Multi-site fungicide

Abstract

The present invention provides methods of treating a crop against fungal pathogen infection comprising applying a spray mix composition comprising solid particulate multisite fungicide compound and aqueous carrier such as water to the crop, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the composition is between 10 g a.i. / hL to 200 g a.i. / hL and the composition is applied at a rate between 200 g to 1500 g of the multisite fungicide per hectare preferably utilizing optimized spraying techniques and / or precision spraying equipment. The present invention also provides low-volume aqueous compositions comprising a solid particulate multisite fungicide and aqueous carrier such as water, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the low-volume aqueous composition is between 10 g a.i. / hL to 200 g a.i. / hL. The invention is exemplified though in no way limited to spray mix compositions of Phthalimide fungicidal compounds.

Description

[0001] MULTI-SITE FUNGICIDE

[0002] Throughout this application various publications are referenced. The disclosures of these documents in their entireties are hereby incorporated by reference into this application in order to more fully describe the state of the art to which this invention pertains.

[0003] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 664,299, filed June 26, 2024, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

[0004] Field of the Present Subject Matter

[0005] This disclosure concerns methods of addressing crop fungal pathogen, including, combatting, curing, preventing, treating, crops against fungal pathogen infestation, infection, and diseases caused by agricultural crop fungal pathogens, comprising applying fungicidally effective reduced amounts of multisite fungicide compounds from spray mix compositions comprising dispersed particulate multisite fungicidal compounds in water to the crop or locus thereof, wherein the amount of the multisite fungicide that is applied is significantly reduced as compared to previously established amounts such that, only between 200g to no more than 800g or 600g of the multisite fungicide active ingredient is applied efficaciously per hectare of crops or locus thereof, without the need for particular intensifying additives, ingredients or combinations. This disclosure thus also concerns, spray mix compositions and methods for the reduction in the total amount of multisite fungicide compound that is fungicidally effectively applied to crops exemplified by, hops, olives, almonds, bananas, grapes, apples, pears potatoes and flower bulbs to rates exemplified by between about 300g to about 500g of multisite fungicide compound per acre of crops the multisite fungicidal compound are herein often exemplified by though not limited to, the phthalimide multisite fungicides captan and / or folpet, providing levels of pesticide use reduction beyond what has been previously achieved other than by use of intensifying ingredients.

[0006] This disclosure concerns methods of addressing a crop fungal pathogen, and / or treating a crop against fungal pathogen infection comprising applying a composition comprising multisite fungicide and water to the crop or locus thereof, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the composition is between about 10g a.i. / hL to about 200g a.i. / hL, typically, about 28g a.i. / hL to about 170g a.i. / hL, and the spray mix composition is applied at a rate between 200g to 1000g of the multisite fungicide active ingredient per hectare. Typically, when the multisite fungicide is a dispersion of solid phthalimide fungicide particles in an aqueous carrier, the concentration of the dispersed solid particulate fungicide in the spray mix composition is between about 45g a.i. / hL to about 200g a.i. / hL, and the spray mix composition is applied at a rate between 350g to 600g of the phthalimide fungicide active ingredient per hectare.

[0007] The present invention thus also provides low-volume aqueous compositions comprising a multisite fungicide and water, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the low-volume aqueous composition is between 10g a.i. / hL to 200g a.i. / hL for addressing a crop fungal pathogen, and / or treating a crop against fungal pathogen infection at reduced rates of fungicide application exemplified by application rates between about 300g a.i. / Ha and about 800g a.i. / Ha.

[0008] Background of the Invention

[0009] Fungicides are compounds of natural or synthetic origin which act to protect plants against damage caused by fungi. In spite of the benefits derived from the use of fungicides in agriculture such as protection of crops and improved productivity, it is nowadays desirable to reduce the amount of fungicides used in the fields owing to the potential environmental risks associated with an intensive use of agrochemicals.

[0010] Broad spectrum fungicides, more particularly multi-site inhibitor fungicides, comprising phthalimide fungicides, such as captan and folpet, are considered as a low resistance risk group known for control of crop plant pathogens and plant diseases that they cause, on various crops while maintaining a good anti-resistance strategy.

[0011] Therefore, phthalimide fungicides, such as captan and folpet, offer clear benefits including low risk to develop resistance, effective mixing / altemating partners for medium to high-risk fungicides, protecting and prolonging the lifespan of highly effective medium to high resistance risk fungicides, providing added levels and spectrum of disease control, supporting the single sites to be even more efficient, and preventing or delaying resistance development.

[0012] These phthalimide fungicide compounds have an excellent crop safety profile and provide an important tool in fungal pest management without significant crop harm caused by their application by following use guidelines.

[0013] The phthalimide fungicidal compounds Captan and Folpet are available commercially inter alia as solid and liquid concentrated compositions comprising between 10% and 80% of dispersed particulate active fungicidal compound, by weight, of the composition, which are used for preparing spray mixes prior to application to crops or locus thereof. Some known products are water dispersible granules (WDG) and suspension concentrates (SC), for example comprising 800g a.i. / Kg WDG , and Captan 480g / L SC or Folpet 500g / L SC. Although it is clear that this invention relates to the final diluted spray mix and is not in any way limited by the concentrate that is dilutes in order to obtain the spray mix of dispersed particulate multisite / phthalimide fungicide.

[0014] There is generally a trend in agricultural pesticide application to employ lower volumes of pesticide spray liquids for application to crops, and often the recipes of pesticide compositions previously used when applying pesticides using previously known large volumes need to be changed to allow for spraying low or even ultra-low volumes of pesticides. This trend and the challenges it poses, can be seen in the multitude of patent applications that have been filed which are directed to such new compositions and / or ingredients that allow for the desired volume reduction. However, these previously reported low or ultra-low volume spray liquids have associated difficulties whether from the point of view of the amount or type of non-active ingredients which need to be reduced or changed to account for higher concentrations of the active pesticidal ingredients, or the physical properties of these new compositions. Many of the issues surrounding developing low volume pesticides relate to the long-held belief that no matter what volume of spray is applied to a crop, the total amount of active ingredient in grams per hectare applied must remain the same as established in legacy large volume spray mixes if the efficacy of the original large volume spray is to be maintained.

[0015] Thus, until now the process of developing such low volume products has been seen as how to increase the concentration of the active pesticide in the spray so as to ensure the previously accepted “dose” of pesticide reaches the crop using a lower liquid volume. Unfortunately, it has often proven the case that these low volume pesticide spray mixes do not seem to result in exactly the same efficacy as the original large volume versions even when the amount of active ingredient per hectare remains the same, and perhaps this has been the basis of the many suggested patents using perhaps special ingredients or novel formulating techniques. It should also be borne in mind, as mentioned, that beyond a certain level of concentration, issues related to spraying, pumping, nozzles, etc. also start to become issues due to higher viscosities etc.

[0016] Therefore, there is a need to develop lower volume pesticide spray mixes which maintain the efficacy of established large volume sprays without the concomitant difficulties referred to above.

[0017] Further, use of pesticides is becoming more often an environmental issue and safety is one of the parameters which must be taken into consideration when fungicides are used as exposure to humans, animals, soil, ground water, and the environment generally is becoming more prevalent. This concern is often addressed using one or several of the following approaches: efficient application techniques, dose reduction, reduction in number of applications, reduction of period of application, and / or reduction of growing stages at application, see “Directive 2009 / 128 / Ec Of The

[0018] European Parliament And Of The Council Of 21 October 2009 “Establishing A Framework For

[0019] Community Action To Achieve The Sustainable Use Of Pesticides” found at htps : / / eur- This publication provides many measures including the following “2. The measures provided in paragraph 1 shall include:

[0020] (b) giving preference to the most efficient application techniques such as the use of low-drift pesticide application equipment especially in vertical crops such as hops and those found in orchards and vineyards; . See, the EPA “Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Program” and

[0021] “Fungicide resistance management: Maximizing the effective life of plant protection products” at Corkley, et al. September 2021.

[0022] In some cases, this concern has led authorities to cancel approved uses, cancel the pesticide registration, or ban the pesticide active substance, or require strict reductions in the amount permitted to be applied to crops.

[0023] Therefore, there is a need for new compositions and methods of treatment where the amount of pesticide to which the environment is exposed is significantly reduced while at the same time, the high efficacy previously associated with applications of high levels of pesticide use is not affected.

[0024] Both of the above challenges are addressed by the surprising counterintuitive insight of the inventor as is detailed herein.

[0025] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0026] To prepare low volume spray mixes, the common practice in the art is to concomitantly increase the concentration of the fungicide to maintain the grams fungicide per hectare applied which has been assumed to be necessary, to maintain a similar level of fungal control. In other words, when reducing the volume of aqueous spray mix applied, it is commonly understood that the dilution factor should be reduced (i.e., concentration of active ingredient should be increased) such that the same amount of active ingredient is applied in the smaller volume of aqueous spray mix to achieve the same level of efficacy.

[0027] Contrary to current understandings, it has been found that for multisite fungicides, such as phthalimide fungicides, low-volume spray mixes may be prepared using low active ingredient concentrations or even the same or similar dilution factor as high-volume spray mixes, and the amount of active ingredient (in terms of grams of fungicide per hectare) applied may be reduced while maintaining the same level of fungicidal efficacy.

[0028] The inventors find that many benefits are achieved by using relatively dilute compositions, and that highly concentrated low-volume aqueous suspensions of multisite fungicides can be detrimental to their fungicidal efficacy per gram applied. Inventors have surprisingly discovered that efficacy per gram of active multi-site fungicidal ingredient applied, can be increased or even decreased by manipulation of the concentration of the active multi-site fungicidal compound in the spray mix that is prepared prior to application. Such that by careful choice of concentration, the amount of the multisite fungicide applied in grams can be reduced while the efficacy remains substantially the same. The discovery that lower concentrations of multisite fungicides can have higher efficacy per gram of pesticide compound is totally counterintuitive in a field where either concentration is viewed as irrelevant, or that the opposite is true, that a concentrated liquid is more “potent” than a dilute multisite spray mix. This surprising effect is clearly demonstrated in the model multisite phthalimide fungicides such as, Captan and Folpet.

[0029] The inventors find that the fungicidally effective amount (in grams or Kg), of a particular multisite fungicide, such as a phthalimide, per hectare is not a fixed amount but is affected by the concentration of the composition from which the multisite fungicide is applied. The efficacy of a multisite fungicide per gram of multisite fungicide applied may be increased by applying the multisite fungicide in a composition having a lower concentration of the multisite fungicide within a practicable range.

[0030] In several embodiments the benefit of the invention is not measured by an increase of fungicidal efficacy per se, but rather to achieve the same or comparable efficacy using less pesticidal ingredients per hectare. For example, a fungicide compound that achieves 85% efficacy when 1200g active ingredient is applied in a volume of spray mix of 1000L per Hectare, is considered to be particularly improved when that same 85% efficacy is achieved by applying only 420g of that same fungicide active compound in 350L of spray mixture per hectare . The benefits achievable by accurately applying the fungicide from a low volume composition are surprisingly further enhanced by not following common knowledge or previous recommendations, to proportionally increase the concentration when reducing volume (i.e., translating a high-volume Tank-mix or spray mixture to formulate a Low-Volume composition) for drone applications or other low volume application systems.

[0031] As such, for multisite fungicides exemplified by Phthalimide fungicidal active compounds provided as suspended solid particulates in aqueous carriers, when there is a need to reduce the volume of aqueous spray mix applied, the concentration of active ingredients does not need to be increased to maintain the same level of fungicidal efficacy. Further, the efficacy of the phthalimide fungicide as measured by grams of active ingredient applied per area of crops may be increased by applying an aqueous spray mix with reduced concentration of the phthalimide fungicide.

[0032] Further, the insight of the inventors from extensive experimentation provides indications that when all other parameters are kept constant there is an efficacy benefit available when the concentration of the multisite fungicidal compound dispersed as solid particulates in an aqueous carrier is reduced. However, for practical purposes, this reduction in concentration also seems to have a limit as regards practicality. After all there is a limit to the volume of liquid that can be spray applied to a crop within a given period and a useful amount of the fungicide compound must actually be applied.

[0033] Within the experiments disclosed in PCT / IB2022 / 056346 it can be seen that one or two of the myriad treatments of the fungicidal applications tried, were efficacious though not as efficacious as may have been desired, perhaps not sufficiently efficacious for commercial interest, and as such those treatments should normally have been rejected from consideration as useful. However, on reviewing those previous experiments, inventors now see based on their novel insight, that even those less outstanding treatments displayed a previously inexplicable modicum of benefit in efficacy displayed by a lower than expected reduction in efficacy when reducing the amount of fungicide applied but at a lower concentration, which can now be explained due to the modulation of the concentrations used. Inventors now reassess those experiments in light of their inventive insight and can show that the poorly performing treatments did not perform as badly in a numerical sense as should have been predicted based on a simple numerical value of grams of fungicide delivered to each unit area of crop and their insight now provides both an explanation of those disclosed treatment results and a direction for novel compositions and methods of treatment etc. which is embodied in this instant invention.

[0034] In several other experiments it was found that by reducing the concentration of a spray mix by half, the same fungicidal efficacy achieved by applying 800g a.i. / Ha phthalimide fungicide at a concentration of 400g a.i. / hL could be reached by applying 400g a.i. / Ha from a spray mix comprising only 200 g a.i. / hL. In some experiments, comparable fungicidal efficacy to that which was achieved by applying 960g a.i. / Ha solid particulate phthalimide fungicide dispersed in an aqueous carrier at a concentration of 480g a.i. / hL could be reached by applying 400g a.i. / Ha from a spray mix comprising only 200 g a.i. / hL. “Comparable” as herein defined meaning not statistically different.

[0035] Thus when wishing to convert a legacy large volume multisite fungicide spray mix into a low volume or even ultra-low volume spray mix, inventors find that previous strategies for a conversion to a low volume application by reducing the volume of spray mix into which the same previously used amount of fungicide is dispersed is misguided.

[0036] In previous strategies, the focus was on maintaining the amount of the fungicide active ingredient applied per unit area of crops, in the mistaken belief that this value (g a.i. / Ha) alone, would determine efficacy. Inventors now find that both the concentration of the spray mix (g a.i. / hL), as well as the amount of the multisite fungicide applied per unit area (g a.i. / Ha), are important factors, especially when attempting to maintain comparable levels of fungicidal efficacy from multisite fungicidal spray mix compositions.

[0037] It can be reasoned without being bound by any theory, that this newly appreciated relationship effect of concentration (g a.i. / hL) and dose applied (g a.i. / Ha), was perhaps previously “masked” in prior investigations because it was often the case that the object of converting legacy large volume spray mixes in to low volume application strategies was coupled with techniques to make the best use of the spray mix by more accurate, precision or less wasteful application techniques such that by using the previously developed highly concentrated low volume spray mix there appeared to be gains in efficacy realized through reduction of “lost” spray mix drift dripping etc. The surprising discovery of the inventors now reveals that the gains in efficacy through reduction of “waste” and precision, were hampered by a simultaneous headwind caused by the increase in the concentration of the spray mix when those volumes were reduced, so that the gains were less than they could have been. Thus, in some embodiments of the invention, the multisite fungicide is applied from a low volume, low concentration spray mix coupled with more accurate application techniques and equipment, thus maximizing the efficacy achievable for each gram of multisite fungicide applied.

[0038] Thus, as previously reported in apple orchards, optimized systems following the best fungicide spray management practices implemented wherein the sprayer is completely and fully adjusted and optimized with a comprehensive consideration of specific application technology, the target tree crop, and environmental conditions which greatly mitigates the spray drift compared with the conventional system can only expect to achieve a saving of applied volume / pesticide by 12%, and even when employing precision spraying systems a saving of 43% would have been expected, Xun et al. (2023) see above.

[0039] In stark and surprising contrast as reported herein, by maintaining a low concentration of solid particulate phthalimide in an aqueous carrier while reducing the volume sprayed and coupled with optimized and precise application techniques, the efficacy achieved in comparison to legacy large volume lOOOL / Ha conventional volume spray mix application in apple orchards by 1200g a.i. / Ha, can now be achieved by applying 420g a.i. / Ha from 350L of spray mix liquid, in part at least by not following the previously held belief that the concentrations should be increased when reducing volumes of spray mix, thus reducing the amount of applied fungicide by 65% while maintaining the same level of efficacy. This level of reduction in applied pesticide without loss of efficacy is unheard of in crop treatments by simply improving spraying techniques, and certainly surprising in Phthalimide treatments of apple crop orchards.

[0040] Given the insight of the inventors it seems clear that with common and simple optimization techniques, even further reductions are attainable as inventors have now provided the counterintuitive direction to explore further improvements in efficacy per gram of multisite fungicide applied to each hectare of crops.

[0041] Thus, the invention in several embodiments includes the application of spray mix compositions of the invention comprising between 300g and 500g of solid particulate phthalimide fungicidal compounds such as captan and folpet dispersed in 250L to 1500L of aqueous carrier for each acre of crop of or locus thereof wherein the crops are any of apples, olives, grapes, almonds, bananas and hops. In some embodiment the application is by optimized spraying programs and precision equipment so as to reduce waste through drift, and by dripping through over wetting, and being directed specifically at the plant parts requiring the application, such as the tree canopy or even specified regions of the canopy.. Thus, the invention in several embodiments includes the application of spray mix compositions of the invention comprising between 300g and 500g of solid particulate phthalimide fungicidal compounds such as captan and folpet dispersed in either 250L to 500L, or 300L - 1500L (depending on the crop), of aqueous carrier for each acre of crop of or locus thereof wherein the crops are any of apples, olives, grapes, almonds, bananas and hops. In some embodiment the application is by optimized spraying programs and precision equipment so as to reduce waste through drift, and by dripping through over wetting, and being directed specifically at the plant parts requiring the application, such as the tree canopy or even specified regions of the canopy.

[0042] In one embodiment the invention provides a one-hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition comprising between 300g and 500g of solid particulate Phthalimide fungicidal compound dispersed in a liquid volume of between 250L to 1500L of liquid, wherein the phthalimide fungicidal compound is selected from captan and folpet.

[0043] In one embodiment the invention provides a one-hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition comprising between 300g and 500g of solid particulate Phthalimide fungicidal compound dispersed in a liquid volume of between 250L to 500L of liquid, wherein the phthalimide fungicidal compound is selected from captan and folpet.

[0044] In one embodiment the invention provides a one-hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition comprising between 300g and 500g of solid particulate Phthalimide fungicidal compound dispersed in a liquid volume of between WOOL to WOOL of liquid, wherein the phthalimide fungicidal compound is selected from captan and folpet.

[0045] In one embodiment the invention provides a one-hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition comprising 420g ±10% of solid particulate Phthalimide fungicidal compound dispersed in a liquid volume of between 2501 and 500L or between WOOL and WOOL of liquid, wherein the phthalimide fungicidal compound is selected from captan and folpet.

[0046] As all previous efforts which have been directed to smaller volumes have been coupled with higher concentrations of spray mix, requiring more sophisticated or precision spraying equipment, often requiring higher pressure pumping, and specialized spray nozzles, it would not be likely that the insights herein disclosed would have been found, other than by hindsight.

[0047] It is interesting to note the amount of research into efficacy-intensifying ingredients and combinations of active ingredients to boost fungicidal efficacy, evidencing the previously held belief that no more could be obtained from the optimization of the application spray mix itself. In one embodiment the invention provides a spray mix composition for addressing fungal pathogens in a single hectare of crop or locus thereof, of no more than 600g active multisite fungicidal compound typically between about 300g a.i. / Ha to about 500g a.i. / Ha . The spray mix composition of the invention is typically characterized by a concentration of between about 28g a.i. / hL to about 170 g a.i. / hL, or by a concentration of 20g ±10% a.i. / hL to 200g ±10% a.i. / hL, while the volume of the inventive spray mix compositions intended to be applied is between 250L and 1500L.

[0048] In all events, the spray mix compositions of the inventions and methods and uses employing them, are for application of reduced rates of multisite fungicidal compound application, as the focus, and the invention specifically envisages the use of optimized and or precision application programs and equipment to maximize the reduction in fungicide application while ensuring fungicidal efficacy comparable with legacy spray mix compositions and application techniques and equipment.

[0049] Without being bound by any theory, the benefits in efficacy are perhaps best thought of as “getting the most” out of each gram of the multisite fungicide applied. Such that it is sensible to understand that there should be a maximum level of additional efficacy that may be extracted from each gram of e.g., Solid Particulate Phthalimide Fungicide applied and coupled with the practicality of limiting the volume of sprat mix applied, the benefits achievable through concentration a clear range of useful increases in efficacy are experimentally proved to be best expressed as the reduced amount of the multisite fungicide needed to address a crop fungal pathogen when applied from the advantageously dilute spray mixture.

[0050] This method of addressing or treatment might be expressed numerically as articulated in terms of the novel improved method of treatment. A method of treating a crop against fungal pathogen infection comprising applying a composition comprising multisite fungicide and water to the crop, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the composition is between 10 g a.i. / hL to 200 g a.i. / hL and the composition is applied at a rate between 200 g to 1000 g of the multisite fungicide per hectare .

[0051] In other words, when converting a high-volume tank mix spray composition of phthalimide fungicide suspension into a low-volume tank mix spray composition, maintaining the amount of fungicidal ingredient applied per hectare alone is not as supremely important as previously assumed. Maintaining the concentration of the fungicidal ingredient in the composition used in the legacy high-volume tank mix spray composition can “compensate” for some reduction in the amount of fungicidal ingredient applied per hectare as inventors have found that concentration can affect efficiency and that more dilute low-volume phthalimide aqueous suspensions are often more efficacious per gram fungicide applied than more concentrated low-volume phthalimide aqueous suspensions when measured in grams of active ingredient per hectare of crops such as orchard, vine, and pomme fruits such as pears.

[0052] It is worth noting Pear at risk from Venturia pirina, Stemiphylium vesicarium , potato at risk from phytophthora infestans, and flower bulbs vulnerable toPenicilium spp., Colletotrichum spp., Phytium spp.)

[0053] Optimizing the concentration of the tank mix spray compositions can facilitate efficacy benefits that obviate the need to maintain the amount of fungicidal ingredient applied per hectare, inventors find that beneficial concentrations are found to be those which are more dilute.

[0054] The amount of pesticide needed to maintain similar efficacy of the phthalimide fungicides may be further reduced by applying the compositions of the present invention using equipment able to more accurately deliver the phthalimide fungicide to the crop plants and parts thereof without significant incidental loss. As the low volume aqueous pesticidal compositions of the present invention typically have similar or lower concentrations of phthalimide fungicide than high volume tank-mix spray liquids, the equipment, pumps, nozzles etc. used for application need not be especially able to handle highly concentrated liquid, providing an additional advantage of ease of use.

[0055] In some of the experiments carried out by the inventors, the low-volume spray mixes were applied using optimized application programs utilizing more accurate application apparatus. However, it is important to note that the reduction in the amount of multisite fungicide, in grams of active ingredient per hectare of crops, required for effective treatment achieved by the methods and compositions of the invention is significantly beyond the reduction in the amount of multi site fungicide that would be attributable to using accurate application equipment alone. The amount of pesticide that may be reduced by using accurate application equipment has been studied.

[0056] For example, in Xun et al. (2023). Advanced spraying systems to improve pesticide saving and reduce spray drift for apple orchards. Precision Agriculture, 24: 1526-1546. tps : Z / dgj ng / 10..100? A 1.1.1 J .9-02 J.0007-X, it was reported that an optimized system saved 12% of applied volume / pesticide and a precision system saved 43% of applied volume / pesticide.

[0057] In Examples 2 and 3 of the present invention, the amount of pesticide was reduced from 1200 g a.i. / ha applied in a spray liquid of WOOL to 450 g / ha in a spray volume of 350L, which is 65%, while maintaining the same level of fungicidal efficacy. It is now discovered that when the concentration of multisite fungicides is reduced, greater efficacy per gram of fungicide applied may be achieved. By applying the low-volume spraying techniques of the present invention, and optionally using accurate application equipment, the amount of multisite fungicide applied per hectare may be significantly reduced without loss of efficacy. The degree of reduction in the amount of multisite fungicide applied per hectare while maintaining efficacy is greater than the degree of reduction that may be achieved by using accurate application equipment alone.

[0058] Inventors stress that when employing the insights disclosed herein, optimization of the methods using the novel spray mix compositions are most beneficial when coupled with improved spraying techniques and equipment. Nothing herein disclosed should be taken to mean that the methods disclosed for fungicide dose reduction should always be implemented alone, and clearly combining the novel methods and compositions disclosed within a holistic pesticide reduction program and enhancing the efficacy of the pesticides through the previously disclosed methods, equipment, combinations and additives etc., are usefully combined and encouraged. Further benefits of this invention now become instantly apparent to those ordinarily skilled in this field of art but only in hindsight once the general principles have been herein disclosed. While using a low volume spray mix might have been previously considered by the skilled artisan, the previously assumed need for highly concentrated low volume spray mixes required equipment able to pump and spray such highly concentrated liquids, which may have deterred her from this approach.

[0059] In a similar manner the wrongly assumed requirement to develop new formulations for concentrates suitable for low-volume spraying may have been a factor in skilled artisans choosing to remain with the known, albeit wasteful, high volume regular tank-mix spray techniques. It can be instantly seen that these considerations should no longer be an impediment to implementing the efficiencies enabled by low volume spraying techniques and further encourage uptake of these environmentally advantageous techniques by the disclosure herein presented for the first time that even higher efficacy per gram of applied multisite fungicide compounds can be achieved than was previously suggested. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0060] Definitions

[0061] Prior to setting forth the present subject matter in detail, it may be helpful to provide definitions of certain terms to be used herein. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of skill in the art to which this subject matter pertains.

[0062] It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the present disclosure, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

[0063] Throughout the application, descriptions of various embodiments use the term “comprising”; however, it will be understood by one of skill in the art, that in some specific instances, an embodiment can alternatively be described using the language “consisting essentially of’ or “consisting of.”

[0064] As used herein, the term “a” or “an” includes the singular and the plural, unless specifically stated otherwise. Therefore, the terms “a,” “an” or “at least one” can be used interchangeably in this application.

[0065] As used herein, numerical values or figures are to be understood as being preceded by the term “about”, unless the context clearly does not allow for it, or unless expressly specified otherwise. As used herein the term "about" is understood to be inclusive of the stated value ±10% when no other directions are specified. In general specific to the context, the term "about" means within an acceptable range of deviation for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, considering the measurement in question and the error associated with measurement of the particular quantity (i.e. the limitations of the measurement system). For example, "about" can mean within one or more standard deviations, or in specific circumstances within ± 30%, ±20%, ±10%, ±5% of the stated value. In case of any doubt, or when conflicting ranges may be reasonably supported, the term “about” is understood to include ±10%. In this regard, and in other words, use of the term “about” herein specifically includes ±10% from the indicated values in the range unless this is rendered illogical by the context or the type of value or figure. In addition, the endpoints of all ranges directed to the same component or property herein are inclusive of the endpoints, are independently combinable, and include all intermediate points and ranges. Generally accepted numerical “rounding” procedures are intended. Thus in general as an example, a stated range of between “50” to “67” would be understood to include all individual values from 49.5 to 67.4.

[0066] As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as "at least one of," when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list.

[0067] As used herein, the term “crop (A)” refers in some embodiments to sugar beet, almonds, grapes, pears, potatoes, hops, olive, apple, citrus, cherry, banana, mango, papaya, pitaya, avocado, dragon fruit, guava, longan, litchi, durian, passion fruit, rambutan, mangosteen, cocoa, chili, onion, com, sugarcane, sorghum, coffee, cotton, rice, pulses, chickpea, pea, broad bean, fava bean, oil seed rape (OSR), soybean, or any combination thereof. Preferred crop (A) are described herein below.

[0068] As used herein, the term “fungal pathogen (I)” refers to Cercospora beticola, Cercospora sojina, Cercospora kikuchii. Ramularia beticola, Venturia oleagina, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum sp., Colletotrichum truncatum, Pseudocercospora musae, Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Cercospora zeae-maydis, Setosphaeria turcica, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, Cochliobolus carbonum, Ustilago maydis, Phialophora gregata, Gibberella zeae, Ustilago scitaminea, Hehninthosporium sacchari, Puccinia sorghi, Hemileia vastatrix, Gibberella xylarioides, Septoria glycines, Phakopsora gossypii, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phlyctema vagabunda, Puccinia schedonnardi, Puccinia cacabata, Corynespora cassiicola, Ascochyta gossypiicola, Glomerella gossypii, Rhizoctonia solani, Pyricularia oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Ascochyta rabiei, Ascochyta pisi, Ascochyta fabae, Cercospora zonata, Uromyces vicia-fabae, Peronospora viciae, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium sp., Fusarium virguliforme, Sclerotinia sp., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Phytophthora sp., Venturia inaequalis, Mycosphaerella fijiensis, or any combination thereof. Preferred fungal pathogen (I) are described herein below.

[0069] As used herein, the term “treating a crop against fungal pathogen infection” includes, but is not limited to, protecting the crop against fungal attack, preventing fungal infection of the crop , controlling fungal disease infecting the crop , and reducing fungal infection of the crop .

[0070] As used herein, the term “treating a crop against fungal pathogen infection” includes, but is not limited to, protecting the crop against fungal attack, preventing fungal infection of the crop controlling fungal disease infecting the crop , and reducing fungal infection of the crop As used herein, the terms “control” or “controlling” or "treating" refers but is not limited to preventing fungal disease, protecting crops from fungal disease, delaying the onset of fungal disease, and combating or killing fungal disease. They also may include the curative and / or eradication action of compounds and compositions on underway fungal diseases. Controlling fungal disease infecting the crop, propagation material of the crop of the crop, controlling a crop disease caused by phytopathologic fungi (pathogen), controlling fungal attack on the crop or, propagation material of the crop of the crop refers to curative application and / or protectant / preventive application and / or persistence application.

[0071] The term "applying" or "application", as used herein, refers but is not limited to applying the compounds and compositions of the invention to the crop, to a site of infestation by fungi, to a potential site of infestation by the fungi, which may require protection from infestation. It also refers to the activity of compounds and compositions on crops and fungal tissues with which they come into contact. The application may be by methods described in the present invention such as by spraying, dipping, etc.

[0072] As used herein, the term “protectant application” means an application of one or more fungicide for preventing fungal infection of the crop , wherein the fungicidal combination, mixture or composition is applied before infection / disease occurs, before any disease symptoms are shown or when the disease pressure is low. Disease pressure may be assessed based on the conditions associated with disease development such as spore concentration and certain environmental conditions.

[0073] As used herein, the term “preventative treatment” or “preventative activity” means an application of one or more pesticide for controlling pest infection of the crop , before an infection or before disease symptoms are shown and / or when the disease pressure is low. Disease pressure may be assessed based on the conditions associated with disease development such as spore concentration and certain environmental conditions. In some embodiments, the pest is a fungus.

[0074] As used herein the term “persistence treatment” or “persistence activity” means an application of one or more pesticide for controlling pest infection of the crop over an extended period of time, before an infection or before fungal disease symptoms are shown and / or when the fungal disease pressure is low. Fungal disease pressure may be assessed based on the conditions associated with fungal disease development such as spore concentration and certain environmental conditions.

[0075] In particular, when the term “persistence treatment” or “persistence activity” is used in connection with a fungicide, the term means application of one or more fungicide for controlling fungal infection of the crop over an extended period of inoculation, before an infection or before disease symptoms are shown and / or when the disease pressure is low. Disease pressure may be assessed based on the conditions associated with disease development such as spore concentration and certain environmental conditions.

[0076] As used herein, the term “more effective” includes, but is not limited to, increasing efficacy of fungal disease control, prolonging protection, and reducing the amount of time needed to achieve a given level of fungal control, prolonging the duration of protection against fungal attack after application and extending the protection period against fungal attack and / or reducing the amount of time needed to achieve a level of fungal control. Often, as pertains to this invention “more effective” refers to an increase in the fungicidal efficacy per gram of fungicide active ingredient applied to a crop as compared to the known and / or recommended efficacy per applied gram of active ingredient in a particular crop.

[0077] As an example of this type of “more effective” fungicide treatment, in circumstances where the fungicidal effective rate of application of a phthalimide was established from results using a large volume tank-mix per Hectare of pomme fruit trees was found to be e.g., 1200g of phthalimide suspended in WOOL of applied aqueous media (e.g., water) per hectare, a “more effective” low volume application of the same phthalimide (such as Captan) as in the instant invention might include only about 420g of the phthalimide fungicide suspended in only about 350L of the aqueous media (e.g., water) being sufficient to obtain the same fungicidal efficacy when that 350L of composition is applied over a Hectare of trees. The low-volume composition being “more effective”, less concentrated and easier to apply than previous low-volume compositions where the concentration had been increased per Liter of suspension medium. Clearly, being able to effectively apply a reduced amount of pesticide and water results in less exposure of the pesticide to the environment as well as lower usage of water which is often a scarce resource too, in some countries.

[0078] As used herein, the term “effective” when used in connection with any use method or may be but is not limited to increase in controlling fungal disease, increase in preventing fungal disease, decrease time for effective controlling fungal disease, decrease the amount of the fungicide which is required for effective controlling fungal disease, extend the controlling effect of the fungicide in terms of type of crop and disease, prolong the time of controlling effect.

[0079] In particular, the term “effective” may refer to, increasing efficacy of fungal disease control, reducing the amount of time needed to achieve a given level of fungal control, extending the protection period against fungal attack and / or reducing the amount of time needed to achieve a level of fungal control. As used herein, the term "agriculturally acceptable carrier" means carriers which are known and accepted in the art for the formation of compositions for agricultural or horticultural use.

[0080] As used herein, the term “adjuvant” is broadly defined as any substance that itself is not an active ingredient but which enhances or is intended to enhance the effectiveness of the pesticide with which it is used. Adjuvants may be understood to include, but are not limited to, spreading agents, penetrants, compatibility agents, and drift retardants.

[0081] As used herein, the term "agriculturally acceptable additives" is defined as any substance that itself is not an active ingredient but is added to the composition such as thickening agent, sticking agents, surfactants, anti -oxidation agent, anti -foaming agents and thickeners.

[0082] As used herein the term "crop" includes reference to agricultural crops including field crops (soybean, maize, wheat, rice, etc.), vegetable crops (potatoes, cabbages, etc.), fruits (peach, etc.), semi-perennial crops (sugarcane) and perennial crops (coffee and guava).

[0083] As used herein the term “crop” includes reference to whole crops, crop organs (e.g. leaves, stems, twigs, roots, trunks, limbs, shoots, fruits etc.), crop cells, seedling, or crop seeds. This term also encompasses crops such as fruits.

[0084] As used herein, the term "crops" refers to any and all physical parts of a crop, including but not limited to seeds, seedlings, saplings, roots, tubers, stems, stalks, foliage, and fruits.

[0085] The term “crop” may also include the propagation material thereof, which may include all the generative parts of the crop such as seeds and vegetative crop material such as cuttings and tubers, which can be used for the multiplication of the crop. It may also include spores, corms, bulbs, rhizomes, sprouts, basal shoots, stolons, and buds and other parts of crops, including seedlings and young crops, which are to be transplanted after germination, rooting or after emergence from soil or any other kind of substrate, be it artificial or natural.

[0086] As used herein the term "propagation material" is to be understood to denote all the generative parts of the crop such as seeds and spores, vegetative structures such as bulbs, corms, tubers, rhizomes, roots stems, basal shoots, stolons, and buds. As used herein, the term "cultivated crops" includes crops which have been modified by breeding, mutagenesis or genetic engineering. Genetically modified crops are crops, which their genetic material has been modified by the use of recombinant DNA techniques. Typically, one or more genes have been integrated into the genetic material of such a crop in order to improve certain properties of the crop.

[0087] The term “crop health” comprises various sorts of improvements of crops that are not connected to the control of pests. For example, advantageous properties that may be mentioned are improved crop characteristics including: greening, emergence, crop yields, protein content, oil content, starch content, more developed root system (improved root growth), improved stress tolerance (e.g. against drought, heat, salt, UV, water, cold), reduced ethylene (reduced production and / or inhibition of reception), increase in crop height, bigger leaf blade, less dead basal leaves, stronger tillers, greener leaf color, pigment content, photosynthetic activity, less input needed (such as fertilizers or water), less seeds needed, more productive tillers, earlier flowering, early grain maturity, less crop verse (lodging), shortening of stalks, increased diameter of stalks, increased shoot growth, enhanced crop vigor, increased crop stand and early and better germination; or any other advantages familiar to a person skilled in the art. Several of the above improvements have overlapping definitions and are of course not to be viewed as exclusive or exhaustive.

[0088] As used herein the term “ha” or “Ha”, refers to hectare.

[0089] As used herein, the term “pulses” comprises various annual leguminous crops yielding from one to 12 grains or seeds of variable size, shape and colour within a pod. As defined by The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the term "pulses" is limited to crops harvested solely for dry grain. They include bambara beans, dry beans, broad beans, dry horse beans, chickpeas, dry cow peas, lentils, lupins, dry peas, pigeon peas, pulses n.e.s. (not elsewhere specified - minor pulses that don’t fall into one of the other categories), fava beans and vetches.

[0090] It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “on” another element, it can be directly in contact with the other element or intervening elements may be present therebetween. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” another element, there are no intervening elements present.

[0091] The phrases “without significant phytotoxic harm”, “without measurable phytotoxic harm” and “without measurable concomitant phytotoxic harm” are alternative ways to express that application of the inventive method was found to have no adverse crop safety findings . A composition of multisite fungicide used in such a method having this characteristic is sometimes referred to as a crop-safe composition in that they avoid concomitant harmful and / or phytotoxic effects to the crop when the multisite fungicide is applied.

[0092] It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and / or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers, and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or section from another element, component, region, layer, or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer, or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer, or section without departing from the teachings of the present embodiments.

[0093] For the purposes of the following detailed description, it is to be understood that the invention may assume various alternative variations and step sequences, except where expressly specified to the contrary.

[0094] Methods

[0095] The present invention provides a method of treating a crop against fungal pathogen infection comprising applying a composition comprising multisite fungicide and water to the crop, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the composition is between 10g a.i. / hL to 200g a.i. / hL, typically, between 28g a.i. / hL and 170g a.i. / hL, and the composition is applied at a rate between 200g to 600 g of the multisite fungicide per hectare. The volume of the composition applied, is typically between 250g a.i. / Ha and 500g a.i. / Ha or between 300g a.i. / Ha and 1500g a.i. / Ha, depending on the crop.

[0096] The present invention provides a method of treating a crop against fungal pathogen infection comprising applying a composition comprising captan and water to the crop, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the composition is between 10 g a.i. / hL to 200 g a.i. / hL and the composition is applied at a rate between 200 g to 600 g of the multisite fungicide per hectare.

[0097] The present invention provides a method of treating a crop against fungal pathogen infection comprising applying a composition comprising multisite fungicide and water to the crop, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the composition is between 10 g a.i. / hL to 200 g a.i. / hL and the composition is applied at a rate between 200 g to 1000 g of the multisite fungicide per hectare, and wherein the multisite fungicide is other than captan.

[0098] In some embodiments, the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the composition is 30-200 g a.i. / hL. In some embodiments, the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the composition is 100- 120 g a.i. / hL. In some embodiments, the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the composition is 100 g a.i. / hL. In some embodiments, the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the composition is 120 g a.i. / hL. In some embodiments, the composition is applied at a rate between 200 g to 700 g of the multisite fungicide per hectare. In some embodiments, the composition is applied at a rate between 400 g to 700 g of the multisite fungicide per hectare. In some embodiments, the composition is applied at a rate between 300 g to 500 g of the multisite fungicide per hectare. In some embodiments, the composition is applied at a rate between 350 g to 420 g of the multisite fungicide per hectare. In some embodiments, the composition is applied at a rate of about 350 g of the multisite fungicide per hectare. In some embodiments, the composition is applied at a rate of about 420 g of the multisite fungicide per hectare.

[0099] In some embodiments, the composition is applied at 100-750 L / ha. In some embodiments, the composition is applied at 200-500 L / ha. In some embodiments, the composition is applied at about 350 L / ha.

[0100] In some embodiments, the crop is crop (A) as defined herein.

[0101] In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is fungal pathogen (I) as defined herein.

[0102] Multisite fungicide according to the invention is selected from the group consisting of thiocarbamate, maleimide, quinoxalines, quinones, triazines, bis-guanidines, sulfamides, chloronitriles, dithiocarbamates, inorganic fungicide, phthalimide fungicide and any combination thereof.

[0103] In some embodiments, the multi-site fungicide is selected from the group consisting of folpet, captan, captafol, mancozeb, propineb, metiram, ziram, thiram, dithianon, chlorothalonil, copper, sulfur, extract from the cotyledons of lupine plantlets, extract from Swinglea glutinosa, and extract from Melaleuca altemifolia (tea tree oil) and plant oils.

[0104] In some embodiments, the multi-site fungicide include but are not limited to folpet, captan, captafol, mancozeb, propineb, metiram, ziram, thiram, dithianon, chlorothalonil, copper, sulfur, extract from the cotyledons of lupine plantlets, extract from Swinglea glutinosa, extract from Melaleuca altemifolia (tea tree oil), plant oils.

[0105] In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide is a phthalimide fungicide. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is selected from the group consisting of captan, folpet, captafol, and any combination thereof.

[0106] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is captan.

[0107] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is folpet. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is captafol.

[0108] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is a combination of captan and folpet.

[0109] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is a combination of captan and captafol.

[0110] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is a combination of captafol and folpet.

[0111] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is a combination of captan, folpet and captafol.

[0112] In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide is thiocarbamate fungicide. In some embodiments, the thiocarbamate fungicide is mancozeb.

[0113] In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide is sulfur. In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide is copper. In some embodiments, the method increases the fungicidal efficacy per gram of multisite fungicide.

[0114] In some embodiments, the composition is applied using low volume sprayer. In some embodiments, the low volume spayer is a tower sprayer with antidrift nozzles.

[0115] The present invention also provides a method for increasing the fungicidal efficacy per gram of multisite fungicide in treating crop against fungal pathogen infection, wherein the method comprises applying a composition comprising multisite fungicide and water to the crop, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the composition is between 10 g a.i. / hL to 200 g a.i. / hL and the composition is applied at a rate between 100 g to 1000 g of the multisite fungicide per hectare .

[0116] In some embodiments, the invention is realized in a composition comprising about 420 gr multisite fungicide and about 350 kg water sufficient to effectively treat a hectare of crops, such as fruit trees against a fungicide infection or to thereby prevent it.

[0117] In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 420g of particulate phthalimide fungicide in less than about 500L aqueous suspension characterized in being sufficient to effectively treat a hectare of crops in low volume application such as by drone arial application.

[0118] In some embodiments, the invention is exemplified by composition that comprises about 420g of particulate phthalimide fungicide in about 350L of aqueous suspension characterized in being sufficient to effectively treat a hectare of pomme fruit trees in low volume application such as by drone arial application. In some embodiments, the crop is pomme fruit tree. In some cereal crops such as wheat, embodiments the invention are exemplified by compositions that comprises between about 155g to 195g, such as 175g of particulate phthalimide fungicide in about 35L to about 70L of aqueous suspension characterized in being sufficient to effectively treat a hectare of cereal crops such as wheat by low volume accurate application of between about 35L to about 70L by drone arial application.

[0119] In some embodiments, the invention is embodied in a composition comprising about 420 gr Multisite fungicide and about 350 L water in a low volume spray application system.

[0120] In some embodiments, the invention is embodied in a composition comprising about 300g - 500g solid particulate Multisite fungicide, such as captan or folpet and from about 250L - 1500 of aqueous carrier, such as water in a precision spray application system using optimized application practices. In some embodiments the application is to orchard crops where the spray application is directed to the tree canopy and perhaps even directed to only the central or lower parts of the tree canopy with strategies to minimize losses through drift and dripping of overwet surfaces.

[0121] In some embodiments, the invention is realized by application of a non-concentrated, low volume, ready-to-spray composition of about 420 gr particulate phthalimide fungicide suspended in about 350 kg of aqueous media accurately delivered per hectare of crops such as fruit trees, characterized by fungicidal efficacy.

[0122] In some embodiments, the invention is realized by formulating a low volume or ultra-low volume, aqueous ready-to-spray composition without increasing the concentration of the active ingredient beyond tank-mix concentrations and efficiently and accurately applying the composition to crops such as fruit trees, at a reduced rate as measured in grams of active ingredient applied per hectare of crops with fungicidal efficacy comparable with the previously taught application of larger volumes of previously encountered tank-mix spray mixtures. In some embodiments, the invention is a composition for combating or preventing diseases caused by fungal pathogen infection on pomme fruits such as apples, comprising multisite fungicide and water wherein the concentration is about 120 g AI / hL, adapted for efficient fungicidal application of no more than 500 liters of composition per hectare of trees.

[0123] In some embodiments, the invention is a composition comprising multisite fungicide and water wherein the concentration is about 120 g a.i. / hL. In some embodiments, the invention is a low liquid volume composition comprising particulate Phthalimide fungicide suspended in water or aqueous media at a concentration of between about 40g a.i. / hL and 190g a.i. / / hL such as about 120 g a.i. / hL. In some embodiments, low volume accurate application of no more than 500L of this composition to each Hectare of crops such as fruit trees is characterized by fungicidal efficacy. In other embodiments, low volume application of between about 30L and 75L of this composition to each Hectare of crops such as cereals is characterized by fungicidal efficacy.

[0124] In one embodiment of the invention, the fungicidal efficacy per gram of a multisite fungicide, such as a phthalimide fungicide, applied in an aqueous suspension is improved by reducing the concentration of the particulate fungicide in each liter of the suspension.

[0125] In one embodiment of the invention, low volume and ultra-low volume fungicidal compositions are formulated at the same or similar concentrations previously encountered in high volume Tank-mix spray liquids, allowing for low volume applications to crops without loss of efficacy and without requiring specialized spraying pumping or nozzle equipment as compared with the requirements associated with previously taught low volume fungicidal aqueous compositions which were previously formulated by increasing the concentrations of the active ingredient in such low volume settings based on the amount of fungicide that had been effectively applied in high volume tankmixes as previously taught.

[0126] Because previously taught low-volume and ultra-low volume (LV), fungicidal aqueous compositions were taught to require high active ingredient contents, the “room” left available for including beneficial co-formulants was restricted and thus new recipes for these previously taught low volume compositions had to be developed with lower excipient content and required specialized equipment able to deliver or apply these previously taught highly concentrated liquids. This invention obviates these needs without loss of efficacy.

[0127] In some embodiments, when the crop is fruit, the water volume is reduced to provide a final concentration of between about 100 - about 150 g a.i. / hL; or from 10g a.i. / hL to 200g a.i. / hL such as between 100 g a.i. / hL -andl50g a.i. / hL, about 40g a.i. / hL and 190 g a.i. / hL such as about 120 g a.i. / hL..

[0128] In some embodiments, the fruit is apple.

[0129] In some embodiments, the fruit is grape.

[0130] In some embodiments, the fruit is olive.

[0131] In some embodiments, the fruit is banana.

[0132] In some embodiments, the fruit is almonds. In some embodiments the crop is hops.

[0133] In some embodiments the crops are orchard or vine crops.

[0134] As mentioned, the invention relates to improvements in addrssing, controlling, preventing, treating, curing etc. crop fungal pathogen infestation, and diseases caused thereby, in crops and the locus thereof, with multisite fungicides. While the range of fungicide compounds is wide, the focus of much experimental work leading to the insights upon which the invention is based was aqueous spray mix compositions comprising dispersions of solid particulate phthalimide fungicidal compounds Captan and / or Folpet in aqueous carriers. Unless otherwise stipulated, the term multisite fungicide in the articulation of invention embodiments, must at least encompass either Folpet or Captan, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise or unless the recipe details or ingredients are irrelevant for phthalimide fungicidal compounds.

[0135] The present invention provides use of a composition comprising at least one multisite fungicide and water, for combating diseases caused by fungal pathogen (I) on crop (A) wherein the amount of the fungicide used per hectare is between 350±10% - 600±10% grams multisite fungicide and (2) the concentration of the composition is between 10±10% - 200g ±10% a.i. / hL,

[0136] The present invention provides use of a composition comprising at least one multisite fungicide and water, for combating diseases caused by fungal pathogen (I) on crop (A) wherein the amount of the fungicide used per hectare is no more than 650 grams multisite fungicide and (2) the concentration of the composition is between 10± 10% - 200g ±10% a.i. / hL,

[0137] In some embodiments the concentration is from about 28g a.i. / hL to about 170g a.i. / hL.

[0138] The present invention provides use of a multisite fungicide and aqueous carrier such as water, water, for combating diseases caused by fungal pathogen (I) on crop (A) wherein the amount of the fungicide used per hectare is no more than about 650g a.i. / Ha.

[0139] In some embodiments the present invention provides use of a multisite fungicide suchas phthalimide fungicidal compound and aqueous carrier such as water, for combating diseases caused by fungal pathogen (I) on crop (A) wherein the amount of the fungicide applied per hectare of crops is is between 350± 10% - 600±10% grams multisite fungicide (350g±10% a.i. / Ha - 600 g±10% a.i. / Ha).

[0140] In some embodiments, the amount of the fungicide applied per hectare of crops is 420±10% grams multisite fungicide . In some embodiments, the amount of the multisite fungicide applied per hectare of crops is 420±10% grams multisite fungicide wherein the the multisite fungicide is dispersed in 25 OL to 1500L of an aqueous carrier, such as water.

[0141] In some embodiments, the amount of the multisite fungicide applied per hectare of crops is 420± 10% grams multisite fungicide wherein the the multisite fungicide is dispersed in 25 OL to 500L of an aqueous carrier, such as water.

[0142] In some embodiments, the amount of the multisite fungicide applied per hectare of crops is 420±10% grams multisite fungicide wherein the the multisite fungicide is dispersed in 300L to 1500L of an aqueous carrier, such as water.

[0143] In some embodiments the invention provides a use of a multisite fungicidal compound such as a phthalimide to efficiently address crop pathogen at a rate not exceeding 600g a.i. / Ha wherein the phthalimide compound is selected from captan, folpet and combinations thereof.

[0144] The present invention provides use of a composition comprising at least one multisite fungicide and water, for combating diseases caused by fungal pathogen (I) on crop (A) wherein the amount of the fungicide used per hectare is between 375±10% -800±10% grams multisite fungicide and (2) the concentration of the composition is between 40g a.i. / hL and 180g a.i. / hL.

[0145] The present invention provides use of a composition comprising at least one multisite fungicide and water, for combating diseases caused by fungal pathogen (I) on crop (A) wherein the amount of the fungicide used per hectare is between 400±10% - 600±10% grams multisite fungicide and the concentration of the composition is between 28g a.i. / hL±10% and 170g a.i. / hL±10%.

[0146] The present invention provides use of a composition comprising at least one multisite fungicide and water, for combating diseases caused by fungal pathogen (I) on crop (A) wherein the amount of the fungicide used per hectare is between about 350g a.i. / Ha to about -700 g a.i. / Ha multisite fungicide active ingredient and (2) the concentration of the composition is between 120 -200 g a.i. / hL. The present invention provides use of a spray mix composition comprising at least one multisite fungicide and aqueous carrier, such as water, for addressing, controlling, treating, preventing, etc., infection, infestation, or diseases caused by agricultural crop fungal pathogen on crop wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the spray mix composition is between 10g a.i. / hL ±10% to 200g a.i. / hL ±10%, and the spray mix composition is applied at a rate to deliver between 250g ±10% to 600g ±10% of the solid particulate phthalimide fungicide per hectare of crop or locus thereof, and wherein the phthalimide fungicide compound is selected from captan; folpet; and combinations thereof, optionally combined with additional fungicides.

[0147] In some embodiments the spray mix compositions of the invention effectively addresses crop fungal pathogens when applied at rate of between 300g to 600g of solid particulate phthalimide compound selected from captan and folpet per hectare of crops. In some embodiments the crops are any of hops, olives, almonds, bananas, grapes, and apples.

[0148] In some embodiments, the concentration of the solid particulate multisite fungicide in the inventive spray mix composition is selected from, 10g a.i. / hL ±10% to 200g a.i. / hL ±10%; a. 20g a.i. / hL ±10% to 190g a.i. / hL ±10%; b. 28g a.i. / hL ±10% to 170g a.i. / hL ±10%; c. 30g a.i. / hL ±10% to 180g a.i. / hL ±10%; d. 35g a.i. / hL ±10% to 140g a.i. / hL ±10%; e. 37.5g a.i. / hL ±10% to 130g a.i. / hL ±10%; f. 35g a.i. / hL ±10% to 135g a.i. / hL ±10%; g. 40g a.i. / hL ±10% to 125g a.i. / hL ±10%; h. 42g a.i. / hL ±10% to 120g a.i. / hL ±10%; and i. 50g a.i. / hL ±10% to 142g a.i. / hL ±10%;

[0149] The present invention provides a fungicidal spray mix composition comprising at least one concentrated multisite fungicide composition exemplified by (though not limited to), Phthalimide fungicide liquid or solid compositions of particulate captan and / or folpet such as wettable powders, suspension concentrate, water dispersible granulate, composition diluted in an aqueous carrier, such as water, for addressing, controlling, treating, combatting or preventing, infection, infestation, or diseases caused by fungal pathogens in crops wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the spray mix composition is selected from, a) 10g a.i. / hL ±10% to 200g a.i. / hL ±10%; b) 20g a.i. / hL ±10% to 190g a.i. / hL ±10%; c) 28g a.i. / hL ±10% to 170g a.i. / hL ±10%; d) 35g a.i. / hL ±10% to 140g a.i. / hL ±10%; e) 37.5g a.i. / hL ±10% to 130g a.i. / hL ±10%; f) 35g a.i. / hL ±10% to 135g a.i. / hL ±10%; g) 40g a.i. / hL ±10% to 125g a.i. / hL ±10%; h) 42g a.i. / hL ±10% to 120g a.i. / hL ±10%; and i) 50g a.i. / hL ±10% to 142g a.i. / hL ±10%; and the spray mix composition is applied at a rate to deliver between 200g ±10% to 600g ±10% of multisite fungicide such as solid particulate phthalimide fungicide, per hectare of crop or locus thereof, and wherein the phthalimide fungicide compound is selected from captan; folpet; and combinations thereof, optionally combined with additional fungicides. In some embodiments the spray mix compositions of the invention are applied to crops or locus thereof at a rate to deliver between 300g ±10% to 500g ±10% per hectare.

[0150] In some embodiments, the concentrated multisite fungicide composition comprises between about 10% to about 80% of solid particulate multisite fungicide such as solid particulate, Captan or Folpet, by weight of the concentrated composition. In some embodiments the fungicidal spray mix composition is a dispersion of finely divided multisite fungicide particles in an aqueous carrier, such as water.

[0151] In some embodiments the fungicidal spray mix composition is a dispersion of phthalimide fungicide particles such as Captan or Folpet particles in an aqueous carrier, such as water, wherein the particle size distribution of the phthalimide is characterized by a D90 value selected from, i. between about 1 micron and about 40 microns (lpm±10% - 40pm±10%); ii. between about 3 microns and about 30 microns (3pm±10% - 30pm±10%); iii. between about 5 microns and about 25 microns (5pm±10% - 25pm±10%); iv. between about 8 microns and about 20 microns (8pm±10% - 20pm±10%); v. between about 10 microns and about 16 microns (10pm±10% - 16pm±10%);

[0152] The present invention provides a fungicidal spray mix composition comprising at least one liquid or solid concentrated Captan dispersed particulate composition diluted in an aqueous carrier, for use in addressing, controlling, treating, or preventing, infection, infestation, or diseases caused by fungal pathogen (I) on crop (A) wherein the concentration of the Captan in the spray mix composition is selected from, a) 10g a.i. / hL ±10% to 200g a.i. / hL ±10%; b) 20g a.i. / hL ±10% to 190g a.i. / hL ±10%; c) 30g a.i. / hL ±10% to 180g a.i. / hL ±10%; d) 35g a.i. / hL ±10% to 140g a.i. / hL ±10%; e) 37.5g a.i. / hL ±10% to 130g a.i. / hL ±10%; f) 35g a.i. / hL ±10% to 135g a.i. / hL ±10%; g) 40g a.i. / hL ±10% to 125g a.i. / hL ±10%; h) 42g a.i. / hL ±10% to 120g a.i. / hL ±10%; and i) 50g a.i. / hL ±10% to 142g a.i. / hL ±10%; and the spray mix composition is applied at a rate to deliver between 200g ±10% to 600g ±10% of solid particulate Captan fungicide per hectare (g a.i. / Ha), of crop such as apple trees, or locus thereof, and wherein the fungicidal spray mix composition comprises dispersed solid particulate captan optionally combined with additional fungicides, adjuvants, additives, nutrients, dispersants, surfactants, thickening agents, compatibilizers, anti-freeze agent, antimicrobial agents etc. In some embodiments, the concentrated Captan composition comprises between about 10% to about 80% of solid particulate Captan fungicide by weight of the concentrated composition. In some embodiments the fungicidal spray mix composition is a dispersion of finely divided Captan particles in an aqueous carrier, such as water, wherein, the primary particle size distribution of the Captan is characterized by a D90 value selected from, between about 1 micron and about 40 microns (lpm±10% - 40pm±10%); i. between about 3 microns and about 30 microns (3pm±10% - 30pm±10%); ii. between about 5 microns and about 25 microns (5pm±10% - 25pm±10%); iii. between about 8 microns and about 20 microns (8pm±10% - 20pm±10%); iv. between about 10 microns and about 16 microns (10pm±10% - 16pm±10%), and a mean primary particle size (D50) of between about 0.7 microns and about 8 microns (0.7pm±10% - 8pm±10%).

[0153] The present invention in some embodiments provides a fungicidal spray mix composition comprising at least one liquid or solid concentrated particulate Folpet concentrate composition, diluted in an aqueous carrier, such as water, for use in addressing, controlling, treating, or preventing, infection, infestation, or diseases caused by fungal pathogen (I) on crop (A) wherein the concentration of the Folpet in the spray mix composition is selected from, a) 10g a.i. / hL ±10% to 200g a.i. / hL ±10%; b) 20g a.i. / hL ±10% to 190g a.i. / hL ±10%; c) 30g a.i. / hL ±10% to 180g a.i. / hL ±10%; d) 35g a.i. / hL ±10% to 140g a.i. / hL ±10%; e) 37.5g a.i. / hL ±10% to 130g a.i. / hL ±10%; f) 35g a.i. / hL ±10% to 135g a.i. / hL ±10%; g) 40g a.i. / hL ±10% to 125g a.i. / hL ±10%; h) 42g a.i. / hL ±10% to 120g a.i. / hL ±10%; and i) 50g a.i. / hL ±10% to 142g a.i. / hL ±10%. and the spray mix composition is applied at a rate to deliver between 200g ±10% to 600g ±10% of solid particulate Folpet fungicide per hectare (g a.i. / Ha) of crop such as apple trees, or locus thereof, and wherein the fungicidal spray mix composition comprises dispersed solid particulate Folpet optionally combined with additional fungicides, adjuvants, additives, nutrients, dispersants, surfactants, thickening agents, compatibilizers, anti-freeze agent, antimicrobial agents etc. In some embodiments, the concentrated Folpet composition comprises between about 10% to about 80% of solid particulate Captan fungicide by weight of the concentrated composition. In some embodiments the fungicidal spray mix composition is a dispersion of finely divided Captan particles in an aqueous carrier, such as water, wherein, the primary particle size distribution of the Captan is characterized by a D90 value selected from, between about 1 micron and about 40 microns (lpm±10% - 40pm±10%); v. between about 3 microns and about 30 microns (3pm±10% - 30pm±10%); vi. between about 5 microns and about 25 microns (5pm±10% - 25pm±10%); vii. between about 8 microns and about 20 microns (8pm±10% - 20pm±10%); viii. between about 10 microns and about 16 microns (10pm±10% - 16pm±10%), and a mean primary particle size (D50) of between about 0.7 microns and about 8 microns (0.7pm±10% - 8pm±10%)

[0154] The present invention provides a method of treating a crop against fungal pathogen infection comprising applying a composition comprising multisite fungicide and water, wherein the (1) the amount is between 400 to 1000 gr per hectare, (2) the concentration is between 100-150g a.i. / hL and (3) the crop is crop (A) as defined herein and the fungal pathogen is fungal pathogen (I) as defined herein. In some embodiments, the concentration is 10g a.i. / hL and 200g a.i. / hL such as between 100 g a.i. / hL and 150 g AI / hL, about 40g a.i. / hL and 190 g AI / hL, such as about 120 g a.i. / hL and about 120 g a.i. / hL.

[0155] The present invention provides a method to maintain or increase the level of control of fungal pathogen on a plant by an application of a reduced amount of a multisite fungicide per hectare comprising reducing the water volume used for dilution, while maintaining the original concentration.

[0156] The present invention provides a method to maintain or increase the level of control of fungal pathogen on a plant by an application composition (spray mix) comprising multisite fungicide and aqueous carrier such as water wherein (1) the application is of a reduced amount of a multisite fungicide per hectare and the concentration of the composition is 20-200g a.i. / hL

[0157] A method for controlling fungal pathogen on a plant with a reduced rate of the multi-site fungicide comprising diluting the multisite to a concentration of between 20 - 200g a.i. / Ha and 200g a.i. / Ha, or 28 and 170g a.i. / hL such as, between about 42g a.i. / hL and about 60g a.i. / hL, or 100g a.i. / hL - 150g a.i. / hL.

[0158] A method for reducing the multi-site fungicide application rate comprising dilution of a storageable composition with water, wherein both the fungicidal active ingredient content and the water volume to obtain composition is reduced such that the concentration of the low volume spray mix composition is between 28 g a.i. / hL and 170g a.i. / hL such as, between 42g a.i. / hL and 60g a.i. / hL, or 100-150g a.i. / hL.

[0159] A method for reducing the phthalimide fungicide application rate comprising dilution the storageable composition to obtain composition wherein the concentration of the lower volume spray composition is between 28 g a.i. / hL and 170g a.i. / hL such as, between 42g a.i. / hL and 60g a.i. / hL, or 100-150g a.i. / hL.

[0160] The present invention provides a method to keep or increase the level of control of fungal pathogen on a plant by an application of an optimized concentration of a phthalimide fungicide, at a reduced water volume per hectare and a reduced fungicide dose per hectare. Thus, to reduce at the same time the bird and mammals, and environmental exposure risk .

[0161] The present invention provides a method to keep or increase the level of control of fungal pathogen on a plant by an application of a reduced, improved concentration of a phthalimide fungicide, at a legacy water volume per hectare thus providing a reduced fungicide dose per hectare while optimizing the potency. Thus, maximizing the efficacy of the phthalimide for each gram applied per hectare of crops.

[0162] The present invention provides methods to keep or increase the level of control of fungal pathogen on a plant by an application of a legacy optimized concentration of a phthalimide fungicide high volume, by application of a reduced spray mix volume per hectare at this same low concentration and thus a reduced fungicide dose per hectare. Thus, to reduce at the same time the environmental-phate (e-phate) risk.

[0163] Reducing the concentration of the spray mix beyond that which was previously employed even at high volumes will have the benefit that can be seen through concentration reduction, although as detailed elsewhere benefits are also obtainable by reducing the volume of the spray mix applied and employing optimized spraying programs with precision application equipment will bring further benefits as demonstrated.

[0164] The present invention provides a method to keep or increase the control of fungal pathogen on a plant by an application of a fixed concentration of a phthalimide fungicide, a reduced water volume per hectare and a reduced fungicide dose per hectare. Thus, to reduce at the same time the soil deposition

[0165] The present invention provides a method to keep or increase the control of fungal pathogen on a plant by an application of a fixed concentration of a phthalimide fungicide, a reduced water volume per hectare and a reduced fungicide dose per hectare. Thus, to reduce at the same time the drift

[0166] Many of the following embodiments envision implementing all the herein disclosed teachings as regards spray mix concentration and carrier volumes, and including them within a holistic program of fungicide reduction through optimized application programs, precision equipment usage and known reported methods of fungicidal enhancement, wherein the teachings disclosed here provide an added benefit to each of the enhancement and reduction strategies.

[0167] In some embodiments, fungicidal efficacy is increased by at least 10%, 20%, or 30% compared to when the same fungicide is applied according to existing uses / practices / labels recommendations. In some embodiments, fungicidal efficacy is increased by at least 50%, 100%, 200% or 300% when measured in g a.i. / Ha applied, compared to when the same fungicide is applied according to existing uses / practices / labels recommendations.

[0168] In some embodiments, fungicidal efficacy is increased by at least 10%, 20%, or 30% compared to when the same fungicide is applied at the same concentration but at higher water volumes and dosages per hectare, according to existing uses / practices / labels recommendations. In some embodiments, fungicidal efficacy is increased by at least 50%, 100%, 200% or 300% compared to when the same fungicide is applied at the same concentration but at higher water volumes and dosages per hectare, according to existing uses / practices / labels recommendations.

[0169] In some embodiments, fungicidal efficacy is increased by at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% compared to when the same fungicide is applied at the same concentration but at higher water volumes and dosages per hectare, according to existing uses / practices / labels recommendations, and soil deposition is reduced by at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 99%.

[0170] In some embodiments, fungicidal efficacy is increased by at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% compared to when the same fungicide is applied at the same concentration but at higher water volumes and dosages per hectare, according to existing uses / practices / labels recommendations, and drift is reduced by at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 99%.

[0171] In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide is applied in solid particulate suspended form to the crop. In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide is applied in solid particulate form suspended in an aqueous carrier to the crop.

[0172] In some embodiments, the method is referred to as crop-safe, although in some embodiment it is appropriate to refer to the composition used in the method as “crop-safe”, without departing from the intentions of the inventors.

[0173] In some embodiments, the method is effective for treating the crop against the fungal pathogen infection without any significant and / or measurable concomitant phytotoxic harm to the crop.

[0174] The solid particulate multisite fungicide is preferably applied as a suspension of solid particles of multisite fungicide in an aqueous carrier. In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide applied in solid particulate form to the crop. In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide is applied in solid particulate form suspended in an aqueous carrier to the crop.

[0175] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide, if applied as foliar application, is to be applied at a rate between 100 to 1500 g a.i. / ha. In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide is applied at a rate of about 1500 g a.i. / ha. In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide is applied at a rate of about

[0176] 1200 g a.i. / ha. In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide is applied at a rate of about 1000 g a.i. / ha. In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide is applied at a rate of about 900 g a.i. / ha. In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide is applied at a rate of about 750 g a.i. / ha. In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide is applied at a rate of about 600 g a.i. / ha. In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide is applied at a rate of about 500 g a.i. / ha. In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide is applied at a rate of about 400 g a.i. / ha. In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide is applied at a rate of about 300 g a.i. / ha. In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide is applied at a rate of about 400 g a.i. / ha or less and the concentration is 20 g a.i. / hL - 200g a.i. / hL. In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide is applied at a rate of between about 300 g a.i. / ha and 500g a.i. / hL and the concentration is between 28g ±10%a.i. / hL and 170g ±10%a.i. / hL.

[0177] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide, if applied as foliar application (sometimes by drone application), is to be applied at a rate between 20 to 300g a.i. / Ha although a typical rate may be between 300g a.i. / Ha and 500g a.i. / Ha beneficially coupled with accurate spraying equipment and / or optimized spraying programs and practices. In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide is applied at a rate of about 150 g a.i. / ha or less. In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide is applied at a rate of about 120 g a.i. / ha. In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide is applied at a rate of about 100 g a.i. / ha. In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide is applied at a rate of about 90 g a.i. / ha. In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide is applied at a rate of about 75 g a.i. / ha. In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide is applied at a rate of about 60 g a.i. / ha. In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide is applied at a rate of about 50 g a.i. / ha. In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide is applied at a rate of about 30 g a.i. / ha. In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide is applied at a rate of about 25 g a.i. / ha. In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide is applied at a rate of about 20 g a.i. / ha. In some embodiments, the multisite fungicide is applied at a rate of about 10 g a.i. / ha.

[0178] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide, if applied as seed treatment, is to be applied at a rate between 2g per 100kg to 400 g per 100 kg of seed. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide, if applied as seed treatment, is to be applied at a rate between 2.5g per 100kg to 50 g per 100 kg of seed. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide, if applied as seed treatment, is to be applied at a rate between 2.5g per 100kg to 25 g per 100 kg of seed.

[0179] The present invention also provides a method for reducing application rate of multisite fungicide for combating diseases caused by fungal pathogen (I) on crop (A), comprising reducing the water volume used for dilution before use and concomitantly reducing the active ingredient content, while improving the spraying efficiency. The present invention provides a method for reducing spray mix volume of aqueous suspension compositions containing particulate multi-site fungicide, the method comprising reducing the amount of the multi-site fungicide in the composition as well as the volume of the suspending aqueous medium to maintain the overall concentration, without loss of efficacy.

[0180] Low volume composition

[0181] The present invention provides a low-volume aqueous composition comprising a multisite fungicide and water, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the low-volume aqueous composition is between 10 g a.i. / hL to 200 g a.i. / hL.

[0182] In some embodiments, the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the inventive aqueous spray mix composition is 20-200 g a.i. / hL. In some embodiments, the concentration of the multisite fungicide is 28-170 g a.i. / hL. In some embodiments, the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the aqueous composition is 100g a.i. / hL. In some embodiments, the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the low-volume aqueous composition is 120 g a.i. / hL.

[0183] In some embodiments, the low-volume aqueous composition is prepared for application at 100-750 L / ha. In some embodiments, the low-volume aqueous composition is prepared for application at 200- 500 L / ha. In some embodiments, the low-volume aqueous composition is prepared for application at about 350 L / ha.

[0184] The invention provides low volume pesticidal compositions which are adapted by concentration manipulation to provide fungicidal effective treatment at lower rates of application than previously believed to be viable. The invention provides low volume aqueous pesticidal compositions characterized by a reduced volume of water as compared with the recommended dilutions for that pesticide without the previously assumed need to increase the concentration of the pesticidal compound. In some aspects of the invention, the composition is an aqueous suspension of particulate multisite fungicide in an aqueous medium comprising water.

[0185] Applying the aqueous liquid suspension form of the present invention to crop reduces the concentration of the particulate multisite active ingredient in the aqueous liquid suspension medium. In some of these embodiments the particulate multisite active ingredient is a phthalimide fungicide such as captan or folpet in aqueous liquid suspension or dispersion. The invention thus further provides fungicidally effective low volume (LV), aqueous pesticide ready-to-spray compositions that are characterized by not being at significantly higher concentrations than those encountered in ready- to-spray higher volume compositions as exemplified by previously known tank mix dilutions of pesticidal concentrates and thus do not require special spraying equipment and pumps specifically adapted to highly concentrated liquids in order for application.

[0186] In some aspects of the invention the provided fungicidally effective low volume compositions are ultra-low volume (ULV), aqueous pesticide ready-to-spray compositions suitable for arial vehicular application, wherein the rate of application measured in g a.i. / Ha of the pesticide required to provide effective fungicidal treatment can be significantly reduced as compared to rates of applications known from use of high volume ready-to-spray compositions.

[0187] In some embodiments, the low volume spray mix may be converted from a high volume spray mix. When converting a high volume spray mix to a low volume spray mix, the water volume is reduced proportionally to the reduction in the rate of active ingredient applied per unit area.

[0188] In some aspects the invention provides ready-to-spray compositions for drone application to trees that can allow for reduced pesticide usage without compromising fungicidal efficacy.

[0189] In some aspects the invention provides reduced concentrations of pesticides in aqueous media to provide optimization of fungicidal efficacy per gram of active ingredient applied.

[0190] The present invention provides a low volume spray composition comprising a multisite fungicide and a reduced volume of water (aqueous medium) compared with high volume Tank-mix spray compositions, wherein the fungicide content or amount is correspondingly reduced to maintain or provide comparable concentrations as previously used in the highvolume Tank-mix spray composition.

[0191] Please note that when inventors refer to the previously known high volume spray compositions as “Tank-mix” they do not mean to imply that in contrast the new and inventive low-volume spray mixes can never be prepared by diluting a concentrate with water in a Tank but rather, inventors are referring to previously encountered high volume spray-mix prepared by the recommended or previously encountered levels of dilution in the previously known or recommended amount of aqueous media best exemplified by water. Such that the same suspension concentrate or water dispersible granulate composition can now be used to either prepare the well-known, high-volume tank-mix or the inventive low-volume spray mix, however care must be taken to maintain the approximate level of dilution.

[0192] As an example, a previously known Folpet 800 g / kg WG formulation might include instructions to dilute with water in a tank to achieve a Tank -mix with water containing 190g a.i. / hL (190g / 100L), and instructions to apply 1500g a.i. / Ha for treatment of fruit trees by previous regular Tank-mix spraying techniques in other words spraying approximately 800L of the diluted regular spray mix per Hectare. Note IhL = 100L. In the past, it was thought that this amount of fungicide to be applied in grams per Hectare must be maintained when reducing the spray volume so, it was thought that in preparing a lower volume spray mix the concentration of the active ingredient would need to be increased to maintain the g a.i. / Ha applied by spaying the LV composition. However, inventors find that e.g., in the above example when lowering the volume of spray mix per Hectare to a quarter of the original volume ( about 200L) the amount of the Folpet 800 g / kg WG used in the dilution should be lowered to maintain a similar concentration of the fungicide in the LV spray mix as the original High-Volume tank-mix, and that surprisingly comparative levels of efficacy are achieved.

[0193] From the studies, analysis and conclusions reached by the inventors it has now been discovered that the concentration of the active ingredient in the spray mix has a large influence on the efficacy of the fungicidal compound and that above a particular point, increasing the concentration of suspended particular fungicide has a detrimental effect on the efficacy per gram applied of the formulated fungicide compound exemplified by particulate phthalimide fungicide suspended in aqueous media (water).

[0194] In one case it was found that by reducing the concentration of a folpet aqueous suspension spray mix from approximately 190g folpet per 100L (recommended level) to approximately 95 g folpet per 100L (half the recommended concentration), equivalent levels of efficacy were achieved when applying the same volume of spray. Inventors find that that particular example suggests that the recommended Tank-mix dilution ( 190g / 100L) was too concentrated and that the additional grams of folpet per 100L water in excess of 95g / 100L was “wasted” or superfluous in that no additional efficacy was obtained.

[0195] The invention in some aspects relates to methods of maximizing the efficacy per gram of a particulate multisite fungicide applied per hector in aqueous suspension by judiciously reducing the concentration of the concentration of that fungicide in the spray mix from which it is applied. Thus, through the studies in formulating low-volume spray mix suspensions, inventors have simultaneously discovered methods of increasing the efficacy of regularly encountered high-volume spray mixes by judiciously lowering the content of the suspended active ingredient per volume of aqueous medium. It is only now once this counterintuitive principal of increased efficacy through dilution has been disclosed that the efficacy of applied particulate multi-site fungicides can be optimized without the use of “special” ingredients. Until now it was assumed that without special additives the way to increase efficacy was to increase the amount of fungicide applied. Inventors have shown this to be not always the case, as they have found that the concentration of the spray mix is extremely important.

[0196] Thus, inventors find that sometimes by simply applying a more dilute spray mix, and / or applying a greater volume of a more dilute spray mix with the same amount of active ingredient per hectare, can improve the fungicidal efficacy in grams applied per Hectare of the fungicide, and in contrast increasing the concentration of the fungicidal active ingredient in the spray mix, not only does not provide additional efficacy it can even reduce the efficacy as compared to the original spray mix.

[0197] Composition

[0198] The present invention provides composition comprising at least one multisite fungicide and water, for combating diseases caused by fungal pathogen (I) on crop (A) wherein (1) the concentration is typically though not exclusively between 28 -170g a.i. / hL, in some embodiments also reducing the overall volume applied.

[0199] In some embodiments, the composition is a ready to use composition.

[0200] In many embodiments the composition is a spray mix composition prepared by diluting a previously prepared concentrated liquid or solid composition in a tank with an aqueous carrier directly prior to application to crops and / or locus thereof.

[0201] In some embodiments, the composition is prepared by dilution of a storable composition and water.

[0202] In some embodiments the composition is applied more than one application for increasing the rate without changing the concentration.

[0203] The present invention provides a method of treating a crop against fungal pathogen infection comprising application of low volume composition comprising multisite fungicide and water, wherein the (1) the application rate is between 100 to 1000 gr per hectare, (2) the concentration is between 100-150 g a.i. / hL and (3) the crop is crop (A) as defined herein and the fungal pathogen is fungal pathogen (I) as defined herein.

[0204] In some embodiments, the invention is composition comprising about 450 gr Multisite fungicide and about 350 gr water applied per hectare.

[0205] In many of the embodiments of the invention the multisite fungicide is Captan. In many of the embodiments of the invention the multisite fungicide is Folpet.

[0206] In some embodiments, the invention is composition comprising Multisite fungicide and water wherein the concentration is about 120 g a.i. / hL.

[0207] Multi-site contact fungicide according to the invention is selected from the group consisting of thiocarbamate, maleimide, quinoxalines, quinones, triazines, bis-guanidines, sulfamides, chloronitriles, dithio-carbamates, inorganic fungicide, phthalimide fungicide and any combination thereof.

[0208] In some embodiments, the multi-site fungicide is selected from the group consisting of folpet, captan, captafol, Mancozeb, propineb, metiram, ziram, thiram, dithianon, chlorothalonil, copper, sulfur, extract from the cotyledons of lupine plantlets, extract from Swinglea glutinosa, extract from Melaleuca altemifolia (tea tree oil), plant oils.

[0209] In some embodiments, the multi-site fungicide include but are not limited to folpet, captan, captafol, Mancozeb, propineb, metiram, ziram, thiram, dithianon, chlorothalonil, copper, sulfur, extract from the cotyledons of lupine plantlets, extract from Swinglea glutinosa, extract from Melaleuca altemifolia (tea tree oil), plant oils.

[0210] Storable Compositions

[0211] Concentrated composition may refer to liquid compositions such as suspension concentrate, solid composition such as granule, water dispersible granules, generally these are solid or liquid dispersions of solid particulate fungicidal compounds.

[0212] The present invention provides a composition comprising multisite fungicide for controlling fungal pathogen in cereal crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Zymoseptoria tritici, Cercospora beticola. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Rynchosporium secalisRamularia beticola. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Ramulana collo cygni. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Puccinia recondita. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Puccinia striiformis. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is causes Fusarium ear blight disease.

[0213] In some embodiments, the composition comprising multisite fungicide for controlling fungal pathogen in sugar beet crop. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Cercospora beticola. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Ramularia beticola. In some embodiments, the composition comprising multisite fungicide for controlling fungal pathogen in apple crop. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum sp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Venturia inaequalis. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Neonectria galligena. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Neonectria ditissima. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Altemaria sp.. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Altemaria altemata.

[0214] In some embodiments, the composition comprising multisite fungicide for controlling fungal pathogen in pear crop. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum sp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Venturia pirina. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Stemphillium vesicarium. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Neonectria galligena. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Neonectria ditissima. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Altemaria sp.. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Altemaria altemata.

[0215] In some embodiments, the composition comprising multisite fungicide for controlling fungal pathogen in olive crop. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum sp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Venturia oleagina. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Phlyctema vagabunda.

[0216] In some embodiments, the composition comprising multisite fungicide for controlling fungal pathogen in banana crop. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Pseudocercospora musae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Mycosphaerella fijiensis. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Fusarium sp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum sp.

[0217] In some embodiments, the composition comprising multisite fungicide for controlling fungal pathogen in grape. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Plasmopara viticola. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Guignardia bidwellii. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Elsinoe ampelina. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Erysiphe necator. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Botryotinia fuckeliana. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Botrytis cinerea.

[0218] In some embodiments, the composition comprising multisite fungicide for controlling fungal pathogen in com crop. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Cercospora zeae-maydis. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Setosphaeria turcica. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Cochliobolus heterostrophus. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Cochliobolus carbonum. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Ustilago maydis. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Gibberella zeae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Fusarium sp.

[0219] In some embodiments, the composition comprising multisite fungicide for controlling fungal pathogen in sugarcane crop. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Ustilago scitaminea. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Helminthosporium sacchari. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Fusarium sp.

[0220] In some embodiments, the composition comprising multisite fungicide for controlling fungal pathogen in sorghum crop. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Puccinia sorghi. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Fusarium sp.

[0221] In some embodiments, the composition comprising multisite fungicide for controlling fungal pathogen in rice crop. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Rhizoctonia solani. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Pyricularia oryzae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Cochliobolus miyabeanus. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Fusarium sp.

[0222] In some embodiments, the composition comprising multisite fungicide for controlling fungal pathogen in coffee crop. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Hemileia vastatrix. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Gibberella xylarioides. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Fusarium sp..

[0223] In some embodiments, the composition comprising multisite fungicide for controlling fungal pathogen in cotton crop. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Phakopsora gossypii. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Puccinia schedonnardi. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Puccinia cacabata. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Ascochyta gossypiicola. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Glomerella gossypii. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Fusarium sp.

[0224] In some embodiments, the composition comprising multisite fungicide for controlling fungal pathogen in potato. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Phytophthora infestans. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Altemaria solani. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Altemaria sp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Rhizoctonia solani.

[0225] In some embodiments, the composition comprising multisite fungicide for controlling fungal pathogen in pulses crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Ascochyta rabiei. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Ascochyta pisi. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Ascochyta fabae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Cercospora zonata. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Uromyces vicia-fabae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Peronospora viciae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Botrytis cinerea. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Sclerotinia sp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Fusarium sp.

[0226] In some embodiments, the composition comprising multisite fungicide for controlling fungal pathogen in fresh legumes crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Ascochyta rabiei. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Ascochyta pisi. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Ascochyta fabae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Cercospora zonata. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Uromyces vicia-fabae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Peronospora viciae. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Botrytis cinerea. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Sclerotinia sp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Fusarium sp.

[0227] In some embodiments, the composition comprising multisite fungicide for controlling fungal pathogen in oilseed rape (OSR) crop. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Botrytis cinerea. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Sclerotinia sp., In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Sclerotinia sclerotium.

[0228] In some embodiments, the composition comprising multisite fungicide for controlling fungal pathogen in cocoa crop. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Phytophthora sp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum sp.

[0229] In some embodiments, the composition comprising multisite fungicide for controlling fungal pathogen in citrus crop. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum sp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.

[0230] In some embodiments, the composition comprising multisite fungicide for controlling fungal pathogen in Prunus genus crop. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum sp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Monilinia fructicola. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Monilinia fructigena. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Monilinia laxa. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Taphrina deformans. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Sphaerotheca pannosa. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Oidium sp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Wilsonomyces carpophilus. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Venturia carpophila. In some embodiments, the composition comprising phthalimide fungicide multisite fungicidefor multisite fungicide for controlling fungal pathogen in papaya crop. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum sp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.

[0231] In some embodiments, the composition comprising multisite fungicide for controlling fungal pathogen in mango crop. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum sp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.

[0232] In some embodiments, the composition multisite fungicide for controlling fungal pathogen in avocado crop. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum sp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.

[0233] In some embodiments, the composition comprising multisite fungicide for controlling fungal pathogen in litchi crop. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum sp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.

[0234] In some embodiments, the composition comprising multisite fungicide for controlling fungal pathogen in chili crop. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum sp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum truncatum. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum acutatum. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Rhizoctonia solani.

[0235] In some embodiments, the composition comprising multisite fungicide for controlling fungal pathogen in onion crop. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum sp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Fusarium sp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen37 is Botrytis cinerea. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Peronospora destructor.

[0236] In some embodiments, the composition comprising multisite fungicide for controlling fungal pathogen in soybean crop. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Phakopsora pachyrhizi. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Fusarium virguliforme. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Cercospora sojina. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Phialophora gregata. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Septoria glycines. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Cercospora kikuchii. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum truncatum. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Corynespora cassiicola. In some embodiments, the storable composition comprises at least one agriculturally acceptable carrier.

[0237] In some embodiments, the amount of the multisite fungicide(s) in the concentrated composition is from about 20-80% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the storable composition comprises at least one agriculturally acceptable additive selected from the group consisting of surfactants, adjuvants and any combination thereof.

[0238] In some embodiments, combating disease in a crop against fungal infection comprises inhibiting fungal mycelium formation.

[0239] In some embodiments, combating disease in a crop against fungal infection comprises inhibiting fungal spore germination.

[0240] In some embodiments, combating disease in a crop against fungal pathogen infection comprises treating phytopathogenic diseases on the crop .

[0241] In some embodiments, combating disease in a crop against fungal pathogen infection comprises protecting the crop from fungal attack.

[0242] In some embodiments, combating disease in a crop against fungal pathogen infection comprises preventing fungal infection of the crop .

[0243] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises an agriculturally acceptable carrier.

[0244] In an embodiment, the amount of the multisite fungicide(s) in the storable composition is from about

[0245] 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5% to about 90%, 93%, 95%, 98%, 99% based on the total weight of the composition.

[0246] In an embodiment, the amount of the multisite fungicide(s) in the storable composition is from about 0.5% to about 95% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

[0247] In notable embodiments, the compositions of the present invention comprise multisite fungicide in solid particulate form for treating, combating and / or controlling diseases caused by fungal pathogen on crops, and thus for use in methods of treating, combating and / or controlling, a crop against fungal pathogen diseases. These compositions may comprise the solid particulate multisite fungicide in suspended, powder or granular formulations.

[0248] The inventive compositions may be produced in conventional manner, e.g., by mixing the active ingredients with appropriate ingredients such as adjuvants, diluents, solvents, and other formulating ingredients such as surfactantsdispersants etc., and then diluting the resultant composition in a tank with water or aqueous carrier and optionally including adjuvants, nutrients, dispersants or other ingredients generally known in agriculture for preparing pesticidal diluted spray mix from pesticidal concentrates. Optionally, further pesticides will be added to the spray mixture to allow the application of different pesticides simultaneously. It has been recorded that such fungicidal spray mixes have been prepared by diluting both a fungicidal concentrate together with a herbicide concentrate, sometime requiring the inclusion in the spray mix of an agent to overcome any incompatibility between the pesticidal ingredients.

[0249] Aqueous use forms can be prepared from concentrates, suspensions, pastes, wettable powders or water-dispersible granules by adding water, or an aqueous carrier and the other ingredients commonly employed in preparing agricultural spray mixes from concentrated compositions.

[0250] It is stressed however, that the invention is not dependent in any manner as to how it is produced, the focus remains, the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the spray mix and the volume of that spray mix that is applied to a crop and / or locus thereof to deliver a reduced amount of the fungicide compound per hectare of crop or locus, while maintaining a comparable efficacy with previously employed spray mixes used in application programs using the same fungicidal compound to address the same fungal pathogen in the same crop but at larger volumes or higher concentrations.

[0251] Crop (A)

[0252] In some embodiments, Crop (A) is selected from the group of apples, almonds, olives, grapes, bananas, and hops.

[0253] In some embodiments, Crop (A) is selected from the group of orchard crops and vine crops.

[0254] In some embodiments, Crop (A) is selected from the group of cereal, sugar beet, olive, pome fruits crops (comprising but not limiting to apple, pear), citrus, Prunus genus crops (comprising but not limiting to cherry, peach, apricot, plum), grape, banana, mango, papaya, avocado, litchi, cocoa, chili, onion, potato, com, sugarcane, sorghum, coffee, cotton, rice, pulses and fresh legumes (comprising but not limiting to chickpea, pea, bean, broad bean, fava bean), oil seed rape (OSR) and soybean. In some embodiments, crop (A) is selected from group consisting of cereal, sugar beet, olive, apple, citrus, cherry, banana, mango, papaya, pitaya, avocado, dragon fruit, guava, longan, litchi, durian, passion fruit, rambutan, mangosteen, cocoa, chili, onion, com, sugarcane, sorghum, coffee, cotton, rice, pulses, chickpea, pea, broad bean, fava bean, oil seed rape (OSR), soybean, and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, crop (A) is selected from group consisting of cereals, sugar beet, olive, apple, citrus, cherry, banana, mango, papaya, pitaya, avocado, dragon fruit, guava, longan, litchi, durian, passion fruit, rambutan, mangosteen, cocoa, chili, onion, com, sugarcane, sorghum, coffee, cotton, rice, pulses, oil seed rape (OSR), soybean, and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, crop (A) is selected from group consisting of sugar beet, olive, apple, banana, coffee, pulses, oil seed rape (OSR), soybean, and any combination thereof.

[0255] In some embodiment, crop (A) is cereal. In some embodiment, crop (A) is sugar beet. In some embodiment, crop (A) is olive. In some embodiment, crop (A) is apple. In some embodiments, crop (A) is citrus. In some embodiments, crop (A) is cherry. In some embodiment, crop (A) is banana. In some embodiment, the crop (A) is coffee. In some embodiment, crop (A) is pulses. In some embodiment, crop (A) is oil seed rape (OSR). In some embodiment, crop (A) is soybean. In some embodiments, crop (A) is mango. In some embodiments, crop (A) is papaya. In some embodiments, crop (A) is pitaya. In some embodiments, crop (A) is avocado. In some embodiments, crop (A) is dragon fruit. In some embodiments, crop (A) is guava. In some embodiments, crop (A) is longan. In some embodiments, crop (A) is litchi. In some embodiments, crop (A) is durian. In some embodiments, crop (A) is passion fruit. In some embodiments, crop (A) is rambutan. In some embodiments, crop (A) is mangosteen. In some embodiments, crop (A) is cocoa. In some embodiments, crop (A) is chili, hops In some embodiments, crop (A) is onion. In some embodiments, crop (A) is com. In some embodiments, crop (A) is sugarcane. In some embodiments, crop (A) is sorghum. In some embodiments, crop (A) is cotton. In some embodiments, crop (A) is rice.

[0256] Fungal Pathogen (I)

[0257] In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is selected from group consisting of Zymoseptoria tritici, Mycosphaerella graminicola, Rynchosporium secalis, Ramularia collo cygni, Puccinia recondita, Puccinia striiformis, Fusarium ear blight (comprising Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium poae, Fusarium langsethiae, Microdochium nivale), Cercospora beticola, Cercospora sojina, Cercospora kikuchii. Ramularia beticola, Venturia oleagina, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum sp., Venturia inaequalis, Venturia pirina, Stemphylium vesicarium , Altemaria sp., Altemaria altemata, Neonectria galligena, Neonectria ditissima, Altemaria citri, Guignardia citricarpa, Pythium sp., Botrytis cinerea, Monilinia fmcticola, Monilinia fmctigena, Monilinia laxa, Diaporthe amygdali, Taphrina deformans, Podosphaera clandestine, Podosphaera leucotricha, Sphaerotheca pannosa, Oidium leucoconium, Oidium sp., Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., Rhizopus arrhizus, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium oxyspomm, Venturia carpophila, Wilsonomyces carpophilus, Plasmopara viticola, Guignardia bidwellii, Elsinoe ampelina, Esca disease complex, Erysiphe necator, Botryotinia fuckeliana, Colletotrichum coccodes, Ralstonia solanacearum, Phytophthora infestans, Altemaria solani, Colletotrichum truncatum, Colletotrichum acutatum, Pseudocercospora musae, Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Cercospora zeae- maydis, Setosphaeria turcica, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, Cochliobolus carbonum, Ustilago maydis, Phialophora gregata, Gibberella zeae, Ustilago scitaminea, Hehninthosporium sacchari, Puccinia sorghi, Hemileia vastatrix, Gibberella xylarioides, Septoria glycines, Phakopsora gossypii, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phlyctema vagabunda, Puccinia schedonnardi, Puccinia cacabata, Corynespora cassiicola, Ascochyta gossypiicola, Glomerella gossypii, Rhizoctonia solani, Pyricularia oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Ascochyta rabiei, Ascochyta pisi, Ascochyta fabae, Cercospora zonata, Uromyces vicia-fabae, Peronospora viciae, Fusarium sp., Fusarium virguliforme, Sclerotinia sp., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Peronospora destructor and Phytophthora sp..

[0258] In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is selected from group consisting of Cercospora beticola, Cercospora sojina, Cercospora kikuchii. Ramularia beticola, Venturia oleagina, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum sp., Colletotrichum truncatum, Pseudocercospora musae, Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Cercospora zeae-maydis, Setosphaeria turcica, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, Cochliobolus carbonum, Ustilago maydis, Phialophora gregata, Gibberella zeae, Ustilago scitaminea, Helminthosporium sacchari, Puccinia sorghi, Hemileia vastatrix, Gibberella xylarioides, Septoria glycines, Phakopsora gossypii, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phlyctema vagabunda, Puccinia schedonnardi, Puccinia cacabata, Corynespora cassiicola, Ascochyta gossypiicola, Glomerella gossypii, Rhizoctonia solani, Pyricularia oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Ascochyta rabiei, Ascochyta pisi, Ascochyta fabae, Cercospora zonata, Uromyces vicia-fabae, Peronospora viciae, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium sp., Fusarium virguliforme, Sclerotinia sp., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Phytophthora sp., Venturia inaequalis, Mycosphaerella fijiensis and any combination thereof.

[0259] In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is selected from group consisting of Cercospora beticola, Ramularia beticola, Venturia oleagina, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum sp., Pseudocercospora musae, Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Cercospora zeae-maydis, Setosphaeria turcica, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, Cochliobolus carbonum, Ustilago maydis, Gibberella zeae, Ustilago scitaminea, Helminthosporium sacchari, Puccinia sorghi, Hemileia vastatrix, Gibberella xylarioides, Phakopsora gossypii, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Puccinia schedonnardi, Puccinia cacabata, Ascochyta gossypiicola, Glomerella gossypii, Rhizoctonia solani, Pyricularia oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Ascochyta rabiei, Cercospora zonata, Uromyces vicia-fabae, Peronospora viciae, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium sp., Sclerotinia sp., Phytophthora sp., Venturia inaequalis and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is selected from group consisting of Cercospora beticola, Ramularia beticola, Venturia oleagina, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Phlyctema vagabunda, Venturia inaequalis, Pseudocercospora musae, Mycosphaerella fijiensis (or Pseudocercospora fijiensis), Phakopsora gossypii, Ascochyta rabiei, Ascochyta pisi, Ascochyta fabae, Peronospora viciae, Sclerotinia sp., Phakopsora pachyrhizi, and any combination thereof.

[0260] In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Cercospora beticola. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Ramularia beticola. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Venturia oleagina. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Phlyctema vagabunda. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Venturia inaequalis. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Pseudocercospora musae. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Mycosphaerella fijiensis (or Pseudocercospora fijiensis). In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Phakopsora gossypii. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Ascochyta rabiei. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Ascochyta pisi. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Ascochyta fabae. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Peronospora viciae. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Sclerotinia sp. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Phakopsora pachyrhizi. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Cercospora sojina. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Cercospora kikuchii. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Cercospora zeae-maydis. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Setosphaeria turcica. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Cochliobolus heterostrophus. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Cochliobolus carbonum. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Ustilago maydis. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Gibberella zeae. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Ustilago scitaminea. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Helminthosporium sacchari. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Puccinia sorghi. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Hemileia vastatrix. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Gibberella xylarioides. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Puccinia schedonnardi. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Puccinia cacabata. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Ascochyta gossypiicola. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Glomerella gossypii. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Rhizoctonia solani. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Pyricularia oryzae. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Cochliobolus miyabeanus. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Cercospora zonata. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Uromyces vicia-fabae. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Botrytis cinerea. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Fusarium sp. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Phytophthora sp.

[0261] Diseases Caused by Fungal Pathogens

[0262] In some embodiments, the disease caused by fungal pathogen on crop is selected from the group consisting of cercospora leaf spot, leaf spot of beet, Ramularia Leaf Spot, peacock spot of olive, olive anthracnose, leprosy of olive or leaf and shoot lesions of olive, apple scab, yellow sigatoka of banana, black sigatoka of banana, black leaf streak disease of banana, rust of cotton, blight of chickpea, blight of pea, blight of broad bean, ascochyta blight in peas lentils or fava beans, downy mildew of legumes, downy mildew of grapes (plasmopora viticola), downy mildew of hops, Pseudoperonospora humuli, (Humulus lupulus), peas etc., sclerotinia stem rot or white mold of oilseed rape, Asian soybean rust, cotton rust of cotton, sudden death syndrome, frogeye leaf spot, black spot of apple, white mold, brown stem rot, brown spot of soybean, purple blotch of soybean, soybean anthracnose, target spot on soybean, and any combination thereof.

[0263] In some embodiments, the disease is cercospora leaf spot. In some embodiments, the disease is leaf spot of beet. In some embodiments, the disease is Ramularia Leaf Spot. In some embodiments, the disease is peacock spot of olive. In some embodiments, the disease is olive anthracnose. In some embodiments, the disease is leprosy of olive. In some embodiments, the disease is leaf and shoot lesions of olive. In some embodiments, the disease is apple scab. In some embodiments, the disease is yellow sigatoka of banana. In some embodiments, the disease is black sigatoka of banana. In some embodiments, the disease is black leaf streak disease of banana. In some embodiments, the disease is rust of cotton. In some embodiments, the disease is blight of chickpea. In some embodiments, the disease is blight of pea. In some embodiments, the disease is blight of broad bean. In some embodiments, the disease is ascochyta blight in peas lentils or fava beans. In some embodiments, the disease is downy mildew of legumes, peas, etc. In some embodiments, the disease is sclerotinia stem rot or white mold of oilseed rape. In some embodiments, the disease is Asian soybean rust. In some embodiments, the disease is cotton rust of cotton. In some embodiments, the disease is sudden death syndrome. In some embodiments, the disease is frogeye leaf spot. In some embodiments, the disease is black spot of apple. In some embodiments, the disease is white mold. In some embodiments, the disease is brown stem rot. In some embodiments, the disease is brown spot of soybean. In some embodiments, the disease is purple blotch of soybean. In some embodiments, the disease is soybean anthracnose. In some embodiments, the disease is target spot on soybean.

[0264] Cercospora beticola causes the disease Cercospora leaf spot in sugar beet. Ramularia beticola causes the disease leaf spot in sugar beet. Venturia oleagina causes the disease peacock spot in olive. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides cause the disease olive anthracnose. Phlyctema vagabunda causes the disease leprosy of olive or leaf and shoot lesions of olive. Venturia inaequalis causes apple scab. Pseudocercospora musae causes yellow sigatoka in banana. Mycosphaerella fijiensis (or Pseudocercospora fijiensis) causes black sigatoka in banana. Phakopsora gossypii causes rust of cotton. Ascochyta rabiei causes blight of chickpea. Ascochyta pisi causes blight of pea. Ascochyta fabae causes blight of broad bean. Peronospora viciae causes downy mildew of legumes. Sclerotinia sp. causes Sclerotinia stem rot or white mold of OSR. Phakopsora pachyrhizi causes Asian soybean rust. Fusarium virguliforme causes sudden death syndrome in soybean. Cercospora sojina causes frogeye leaf spot in soybean. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes white mold in soybean. Phialophora gregata causes brown stem rot in soybean. Septoria glycines causes brown spot of soybean. Cercospora kikuchii causes purp le blotch of soybean. Colletotrichum truncatum causes soybean anthracnose. Corynespora cassiicola causes target spot on soybean.

[0265] Preferred Combinations for Specific Fungal Pathogens, Fungal Diseases, and / or Crops

[0266] In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Pseudocercospora musae in banana. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Mycosphaerella fijiensis in banana. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Cercospora zeae-maydis in com. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Setosphaeria turcica in com. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Cochliobolus heterostrophus in com. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Cochliobolus carbonum in com. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Ustilago maydis in com. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Gibberella zeae in com. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Ustilago scitaminea in sugarcane. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Helminthosporium sacchari in sugarcane. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Puccinia sorghi in sorghum. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Hemileia vastatrix in coffee. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Gibberella xylarioides in coffee. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Phakopsora gossypii in cotton. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Puccinia schedonnardi in cotton. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Puccinia cacabata in cotton. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Ascochyta gossypiicola in cotton. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Glomerella gossypii in cotton. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Rhizoctonia solani in rice. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Pyricularia oryzae in rice. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Cochliobolus miyabeanus in rice. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Ascochyta rabiei in pulses. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Cercospora zonata in pulses. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Uromyces vicia-fabae in pulses. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Peronospora viciae in pulses. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Botrytis cinerea in pulses and OSR. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Fusarium sp. in com. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Fusarium sp. in rice. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Fusarium sp. in sugarcane. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Fusarium sp. in sorghum. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Fusarium sp. in banana. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Fusarium sp. in cotton. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Fusarium sp. in coffee. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Fusarium sp. in pulses. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Sclerotinia sp. in OSR and pulses. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Phytophthora sp. in cocoa. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Cercospora beticola in sugar beet. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I)is Cercospora sojina in sugar beet. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I)is Cercospora kikuchii in sugar beet. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I)is Ramularia beticola in sugar beet. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in apple. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. in apple. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in olive, in some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. in olive. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Venturia oleagina in olive. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Phlyctema vagabunda in olive. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in citrus. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. in citrus. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in cherry. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. in cherry. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in banana. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. in banana. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in papaya. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. in papaya. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in pitaya. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. in pitaya. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in mango. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. in mango. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in avocado. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. in avocado. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in dragon fruit. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. in dragon fruit. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in guava. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. in guava. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in longan. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. in longan. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in litchi. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. in litchi. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in durian. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. in durian. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in passion fruit. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. in passion fruit. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in rambutan. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. in rambutan. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in mangosteen. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. in mangosteen. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in cocoa. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. in cocoa. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in chilli. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. in chilli. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in onion. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. in onion. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Phakopsora pachyrhizi in soybean. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Venturia inaequalis in apple.

[0267] In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Pseudocercospora musae and crop (A) is banana. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Mycosphaerella fijiensis and crop (A) is banana. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Cercospora zeae-maydis and crop (A) is com. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Setosphaeria turcica and crop (A) is com. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Cochliobolus heterostrophus and crop (A) is com. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Cochliobolus carbonum and crop (A) is com. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Ustilago maydis and crop (A) is com. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Gibberella zeae and crop (A) is com. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Ustilago scitaminea and crop (A) is sugarcane, In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Hehninthosporium sacchari and crop (A) is sugarcane. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Puccinia sorghi and crop (A) is sorghum. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Hemileia vastatrix and crop (A) is coffee. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Gibberella xylarioides and crop (A) is coffee. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Phakopsora gossypii and crop (A) is cotton. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Puccinia schedonnardi and crop (A) is cotton. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Puccinia cacabata and crop (A) is cotton. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Ascochyta gossypiicola and crop (A) is cotton. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Glomerella gossypii and crop (A) is cotton. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Rhizoctonia solani and crop (A) is rice. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Pyricularia oryzae and crop (A) is rice. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Cochliobolus miyabeanus and crop (A) is rice. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Ascochyta rabiei and crop (A) is pulses. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Ascochyta pisi and crop (A) is pulses. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Ascochyta fabae and crop (A) is pulses. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Cercospora zonata in pulses. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Uromyces vicia-fabae and crop (A) is pulses. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Peronospora viciae and crop (A) is pulses. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Botrytis cinerea and crop (A) is pulses and OSR. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Fusarium sp. and crop (A) is com. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Fusarium sp. and crop (A) is rice. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Fusarium sp. and crop (A) is sugarcane. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Fusarium sp. and crop (A) is sorghum. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Fusarium sp. and crop (A) is banana. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Fusarium sp. and crop (A) is cotton. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Fusarium sp. and crop (A) is coffee. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Fusarium sp. and crop (A) is pulses. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Sclerotinia sp. and crop (A) is OSR. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Sclerotinia sp. and crop (A) is pulses. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Phytophthora sp. and crop (A) is cocoa. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Cercospora beticola and crop (A) is sugar beet. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Cercospora sojina and crop (A) is sugar beet. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Cercospora kikuchii and crop (A) is sugar beet. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Ramularia beticola and crop (A) is sugar beet. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and crop (A) is apple. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. and crop (A) is apple. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and crop (A) is olive. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. and crop (A) is olive. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Venturia oleagina and crop (A) is olive. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Phlyctema vagabunda and crop (A) is olive. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and crop (A) is citrus. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. and crop (A) is citrus. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and crop (A) is cherry. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. and crop (A) is cherry. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and crop (A) is banana. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. and crop (A) is banana. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and crop (A) is papaya. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. and crop (A) is papaya. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and crop (A) is pitaya. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. and crop (A) is pitaya. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and crop (A) is mango. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. and crop (A) is mango. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and crop (A) is avocado. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. and crop (A) is avocado. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and crop (A) is dragon fruit. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. and crop (A) is dragon fruit. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and crop (A) is guava. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. and crop (A) is guava. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and crop (A) is longan. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. and crop (A) is longan. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and crop (A) is litchi. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. and crop (A) is litchi. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and crop (A) is durian. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. and crop (A) is durian. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and crop (A) is passion fruit. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. and crop (A) is passion fruit. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and crop (A) is rambutan. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. and crop (A) is rambutan. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and crop (A) is mangosteen. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. and crop (A) is mangosteen. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and crop (A) is cocoa. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. and crop (A) is cocoa. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and crop (A) is chili. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. and crop (A) is chili. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and crop (A) is onion. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum sp. and crop (A) is onion. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Venturia inaequalis and crop (A) is apple.

[0268] In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Phakopsora pachyrhizi and crop (A) is soybean. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Fusarium virguliforme and crop (A) is soybean. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Cercospora sojina and crop (A) is soybean. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and crop (A) is soybean. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Phialophora gregata and crop (A) is soybean. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Septoria glycines and crop (A) is soybean. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Cercospora kikuchii and crop (A) is soybean. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Colletotrichum truncatum and crop (A) is soybean. In some embodiments, fungal pathogen (I) is Corynespora cassiicola and crop (A) is soybean. The present method, use or composition may include additional crop protection agents, for example insecticides, herbicides, bactericides, nematicides, molluscicides, growth regulators, biological agents, fertilizers, or mixtures thereof.

[0269] Each embodiment disclosed herein is contemplated as being applicable to each of the other disclosed embodiments. Thus, all combinations of the various elements described herein are within the scope of the invention. In addition, the elements recited in the method embodiments can be used in the composition and use embodiments described herein and vice versa.

[0270] The following examples illustrate the practice of the present subject matter in some of its embodiments but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present subject matter. Other embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and examples. It is intended that the specification, including the examples, is considered exemplary only without limiting the scope and spirit of the present subject matter.

[0271] Experimental Examples EXAMPLE 1

[0272] Folpet (Fungicide A) is applied with different types of sprayer equipment at the concentration per hectoliter (hL) of about 450gram active ingredient per Hectare and at concentration of 120g a.i. / hL

[0273] 6 consecutive applications with an interval between the applications of 7 ±1 days are performed. EXAMPLE 2

[0274] An experiment was conducted in order to assess the efficacy and selectivity of FOLPAN 80 WG against Plasmopara viticola in grape, variety Dolcetto, with two different application methodologies in Italy, in Piedmont region.

[0275] The trial was conducted according to the relevant EPPO guidelines (Europe), with a randomized design with 6 replications.

[0276] Treatments were applied at the same concentration of 100 g a.i. / lOO L [100g a.i. / hL] water, but with different application technologies and different water volume per hectare.

[0277] Treatment List

[0278] Results

[0279] Disease incidence

[0280] Disease severity

[0281] The untreated control exhibited a disease incidence of 15% and a disease severity of 5.5% on grape leaves.

[0282] Both treatments achieved 100% disease control, demonstrating complete suppression of disease symptoms under the tested conditions. These results highlight the effectiveness of both application methods and suggest that reduced spray volumes with advanced technology can maintain high efficacy while potentially improving application efficiency and environmental sustainability.

[0283] EXAMPLE 3

[0284] An experiment was conducted in order to assess the efficacy and selectivity of MERPAN 80 WG and FOLPAN 80 WG against Venturia inaequalis in apple, variety Fuji, with two different application methodologies in Italy, in Piedmont region.

[0285] The trial was conducted according to the relevant EPPO guidelines with a big plot design in which subplots were identified in order to get 6 replications.

[0286] Treatments were applied at the same concentration of 120 g a.i. / lOO L water, but with different application technologies and different water volume per hectare.

[0287] Treatment List

[0288] Results

[0289] Disease incidence

[0290] The untreated control exhibited a disease incidence of 10% on apple leaves.

[0291] All sprayed treatments achieved 100% disease control, demonstrating complete suppression of disease symptoms under the tested conditions. These results highlight the effectiveness of both application methods and suggest that reduced spray volumes with advanced technology can maintain high efficacy while potentially improving application efficiency and environmental sustainability. Statements, (features etc.) and embodiments of the compositions, methods, and uses described herein are set herein below. Each of the statements and embodiments so defined may be combined with any other statement and / or embodiments unless clearly indicated to the contrary. In particular, any feature indicated as being preferred or advantageous may be combined with any other feature or features or statements indicated as being preferred or advantageous. Hereto, the application in particular relates to any one or any combination of one or more of the below numbered statements, aspects, embodiments etc., with any other statement and / or embodiment. The ensuing statements provide additional illustration of certain aspects and embodiments that have been disclosed in accordance with the present invention:

[0292] 1) A method of addressing, treating, controlling, preventing or treating a fungal pathogen or infection caused thereby, in a Hectare of crops or locus thereof, comprising, a) adding to a tank in no particular order, i) concentrated composition comprising multisite fungicide, comprising no more than 600g of multisite fungicide compound, ii) optionally, non-active additives such as, adjuvant, thickening agent, sticking agent, dispersants, surfactant, anti-oxidation agent, compatibilizing agent, nutrient, fertilizer, anti-foaming agent, and thickener, iii) optionally, further pesticidal active ingredients such as herbicide, insecticide, and / or systemic fungicide, and iv) no more than 1500L of aqueous carrier, b) agitating or mixing the tank contents to obtain a homogenous one Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition, and c) spray applying the obtained one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition to the hectare of crop or locus thereof, wherein the multisite fungicide compound in the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix obtained in step e) is in the form of solid particles homogeneously dispersed in an aqueous carrier and wherein the concentrated composition of step a) is a solid or liquid comprising between about 10% to about 80% of solid particulate multisite fungicide by weight of the concentrated composition, and wherein the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix contains no more of the multisite fungicidal compound than the amount added in step a).

[0293] 2) The method of statement 1 wherein,

[0294] (a) the crop is one or more of apple, grape, olive, almond, hops, and banana, (b) step a) comprises the addition of concentrated composition comprising phthalimide fungicide selected from solid or liquid compositions of dispersed particulate captan or folpet, comprising between, 300g and 500g of multisite fungicide compound,

[0295] (c) step a) comprises the addition of solid concentrated composition comprising 800g / Kg solid particulate phthalimide fungicide selected from captan or folpet, and / or concentrated liquid suspension composition of 480 - 500g / L dispersed particulate captan or folpet, comprising between 300g and 500g of multisite fungicide compound,

[0296] (d) step a) comprises the addition of water to the tank as the aqueous carrier,

[0297] (e) the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix comprises,

[0298] (i) between 300g ±10% to 500g±10% of multisite fungicide compound,

[0299] (ii) a total volume selected from, a. between 250L ±10% and 500L ±10%; and b. between 300L ±10% and 1500L ±10%; and / or

[0300] (iii) a concentration of solid particulate multi site fungicide compound in the aqueous carrier of,

[0301] I. between 30g ±10% a.i. / hL and 170g ±10% a.i. / hL, or

[0302] II. between 20g a.i. / hL and 200g a.i. / hL, and / or

[0303] (f) additional pesticide selected from, herbicide compound; insecticide compound; systemic fungicide compound; and combinations thereof. ) A method of addressing, such as, treating, controlling, preventing, combatting a crop fungal pathogen, infestation or infection caused thereby, in a Hectare of crops or locus thereof, comprising, a) adding to a tank in no particular order, i) a concentrated composition comprising multisite fungicide, ii) optionally, non-active additives such as, adjuvant, thickening agent, sticking agent, dispersant, surfactant, anti-oxidation agent, compatibilizing agent, nutrient, fertilizer, anti-foaming agent, and thickener, iii) optionally, further pesticidal active ingredients such as herbicide, insecticide, and / or systemic fungicide, iv) aqueous carrier, to reach a total volume of between 25 OL and 1500L of tank liquid, b) agitating or mixing the tank contents to obtain a homogenous one Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition, and c) spray applying the obtained one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition to the hectare of crops or locus thereof, wherein the multisite fungicide compound in the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix obtained in step b) is in the form of solid particles homogeneously dispersed in an aqueous carrier at a concentration of,

[0304] (i) between 20g a.i. / hL and 200g a.i. / hL, or

[0305] (ii) between 28g a.i. / hL and 170g a.i. / hL, wherein the concentrated composition of step a) comprises between about 10% to about 80% of solid particles of multisite fungicide by weight of the concentrated composition and the concentrated composition of step a) is a solid or liquid composition. ) The method of statement 3 wherein, a) the total volume of tank liquid is selected from, i) between 250L and 500L; and ii) between 300L and 1500L, and / or b) the multisite fungicide compound is dispersed in the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix aqueous carrier at a concentration of, between 42g ±10% a.i. / hL and 60g ±10% a.i. / hL, or between 100g ±10% a.i. / hL and 150g ±10% a.i. / hL. ) A method of addressing, treating, controlling, preventing or treating a fungal pathogen or infection caused thereby, in a Hectare of crops or locus thereof, comprising, a) adding to a tank in no particular order, i) a concentrated composition comprising multisite fungicide, ii) optionally, non-active additives such as, adjuvant, thickening agent, sticking agent, dispersant, surfactant, anti-oxidation agent, compatibilizing agent, nutrient, fertilizer, anti-foaming agent, and thickener, iii) optionally, further pesticidal active ingredients such as herbicide, insecticide, and / or systemic fungicide, iv) an aqueous carrier, to reach a concentration of multisite fungicide compound not exceeding 200g a.i. / hL of tank liquid, b) agitating or mixing the tank liquid contents to obtain a homogenous one Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition, and c) spray applying the obtained one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition to the hectare of crops or locus thereof, wherein the multisite fungicide compound in the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix obtained in step e) is a in the form of solid particles homogeneously dispersed in an aqueous carrier and the concentrated composition of step a) comprises between about 10% to about 80% of multisite fungicide by weight of the concentrated composition and the concentrated composition of step a) is a solid and / or liquid composition of solid particulate multisite fungicide compound and wherein the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix contains no more of the multisite fungicidal compound than the amount added in step a). ) A method of addressing, treating, controlling, preventing or treating a fungal pathogen or infection caused thereby, in a Hectare of crops or locus thereof, comprising, a) adding a concentrated composition comprising no more than 600g a.i. of multisite fungicide active ingredient to a tank, b) optionally, adding non-active additives such as, adjuvant, thickening agent, sticking agent, dispersants, surfactant, anti-oxidation agent, compatibilizing agent, nutrient, fertilizer, anti-foaming agent, and thickener, c) optionally, adding further pesticidal active ingredients such as herbicide, insecticide, and / or systemic fungicide, d) adding an aqueous carrier to the tank to reach a total volume not exceeding 600L of tank liquid, e) agitating or mixing the tank liquid contents to obtain a homogenous one Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition, and f) spray applying the obtained one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition to the hectare of crops or locus thereof, wherein the multisite fungicide compound in the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix obtained in step e) is a in the form of solid particles homogeneously dispersed in the aqueous carrier and the concentrated composition added in step a) comprises between about 10% to about 80% of multisite fungicide by weight of the concentrated composition and the concentrated composition of step a) is selected from, a suspension concentrate (SC); and a water dispersible granulate (WDG) and wherein the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix contains no more of the multisite fungicidal compound than the amount added in step a).

[0306] 7) The method of any one of statements 1 - 3 wherein the aqueous carrier is added to the tank in step d) to reach a total volume selected from, not exceeding 500L; not exceeding 400L; not exceeding 375L; and 350L ±10% of tank liquid.

[0307] 8) The method of any one of statements 1 - 3 wherein the tank liquid concentration of multisite fungicide of step d) is selected from, not exceeding 300g a.i. / hL; not exceeding 250g a.i. / hL; and not exceeding 20g a.i. / hL, and 150g a.i. / hL ±10%, of tank liquid.

[0308] 9) The method of any one of statements 1 - 3 wherein the tank liquid concentration of multisite fungicide of step d) is 42g a.i. / hL ±10%, 100 g a.i. / hL ±10%, 100 g a.i. / hL ±10%, or 150g a.i. / hL ±10%, and the total volume of the one Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition 350L ±10% of tank liquid of tank liquid.

[0309] 10) The method of any one of statements 1 - 9 wherein the spray mix composition is applied to the crop, a) employing optimized spraying programs and / or precision spraying equipment to reduce losses and wastage and ensure the maximal amount of the applied fungicidal multisite compound is fungicidally effectively applied to the crop and the environmental impact is minimized, and / or b) employing conventional atomizer in an optimized accurate spraying program, tower atomizer with air assisted nozzles, and / or electrostatic pneumatic sprayer equipment.

[0310] 11) A one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition, comprising, a) a concentrated composition comprising between about 10% to about 80% of multisite fungicide by weight of concentrated composition, b) optionally, non-active additives such as, adjuvant, thickening agent, sticking agent, dispersants, surfactant, organic solvent, anti-oxidation agent, compatibilizing agent, nutrient, fertilizer, anti-foaming agent, and thickener, c) optionally, further pesticidal active ingredients such as herbicide, insecticide, and / or systemic fungicide, and d) an aqueous carrier, wherein the total volume of the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition does not exceed 1500L g ±10%, and wherein the multisite fungicide compound in the one- Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix is between 300g ±10% to 500g ±10% in the form of solid particles homogeneously dispersed in the aqueous carrier and the concentrated composition of a) is selected from, a suspension concentrate (SC); and a water dispersible granulate (WDG) and wherein the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix contains no more of the multisite fungicidal spray mix than the amount comprising the concentrated composition of a). ) A one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition, comprising, a) a concentrated composition comprising between about 10% to about 80% of multisite fungicide by weight of concentrated composition, b) optionally, non-active additives such as, thickening agent, sticking agent, dispersants, surfactant, anti-oxidation agent, compatibilizing agent, nutrient, fertilizer, antifoaming agent, and thickener, c) optionally, further pesticidal active ingredients such as herbicide, insecticide, and / or systemic fungicide, and d) an aqueous carrier, wherein the concentration of multisite fungicide compound in the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition does not exceed 200g a.i. / hL, and wherein the multisite fungicide compound in the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix is in the form of solid particles homogeneously dispersed in the aqueous carrier and the concentrated composition of a) is selected from, a liquid and a solid concentrated dispersion composition of fungicide particles such as suspension concentrate (SC), or water dispersible granulate (WDG) and wherein the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix contains no more of the multisite fungicidal spray mix than the amount comprising the concentrated composition of a). ) A one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition, comprising, a) a concentrated composition comprising between about 10% to about 80% of multisite fungicide by weight of concentrated composition, b) optionally, non-active additives such as, thickening agent, sticking agent, dispersants, surfactant, anti-oxidation agent, compatibilizing agent, nutrient, fertilizer, antifoaming agent, and thickener, c) optionally, further pesticidal active ingredients such as herbicide, insecticide, and / or systemic fungicide, and d) an aqueous carrier, wherein the amount of multisite fungicide compound in the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition does not exceed 500g a.i. and wherein the multisite fungicide compound in the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix is in the form of solid particles homogeneously dispersed in the aqueous carrier. ) A one hectare fungicidal spray mix composition comprising between 25 OL andl500L of, at least one concentrated multisite fungicide composition such as, phthalimide fungicide suspension concentrate, or water dispersible granulate, composition diluted in an aqueous carrier such as water, for addressing, controlling, treating, combatting, or preventing, infection, infestation, or diseases caused by fungal pathogen on agricultural crop or locus thereof, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the spray mix composition is selected from, a) 10g a.i. / hL ±10% to 200g a.i. / hL ±10%; b) 20g a.i. / hL ±10% to 190g a.i. / hL ±10%; c) 30g a.i. / hL ±10% to 180g a.i. / hL ±10%; d) 35g a.i. / hL ±10% to 140g a.i. / hL ±10%; e) 37.5g a.i. / hL ±10% to 130g a.i. / hL ±10%; f) 35g a.i. / hL ±10% to 135g a.i. / hL ±10%; g) 40g a.i. / hL ±10% to 125g a.i. / hL ±10%; h) 42g a.i. / hL ±10% to 120g a.i. / hL ±10%, such that the fungicidal spray mix composition delivers by spray application, between 200g ±10% to 600g ±10% of multisite fungicide such as solid particulate phthalimide fungicide, to a hectare of crop or locus thereof, and wherein the phthalimide fungicide compound where used, is selected from captan; folpet; and combinations thereof, optionally combined with additional fungicides and wherein the concentrated multisite fungicide composition comprises between about 10% to about 80% of solid particulate multisite fungicide such as solid particulate, Captan or Folpet, by weight of the concentrated composition, and the fungicidal spray mix composition is a dispersion of finely divided multisite fungicide particles in an aqueous carrier, such as water. ) The use of a spray mix composition comprising at least one multisite fungicide and an aqueous carrier such as water, for addressing, such as, controlling, treating, combating, or preventing, infection, infestation, or diseases caused by fungal pathogen on crop or locus thereof, wherein the amount of the fungicide used by application, per hectare is selected from, a) between 350±10% to 850±10% grams multisite fungicide per hectare (g a.i. / Ha); b) between 300±10% to 500±10% grams multisite fungicide per hectare (g a.i. / Ha); c) between 375±10% to 700±10% grams multisite fungicide per hectare (g a.i. / Ha); d) between 400±10% to 650±10% grams multisite fungicide per hectare (g a.i. / Ha); and e) between 420±10% to 600±10% grams multisite fungicide per hectare (g a.i. / Ha); and the concentration of the multisite fungicide compound in the spray mix composition is selected from, i. between 10g±10% a.i. / hL and 200g ±10% a.i. / hL; ii . between 20g± 10% a.i . / hL and 200g ± 10% a.i . / hL; iii. between 30g±10% a.i. / hL and 130g ±10% a.i. / hL; iv. between 40g± 10% a.i. / hL and 125g ±10% a.i. / hL; v. 20g±10% a.i. / hL; vi. 28g±10% a.i. / hL; vii. 42g±10% a.i. / hL; viii. 60g±10% a.i. / hL; ix. 100g± 10% a.i. / hL; x. 150g± 10% a.i. / hL; xi. 170g± 10% a.i. / hL; xii. no more than 120g a.i. / hL, wherein the multisite fungicide compound in the spray mix composition is in the form of solid particles. ) The use of a spray mix composition comprising at least one multisite fungicide and aqueous carrier such as water, for addressing, such as, controlling, treating, combating, or preventing, infection, infestation, or diseases caused by fungal pathogen on crop or locus thereof, wherein the amount of the multisite fungicide used by application per hectare is between 375± 10% - 650±10% grams (g a.i. / Ha), multisite fungicide and the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the composition is between 25g a.i. / hL ±10% and 190g a.i. / hL ±10%. ) The use of a spray mix composition comprising at least one multisite fungicide and aqueous carrier such as water, for addressing, such as, controlling, treating, combating, or preventing, infection, infestation, or diseases caused by fungal pathogen on crop or locus thereof, wherein the amount of the multisite fungicide used by application per hectare is between 400±10% and 600±10% grams multisite fungicide (g a.i. / Ha), and the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the composition is between 28g a.i. / hL±10% and 170g a.i. / hL±10%. ) The use of a spray mix composition comprising at least one multisite fungicide and aqueous carrier such as water, for addressing, such as, controlling, treating, combating, or preventing, infection, infestation, or diseases caused by fungal pathogen on crop or locus thereof, wherein the amount of the multisite fungicide used by application per hectare is between about 350g a.i. / Ha to about 700g a.i. / Ha multisite fungicide active ingredient and the concentration of multisite fungicide the composition is between 28g ±10% a.i. / hL - 200g ±10% a.i. / hL. ) The use of a spray mix composition comprising at least one multisite fungicide and aqueous carrier, for addressing, such as, controlling, treating, combating, or preventing infection, infestation, or diseases caused by fungal pathogen on crop or locus thereof, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the spray mix composition is between 10g a.i. / hL ±10% and 200g a.i. / hL ±10%, and the spray mix composition is applied at a rate to deliver between 200g ±10% to 600g ±10% of the multisite fungicide in the form of solid particles, per hectare of crop or locus thereof, and wherein the multisite fungicide compound is, optionally combined with additional fungicides. ) The use of a spray mix composition of any one of statements 16 - 19 wherein, a) the multisite fungicide comprises a phthalimide fungicide, b) the multisite fungicide comprises a concentrated phthalimide fungicide composition, c) the multisite fungicide comprises solid particulate phthalimide fungicide, d) the multisite fungicide comprises solid particulate captan fungicide, e) the multisite fungicide comprises solid particulate folpet fungicide, f) the multisite fungicide comprises solid particulate captan fungicide, g) the multisite fungicide comprises a concentrated suspension of solid particulate folpet, h) the multisite fungicide comprises a concentrated suspension of solid particulate captan, i) the multisite fungicide comprises a water dispersible folpet granulate, j) the multisite fungicide comprises a water dispersible captan granulate, k) the crop is selected from, apples; olives; bananas; almonds; and cereal crops, l) the volume of the spray mix composition applied in the use does not exceed lOhL per hectare of crop, m) the spray mix composition further comprises additional pesticidal compounds selected from, insecticide, herbicide; and systemic fungicides, and / or n) the spray mix composition further comprises non-pesticidal ingredients such as, additives selected from, adjuvants, nutrients, dispersants, surfactants, thickening agents, compatibilizers, anti-freeze agent, antimicrobial agents adjuvants, additives, nutrients, dispersants, surfactants, thickening agents, compatibilizers, anti-freeze agent, and antimicrobial agents. ) The use of any one of statements 16-20 wherein the fungicidal spray mix composition comprises a dispersion of phthalimide fungicide particles selected from Captan and Folpet particles in an aqueous carrier, such as water, wherein, a) the particle size distribution of the phthalimide fungicide compound primary particles is characterized by a D90 value selected from, i) between about 1 micron and about 40 microns (lpm±10% - 40pm±10%); ii) between about 3 microns and about 30 microns (3pm±10% - 30pm±10%); iii) between about 5 microns and about 25 microns (5pm±10% - 25pm±10%); iv) between about 8 microns and about 20 microns (8pm±10% - 20pm±10%); and v) between about 10 microns and about 16 microns (10pm±10% - 16pm±10%); or b) the particle size distribution of the phthalimide fungicide compound is characterized by a mean primary particle size (D50) of between about 0.7 microns and about 8 microns (0.7pm±10% - 8pm±10%). ) A fungicidal spray mix composition in a tank comprising at least one concentrated Captan suspension concentrate or water dispersible granulate, composition, diluted in an aqueous carrier such as water, for use in addressing, such as, controlling, treating, or preventing, and / or combatting, infection, infestation, or diseases caused by fungal pathogen on agricultural crop wherein the concentration of the Captan in the fungicidal spray mix composition is selected from, a) 10g a.i. / hL ±10% to 200g a.i. / hL ±10%; b) 20g a.i. / hL ±10% to 190g a.i. / hL ±10%; c) 28g a.i. / hL ±10% to 180g a.i. / hL ±10%; d) 35g a.i. / hL ±10% to 140g a.i. / hL ±10%; e) 37.5g a.i. / hL ±10% to 130g a.i. / hL ±10%; f) 35g a.i. / hL ±10% to 135g a.i. / hL ±10%; g) 40g a.i. / hL ±10% to 125g a.i. / hL ±10%; h) 42g a.i. / hL ±10% to 120g a.i. / hL ±10%; and wherein, the volume of the fungicidal spray mix composition in the tank is sufficient to deliver between 200g ±10% to 600g ±10% of solid particulate Captan fungicide per hectare (g a.i. / Ha), of crop such as apple trees, olive trees, banana plants, or almond trees, or locus thereof when between 300 and WOOL of the fungicidal spray mix composition is applied by spray, and wherein the fungicidal spray mix composition comprises dispersed solid particulate captan optionally combined with additional, pesticide compound selected from herbicide; insecticide; and systemic fungicide, and / or the fungicidal spray mix composition comprises, adjuvant, additive, nutrient, dispersant, surfactant, thickening agent, compatibilizer, anti-freeze agent, and / or antimicrobial agent. ) A fungicidal spray mix composition in a tank comprising at least one concentrated Folpet suspension concentrate or water dispersible granulate, composition, diluted in an aqueous carrier such as water, for use in addressing, such as, controlling, treating, or preventing, and / or combatting, infection, infestation, or diseases caused by fungal pathogen on agricultural crop wherein the concentration of the Folpet in the fungicidal spray mix composition is selected from, a) Wg a.i. / hL ±10% to 200g a.i. / hL ±10%; b) 20g a.i. / hL ±10% to 190g a.i. / hL ±10%; c) 28g a.i. / hL ±10% to 180g a.i. / hL ±10%; d) 35g a.i. / hL ±10% to 140g a.i. / hL ±10%; e) 37.5g a.i. / hL ±10% to 130g a.i. / hL ±10%; f) 35g a.i. / hL ±10% to 135g a.i. / hL ±10%; g) 40g a.i. / hL ±10% to 125g a.i. / hL ±10%; h) 42g a.i. / hL ±10% to 120g a.i. / hL ±10%; and i) 50g a.i. / hL ±10% to 142g a.i. / hL ±10%, and wherein, the volume of the fungicidal spray mix composition in the tank is sufficient to deliver between 200g ±10% to 600g ±10% of solid particulate Folpet fungicide per hectare (g a.i. / Ha), of crop such as apple trees, olive trees, banana plants, or almond trees, or locus thereof when between 300 and WOOL of the fungicidal spray mix composition is applied by spray, and wherein the fungicidal spray mix composition comprises dispersed solid particulate folpet optionally combined with additional, pesticide compound selected from herbicide; insecticide; and systemic fungicide, and / or the fungicidal spray mix composition comprises, adjuvant, additive, nutrient, dispersant, surfactant, thickening agent, compatibilizer, anti-freeze agent, and / or antimicrobial agent.

[0311] 24) The fungicidal spray mix composition in a tank of statement 22 or statement 23, wherein the concentrated Folpet composition or the concentrated captan composition comprises between about 10% to about 80% of solid particulate Captan fungicide compound or of solid particulate Folpet fungicide compound by weight of the concentrated composition, and the fungicidal spray mix composition is a homogeneous dispersion of finely divided Captan or folpet particles in an aqueous carrier, such as water, wherein, the primary particle size distribution of the Captan or Folpet particles is characterized by a D90 value selected from, i) between about 1 micron and about 40 microns (lpm±10% - 40pm±10%); ii) between about 3 microns and about 30 microns (3pm±10% - 30pm±10%); iii) between about 5 microns and about 25 microns (5pm±10% - 25pm±10%); iv) between about 8 microns and about 20 microns (8pm±10% - 20pm±10%); v) between about 10 microns and about 16 microns (10pm±10% - 16pm±10%), and / or a mean primary particle size (D50) of between about 0.7 microns and about 8 microns (0.7pm±10% - 8pm±10%).

[0312] 25) A method of treating a crop against fungal pathogen infection comprising applying a composition comprising multisite fungicide and water to the crop, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the composition is between 10 g a.i. / hL ±10% to 200 g a.i. / hL ±10%, and the composition is applied at a rate between 200g ±10% to 600g ±10% of the multisite fungicide compound per hectare.

[0313] 26) The method of statement 1, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the composition is 28 - 170g a.i. / hL.

[0314] 27) The method of statement 1 or 2, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the composition is 42 - 120 g a.i. / hL.

[0315] 28) The method of any one of statements 1-3, wherein the composition is applied at a rate between 250g to 500g of the multisite fungicide per hectare. 29) The method of any one of statements 1-4, wherein the composition is applied at a rate between 350g to 420g of the multisite fungicide per hectare.

[0316] 30) The method of any one of statements 25-29, wherein the composition is applied at 250L / ha - 1500L / ha.

[0317] 31) The method of any one of statements 25-29, wherein the composition is applied at about 350L / ha.

[0318] 32) The method of any one of statements 25-30, wherein the multisite fungicide is selected from the group consisting of thiocarbamate, maleimide, quinoxalines, quinones, triazines, bisguanidines, sulfamides, chloronitriles, dithio-carbamates, inorganic fungicide, phthalimide fungicide and any combination thereof.

[0319] 33) The method of any one of statements 25-31, wherein the multisite fungicide is a phthalimide fungicide.

[0320] 34) The method of any one of statements 29-32, wherein the phthalimide fungicide is captan.

[0321] 35) The method of any one of statements 25-32, wherein the phthalimide fungicide is folpet.

[0322] 36) The method of any one of statements 25-32, wherein the multisite fungicide is sulfur or copper.

[0323] 37) The method of any one of statements 25-36, wherein, a) the crop is one or mor of apples, almonds, olives, grapes, bananas; and hops, or b) the crop is selected from the group consisting of cereal, sugar beet, olive, pome fruits crops (comprising but not limiting to apple, pear), citrus, Prunus genus crops (comprising but not limiting to cherry, peach, apricot, plum), grape, banana, mango, papaya, avocado, litchi, cocoa, chili, onion, potato, com, sugarcane, sorghum, coffee, cotton, rice, pulses and fresh legumes (comprising but not limiting to chickpea, pea, bean, broad bean, fava bean), oil seed rape (OSR) and soybean. In some embodiments, crop (A) is selected from group consisting of cereal, sugar beet, olive, apple, citrus, cherry, banana, mango, papaya, pitaya, avocado, dragon fruit, guava, longan, litchi, durian, passion fruit, rambutan, mangosteen, cocoa, chili, onion, com, sugarcane, sorghum, coffee, coton, rice, pulses, chickpea, pea, broad bean, fava bean, oil seed rape (OSR), soybean, and any combination thereof. ) The method of any one of statements 25-37, wherein the fungal pathogen (I) is selected from group consisting of Zymoseptoria tritici, Mycosphaerella graminicola, Rynchosporium secalis, Ramularia collo cygni, Puccinia recondita, Puccinia striiformis, Fusarium ear blight (comprising Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium poae, Fusarium langsethiae, Microdochium nivale), Cercospora beticola, Cercospora sojina, Cercospora kikuchii. Ramularia beticola, Venturia oleagina, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum sp., Venturia inaequalis, Venturia pirina, Stemphylium vesicarium , Altemaria sp., Altemaria altemata, Neonectria galligena, Neonectria ditissima, Altemaria citri, Guignardia citricarpa, Pythium sp., Botrytis cinerea, Monilinia fructicola, Monilinia fructigena, Monilinia laxa, Diaporthe amygdali, Taphrina deformans, Podosphaera clandestine, Podosphaera leucotricha, Sphaerotheca pannosa, Oidium leucoconium, Oidium sp., Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., Rhizopus arrhizus, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium oxysporum, Venturia carpophila, Wilsonomyces carpophilus, Plasmopara viticola, Guignardia bidwellii, Elsinoe ampelina, Esca disease complex, Erysiphe necator, Botryotinia fuckeliana, Colletotrichum coccodes, Ralstonia solanacearum, Phytophthora infestans, Altemaria solani, Colletotrichum truncatum, Colletotrichum acutatum, Pseudocercospora musae, Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Cercospora zeae-maydis, Setosphaeria turcica, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, Cochliobolus carbonum, Ustilago maydis, Phialophora gregata, Gibberella zeae, Ustilago scitaminea, Helminthosporium sacchari, Puccinia sorghi, Hemileia vastatrix, Gibberella xylarioides, Septoria glycines, Phakopsora gossypii, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phlyctema vagabunda, Puccinia schedonnardi, Puccinia cacabata, Corynespora cassiicola, Ascochyta gossypiicola, Glomerella gossypii, Rhizoctonia solani, Pyricularia oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Ascochyta rabiei, Ascochyta pisi, Ascochyta fabae, Cercospora zonata, Uromyces vicia-fabae, Peronospora viciae, Fusarium sp., Fusarium virguliforme, Sclerotinia sp., Sclerotinia sclerotiomm, Peronospora destmctor and Phytophthora sp.. ) A method of treating a crop against fungal pathogen infection comprising applying a composition comprising captan and water to the crop, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the composition is between 10 g a.i. / hL to 200 g a.i. / hL and the composition is applied at a rate between 200 g to 650 g of the multisite fungicide per hectare. ) A method of treating a crop against fungal pathogen infection comprising applying a composition comprising multisite fungicide and water to the crop, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the composition is between 10 g a.i. / hL to 200 g a.i. / hL and the composition is applied at a rate between 200 g to 800g of the multisite fungicide per hectare, and wherein the multisite fungicide is other than captan. ) A low-volume aqueous composition comprising a finely divided solid particulate multisite fungicide and water, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the low-volume aqueous composition is between 10 g a.i. / hL to 200 g a.i. / hL. ) The low-volume aqueous composition of statement 41, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the low-volume aqueous composition is about 28-170g a.i. / hL. ) The low-volume aqueous composition of statement 41 or 42, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the low-volume aqueous composition is 100-150g a.i. / hL. ) The low-volume aqueous composition of any one of statements 41 or 42, wherein the low- volume aqueous composition is prepared for application at 250 - 500L / ha. ) The low-volume aqueous composition of any one of statements 41 - 44, wherein the low- volume aqueous composition is prepared for application at about 350 L / ha. ) A method of addressing, treating, controlling, or protecting a crop from a crop fungal pathogen, the method comprising applying a spray mix composition comprising solid particles of a phthalimide fungicide compound dispersed in an aqueous carrier to a crop or locus thereof, wherein the concentration of the solid particulate phthalimide fungicide in the spray mix composition is between 10g a.i. / hL ±10% to 200g a.i. / hL and the spray mix composition is applied at a rate to deliver between 200g ±10% to 1000g ±10% of the solid particulate phthalimide fungicide per hectare of crop or locus thereof, and wherein the phthalimide fungicide compound is selected from captan; folpet; and combinations thereof, optionally combined with additional fungicides. 47) The method of statement 46, wherein the concentration of the phthalimide fungicide in the spray mix composition is, a) between 30g a.i. / hL ±10% and ±10% - 200g a.i. / hL, b) between 50g a.i. / hL ±10% and 150g a.i. / hL, or c) between 100g a.i. / hL ±10% and 120 g a.i. / hL ±10%, and wherein no more than 500g a.i. / Ha of the solid particulate phthalimide is applied from the spray mix composition to the crop or the locus thereof.

[0324] 48) The method of statement 46, wherein the concentration of the phthalimide fungicide in the composition is, a) between 30g a.i. / hL ±10% and ±10% - 200g a.i. / hL, b) between 50g a.i. / hL ±10% and 150g a.i. / hL, or c) between 100g a.i. / hL ±10% and 120 g a.i. / hL ±10%, and wherein no more than 600L of the solid particulate phthalimide is applied from the composition.

[0325] 49) The method of any one of statements 46-48, wherein the composition is applied at a rate between 350 g to 420 g of the multisite fungicide per hectare.

[0326] 50) The method of any one of statements 46-49, wherein the composition is applied at 100-750 L / ha.

[0327] 51) The method of any one of statements 46-50, wherein the composition is applied at about 350 L / ha.

[0328] 52) The method of any one of statements 46-50, wherein the multisite fungicide is selected from the group consisting of thiocarbamate, maleimide, quinoxalines, quinones, triazines, bisguanidines, sulfamides, chloronitriles, dithio-carbamates, inorganic fungicide, phthalimide fungicide and any combination thereof.

[0329] 53) The method of any one of statements 46-52, wherein the multisite fungicide is a phthalimide fungicide.

[0330] 54) The method of any one of statements 46-52, wherein the multisite fungicide is sulfur or copper. ) The method of any one of statements 46-54, wherein the crop is selected from the group consisting of cereal, sugar beet, olive, pome fruits crops (comprising but not limiting to apple, pear), citrus, Prunus genus crops (comprising but not limiting to cherry, peach, apricot, plum), grape, banana, mango, papaya, avocado, litchi, cocoa, chili, onion, potato, com, sugarcane, sorghum, coffee, cotton, rice, pulses and fresh legumes (comprising but not limiting to chickpea, pea, bean, broad bean, fava bean), oil seed rape (OSR) and soybean. In some embodiments, crop (A) is selected from group consisting of cereal, sugar beet, olive, apple, citrus, cherry, banana, mango, papaya, pitaya, avocado, dragon fruit, guava, longan, litchi, durian, passion fruit, rambutan, mangosteen, cocoa, chili, onion, com, sugarcane, sorghum, coffee, cotton, rice, pulses, chickpea, pea, broad bean, fava bean, oil seed rape (OSR), soybean, and any combination thereof. ) The method of any one of statements 46-55, wherein the fungal pathogen (I) is selected from group consisting of Zymoseptoria tritici, Mycosphaerella graminicola, Rynchosporium secalis, Ramularia collo cygni, Puccinia recondita, Puccinia striiformis, Fusarium ear blight (comprising Fusarium gramineamm, Fusarium culmomm, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium poae, Fusarium langsethiae, Microdochium nivale), Cercospora beticola, Cercospora sojina, Cercospora kikuchii. Ramularia beticola, Venturia oleagina, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum sp., Venturia inaequalis, Venturia pirina, Stemphylium vesicarium , Altemaria sp., Altemaria altemata, Neonectria galligena, Neonectria ditissima, Altemaria citri, Guignardia citricarpa, Pythium sp., Botrytis cinerea, Monilinia fmcticola, Monilinia fmctigena, Monilinia laxa, Diaporthe amygdali, Taphrina deformans, Podosphaera clandestine, Podosphaera leucotricha, Sphaerotheca pannosa, Oidium leucoconium, Oidium sp., Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., Rhizopus arrhizus, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium oxyspomm, Venturia carpophila, Wilsonomyces carpophilus, Plasmopara viticola, Guignardia bidwellii, Elsinoe ampelina, Esca disease complex, Erysiphe necator, Botryotinia fuckeliana, Colletotrichum coccodes, Ralstonia solanacearum, Phytophthora infestans, Altemaria solani, Colletotrichum truncatum, Colletotrichum acutatum, Pseudocercospora musae, Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Cercospora zeae-maydis, Setosphaeria turcica, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, Cochliobolus carbonum, Ustilago maydis, Phialophora gregata, Gibberella zeae, Ustilago scitaminea, Helminthosporium sacchari, Puccinia sorghi, Hemileia vastatrix, Gibberella xylarioides, Septoria glycines, Phakopsora gossypii, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phlyctema vagabunda, Puccinia schedonnardi, Puccinia cacabata, Corynespora cassiicola, Ascochyta gossypiicola, Glomerella gossypii, Rhizoctonia solani, Pyricularia oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Ascochyta rabiei, Ascochyta pisi, Ascochyta fabae, Cercospora zonata, Uromyces vicia-fabae, Peronospora viciae, Fusarium sp., Fusarium virguliforme, Sclerotinia sp., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Peronospora destructor and Phytophthora sp.. ) A method of treating a crop against fungal pathogen infection comprising applying a composition comprising captan and water to the crop, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the composition is between 10 g a.i. / hL to 200 g a.i. / hL and the composition is applied at a rate between 200 g to 1000 g of the multisite fungicide per hectare. ) A method of treating a crop against fungal pathogen infection comprising applying a composition comprising multisite fungicide and water to the crop, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the composition is between 10 g a.i. / hL to 200 g a.i. / hL and the composition is applied at a rate between 200 g to 1000 g of the multisite fungicide per hectare, and wherein the multisite fungicide is other than captan. ) A low-volume aqueous composition comprising a multisite fungicide and water, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the low-volume aqueous composition is between 10 g a.i. / hL to 200 g a.i. / hL. ) The low-volume aqueous composition of statement 59, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the low-volume aqueous composition is 30-200 g a.i. / hL. ) The low-volume aqueous composition of statement 59 or 60, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the low-volume aqueous composition is 100-120 g a.i. / hL. ) The low-volume aqueous composition of any one of statements 59-61, wherein the low- volume aqueous composition is prepared for application at 100-750 L / ha. ) The low-volume aqueous composition of any one of statements 59-62, wherein the low- volume aqueous composition is prepared for application at about 350 L / ha.

Claims

Claims1) A method of addressing, treating, controlling, preventing or treating a fungal pathogen or infection caused thereby, in a Hectare of crops or locus thereof, comprising, a) adding to a tank in no particular order, i) concentrated composition comprising multisite fungicide, comprising no more than 600g of multisite fungicide compound, ii) optionally, non-active additives such as, adjuvant, thickening agent, sticking agent, dispersants, surfactant, anti-oxidation agent, compatibilizing agent, nutrient, fertilizer, anti-foaming agent, and thickener, iii) optionally, further pesticidal active ingredients such as herbicide, insecticide, and / or systemic fungicide, and iv) no more than 1500L of aqueous carrier, b) agitating or mixing the tank contents to obtain a homogenous one Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition, and c) spray applying the obtained one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition to the hectare of crop or locus thereof, wherein the multisite fungicide compound in the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix obtained in step e) is in the form of solid particles homogeneously dispersed in an aqueous carrier and wherein the concentrated composition of step a) is a solid or liquid comprising between about 10% to about 80% of solid particulate multisite fungicide by weight of the concentrated composition, and wherein the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix contains no more of the multisite fungicidal compound than the amount added in step a).3) The method of claim 1 wherein,(a) the crop is one or more of apple, grape, olive, almond, hops, and banana,(b) step a) comprises the addition of concentrated composition comprising phthalimide fungicide selected from solid or liquid compositions of dispersed particulate captan or folpet, comprising between, 300g and 500g of multisite fungicide compound,(c) step a) comprises the addition of solid concentrated composition comprising 800g / Kg solid particulate phthalimide fungicide selected from captan or folpet, and / or concentrated liquid suspension composition of 480 - 500g / L dispersed particulate captan or folpet, comprising between 300g and 500g of multisite fungicide compound,(d) step a) comprises the addition of water to the tank as the aqueous carrier,(e) the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix comprises,(i) between 300g ±10% to 500g±10% of multisite fungicide compound,(ii) a total volume selected from, a. between 250L ±10% and 500L ±10%; and b. between 300L ±10% and 1500L ±10%; and / or(iii) a concentration of solid particulate multi site fungicide compound in the aqueous carrier of,I. between 30g ±10% a.i. / hL and 170g ±10% a.i. / hL, orII. between 20g a.i. / hL and 200g a.i. / hL, and / or(f) additional pesticide selected from, herbicide compound; insecticide compound; systemic fungicide compound; and combinations thereof.3) A method of addressing, such as, treating, controlling, preventing, combatting a crop fungal pathogen, infestation or infection caused thereby, in a Hectare of crops or locus thereof, comprising, a) adding to a tank in no particular order, i) a concentrated composition comprising multisite fungicide, ii) optionally, non-active additives such as, adjuvant, thickening agent, sticking agent, dispersant, surfactant, anti-oxidation agent, compatibilizing agent, nutrient, fertilizer, anti-foaming agent, and thickener, iii) optionally, further pesticidal active ingredients such as herbicide, insecticide, and / or systemic fungicide, iv) aqueous carrier, to reach a total volume of between 250L and 1500L of tank liquid, b) agitating or mixing the tank contents to obtain a homogenous one Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition, and c) spray applying the obtained one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition to the hectare of crops or locus thereof,wherein the multisite fungicide compound in the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix obtained in step b) is in the form of solid particles homogeneously dispersed in an aqueous carrier at a concentration of,(iii) between 20g a.i. / hL and 200g a.i. / hL, or(iv) between 28g a.i. / hL and 170g a.i. / hL, wherein the concentrated composition of step a) comprises between about 10% to about 80% of solid particles of multisite fungicide by weight of the concentrated composition and the concentrated composition of step a) is a solid or liquid composition.4) The method of claim 3 wherein, a) the total volume of tank liquid is selected from, i) between 250L and 500L; and ii) between 300L and 1500L, and / or b) the multisite fungicide compound is dispersed in the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix aqueous carrier at a concentration of, between 42g ±10% a.i. / hL and 60g ±10% a.i. / hL, or between 100g ±10% a.i. / hL and 150g ±10% a.i. / hL.5) A method of addressing, treating, controlling, preventing or treating a fungal pathogen or infection caused thereby, in a Hectare of crops or locus thereof, comprising, a) adding to a tank in no particular order, i) a concentrated composition comprising multisite fungicide, ii) optionally, non-active additives such as, adjuvant, thickening agent, sticking agent, dispersant, surfactant, anti-oxidation agent, compatibilizing agent, nutrient, fertilizer, anti-foaming agent, and thickener, iii) optionally, further pesticidal active ingredients such as herbicide, insecticide, and / or systemic fungicide, iv) an aqueous carrier, to reach a concentration of multisite fungicide compound not exceeding 200g a.i. / hL of tank liquid, b) agitating or mixing the tank liquid contents to obtain a homogenous one Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition, and c) spray applying the obtained one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition to the hectare of crops or locus thereof,wherein the multisite fungicide compound in the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix obtained in step e) is a in the form of solid particles homogeneously dispersed in an aqueous carrier and the concentrated composition of step a) comprises between about 10% to about 80% of multisite fungicide by weight of the concentrated composition and the concentrated composition of step a) is a solid and / or liquid composition of solid particulate multisite fungicide compound and wherein the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix contains no more of the multisite fungicidal compound than the amount added in step a).6) A method of addressing, treating, controlling, preventing or treating a fungal pathogen or infection caused thereby, in a Hectare of crops or locus thereof, comprising, a) adding a concentrated composition comprising no more than 600g a.i. of multisite fungicide active ingredient to a tank, b) optionally, adding non-active additives such as, adjuvant, thickening agent, sticking agent, dispersants, surfactant, anti-oxidation agent, compatibilizing agent, nutrient, fertilizer, anti-foaming agent, and thickener, c) optionally, adding further pesticidal active ingredients such as herbicide, insecticide, and / or systemic fungicide, d) adding an aqueous carrier to the tank to reach a total volume not exceeding 600L of tank liquid, e) agitating or mixing the tank liquid contents to obtain a homogenous one Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition, and f) spray applying the obtained one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition to the hectare of crops or locus thereof, wherein the multisite fungicide compound in the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix obtained in step e) is a in the form of solid particles homogeneously dispersed in the aqueous carrier and the concentrated composition added in step a) comprises between about 10% to about 80% of multisite fungicide by weight of the concentrated composition and the concentrated composition of step a) is selected from, a suspension concentrate (SC); and a water dispersible granulate (WDG) and wherein the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix contains no more of the multisite fungicidal compound than the amount added in step a).7) The method of any one of claims 1 - 3 wherein the aqueous carrier is added to the tank in step d) to reach a total volume selected from, not exceeding 500L; not exceeding 400L; notexceeding 375L; and 350L ±10% of tank liquid.8) The method of any one of claims 1 - 3 wherein the tank liquid concentration of multisite fungicide of step d) is selected from, not exceeding 300g a.i. / hL; not exceeding 250g a.i. / hL; and not exceeding 20g a.i. / hL, and 150g a.i. / hL ±10%, of tank liquid.9) The method of any one of claims 1 - 3 wherein the tank liquid concentration of multisite fungicide of step d) is 42g a.i. / hL ±10%, 100 g a.i. / hL ±10%, 100 g a.i. / hL ±10%, or 150g a.i. / hL ±10%, and the total volume of the one Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition 350L ±10% of tank liquid of tank liquid.10) The method of any one of claims 1 - 9 wherein the spray mix composition is applied to the crop, a) employing optimized spraying programs and / or precision spraying equipment to reduce losses and wastage and ensure the maximal amount of the applied fungicidal multisite compound is fungicidally effectively applied to the crop and the environmental impact is minimized, and / or b) employing conventional atomizer in an optimized accurate spraying program, tower atomizer with air assisted nozzles, and / or electrostatic pneumatic sprayer equipment.11) A one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition, comprising, a) a concentrated composition comprising between about 10% to about 80% of multisite fungicide by weight of concentrated composition, b) optionally, non-active additives such as, adjuvant, thickening agent, sticking agent, dispersants, surfactant, organic solvent, anti-oxidation agent, compatibilizing agent, nutrient, fertilizer, anti-foaming agent, and thickener, c) optionally, further pesticidal active ingredients such as herbicide, insecticide, and / or systemic fungicide, and d) an aqueous carrier, wherein the total volume of the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition does not exceed 1500L g ±10%, and wherein the multisite fungicide compound in the one- Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix is between 300g ±10% to 500g ±10% in the form of solid particles homogeneously dispersed in the aqueous carrier and the concentrated composition of a) is selected from, a suspension concentrate (SC); and a water dispersiblegranulate (WDG) and wherein the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix contains no more of the multisite fungicidal spray mix than the amount comprising the concentrated composition of a).12) A one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition, comprising, a) a concentrated composition comprising between about 10% to about 80% of multisite fungicide by weight of concentrated composition, b) optionally, non-active additives such as, thickening agent, sticking agent, dispersants, surfactant, anti-oxidation agent, compatibilizing agent, nutrient, fertilizer, antifoaming agent, and thickener, c) optionally, further pesticidal active ingredients such as herbicide, insecticide, and / or systemic fungicide, and d) an aqueous carrier, wherein the concentration of multisite fungicide compound in the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition does not exceed 200g a.i. / hL, and wherein the multisite fungicide compound in the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix is in the form of solid particles homogeneously dispersed in the aqueous carrier and the concentrated composition of a) is selected from, a liquid and a solid concentrated dispersion composition of fungicide particles such as suspension concentrate (SC), or water dispersible granulate (WDG) and wherein the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix contains no more of the multisite fungicidal spray mix than the amount comprising the concentrated composition of a).13) A one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition, comprising, a) a concentrated composition comprising between about 10% to about 80% of multisite fungicide by weight of concentrated composition, b) optionally, non-active additives such as, thickening agent, sticking agent, dispersants, surfactant, anti-oxidation agent, compatibilizing agent, nutrient, fertilizer, antifoaming agent, and thickener, c) optionally, further pesticidal active ingredients such as herbicide, insecticide, and / or systemic fungicide, and d) an aqueous carrier, wherein the amount of multisite fungicide compound in the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix composition does not exceed 500g a.i. and wherein the multisite fungicide compound in the one-Hectare multisite fungicidal spray mix is in the form of solid particleshomogeneously dispersed in the aqueous carrier.14) A one hectare fungicidal spray mix composition comprising between 25 OL andl500L of, at least one concentrated multisite fungicide composition such as, phthalimide fungicide suspension concentrate, or water dispersible granulate, composition diluted in an aqueous carrier such as water, for addressing, controlling, treating, combatting, or preventing, infection, infestation, or diseases caused by fungal pathogen on agricultural crop or locus thereof, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the spray mix composition is selected from, a) 10g a.i. / hL ±10% to 200g a.i. / hL ±10%; b) 20g a.i. / hL ±10% to 190g a.i. / hL ±10%; c) 30g a.i. / hL ±10% to 180g a.i. / hL ±10%; d) 35g a.i. / hL ±10% to 140g a.i. / hL ±10%; e) 37.5g a.i. / hL ±10% to 130g a.i. / hL ±10%; f) 35g a.i. / hL ±10% to 135g a.i. / hL ±10%; g) 40g a.i. / hL ±10% to 125g a.i. / hL ±10%; h) 42g a.i. / hL ±10% to 120g a.i. / hL ±10%, such that the fungicidal spray mix composition delivers by spray application, between 200g ±10% to 600g ±10% of multisite fungicide such as solid particulate phthalimide fungicide, to a hectare of crop or locus thereof, and wherein the phthalimide fungicide compound where used, is selected from captan; folpet; and combinations thereof, optionally combined with additional fungicides and wherein the concentrated multisite fungicide composition comprises between about 10% to about 80% of solid particulate multisite fungicide such as solid particulate, Captan or Folpet, by weight of the concentrated composition, and the fungicidal spray mix composition is a dispersion of finely divided multisite fungicide particles in an aqueous carrier, such as water.15) The use of a spray mix composition comprising at least one multisite fungicide and an aqueous carrier such as water, for addressing, such as, controlling, treating, combating, or preventing, infection, infestation, or diseases caused by fungal pathogen on crop or locus thereof, wherein the amount of the fungicide used by application, per hectare is selected from, a) between 350± 10% to 850± 10% grams multisite fungicide per hectare (g a.i. / Ha); b) between 300±10% to 500±10% grams multisite fungicide per hectare (g a.i. / Ha); c) between 375± 10% to 700±10% grams multisite fungicide per hectare (g a.i. / Ha); d) between 400±10% to 650±10% grams multisite fungicide per hectare (g a.i. / Ha); ande) between 420±10% to 600±10% grams multisite fungicide per hectare (g a.i. / Ha); and the concentration of the multisite fungicide compound in the spray mix composition is selected from, xiii. between 10g±10% a.i. / hL and 200g ±10% a.i. / hL; xiv. between 20g±10% a.i. / hL and 200g ±10% a.i. / hL; xv. between 30g±10% a.i. / hL and 130g ±10% a.i. / hL; xvi. between 40g± 10% a.i. / hL and 125g ±10% a.i. / hL; xvii. 20g±10% a.i. / hL; xviii. 28g±10% a.i. / hL; xix. 42g±10% a.i. / hL; xx. 60g±10% a.i. / hL; xxi. 100g± 10% a.i. / hL; xxii. 150g± 10% a.i. / hL; xxiii. 170g± 10% a.i. / hL; xxiv. no more than 120g a.i. / hL, wherein the multisite fungicide compound in the spray mix composition is in the form of solid particles.16) The use of a spray mix composition comprising at least one multisite fungicide and aqueous carrier such as water, for addressing, such as, controlling, treating, combating, or preventing, infection, infestation, or diseases caused by fungal pathogen on crop or locus thereof, wherein the amount of the multisite fungicide used by application per hectare is between 375± 10% - 650±10% grams (g a.i. / Ha), multisite fungicide and the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the composition is between 25g a.i. / hL ±10% and 190g a.i. / hL ±10%.17) The use of a spray mix composition comprising at least one multisite fungicide and aqueous carrier such as water, for addressing, such as, controlling, treating, combating, or preventing, infection, infestation, or diseases caused by fungal pathogen on crop or locus thereof, wherein the amount of the multisite fungicide used by application per hectare is between 400±10% and 600±10% grams multisite fungicide (g a.i. / Ha), and the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the composition is between 28g a.i. / hL±10% and 170g a.i. / hL±10%.18) The use of a spray mix composition comprising at least one multisite fungicide and aqueous carrier such as water, for addressing, such as, controlling, treating, combating, or preventing, infection, infestation, or diseases caused by fungal pathogen on crop or locus thereof, whereinthe amount of the multisite fungicide used by application per hectare is between about 350g a.i. / Ha to about 700g a.i. / Ha multisite fungicide active ingredient and the concentration of multisite fungicide the composition is between 28g ±10% a.i. / hL - 200g ±10% a.i. / hL.19) The use of a spray mix composition comprising at least one multisite fungicide and aqueous carrier, for addressing, such as, controlling, treating, combating, or preventing infection, infestation, or diseases caused by fungal pathogen on crop or locus thereof, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the spray mix composition is between 10g a.i. / hL ±10% and 200g a.i. / hL ±10%, and the spray mix composition is applied at a rate to deliver between 200g ±10% to 600g ±10% of the multisite fungicide in the form of solid particles, per hectare of crop or locus thereof, and wherein the multisite fungicide compound is, optionally combined with additional fungicides.20) The use of a spray mix composition of any one of claims 16 - 19 wherein, a) the multisite fungicide comprises a phthalimide fungicide, b) the multisite fungicide comprises a concentrated phthalimide fungicide composition, c) the multisite fungicide comprises solid particulate phthalimide fungicide, d) the multisite fungicide comprises solid particulate captan fungicide, e) the multisite fungicide comprises solid particulate folpet fungicide, f) the multisite fungicide comprises solid particulate captan fungicide, g) the multisite fungicide comprises a concentrated suspension of solid particulate folpet, h) the multisite fungicide comprises a concentrated suspension of solid particulate captan, i) the multisite fungicide comprises a water dispersible folpet granulate, j) the multisite fungicide comprises a water dispersible captan granulate, k) the crop is selected from, apples; olives; bananas; almonds; and cereal crops, l) the volume of the spray mix composition applied in the use does not exceed lOhL per hectare of crop, m) the spray mix composition further comprises additional pesticidal compounds selected from, insecticide, herbicide; and systemic fungicides, and / or n) the spray mix composition further comprises non-pesticidal ingredients such as, additives selected from, adjuvants, nutrients, dispersants, surfactants, thickening agents, compatibilizers, anti-freeze agent, antimicrobial agents adjuvants, additives, nutrients, dispersants, surfactants, thickening agents, compatibilizers, anti-freeze agent, and antimicrobial agents.21) The use of any one of claims 16-20 wherein the fungicidal spray mix composition comprises a dispersion of phthalimide fungicide particles selected from Captan and Folpet particles in an aqueous carrier, such as water, wherein, a) the particle size distribution of the phthalimide fungicide compound primary particles is characterized by a D90 value selected from, i) between about 1 micron and about 40 microns (lpm±10% - 40pm±10%); ii) between about 3 microns and about 30 microns (3pm±10% - 30pm±10%); iii) between about 5 microns and about 25 microns (5pm±10% - 25pm±10%); iv) between about 8 microns and about 20 microns (8pm±10% - 20pm±10%); and v) between about 10 microns and about 16 microns (10pm±10% - 16pm±10%); or b) the particle size distribution of the phthalimide fungicide compound is characterized by a mean primary particle size (D50) of between about 0.7 microns and about 8 microns (0.7pm±10% - 8pm±10%).22) A fungicidal spray mix composition in a tank comprising at least one concentrated Captan suspension concentrate or water dispersible granulate, composition, diluted in an aqueous carrier such as water, for use in addressing, such as, controlling, treating, or preventing, and / or combatting, infection, infestation, or diseases caused by fungal pathogen on agricultural crop wherein the concentration of the Captan in the fungicidal spray mix composition is selected from, a) 10g a.i. / hL ±10% to 200g a.i. / hL ±10%; b) 20g a.i. / hL ±10% to 190g a.i. / hL ±10%; c) 28g a.i. / hL ±10% to 180g a.i. / hL ±10%; d) 35g a.i. / hL ±10% to 140g a.i. / hL ±10%; e) 37.5g a.i. / hL ±10% to 130g a.i. / hL ±10%; f) 35g a.i. / hL ±10% to 135g a.i. / hL ±10%; g) 40g a.i. / hL ±10% to 125g a.i. / hL ±10%; h) 42g a.i. / hL ±10% to 120g a.i. / hL ±10%; and wherein, the volume of the fungicidal spray mix composition in the tank is sufficient to deliver between 200g ±10% to 600g ±10% of solid particulate Captan fungicide per hectare (g a.i. / Ha), of crop such as apple trees, olive trees, banana plants, or almond trees, or locus thereof when between 300 and WOOL of the fungicidal spray mix composition is applied by spray, and wherein the fungicidal spray mix composition comprises dispersed solid particulate captanoptionally combined with additional, pesticide compound selected from herbicide; insecticide; and systemic fungicide, and / or the fungicidal spray mix composition comprises, adjuvant, additive, nutrient, dispersant, surfactant, thickening agent, compatibilizer, anti-freeze agent, and / or antimicrobial agent.23) A fungicidal spray mix composition in a tank comprising at least one concentrated Folpet suspension concentrate or water dispersible granulate, composition, diluted in an aqueous carrier such as water, for use in addressing, such as, controlling, treating, or preventing, and / or combatting, infection, infestation, or diseases caused by fungal pathogen on agricultural crop wherein the concentration of the Folpet in the fungicidal spray mix composition is selected from, a) 10g a.i. / hL ±10% to 200g a.i. / hL ±10%; b) 20g a.i. / hL ±10% to 190g a.i. / hL ±10%; c) 28g a.i. / hL ±10% to 180g a.i. / hL ±10%; d) 35g a.i. / hL ±10% to 140g a.i. / hL ±10%; e) 37.5g a.i. / hL ±10% to 130g a.i. / hL ±10%; f) 35g a.i. / hL ±10% to 135g a.i. / hL ±10%; g) 40g a.i. / hL ±10% to 125g a.i. / hL ±10%; h) 42g a.i. / hL ±10% to 120g a.i. / hL ±10%; and i) 50g a.i. / hL ±10% to 142g a.i. / hL ±10%, and wherein, the volume of the fungicidal spray mix composition in the tank is sufficient to deliver between 200g ±10% to 600g ±10% of solid particulate Folpet fungicide per hectare (g a.i. / Ha), of crop such as apple trees, olive trees, banana plants, or almond trees, or locus thereof when between 300 and WOOL of the fungicidal spray mix composition is applied by spray, and wherein the fungicidal spray mix composition comprises dispersed solid particulate folpet optionally combined with additional, pesticide compound selected from herbicide; insecticide; and systemic fungicide, and / or the fungicidal spray mix composition comprises, adjuvant, additive, nutrient, dispersant, surfactant, thickening agent, compatibilizer, anti-freeze agent, and / or antimicrobial agent.24) The fungicidal spray mix composition in a tank of claim 22 or claim 23, wherein the concentrated Folpet composition or the concentrated captan composition comprises between about 10% to about 80% of solid particulate Captan fungicide compound or of solid particulate Folpet fungicide compound by weight of the concentrated composition, and the fungicidal spraymix composition is a homogeneous dispersion of finely divided Captan or folpet particles in an aqueous carrier, such as water, wherein, the primary particle size distribution of the Captan or Folpet particles is characterized by a D90 value selected from, i) between about 1 micron and about 40 microns (lpm±10% - 40pm±10%); ii) between about 3 microns and about 30 microns (3pm±10% - 30pm±10%); iii) between about 5 microns and about 25 microns (5pm±10% - 25pm±10%); iv) between about 8 microns and about 20 microns (8pm±10% - 20pm±10%); v) between about 10 microns and about 16 microns (10pm±10% - 16pm±10%), and / or a mean primary particle size (D50) of between about 0.7 microns and about 8 microns (0.7pm±10% - 8pm±10%).25) A method of treating a crop against fungal pathogen infection comprising applying a composition comprising multisite fungicide and water to the crop, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the composition is between 10 g a.i. / hL ±10% to 200 g a.i. / hL ±10%, and the composition is applied at a rate between 200g ±10% to 600g ±10% of the multisite fungicide compound per hectare.26) The method of claim 1, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the composition is 28 - 170g a.i. / hL.27) The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the composition is 42 - 120 g a.i. / hL.28) The method of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the composition is applied at a rate between 250g to 500g of the multisite fungicide per hectare.29) The method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the composition is applied at a rate between 350g to 420g of the multisite fungicide per hectare.30) The method of any one of claims 25-29, wherein the composition is applied at 250L / ha - 1500L / ha.31) The method of any one of claims 25-29, wherein the composition is applied at about350L / ha.32) The method of any one of claims 25-30, wherein the multisite fungicide is selected from the group consisting of thiocarbamate, maleimide, quinoxalines, quinones, triazines, bisguanidines, sulfamides, chloronitriles, dithio-carbamates, inorganic fungicide, phthalimide fungicide and any combination thereof.33) The method of any one of claims 25-31, wherein the multisite fungicide is a phthalimide fungicide.34) The method of any one of claims 29-32, wherein the phthalimide fungicide is captan.35) The method of any one of claims 25-32, wherein the phthalimide fungicide is folpet.36) The method of any one of claims 25-32, wherein the multisite fungicide is sulfur or copper.37) The method of any one of claims 25-36, wherein, a) the crop is one or mor of apples, almonds, olives, grapes, bananas; and hops, or b) the crop is selected from the group consisting of cereal, sugar beet, olive, pome fruits crops (comprising but not limiting to apple, pear), citrus, Prunus genus crops (comprising but not limiting to cherry, peach, apricot, plum), grape, banana, mango, papaya, avocado, litchi, cocoa, chili, onion, potato, com, sugarcane, sorghum, coffee, cotton, rice, pulses and fresh legumes (comprising but not limiting to chickpea, pea, bean, broad bean, fava bean), oil seed rape (OSR) and soybean. In some embodiments, crop (A) is selected from group consisting of cereal, sugar beet, olive, apple, citrus, cherry, banana, mango, papaya, pitaya, avocado, dragon fruit, guava, longan, litchi, durian, passion fruit, rambutan, mangosteen, cocoa, chili, onion, com, sugarcane, sorghum, coffee, cotton, rice, pulses, chickpea, pea, broad bean, fava bean, oil seed rape (OSR), soybean, and any combination thereof.38) The method of any one of claims 25-37, wherein the fungal pathogen (I) is selected from group consisting of Zymoseptoria tritici, Mycosphaerella graminicola, Rynchosporium secalis, Ramularia collo cygni, Puccinia recondita, Puccinia striiformis, Fusarium ear blight (comprising Fusarium gramineamm, Fusarium culmomm, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium poae, Fusarium langsethiae, Microdochium nivale), Cercospora beticola, Cercospora sojina, Cercospora kikuchii. Ramularia beticola, Venturia oleagina, Colletotrichumgloeosporioides, Colletotrichum sp., Venturia inaequalis, Venturia pirina, Stemphylium vesicarium , Altemaria sp., Altemaria altemata, Neonectria galligena, Neonectria ditissima, Altemaria citri, Guignardia citricarpa, Pythium sp., Botrytis cinerea, Monilinia fructicola, Monilinia fructigena, Monilinia laxa, Diaporthe amygdali, Taphrina deformans, Podosphaera clandestine, Podosphaera leucotricha, Sphaerotheca pannosa, Oidium leucoconium, Oidium sp., Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., Rhizopus arrhizus, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium oxysporum, Venturia carpophila, Wilsonomyces carpophilus, Plasmopara viticola, Guignardia bidwellii, Elsinoe ampelina, Esca disease complex, Erysiphe necator, Botryotinia fuckeliana, Colletotrichum coccodes, Ralstonia solanacearum, Phytophthora infestans, Altemaria solani, Colletotrichum truncatum, Colletotrichum acutatum, Pseudocercospora musae, Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Cercospora zeae-maydis, Setosphaeria turcica, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, Cochliobolus carbonum, Ustilago maydis, Phialophora gregata, Gibberella zeae, Ustilago scitaminea, Helminthosporium sacchari, Puccinia sorghi, Hemileia vastatrix, Gibberella xylarioides, Septoria glycines, Phakopsora gossypii, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phlyctema vagabunda, Puccinia schedonnardi, Puccinia cacabata, Corynespora cassiicola, Ascochyta gossypiicola, Glomerella gossypii, Rhizoctonia solani, Pyricularia oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Ascochyta rabiei, Ascochyta pisi, Ascochyta fabae, Cercospora zonata, Uromyces vicia-fabae, Peronospora viciae, Fusarium sp., Fusarium virguliforme, Sclerotinia sp., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Peronospora destructor and Phytophthora sp..39) A method of treating a crop against fungal pathogen infection comprising applying a composition comprising captan and water to the crop, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the composition is between 10 g a.i. / hL to 200 g a.i. / hL and the composition is applied at a rate between 200 g to 650 g of the multisite fungicide per hectare.40) A method of treating a crop against fungal pathogen infection comprising applying a composition comprising multisite fungicide and water to the crop, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the composition is between 10 g a.i. / hL to 200 g a.i. / hL and the composition is applied at a rate between 200 g to 800g of the multisite fungicide per hectare, and wherein the multisite fungicide is other than captan.41) A low-volume aqueous composition comprising a finely divided solid particulate multisitefungicide and water, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the low-volume aqueous composition is between 10 g a.i. / hL to 200 g a.i. / hL.42) The low-volume aqueous composition of claim 41, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the low-volume aqueous composition is about 28-170g a.i. / hL.43) The low-volume aqueous composition of claim 41 or 42, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the low-volume aqueous composition is 100-150g a.i. / hL.44) The low-volume aqueous composition of any one of claims 41 or 42, wherein the low- volume aqueous composition is prepared for application at 250 - 500L / ha.45) The low-volume aqueous composition of any one of claims 41 - 44, wherein the low-volume aqueous composition is prepared for application at about 350 L / ha.46) A method of addressing, treating, controlling, or protecting a crop from a crop fungal pathogen, the method comprising applying a spray mix composition comprising solid particles of a phthalimide fungicide compound dispersed in an aqueous carrier to a crop or locus thereof, wherein the concentration of the solid particulate phthalimide fungicide in the spray mix composition is between 10g a.i. / hL ±10% to 200g a.i. / hL and the spray mix composition is applied at a rate to deliver between 200g ±10% to 1000g ±10% of the solid particulate phthalimide fungicide per hectare of crop or locus thereof, and wherein the phthalimide fungicide compound is selected from captan; folpet; and combinations thereof, optionally combined with additional fungicides.47) The method of claim 46, wherein the concentration of the phthalimide fungicide in the spray mix composition is, a) between 30g a.i. / hL ±10% and ±10% - 200g a.i. / hL, b) between 50g a.i. / hL ±10% and 150g a.i. / hL, or c) between 100g a.i. / hL ±10% and 120 g a.i. / hL ±10%, and wherein no more than 500g a.i. / Ha of the solid particulate phthalimide is applied from the spray mix composition to the crop or the locus thereof.48) The method of claim 46, wherein the concentration of the phthalimide fungicide in thecomposition is, a) between 30g a.i. / hL ±10% and ±10% - 200g a.i. / hL, b) between 50g a.i. / hL ±10% and 150g a.i. / hL, or c) between 100g a.i. / hL ±10% and 120 g a.i. / hL ±10%, and wherein no more than 600L of the solid particulate phthalimide is applied from the composition.49) The method of any one of claims 46-48, wherein the composition is applied at a rate between 350 g to 420 g of the multisite fungicide per hectare.50) The method of any one of claims 46-49, wherein the composition is applied at 100-750 L / ha.51) The method of any one of claims 46-50, wherein the composition is applied at about 350 L / ha.52) The method of any one of claims 46-50, wherein the multisite fungicide is selected from the group consisting of thiocarbamate, maleimide, quinoxalines, quinones, triazines, bisguanidines, sulfamides, chloronitriles, dithio-carbamates, inorganic fungicide, phthalimide fungicide and any combination thereof.53) The method of any one of claims 46-52, wherein the multisite fungicide is a phthalimide fungicide.54) The method of any one of claims 46-52, wherein the multisite fungicide is sulfur or copper.55) The method of any one of claims 46-54, wherein the crop is selected from the group consisting of cereal, sugar beet, olive, pome fruits crops (comprising but not limiting to apple, pear), citrus, Prunus genus crops (comprising but not limiting to cherry, peach, apricot, plum), grape, banana, mango, papaya, avocado, litchi, cocoa, chili, onion, potato, com, sugarcane, sorghum, coffee, cotton, rice, pulses and fresh legumes (comprising but not limiting to chickpea, pea, bean, broad bean, fava bean), oil seed rape (OSR) and soybean. In some embodiments, crop (A) is selected from group consisting of cereal, sugar beet, olive, apple, citrus, cherry, banana, mango, papaya, pitaya, avocado, dragon fruit, guava, longan, litchi, durian, passion fruit, rambutan, mangosteen, cocoa, chili, onion, com, sugarcane,sorghum, coffee, coton, rice, pulses, chickpea, pea, broad bean, fava bean, oil seed rape (OSR), soybean, and any combination thereof.56) The method of any one of claims 46-55, wherein the fungal pathogen (I) is selected from group consisting of Zymoseptoria tritici, Mycosphaerella graminicola, Rynchosporium secalis, Ramularia collo cygni, Puccinia recondita, Puccinia striiformis, Fusarium ear blight (comprising Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium poae, Fusarium langsethiae, Microdochium nivale), Cercospora beticola, Cercospora sojina, Cercospora kikuchii. Ramularia beticola, Venturia oleagina, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum sp., Venturia inaequalis, Venturia pirina, Stemphylium vesicarium , Altemaria sp., Altemaria altemata, Neonectria galligena, Neonectria ditissima, Altemaria citri, Guignardia citricarpa, Pythium sp., Botrytis cinerea, Monilinia fructicola, Monilinia fructigena, Monilinia laxa, Diaporthe amygdali, Taphrina deformans, Podosphaera clandestine, Podosphaera leucotricha, Sphaerotheca pannosa, Oidium leucoconium, Oidium sp., Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., Rhizopus arrhizus, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium oxysporum, Venturia carpophila, Wilsonomyces carpophilus, Plasmopara viticola, Guignardia bidwellii, Elsinoe ampelina, Esca disease complex, Erysiphe necator, Botryotinia fuckeliana, Colletotrichum coccodes, Ralstonia solanacearum, Phytophthora infestans, Altemaria solani, Colletotrichum truncatum, Colletotrichum acutatum, Pseudocercospora musae, Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Cercospora zeae-maydis, Setosphaeria turcica, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, Cochliobolus carbonum, Ustilago maydis, Phialophora gregata, Gibberella zeae, Ustilago scitaminea, Helminthosporium sacchari, Puccinia sorghi, Hemileia vastatrix, Gibberella xylarioides, Septoria glycines, Phakopsora gossypii, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phlyctema vagabunda, Puccinia schedonnardi, Puccinia cacabata, Corynespora cassiicola, Ascochyta gossypiicola, Glomerella gossypii, Rhizoctonia solani, Pyricularia oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Ascochyta rabiei, Ascochyta pisi, Ascochyta fabae, Cercospora zonata, Uromyces vicia-fabae, Peronospora viciae, Fusarium sp., Fusarium virguliforme, Sclerotinia sp., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Peronospora destructor and Phytophthora sp..57) A method of treating a crop against fungal pathogen infection comprising applying a composition comprising captan and water to the crop, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the composition is between 10 g a.i. / hL to 200 g a.i. / hL and the composition is applied at a rate between 200 g to 1000 g of the multisite fungicide perhectare.58) A method of treating a crop against fungal pathogen infection comprising applying a composition comprising multisite fungicide and water to the crop, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the composition is between 10 g a.i. / hL to 200 g a.i. / hL and the composition is applied at a rate between 200 g to 1000 g of the multisite fungicide per hectare, and wherein the multisite fungicide is other than captan.59) A low-volume aqueous composition comprising a multisite fungicide and water, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the low-volume aqueous composition is between 10 g a.i. / hL to 200 g a.i. / hL.60) The low-volume aqueous composition of claim 59, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the low-volume aqueous composition is 30-200 g a.i. / hL.61) The low-volume aqueous composition of claim 59 or 60, wherein the concentration of the multisite fungicide in the low-volume aqueous composition is 100-120 g a.i. / hL.62) The low-volume aqueous composition of any one of claims 59-61, wherein the low-volume aqueous composition is prepared for application at 100-750 L / ha.63) The low-volume aqueous composition of any one of claims 59-62, wherein the low-volume aqueous composition is prepared for application at about 350 L / ha.

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