along the inner hollow branch space 86 of the hollow branch element 82. A first fluid may be supplied, for example, by the fluid supply unit 28 including the first element 30 and the second element 32. The first fluid may flow inside the pipe element 34 and branch off into the branch pipe 88. Another fluid, such as a second fluid, may be supplied, for example, by a fluid delivery device 52 as explained in connection with Figure 1. The second fluid may flow through the hollow shaft 12 along the peripheral wall 14 and / or around an outer side of the pipe element(s) 34. The second fluid may branch off at the opening 80, may flow into the hollow branch element 82 and may flow along the branch wall 84 and / or around an outer side of the branch pipe 88.

[0105] The first fluid may be a liquid fluid. The second fluid may be a gaseous fluid, such as air (e.g., to produce bubbles in the reactor). The first and the second fluid may not mix within the fluid supply system 10 (e.g., not mix at least until exiting at respective exit openings; see for example Figures 16a and b).

[0106] In the example of Figure 11, the branch pipe 88 extends along the inner hollow branch space 86 of the hollow branch element 82. In other embodiments (see for example Figure 13), the branch pipe 88 may pass through another opening arranged in the peripheral wall 14 of the hollow shaft 12 and may extend along an outside of the hollow branch element 82.

[0107] Referring to Figure 12, another example of a fluid supply system 10 is shown. In the example of Figure 12, the hollow branch element 82 extends in a spiral 92 around the longitudinal axis 18 of the hollow shaft 12. The hollow branch element 82 spirals around an outer side of the hollow shaft 12. The spiral 92 may include a helical shape. The spiral 92 may be such that fluids and / or bulk materials that are present outside of the hollow branch element 82, such as in a reactor compartment (see, for example, Figure 14) can be mixed. The hollow shaft 12 is fluidly connected to the hollow branch element 82. The inner hollow space 16 of the hollow shaft 12 is fluidly connected to the inner hollow branch space 86 of the hollow branch element 82.

[0108] In the example of Figure 12, the branch pipe 88 is arranged inside the hollow branch element 82 and extends along the inner hollow branch space 86 of the hollow branch element 82. Referring to Figure 13, another example of a fluid supply system 10 is show. In the example of Figure 13, the hollow branch element 82 includes the spiral 92 spiraling around an outer side of the hollow shaft 12. In the example of Figure 13, however, the branch pipe 88 extends along an outer side of the hollow branch element 82. With this arrangement, a total outer pipe surface can be increased compared to the embodiment shown in Figure 12 because the outer surface of the branch pipe 88 adds to the outer surface of the hollow branch element 82. The arrangement shown in Figure 13 may thus be advantageous in heat transfer applications, such as for cooling or heating fluids and / or bulk material arranged in a reactor compartment of a reactor.

[0109] Figure 14 shows the fluid supply system 10 of Figure 12 arranged inside a reactor 100, such as inside a bioreactor. The reactor 100 may be used for growing mycelium-forming fungi.

[0110] The hollow shaft 12 extends through a bore within the wall 24 of the reactor 100. The wall 24 defines a reactor compartment 22 of the bioreactor 100. During operation of the reactor 100, the hollow shaft 12 turns together with the hollow branch element 82. In the example shown, the hollow branch element 82 includes the spiral 92. Fluids and / or bulk material present within the reactor compartment 22 may be mixed using the spiral 92 of the hollow branch element 82. In addition, fluid, such as air (e.g., as bubbles), may be provided through the hollow branch element 82 and may exit the hollow branch element 82 via peripheral exit openings (see, for example, also Figures 16a and b) and may mix with the fluids and / or the bulk material present inside the reactor compartment 22. In addition, another fluid, may be provided within the branch pipe 88. The fluid may be provided such that it does not exit the branch pipe 88 and may, for example, be used for heating and / or cooling purposes, such as (pre)heating and / or cooling of the fluid provided within the hollow branch element 82, and / or heating and / or cooling of the fluids and / or the bulk material provided within the reactor compartment 22. Alternatively, a fluid, such as liquid fluid (e.g.. a sugar solution, a cleaning agent, or other fluids), may be provided within the branch pipe 88 and may exit the branch pipe 88 at exit openings 98 of the branch pipe (see, for example, also Figures 16a and b), and may mix with the fluid exiting the hollow branch element 82 at respective exit openings, and / or mix with the fluids and / or the bulk material present inside the reactor compartment 22. Sensors, such a temperature, pressure, humidity, pH-sensors, may be present inside the hollow branch element 82 and / or the branch pipe 88 for monitoring and / or supervising reaction steps and / or mixing steps used in connection with operation of the reactor 100.

[0111] Referring to Figure 15, another example of fluid supply system 10 is shown. In the example of Figure 15, two hollow branch elements 82 are arranged in a spiral shape around the hollow shaft 12. The two spirals (a first spiral 94 and a second spiral 96) may differ in terms of radius, curvature, and / or chirality. As an example, the second spiral 96 is arranged outside of the first spiral 94 and spirals in clockwise direction, whereas the first spiral 94 spirals in counterclockwise direction. Such configuration may provide for a better mixing inside the reactor because the material inside the reactor is moved in one direction by the first spiral 94 and back in the opposite direction by the second spiral 96. Optionally, one of the first and second spiral

[0112] 94, 96 may be solid (i.e., not hollow).

[0113] Figure 16a shows a schematic cross sectional view illustrating a fluid delivery via peripheral exit openings arranged on a peripheral wall of the branch pipe 88 and the hollow branch element 82.

[0114] Figure 16a shows the hollow shaft 12 with the inner hollow space 16, fluid supply units 28 with the first element 30 and the second element 32 and the pipe element 34. The hollow shaft 12 branches off into the hollow branch element 82 and the pipe element 34 branches off into the branch pipe 88. The branch pipe 88 extends along the inner hollow branch space 86 of the hollow branch element 82.

[0115] The hollow branch element 82 includes first peripheral exit openings 98 and the branch pipe 88 includes second peripheral exit openings 99. The first peripheral exit openings 98 and the second peripheral exit openings 99 are aligned to one another, for example overlap one another. In the example shown, the second peripheral exit openings 99 are formed in nozzles. The nozzles extend through the first peripheral exit openings 98 such that fluid may be discharge from the branch pipe 88 into the reactor compartment 22 via the nozzles. The nozzles may be adapted for mixing fluid.

[0116] Figure 16b shows another example of a fluid delivery via peripheral exit openings arranged on a peripheral wall of the branch pipe 88 and the hollow branch element 82.

[0117] Figure 16b shows the hollow shaft 12 with the inner hollow space 16, fluid supply units 28 with the first element 30 and the second element 32 and the pipe element 34. The hollow shaft 12 branches off into the hollow branch element 82 and the pipe element 34 branches off into the branch pipe 88. The branch pipe 88 extends along the inner hollow branch space 86 of the hollow branch element 82.

[0118] The hollow branch element 82 includes first peripheral exit openings 98 and the branch pipe 88 includes second peripheral exit openings 99. In the example of Figure 16b, the first peripheral exit openings 98 and the second peripheral exit openings 99 are preferably formed in respective nozzles. Fluid supplied within the branch pipe 88 can be discharged into the reactor compartment 22 via the first peripheral exit openings 98 formed in respective first nozzles. Fluid supplied within the hollow branch element 82 can be discharged into the reactor compartment 22 via the second peripheral exit openings 99 formed in respective second nozzles. The first and second nozzles may be adapted for mixing fluid supplied through the one or more first peripheral exit openings 98 with fluid supplied to the one or more second peripheral exit openings 99. The first peripheral exit openings 98 may be provided at different positions than the second peripheral exit opening 99 along the hollow shaft 12 and / or the branch pipe 88. The nozzles forming the second peripheral openings 99 may extend through the hollow shaft 12 and / or the branch pipe 88.

[0119] Figures 17a and b show schematic cross-sectional views of pipe elements 34 formed within the hollow shaft 12 and / or the branch pipe 88. In the examples shown, the hollow shaft 12 includes lamella or webs 102 delimiting a space therebetween which forms a fluid duct and / or channel 104 functioning as pipe element 34. The pipe element(s) 34 and the hollow shaft 12 may be formed, for example, from a pole or rod pressed through a corresponding matrix or mold such that the pressed pole or rod includes the lamella or webs 102 delimiting the space therebetween which functions as the pipe element 34.

[0120] The shape of the lamella or webs 102 when viewed in a cross-sectional view such as shown in Figures 17a and b may take any suitable geometric shape. For example, in Figure 17a the lamella 102 are arranged radially, whereas in Figure 17b the lamella or webs 102 are arranged such that a honeycomb structure is obtained. Various other geometries may be possible. The fluid channels and / or ducts 104 that function as pipe elements 34 may be fluidly connected to a respective fluid supply unit.

[0121] While in Figures 17a and 17b it is illustrated that the hollow space 16 and / or the hollow branch space 86 may be formed by a channel 104 extending in the center of the hollow shaft 12 and / or branch pipe 88, the skilled reader will appreciate that any one or more of the channels 104 could be used to form the hollow space 16 and / or the branch space 86 and transport fluids and / or liquids therethrough as described above.

[0122] Figure 18 shows two examples of fluid routing within the fluid supply system 10.

[0123] In the upper example, fluid supply units (FSU) 1 and 2 are used for heat exchange. A heat exchange fluid is routed through FSUs 1 and 2 for heat exchange purposes, such as cooling or (pre-)heating. Nutrients are supplied via FSU 3 and aeration is performed via the hollow shaft (HS).

[0124] In the lower example, heat exchange fluid is routed via the hollow shaft (HS) and the FSU 1. Nutriens are provided via FSU 2 and aeration is performed via FSU 3.

[0125] The skilled reader will acknowledge than many more examples of fluid routing can be performed in the fluid supply system 10. The examples provided in Figure 18 shall thus not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure.

[0126] In the following, in connection with Figures 1 to 18, an example of using the fluid supply system 10 in a reactor, such as in the reactor 100, is provided. The example provided is for illustrative purposes only and shall thus not be construed to limit the scope of this disclosure.

[0127] 1. Substrate-loading:

[0128] A substrate is loaded into the reactor compartment 22. The substrate may comprise discrete lignocellulose plant-derived particles (e.g., straw, husk, wood), buffering agents and other chemicals, minerals, micronutrients(lipids, Nitrogenous stuff) and water.

[0129] 2. Reactor sealing: The compartment 22 is sealed to maintain internal process control. Ports may be closed or redirected depending on the phase: sterilization, inoculation, or colonization.

[0130] 3. Sterilization or Pasteurization (Thermal Treatment Phase):

[0131] The substrate is sterilized or pasteurized, preferably using the hollow branch element 82 by directly injecting steam in a distributed manner into the substrate. During this, the spiral 92 (see, for example, Figure 14) may be rotating to facilitate mixing of the substrate. The spiral 92 may be a single spiral 92 (see, for example, Figure 14) or may be two concentrically arranged spirals 94, 96 (see Figure 15), wherein one spiral, such as the outer spiral 96, turns in a clockwise direction and the other spiral, such as the inner spiral 94, turns in a counterclockwise direction (or vice-versa). In this way, a convectional mixing of the substrate may be enabled and the steam and thereby the heat may be added more quickly into the substrate, thereby increasing efficacy of the sterilization or pasteurization. Also chemicals may be added during this step as to increase the chemical activity due to heat and thereby increase pasteurization / sterilization-efficacy.

[0132] 4. Cooling & Inoculation:

[0133] The substrate may be cooled down such that it can be inoculated for example using a liquid or discrete particle inoculum. The inoculum may be mixed into the substrate to ensure an even inoculum distribution to increase growth efficacy. When utilizing a liquid or liquified inoculum, the inoculum may be directly added to the substrate utilizing the fluid supply-system e.g. over a fluid-supply unit or the hollow shaft, ensuring an even distribution of inoculum throughout the volume of the substrate.

[0134] 5. Colonization:

[0135] Colonization of the substrate, e.g. by mycelium, is performed inside of the reactor 100, wherein air or a gaseous mixture similar to air (for example with an increased oxygen content to increase oxidative stress onto the mycelium) is added into the substrate. The gaseous mixture can be distributed efficiently using the fluid supply system 10 and most of the substrate volume can be aerated, e.g. by using the hollow branch element 88 spiraling around the hollow shaft 12, and cooled simultaneously, e.g. by providing a cooling fluid through the branch pipe 88. One or more sensors provided inside the hollow branch element 88 and / or the branch pipe 88 may control and / or supervise the mixing, aeration or other critical steps critical steps for faster colonization and increased performance of the reactor 100. As is apparent to the skilled person, to prohibit the wires of sensors mounted in the hollow shaft or a hollow branch element from tangling, a slip-ring (or similar) electromechanical connection is preferably utilized.

[0136] 6. Retrieving:

[0137] After colonization has been achieved to the desired degree, the now colonized (e.g. mycelialized) substrate is retrieved from the reactor compartment 22.

[0138] 7. CIP (cleaning in place) Cleaning agents, such as alkaline, acidic, enzymatic or the like, may be introduced through the aeration system (e.g. through the exit openings of the hollow branch element 82) or through dedicated CIP inlet channels. Steam may be reinjected to assist with biofilm removal and bioburden reduction. Rinsing and drying phases may ensure readiness for the subsequent production cycle with minimal contamination risk.

[0139] The skilled reader will understand that any of the examples shown in connection with Figures 1 to 18 may be combined, as appropriate.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A fluid supply system (10), comprising: a hollow shaft (12) configured to be rotated, the hollow shaft (12) having a peripheral wall (14) defining an inner hollow space (16) extending along a longitudinal axis (18) of the hollow shaft (12), and at least one fluid supply unit (28) for coupling a stationary fluid supply to the hollow shaft (12), the at least one fluid supply unit (28) being configured for supplying a fluid through the inner hollow space (16) of the hollow shaft (12), the at least one fluid supply unit (28) including, a first element (30) extending at least partially around the hollow shaft (12), wherein the first element (30) is fixedly connected to the hollow shaft (12) such that during rotation of the hollow shaft (12) the first element (30) rotates together with the hollow shaft (12), a second element (32) coupled to the first element (30) and being configured for staying stationary during rotation of the hollow shaft (12), a first fluid channel (36) provided in the first element (30), the first fluid channel (36) being aligned with an opening (38) extending through the peripheral wall (14) of the hollow shaft (12), a second fluid channel (40) provided in the second element (32), a toroidal fluid compartment (42) provided at least partially within the first element (30) and / or the second element (32), wherein the toroidal fluid compartment (42) is fluidly connected to the first fluid channel (36) and the second fluid channel (40) for providing a fluid passage between the first fluid channel (36) and the second fluid channel (40), a sealing element (48) sealingly coupling the first element (30) with the second element (32), wherein the sealing element (48) is configured for sealing the toroidal fluid compartment (42) against an environment of the fluid supply unit (28), and a pipe element (34) fluidly connected to the first fluid channel (36), wherein the pipe element (34) extends along the inner hollow space (16) of the hollow shaft (12). The rotatable fluid supply system (10) of claim 1, further comprising: a fluid delivery device (52), preferably a gaseous fluid delivery device, such as a blower, configured for delivering fluid, preferably gaseous fluid, such as air, through the inner hollow space (16) of the hollow shaft (12), wherein the fluid delivery device (52) is configured for delivering the fluid into the inner hollow space (16), preferably such that:- the fluid flows along the peripheral wall (14); and / or- the fluid flows around an outer side of the pipe element (34); and / or- the fluid is delivered into the inner hollow space (16) through a first axial end (56) of the hollow shaft (12).

3. The rotatable fluid supply system (10) of claims 1 or 1, wherein the first element (30) includes a first toroidal sub-compartment (44) and the second element (32) includes a second toroidal subcompartment (46), wherein the first toroidal sub-compartment (44) and second toroidal subcompartment (46) form together the toroidal compartment (48), preferably wherein the first and / or second toroidal sub-compartment (44, 46) is formed by a substantially u-shaped, and / or v-shaped, and / or hemispherical cross-section of the first and / or second element (30, 32).

4. The rotatable fluid supply system (10) of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: a motor (20) configured for rotating the hollow shaft (12).

5. The rotatable fluid supply system (10) of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: a mixing device (60) connected to the hollow shaft (12) and configured for mixing fluids and / or bulk materials, such as fluids and / or bulk materials used in connection with a bioreactor.

6. The rotatable fluid supply system (10) of any one of the preceding claims, wherein an end portion of the pipe element (34) aligns with the longitudinal axis (18) of the hollow shaft (12), preferably wherein the end portion of the pipe element (34) protrudes from an end portion of the hollow shaft (12).

7. The rotatable fluid supply system (10) of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one fluid supply unit (28) includes a bearing (76), preferably two bearings, such as a ball-bearing, wherein the bearing (76) is arranged between the first element (30) and the second element (32) and wherein the bearing (76) is configured for rotatably coupling the first element (30) with the second element (32).

8. The rotatable fluid supply system (10) of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one fluid supply unit (28) includes: a coupling element (61) for coupling the pipe element (34) to the first fluid channel (36), and / or a valve element (62) arranged between the first fluid channel (36) and the pipe element (34) and configured for opening or closing a fluid passage between the first fluid channel (36) and the pipe element (34), and / or a second pipe element (66) connected to the second fluid channel (40), preferably wherein the second pipe element (66) is coupled to the second fluid channel (40) by a second coupling element (63), and / or wherein a second valve element (64) is arranged between the second fluid channel (40) and the second pipe element (66), the second valve element (64) being configuredfor opening or closing a fluid passage between the second fluid channel (40) and the second pipe element (66).

9. The rotatable fluid supply system (10) of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fluid supply system (10) includes at least two fluid supply units (28), wherein a first fluid supply unit (28) and a second fluid supply unit (28) of the at least two fluid supply units (28) are arranged coaxially to one another, preferably on top of one another, preferably in a stacked arrangement.

10. The rotatable fluid supply system (10) of claim 9, wherein the first fluid supply unit (28) and the second fluid supply unit (28) are engaged to one another such as to provide for a fixed position relative to one another.

11. The rotatable fluid supply system (10) of claim 10, wherein the first and / or second element (30, 32) of the first fluid supply unit (28) includes a protrusion (68) and the respective first and / or second element (30, 32) of the second fluid supply unit (28) includes a recess (70) configured for engaging with the corresponding protrusion (68) of the first fluid supply unit (28), and / or the first and / or second element (30, 32) of the first fluid supply unit (28) includes a first flange (72) and the respective first and / or second element (30, 32) of the second fluid supply unit (28) includes a second flange (74) configured to be connected to the first flange (72) of the first fluid supply unit (28).

12. The rotatable fluid supply system (10) of any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the sealing element (48) of the first fluid supply unit (28) and the sealing element (48) of the second fluid supply unit (28) are formed as a single sealing element, wherein the single sealing element sealingly couples the first and the second element (30, 32) of the first fluid supply unit (28) and sealingly couples the first and the second element (30, 32) of the second fluid supply unit (28).

13. The rotatable fluid supply system (10) of any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the pipe element (34) of the first fluid supply unit (28) and the pipe element (34) of the second fluid supply unit (28) are fluidly connected to one another, such as for forming a heat-exchanger circuit and / or supplying a heatexchanger fluid through the connected pipe elements (34), preferably wherein a heat-exchanger coil (58) is connected between the pipe element (34) of the first fluid supply unit (28) and the pipe element (34) of the second fluid supply unit (28).

14. The rotatable fluid supply system (10) of any one of the preceding claims, wherein:the peripheral wall (14) of the hollow shaft (12) includes at least one opening (80), a hollow branch element (82) is connected to the peripheral wall (14) of the hollow shaft (12) and configured for rotating together with the hollow shaft (12), the hollow branch element (82) including a branch wall (84), the branch wall (84) defining an inner hollow branch space (86), the inner hollow branch space (86) being fluidly connected to the inner hollow space (16) of the hollow shaft (12) via the at least one opening (80) in the peripheral wall (14) of the hollow shaft (12), a branch pipe (88) is fluidly connected to the pipe element (34) via at least one opening (90) arranged in a peripheral wall of the pipe element (34), and the branch pipe (88) extends along the inner hollow branch space (86) of the hollow branch element (82), or the branch pipe (88) extends from an inside of the hollow shaft (12) to an outside of the hollow shaft (12) and along an outside of the hollow branch element (82), preferably in parallel to the hollow branch element (82).

15. The rotatable fluid supply system (10) of claim 14, wherein the hollow branch element (82) extends in a spiral (92) around the longitudinal axis (18) of the hollow shaft (12), preferably wherein the spiral (92) is configured for mixing fluids and / or bulk materials, such as fluids and / or bulk materials used in connection with a bioreactor (100), and / or the spiral (92) includes a helical shape.

16. The rotatable fluid supply system (10) of claims 14 or 15, wherein: the hollow branch element (82) includes one or more first peripheral exit openings (98), and the branch pipe (88) includes one or more second peripheral exit openings (99), the one or more second peripheral exit openings (99) preferably being aligned with the one or more first peripheral exit openings (98).

17. The rotatable fluid supply system (10) of claim 16, wherein the one or more first peripheral exit openings (95) are larger than the one or more second peripheral exit openings (96).

18. The rotatable fluid supply system (10) of claims 16 or 17, wherein the one or more first peripheral exit openings (98) and / or the one or more second peripheral exit openings (99) are formed in nozzles provided in the hollow branch element (82) and / or the branch pipe (88), respectively, preferably wherein the nozzles are adapted for mixing fluid supplied through the one or more first peripheral exit openings (98) with fluid supplied to the one or more second peripheral exit openings (99).

19. The rotatable fluid supply system (10) of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising:a wall (24) defining a compartment (22) such as a compartment (22) of a bioreactor, wherein the hollow shaft (12) extends through a bore (26) of the wall and into the compartment (22) for providing fluid to the compartment (22).

20. A reactor (100), preferably a bioreactor, such as a bioreactor for growing mycelium-forming fungi on a lignocellulosic substrate, the reactor comprising: a reactor wall (24) defining a reactor compartment (22), and a rotatable fluid supply system (10) of any one of claims 1 to 19, preferably wherein the hollow shaft (12) extends through a bore (26) of the reactor wall (24) and into the reactor compartment (22) for providing fluid to the reactor compartment (22), and / or a heat-exchanger coil, such as the heat-exchanger coil (58) of claim 13, is connected inbetween the pipe elements (34) of two fluid supply units (28).

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