Method, user equipment, processing device, and storage medium for transmitting sensing information, and method and base station for receiving sensing information

Abstract

This UE may: receive a sensing-related configuration; receive a downlink signal for sensing on the basis of the sensing-related configuration; acquire sensing information on the basis of the downlink signal; map the sensing information to a PUSCH resource; and transmit the sensing information on the PUSCH resource, wherein the sensing information may include first type sensing information and second type sensing information.

Description

Method for transmitting sensing information, user device, processing device and storage medium, and method for receiving sensing information and base station

[0001] This specification relates to wireless communication systems.

[0002] Wireless communication systems utilize various technologies, including LTE, LTE-Advanced, and WiFi, and 5G is included. The three main usage scenarios for 5G include (1) Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), (2) Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC), and (3) Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC). Some use cases may require optimization across multiple areas, while others may focus on just a single Key Performance Indicator (KPI). 5G supports these diverse use cases in a flexible and reliable manner.

[0003] Recently, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) technology has been discussed, which integrates sensing into communication networks, allowing the network to use its wireless signals to act like a radar sensor to sense and understand the physical world in which it operates.

[0004] This specification provides a method and device for feeding back sensing information acquired using a downlink wireless signal.

[0005] The technical tasks that this specification aims to achieve are not limited to the technical tasks mentioned above, and other technical tasks that are not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art related to this specification from the detailed description below.

[0006] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method for a user device to transmit sensing information in a wireless communication system is provided. In another aspect of the present disclosure, a user device is provided, comprising: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations. In another aspect of the present disclosure, a processing device is provided, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations. In another aspect of the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, storing at least one program code comprising instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations. In another aspect of the present disclosure, a method for a base station to receive sensing information in a wireless communication system is provided. In another aspect of the present disclosure, a method for a base station to receive sensing information is provided, comprising: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; A base station is provided, comprising at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations.

[0007] In each aspect of the present specification, the method in the user device, or the operations of the user device, the processing device, or the storage medium include: receiving a sensing-related setting; receiving a downlink signal for sensing based on the sensing-related setting; obtaining sensing information based on the downlink signal for sensing; and mapping the sensing information onto a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resource; and transmitting the sensing information on the PUSCH resource, wherein the sensing information may be at least first type sensing information or second type sensing information.

[0008] In each aspect of the present specification, the method in the base station, or the operations of the base station, include: transmitting a sensing-related setting; transmitting a downlink signal for sensing based on the sensing-related setting; and receiving sensing information related to the downlink signal for sensing on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resource, wherein the sensing information may be at least first type sensing information or second type sensing information.

[0009] In each aspect of the present specification, based on the sensing information being the first type sensing information, the sensing information may be added to hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) information. Based on the size of the sensing information and the HARQ-ACK information being less than or equal to a predefined value, the sensing information and the HARQ-ACK information may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource through puncturing. Based on the size of the sensing information and the HARQ-ACK information being greater than the predefined value, the sensing information and the HARQ-ACK information may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource through rate matching.

[0010] In each aspect of the present specification, based on the sensing information being the first type sensing information and the PUSCH resource including a plurality of non-consecutive orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols for a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), the sensing information may be mapped to the last OFDM symbol among the plurality of non-consecutive OFDM symbols.

[0011] In each aspect of the present specification, based on the sensing information being the first type sensing information and the PUSCH resource including a single orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a single set of consecutive OFDM symbols for a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), the sensing information may be mapped to an OFDM symbol following an OFDM symbol to which hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) information is mapped.

[0012] In each aspect of the present specification, based on the sensing information being the first type of sensing information, the sensing information may be added to channel state information (CSI). The sensing information and the CSI may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource with a lower priority than hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) information and a higher priority than uplink data.

[0013] In each aspect of this specification, the CSI may be CSI Part 1.

[0014] In each aspect of this specification, the CSI may be CSI Part 2.

[0015] In each aspect of the present specification, based on the sensing information being the first type sensing information, the sensing information may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource after channel state information (CSI) is mapped, and based on the number of bits of hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) information mapped onto the PUSCH resource being less than or equal to a predefined value, the sensing information may be mapped to resource elements excluding resource elements reserved for HARQ-ACK transmission.

[0016] In each aspect of the present specification, the sensing-related configuration may include a first channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) configuration for measuring the second type of sensing information. Based on the first CSI-RS configuration being identical to a second CSI-RS configuration for measuring channel state information (CSI), the second type of sensing information may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource as the sensing information.

[0017] In each aspect of this specification, based on the first CSI-RS configuration being identical to the second CSI-RS configuration, no CSI may be mapped on the PUSCH resource.

[0018] In each aspect of this specification, the second type sensing information may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource with the next priority after hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) information.

[0019] In each aspect of this specification, based on the difference between the first CSI-RS configuration and the second CSI-RS configuration, the second type sensing information and the CSI can be mapped onto the PUSCH resource.

[0020] In each aspect of this specification, the second type sensing information may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource after the CSI is mapped.

[0021] In each aspect of the present specification, the sensing-related settings may include settings related to a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for measuring the second type sensing information.

[0022] According to each aspect of the present specification, the method in the user equipment, or the operations of the user equipment, the processing device, or the storage medium may include: receiving a channel state information (CSI) reporting configuration; receiving a sensing information transmission command including a configuration bit. Based on the configuration bit being a first value, the second type sensing information may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource without CSI, and based on the configuration bit being a second value, the second type information may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource together with the CSI.

[0023] In each aspect of the present specification, the method in the base station or the operations of the base station may include: transmitting a channel state information (CSI) reporting configuration; transmitting a sensing information transmission command including a configuration bit. Based on the configuration bit having a first value, the second type sensing information may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource without CSI, and based on the configuration bit having a second value, the second type information may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource together with the CSI.

[0024] The above problem solving means are only some of the examples of this specification, and various examples reflecting the technical features of this specification can be derived and understood by a person having ordinary knowledge in the relevant technical field based on the detailed description below.

[0025] According to some implementations of this specification, sensing information acquired using downlink signals can be efficiently provided over an uplink wireless channel.

[0026] The effects according to this specification are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art related to this specification from the detailed description below.

[0027] To aid in understanding implementations of this specification, the accompanying drawings, which are included as part of the detailed description, provide examples of implementations of this specification and, together with the detailed description, illustrate implementations of this specification:

[0028] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating examples of communication devices capable of performing a method according to the present specification;

[0029] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a frame structure available in a 3GPP-based wireless communication system;

[0030] Figure 3 illustrates a resource grid of slots;

[0031] Figure 4 illustrates multi-beam operation in a 3GPP-based system;

[0032] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of transmitting SS / PBCH blocks (SSB) on a cell;

[0033] Figure 6 illustrates types of sensing;

[0034] FIG. 7 illustrates some of the use cases of integrated sensing and communication (ISAC);

[0035] FIG. 8 illustrates enabled networked sensing in a centralized radio access network (C-RAN);

[0036] FIG. 9 illustrates a transmission / reception flow of a sensing signal according to some implementations of the present specification;

[0037] FIGS. 10 to 14 illustrate examples of mapping a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) and uplink control information (UCI) to resource blocks;

[0038] FIGS. 15 to 20 illustrate examples of mapping target detection information (TDI) according to some implementations of the present specification;

[0039] Figures 21 and 22 illustrate examples of mapping estimated sensing channel information (ESCI) according to some implementations of the present specification.

[0040] Hereinafter, implementations according to this specification will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. The detailed description provided below, together with the attached drawings, is intended to describe exemplary implementations of this specification and is not intended to represent the only possible implementations of this specification. The detailed description below includes specific details to provide a thorough understanding of this specification. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that this specification may be practiced without these specific details.

[0041] In some cases, to avoid ambiguity in the concepts of this specification, known structures and devices may be omitted or illustrated in block diagram form focusing on the core functions of each structure and device. Furthermore, identical components are described using the same drawing reference numerals throughout this specification.

[0042] The techniques, devices, and systems described below can be applied to various wireless multiple access systems.

[0043] For convenience of explanation, the following description is based on a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)-based communication system. However, the technical features of this specification are not limited thereto. For example, although the detailed description below is based on 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) LTE or 5G technology, some implementations of this specification are applicable to any other mobile communication system and systems to be introduced in the future (e.g., 6G), except for those specific to 3GPP LTE / 5G.

[0044] For terms and technologies used in this specification that are not specifically explained, refer to 3GPP-based standard documents, for example, 3GPP TS 23.304, 3GPP TS 23.285, 3GPP TS 23.287, 3GPP TS 24.587, 3GPP TS 36.211, 3GPP TS 36.212, 3GPP TS 36.213, 3GPP TS 36.300, 3GPP TS 36.321, 3GPP 36.322, 3GPP TS 36.323, 3GPP TS and 3GPP TS 36.331, 3GPP TS 37.213, 3GPP TS 38.211, 3GPP TS 38.212, 3GPP TS 38.213, 3GPP TS 38.214, 3GPP TS 38.300, 3GPP TS 38.321, 3GPP TS 38.322, 3GPP TS 38.323, and 3GPP TS 38.331.

[0045] In the examples of this specification described below, the expression "assumes" that a device "assumes" that the entity transmitting the channel transmits the channel in a manner consistent with the "assume." The entity receiving the channel may mean that, under the assumption that the channel was transmitted in a manner consistent with the "assume," the entity receiving the channel receives or decodes the channel in a manner consistent with the "assume."

[0046] In this specification, UE may be fixed or mobile, and includes various devices that communicate with a BS (base station, BS) to transmit and / or receive user data and / or various control information. UE may be referred to as (Terminal Equipment), MS (Mobile Station), MT (Mobile Terminal), UT (User Terminal), etc. In addition, in this specification, BS generally refers to a fixed station that communicates with UE and / or other BSs, and exchanges various data and control information by communicating with UE and other BSs. BS may be referred to by other terms such as ABS (Advanced Base Station), NB (Node-B), eNB (evolved-NodeB), gNB, BTS (Base Transceiver System), Access Point, PS (Processing Server), etc. For convenience of explanation, base stations are collectively referred to as BSs regardless of the type or version of communication technology.

[0047] In this specification, a node refers to a fixed point capable of transmitting and receiving wireless signals by communicating with a UE. Various types of BSs can be used as nodes, regardless of their designation. Each node is equipped with at least one antenna. The antenna may refer to a physical antenna, an antenna port, a virtual antenna, or an antenna group. A node is also called a point or a transmission and reception point (TRP).

[0048] Meanwhile, 3GPP-based communication systems use the concept of cells to manage wireless resources. Cells associated with wireless resources are distinct from cells within a geographic area. A "cell" within a geographic area can be understood as the coverage within which a node can provide services using a carrier, while a "cell" within a wireless resource is associated with a bandwidth (BW), which is the frequency range configured by the carrier. Downlink coverage, the range within which a node can transmit valid signals, and uplink coverage, the range within which a node can receive valid signals from a UE, depend on the carrier carrying the signals. Therefore, the coverage of a node is often associated with the coverage of the "cell" within which the wireless resources are used. Therefore, the term "cell" can sometimes refer to the coverage of a service provided by a node, sometimes to a wireless resource, and sometimes to the range within which a signal using the wireless resource can reach with effective intensity.

[0049] A "cell" associated with wireless resources can be defined as a combination of downlink resources (DL resources) and uplink resources (UL resources), i.e., a combination of a DL component carrier (CC) and an UL CC. A cell can be configured with only DL resources or a combination of DL resources and UL resources. When carrier aggregation is supported, the linkage between the carrier frequency of the DL resources (or DL ​​CC) and the carrier frequency of the UL resources (or UL CC) can be indicated by system information. Here, the carrier frequency can be the same as or different from the center frequency of each cell or CC.

[0050] In a wireless communication system, a UE receives information from a base station (BS) via the downlink (DL), and the UE transmits information to the base station via the uplink (UL). The information transmitted and / or received by the BS and UE includes data and various control information, and various physical channels exist depending on the type and purpose of the information they transmit and / or receive.

[0051] 3GPP-based communication standards define downlink physical channels corresponding to resource elements that carry information originating from higher layers, and downlink physical signals corresponding to resource elements that are used by the physical layer but do not carry information originating from higher layers. For example, the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), physical broadcast channel (PBCH), and physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) are defined as downlink physical channels, and reference signals and synchronization signals are defined as downlink physical signals. A reference signal (RS), also referred to as a pilot, refers to a signal with a predefined special waveform that is known to the BS and UE. For example, the demodulation reference signal (DMRS) and the channel state information RS (CSI-RS) are defined as downlink reference signals. 3GPP-based communication standards define uplink physical channels corresponding to resource elements that carry information originating from higher layers, and uplink physical signals corresponding to resource elements that are used by the physical layer but do not carry information originating from higher layers.For example, a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), and a physical random access channel (PRACH) are defined as uplink physical channels, and a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for uplink control / data signals and a sounding reference signal (SRS) used for uplink channel measurement are defined.

[0052] In this specification, PDCCH refers to a set of time-frequency resources (e.g., resource elements (REs)) that carry downlink control information (DCI), and PDSCH refers to a set of time-frequency resources that carry downlink data. In addition, PUCCH, PUSCH, and PRACH refer to sets of time-frequency resources that carry uplink control information (UCI), uplink data, and random access preamble, respectively (respectively). Hereinafter, the expression that a UE / BS transmits / receives a PUCCH / PUSCH / PRACH is used with the same meaning as that UCI / uplink data / random access preamble are transmitted / received on or through the PUCCH / PUSCH / PRACH, respectively. Additionally, the expression that BS / UE transmits / receives PBCH / PDCCH / PDSCH is used with the same meaning as transmitting / receiving broadcast information / DCI / downlink data on or through PBCH / PDCCH / PDSCH, respectively.

[0053] In this specification, radio resources (e.g., time-frequency resources) scheduled or configured by the BS to the UE for transmission or reception of PUCCH / PUSCH / PDSCH are also referred to as PUCCH / PUSCH / PDSCH resources.

[0054] Since a communication device receives physical channels and / or physical signals in the form of radio signals on a cell, it cannot selectively receive only radio signals containing only a specific physical channel or a specific physical signal through a radio frequency (RF) receiver, nor can it selectively receive only radio signals excluding only a specific physical channel or a specific physical signal through an RF receiver. In actual operation, the communication device first receives radio signals on a cell through an RF receiver, converts the radio signals, which are RF band signals, into baseband signals, and decodes the physical signals and / or physical channels within the baseband signals using one or more processors. Therefore, in some implementations of the present specification, not receiving a physical signal and / or a physical channel may not actually mean that the communication device does not receive radio signals containing the physical signal and / or physical channel, but rather does not attempt to recover the physical signal and / or physical channel from the radio signals, for example, does not attempt to decode the physical signal and / or the physical channel.

[0055] The communication system applicable to this specification includes a wireless device, a base station (BS), and a network. Here, a wireless device may refer to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (e.g., E-UTRA), WiFi, and 6G to be introduced in the future).

[0056] Although not limited thereto, wireless devices may include robots, vehicles, XR (eXtended Reality) devices, handheld devices, home appliances, IoT (Internet of Things) devices, and AI devices / servers. For example, BSs and networks may also be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device may act as a BS / network node to other wireless devices.

[0057] Wireless devices can connect to a network via a base station (BS). Wireless devices can incorporate artificial intelligence (AI) technology, and can connect to AI servers via the network. Wireless devices can communicate with each other via the base station / network, but they can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network.

[0058] Wireless communication / connection can be established between a wireless device and a BS, between BSs, and / or between wireless devices. Here, the wireless communication / connection can be uplink / downlink communication (UL / DL) and sidelink communication (SL) (or D2D communication) through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR). Through the wireless communication / connection (UL / DL, SL), the wireless device and the BS / wireless device can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of this specification.

[0059] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating examples of communication devices capable of performing a method according to the present specification. Referring to FIG. 1, a first wireless device (100) and a second wireless device (200) can transmit and / or receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies. Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} may be wireless devices included in a communication system.

[0060] Each of the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (102, 202) and one or more memories (104, 204), and may further include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processors (102, 202) control the memories (104, 204) and / or the transceivers (106, 206), and may be configured to implement the functions, procedures, and / or methods described / suggested below. For example, the processors (102, 202) may process information in the memories (104, 204) to generate first information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signals via the transceivers (106, 206). In addition, the processor (102, 202) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal through the transceiver (106, 206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104, 204). The memory (104, 204) may be connected to the processor (102, 202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102, 202). For example, the memory (104, 204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102, 202), or store software code including commands for performing the procedures and / or methods described / proposed below. Here, the processor (102, 202) and the memory (104, 204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology. A transceiver (106, 206) may be connected to a processor (102, 202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108, 208). The transceiver (106, 206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver.

[0061] Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as a physical (PHY) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more protocol data units (PDUs) and / or one or more service data units (SDUs) in accordance with the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this specification. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed in this specification. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed in this specification, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed in this specification.

[0062] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this specification may be included in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this specification may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0063] One or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0064] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit / receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., referred to in the methods and / or flowcharts of this specification, to / from one or more other devices. Furthermore, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit / receive user data, control information, or wireless signals to / from one or more other devices. Furthermore, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and / or receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., referred to in the functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of this specification, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this specification, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202). One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert processed user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors (102, 202). For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or a filter.

[0065] In this specification, at least one memory (104, 204) can store instructions or programs, which, when executed, cause at least one processor (102, 202) operably connected to the at least one memory to perform operations according to some embodiments or implementations of the present specification.

[0066] In this specification, a computer-readable (non-transitory) storage medium can store at least one instruction or computer program, which when executed by at least one processor causes the at least one processor to perform operations according to some embodiments or implementations of the present specification.

[0067] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a frame structure available in a 3GPP-based wireless communication system.

[0068] The structure of the frame in Fig. 2 is only an example, and the number of subframes, the number of slots, and the number of symbols in the frame can be varied. In some wireless communication systems, OFDM numerologies (e.g., subcarrier spacing (SCS)) may be set differently between multiple cells aggregated to a single UE. Accordingly, the (absolute time) duration of a time resource (e.g., subframe, slot, or transmission time interval (TTI)) composed of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the aggregated cells. Here, the symbol may include an OFDM symbol (or a cyclic prefix - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) symbol), an SC-FDMA symbol (or a discrete Fourier transform-spread-OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol). In this specification, the terms symbol, OFDM-based symbol, OFDM symbol, CP-OFDM symbol and DFT-s-OFDM symbol may be interchangeable.

[0069] Referring to Figure 2, uplink and downlink transmissions are organized into frames. Each frame is T f = (△f max *N f / 100)*T c = 10 ms duration, where T is the basic time unit. c = 1 / (△f max *N f ) and △f max = 480*10 3 Hz, and N f =4096. For reference, the sampling time T s = 1 / (△f ref *Nf,ref ) and △f ref = 15*10 3 Hz, and N f,ref =2048. T c Wow T f is a constant κ = T s / T c = 64 relationship. A frame consists of 10 subframes, and the duration of a single subframe is T. sf is 1ms. Subframes are further divided into slots, and the number of slots in a subframe depends on the subcarrier spacing. Each slot is divided into N slots based on a cyclic prefix (CP). slot symb It can be composed of symbols. For example, in some scenarios, in the case of normal CP, each slot consists of 14 OFDM symbols, and in the case of extended CP, each slot consists of 12 OFDM symbols. The numerology is exponentially scalable with subcarrier spacing △f = 2. u *Depends on 15 kHz. The following table shows the subcarrier spacing for regular CP △f = 2. u *Number of OFDM symbols per slot at 15 kHz (N) slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) is shown.

[0070]

[0071] The following table shows the subcarrier spacing for extended CP △f = 2. u *Indicates the number of OFDM symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe at 15 kHz.

[0072]

[0073] For a subcarrier spacing setting u, slots are n in increasing order within a subframe. u s ∈ {0, ..., nsubframe,u slot - 1} and n in increasing order within the frame u s,f ∈ {0, ..., n frame,u slot - Numbered as 1}.

[0074] Hereinafter, implementations of this specification are described by referring to the minimum unit of time for scheduling uplink, downlink, and sidelink transmissions as a slot. However, depending on the wireless communication system, the minimum unit of time for scheduling may be referred to by a different term. For example, in an LTE-based system, the minimum unit of time for scheduling transmissions is referred to as a subframe or a transmission time interval (TTI), whereas in an NR-based system, the minimum unit of time for scheduling is referred to as a slot.

[0075] Figure 3 illustrates a resource grid of slots. A slot is a multiple (e.g., N) in the time domain. slot symb ) contains symbols of each numeral (e.g., subcarrier spacing) and carrier, a common resource block (CRB)N indicated by higher layer signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) signaling). start,u grid Starting from,N size,u grid,x *N RB sc Dog subcarriers and N subframe,u symb A resource grid of OFDM symbols is defined, where N size,u grid,xis the number of resource blocks (RBs) in the resource grid, and the subscript x is DL for downlink and UL for uplink. N RB sc is the number of subcarriers per RB, and in 3GPP-based wireless communication systems, N RB sc is typically 12. For a given antenna port p, subcarrier spacing configuration u, and transmission direction (DL or UL), there is one resource grid. The carrier bandwidth N for subcarrier spacing configuration u size,u grid is given to the UE by higher layer parameters (e.g., RRC parameters) from the network. Each element in the resource grid for antenna port p and subcarrier spacing configuration u is called a resource element (RE), and one complex-valued symbol can be mapped to each RE. Each RE in the resource grid is uniquely identified by an index k in the frequency domain and an index l indicating the symbol position relative to a reference point in the time domain. RBs can be classified into common resource blocks (CRBs) and physical resource blocks (PRBs). CRBs are numbered upwards from 0 in the frequency domain for subcarrier spacing configuration u. The center of subcarrier 0 of CRB 0 for subcarrier spacing configuration u coincides with 'point A', which is a common reference point for resource block grids. PRBs for subcarrier spacing configuration u are defined in a bandwidth part (BWP), numbered from 0 to N. size,u BWP,i -1, where i is the number of the bandwidth part. Common resource block n u CRB and bandwidth part i within physical resource block n PRB The relationship between the two is as follows: nu PRB = n u CRB +N start,u BWP,i , here N start,u BWP,i is a common resource block (BRB) whose bandwidth part starts relative to CRB 0. A BWP comprises multiple contiguous RBs in the frequency domain. For example, a BWP may be a given numeral u within a BWP i on a given carrier. i A subset of contiguous CRBs defined for a carrier. A carrier may contain up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. A UE may be configured to have one or more BWPs on a given component carrier. Data communication is performed through the activated BWPs, and only a predetermined number (e.g., 1) of BWPs configured for the UE may be activated on the carrier.

[0076] Figure 4 illustrates multi-beam operation in a 3GPP-based system.

[0077] 5G and subsequent 3GPP-based systems can utilize high ultra-high frequency bands, such as the millimeter wave frequency band (mmWave) above 6 GHz, to transmit data to multiple users while maintaining high data rates by utilizing a wide frequency band. However, the millimeter wave frequency band has frequency characteristics that show very rapid signal attenuation over distance due to the use of such a high frequency band. Therefore, when using a band of at least 6 GHz or higher, 3GPP-based systems use a narrow beam transmission technique to compensate for the rapid propagation attenuation characteristics by concentrating energy in a specific direction rather than omnidirectionally transmitting the signal, thereby solving the problem of reduced coverage due to rapid propagation attenuation. However, when providing service using only a single narrow beam, the service range of a single BS is limited, so the BS gathers multiple narrow beams to provide service as a wide beam.

[0078] Figure 5 illustrates an example of SS / PBCH blocks (SSB) being transmitted on a cell.

[0079] In 3GPP-based systems, each synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block (SS / PBCH block, i.e., SSB) is associated with a beam. For example, during a half-frame, different SSBs can be transmitted in different spatial directions (using different beams that span the cell's coverage area). The possible time positions of the SSBs within a half-frame are determined by the subcarrier spacing, and the periodicity of the half-frames in which the SSBs are transmitted is set by the network. Multiple SSBs can be transmitted within the carrier's frequency span. Different indices of the SSBs transmitted / detected on a cell can correspond to different BS (wide) Tx beams.

[0080] In 3GPP-based systems, multi-beam operation is based on beam switching / beam scanning, which transmits / receives signals while changing beam directions over time. For example, assuming that a BS supports up to N transmission beams, beam sweeping can be performed, which transmits a synchronous signal block (SSB) consisting of PSS, SSS, and PBCH in each of up to N beam directions (see SSB beam sweeping in Figure 4).

[0081] Referring back to Figure 4, the UE can measure the power of SSB(s) received from BS transmission (Tx) beams using a wide reception (Rx) beam and select its preferred beam. For example, the UE can select one SSB from among the detected / received SSBs. 3GPP-based systems specify a specific mapping between SSBs and random access channel (RACH) occasions to allow the network to know which beam the UE has selected. A RACH occasion is a time and frequency resource available for transmission of a RACH preamble. The network can provide the UE with information about how many SSBs can be mapped to a single RACH occasion and how many preamble indices can be mapped to a single SSB. For example, if the network configures the number of SSBs per RACH epoch as 1 / N, then one SSB is associated with N RACH epochs (where N is a positive integer), and if the network configures the number of SSBs per RACH epoch as N, then N preamble indices are mapped to a single SSB. The UE selects an SSB from among the SSBs detected / received by the UE on the cell, and selects a RACH epoch based on the selected SSB to transmit. The BS can detect the RACH epoch including the PRACH from the UE through BS Rx beam sweeping, thereby knowing which SSB among the SSBs transmitted on the cell the UE has selected. The BS can determine a BS Tx beam for communication with the UE based on the SSB selected by the UE.

[0082] For finer beam tuning, CSI-RS may be transmitted. The BS may perform beam refinement using CSI-RS transmissions in narrower beams around the BS Tx beam determined based on the RACH timing at which the PRACH from the UE is detected (see CSI-RS beam sweeping in FIG. 4). The UE may measure the power of CSI-RSs received from these BS Tx narrow beams and report to the BS which of the BS Tx narrow beams it prefers. For example, the UE may measure CSI-RSs on CSI-RS resources to select at least one CSI-RS resource, and report to the BS a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI) and a corresponding reference signal received power (RSRP) of the selected CSI-RS resource. The BS may determine a BS Tx narrow beam based on the CRI and / or corresponding RSRP reported by the UE, and repeatedly transmit CSI-RS through the BS Tx narrow beam (see P3 CSI-RS beam sweeping in FIG. 4) so ​​that the UE performs Rx beam sweeping to find an appropriate UE Rx beam. The UE may measure the power of the CSI-RS received at each UE Rx beam to find an appropriate UE Rx beam.

[0083] A UE can detect a beam failure using CSI-RS / SSB. For example, if the L1-RSRP for a beam to be connected falls below a certain limit, the UE determines that the beam has failed and searches for other candidate beams with good quality. If a predetermined number of beam failures are detected, a beam failure recovery (BFR) procedure can be triggered using the candidate beam. The network can provide the UE with an identifier (ID) of an SSB transmitted by a cell, which is used to determine a candidate beam for BFR, and a preamble index used when performing BRF when selecting the candidate beam identified by the SSB. If the UE detects a predetermined number of beam failures, the network sends a BRF request to the network by transmitting a PRACH associated with the SSB ID, and the network provides a random access response (RAR) to the UE in response to the BRF request.

[0084] When receiving a PDSCH, the UE can assume that the demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) port of the PDSCH is quasi co-located (QCL) with the associated SSB, with respect to the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay extension, and spatial Rx parameters.

[0085] Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC)

[0086] ISAC is a technology for integrating sensing capabilities into cellular networks by reusing and modifying existing mobile network infrastructure. In an ISAC system, sensing is integrated into the communications network, allowing the network to act like a radar sensor, using its wireless signals to sense and understand the physical world in which it operates. According to ISAC, the network can collect data about range, velocity, position, orientation, size, shape, images, material of objects, and devices through wireless sensing. By collecting and processing sensed data, networks can enhance their own operations, augment existing services such as extended reality (XR) and digital twinning, and enable new services such as gesture and activity recognition, object detection, and tracking, along with imaging and environmental reconstruction.

[0087] The following defines terms used in this specification with respect to ISAC.

[0088] - 3GPP sensing data: Data derived from 3GPP radio signals that are affected (e.g., reflected, refracted, diffracted) by objects or environments of interest for sensing purposes and optionally processed within a 3GPP system.

[0089] - 3GPP-based wireless sensing (e.g., 5G wireless sensing): A 5GS feature that provides the capabilities to obtain information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment (e.g., shape, size, orientation, speed, location, distances or relative motion between objects) using 3GPP technology-based radio frequency signals, which may in some cases be extended by information generated through previously specified functionality in the EPC and / or E-UTRAN.

[0090] - Background environment: Background (clutter and / or environmental objects) other than the sensing target(s).

[0091] - Non-3GPP sensing data: Data provided by non-3GPP sensors (e.g., video, LiDAR, sonar) about objects or environments of interest for sensing purposes.

[0092] Sensing contextual information: Information exposed by the 5G system along with sensing results to a trusted third party, providing context about the conditions under which the sensing results were derived. This information does not include 3GPP sensing data.

[0093] - Sensing group: A set of sensing transmitters and sensing receivers whose locations are known and from which sensing data can be collected synchronously.

[0094] - Sensing Receiver: A sensing receiver is an entity that receives sensing signals to be used during the operation of a sensing service. The sensing receiver is part of a radio access network node (RAN) node (e.g., BS) or UE, and may be located in the same or a different entity than the sensing transmitter.

[0095] - Sensing result: Processed 3GPP sensing data requested by the service consumer.

[0096] - Sensing signals: Transmissions over the 3GPP radio interface that can be used for sensing purposes.

[0097] -Sensing target: A target that needs to be detected by deriving the characteristics of objects in the environment from the sensing signal.

[0098] - Sensing Transmitter: A sensing transmitter is an entity that sends sensing signals to be used during sensing service operation. The sensing transmitter is part of a RAN node or UE and may be located in the same or a different entity than the sensing receiver.

[0099] - Target sensing service area: A Cartesian location area that needs to be detected by deriving characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment from the affected (e.g., reflected, refracted, diffracted) 3GPP wireless signals with a specific sensing service quality, and which may include both indoor and outdoor environments.

[0100] 3GPP-based wireless sensing services can be consumed by 3GPP systems or third parties.

[0101] Figure 6 illustrates the types of sensing. In ISAC, sensing can be broadly divided into two types.

[0102] -Monostatic sensing: Sensing in which the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are co-located at the same transmission and reception point (TRP) or UE.

[0103] -Bi-static sensing: Sensing in which the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are located in different TRPs or UEs.

[0104] An advanced scenario called multistatic sensing, involving multiple transmitters and receivers, is also possible. Reflections of the sensing signal transmitted from the sensing receiver are received and processed to obtain characteristics of the detected object and its environment (e.g., its location).

[0105] Figure 7 illustrates some of the use cases of ISAC.

[0106] 3GPP-based wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to obtain information about the environment and / or the characteristics of objects within the environment, such as the distance (range), angle, and instantaneous linear velocity of objects. Because radio frequency sensing does not require devices to connect objects to the network, it can provide device-free object localization services. Estimates of parameters such as signal strength, delay, Doppler, and angular spectrum information can be obtained from 3GPP-based radio frequency signals, and in some cases, scattered and / or reflected radio frequency signals transmitted and received by RAN nodes or UEs, using previously defined information available in the EPC and / or E-UTRAN without affecting the EPC and E-UTRAN. By processing these radio frequency signals, features such as object position, velocity, and geometric information can be extracted and exposed to various applications along with contextual information.3GPP-based wireless sensing services offer new possibilities for improving the utilization of communication infrastructure and provide input to a variety of verticals (e.g., UAVs, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.) enabling applications such as: i) object and intruder detection in predefined secure areas around smart homes, highways, railways, factories, and critical infrastructure (see Figures 7(a) and 7(b)); assisted automotive maneuvering and navigation; collision avoidance and trajectory tracking of UAVs, vehicles, and AGVs; traffic management; and health and activity monitoring. In some cases, 3GPP-based wireless sensing can also utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing.

[0107] A common framework for the ISAC channel model consists of a target channel component and a background channel component:

[0108] H ISAC =H target +H background .

[0109] Target Channel H target contains all (multipath) components affected by the sensing target(s). Background channel H background contains other (multipath) components that do not belong to the target channel.

[0110] Figure 8 illustrates networked sensing enabled by a centralized radio access network (C-RAN). A C-RAN is a centralized, cloud-based architecture for radio access networks supporting 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, and future wireless communication standards. Designed for 5G and future communication technologies, the C-RAN architecture provides a flexible and reconfigurable framework that enables various sensing modes. A typical C-RAN consists of a pool of baseband units (BBUs), a large number of remote radio heads (RRHs), and a fronthaul network that connects the RRHs to BBHs. The BBH pool is deployed at a centralized site with software-defined BBUs that process baseband signals and coordinate radio resource allocation. Ultimately, the BBU pool can function as a centralized signal processing unit for network sensing. The RRHs can be responsible for radio frequency (RF) amplification, up / down conversion, filtering, analog-to-digital / digital-to-analog conversion, and interface adaptation, enabling them to be utilized as radar sensors supported by wireless technologies (e.g., 5G, etc.) waveforms and associated ISAC signaling technologies.

[0111] The types of sensing described above can be further divided into the following six modes depending on the type of sensing transmitter and sensing receiver: TRP-TRP bistatic, TRP monostatic, TRP-UE bistatic, UE-TRP bistatic, UE-UE bistatic, UE monostatic.

[0112] - TRP monostatic: The RRH / BS receives the echo signal reflected from the target of the downlink communication / sensing signal it transmitted. TRP monostatic allows all data symbols in the received signals to be used and announced centrally, the RRHs are synchronized, privacy may be less of an issue since the sensed results are not directly linked to the UEs, and the surrounding environment of the RRHs / BSs can be sensed. TRP monostatic requires full-duplex operation in frequency and time since the TRP must transmit and receive signals at the same time, and devices may be specially deployed to address this issue.

[0113] - TRP-TRP bistatic: A TRP receives downlink communication / sensing signals from other TRPs. TRP-TRP bistatic can sense the surroundings of RRHs / BSs. Similar to TRP monostatic, TRP-TRP bistatic requires that the TRP transmit and receive signals simultaneously, thus requiring full-duplex operation in frequency and time, and devices may be specially deployed to address this issue.

[0114] - TRP-UE bistatic: The UE receives downlink communication / sensing signals from the RRH / BS. TRP-UE bistatic can sense the environment between UEs and between UEs and RRHs. However, TRP-UE bistatic has privacy issues because the sensing signals are directly linked to the UEs. In addition, the network may need to inform the UEs about the downlink / sensing signals because not all data symbols in the received signals may be known.

[0115] When utilizing communication signals as sensing signals for ISAC, the question arises as to which information, among the information obtainable from the sensing signals, the sensing receiver will feed back as sensing information to the network (e.g., BS, TRP, etc.). Furthermore, the question arises as to how the receiver will feed back the sensing information. Below, several implementations of this specification are described regarding how a UE acting as a sensing receiver feeds back sensing information in the TRP-UE bistatic case.

[0116] Downlink signals used as sensing signals

[0117] The following can be used as downlink signals for sensing: SSB, reference signals (e.g., DMRS, CSI-RS, positioning reference signal (PRS)), and data payload (e.g., PDSCH). SSB has the advantage of known values, but has a short and fixed signal structure. Because SSB has a fixed signal structure, it has the disadvantage of being difficult to change the SSB structure for sensing. Reference signals (RS), such as DMRS, CSI-RS, and PRS, are irregular and variable length signals, and are more flexible than SSB but have a limited signal structure compared to data payloads. Data payloads (e.g., PDSCH) are UE-specific, and are characterized by irregularity and length, and although their signal values ​​are not known, they have a flexible signal structure.

[0118] 1. Sensing from SSB

[0119] In case of SSB, different beamformings can be set with different SSB indices for communication and sensing. If there is a specific target, the beamforming may need to be different because the target sensed by each UE is different. That is, the SSB sensed on the same cell or bandwidth part should be different depending on the target sensed by the UE. In addition, since the location of the target may change every time due to movement of the UE or movement of the target, or due to change of the target, the SSBs that the UE needs to receive for sensing may also need to be dynamically changed. When a UE wants to sense the surrounding environment using SSB, a BS may inform the UE of multiple SSB indices. In some implementations, the BS may provide the UE with multiple SSB indices for sensing through an RRC configuration, and use all SSBs of the multiple SSB indices for sensing, or may instruct the UE to use some or one SSB index for sensing by instructing the UE to use the instructed SSB for sensing through a DCI or MAC control element.

[0120] 2. Sensing from DM-RS

[0121] The following describes the sequence generation of DM-RS for PDSCH (i.e., PDSCH DM-RS) as defined in section 7.4.1.1.1 of 3GPP TS 38.211.

[0122]

[0123] The following describes the mapping of PDSCH DM-RS to physical resources as defined in section 7.4.1.1.2 of 3GPP TS 38.211.

[0124]

[0125] The following tables are Table 7.4.1.1.2-1, which shows parameters for PDSCH DM-RS configuration type 1, Table 7.4.1.1.2-2, which shows parameters for PDSCH DM-RS configuration type 2, and PDSCH DM-RS positions for single-symbol DM-RS, respectively, as described in 3GPP TS 38.211. Table 7.4.1.1.2-3, PDSCH DM-RS positions for double-symbol DM-RS Table 7.4.1.1.2-4, which represents the PUSCH DM-RS time index l' and antenna port p, and Table 7.4.1.1.2-5, which represents the PUSCH DM-RS time index l' and antenna port p.

[0126]

[0127]

[0128]

[0129]

[0130]

[0131] DMRS is an RS used by a transmitter to estimate the channel estimation value required for a receiver to demodulate data transmitted by the transmitter. DMRS can be transmitted along with the corresponding physical channel regardless of DL or UL, and also plays a major role in power allocation. For example, if a transmitter transmits DMRS and data at the transmission power, and the receiver is notified or knows the transmission power, the receiver can compare the received power of the DMRS with the received power of the physical channel to determine the degree of power attenuation experienced by the DMRS and the physical channel as they pass through the channel. DMRS is an RS generated / transmitted for the purpose of data demodulation / decoding at the receiver, and is transmitted only within a specific time-frequency resource of the physical channel that contains data to be decoded at the receiver.

[0132] For DMRS, different beamformings cannot be configured for communication and sensing. When DMRS is used as a sensing signal, sensing is possible through communication signals without loss of resources. When a UE wants to sense the surrounding environment using DM-RS, the BS can inform the UE of a downlink (DL) DM-RS scrambling identifier (ID) for sensing. For example, since DL-DMRS-Scrambling-ID may be configured semi-statically through RRC configuration, when information about DL-DMRS-Scrambling-ID-Sensing is provided (via DCI) or sensing is triggered, the UE can detect DMRS with DL-DMRS-Scrambling-ID-Sensing and utilize it for sensing and PDSCH demodulation. If information about DL-DMRS-Scrambling-ID-Sensing is not provided, sensing is not triggered, or triggered sensing is completed, the UE may perform PDSCH demodulation by receiving DMRS based on DL-Scrambling-ID.

[0133] 3. Sensing from the positioning reference signal (PRS)

[0134] The following describes the sequence generation and mapping of PRSs to physical resources, as defined in section 7.4.1.7 of 3GPP TS 38.211.

[0135]

[0136] The following table shows the frequency offset k'll as disclosed in 3GPP TS 38.211. PRS start Table 7.4.1.7.3-1 is expressed as a function of .

[0137]

[0138] When a BS wants to enable a UE to sense the surrounding environment using DL PRS, the BS can inform the UE of a PRS for sensing (e.g., a downlink PRS sequence ID for sensing).

[0139] 4. Sensing from data payload (e.g., PDSCH)

[0140] Compared to SSB, DM-RS, and PRS, PDSCH allows for a greater amount of resource allocation. Furthermore, its signal structure is neither fixed nor restricted. Therefore, when a BS uses PDSCH as a sensing signal, it can generate and transmit signals suitable for sensing. However, because PDSCH resources are used for sensing signals, a trade-off exists between sensing performance and communication performance. The following options are possible.

[0141] i) Transmit only sensing signals (known signals)

[0142] ii) Sensing based on data signals (unknown signals)

[0143] iii) Sensing (known signal) based on the sensing signal by transmitting the data signal + sensing signal

[0144] It is necessary to indicate to the UE whether only data signals, only sensing signals, or a combined signal of both are to be transmitted. In some implementations, a 2-bit indicator may be transmitted to indicate the transmission of a sensing signal. For example, the BS may provide parameters related to sensing signal generation (e.g., cell ID, scrambling ID, sensing signal index (if defined in the standard), sensing ID) through higher layer signaling, and may provide a 2-bit indicator such as the following through DCI or RRC signaling to indicate the presence and / or type of a sensing signal within the PDSCH resource.

[0145] - 00: Existing data transmission without sensing signal

[0146] - 01: Transmit only sensing signals

[0147] - 10: Data signal-based sensing

[0148] - 11: Signal combining data signal and sensing signal

[0149] 5. Sensing from CSI-RS

[0150] CSI-RS is an RS used to determine the status of the downlink channel transmitted from the BS to the UE. When the BS transmits the CSI-RS, the UE determines the channel status based on the CSI-RS and reports the results to the BS.

[0151] For CSI-RS, different beamformings for communication and sensing can be configured with different CSI-RS resources or CSI-RS resource sets. If a specific target exists, the beamforming may need to be different because the target sensed by each UE is different. That is, the CSI-RS resources sensed on the same cell or bandwidth part should be different depending on the target sensed by the UE. In addition, since the location of the target may change each time due to movement of the UE or movement of the target, or due to change of the target, the CSI-RS (resources) that the UE must receive for sensing may also change dynamically. When a UE wants to sense the surrounding environment using CSI-RSB, the BS may inform the UE of multiple CSI-RS resource (set) indices.

[0152] In some implementations, the BS may provide the UE with multiple CSI-RS resource (set) indices for sensing via RRC configuration, and cause all CSI-RS resources of the multiple CSI-RS resource (set) indices to be used for sensing, or may indicate some or one CSI-RS resource (set) indices via DCI or MAC control elements to cause the indicated CSI-RS resources to be used for sensing.

[0153] Figure 9 illustrates a transmission / reception flow of a sensing signal according to some implementations of the present specification.

[0154] The BS may transmit sensing-related configuration(s) to the UE (S901a). In some implementations of the present specification, a physical signal and / or a physical channel of a wireless communication system may be used as the sensing signal. For example, SSB, CSI-RS, PRS, DM-RS, and / or PDSCH may be used as the sensing signal. Configuration / instruction regarding SSB, DM-RS, PRS, CSI-RS, or PDSCH for sensing as described above may be provided through the sensing-related configuration(s). The BS may transmit a sensing signal based on the sensing-related configuration(s) (S902). The UE may receive the sensing signal based on the sensing-related configuration(s) (S902), and may acquire sensing information (also referred to as sensing data) based on the received sensing signal (S903). In some implementations of the present specification, for example, the UE may acquire at least one of the following based on the sensing signal:

[0155] > Alt-1. Target presence (target detection (TD)),

[0156] > Alt-2. The magnitude of the received sensing signal (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), received signal strength indicator (RSSI)),

[0157] > Alt-3. Angle of the received sensing signal (angle of arrival (AoA))

[0158] > Alt-4. Estimated sensing channel information (ESCI)

[0159] > Alt-5. Received sensing information (RSI), and / or

[0160] > Alt-6. All received signals,

[0161] > Alt-7. Any combination of two or more of Alt-1 to Alt-6.

[0162] In some implementations, with respect to TD, the UE can obtain target detection information (TDI) by monitoring a downlink signal set as a sensing signal and determining that there is an object between the UE and the TRP transmitting the downlink signal if the magnitude of the downlink signal suddenly increases or the angle at which it is received changes.

[0163] In some implementations, the UE may estimate a sensing channel based on the received sensing signal, and may estimate the presence of a target or other sensing information based on the estimated sensing channel. The other sensing information may include information mentioned in Alt-1, Alt-2, Alt-3, Alt-4, and / or Alt-5. Alternatively, the other sensing information may include information regarding the position, speed, direction, surrounding environmental conditions, etc. of the target(s).

[0164] In some implementations, the RSI may be a signal obtained by decoding a received sensing signal itself or a data signal (e.g., a PDSCH) or a signal received together with the data signal, minus the data signal.

[0165] The UE may use the sensing signal for a service for itself, but the BS may also receive sensing information from a single UE or multiple UEs and provide various services based on the sensing information to the UE(s) or the communication system to which the BS is connected.

[0166] In some implementations of this specification, the BS may wait to receive sensing information immediately after transmitting the corresponding sensing signal(s) according to the sensing-related setting(s).

[0167] In some implementations of this specification, the sensing-related configuration(s) may include sensing reporting configurations. The sensing reporting configurations may include configurations regarding what type of sensing information to report and when to report it.

[0168] In some implementations of the present specification, the BS may trigger sensing in the UE or trigger transmission of sensing information in the UE by transmitting an activation command or a sensing command for sensing signal(s) based on the sensing-related setting(s) (S901b). Alternatively, in some implementations, sensing may be activated / triggered by a sensing signal activation command.

[0169] The UE that has acquired the sensing information may transmit the sensing information to the BS based on the sensing setting(s) or the sensing report setting(s) from the BS (S904). The BS may receive the sensing information (S904) and process the sensing information received from the UE (and / or other UE(s)) (S905) to acquire a sensing result. The BS may provide the sensing result to a wireless communication-based sensing service (e.g., a 3GPP-based sensing service).

[0170] <Multiplexing of control data and user data>

[0171] In some implementations of this specification, sensing information may be transmitted over a physical data channel (e.g., a PUSCH). Below, for convenience of explanation, some implementations of this specification that transmit sensing information over a physical data channel are described, assuming the basic scheduling unit used in 3GPP-based wireless communication systems. For example, in a 3GPP-based wireless communication system, a PUSCH is typically allocated in units of resource blocks (RBs) defined by 12 subcarriers in the frequency domain, and in units of slots defined by a predefined number of OFDM symbols (e.g., 14 in the case of a regular CP) in the time domain.

[0172] Figures 10 to 14 illustrate the mapping of PUSCH and UCI to resource blocks in a 3GPP-based system. In the examples of Figures 10 to 14, it is assumed that a PUSCH with one resource block is allocated to occupy all OFDM symbols within a slot, and a DM-RS for the PUSCH is configured / allocated to occupy OFDM symbols as illustrated in Figures 10 to 14. In an OFDM symbol to which a DM-RS is allocated, resource elements other than the resource elements on which the DM-RS is located can be used for data transmission. When UCI such as hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) and / or channel state information (CSI) are multiplexed on the PUSCH, they may be mapped to radio resources allocated to the PUSCH in the following order: DM-RS, HARQ-ACK (if any), CSI Part 1 (if any), CSI Part 2 (if any), and UL-SCH data (if any).

[0173] The UCI may be composed of HARQ-ACK, CSI, and / or SR. The UCI may be encoded and transmitted on the PUCCH or multiplexed on the PUSCH. HARQ-ACK information is information indicating whether reception of the PDCCH and / or PDSCH was successful, and CSI is information regarding the downlink channel status. The CSI may be composed of multiple parts (e.g., a CSI part 1 having a fixed payload size and used to identify the number of information bits in the CSI part 2, and the CSI part 2). The HARQ-ACK (if any) and the CSI (if any) may be encoded and multiplexed on the PUSCH with or without encoded uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) data (i.e., uplink user data). The encoded data, the encoded HARQ-ACK, the encoded CSI part 1, and the encoded part 2 are multiplexed according to predefined rules to form a codeword. UCI is transmitted only in OFDM symbols that are not used for DM-RS transmission. The mapping of UCI types in an OFDM symbol used for UCI transmission of a certain UCI type depends on the number of resource elements (REs) available for UCI transmission and the number of remaining REs required for the UCI type. For example, if the number of remaining REs required for the UCI type in an OFDM symbol is greater than half of the REs available for UCI transmission, the mapping of the UCI type is contiguous; otherwise, it is uniformly distributed across the available REs in the OFDM symbol to achieve diversity gain. The number of coded bits occupied in an RE for UCI or data transmission may be equal to the product of the modulation order and the number of layers.

[0174] The coded HARQ-ACK bits are arranged starting from the earliest OFDM symbol after the first OFDM symbol(s) with DM-RS in the slot to which the PUSCH is allocated. In the examples of FIGS. 10 to 14, there is no DM-RS in the OFDM symbol immediately following the first OFDM symbol with DM-RS (hereinafter, DM-RS OFDM symbol), but if the OFDM symbol immediately following the first OFDM symbol with DM-RS is also a DM-RS OFDM symbol, the coded HARQ-ACK bits may be arranged starting from the earliest OFDM symbol without DM-RS after the first DM-RS OFDM symbol in the slot to which the PUSCH is allocated. The coded CSI Part 1 or Part 2 bits may be arranged in the OFDM symbol(s) unused for DM-RS starting from the start OFDM symbol unused for DM-RS among the OFDM symbols allocated for the PUSCH. The multiplexing operation of control data (e.g., HARQ-ACK, CSI, etc.) and user data (e.g., UL-SCH data) may depend on the number of HARQ-ACK bits. If the number of HARQ-ACK bits is less than or equal to a predefined number (e.g., 2), the coded HARQ-ACK bits are allocated to resources allocated to the PUSCH through puncturing (Case 1); otherwise, they are allocated to resources allocated to the PUSCH through rate matching (Case 2). This can be explained in more detail as follows.

[0175] * Case 1

[0176] If the number of HARQ-ACK bits is less than or equal to a predefined number, data and UCI multiplexing may include the following steps:

[0177] > Step 1: If the number of HARQ-ACK bits is less than or equal to a predefined number (e.g., 2), RE(s) reserved for potential HARQ-ACK transmission (hereinafter, reserved HARQ-ACK REs) are determined. The number of reserved HARQ-ACK REs can be obtained by calculating the rate-matching length of HARQ-ACK with the number of HARQ-ACK bits set to the predefined number (e.g., 2). Figure 10 illustrates reserved HARQ-ACK REs.

[0178] > Step 2: If the number of HARQ-ACK bits is greater than the above-defined number, the coded HARQ-ACK bits (if any) are mapped. If the number of HARQ-ACK bits is less than the above-defined number, this step is skipped.

[0179] > Step 3: The coded CSI Part 1 and CSI Part 2 bits (if any) are mapped. CSI mapping (CSI Part 1 followed by CSI Part 2) starts from the first OFDM symbol without DM-RS available in the PUSCH allocation. The mapping position of CSI Part 1 can be determined based on the number of REs available for transmission of CSI Part 1 and the number of REs required for transmission of CSI Part 1. If the number of REs required for transmission of CSI Part 1 is greater than the number of REs available for transmission of CSI Part 1 in the first OFDM symbol for transmission of CSI Part 1, mapping of CSI Part 1 continues from the next OFDM symbol that is not used for DM-RS, as illustrated in FIG. 11. If the number of remaining REs required for CSI part 1 in the OFDM symbol to which CS1 part 1 is mapped is more than half of the REs available for UCI transmission in the OFDM symbol, CSI part 1 is mapped to contiguous REs. When the coded CSI part 1 is completely mapped, the mapping of the coded CSI part 2 starts from the first OFDM symbol without DM-RS used for PUSCH transmission. In the example of FIG. 11, since CSI part 1 is mapped to the first OFDM symbol without DM-RS and there are no REs available for CSI part 2, the mapping of CSI part 2 moves to the next OFDM symbol. In the example of FIG. 11, in the second OFDM symbol for PUSCH allocation, five REs to which CSI part 1 is not mapped are available for UCI transmission, and if the number of REs required for CSI part 2 is greater than 5, the mapping of the CSI part 2 continues in the next OFDM symbol without DM-RS. In the example of FIG. 11, coded CSI Part 2 and UL-SCH data can be mapped to reserved HARQ-ACK REs.When the number of REs required for coded CSI Part 2 is 19, referring to FIG. 11, coded CSI Part 2 is mapped to 5 REs in the second OFDM symbol for PUSCH allocation, 12 REs in the fourth OFDM symbol, and 2 REs in the fifth OFDM symbol. When the number of HARQ-ACK bits is less than or equal to a predefined number, the CSI Part 2 bits mapped to the reserved HARQ-ACK REs among the 12 REs in the fourth OFDM symbol are punctured by the HARQ-ACK bits (see step 5). For the fifth OFDM symbol, since the number of REs required for CSI Part 2 is less than half of the number of REs available for UCI transmission, coded CSI Part 2 is distributed in the fifth OFDM symbol.

[0180] > Step 4: Map the coded UL-SCH bits (if any).

[0181] > Step 5: If the number of HARQ-ACK bits is less than or equal to the above-defined number, the coded HARQ-ACK bits (if any) are mapped. In this case, the coded HARQ-ACK bits are mapped in a distributed manner to the reserved HARQ-ACK REs. If the CSI and / or UL-SCH data bits are mapped to the reserved HARQ-ACK REs in steps 3 and 4, the CSI / data mapped to the corresponding REs are punctured by the HARQ-ACK, as illustrated in FIG. 12.

[0182] * Case 2

[0183] If the number of HARQ-ACK bits is greater than a predefined number, data and UCI multiplexing may include the following steps:

[0184] > Step 1: If the number of HARQ-ACK bits is less than or equal to a predefined number (e.g., 2), RE(s) reserved for potential HARQ-ACK transmission (hereinafter, reserved HARQ-ACK REs) are determined. If the number of HARQ-ACK bits is greater than the predefined number, this step is omitted.

[0185] > Step 2: Map the coded HARQ-ACK bits. The coded HARQ-ACK bits are arranged starting from the earliest OFDM symbol after the first OFDM symbol(s) with DM-RS in the slot to which the PUSCH is allocated. If the number of REs required for HARQ-ACK is 6, it is not greater than half of the number of REs available for UCI transmission (12) within the OFDM symbol, so the HARQ-ACK is distributed to the REs within the corresponding OFDM symbol, as illustrated in FIG. 13.

[0186] > Step 3: Map the coded CSI part 1 and the coded CSI part 2 in a similar manner as described for the case where the number of HARQ-ACK bits is less than or equal to a predefined number (see Figure 14).

[0187] > Step 4: Map the coded UL-SCH data in a manner similar to that described for the case where the number of HARQ-ACK bits is less than or equal to a predefined number (see Figure 14).

[0188] > Step 5: If the number of HARQ-ACK bits is less than or equal to 2, the coded HARQ-ACK bits are mapped to the reserved HARQ-ACK REs determined in Step 1. If the number of HARQ-ACK bits is greater than 2, Step 5 is omitted.

[0189] Referring to FIG. 12 or FIG. 14, a codeword can be formed by reading bits in a frequency-first, time-first manner from each RE other than the REs having DM-RS.

[0190] Hereinafter, some implementations of the present specification are described that multiplex sensing information that can be expressed with a small number of bits on the PUSCH, and some implementations of the present specification are described that multiplex sensing information that is expressed with a relatively large number of bits on the PUSCH. In some implementations of the present specification described below, the sensing information may be mapped onto the PUSCH as part of or in accordance with the UCI. Hereinafter, some implementations of the present specification are described that map sensing information that is generally composed of fewer bits than a predefined or predetermined value (e.g., 1 or 2) (i.e., type 1 sensing information) onto the PUSCH resource. In addition, some implementations of the present specification are described below that map sensing information that is generally composed of more bits than a predefined / predetermined value (hereinafter, type 2 sensing information) onto the PUSCH resource. Hereinafter, for the convenience of explanation, implementations of this specification regarding mapping to PUSCH resources are described using TDI as an example as the first type of sensing information, and implementations of this specification regarding mapping to PUSCH resources are described using ESCI as an example as the second type of sensing information. However, the implementations of this specification described below are not limited to TDI or ESCI, and can be applied to information different from TDI or ESCI or even with a different name from TDI or ESCI.

[0191] Multiplexing of sensing information onto physical uplink data channels

[0192] In some implementations of this specification, sensing information may be mapped and transmitted on a physical data channel, e.g., the PUSCH. Below, some implementations of this specification that multiplex and transmit sensing information, particularly target detection information (TDI) or ESCI, on the PUSCH are described.

[0193] Method 1. TDI multiplexing on PUSCH

[0194] In some implementations of this specification, the BS may trigger the UE to detect a target or transmit a TDI, and upon triggering the target detection or TDI transmission, the BS may perform sensing based on the sensing signal. Based on the sensing, the UE may transmit a TDI on the PUSCH. In some implementations of this specification, the TDI may be 1-bit, 2-bit, or more information.

[0195] As previously explained, in a conventional 3GPP-based system, the UE multiplexes UCI and UL-SCH data on radio resources allocated to the PUSCH in the following order: DMRS > HARQ-ACK > CSI Part 1 > CSI Part 2 > UL-SCH data. Taking this into account, the UE can map TDI on the PUSCH according to one of the following:

[0196] Figures 15 to 20 illustrate examples of TDI mapping according to some implementations of the present specification. In the examples of Figures 15 to 20, it is assumed that a PUSCH with one resource block is allocated to occupy all OFDM symbols within a slot, and that the DM-RS for the PUSCH is configured / allocated to occupy OFDM symbols as illustrated in Figures 15 to 20.

[0197] * Alt1. Add TDI bit(s) to HARQ-ACK bit(s)

[0198] In addition to the HARQ-ACK bit(s), the UCI, TDI, and UL-SCH data may be mapped onto the radio resources allocated for the PUSCH in the following order: DMRS > 'HARQ-ACK + TDI' > CSI Part 1 > CSI Part 2 > UL-SCH data. Since the TDI has a small number of bits, multiplexing the UCI, TDI, and UL-SCH data onto the PUSCH may be considered according to a multiplexing method according to the number of HARQ-ACK bits. For example, if the sum of the number of HARQ-ACK bits and the number of TDI bits is less than or equal to a predefined value (e.g., 2), the UCI / TDI and UL-SCH data may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource according to the method of Case 1 described above, and otherwise, the UCI / TDI and UL-SCH data may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource according to the method of Case 2.

[0199] For example, if the sum of the number of HARQ-ACK bits and the number of TDI bits is less than or equal to a predefined value (e.g., 2), 'HARQ-ACK + TDI' is mapped to REs reserved for HARQ-ACK transmission (i.e., reserved HARQ-ACK REs). For example, if the number of reserved HARQ-ACK REs is 4 and the number of REs for 'HARQ-ACK + TDI' is 4, 'HARQ-ACK + TDI' can be mapped, as illustrated in FIG. 15. CSI or UL data mapped to the reserved HARQ-ACK REs are punctured by the 'HARQ+ACK + TDI'. If the sum of the number of HARQ-ACK bits and the number of TDI bits is greater than a predefined value (e.g., 2), 'HARQ-ACK + TDI' is placed starting from the earliest OFDM symbol after the first OFDM symbol(s) with DM-RS in the slot to which the PUSCH is allocated. For example, if the number of REs required for 'HARQ-ACK + TDI' is 6, since it is not greater than half of the number of REs available for UCI transmission, 12, within the OFDM symbol, 'HARQ-ACK + TDI' is distributed to the REs within the corresponding OFDM symbol as illustrated in FIG. 16.

[0200] * Alt2. Map TDI bit(s) separately like HARQ-ACK

[0201] In the order of DMRS > HARQ-ACK > TDI > CSI Part 1 > CSI Part 2 > UL-SCH data, UCI, TDI, and UL-SCH data may be mapped onto the radio resources allocated for the PUSCH. Since TDI, like HARQ-ACK, expresses important information from the perspective of sensing service with a small number of bits, it may be advantageous for the sensing service to be placed in a resource location with high detection performance by the BS, like HARQ-ACK. Therefore, in some implementations of the present specification, if there is no additional DMRS in the PUSCH resource (e.g., if there is no other DMRS symbol discontinuous with the first DMRS symbol in the PUSCH resource), TDI may be mapped to the OFDM symbol immediately following the OFDM symbol to which the HARQ-ACK bits are mapped. Referring to FIG. 17, if there is a DMRS symbol that is discontinuous in time with the first DMRS symbol in addition to the first DMRS symbol within the radio resource allocated for PUSCH (hereinafter, PUSCH resource) (i.e., if there is an additional DMRS), TDI may be mapped within the OFDM symbol immediately preceding the last DMRS symbol within the PUSCH resource.

[0202] * Alt3. Add TDI bit(s) to CSI Part 1 or CSI Part 2

[0203] UCI, TDI, and UL-SCH data may be mapped onto radio resources allocated for PUSCH in the order DMRS > HARQ-ACK > 'CSI Part 1 + TDI' > CSI Part 2 > UL-SCH data or DMRS > HARQ-ACK > CSI Part 1 > 'CSI Part 2 + TDI'. In other words, TDI may be treated as if it were part of CSI. In some implementations, 'CSI Part 1 + TDI' or 'CSI Part 2 + TDI' may be obtained by appending TDI bit(s) after CSI Part 1 bits or CSI Part 2 bits. Alternatively, in some implementations, 'CSI Part 1 + TDI' or 'CSI Part 2 + TDI' may be obtained by appending CSI Part 1 bits or CSI Part 2 bits after TDI bit(s).

[0204] For example, when TDI is added to CSI Part 1, the mapping position of 'CSI Part 1 + TDI' can be determined based on the number of REs available for transmission of 'CSI Part 1 + TDI' and the number of REs required for transmission of 'CSI Part 1 + TDI'. If the number of REs required for 'CSI Part 1 + TDI' is greater than the number of REs available for 'CSI Part 1 + TDI' in the OFDM symbol to which 'CSI Part 1 + TDI' is mapped, the mapping of 'CSI Part 1 + TDI' continues from the next OFDM symbol that is not used for DM-RS. For example, when the number of REs required for transmission of 'CSI Part 1 + TDI' is 21, 'CSI Part 1 + TDI' can be mapped from the first OFDM symbol of PUSCH resource, as illustrated in FIG. 18, and can continue from the OFDM symbol following the first OFDM symbol.

[0205] As another example, when TDI is added to CSI Part 2, the mapping position of 'CSI Part 2 + TDI' starts from the first OFDM symbol without DM-RS available after CSI Part 1 is completely mapped. Referring to FIG. 19, when 19 REs are used for transmission of CSI Part 1, 'CSI Part 2 + TDI' moves to the next OFDM symbol because CSI Part 1 is mapped to the first OFDM symbol without DM-RS and there are no REs available for CSI Part 2. In the second OFDM symbol of the PUSCH resource, 5 REs to which CSI Part 1 is not mapped are available for 'CSI Part 2 + TDI', and if the number of REs required for 'CSI Part 2 + TDI' is greater than 5, the mapping of 'CSI Part 2 + TDI' continues from the next OFDM symbol without DM-RS. When the number of HARQ-ACK bits is a predefined number and the number of REs required for 'CSI Part 2 + TDI' transmission is 19, referring to FIG. 19, 'CSI Part 2 + TDI' can be mapped to 5 REs in the second OFDM symbol of the PUSCH resource, 6 REs in the OFDM symbol following the first DM-RS symbol to which HARQ-ACK is not mapped, and 8 REs in the next OFDM symbol.

[0206] * Alt3-1. Map TDI after CSI Part 1 / CSI Part 2 is mapped, but if the number of HARQ-ACK bits is less than or equal to a predefined value (e.g., 2), map TDI to RE(s) excluding reserved HARQ-ACK REs.

[0207] If the number of HARQ-ACK bits is less than or equal to a predefined value, the reserved HARQ-ACK REs are punctured by HARQ-ACK in the final stage of UCI and data mapping, so that for TDI protection, TDI can be mapped to REs other than the reserved HARQ-ACK REs.

[0208] If the number of REs required for transmission of CSI part 1 is 19, the number of REs required for transmission of CSI part 2 is 9, and the number of REs required for transmission of TDI is 4, referring to FIG. 20, CSI part 1 is mapped to 12 REs of the first OFDM symbol of the PUSCH resource and 7 REs of the second OFDM symbol of the PUSCH resource, CSI part 2 is mapped to 5 REs of the second OFDM symbol of the PUSCH resource, and 5 REs including reserved HARQ-ACK REs among the 12 REs of the fourth OFDM symbol which is the OFDM symbol following the first DM-RS OFDM symbol, and TDI can be mapped to 4 REs other than the reserved HARQ-ACK REs among the remaining REs of the fourth OFDM symbol. In the example of FIG. 20, TDI is treated as CSI Part 2, and since the number of REs required for transmission of 'CSI Part 2 + TDI' in the fourth OFDM symbol is more than half of the number of REs available in the fourth OFDM symbol, CSI Part 2 is mapped to consecutive REs in the fourth OFDM symbol, and TDI in the fourth OFDM symbol can be mapped to four consecutive REs excluding reserved HARQ-ACK REs among the five REs to which CSI Part 2 is mapped. In some implementations, unlike as illustrated in FIG. 20, TDI may be treated as a separate UCI from CSI Part 1 and CSI Part 2. In this case, CSI Part 1 is mapped to 5 REs distributed among 12 REs of the fourth OFDM symbol described in FIG. 20, and TDI may be mapped to 4 REs distributed excluding the 5 REs to which CSI Part 1 is mapped and the reserved HARQ-ACK REs.

[0209] Method 2. ESCI multiplexing on PUSCH

[0210] Figures 21 and 22 illustrate examples of estimated sensing channel information (ESCI) mapping according to some implementations of the present specification. Figures 21 and 22 illustrate a case where a PUSCH with one resource block is allocated to occupy all OFDM symbols in a slot, and a DM-RS for the PUSCH is configured / allocated to occupy OFDM symbols as illustrated in Figures 21 and 22. In addition, Figures 21 and 22 illustrate a case where the number of HARQ-ACK bits is greater than a predefined value (e.g., 2), but the implementations of the present specification described below may also be applied even when the number of HARQ-ACK bits is less than the predefined value.

[0211] In a wireless communication system, a communication channel with multiple transmit and receive antennas (i.e., MIMO) can be modeled as follows:

[0212] y=Hx+n,

[0213] Here, y is the vector of received symbols, x is the vector of transmitted symbols, H is the channel matrix, and n is the noise vector.

[0214] The noise vector can be modeled in a well-known form. Therefore, when a TRP or BS transmits a known signal (e.g., a reference signal), the UE can estimate the channel matrix H based on the form in which the known signal is received by the UE. The UE can feedback channel state information (CSI) representing a portion of the channel matrix H, and the BS can adapt downlink transmissions to suit the current channel conditions based on the CSI.

[0215] Unlike CSI reporting, which reports a rank indicator (RI) indicating the number of possible layers for downlink transmission or the maximum number of uncorrelated paths that downlink transmission can use, a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) indicating a precoding matrix for downlink transmission, a link indicator (LI) identifying the strongest layer among the set of layers indicated by the reported RI, and / or a channel quality indicator (CQI), in some implementations of the present specification, ESCI reporting may mean reporting the channel matrix H itself. Although ESCI reporting increases signaling overhead compared to CSI reporting, it has the advantage that if the network knows the channel matrix H, it can estimate the position, velocity, etc. of the target relatively accurately. In addition, reporting the channel matrix H at once may have less signaling overhead than reporting the necessary information in the network, such as PMI, RI, LI, CQI, and TDI separately. This may improve accuracy even if the signaling overhead of reporting the channel matrix H is slightly greater, which may be advantageous in terms of system throughput and speed. In addition, it is realistically difficult for the network to configure all necessary CSI types, combinations, and reporting points, and there is also the problem of increased signaling overhead for configuring CSI reporting.

[0216] Therefore, in some implementations of this specification, the BS may configure and / or instruct ESCI reporting. If ESCI reporting is instructed, the UE may transmit ESCI derived from sensing signals on the PUSCH. The following may be considered:

[0217] * Case 1

[0218] CSI-RS is an RS used to determine the status of a downlink channel transmitted from a BS to a UE. When a BS transmits a CSI-RS, the UE can determine the channel status based on the CSI-RS and report the result to the BS. If the CSI-RS for measuring ESCI and the CSI-RS for estimating CSI Part 1 and / or CSI Part 2 are the same, the UE may be specified or configured to transmit ESCI rather than CSI Part 1 / CSI Part 2. This is because if the CSI-RS for measuring ESCI and the CSI-RS for measuring CSI are the same, the CSI-RS for measuring ESCI and the CSI-RS for measuring CSI will be received by the UE through the same channel, and therefore, ESCI can be assumed to be upper-compatible information for CSI. The BS can estimate PMI, RI, LI, CQI, etc. provided by CSI Part 1 / CSI Part 2 based on ESCI.

[0219] In some implementations, the UE may treat ESCI similarly to CSI when multiplexing it on the PUSCH. That is, the UE may map ESCI on the PUSCH according to the mapping rules of CSI Part 1 / CSI Part 2. For example, referring to FIG. 21, DMRS, HARQ-ACK, ESCI, and UL-SCH data may be mapped on the PUSCH resource in the order of DMRS > HARQ-ACK > ESCI > UL-SCH data, and the BS may assume this and receive or decode UCI, ESCI, and UL-SCH data on the PUSCH resource.

[0220] In some implementations, portions of CSI Part 1 and / or CSI Part 2 may be transmitted on the PUSCH resource together with the ESCI. For example, parameter(s) determined by the UE's intent or UE capability among the parameters PMI, RI, LI, and CQI may be transmitted on the PUSCH together with the ESCI.

[0221] * Case 2

[0222] If the sensing signal for ESCI measurement is different from the CSI-RS for CSI measurement, different beamformings may be applied to the sensing signal for ESCI measurement and the CSI-RS for CSI measurement. If the BS provides different settings for ESCI measurement and CSI measurement or configures / instructs the BS to perform measurements using different downlink signals, it may mean that the BS requires both ESCI and CSI. Therefore, if the sensing signal for ESCI measurement (e.g., CSI-RS / DM-RS / SSB / PDSCH, etc.) and the CSI-RS for CSI measurement are different, the UE may be specified or configured to transmit both CSI (e.g., CSI Part 1 and / or CSI Part 2) and ESCI.

[0223] In some implementations, the UE may treat ESCI similarly to CSI when multiplexing ESCI onto the PUSCH, but may map ESCI onto the PUSCH resource after completing the mapping of CSI Part 1 and CSI Part 2. In other words, ESCI may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource according to the mapping rules of CSI Part 1 and CSI Part 2, but may be stipulated to be mapped after the mapping of CSI Part 2 is completed. For example, referring to FIG. 22, the UE may map DMRS, HARQ-ACK, CSI, ESCI, and UL-SCH data onto the PUSCH resource in the order of DMRS > HARQ-ACK > CSI Part 1 > CSI Part 2 > ESCI > UL-SCH data, and the BS may assume this and receive or decode UCI, ESCI, and UL-SCH data on the PUSCH resource.

[0224] * Case 3

[0225] Downlink DMRS and CSI-RS for the same UE typically apply the same analog beamforming. However, while precoding is applied to downlink DMRS, precoding is not applied to CSI-RS. Even if the UE cannot know which precoding is applied to the downlink DMRS, the BS that transmitted the downlink DMRS knows the precoding applied to the downlink DMRS. Therefore, even if the UE only feeds back channel information acquired through DMRS, the BS may be able to estimate ESCI, the channel information acquired through CSI-RS without precoding. This may lead to a situation where CSI reporting is unnecessary. Considering this, if DMRS is configured or indicated as a downlink signal for ESCI measurement and CSI reporting is also configured, the UE may report ESCI or both CSI and ESCI depending on the configuration bit. For example, i) a DMRS configuration for sensing and / or a CSI-RS configuration for sensing and ii) a sensing report configuration may be provided to the UE by the BS, and if a particular bit in the sensing report configuration has a first value, the UE may report only ESCI, and if it has a second value, the UE may report both ESCI and CSI. In some implementations, the sensing report configuration may be provided to the UE separately from the DMRS configuration for sensing and the CSI-RS configuration for sensing. Alternatively, the DMRS configuration for sensing and / or the CSI-RS configuration for sensing may be provided to the UE via RRC signaling, and a sensing report command including the configuration bit may be provided to the UE via DCI or MAC CE. In some implementations, the sensing report configuration or the configuration bit may be included in the DMRS configuration for sensing or the CSI-RS configuration for sensing and provided to the UE.

[0226] In some implementations, when instructed to report only ESCI, DMRS, HARQ-ACK, ESCI and UL-SCH data may be mapped onto PUSCH resources in the order of DMRS > HARQ-ACK > ESCI > UL-SCH data (see FIG. 21), and the BS may assume this and receive or decode UCI, ESCI and UL-SCH data on PUSCH resources.

[0227] In some implementations, when instructed to report both ESCI and CSI, DMRS, HARQ-ACK, CSI, ESCI and UL-SCH data may be mapped onto PUSCH resources in the order of DMRS > HARQ-ACK > CSI Part 1 > CSI Part 2 > ESCI > UL-SCH data (see FIG. 22), and the BS may assume this and receive or decode UCI, ESCI and UL-SCH data on PUSCH resources.

[0228] In some implementations, portions of CSI Part 1 and / or CSI Part 2 may be transmitted on the PUSCH together with the ESCI. For example, parameter(s) determined by the UE's intent or UE capability among the parameters PMI, RI, LI, and CQI may be transmitted on the PUSCH together with the ESCI.

[0229] A UE may perform operations according to some implementations of the present disclosure in connection with transmitting sensing information. The UE may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations according to some implementations of the present disclosure. A processing device for the UE may include at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations according to some implementations of the present disclosure. A computer-readable (non-transitory) storage medium may store at least one computer program comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations according to some implementations of the present disclosure. A computer program or computer program product may be recorded on at least one computer-readable (non-transitory) storage medium and may contain instructions that, when executed, cause (at least one processor) to perform operations according to some implementations of the present specification.In the UE, the processing device, the computer-readable (non-transitory) storage medium, and / or the computer program product, the method or operations include: receiving a sensing-related setting; receiving a downlink signal for sensing based on the sensing-related setting; acquiring sensing information based on the downlink signal for sensing; and mapping the sensing information onto a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resource; and transmitting the sensing information on the PUSCH resource, wherein the sensing information may be at least first type sensing information or second type sensing information.

[0230] In some implementations, based on the sensing information being the first type sensing information, the sensing information may be added to hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) information. Based on the sizes of the sensing information and the HARQ-ACK information being less than or equal to a predefined value, the sensing information and the HARQ-ACK information may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource through puncturing. Based on the sizes of the sensing information and the HARQ-ACK information being greater than the predefined value, the sensing information and the HARQ-ACK information may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource through rate matching.

[0231] In some implementations, based on the sensing information being the first type sensing information and the PUSCH resource including a plurality of non-consecutive orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols for a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), the sensing information may be mapped to a last OFDM symbol among the plurality of non-consecutive OFDM symbols.

[0232] In some implementations, based on the sensing information being the first type sensing information and the PUSCH resource including a single orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a single set of consecutive OFDM symbols for a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), the sensing information may be mapped to an OFDM symbol following an OFDM symbol to which hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) information is mapped.

[0233] In some implementations, based on the sensing information being the first type of sensing information, the sensing information may be added to channel state information (CSI). The sensing information and the CSI may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource with a lower priority than hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) information and a higher priority than uplink data.

[0234] In some implementations, the CSI may be CSI Part 1.

[0235] In some implementations, the CSI may be CSI Part 2.

[0236] In some implementations, based on the sensing information being the first type sensing information, the sensing information may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource after channel state information (CSI) is mapped, and based on the number of bits of hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) information mapped onto the PUSCH resource being less than or equal to a predefined value, the sensing information may be mapped to resource elements excluding resource elements reserved for HARQ-ACK transmission.

[0237] In some implementations, the sensing-related configuration may include a first channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) configuration for measuring the second type of sensing information. Based on the first CSI-RS configuration being identical to a second CSI-RS configuration for measuring channel state information (CSI), the second type of sensing information may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource as the sensing information.

[0238] In some implementations, based on the first CSI-RS configuration being identical to the second CSI-RS configuration, no CSI may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource.

[0239] In some implementations, the second type sensing information may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource with the next priority after hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) information.

[0240] In some implementations, the second type sensing information and the CSI may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource based on the first CSI-RS configuration and the second CSI-RS configuration being different.

[0241] In some implementations, the second type sensing information may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource after the CSI is mapped.

[0242] In some implementations, the sensing-related configuration may include a configuration related to a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for measuring the second type sensing information. The method or the operations may include: receiving a configuration for reporting channel state information (CSI); receiving a sensing information transmission command including a configuration bit. Based on the configuration bit being a first value, the second type sensing information may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource without CSI, and based on the configuration bit being a second value, the second type information may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource together with the CSI.

[0243] A BS may perform operations according to some implementations of the present disclosure in connection with receiving sensing information. The BS may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations according to some implementations of the present disclosure. A processing device for the BS may include at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations according to some implementations of the present disclosure. A computer-readable (non-transitory) storage medium may store at least one computer program comprising instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations according to some implementations of the present disclosure. A computer program or computer program product may be recorded on at least one computer-readable (non-transitory) storage medium and may include instructions that, when executed, cause (at least one processor) to perform operations according to some implementations of the present disclosure. In the BS, the processing device, the computer-readable (non-transitory) storage medium, and / or the computer program product, the method or operations include: transmitting a sensing-related setting; transmitting a downlink signal for sensing based on the sensing-related setting; and receiving sensing information related to the downlink signal for sensing on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resource, wherein the sensing information may be at least first type sensing information or second type sensing information.

[0244] In some implementations, based on the sensing information being the first type sensing information, the sensing information may be added to hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) information. Based on the sizes of the sensing information and the HARQ-ACK information being less than or equal to a predefined value, the sensing information and the HARQ-ACK information may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource through puncturing. Based on the sizes of the sensing information and the HARQ-ACK information being greater than the predefined value, the sensing information and the HARQ-ACK information may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource through rate matching.

[0245] In some implementations, based on the sensing information being the first type sensing information and the PUSCH resource including a plurality of non-consecutive orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols for a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), the sensing information may be mapped to a last OFDM symbol among the plurality of non-consecutive OFDM symbols.

[0246] In some implementations, based on the sensing information being the first type sensing information and the PUSCH resource including a single orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a single set of consecutive OFDM symbols for a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), the sensing information may be mapped to an OFDM symbol following an OFDM symbol to which hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) information is mapped.

[0247] In some implementations, based on the sensing information being the first type of sensing information, the sensing information may be added to channel state information (CSI). The sensing information and the CSI may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource with a lower priority than hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) information and a higher priority than uplink data.

[0248] In some implementations, the CSI may be CSI Part 1.

[0249] In some implementations, the CSI may be CSI Part 2.

[0250] In some implementations, based on the sensing information being the first type sensing information, the sensing information may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource after channel state information (CSI) is mapped, and based on the number of bits of hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) information mapped onto the PUSCH resource being less than or equal to a predefined value, the sensing information may be mapped to resource elements excluding resource elements reserved for HARQ-ACK transmission.

[0251] In some implementations, the sensing-related configuration may include a first channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) configuration for measuring the second type of sensing information. Based on the first CSI-RS configuration being identical to a second CSI-RS configuration for measuring channel state information (CSI), the second type of sensing information may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource as the sensing information.

[0252] In some implementations, based on the first CSI-RS configuration being identical to the second CSI-RS configuration, no CSI may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource.

[0253] In some implementations, the second type sensing information may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource with the next priority after hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) information.

[0254] In some implementations, the second type sensing information and the CSI may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource based on the first CSI-RS configuration and the second CSI-RS configuration being different.

[0255] In some implementations, the second type sensing information may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource after the CSI is mapped.

[0256] In some implementations, the sensing-related configuration may include a configuration related to a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for measuring the second type sensing information. The method or the operations may include: transmitting a configuration for reporting channel state information (CSI); transmitting a sensing information transmission command including a configuration bit. Based on the configuration bit being a first value, the second type sensing information may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource without CSI, and based on the configuration bit being a second value, the second type information may be mapped onto the PUSCH resource together with the CSI.

[0257] According to some implementations of the aforementioned specification, TDI, which expresses information important to sensing services with a small number of bits, can be effectively provided to the network. According to some implementations of the aforementioned specification, ESCI, which can replace the existing CSI, can be effectively provided to the network.

Claims

1. When a user device transmits sensing information in a wireless communication system, Receive sensing related settings; Receive a downlink signal for sensing based on the above sensing-related settings; Obtaining sensing information based on the above downlink signal for sensing; and Mapping the above sensing information onto physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resources; Including transmitting the sensing information on the PUSCH resource, The above sensing information is at least first type sensing information or second type sensing information, Method for transmitting sensing information.

2. In paragraph 1, Based on the above sensing information being the first type sensing information, the sensing information is added to hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) information, Based on the fact that the sizes of the sensing information and the HARQ-ACK information are less than or equal to a predefined value, the sensing information and the HARQ-ACK information are mapped onto the PUSCH resource through puncturing. Based on the size of the sensing information and the HARQ-ACK information being greater than the predefined value, the sensing information and the HARQ-ACK information are mapped onto the PUSCH resource through rate matching. Method for transmitting sensing information.

3. In paragraph 1, The sensing information is the first type sensing information, and based on the PUSCH resource including a plurality of non-consecutive orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols for a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), the sensing information is mapped to the last OFDM symbol among the plurality of non-consecutive OFDM symbols. Method for transmitting sensing information.

4. In paragraph 1, The sensing information is the first type sensing information, and based on the PUSCH resource including a single orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a single set of consecutive OFDM symbols for a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), the sensing information is mapped to an OFDM symbol following an OFDM symbol to which hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) information is mapped. Method for transmitting sensing information.

5. In paragraph 1, Based on the above sensing information being the first type sensing information, the sensing information is added to channel state information (CSI), The sensing information and the CSI are mapped onto the PUSCH resource with a lower priority than hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) information and a higher priority than uplink data. Method for transmitting sensing information.

6. In paragraph 5, The above CSI is CSI Part 1, Method for transmitting sensing information.

7. In paragraph 6, The above CSI is CSI Part 2, Method for transmitting sensing information.

8. In paragraph 1, Based on the above sensing information being the first type sensing information, the sensing information is mapped onto the PUSCH resource after channel state information (CSI) is mapped. Based on the fact that the number of bits of hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) information mapped on the PUSCH resource is less than or equal to a predefined value, the sensing information is mapped to resource elements excluding resource elements reserved for HARQ-ACK transmission. Method for transmitting sensing information.

9. In paragraph 1, The above sensing-related settings include a first channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) setting for measuring the second type sensing information, Based on the above first CSI-RS configuration being the same as the second CSI-RS configuration for measuring channel state information (CSI), the second type sensing information is mapped onto the PUSCH resource as the sensing information. Method for transmitting sensing information.

10. In paragraph 9, Based on the above first CSI-RS configuration being the same as the above second CSI-RS configuration, no CSI is mapped on the PUSCH resource. Method for transmitting sensing information.

11. In paragraph 9, The second type sensing information is mapped on the PUSCH resource with the next priority of hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) information. Method for transmitting sensing information.

12. In paragraph 9, Based on the difference between the first CSI-RS setting and the second CSI-RS setting, the second type sensing information and the CSI are mapped onto the PUSCH resource. Method for transmitting sensing information.

13. In paragraph 12, The second type sensing information is mapped onto the PUSCH resource after the CSI is mapped. Method for transmitting sensing information.

14. In paragraph 1, The above sensing-related settings include settings related to a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for measuring the second type sensing information, and the method comprises: Receive settings for reporting channel state information (CSI); and Including receiving a sensing information transmission command including a setup bit, Based on the above setting bit being the first value, the second type sensing information is mapped onto the PUSCH resource without CSI, Based on the above setting bit being the second value, the second type information is mapped on the PUSCH resource together with the CSI. Method for transmitting sensing information.

15. When a user device transmits sensing information in a wireless communication system, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one computer memory operably connectable to said at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause said at least one processor to perform operations, said operations comprising: Receive sensing related settings; Receive a downlink signal for sensing based on the above sensing-related settings; Obtaining sensing information based on the above downlink signal for sensing; and Mapping the above sensing information onto physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resources; Including transmitting the sensing information on the PUSCH resource, The above sensing information is at least first type sensing information or second type sensing information, User device.

16. In a processing device in a wireless communication system, at least one processor; and At least one computer memory operably connectable to said at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause said at least one processor to perform operations, said operations comprising: Receive sensing related settings; Receive a downlink signal for sensing based on the above sensing-related settings; Obtaining sensing information based on the above downlink signal for sensing; and Mapping the above sensing information onto physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resources; Including transmitting the sensing information on the PUSCH resource, The above sensing information is at least first type sensing information or second type sensing information, Processing device.

17. In a computer-readable storage medium, The storage medium stores at least one program code comprising instructions that, when executed, cause at least one processor to perform operations, the operations comprising: Receive sensing related settings; Receive a downlink signal for sensing based on the above sensing-related settings; Obtaining sensing information based on the above downlink signal for sensing; and Mapping the above sensing information onto physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resources; Including transmitting the sensing information on the PUSCH resource, The above sensing information is at least first type sensing information or second type sensing information, Storage media.

18. When a base station receives sensing information in a wireless communication system, Send sensing related settings; Transmitting a downlink signal for sensing based on the above sensing-related settings; and It includes receiving sensing information related to the above downlink signal for sensing on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resource, The above sensing information is at least first type sensing information or second type sensing information, Method of receiving sensing information.

19. When a base station receives sensing information in a wireless communication system, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one computer memory operably connectable to said at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause said at least one processor to perform operations, said operations comprising: Send sensing related settings; Transmitting a downlink signal for sensing based on the above sensing-related settings; and It includes receiving sensing information related to the above downlink signal for sensing on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resource, The above sensing information is at least first type sensing information or second type sensing information, Base station.

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