Battery state monitoring method, battery management system, electronic device, and power device

Abstract

A battery state monitoring method, comprising: acquiring battery sampling information collected by battery sampling modules (S1), the number of the battery sampling modules being at least two, and at least one of the battery sampling modules sending and / or receiving the battery sampling information by means of a photoelectric wireless communication method; determining the communication quality of the photoelectric wireless communication method on the basis of the battery sampling information (S2); and performing battery thermal runaway warning on the basis of the communication quality of the photoelectric wireless communication method. Also disclosed are a battery management system, an electronic device, a non-volatile readable storage medium, and a power device.

Description

Battery state monitoring method, battery management system, electronic device and electric energy device

[0001] Cross-reference to Related Applications

[0002] The present application claims priority to the Chinese patent application No. 202410887056.7, filed on July 3, 2024, and entitled "Battery state monitoring method, battery management system, electronic device and electric energy device", the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of vehicles, and in particular to a battery state monitoring method, a battery management system, an electronic device and an electric energy device. BACKGROUND

[0004] At present, over-temperature caused by internal short circuit of battery cells can lead to thermal runaway of the battery. However, the existing battery management system is difficult to monitor whether the battery has thermal runaway in time, so it is difficult to accurately and timely warn the battery thermal runaway.

[0005] SUMMARY

[0006] The present disclosure aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, one purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a battery state monitoring method, which can timely alarm when the battery has thermal runaway, so that the user can take corresponding measures against the battery thermal runaway.

[0007] A second purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a battery management system.

[0008] A third purpose of the present disclosure is to provide an electronic device.

[0009] A fourth purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a non-volatile readable storage medium.

[0010] A fifth purpose of the present disclosure is to provide an electric energy device.

[0011] To solve the above problems, the first aspect of the present disclosure provides a battery state monitoring method, comprising: obtaining battery sampling information of a battery sampling module, the number of the battery sampling modules is at least two, and at least one of the battery sampling modules sends and / or receives the battery sampling information through an optoelectronic wireless communication mode; determining the communication quality of the optoelectronic wireless communication mode according to the battery sampling information; and performing battery thermal runaway warning according to the communication quality of the optoelectronic wireless communication mode.

[0012] According to the battery state monitoring method, the battery sampling information is transmitted or received by the at least one battery sampling module through the photoelectric wireless communication mode. Since smoke is generated when the battery is in thermal runaway, the smoke affects the photoelectric wireless communication, and thus the battery sampling information may be incorrect. Therefore, the communication quality of the photoelectric wireless communication mode can be used to determine whether the battery is in thermal runaway, so that an alarm can be given in time when the battery is in thermal runaway, so as to remind the user to take corresponding measures in time.

[0013] In some embodiments, the communication quality of the photoelectric wireless communication mode is determined according to the battery sampling information, including determining the communication quality of the daisy chain topology in which the plurality of battery sampling modules are located according to the battery sampling information.

[0014] In some embodiments, the communication between each module in the daisy chain topology is optical communication.

[0015] In some embodiments, the communication quality of the daisy chain topology is represented as a plurality of different optical communication failure levels; the battery thermal runaway early warning is performed according to the communication quality of the photoelectric wireless communication mode, including: when a plurality of optical communication failures occur in the daisy chain topology and the optical communication failure levels corresponding to the plurality of optical communication failures show a serious trend, it is determined that the battery is in thermal runaway.

[0016] In some embodiments, the plurality of optical communication failure levels include at least two of failure one, failure two, failure three and failure four in order of increasing severity; the failure one is that the battery sampling information has a continuous error code, the failure two is that the daisy chain topology has a single point disconnection according to the battery sampling information, the failure three is that the battery sampling information collected by part of the battery sampling modules is lost, and the failure four is that the battery sampling information collected by all the battery sampling modules is lost.

[0017] In some embodiments, the plurality of optical communication failure levels include the failure one, the failure two, the failure three and the failure four; the failure one corresponds to a first thermal runaway alarm index value, the failure two corresponds to a second thermal runaway alarm index value, the failure three corresponds to a third thermal runaway alarm index value, and the failure four corresponds to a fourth thermal runaway alarm index value; the first thermal runaway alarm index value is less than the second thermal runaway alarm index value, which is less than the third thermal runaway alarm index value, which is less than the fourth thermal runaway alarm index value; when at least two of the first thermal runaway alarm index value, the second thermal runaway alarm index value, the third thermal runaway alarm index value and the fourth thermal runaway alarm index value are detected, and the at least two values show an increasing trend, it is determined that the battery is in thermal runaway.

[0018] The second aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure provides a battery management system, comprising a plurality of battery sampling modules and a battery management master module, each of the battery sampling modules is configured to collect battery sampling information of a corresponding battery cell in a battery pack, at least one of the battery sampling modules is configured to send and / or receive the battery sampling information through an optoelectronic wireless communication mode; and the battery management master module is configured to execute the battery state monitoring method in the above embodiments.

[0019] The battery management system according to the embodiments of the present disclosure can monitor whether the battery is in thermal runaway through the communication quality of the optoelectronic wireless communication mode of the battery sampling module, so as to timely alarm when the battery is in thermal runaway, thereby reminding the user to take corresponding measures against the thermal runaway of the battery.

[0020] In some embodiments, the battery management master module and the plurality of battery sampling modules are connected in a daisy chain topology.

[0021] In some embodiments, the battery management master module and each of the battery sampling modules comprise the optical communication unit for optical communication.

[0022] In some embodiments, in the daisy chain topology, the optoelectronic wireless communication is performed between two adjacent battery sampling modules through the optical communication unit, and the optical communication is performed between the battery management master module and the connected battery sampling modules through the optical communication unit.

[0023] In some embodiments, the optical communication unit in the battery management master module is connected with the optical communication unit in the battery sampling module at the first end of the daisy chain topology through a light guide medium; and / or, the optical communication unit in the battery management master module is connected with the optical communication unit in the battery sampling module at the second end of the daisy chain topology through the light guide medium.

[0024] In some embodiments, the optical communication unit comprises two optical communication modules, one of the optical communication modules is configured to send information in a first information transmission direction of the daisy chain topology and receive information in a second information transmission direction of the daisy chain topology, and the other of the optical communication modules is configured to send information in the second information transmission direction of the daisy chain topology and receive information in the first information transmission direction of the daisy chain topology.

[0025] In some embodiments, each of the battery sampling modules further comprises a sampling unit connected with the optical communication unit in the battery sampling module, and configured to sample the battery sampling information of the monitored battery cell.

[0026] In some embodiments, the sampling unit comprises a first transmitting port and a first receiving port; both the first transmitting port and the first receiving port are connected to one of the optical communication modules in the optical communication unit of the battery sampling module where the sampling unit is located, so as to realize information transmission and reception between the sampling unit and the adjacent module in the first information transmission direction.

[0027] In some embodiments, the sampling unit further comprises a second transmitting port and a second receiving port; both the second transmitting port and the second receiving port are connected to another one of the optical communication modules in the optical communication unit of the battery sampling module where the sampling unit is located, so as to realize information transmission and reception between the sampling unit and the adjacent module in the second information transmission direction.

[0028] In some embodiments, the battery management master module further comprises a master control unit connected to the optical communication unit in the battery management master module, for sending master control instructions and obtaining battery sampling information sampled by each battery sampling module.

[0029] In some embodiments, the master control unit comprises a third transmitting port and a third receiving port; both the third transmitting port and the third receiving port are connected to one of the optical communication modules in the optical communication unit of the battery management master module, so as to realize information transmission and reception between the master control unit and the battery sampling module at the first end in the daisy chain topology.

[0030] In some embodiments, the master control unit further comprises a fourth transmitting port and a fourth receiving port; both the fourth transmitting port and the fourth receiving port are connected to another one of the optical communication modules in the optical communication unit of the battery management master module, so as to realize information transmission and reception between the master control unit and the battery sampling module at the second end in the daisy chain topology.

[0031] In some embodiments, each optical communication module comprises an electro-optical conversion circuit connected to the corresponding transmitting port of the sampling unit of the battery sampling module where the optical communication module is located or the corresponding transmitting port of the master control unit of the battery management master module, for converting an electrical signal of transmitted information into an optical signal; and an opto-electric conversion circuit connected to the corresponding receiving port of the sampling unit of the battery sampling module where the optical communication module is located or the corresponding receiving port of the master control unit of the battery management master module, for converting an optical signal of received information into an electrical signal.

[0032] In some embodiments, the electric-optical conversion circuit comprises: a first resistor, a first end of the first resistor being connected with a corresponding transmitting port of the sampling unit or the master control unit; a first switch tube, a control end of the first switch tube being connected with a second end of the first resistor, a first end of the first switch tube being grounded; a second resistor, a first end of the second resistor being connected with the second end of the first resistor and the control end of the first switch tube, a second end of the second resistor being grounded; a light-emitting unit, a first end of the light-emitting unit being connected with a second end of the first switch tube; and a third resistor, a first end of the third resistor being connected with a second end of the light-emitting unit, a second end of the third resistor being connected with a preset power supply.

[0033] In some embodiments, the photoelectric conversion circuit comprises: a photosensitive device, a first end of the photosensitive device being connected with a preset power supply; a fourth resistor, a first end of the fourth resistor being connected with a second end of the photosensitive device, a second end of the fourth resistor being grounded; and a fifth resistor, a first end of the fifth resistor being connected with the second end of the photosensitive device, a second end of the fifth resistor being connected with a corresponding receiving port of the sampling unit or the master control unit.

[0034] In some embodiments, the optical communication unit comprises an infrared optical communication unit.

[0035] The third aspect of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, comprising: at least one processor; a memory connected with the at least one processor in communication; the memory has a computer program which can be executed by the at least one processor, and the at least one processor executes the computer program to realize the battery state monitoring method of the above-mentioned embodiments.

[0036] The electronic device according to the embodiments of the present disclosure can monitor whether the battery has thermal runaway according to the communication quality of the photoelectric wireless communication mode of the battery sampling module, so as to alarm in time when the battery has thermal runaway, so as to facilitate the user to take corresponding measures when the battery has thermal runaway.

[0037] The fourth aspect of the present disclosure provides a non-volatile readable storage medium, which has a computer program stored thereon, and the computer program is executed to realize the battery state monitoring method of the above-mentioned embodiments.

[0038] The fifth aspect of the present disclosure provides an electric energy device, comprising: a battery pack; and the battery management system of the above-mentioned embodiments, the battery management system being connected with the battery pack.

[0039] According to the battery management system of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the battery sampling information is transmitted or received by the at least one battery sampling module through the optical wireless communication mode. When the battery is in thermal runaway, smoke is generated, which affects the optical wireless communication. Therefore, the communication quality of the optical wireless communication mode can be used to determine whether the battery is in thermal runaway, so that the user can be timely reminded to take corresponding measures when the battery is in thermal runaway.

[0040] Additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will be described in the following description, become apparent from the following description, or be learned by practice of the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0041] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description, taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0042] FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a battery state monitoring method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0043] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the spreading direction of the smoke of the battery thermal runaway according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0044] FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a battery state monitoring method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0045] FIG. 4 is a structural block diagram of a battery management system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0046] FIG. 5 is a structural block diagram of a battery management system according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0047] FIG. 6 is a structural block diagram of an optical communication unit according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0048] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the information transmission of the battery management system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0049] FIG. 8 is a structural block diagram of a battery sampling module according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0050] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a battery sampling module according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0051] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a battery sampling module according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0052] FIG. 11 is a structural block diagram of a battery management master module according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0053] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an electro-optical conversion circuit according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0054] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an optical-electric conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0055] FIG. 14 is an exemplary structural block diagram of an optical communication unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0056] FIG. 15 is a structural block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0057] FIG. 16 is a structural block diagram of an electric energy device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0058] FIG. 16 is a structural block diagram of an electric energy device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] Embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0060] To solve the above problems, the first aspect embodiment of the present disclosure provides a battery state monitoring method. By using the method, the battery thermal runaway can be monitored in time, so that the user can take corresponding measures when the battery thermal runaway occurs.

[0061] The battery state monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is described below with reference to FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 1, the method includes at least steps S1-S3.

[0062] In step S1, battery sampling information of a battery sampling module is acquired.

[0063] Specifically, a plurality of battery sampling modules are connected to a plurality of battery units in a battery pack to collect corresponding battery sampling information. The battery unit can be one or more battery monomers. A battery management master module of a battery management system acquires the battery sampling information collected by each battery sampling module. The battery sampling information can be understood as information that can reflect the running state of the battery. The battery sampling information includes voltage, current, capacity, and temperature information of the battery, and the like, without limitation.

[0064] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the number of battery sampling modules is at least two, at least one battery sampling module transmits and / or receives battery sampling information through photoelectric wireless communication mode, for example, transmits the collected battery sampling information or receives information transmitted by other modules through infrared light signals or other wireless light signals.

[0065] In step S2, the communication quality of the photoelectric wireless communication mode is determined according to the battery sampling information.

[0066] In step S3, the battery thermal runaway early warning is performed according to the communication quality of the photoelectric wireless communication mode.

[0067] Specifically, the over-temperature caused by the internal short circuit of the battery cell will cause the battery to have thermal runaway, and the smoke generated by the failure of the battery cell will affect the transmission of the battery sampling information between the modules using photoelectric wireless communication mode, such as blocking the transmission signal, and further causing the loss or no code of the received battery sampling information or even the consequence of not receiving the battery sampling information. Based on this, the transmission quality of the battery sampling information can be determined according to the battery sampling information, that is, the communication quality of the photoelectric wireless communication on the transmission path is identified according to the battery sampling information, for example, whether the photoelectric wireless communication path is blocked by the smoke caused by the battery thermal runaway to cause no code or information loss, and then the communication quality of the photoelectric wireless communication mode, that is, the transmission quality of the battery sampling information, is used to determine whether the battery has thermal runaway, so that the battery thermal runaway can be timely alarmed when the battery has thermal runaway, so as to remind the user to take corresponding measures against the battery thermal runaway.

[0068] For example, the battery management master module determines the communication quality of the optical wireless communication mode by judging whether error code information appears in the battery sampling information collected by each battery sampling module and by judging the integrity of the battery sampling information collected by each battery sampling module, that is, the transmission quality of all the acquired battery sampling information, and then determines whether the battery has thermal runaway by the communication quality of the optical wireless communication mode, that is, the transmission quality of all the acquired battery sampling information. For example, the communication quality of the optical wireless communication mode is compared with the communication quality of the optical wireless communication mode when the battery has thermal runaway, that is, the transmission quality of all the acquired battery sampling information is compared with the transmission quality of all the acquired battery sampling information when the battery has thermal runaway, or the change of the communication quality of the optical wireless communication mode is compared with the change of the communication quality of the optical wireless communication mode when the battery has thermal runaway, that is, the change of the transmission quality of all the battery sampling information is compared with the change of the transmission quality of all the battery sampling information when the battery has thermal runaway. If they are consistent, it is determined that the battery has thermal runaway. Thus, in this application, the communication quality of the optical wireless communication mode can be used to determine whether the battery has thermal runaway, so that timely alarm can be given when the battery has thermal runaway, so that the user can take corresponding measures against the thermal runaway of the battery.

[0069] According to the battery state monitoring method of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the battery sampling information is transmitted or received by at least one battery sampling module through optical wireless communication. Since smoke is generated when the battery has thermal runaway, the smoke affects the optical wireless communication and may cause errors in the battery sampling information. Therefore, the communication quality of the optical wireless communication is identified by the battery sampling information, and then the communication quality of the optical wireless communication can be used to determine whether the battery has thermal runaway, so that timely alarm can be given when the battery has thermal runaway, so that the user can be reminded to take corresponding measures against the thermal runaway of the battery.

[0070] In some embodiments, the plurality of battery sampling modules and the battery management master module are connected in a daisy chain topology. The daisy chain topology is a linear topology structure, that is, the battery management master module and the plurality of battery sampling modules are connected in sequence along a straight line to form a link, or the daisy chain topology is a ring topology structure, that is, the battery management master module 3 and the plurality of battery sampling modules 2 are connected in sequence to form a ring structure, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, the first battery sampling module, the second battery sampling module, the Kth battery sampling module and the battery management master module 3 are connected in a daisy chain topology, and the battery thermal runaway early warning is performed according to the battery sampling information, including the following steps. The communication quality of the daisy chain topology is determined according to the battery sampling information collected by each battery sampling module.

[0071] For example, the battery management master module determines the communication quality of the daisy chain topology by judging whether error code information appears in the battery sampling information collected by each battery sampling module and by judging the completeness of the battery sampling information collected by each battery sampling module. For example, if the battery management master module determines that error code information appears in the battery sampling information collected by each battery sampling module, it is determined that the communication quality of the daisy chain topology is good. If the battery management master module determines that the battery sampling information of some battery sampling modules is lost, it is determined that the communication quality of the daisy chain topology is poor. If the battery management master module determines that the battery sampling information of all battery sampling modules is lost, it is determined that the communication quality of the daisy chain topology is very poor.

[0072] The battery is determined to have thermal runaway according to the communication quality of the daisy chain topology.

[0073] For example, the battery management master module determines the communication quality of the daisy chain topology by judging whether error code information appears in the battery sampling information collected by each battery sampling module and by judging the completeness of the battery sampling information collected by each battery sampling module. For example, if the battery management master module determines that error code information appears in the battery sampling information collected by each battery sampling module, it is determined that the communication quality of the daisy chain topology is good. If the battery management master module determines that the battery sampling information of some battery sampling modules is lost, it is determined that the communication quality of the daisy chain topology is poor. If the battery management master module determines that the battery sampling information of all battery sampling modules is lost, it is determined that the communication quality of the daisy chain topology is very poor.

[0074] In an embodiment, the light communication quality of the daisy chain topology is determined according to the battery sampling information collected by each battery sampling module.

[0075] Specifically, because smoke diffuses in the daisy chain topology, the smoke between the modules scatters, absorbs or reflects the light signals transmitted between the modules in the daisy chain topology, causing the light signals to be attenuated in the transmission process, thereby reducing the quality of the light signals, i.e., the light communication quality of the daisy chain topology is reduced. At this time, error code information appears in the battery sampling information. When the smoke diffuses to a certain extent, it will completely block the light signals transmitted between the battery sampling modules in the daisy chain topology, causing the light signals to be unable to transmit information, so that the light communication quality of the daisy chain topology is further reduced. At this time, the battery sampling information is lost. Based on this, the light communication quality of the daisy chain topology can be determined according to the battery sampling information collected by each battery sampling module.

[0076] For example, the battery management master module determines the quality of the optical communication of the daisy chain topology by judging whether the battery sampling information collected by each battery sampling module contains error code information and by judging the completeness of the battery sampling information collected by each battery sampling module. For example, if the battery management master module determines that the battery sampling information collected by each battery sampling module contains error code information, it is determined that the quality of the optical communication of the daisy chain topology is good. If the battery management master module determines that the battery sampling information of some battery sampling modules is lost, it is determined that the quality of the optical communication of the daisy chain topology is poor. If the battery management master module determines that the battery sampling information of all battery sampling modules is lost, it is determined that the quality of the optical communication of the daisy chain topology is very poor.

[0077] The battery is determined to have thermal runaway according to the quality of the optical communication of the daisy chain topology.

[0078] Specifically, the over-temperature caused by the internal short circuit of the battery cell can cause the battery to have thermal runaway, and the smoke generated by the valve of the failed battery cell can affect the quality of the optical communication of the daisy chain topology. Therefore, the battery management master module can determine whether the battery has thermal runaway by the quality of the optical communication of the daisy chain topology, i.e., the battery management master module can determine whether the battery has thermal runaway by the quality of the optical communication between the battery sampling modules in the daisy chain topology and the battery sampling module connected to the battery management master module. For example, the quality of the optical communication of the daisy chain topology is compared with the quality of the optical communication of the daisy chain topology when the battery has thermal runaway, or the change of the quality of the optical communication of the daisy chain topology is compared with the change of the quality of the optical communication of the daisy chain topology when the battery has thermal runaway. If they are consistent, it is determined that the battery has thermal runaway. Therefore, in this application, the battery is determined to have thermal runaway by the quality of the optical communication of the daisy chain topology, so that the user can take corresponding measures when the battery has thermal runaway.

[0079] In some embodiments, the modules in the daisy chain topology communicate with each other through optical communication units, and the communication quality of the daisy chain topology is represented by a plurality of different optical communication failure levels. If multiple optical communication failures occur in the daisy chain topology and the optical communication failure levels corresponding to the multiple optical communication failures show a serious trend, it is determined that the battery has thermal runaway.

[0080] Specifically, in this application, the quality of the optical communication of the daisy chain topology is represented by the severity of the optical communication failure between the modules in the daisy chain topology in the battery management master module, and the higher the severity of the optical communication failure, the worse the quality of the optical communication of the daisy chain topology. The severity of the optical communication failure can be described according to the optical communication failure level.

[0081] For example, the optical communication fault levels can include fault one, fault two, fault three and fault four, wherein the severity of fault one, fault two, fault three and fault four is from low to high, fault one indicates that the severity of the optical communication fault is lighter, fault two indicates that the severity of the optical communication fault is higher, fault three indicates that the severity of the optical communication fault is very high, and fault four indicates that the severity of the optical communication fault is the highest, and then the characteristics of the battery sampling information corresponding to each optical communication fault level are set.

[0082] For example, the characteristics of the battery sampling information corresponding to fault one are that the battery sampling information has errors; the characteristics of the battery sampling information corresponding to fault two are that it is determined according to the battery sampling information that there is a single point disconnection in the daisy chain topology; the characteristics of the battery sampling information corresponding to fault three are that the battery sampling information collected by part of the battery sampling modules is lost; and the characteristics of the battery sampling information corresponding to fault four are that the battery sampling information collected by all the battery sampling modules is lost. Based on this, the optical communication fault level of the daisy chain topology is determined in real time according to the battery sampling information collected by each battery sampling module, and when multiple optical communication faults of the daisy chain topology optical communication are monitored in real time by the battery management master module, and the optical communication fault levels of the multiple optical communication faults detected in succession are more and more serious, it indicates that the battery has a great possibility of thermal runaway.

[0083] That is, when the battery management master module monitors the quality of the daisy chain topology optical communication in real time, the optical communication fault level of the daisy chain topology is determined in real time according to the battery sampling information of the battery sampling module in the daisy chain topology obtained, so as to determine the optical communication fault between the multiple battery sampling modules in the daisy chain topology and between the battery management master module and the battery sampling module connected thereto, and the optical communication fault may be caused by the battery sampling module fault, battery thermal runaway or other faults in the daisy chain topology. Therefore, in order to determine that the optical communication fault is caused by the battery thermal runaway, in the present application, the battery thermal runaway is determined by determining that multiple optical communication faults occur in the daisy chain topology optical communication, and the optical communication fault levels corresponding to the multiple optical communication faults show a serious trend. For example, the battery thermal runaway is determined by determining that two optical communication faults occur in the daisy chain topology optical communication and the optical communication fault levels corresponding to the two optical communication faults show a serious trend. For example, if the battery management master module detects that the battery sampling information collected by the battery sampling module in the daisy chain topology has errors at the current time, and detects that the battery sampling information of all the battery sampling modules in the daisy chain topology is lost at a time after the current time, that is, the optical communication fault level shows a serious trend, it is determined that the battery has thermal runaway.

[0084] Therefore, in the present application, whether the optical communication fault is caused by the battery thermal runaway is determined by determining that multiple optical communication faults occur in the daisy chain topology optical communication and determining that the optical communication fault levels corresponding to the multiple optical communication faults show a serious trend, so as to avoid misjudgment of the battery thermal runaway and improve the accuracy of the battery thermal runaway detection.

[0085] In some embodiments, the plurality of optical communication fault levels include fault one, fault two, fault three and fault four in order of increasing severity, where fault one corresponds to a persistent error in battery sampling information, fault two corresponds to a single point disconnect in the daisy chain topology based on the battery sampling information, fault three corresponds to a loss of battery sampling information from some battery sampling modules, and fault four corresponds to a loss of battery sampling information from all battery sampling modules.

[0086] Specifically, as the degree of thermal runaway of the battery deepens, the smoke inside the battery increases, which can cause the quality of optical communication in the daisy chain topology to decrease. That is, when the smoke diffuses in the daisy chain topology, the smoke can scatter, absorb or reflect the optical signals transmitted in the daisy chain topology, causing the optical signals to be attenuated in the transmission process, thereby reducing the quality of the optical signals, i.e., the quality of optical communication in the daisy chain topology decreases. At this time, the battery sampling information has error information, and when the smoke diffuses to a certain extent, it can completely block the optical signals transmitted between the battery sampling modules in the daisy chain topology, causing the optical signals to be unable to be transmitted, so that the quality of optical communication in the daisy chain topology is further reduced, at which time the battery sampling information is lost. Based on this, the optical communication fault level is determined based on the battery sampling information, i.e., the battery management master module determines the optical communication fault level of the optical communication in the daisy chain topology by detecting whether the battery sampling information has an error and whether the battery sampling information is lost.

[0087] For example, if smoke appears in the daisy chain topology, the smoke can scatter or absorb the optical signals transmitted between the battery sampling modules in the daisy chain topology, and also cause the attenuation and dispersion of the optical signals carrying the battery sampling information, so that the battery management master module detects that the battery sampling information has a persistent error. If the smoke spreads between two battery sampling modules in the daisy chain topology, the smoke blocks the optical communication path between the two battery sampling modules in the daisy chain topology, so that it is determined that there is a single point disconnect in the daisy chain topology. If the smoke spreads between some battery sampling modules in the daisy chain topology, at which time the smoke blocks the optical communication path between the some battery sampling modules in the daisy chain topology, i.e., the some battery sampling modules in the daisy chain topology cannot perform optical communication, then the battery management master module detects that there is a loss of battery sampling information collected by the some battery sampling modules. If the smoke spreads from the first battery sampling module to the last battery sampling module in the daisy chain topology, at which time the smoke blocks the optical communication path between all the battery sampling modules in the daisy chain topology and between the battery sampling modules and the connected battery management master modules, so that the adjacent battery sampling modules in the daisy chain topology and between the battery sampling modules and the connected battery management master modules cannot perform optical communication, then the battery management master module detects that there is a loss of battery sampling information collected by all the battery sampling modules.

[0088] For example, when the severity of the battery thermal runaway gradually increases, the smoke spreads along the direction shown in FIG. 2. Specifically, the smoke first spreads between the first battery sampling module and the second battery sampling module, at which time the optical signal communication between the first battery sampling module and the second battery sampling module is affected, the battery management master module recognizes that the quality of the optical communication between the first battery sampling module and the second battery sampling module is deteriorated, but based on the loop communication architecture of the daisy chain topology, the battery management master module can still read the battery sampling information of all the battery sampling modules. As the smoke spreads, the quality of the optical communication between the battery sampling modules deteriorates. If the first battery sampling module and the Kth battery sampling module are connected to the battery management master module through the light guide medium, then in addition to the battery sampling information of the first battery sampling module and the Kth battery sampling module transmitted through the light guide medium, the battery sampling information of the other battery sampling modules is lost. Alternatively, if the first battery sampling module and the Kth battery sampling module communicate with the battery management master module through optical signals, then the battery sampling information collected by all the battery sampling modules is lost.

[0089] In some embodiments, the detection values of various faults can be corresponded by the runaway alarm index values. For example, fault one such as continuous error code of the battery sampling information corresponds a first thermal runaway alarm index value; fault two such as single-point disconnection of the loop communication at the position not connected through the light guide medium in the daisy chain topology determined according to the battery sampling information corresponds a second thermal runaway alarm index value; fault three such as loss of the battery sampling information collected by part of the battery sampling modules corresponds a third thermal runaway alarm index value; and fault four such as loss of the battery sampling information collected by all the battery sampling modules corresponds a fourth thermal runaway alarm index value. Among them, the first thermal runaway alarm index value < the second thermal runaway alarm index value < the third thermal runaway alarm index value < the fourth thermal runaway alarm index value; when at least two of the first thermal runaway alarm index value, the second thermal runaway alarm index value, the third thermal runaway alarm index value and the fourth thermal runaway alarm index value are detected and the at least two values show an increasing trend, it is determined that the battery has a thermal runaway.

[0090] Among them, the thermal runaway alarm index value can be understood as a value used to describe the severity of the optical communication fault, the first thermal runaway alarm index value can be 1, the second thermal runaway alarm index value can be 2, the third thermal runaway alarm index value can be 3, and the fourth thermal runaway alarm index value can be 4. The first thermal runaway alarm index value, the second thermal runaway alarm index value, the third thermal runaway alarm index value and the fourth thermal runaway alarm index value only need to satisfy the size relationship, and the size of the thermal runaway alarm index value is not specifically limited.

[0091] Specifically, the optical communication fault can be caused by a battery sampling module fault, battery thermal runaway or other faults in the daisy chain topology. Therefore, in order to determine whether the optical communication fault is caused by the battery thermal runaway, at least two thermal runaway alarm indicator values are determined in the present application, and the battery thermal runaway is determined when the at least two thermal runaway alarm indicator values gradually increase. Otherwise, if the at least two thermal runaway alarm indicator values are not detected or the at least two thermal runaway alarm indicator values do not gradually increase, the thermal runaway alarm indicator values detected at this time can be caused by other reasons, and the battery thermal runaway cannot be determined. Therefore, in the present application, the battery thermal runaway is determined only when the thermal runaway alarm indicator values gradually increase, thereby avoiding misjudgment of the battery thermal runaway and improving the accuracy of the battery thermal runaway detection.

[0092] For example, if the first thermal runaway alarm indicator value and the third thermal runaway alarm indicator value are detected in sequence, it is determined that the battery has thermal runaway. Or, if the second thermal runaway alarm indicator value and the third thermal runaway alarm indicator value are detected in sequence, it is determined that the battery has thermal runaway. Or, if the second thermal runaway alarm indicator value and the fourth thermal runaway alarm indicator value are detected in sequence, it is determined that the battery has thermal runaway. Or, if the first thermal runaway alarm indicator value, the third thermal runaway alarm indicator value and the fourth thermal runaway alarm indicator value are detected in sequence, it is determined that the battery has thermal runaway. If the third thermal runaway alarm indicator value and the second thermal runaway alarm indicator value are detected in sequence, it is not determined that the battery has thermal runaway. Or, if the fourth thermal runaway alarm indicator value, the second thermal runaway alarm indicator value and the first thermal runaway alarm indicator value are detected in sequence, it is not determined that the battery has thermal runaway.

[0093] Or, when the battery management master module detects that the thermal runaway alarm indicator value gradually increases in the order of the first thermal runaway alarm indicator value, the second thermal runaway alarm indicator value, the third thermal runaway alarm indicator value and the fourth thermal runaway alarm indicator value, it is determined that the battery has thermal runaway.

[0094] The battery state monitoring method of the embodiment of the present application is illustrated below with reference to FIG. 3. The specific content is as follows.

[0095] Step S4, the BMC (Battery Management System) continuously monitors the quality of the daisy chain topology optical communication, and executes steps S5 and S6.

[0096] Step S5, the thermal runaway alarm indicator value output by the BMC is the initial thermal runaway alarm indicator value, wherein the initial thermal runaway alarm indicator value can be 0.

[0097] Step S6, determine whether the BMC detects that the battery sampling information has a continuous error code, if yes, execute steps S7 and S8, otherwise execute step S4.

[0098] Step S7, the thermal runaway alarm index value output by the BMC is a first thermal runaway alarm index value, where the first thermal runaway alarm index value can be 1.

[0099] Step S8, it is judged whether the BMC detects a single-point disconnection of the loop communication at the position connected through the light guide medium, i.e., it is judged whether the BMC detects a single-point disconnection existing at the position connected through the light guide medium in the daisy chain topology, if yes, steps S9 and S10 are executed, otherwise, step S4 is executed.

[0100] Step S9, the thermal runaway alarm index value output by the BMC is a second thermal runaway alarm index value, where the second thermal runaway alarm index value can be 2.

[0101] Step S10, it is judged whether the BMC detects loss of battery sampling information collected by part of the battery sampling modules, i.e., it is judged whether the BMC detects loss of battery sampling information of other battery sampling modules except the battery sampling information of the first battery sampling module and the Kth battery sampling module, if yes, steps S11 and S12 are executed, otherwise, step S4 is executed.

[0102] Step S11, the thermal runaway alarm index value output by the BMC is a third thermal runaway alarm index value, where the third thermal runaway alarm index value can be 3.

[0103] Step S12, it is judged whether the BMC detects loss of battery sampling information collected by all the battery sampling modules, if yes, step S13 is executed, otherwise, step S4 is executed.

[0104] Step S13, the thermal runaway alarm index value output by the BMC is a fourth thermal runaway alarm index value, where the fourth thermal runaway alarm index value can be 4.

[0105] The second aspect embodiment of the present disclosure provides a battery management system 900, as shown in FIG. 4, which includes a plurality of battery sampling modules 2 and a battery management master module 3.

[0106] The battery management master module 3 is connected with each battery sampling module 2, which can be distributed connection, linear connection or daisy chain connection, where at least one battery sampling module 2 transmits and / or receives battery sampling information through an optoelectronic wireless communication mode, so that the smoke generated during the thermal runaway of the battery will affect the communication quality of this optoelectronic wireless communication mode, for example, causing the battery sampling information to be codeless or lost, etc.

[0107] The battery management master module is used to execute the battery state monitoring method of the above-mentioned embodiments, that is, the communication quality of the optoelectronic wireless communication mode of the battery sampling module can be judged based on the battery sampling information, and then the battery thermal runaway early warning is performed based on the communication quality of the optoelectronic wireless communication mode.

[0108] The battery management master module 3 (BMC, Battery Management Control) can monitor the temperature, voltage, current and capacity of the battery pack, diagnose the health status of the battery pack in time, and warn the possible faults or safety hazards of the battery pack. The battery management system (BMS, Battery Management System) is used for intelligent management and maintenance of each battery cell 4.

[0109] According to the battery management system of the embodiments of the present disclosure, by executing the battery state monitoring method of the above-mentioned embodiments, the communication quality of the optoelectronic wireless communication mode of the battery sampling module can be judged based on the battery sampling information, and then the battery thermal runaway is monitored based on the communication quality of the optoelectronic wireless communication, so that the alarm can be given in time when the battery thermal runaway occurs, so as to timely remind the user to take corresponding measures for the battery thermal runaway.

[0110] In some embodiments, the battery management master module 3 and the plurality of battery sampling modules 2 are connected in a daisy chain topology. In examples, the daisy chain can be a one-way connection mode or a loop connection mode, which is not specifically limited here. Among them, at least one battery sampling module in the daisy chain topology transmits battery sampling information in an optoelectronic wireless communication mode.

[0111] As shown in FIG. 5, at least one battery sampling module 2 and the battery management master module 3 respectively include an optical communication unit 1.

[0112] The optical communication unit 1 of the battery management master module 3 and the optical communication unit 1 of at least one battery sampling module 2 perform optical communication to obtain the corresponding battery sampling signal.

[0113] In the related art, the existing battery sampling module 2 transmits the battery sampling information to the battery management master module 3 through a communication isolation chip or a cascade communication isolation device and a connector. The cascade communication isolation device is, for example, a communication isolation transformer or an isolation capacitor. However, when the cascade communication line bundle transmits the battery sampling information in the form of an electrical signal, the electrical signal is easily affected by electromagnetic interference and generates communication errors. In addition, when the cascade communication line bundle connection is abnormal, it is also easy to cause the problem of loss of battery sampling information.

[0114] Specifically, to solve the above problems, the battery sampling module 2 and the battery management master module 3 in the application communicate through the addition of the optical communication unit 1, and no longer need communication isolation circuits, communication connectors and cascaded communication line bundles for communication. That is, at least one battery sampling module 2 acquires the battery sampling information collected by itself, and the at least one battery sampling module 2 then transmits the acquired battery sampling information to the optical communication unit 1 of the battery management master module 3 after converting the battery sampling information from an electrical signal to an optical signal through the optical communication unit 1. Thus, compared with the existing battery sampling module 2 which transmits battery sampling information through communication isolation chips or devices, connectors and cascaded communication line bundles, the at least one battery sampling module 2 in the application transmits battery sampling information to the optical communication unit 1 of the battery management master module 3 in the form of an optical signal through the optical communication unit 1, rather than in the form of an electrical signal, thereby avoiding the problem of communication errors caused by electromagnetic interference of battery sampling information, and also avoiding the problem of loss of battery sampling information caused by abnormal cascaded communication line bundles, and without the need to set communication isolation circuits, communication connectors and cascaded communication line bundles, the cost of the battery management system 900 can be effectively reduced.

[0115] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, the battery management master module 3 and each battery sampling module 2 include an optical communication unit 1 for optical communication.

[0116] Among them, the battery management master module 3 and the plurality of battery sampling modules 2 are connected in a daisy chain topology, wherein the daisy chain topology can be a ring topology structure, as shown in FIG. 5, the battery management master module 3 and the plurality of battery sampling modules 2 are connected in sequence to form a ring structure; in the daisy chain topology, two adjacent battery sampling modules 2 are optoelectronically wirelessly communicated through the optical communication unit 1, and the battery management master module 3 and the connected battery sampling module 2 are communicated through the optical communication unit 1.

[0117] Specifically, in the daisy chain topology, each battery sampling module 2 acquires the battery sampling information collected by itself and the battery sampling information collected by other battery sampling modules 2 received through the optical communication unit 1, wherein the battery sampling information includes voltage, current, capacity and temperature information of the battery, etc., and each battery sampling module 2 further transmits the acquired battery sampling information to the adjacent battery sampling module 2 after converting the battery sampling information from an electrical signal to an optical signal through the optical communication unit 1. The optical communication unit 1 of the battery sampling module 2 connected to the battery management master module 3 transmits all the battery sampling information to the optical communication unit 1 of the battery management master module 3 after converting the battery sampling information from an electrical signal to an optical signal after acquiring all the battery sampling information of the battery sampling module 2. Thus, compared with the existing battery sampling module 2 which transmits battery sampling information through a communication isolation chip, a connector and a cascade communication wire harness, the battery sampling module 2 in the present application transmits battery sampling information to the optical communication unit 1 of the battery management master module 3 in the form of an optical signal through the optical communication unit 1, rather than in the form of an electrical signal, and the battery sampling information is also transmitted between adjacent battery sampling modules 2 in the form of an optical signal through the optical communication unit 1, thereby avoiding the problem of communication error codes caused by electromagnetic interference of the battery sampling information, and also avoiding the problem of loss of battery sampling information caused by abnormal cascade communication wire harness, and without the need to set a communication isolation circuit, a communication connector and a cascade communication wire harness, which can effectively reduce the cost of the battery management system.

[0118] For example, the plurality of battery sampling modules 2 are three battery sampling modules 2, the three battery sampling modules 2 include a first battery sampling module 2, a second battery sampling module 2 and a third battery sampling module 2, and the three battery sampling modules 2 and the battery management master module 3 are connected in a daisy chain topology, wherein the daisy chain topology is a linear topology structure, the first battery sampling module 2 is connected with the battery management master module 3, the third battery sampling module 2 transmits the collected battery sampling information to the second battery sampling module 2 by converting the battery sampling information from an electrical signal to an optical signal through the optical communication unit 1, the second battery sampling module 2 transmits the battery sampling information of the second battery sampling module 2 and the third battery sampling module 2 to the first battery sampling module 2 by converting the battery sampling information from an electrical signal to an optical signal through the optical communication unit 1, and the first battery sampling module 2 transmits the battery sampling information of the first battery sampling module 2, the second battery sampling module 2 and the third battery sampling module 2 to the battery management master module 3 by converting the battery sampling information from an electrical signal to an optical signal through the optical communication unit 1; or the three battery sampling modules 2 and the battery management master module 3 are connected in a daisy chain topology, wherein the daisy chain topology is a ring topology structure, the first battery sampling module 2 and the third battery sampling module 2 are connected with the battery management master module 3, the first battery sampling module 2 transmits the battery sampling information of the first battery sampling module 2, the second battery sampling module 2 and the third battery sampling module 2 to the battery management master module 3 by converting the battery sampling information from an electrical signal to an optical signal through the optical communication unit 1, and the third battery sampling module 2 transmits the battery sampling information of the first battery sampling module 2, the second battery sampling module 2 and the third battery sampling module 2 to the battery management master module 3 by converting the battery sampling information from an electrical signal to an optical signal through the optical communication unit 1, so that the battery sampling module 2 in the present application transmits the battery sampling information to the battery management master module 3 in the form of an optical signal through the optical communication unit 1.

[0119] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6, the optical communication unit 1 includes two optical communication modules 11. One optical communication module 11 is used for information transmission in the first information transmission direction of the daisy chain topology and information reception in the second information transmission direction of the daisy chain topology, and the other optical communication module 11 is used for information transmission in the second information transmission direction of the daisy chain topology and information reception in the first information transmission direction of the daisy chain topology.

[0120] For example, the plurality of battery sampling modules 2 includes a first battery sampling module, a second battery sampling module, and a Kth battery sampling module. One optical communication module 11 of each battery sampling module is denoted as a first optical communication module 11, and the other optical communication module 11 is denoted as a second optical communication module 11. As shown in FIG. 7, the first battery sampling module, the second battery sampling module, the Kth battery sampling module, and the battery management master module 3 are connected in a daisy chain topology. Thus, the first battery sampling module is configured to obtain battery sampling information of the first battery sampling module, and then transmit the battery sampling information in the form of an optical signal to the second optical communication module of the second battery sampling module along a first information transmission direction through the first optical communication module of the first battery sampling module. The first optical communication module of the second battery sampling module transmits the battery sampling information of the first battery sampling module and the second battery sampling module in the form of an optical signal to the second optical communication module of the Kth battery sampling module along the first information transmission direction. The first optical communication module of the Kth battery sampling module transmits the battery sampling information of the first battery sampling module, the second battery sampling module, and the Kth battery sampling module in the form of an optical signal to the battery management master module 3 along the first information transmission direction. Thus, the battery sampling information is communicated in a loop between the battery sampling module 2 and the battery management master module 3.

[0121] Alternatively, the second optical communication module of the Kth battery sampling module transmits the battery sampling information of the Kth battery sampling module in the form of an optical signal to the first optical communication module of the second battery sampling module along a second information transmission direction. The second optical communication module of the second battery sampling module transmits the battery sampling information of the second battery sampling module and the Kth battery sampling module in the form of an optical signal to the first optical communication module of the first battery sampling module along the second information transmission direction. The second optical communication module of the first battery sampling module transmits the battery sampling information of the first battery sampling module, the second battery sampling module, and the Kth battery sampling module in the form of an optical signal to the battery management master module 3 along the second information transmission direction. Thus, the battery sampling information is communicated in a forward direction between the battery sampling module 2 and the battery management master module 3.

[0122] As described above, the battery management system in the present application realizes forward and backward communication through two optical communication units 1, and the two optical communication units 1 include two optical communication modules 11.

[0123] In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 8-10, each battery sampling module 2 further includes a sampling unit 21. The sampling unit 21 is connected to the optical communication unit 1 in the battery sampling module 2 in which the sampling unit 21 is located, and is configured to sample battery sampling information of the monitored battery unit 4. That is, the sampling unit 21 of each battery sampling module 2 samples the battery sampling information of the monitored battery unit 4, and then sends the battery sampling information to the optical communication unit 1.

[0124] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 10, the sampling unit 21 comprises a first transmitting port TX1 and a first receiving port RX1; the first transmitting port TX1 and the first receiving port RX1 are both connected with one optical communication module 11 in the optical communication unit 1 of the battery sampling module 2 where the sampling unit 21 is located, so as to realize the information transceiving between the sampling unit 21 and the adjacent module in the first information transmission direction. Specifically, the optical communication module 11 connected with the first receiving port RX1 obtains the battery sampling information collected by one of the adjacent battery sampling modules 2, and converts the battery sampling information from optical signal to electrical signal, and then sends the electrical signal to the first receiving port RX1 of the sampling unit 21; the sampling unit 21 outputs the battery sampling information collected by the other of the adjacent battery sampling modules 2 to the optical communication module 11 connected with the first transmitting port TX1, and the sampling unit 21 outputs the battery sampling information collected by the battery sampling module 2 where the sampling unit 21 is located to the optical communication module 11 connected with the first transmitting port TX1, and the optical communication module 11 converts the battery sampling information from electrical signal to optical signal, and then sends the optical signal to one of the two adjacent battery sampling modules 2, thereby realizing the information transceiving between the sampling unit 21 and one of the two adjacent modules. Thus, the battery sampling module 2 transmits information in the form of optical signal instead of electrical signal, so as to avoid the problem of communication error code caused by electromagnetic interference on the signal.

[0125] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 10, the sampling unit 21 further comprises a second transmitting port TX2 and a second receiving port RX2.

[0126] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 10, the sampling unit 21 further comprises a second transmitting port TX2 and a second receiving port RX2.

[0127] Specifically, the optical communication module 11 connected with the second receiving port RX2 obtains the battery sampling information collected by the other one of the adjacent modules, and converts the battery sampling information from the optical signal to the electrical signal, and then sends the electrical signal to the second receiving port of the sampling unit 21. The sampling unit 21 outputs the battery sampling information collected by one of the adjacent modules to the optical communication module 11 connected with the second transmitting port, and outputs the battery sampling information collected by the battery sampling module 2 to the optical communication module 11 connected with the second transmitting port. The optical communication module 11 converts the battery sampling information from the electrical signal to the optical signal, and then sends the optical signal to the other one of the two adjacent modules, thereby realizing the information transceiving between the sampling unit 21 and the other one of the two adjacent modules. Thus, the battery sampling module 2 transmits information in the form of optical signal instead of electrical signal, and the problem of communication error code caused by electromagnetic interference of the signal can be avoided.

[0128] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 11, the battery management master module 3 further comprises a master control unit 31.

[0129] The master control unit 31 is connected with the optical communication unit 1 in the battery management master module 3, and is configured to send a master control instruction and obtain the battery sampling information sampled by each battery sampling module 2. That is, the optical communication unit 1 in the battery management master module 3 converts the battery sampling information sampled by each battery sampling module 2 from the optical signal to the electrical signal, and sends the electrical signal to the master control unit 31. The master control unit 31 sends the master control instruction to the optical communication unit 1 in the battery management master module 3. The master control instruction can be a signal for controlling the battery sampling module 2. The optical communication unit 1 converts the master control instruction from the electrical signal to the optical signal, and sends the optical signal to the battery sampling module 2 connected with the battery management master module 3. Thus, the battery management master module 3 or the battery sampling module 2 transmits information in the form of optical signal instead of electrical signal, and the problem of communication error code caused by electromagnetic interference of the signal can be avoided.

[0130] In some embodiments, the master control unit 31 comprises a third transmitting port 311 and a third receiving port 312. The third transmitting port 311 and the third receiving port 312 are both connected with one optical communication module 11 in the optical communication unit 1 of the battery management master module 3, so as to realize the information transceiving between the master control unit 31 and the battery sampling module 2 at the first end in the daisy chain topology.

[0131] Specifically, the optical communication module 11 connected with the third receiving port 312 acquires the battery sampling information acquired by the battery sampling module 2 at the first end of the daisy chain topology, and converts the battery sampling information from an optical signal to an electrical signal, and then sends the electrical signal to the third receiving port 312 of the main control unit 31. The main control unit 31 sends the main control instruction to the optical communication module 11 connected with the third transmitting port 311 through the third transmitting port 311, and the optical communication module 11 converts the main control instruction from an electrical signal to an optical signal, and then sends the main control instruction to the battery sampling module 2 at the first end of the daisy chain topology. Thus, the battery management main control module 3 or the battery sampling module 2 transmits information in the form of an optical signal, rather than in the form of an electrical signal, which can avoid the problem of communication error codes caused by electromagnetic interference of signals.

[0132] In some embodiments, the main control unit 31 further comprises a fourth transmitting port 313 and a fourth receiving port 314; the fourth transmitting port 313 and the fourth receiving port 314 are both connected with another optical communication module 11 in the optical communication unit 1 of the battery management main control module 3, to realize information transmission and reception between the main control unit 31 and the battery sampling module 2 at the second end of the daisy chain topology.

[0133] Specifically, the optical communication module 11 connected with the fourth receiving port 314 acquires the battery sampling information acquired by the battery sampling module 2 at the second end of the daisy chain topology, and converts the battery sampling information from an optical signal to an electrical signal, and then sends the electrical signal to the fourth receiving port 314 of the main control unit 31. The main control unit 31 sends the main control instruction to the optical communication module 11 connected with the fourth transmitting port 313 through the fourth transmitting port 313, and the optical communication module 11 converts the main control instruction from an electrical signal to an optical signal, and then sends the main control instruction to the battery sampling module 2 at the second end of the daisy chain topology. Thus, the battery management main control module 3 or the battery sampling module 2 transmits information in the form of an optical signal, rather than in the form of an electrical signal, which can avoid the problem of communication error codes caused by electromagnetic interference of signals.

[0134] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 7, the optical communication unit 1 in the battery management master module 3 is connected with the optical communication unit 1 in the battery sampling module 2 at the first end of the daisy chain topology through the light guide medium 8; and / or the optical communication unit 1 in the battery management master module 3 is connected with the optical communication unit 1 in the battery sampling module 2 at the second end of the daisy chain topology through the light guide medium 8, wherein the light guide medium 8 is used for transmitting optical signals, and the light guide medium 8 can be a light guide strip, an optical cable, an optical waveguide, etc. Since the light guide medium 8 has excellent optical performance, including low loss, high bandwidth, and anti-electromagnetic interference characteristics, the light guide medium 8 can effectively transmit optical signals, reduce signal attenuation and distortion, and is not easily disturbed by the electromagnetic environment. That is, when the battery management master module 3 and the battery sampling modules 2 at both ends of the daisy chain topology are too far apart or have structural obstructions in the straight-line distance, the battery management master module 3 and the battery sampling modules 2 at both ends of the daisy chain topology cannot transmit battery sampling information. The light guide medium 8 can be used to connect the battery management master module 3 and the battery sampling modules 2 at both ends of the daisy chain topology to overcome the problem of the distance between the modules or the structural obstructions in the straight-line distance, and to realize the transmission of battery sampling information. At the same time, the battery sampling module 2 transmits battery sampling information to the battery management master module 3 through the light guide medium 8, which can also avoid the problem of communication error codes caused by electromagnetic interference of battery sampling information.

[0135] In embodiments, the optical communication units 1 in each battery sampling module 2 can also be connected through the light guide medium 8, which can effectively improve the communication quality.

[0136] In embodiments, the light guide medium 8 for transmitting battery sampling information between the optical communication units 1 in the battery sampling module 2 can be air transmission or optical fiber transmission, or the light guide medium 8 can be similar to the upper and lower layer package structure, but at least one battery sampling module 1 communicates in an optoelectronic wireless communication manner, i.e., in air as the medium. The transmission of battery sampling information between the optical communication unit 1 in the battery management master module 3 and the optical communication unit 1 in the connected battery sampling module 2 can be air transmission or optical fiber similar to the upper and lower layer package.

[0137] In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, each optical communication module 11 includes an electro-optical conversion circuit 111 and an optoelectronic conversion circuit 112.

[0138] The electro-optical conversion circuit 111 is connected with the corresponding transmitting port of the sampling unit 21 of the battery sampling module 2 or the corresponding transmitting port of the master control unit 31 of the battery management master module 3, and is used for converting the electrical signal of the sending information into an optical signal. The optoelectronic conversion circuit 112 is connected with the corresponding receiving port of the sampling unit 21 of the battery sampling module 2 or the corresponding receiving port of the master control unit 31 of the battery management master module 3, and is used for converting the optical signal of the receiving information into an electrical signal.

[0139] For example, the optical communication module 11 of the battery sampling module 2 includes an electro-optical conversion circuit 111 and an opto-electric conversion circuit 112. The sampling unit 21 of the battery sampling module 2 outputs the collected battery sampling information to the electro-optical conversion circuit 111 connected to the transmitting port, and the electro-optical conversion circuit 111 converts the battery sampling information from an electrical signal to an optical signal. Alternatively, the opto-electric conversion circuit 112 connected to the receiving port acquires the battery sampling information of the adjacent module, converts the battery sampling information from an optical signal to an electrical signal, and then sends the electrical signal to the receiving port of the sampling unit 21. The optical communication module 11 of the battery management master module 3 includes an electro-optical conversion circuit 111 and an opto-electric conversion circuit 112. The master control unit 31 of the battery management master module 3 outputs the master control instruction to the electro-optical conversion circuit 111 connected to the transmitting port, and the electro-optical conversion circuit 111 converts the master control instruction from an electrical signal to an optical signal. Alternatively, the opto-electric conversion circuit 112 connected to the receiving port acquires the battery sampling information collected by the battery sampling modules 2 at both ends of the daisy chain topology, converts the battery sampling information from an optical signal to an electrical signal, and then sends the electrical signal to the receiving port of the master control unit 31. In this way, the battery management master module 3 or the battery sampling module 2 transmits information in the form of an optical signal instead of an electrical signal, which can avoid the problem of communication error codes caused by electromagnetic interference of signals.

[0140] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 10, the electro-optical conversion circuit 111 includes a first resistor R1, a first switch tube Q1, a second resistor R2, a light-emitting unit V, and a third resistor R3. The light-emitting unit V can be a light-emitting diode.

[0141] The first end of the first resistor R1 is connected with the corresponding transmitting port of the sampling unit 21 or the master control unit 31; the control end of the first switch tube Q1 is connected with the second end of the first resistor R1, and the first end of the first switch tube Q1 is grounded; the first end of the second resistor R2 is connected with the second end of the first resistor R1 and the control end of the first switch tube Q1, and the second end of the second resistor R2 is grounded; the first end of the light-emitting unit V is connected with the second end of the first switch tube Q1; the first end of the third resistor R3 is connected with the second end of the light-emitting unit V, and the second end of the third resistor R3 is connected with the preset power supply VCC. The first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are used for setting the driving voltage of the first switch tube Q1, and the third resistor is used for limiting the current size. The first switch tube Q1 can be a MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor), a transistor, an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor), a thyristor or a silicon carbide. In addition, it should be noted that the positions of the first resistor R1, the first switch tube Q1, the second resistor R2, the light-emitting unit V and the third resistor R3 in the electro-optical conversion circuit 111 can be adjusted.

[0142] Specifically, when the signal output by the corresponding transmitting port of the sampling unit 21 to control the working of the electro-optical conversion circuit 111 is high, the first switch tube Q1 is turned on, and the light-emitting unit V emits light to convert the electrical signal of the battery sampling information obtained at the input end of the light-emitting unit V into an optical signal; or when the signal output by the corresponding transmitting port of the master control unit 31 of the battery management master control module 3 to control the working of the electro-optical conversion circuit 111 is high, the first switch tube Q1 is turned on, and the light-emitting unit V emits light to convert the electrical signal of the master control instruction carried at the input end of the light-emitting unit V into an optical signal.

[0143] In the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 12, the electro-optical conversion circuit 111 can also be composed of a driving circuit, a second switch tube Q2, a light-emitting unit V and a sixth resistor R6. The first end of the driving circuit is connected with the transmitting port of the sampling unit 21, the second end of the driving circuit is connected with the control end of the second switch tube Q2, the third end of the driving circuit is connected with the second end of the second switch tube Q2, the driving circuit can be a PMOS tube driving circuit, the first end of the second switch tube Q2 is connected with the first end of the light-emitting unit V, the second end of the second switch tube Q2 is grounded, and the second end of the light-emitting unit V is connected with the first end of the sixth resistor R6, and the second end of the sixth resistor is grounded. In addition, it should be noted that the positions of the light-emitting unit V and the sixth resistor R6 in the electro-optical conversion circuit 111 can be adjusted.

[0144] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 10, the photoelectric conversion circuit 112 includes a photosensitive device B, a fourth resistor R4 and a fifth resistor R5.

[0145] The first end of the photosensitive device B is connected with a preset power supply VCC; the first end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected with the second end of the photosensitive device B, and the second end of the fourth resistor R4 is grounded; the first end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected with the second end of the photosensitive device B, and the second end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected with a corresponding receiving port of the sampling unit 21 or the master control unit. The fourth resistor R4 and the fifth resistor R5 are used to increase the current threshold of the photosensitive device, prevent the photosensitive device from being mis-conducted, limit the current size, and receive signals. The photosensitive device can be an optical coupler or other types of photosensitive devices such as a photosensitive resistor. The photosensitive device B can also be located at the pull-down end, i.e., close to the ground end.

[0146] Specifically, after the photoelectric conversion circuit 112 connected with the receiving port obtains the battery sampling information collected by another module in the adjacent module, and when the signal output by the corresponding receiving port of the sampling unit 21 to control the working of the photoelectric conversion circuit 112 is high, the photosensitive device B in the photoelectric conversion circuit 112 is conducted, and the photosensitive device B converts the optical signal carrying the battery sampling information into an electrical signal after receiving the optical signal, and then sends the electrical signal to the receiving port of the sampling unit 21; or when the signal output by the corresponding receiving port of the master control unit 31 of the battery management master control module 3 to control the photoelectric conversion circuit 112 is high, the photosensitive device B in the photoelectric conversion circuit 112 is conducted, and the photosensitive device B converts the optical signal carrying the battery sampling information into an electrical signal after receiving the optical signal.

[0147] In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 13, the photoelectric conversion circuit 112 can also be composed of a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8 and a photosensitive resistor R9, wherein the first end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected with the receiving port RX of the sampling unit 21, the first end of the photosensitive resistor R9 is grounded, the second end of the photosensitive resistor R9 is connected with the first end of the eighth resistor R8 and the second end of the seventh resistor R7, and the second end of the eighth resistor R8 is grounded.

[0148] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 14, the optical communication unit 1 includes an infrared light communication unit 700, the infrared light communication unit 700 of the battery sampling module 2 can convert the battery sampling information into an infrared light signal and send it to the adjacent battery sampling module 2 or the battery management master module 3; or the infrared light communication unit 700 of the battery sampling module 2 can convert the infrared light signal into the battery sampling information and send it to the sampling unit 21; the infrared light communication unit 700 of the battery management master module 3 can convert the infrared light signal into the battery sampling information and send it to the master control unit 31; the infrared light communication unit 700 of the battery management master module 3 can convert the master control instruction into an infrared light signal and send it to the battery sampling module 2 connected with the battery management master module 3.

[0149] In an embodiment, the optical communication unit 1 in the battery management master module 3 communicates with the optical communication unit 1 in the battery sampling module 2 at the first end of the daisy chain topology through infrared wireless.

[0150] In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9, the battery sampling module 2 further includes a sampling conditioning circuit 22 and an equalization circuit 23.

[0151] A third aspect of the present disclosure provides an electronic device 800, as shown in FIG. 15, which includes at least one processor 5 and a memory 6 communicatively connected with the at least one processor 5.

[0152] The memory 6 stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor 5, and the at least one processor 5 executes the computer program to implement the battery state monitoring method of the above-mentioned embodiments.

[0153] It should be noted that the specific implementation of the electronic device of the embodiments of the present disclosure is similar to the specific implementation of the battery state monitoring method of any of the above-mentioned embodiments of the present disclosure. For details, please refer to the description of the method part. In order to reduce redundancy, it will not be described here.

[0154] According to the electronic device 800 of the embodiments of the present disclosure, by executing the battery state monitoring method of the above-mentioned embodiments, the battery sampling information can be used to monitor whether the battery has thermal runaway, so that the user can take corresponding measures when the battery has thermal runaway.

[0155] A fourth aspect of the present disclosure provides a non-volatile readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed to implement the battery state monitoring method of the above-mentioned embodiments.

[0156] The fifth aspect of the present disclosure provides an electric energy device 1000, as shown in FIG. 16, which comprises a battery pack 7 and the battery management system 900 of the above-mentioned embodiments. The battery management system 900 is connected with the battery pack 7. The electric energy device 1000 can be a vehicle, an aircraft, a household appliance, an energy storage device, etc., and is not specifically limited.

[0157] According to the electric energy device 1000 of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the battery management system 900 of the above-mentioned embodiments can monitor whether the battery has thermal runaway through the battery sampling information, so as to timely alarm when the battery has thermal runaway, so as to facilitate the user to take corresponding measures for the thermal runaway of the battery.

[0158] In the description of the present specification, any process or method described in the flowchart or otherwise described herein can be understood as representing a module, a segment or a portion of code comprising one or more executable instructions for implementing custom logic functions or processes, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure includes additional implementations in which the functions can be performed in an order other than that shown or discussed, including in a substantially simultaneous manner according to the functions involved or in a reverse order, which should be understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of the present disclosure belong.

[0159] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a list of executable instructions for implementing logic functions, which can be specifically implemented in any computer readable medium for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, device or apparatus, such as a computer-based system, a system including a processor or other system that can fetch and execute instructions from the instruction execution system, device or apparatus. For the present specification, "computer readable medium" can be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate or transport programs for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, device or apparatus. More specific examples (non-exhaustive list) of computer readable medium include the following: electrical connections having one or more wires (electronic devices), portable computer diskettes (magnetic devices), random access memories (RAM), read-only memories (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memories (EPROM or flash memories), fiber optic devices, and portable compact disk read-only memories (CDROMs). In addition, the computer readable medium can even be paper or other suitable medium on which the program can be printed, as the program can be electronically obtained, for example, by optical scanning of the paper or other medium, followed by editing, interpreting or otherwise processing, if necessary, in other suitable manner, to be electronically obtained and then stored in the computer memory.

[0160] It should be understood that portions of the present disclosure can be realized with hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, a plurality of steps or methods can be realized with software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if realized with hardware and in another embodiment, any one or a combination of the following technologies known in the art can be used: discrete logic circuit with logic gate circuit for implementing logic functions on data signals, application specific integrated circuit with suitable combination logic gate circuit, programmable gate array (PGA), field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0161] Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the steps carried out by the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be completed by programs instructing related hardware, and the programs can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when executed, include one or a combination of steps of the method embodiments.

[0162] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present disclosure can be integrated into one processing module, or each unit can be physically present alone, or two or more units can be integrated into one module. The above-mentioned integrated module can be realized in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional module. When the integrated module is realized in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer readable storage medium.

[0163] The storage medium mentioned above can be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, etc. Although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described above, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limiting the present disclosure, and those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, replacements and variations to the above-mentioned embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0164] In the description of the present specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "exemplary embodiment", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In the present specification, the exemplary description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0165] Although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described, those skilled in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, replacements and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present disclosure, and the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method of monitoring the state of a battery, characterized by, The method comprises: acquiring battery sampling information collected by battery sampling modules, the number of the battery sampling modules being at least two, and at least one of the battery sampling modules sending and / or receiving the battery sampling information through an optoelectronic wireless communication mode; determining the communication quality of the optoelectronic wireless communication mode according to the battery sampling information; and performing battery thermal runaway early warning according to the communication quality of the optoelectronic wireless communication mode. The method further comprises:

2. The battery state monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized by, determining the communication quality of a daisy chain topology in which the battery sampling modules are arranged according to the battery sampling information.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein optical communication is performed between each of the battery sampling modules in the daisy chain topology.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the communication quality of the daisy chain topology is represented by a plurality of different optical communication failure levels. The method further comprises: when a plurality of optical communication failures occur in the daisy chain topology and the optical communication failure levels corresponding to the plurality of optical communication failures show a serious trend, determining that the battery has thermal runaway. The plurality of optical communication failure levels include at least two of failure one, failure two, failure three and failure four in order of increasing severity.

5. The battery state monitoring method according to claim 4, wherein The failure one is that continuous error codes occur in the battery sampling information, the failure two is that a single point in the daisy chain topology is determined to be disconnected according to the battery sampling information, the failure three is that the battery sampling information collected by part of the battery sampling modules is lost, and the failure four is that the battery sampling information collected by all of the battery sampling modules is lost. The plurality of optical communication failure levels include the failure one, the failure two, the failure three and the failure four.

6. The battery state monitoring method according to claim 5, wherein The failure one corresponds to a first thermal runaway early warning index value, the failure two corresponds to a second thermal runaway early warning index value, the failure three corresponds to a third thermal runaway early warning index value, and the failure four corresponds to a fourth thermal runaway early warning index value. The first thermal runaway early warning index value is less than the second thermal runaway early warning index value, which is less than the third thermal runaway early warning index value, which is less than the fourth thermal runaway early warning index value. When at least two of the first thermal runaway early warning index value, the second thermal runaway early warning index value, the third thermal runaway early warning index value and the fourth thermal runaway early warning index value are detected and the at least two values show an increasing trend, it is determined that the battery has thermal runaway. The method comprises:

7. A battery management system (900), characterized by, a plurality of battery sampling modules (2), each of which is used to collect battery sampling information of a corresponding battery cell (4) in a battery pack (7), and at least one of the battery sampling modules (2) sends and / or receives the battery sampling information through an optoelectronic wireless communication mode; and a battery management master module (3) configured to perform the battery state monitoring method according to any one of claims 1-6. The battery management master module (3) and the plurality of battery sampling modules (2) are connected in a daisy chain topology. ​ 8. The battery management system (900) of claim 7, wherein, ​ 9. The battery management system (900) of claim 8, wherein, The battery management master module (3) and each battery sampling module (2) comprise an optical communication unit (1) for optical communication.

10. The battery management system (900) of claim 9, wherein, In the daisy chain topology, two adjacent battery sampling modules (2) perform optical wireless communication through the optical communication unit (1), and the battery management master module (3) and the connected battery sampling module (2) perform optical communication through the optical communication unit (1).

11. The battery management system (900) according to claim 10, wherein the optical communication unit (1) in the battery management master module (3) is connected to the optical communication unit (1) in the battery sampling module (2) at the first end of the daisy chain topology through a light guide medium (8); and / or the optical communication unit (1) in the battery management master module (3) is connected to the optical communication unit (1) in the battery sampling module (2) at the second end of the daisy chain topology through the light guide medium (8).

12. The battery management system (900) according to any one of claims 9-11, characterized by, The optical communication unit (1) comprises: two optical communication modules (11), one of which is used for information transmission in the first information transmission direction of the daisy chain topology and information reception in the second information transmission direction of the daisy chain topology, and the other is used for information transmission in the second information transmission direction of the daisy chain topology and information reception in the first information transmission direction of the daisy chain topology.

13. The battery management system (900) of claim 12, wherein, Each battery sampling module (2) further comprises: a sampling unit (21) connected to the optical communication unit (1) in the battery sampling module (2) for sampling the battery sampling information of the monitored battery unit (4).

14. The battery management system (900) according to claim 13, wherein the sampling unit (21) comprises a first transmitting port (TX1) and a first receiving port (RX1); the first transmitting port (TX1) and the first receiving port (RX1) are both connected to one of the optical communication modules (11) in the optical communication unit (1) of the battery sampling module (2) where the sampling unit (21) is located, so as to realize information transmission and reception between the sampling unit (21) and the adjacent module in the first information transmission direction.

15. The battery management system (900) according to claim 14, wherein the sampling unit (21) further comprises a second transmitting port (TX2) and a second receiving port (RX2); the second transmitting port (TX2) and the second receiving port (RX2) are both connected to the other of the optical communication modules (11) in the optical communication unit (1) of the battery sampling module (2) where the sampling unit (21) is located, so as to realize information transmission and reception between the sampling unit (21) and the adjacent module in the second information transmission direction.

16. The battery management system (900) according to any one of claims 13-15, characterized by, The battery management master module (3) further comprises: A master control unit (31) connected with the optical communication unit (1) in the battery management master module (3) is configured to send master control instructions and obtain battery sampling information sampled by each battery sampling module (2).

17. The battery management system (900) of claim 16, wherein, The master control unit (31) comprises a third transmitting port (311) and a third receiving port (312); The third transmitting port (311) and the third receiving port (312) are both connected with one of the optical communication modules (11) in the optical communication unit (1) of the battery management master module (3) to realize information transmission and reception between the master control unit (31) and the battery sampling module (2) at the first end of the daisy chain topology.

18. The battery management system (900) of claim 17, wherein, The master control unit (31) further comprises a fourth transmitting port (313) and a fourth receiving port (314); The fourth transmitting port (313) and the fourth receiving port (314) are both connected with another one of the optical communication modules (11) in the optical communication unit (1) of the battery management master module (3) to realize information transmission and reception between the master control unit (31) and the battery sampling module (2) at the second end of the daisy chain topology.

19. The battery management system (900) according to any one of claims 16-18, characterized by, Each optical communication module (11) comprises: An electro-optical conversion circuit (111) connected with a corresponding transmitting port of the sampling unit (21) of the battery sampling module (2) or a corresponding transmitting port of the master control unit (31) of the battery management master module (3) to convert an electrical signal of transmitted information into an optical signal; An opto-electric conversion circuit (112) connected with a corresponding receiving port of the sampling unit (21) of the battery sampling module (2) or a corresponding receiving port of the master control unit (31) of the battery management master module (3) to convert an optical signal of received information into an electrical signal.

20. The battery management system (900) of claim 19, wherein, The electro-optical conversion circuit (111) comprises: A first resistor (R1) having a first end connected with the corresponding transmitting port of the sampling unit (21) or the master control unit (31); A first switch tube (Q1) having a control end connected with a second end of the first resistor (R1) and a first end grounded; A second resistor (R2) having a first end connected with the second end of the first resistor (R1) and the control end of the first switch tube (Q1) and a second end grounded; A light emitting unit (V) having a first end connected with a second end of the first switch tube (Q1); and A third resistor (R3) having a first end connected with a second end of the light emitting unit (V) and a second end connected with a preset power supply (VCC).

21. The battery management system (900) according to claim 19 or 20, characterized by, The opto-electric conversion circuit (112) comprises: a photosensitive device (B), a first end of the photosensitive device (B) being connected with a preset power supply (VCC); a fourth resistor (R4), a first end of the fourth resistor (R4) being connected with a second end of the photosensitive device (B), and a second end of the fourth resistor (R4) being grounded; and a fifth resistor (R5), a first end of the fifth resistor (R5) being connected with the second end of the photosensitive device (B), and a second end of the fifth resistor (R5) being connected with a corresponding receiving port of the sampling unit (21) or the master control unit (31).

22. The battery management system (900) according to any one of claims 9-21, characterized by, The optical communication unit (1) comprises an infrared optical communication unit (700).

23. An electronic device (800), characterized by Comprising: at least one processor (5); and a memory (6) in communication with the at least one processor (5); The memory (6) has a computer program stored therein, which can be executed by the at least one processor (5), and the at least one processor (5) executes the computer program to realize the battery state monitoring method according to any one of claims 1-6.

24. A non-transitory readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that, The computer program is executed to realize the battery state monitoring method according to any one of claims 1-6.

25. An electrical energy device (1000) characterized by, Comprising: a battery pack (6); and a battery management system (900) according to any one of claims 7-22, the battery management system (900) being connected with the battery pack (900).

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