Delimitation method and apparatus, device and readable storage medium

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of communications, and discloses a delimitation method and apparatus, a device and a readable storage medium. The method comprises: receiving a physical medium attachment (PMA) training sequence, the PMA training sequence comprising first data and second data, and a delimiter being comprised between the first data and the second data; identifying the delimiter in the PMA training sequence; on the basis of the delimiter, delimiting data in the PMA training sequence, to obtain a delimitation result. The present application, by means of forming a PMA training sequence comprising a delimiter at a transmit end, enables a receive end to implement accurate and efficient delimitation on the basis of the delimiter in the PMA training sequence.

Description

Delimiting method, device, equipment and readable storage medium

[0001] The present application claims priority to the Chinese patent application No. 202410909898.8, filed on July 5, 2024, and entitled "Delimiting method, device, equipment and readable storage medium", the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, in particular to a delimiting method, device, equipment and readable storage medium. BACKGROUND

[0003] In the field of communication technology, before two devices perform data communication, physical medium attachment (PMA) training needs to be performed. In the process of PMA training, the receiving end in the two devices delimits the received signal. Wherein, delimiting refers to dividing the received signal to determine the boundary of different groups of signals. The result of delimiting can be used for other steps such as scrambling code synchronization in the process of PMA training to complete the PMA training. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a delimiting method, device, equipment and readable storage medium to improve the accuracy of delimiting, and the technical solutions are as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, a delimiting method is provided, the method comprising: receiving a PMA training sequence, the PMA training sequence comprising first data and second data, the first data and the second data comprising a delimiting symbol therebetween; identifying the delimiting symbol in the PMA training sequence; and delimiting the data in the PMA training sequence according to the delimiting symbol to obtain a delimiting result.

[0006] In the present application, the first data and the second data in the PMA training sequence for delimiting comprise a delimiting symbol, so that the device receiving the PMA training sequence can determine the first data and the second data separated by the delimiting symbol by identifying the delimiting symbol in the PMA training sequence, implement delimiting of the data in the PMA training sequence, and obtain an accurate delimiting result.

[0007] In a possible implementation, the delimiting symbol comprises a non-data code group, and identifying the delimiting symbol in the PMA training sequence comprises: obtaining the non-data code group in the training sequence; and in response to the first number of non-data code groups being respectively identical to the first number of reference code groups in a reference delimiting symbol, determining the delimiting symbol according to the first number of non-data code groups. Identifying the delimiting symbol in the PMA training sequence based on the reference delimiting symbol can ensure that the identified delimiting symbol matches the reference delimiting symbol, thereby improving the accuracy of the determined delimiting symbol and further ensuring the accuracy of delimiting.

[0008] In a second aspect, a delimiting method is provided. The method comprises: receiving a PMA training sequence, the PMA training sequence comprising first data and second data, and a non-data code group between the first data and the second data; and in a case where the non-data code group is a delimiter in the PMA training sequence, delimiting data in the PMA training sequence according to the non-data code group to obtain a delimiting result. In this application, the received PMA training sequence comprises the first data, the second data, and the non-data code group. The non-data code group may or may not be a delimiter. Thus, after identifying the non-data code group in the PMA training sequence, it is further determined whether the non-data code group is a delimiter. In a case where it is determined that the non-data code group is a delimiter, the delimiting is performed according to the non-data code group, so as to ensure the accuracy of the delimiting result.

[0009] In a possible implementation, in a case where the non-data code group is a delimiter in the PMA training sequence, before the delimiting data in the PMA training sequence according to the non-data code group to obtain a delimiting result, the method further comprises: in a case where a number of non-data code groups identical to a reference code group in the non-data code group is greater than or equal to a first number, determining the non-data code group between the first data and the second data as the delimiter, the reference code group being a code group in a reference delimiter. When the number of non-data code groups identical to the reference delimiter in the identified non-data code group reaches the first number, it is determined that the identified non-data code group matches the reference delimiter. Thus, the identified non-data code group can be determined as the delimiter, so as to perform the delimiting according to the non-data code group in the delimiter subsequently, and ensure the accuracy of the delimiting result.

[0010] Based on the method provided in the first aspect or the second aspect, in a possible implementation, the delimiter comprises a non-data code group, the number of non-data code groups included in the delimiter is identical to the number of reference code groups included in a reference delimiter, the order of any non-data code group in the delimiter in a plurality of non-data code groups is identical to the order of a reference code group corresponding to the any non-data code group in a plurality of reference code groups, and the content of the any non-data code group is identical to the content of the reference code group corresponding to the any non-data code group. In this application, the number, order, and content of non-data code groups included in the determined delimiter are all identical to the number, order, and content of reference code groups included in the reference delimiter. Thus, the determined delimiter is consistent with the reference delimiter, and the accuracy of the determined delimiter is ensured.

[0011] In a possible implementation of the method provided in the first aspect or the second aspect, the first quantity is determined based on a bit error rate of a link transmitting the PMA training sequence. Since the first quantity is used to assist in determining the accurate delimiter, and the bit error of the link can affect the accuracy of the delimiter in the PMA training sequence, the first quantity is determined based on the bit error rate of the link, so that the influence of the bit error rate is considered in the process of assisting in determining the accurate delimiter according to the first quantity, and the accuracy of the delimiter is further ensured.

[0012] In a possible implementation of the method provided in the first aspect or the second aspect, the PMA training sequence includes a plurality of delimiters, and a distance between any two adjacent delimiters in the plurality of delimiters is fixed. Since the distance between the two adjacent delimiters in the PMA training sequence is fixed, the delimiters in the PMA training sequence can be assisted in being recognized according to this feature, accurate recognition of the delimiters is achieved, and accurate delimiting is achieved.

[0013] In a possible implementation of the method provided in the first aspect or the second aspect, the non-data code group in the delimiter includes an adjustment code group, and the adjustment code group is used to adjust unevenness of the PMA training sequence. The unevenness is a parameter used to constrain the randomness of the PMA training sequence, and the unevenness is used to constrain the randomness of the PMA training sequence by constraining the number of 0 and ±1 in the PMA training sequence. By adjusting the unevenness of the PMA sequence through the adjustment code group, the data and the delimiters in the PMA training sequence are constrained with relatively fixed unevenness, and the delimiters in the PMA training sequence are facilitated to be correctly recognized.

[0014] In a possible implementation of the method provided in the first aspect or the second aspect, the content of the delimiter indicates a state of the apparatus transmitting the PMA training sequence. In this application, the delimiter can be used not only to delimit data, but also to indicate the state of the apparatus transmitting the PMA training sequence, improve the multiplexing rate of the delimiter, and reduce the communication cost.

[0015] In a possible implementation of the method provided in the first aspect or the second aspect, in the case where the delimiter includes a non-data code group, the state of the apparatus is indicated by at least one of the following: a type of the non-data code group in the delimiter; relative positions of different types of non-data code groups in the delimiter; and a number of the non-data code groups in the delimiter. Since no other information needs to be added to the PMA training sequence, the state of the apparatus can be indicated by at least one of the type, the relative position, or the number of the non-data code groups in the delimiter, so that the multiplexing rate of the delimiter is further improved.

[0016] In a possible implementation manner of the method provided in the first aspect or the second aspect, the demarcated result includes a boundary of the first data and the second data, and the method further includes: determining a boundary of a PMA training frame used for generating a PMA training sequence according to the boundary of the first data and the second data. Since the PMA training sequence is generated by the PMA training frame, the PMA training sequence has a mapping relationship with the PMA training frame, and the boundary of the first data and the second data can map the boundary of the PMA training frame, so the boundary of the PMA training frame can be accurately determined according to the boundary of the first data and the second data.

[0017] In a possible implementation manner of the method provided in the first aspect or the second aspect, the PMA training frame includes a plurality of PMA training subframes; and the boundary of the PMA training frame used for generating the PMA training sequence is determined according to the boundary of the first data and the second data, including: decoding the first data and the second data respectively according to the boundary of the first data and the second data to obtain decoding results; performing scrambling synchronization and descrambling on the decoding results to obtain descrambling results; determining boundaries of the plurality of PMA training subframes according to a generation rule of the training frame and the descrambling results; and determining the boundary of the PMA training frame according to the boundaries of the plurality of PMA training subframes. By decoding, scrambling synchronization and descrambling the first data and the second data, the plurality of PMA training subframes are recovered, so that the boundaries of the PMA training subframes are determined, and the boundary of the PMA training frame can be determined according to the boundaries of the plurality of PMA training subframes.

[0018] In a possible implementation manner of the method provided in the first aspect or the second aspect, the boundary of the PMA training frame is determined according to the boundaries of the plurality of PMA training subframes, including: identifying a tail-end training subframe including tail-end indication information in the plurality of PMA training subframes, the tail-end training subframe being a last PMA training subframe in a PMA training frame; and determining the boundary of the PMA training frame according to the tail-end training subframe and the boundaries of the plurality of PMA training subframes. The tail-end training subframe in the plurality of PMA training subframes is determined according to the tail-end indication information, so that the boundary of the tail end of the PMA training frame can be accurately determined, and the boundary of the PMA training frame is determined according to the boundary of the tail end of the PMA training frame.

[0019] In a possible implementation manner of the method provided in the first aspect or the second aspect, the method further includes: determining a mapping length according to a boundary of the PMA training frame used to generate the PMA training sequence, the mapping length being a length of first content in the PMA training sequence, the first content being content corresponding to the PMA training frame, the boundary of the PMA training frame being determined based on the delimiting result; receiving a data sequence, the mapping length being an integer multiple of a length of second content in the data sequence, the second content being content corresponding to a data frame, the data sequence being generated based on the data frame; and determining a boundary of the data frame according to the mapping length. In this application, the length of the PMA training frame is an integer multiple of the length of the data frame, and thus the length of the content in the PMA training sequence corresponding to the PMA training frame is an integer multiple of the length of the content in the data sequence corresponding to the data frame. Therefore, the boundary of the data frame can be determined according to the boundary of the training frame, and the efficiency of determining the boundary of the data frame is improved.

[0020] In a third aspect, a delimiting method is provided. The method includes: obtaining at least one PMA training frame; encoding the at least one PMA training frame to obtain a PMA training sequence, the PMA training sequence including first data and second data, and the first data and the second data including a delimiter therebetween; and sending the PMA training sequence, so that a device receiving the PMA training sequence delimits data in the PMA training sequence. The sending end constructs the PMA training sequence including the delimiter, so that the device receiving the PMA training sequence can accurately determine the boundaries of the first data and the second data separated by the delimiter according to the delimiter, and accurate delimiting is achieved.

[0021] In a possible implementation manner, the delimiter includes a non-data code group.

[0022] In a possible implementation manner, the non-data code group includes an adjustment code group, and the adjustment code group is used to adjust unevenness of the PMA training sequence.

[0023] In a possible implementation manner, content of the delimiter indicates a state of the device sending the PMA training sequence.

[0024] In a possible implementation manner, in a case where the delimiter includes a non-data code group, the state of the device is indicated by at least one of the following: a type of the non-data code group in the delimiter; relative positions of different types of non-data code groups in the delimiter; and a number of the non-data code groups in the delimiter.

[0025] In a possible implementation manner, in a case where one PMA training frame includes a plurality of PMA training subframes, a last PMA training subframe in one PMA training frame is a tail-end training subframe, and the tail-end training subframe includes tail-end indication information.

[0026] In a fourth aspect, a delimiting apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes an interface circuit and a control circuit. The interface circuit is configured to receive a physical media attachment (PMA) training sequence, the PMA training sequence including first data and second data, and a delimiter between the first data and the second data. The control circuit is configured to identify the delimiter in the PMA training sequence. The control circuit is further configured to delimit data in the PMA training sequence according to the delimiter to obtain a delimiting result.

[0027] In a possible implementation, the delimiter includes non-data code groups, and the control circuit is configured to obtain the non-data code groups in the training sequence. In response to a first number of non-data code groups being identical to a first number of reference code groups in a reference delimiter, the control circuit is configured to determine the delimiter according to the first number of non-data code groups.

[0028] In a fifth aspect, a delimiting apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes an interface circuit and a control circuit. The interface circuit is configured to receive a physical media attachment (PMA) training sequence, the PMA training sequence including first data and second data, and a non-data code group between the first data and the second data. The control circuit is configured to, in a case where the non-data code group is a delimiter in the PMA training sequence, delimit data in the PMA training sequence according to the non-data code group to obtain a delimiting result.

[0029] In a possible implementation, in the case where the non-data code group is the delimiter in the PMA training sequence, the control circuit is further configured to, in a case where a number of non-data code groups identical to a reference code group in a reference delimiter in the non-data code group is greater than or equal to a first number, determine the non-data code group between the first data and the second data as the delimiter, the reference code group being in a reference delimiter.

[0030] In a possible implementation, in the case where the non-data code group is the delimiter in the PMA training sequence, the control circuit is further configured to, in a case where a number of non-data code groups identical to a reference code group in a reference delimiter in the non-data code group is greater than or equal to a first number, determine the non-data code group between the first data and the second data as the delimiter, the reference code group being in a reference delimiter.

[0031] In a possible implementation, the first number is determined based on a bit error rate of a link transmitting the PMA training sequence.

[0032] In a possible implementation, the PMA training sequence includes a plurality of delimiters, and a distance between any two adjacent delimiters in the plurality of delimiters is fixed.

[0033] In a possible implementation manner of the apparatus provided in the fourth aspect or the fifth aspect, the non-data code group in the delimiter comprises an adjustment code group, and the adjustment code group is used for adjusting the unevenness of the PMA training sequence.

[0034] In a possible implementation manner of the apparatus provided in the fourth aspect or the fifth aspect, the content of the delimiter indicates the state of the apparatus that sends the PMA training sequence.

[0035] In a possible implementation manner of the apparatus provided in the fourth aspect or the fifth aspect, in the case that the delimiter comprises the non-data code group, the state of the apparatus is indicated by at least one of the following: the type of the non-data code group in the delimiter; the relative position of different types of non-data code groups in the delimiter; the number of the non-data code groups in the delimiter.

[0036] In a possible implementation manner of the apparatus provided in the fourth aspect or the fifth aspect, the delimiting result comprises the boundary of the first data and the second data, and the control circuit is further configured to determine the boundary of the PMA training frame used for generating the PMA training sequence according to the boundary of the first data and the second data.

[0037] In a possible implementation manner of the apparatus provided in the fourth aspect or the fifth aspect, the PMA training frame comprises a plurality of PMA training subframes; the control circuit is configured to decode the first data and the second data respectively according to the boundary of the first data and the second data to obtain a decoding result; perform scrambling synchronization and descrambling on the decoding result to obtain a descrambling result; determine the boundary of the plurality of PMA training subframes according to a training frame generation rule and the descrambling result; and determine the boundary of the PMA training frame according to the boundary of the plurality of PMA training subframes.

[0038] In a possible implementation manner of the apparatus provided in the fourth aspect or the fifth aspect, the control circuit is configured to identify a tail-end training subframe comprising tail-end indication information in the plurality of PMA training subframes, the tail-end training subframe being the last PMA training subframe in a PMA training frame; and determine the boundary of the PMA training frame according to the tail-end training subframe and the boundary of the plurality of PMA training subframes.

[0039] In a possible implementation manner of the method provided in the fourth aspect or the fifth aspect, the control circuit is further configured to determine a mapping length according to the boundary of the PMA training frame used for generating the PMA training sequence, the mapping length being the length of first content in the PMA training sequence, the first content being content corresponding to the PMA training frame, and the boundary of the PMA training frame being determined based on the delimiting result; receive a data sequence, the mapping length being an integer multiple of the length of second content in the data sequence, the second content being content corresponding to a data frame, and the data sequence being generated based on the data frame; and determine the boundary of the data frame according to the mapping length.

[0040] In a sixth aspect, a delimiting apparatus is provided, the apparatus comprising an interface circuit and a control circuit; the control circuit is configured to obtain at least one physical media attachment (PMA) training frame; the control circuit is further configured to encode the at least one PMA training frame to obtain a PMA training sequence, the PMA training sequence comprising first data and second data, the first data and the second data comprising a delimiter therebetween; and the interface circuit is configured to transmit the PMA training sequence so as to enable a device receiving the PMA training sequence to delimit data in the PMA training sequence.

[0041] In a possible implementation, the delimiter comprises a non-data code group.

[0042] In a possible implementation, the non-data code group comprises an adjustment code group, the adjustment code group being configured to adjust unevenness of the PMA training sequence.

[0043] In a possible implementation, the content of the delimiter indicates a state of the apparatus transmitting the PMA training sequence.

[0044] In a possible implementation, in a case where the delimiter comprises a non-data code group, the state of the apparatus is indicated by at least one of: a type of the non-data code group in the delimiter; relative positions of different types of the non-data code group in the delimiter; and a number of the non-data code group in the delimiter.

[0045] In a possible implementation, in a case where one PMA training frame comprises a plurality of PMA training sub-frames, a last PMA training sub-frame in the one PMA training frame is a tail-end training sub-frame, and the tail-end training sub-frame comprises tail-end indication information.

[0046] In a seventh aspect, a communication system is provided, the system comprising the apparatus of any of the possible implementation of the fourth aspect, the fifth aspect or the sixth aspect.

[0047] In an eighth aspect, a computer program (product) is provided, the computer program (product) comprising computer program code which, when executed by a computer, causes the computer to perform the method of any of the aspects.

[0048] In a ninth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, the computer-readable storage medium storing a program or instructions, the method of any of the aspects being performed when the program or instructions are executed on a computer.

[0049] In a tenth aspect, a chip is provided, the chip comprising a processor configured to invoke and execute instructions stored in a memory, so as to enable a computer installed with the chip to perform the method of any of the aspects.

[0050] In an eleventh aspect, another chip is provided, comprising: an input interface, an output interface, a processor, and a memory, the input interface, the output interface, the processor, and the memory being connected through internal connection paths, the processor being configured to execute code in the memory, when the code is executed, a computer installed with the chip executes the method in any of the aspects.

[0051] It should be understood that the technical solutions of the third aspect to the eleventh aspect of the present application and the corresponding possible implementation manners have the beneficial effects mentioned above for the first aspect and the second aspect and the corresponding possible implementation manners, which will not be repeated here. In addition, the delimiting device mentioned in the fourth aspect to the sixth aspect can be the chip mentioned in the tenth aspect or the eleventh aspect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0052] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process industry scene according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0053] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another process industry scene according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0054] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a motion control scene according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a delimiting method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0056] FIG. 5 is a process diagram of encoding a PMA training frame according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0057] FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of a delimiter according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0058] FIG. 7 is a composition diagram of a delimiter according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0059] FIG. 8 is a composition diagram of a training sequence according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0060] FIG. 9 is a process diagram of obtaining a PMA training sequence based on PMA training frame encoding according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0061] FIG. 10 is a mapping diagram of a delimiter and a state of a device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0062] FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a delimiting method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0063] FIG. 12 is a process diagram of transmitting a data sequence according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0064] FIG. 13 is a flowchart of another delimiting method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0065] FIG. 14 is a structural schematic diagram of a delimiting device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0066] FIG. 15 is a structural schematic diagram of another delimiting device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0067] FIG. 16 is a structural schematic diagram of a delimiting device according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] The terms used in the embodiment part of the present application are only used to explain the specific embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application.

[0069] In an Ethernet standard based on full duplex communication of twisted pair (for example, 1000BASE-T / 1000BASE-T1), the transmitting end and the receiving end need to be trained before transmitting data based on the physical layer, so as to determine various parameters when transmitting data and the way of transmitting and receiving data. The physical layer includes a PMA sublayer, which is used for serial-parallel conversion and serial transmission or serial reception of data to various physical media. The training before the transmitting end and the receiving end transmit data includes PMA training.

[0070] Under different standards, the way of PMA training is different, mainly reflected in whether the same line coding and modulation format as in the data mode is adopted when generating the PMA training sequence in the process of PMA training. For example, under the 1000BASE-T1 standard (a kind of vehicle-mounted single pair line Ethernet standard), the transmitting and receiving end adopts 3-bit binary-2-bit trinary (3B2T) pulse-amplitude modulation 3 (PAM3) line coding and modulation format in the data mode, and introduces reed solomon forward error correction (RS FEC) to ensure the reliability of data transmission. However, under the 1000BASE-T1 standard, the transmitting and receiving end adopts a different modulation format PAM2 in the process of PMA training, because there is a strict requirement for the vehicle to start time; under the same bit error rate (BER), PAM2 modulation requires lower signal to noise ratio (SNR) than PAM3, so that PMA training adopts PAM2 low-order modulation format to reduce the influence of link error on data transmission.

[0071] For another example, under the 10BASE-T1L standard (an industrial single-pair Ethernet standard), the transmitting end and the receiving end use the same coding and modulation format (4B3T PAM3) as the data mode in the PMA training. The reason is that, in the data mode under the 10BASE-T1L standard, the transmitting end and the receiving end transmit data at a low speed, and the burst and random noise in the data transmission process has little interference on the low-speed data and has sufficient SNR margin, so that in the data mode, even if the data transmitted by the transmitting end and the receiving end does not introduce FEC, the error code level of the link between the transmitting end and the receiving end in transmitting data can still meet the application requirements, for example, BER < 1x10 -10 Thus, under the 10BASE-T1L standard, the transmitting end and the receiving end can not introduce FEC when performing PMA training.

[0072] wherein the disparity of the 3T code group generated based on the coding format of 4B3T is constrained within a limited range (i.e., the disparity only jumps between 4 values), the modulated training sequence is a symbol stream, the training sequence includes a plurality of consecutive 3T code groups, a 3T code group includes 3 PAM3 symbols (a PAM symbol can have a value of 0 / 1 / -1), and the training sequence has at most 4 consecutive symbols 0, at most 5 consecutive symbols 1 or symbol -1. There are 3 3 = 27 kinds of 3T code groups, and the combinations of PAM3 in different 3T code groups are different. In the process of PMA training, 26 kinds of code groups are used for modulation, i.e., the training sequence generated by the transmitting end in the process of PMA training includes at most 26 kinds of code groups and does not include the remaining 1 kind of 3T code group (0, 0, 0). The remaining 1 kind of 3T code group can be referred to as a redundant code group or a comma (COMMA) code group. Therefore, the combination of the COMMA code group and the non-COMMA code group can be used to realize MAC frame delimiting in the data mode.

[0073] The full-duplex communication of the shared medium between the transmitting end and the receiving end must be subjected to PMA training before entering the data mode, and the training sequence based on 4B3T coding is transmitted in the process of PMA training. In the case that the BER of the link between the transmitting end and the receiving end is low enough (such as lower than 1e-10 required by the application scenario), the principle that the COMMA code group cannot appear according to the correct code group delimiting, and the judgment of realizing the correct code group delimiting. The transmitting end switches the PMA training mode to the data mode at the boundary of the 3T code group, so if the code group delimiting of the receiving end is correct in the process of PMA training, the data mode does not need to re-perform the code group delimiting.

[0074] The PMA training can be performed in various scenarios, such as in a process industry scenario or a motion control scenario. The process industry scenario includes industrial switches and end-side instruments, and if the components in the process industry scenario are based on Ethernet networking, the industrial switches can be industrial Ethernet switches, which can be field switches or power switches, etc. Referring to FIG. 1, a schematic diagram of a process industry scenario is shown. The process industry scenario includes a control room, a power switch, a field switch, and end-side instruments including visual & spectral analysis, ultrasonic flow, and valve positioner, etc. The connection relationship between the components in the process industry scenario can be seen from the connection lines in FIG. 1. The power switch includes a power over data lines (PoDL) switch, which is connected to the field switch through the PoDL mode.

[0075] In some cases, the number of power switches in the process industry scenario can be multiple. When the number of power switches is multiple, the connection relationship between the components in the process industry scenario can be seen from the schematic diagram of the process industry scenario shown in FIG. 2. Any two connected devices in the process industry scenario can be divided into a sending end and a receiving end, and the sending end and the receiving end can be interchangeable.

[0076] Regardless of the type of components in the process industry scenario or the connection relationship between the components, in the process industry scenario, the power-on startup time is ≤ 500 milliseconds (ms) in the application of 10BASE-T1L speed-up 100 megabits per second (Mbps) 500 meters (m). The startup time refers to the time required for PMA training and the time required for testing in the test mode after PMA training.

[0077] Referring to FIG. 3, a schematic diagram of a motion control scenario is shown. The motion control scenario includes a servo drive and a servo motor connected to each other, and the servo drive and the servo motor can transmit data to each other, that is, the servo drive and the servo motor can be a sending end and a receiving end. The interaction between the servo drive and the servo motor can be, for example, that an encoder in the servo motor measures the current position of the servo motor and transmits the position data back to the servo drive through servo motor feedback communication. The servo drive calculates the next position and adjusts the main power output to move the servo motor to the next position. In the stop state, the servo drive can control the servo motor brake to keep the motor. In the motion control scenario, the transceiving delay of the physical layer (PHY) is < 1.5 us in the application of 100 Mbps 100 m.

[0078] For the 100Mbps 500m transmission scenario described above, the SNR margin of the link is insufficient, and FEC needs to be introduced to obtain additional coding gain. Moreover, if long-distance transmission, the PMA training adopts the same modulation format as the data mode but without FEC, so the PMA training will face insufficient SNR margin, and the link error will reduce the reliability of the traditional code group delimiting mechanism. If the code group cannot be accurately delimited during the PMA training, the bit stream obtained by decoding is abnormal, and the subsequent scrambling and training frame cannot be synchronized, increasing the startup time.

[0079] For example, in the 100Mbps 500m transmission scenario, under the 1000BASE-T1 standard, when the sending end and the receiving end are in the data mode, the sending end in the related art 1 modulates the transmitted signal by using the PAM3 modulation format, and when the sending end and the receiving end are in the training mode, the sending end modulates the transmitted signal by using the PAM2 modulation format. Because the modulation efficiencies of the PAM2 and PAM3 modulation formats are different, the working clock of the scrambler of the sending end is different when the sending end is in the training mode and the data mode, an additional frequency dividing circuit is needed, and in order to reduce the influence of data correlation on the PMA circuit or algorithm when switching to the data mode, the scrambler polynomial used by the PMA training is also different, ultimately resulting in an increase in hardware complexity. In addition, when in the training mode, the sending end also needs to transmit the initial value information of the scrambler in the data mode, so as to ensure switching to the data mode, the sending end scrambles the transmitted bit stream according to the initial value of the scrambler in the data mode, and the receiving end can correspondingly correctly descramble.

[0080] For another example, under the 10BASE-T1L and 100BASE-T1 two standards, the sending end in the related art 2 modulates the transmitted signal by using the PAM3 modulation format in both the data mode and the training mode, and the receiving end judges the reliability of code group delimiting through the code group that should not appear in the training mode, for example, the code group (0, 0, 0) in the 10BASE-T1L standard and the code group (0, 0) in the 100BASE-T1 standard.

[0081] The related art 1 described above increases the hardware complexity and the complexity of the PMA training process for the transmission in the application of 802.3dg 100M 500m, and the related art 2 for the transmission in the application of 802.3dg 100M 500m, the SNR margin of the link is insufficient, the BER is degraded (>1e-10), the reliability of the delimiting mechanism is reduced due to the influence of the link error, and then the scrambling synchronization is affected, increasing the power-on startup time.

[0082] The application provides a delimiting method, which can improve the accuracy of delimiting and reduce the influence of link error code on the delimiting result. For example, referring to FIG. 4, a flowchart of a delimiting method provided by an embodiment of the application is shown, which can be applied to a sending end in any of the scenarios shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, and the method includes but is not limited to the following S401 to S403.

[0083] S401, obtaining at least one PMA training frame.

[0084] The PMA training frame is a bit sequence including multiple bits, and the method for obtaining the at least one PMA training frame is not limited in the embodiments of the application. For example, the at least one PMA training frame can be generated based on a pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) according to a PMA training frame generation rule, and the PMA training frame generation rule can be set based on experience or training requirements.

[0085] The length of the at least one PMA training frame can be random, and the lengths of the at least one PMA training frame can be the same or different. Alternatively, the length of the at least one PMA training frame can also be determined based on the length of a data frame transmitted in a data mode. If the data mode does not enable FEC, the length of the data frame is random, and the length of the PMA training frame can also be random. If the data mode does not enable FEC, but the length of the data frame is specified, the length of the PMA training frame can also be random. If the data mode enables FEC, the data frame is a specified length FEC frame, and the length of the PMA training frame can be an integer multiple of the length of the data frame, so that the delimiting result obtained from the PMA training frame can be used for data frame (FEC frame) delimiting. Alternatively, if the data mode does not enable FEC, but the length of the data frame is specified, the length of the PMA training frame can also be fixed, and the length of the PMA training frame can be an integer multiple of the length of the data frame.

[0086] S402, encoding the at least one PMA training frame to obtain a PMA training sequence, the PMA training sequence including first data and second data, and a delimiter between the first data and the second data.

[0087] The encoding manner of the at least one PMA training frame can include multiple manners, for example, the at least one PMA training frame can be encoded by using a 4B3T PAM3 encoding format (or modulation format), or the at least one PMA training frame can be encoded by using an 8B6T PAM3 encoding format to obtain the PMA training sequence.

[0088] In the process of encoding each PMA training frame, part of the content in the PMA training frame can be encoded as a delimiter, and another part of the content can be encoded as data, that is, the period of the delimiter in the PMA training sequence can be considered as the period of the PMA training frame. In the content of the PMA training sequence obtained by encoding one PMA training frame, the delimiter can be before the data, or the delimiter can be after the data.

[0089] For example, referring to FIG. 5, a process of encoding a PMA training frame is shown. The number of PMA training frames is n+1, and n can be an integer greater than or equal to 0. In the process of encoding any PMA training frame, taking the nth training frame as an example, part of the content in the PMA training frame is encoded as a delimiter, and another part of the content is encoded as data, so that the content in the PMA training sequence corresponding to the nth PMA training frame includes a delimiter and data. The data in the PMA training sequence includes first data and second data, and the content of the first data and the second data can be the same or different. The first data and the second data are data separated by a delimiter, for example, the data obtained by encoding part of the content in the nth PMA training frame can be the first data, and the data obtained by encoding part of the content in the n+1th PMA training frame can be the second data. The first data and the second data include the delimiter obtained by encoding part of the content in the n+1th PMA training frame.

[0090] Optionally, the delimiter can include one or more code groups, and the data can also include one or more code groups. The size of the code group is determined based on the encoding format in the encoding process. If the encoding format is 4B3T, one code group includes 3 PAM3 symbols, and if the encoding format is 8B6T, one code group includes 6 PAM3 symbols.

[0091] In a possible implementation, the delimiter includes non-data code groups. The non-data code groups refer to at least one of code groups different from the data code groups included in the data part of the training sequence or the directional code groups. For example, in the 4B3T encoding format, the data code groups include 26 code groups, and the non-data code groups can include 27 code groups, the code group (0, 0, 0) not included in the data code groups is the code group different from the data code groups in the non-data code groups, that is, the redundant code group, and the redundant code group can also be considered as the code group not likely to appear in the data in the case of no error. Of the remaining 26 code groups, some code groups can be directional code groups, that is, code groups that can assist in delimiting, such as a start of stream delimiter (SSD) code group (used to indicate the start of a frame), an end of stream delimiter (ESD) code group (used to indicate the end of a frame), an end of error stream delimiter (ESD_ERR) code group (used to indicate the end of a frame with errors), and the like. The content of the directional code group can be the same as that of the data code group. Alternatively, the type of combination of the non-data code groups in the delimiter can be determined based on the number of redundant code groups in the encoding. For example, 8B6T PAM3 encoding has more redundant code groups, and the delimiter can include multiple redundant code groups. For 4B3T PAM3 encoding, there is only one redundant code group COMMA. In this case, the delimiter can be composed of multiple redundant code groups COMMA, or can be composed of a combination of the redundant code group COMMA and one or more directional code groups.

[0092] Referring to FIG. 6, a structure diagram of a delimiter provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown. Each non-data code group in the delimiter can be a code group different from the data code group, or can include a code group different from the data code group and a code group the same as the data code group, and the code group the same as the data code group can be a directional code group.

[0093] Alternatively, the non-data code groups include adjustment code groups, and the adjustment code groups are used to adjust the unevenness of the PMA training sequence. The unevenness of the training sequence or the data frame is reset by the adjustment code groups, and a device receiving the PMA training sequence or the data frame can perform error detection on the received code groups in the case of a known boundary.

[0094] The value of the adjustment code group can be based on the encoding parameter setting (or random bit) in the process of encoding the PMA training sequence from the PMA training frame. In the embodiments of the present application, the value of the non-uniformity of the adjustment code group of the PMA training frame currently being encoded can be used in the process of encoding the subsequent content of the current PMA training frame, so as to constrain the non-uniformity of the content of the PMA training sequence obtained by encoding.

[0095] Taking the encoding parameter Syn[4] and the adjustment code group as the non-uniformity reset (DISPRESET) code group as an example, referring to Table 1, if Syn[4] = 0, the value of the non-uniformity will be reset to 1 by the value of the DISPRESET code group regardless of the current value of the non-uniformity. For example, if Syn[4] = 0 and the current value of the non-uniformity is 1, the content of the DISPREST code group is (-1, 0, +1), the non-uniformity of the content of the DISRESET code group changes to 0, and the non-uniformity remains 1 unchanged. If Syn[4] = 0 and the current value of the non-uniformity is 2, the content of the DISPRESET code group is (-1, 0, 0), the non-uniformity of the content of the DISPRESET code group changes to -1, and the value of the non-uniformity is reduced by 1 based on 2, and the non-uniformity is reset to 1, so the encoding starts with the value of the non-uniformity being 1 in the process of encoding the subsequent content of the PMA training frame.

[0096] Continuing to refer to Table 1, if Syn[4] = 1, the value of the non-uniformity will be reset to 4 by the value of the DISPRESET code group regardless of the current value of the non-uniformity. The process of resetting the non-uniformity can refer to the description above, which will not be described here.

[0097] In a possible implementation, the adjustment code group and other directional code groups appear at the same time, and the value of the non-uniformity of the PMA training sequence can also be adjusted. For example, if the DIEPRESET code group and the SSD code group / ESD code group / ESD_ERR code group and other directional code groups appear at the same time in the content of the training sequence obtained by encoding a PMA training frame, the value of the non-uniformity can be reset to 2 or 3, and the encoding can start based on the reset value of the non-uniformity in the process of encoding the subsequent content of the PMA training frame.

[0098] Table 1

[0099] In addition, the value of Syn[4] is different, and the content of the corresponding directional code group is different. For example, referring to Table 2 as follows, the different contents of the directional code group in the case of different values of Syn[4] are shown.

[0100] Table 2

[0101] Referring to FIG. 7, a composition of a delimiter is shown according to an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 7 shows compositions of three different delimiters a, b and c, and the value of the non-uniformity determined based on different delimiters is different. The delimiter a includes two COMMA code groups, a DISPRESET code group and an SSD code group, and the value of the non-uniformity determined based on the delimiter a is the value determined based on the DISPRESET code group and the SSD code group together. The delimiter b includes a DISPRESET code group, an SSD code group, two COMMA code groups, an SSD code group and an SSD complementary code group obtained by inverting each code element in the SSD code group, and since the sum of the contents of the SSD code group and the SSD complementary code group in the delimiter b is 0, the value of the non-uniformity determined based on the delimiter b is the value of the non-uniformity determined based on the DISPRESET code group and the SSD code group. The delimiter c includes three groups of alternating DISPRESET code groups and SSD code groups, and the value of the non-uniformity determined based on the delimiter c is the value of the non-uniformity determined based on the DISPRESET code group and the SSD code group. In the case where the value of Syn[4] is different, the value of the non-uniformity determined based on the code groups in each delimiter is different.

[0102] In the embodiment of the present application, the random bit Syn[4] is used to avoid using the contents of the fixed SSD code group / ESD code group / ESD_ERR code group, thereby reducing the outward electromagnetic radiation. The delimiter includes multiple repeated code groups, which can reduce the influence of link errors on the delimiter. As shown in FIG. 7, the delimiter b is composed of a DISPRESET code group, two COMMA code groups, two SSD code groups and an SSD complementary code group, and compared with the delimiter a, the number of SSD code groups is increased, so that the reliability of SSD identification is improved by two times, and the SSD code group and the SSD complementary code group can effectively maintain the non-uniformity reset by the combination of the DISPRESET code group and the SSD code group.

[0103] For a scenario with low electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements, the code group DISPRESET and the directive code group SSD code group / ESD code group / ESD_ERR code group can take values in the case where Syn[4] is equal to 0 or 1.

[0104] The composition of the delimiter in the case of the 4B3T coding format is introduced above. In the case of the 8B6T coding format, the composition of the delimiter can be different from that of the delimiter obtained by coding in the 4B3T coding format. In the case of the 8B6T coding format, each delimiter can include two non-data code groups, such as one or two of the SSD code group, the ESD code group, the Transmit Error (XMT_ERR) code group, and the Synchronization (Sync) code group. Exemplarily, refer to Table 3 as follows, which shows the content of various code groups in the delimiter obtained by coding in the 8B6T coding format in the case where the non-uniformity is 0 and the value of the random bit Sgn[1] is different. The value of Sgn[1] determines whether the sign of the code group in the delimiter is inverted element by element, thereby avoiding electromagnetic radiation caused by a fixed sequence and improving the robustness of an algorithm or circuit. In a scenario where EMC requirements are not high, the above-mentioned non-data code group can select one of Sgn[1] = 0 or 1 to take the value of the corresponding code group.

[0105] Table 3

[0106] Referring to FIG. 8, another composition of a training sequence provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown. FIG. 8 shows a PMA training sequence obtained by coding in the 8B6T coding format, and the delimiter in the PMA training sequence includes two SSD code groups.

[0107] If the two SSD code groups in the delimiter use different Sgn[1], the receiver needs to compare four code group combinations when performing delimiter matching detection. In order to reduce the complexity of the delimiter matching detection, the content of the first SSD code group in the delimiter can be selected according to the random bit Sgn[1], and the content of the second SSD code group can be selected to be the same as or complementary to that of the first SSD code group. In this way, the receiver only needs to compare two cases when performing delimiter matching detection, which can reduce the complexity of the delimiter matching and improve the efficiency of the delimiter matching.

[0108] In a possible implementation, one PMA training frame can include a plurality of PMA training subframes, and the length of each PMA training subframe is a ratio of the length of one PMA training frame to the number of PMA training subframes in one PMA training frame. In this implementation, in the process of encoding the PMA training sequence according to the PMA training frame, for any one PMA training subframe, part of the content of the PMA training subframe is encoded as a delimiter, and another part of the content of the PMA training subframe is encoded as data, that is, the period of the delimiter in the PMA training sequence can be considered as the period of the PMA training subframe. Thus, the number of delimiters in the PMA training sequence encoded by one PMA training frame is the same as the number of PMA training subframes in one PMA training frame.

[0109] In the case where one PMA training frame includes a plurality of PMA training subframes, the last PMA training subframe in one PMA training frame is a tail-end training subframe, and the tail-end training subframe includes tail-end indication information. The tail-end indication information can be an information field (InfoField), which can include, for example, the local receiver state of the sending end, and the content of the information field can be, for example, one or more of the local receiver state information of the sending end or whether the master device allows the slave device to start sending information. The tail-end training subframe can carry the tail-end indication information in the following manner: some bits in the tail-end training subframe are scrambled with the tail-end indication information, and the size of the bits scrambled with the tail-end indication information can be determined based on the size of the tail-end indication information or can be set based on experience, for example, can be 96 bits.

[0110] Exemplarily, referring to FIG. 9, a process of encoding a PMA training sequence based on a PMA training frame is shown. One PMA training frame in FIG. 9 includes a plurality of PMA training subframes, and the training frame is generated from a PRBS sequence according to a certain rule. Taking the nth PMA training frame as an example, the nth PMA training frame includes N subframes, namely, subframe 1, subframe 2, …, and subframe N. The first bit (black part) of subframe 1 to subframe N-1 is obtained by inverting the bit at the corresponding position of the PRBS sequence, and the remaining bits remain the same as the content of the corresponding PRBS sequence. Part of the bits (black part) of subframe N are obtained by performing XOR operation on the corresponding PRBS sequence and the indication information, and the remaining bits remain the same as the bit at the corresponding position of the PRBS sequence.

[0111] The content in the PMA training sequence obtained by encoding each PMA subframe in the PMA training frame includes two parts, delimiter and data. Since the last 96 bits of the last PMA training subframe carry the end indication information, the delimiter is located after the data part to avoid the end indication information being encoded as the delimiter. As shown in FIG. 9. The delimiter can be composed of a DISPRESET code group, two COMMA code groups and two SSD code groups.

[0112] In a possible implementation, in the case where one PMA training frame includes multiple PMA training subframes, when encoding the end training subframe in the PMA training frame, the entire content of the end training subframe can be encoded as data, that is, the content in the PMA training sequence obtained by encoding the end training subframe does not include the delimiter, so as to distinguish the sequence obtained by encoding the end training subframe from the sequences obtained by encoding other PMA training subframes, and facilitate PMA training frame delimiting according to the feature that the training sequence obtained by encoding the end training subframe does not contain the delimiter. In this implementation, the end training subframe can also include the end indication information.

[0113] The PMA training frame is divided into multiple PMA training subframes, and the number of delimiters in the PMA training sequence obtained by encoding is more and the frequency is higher, so that the device receiving the PMA training sequence can more efficiently perform delimiting according to the delimiters, thereby improving the efficiency of PMA training frame synchronization based on the delimiting result.

[0114] In a possible implementation, the content of the delimiter indicates the state of the device sending the PMA training sequence. For example, in the case where the delimiter includes a non-data code group, the state of the device is indicated by at least one of the following:

[0115] the type of the non-data code group in the delimiter;

[0116] the relative position of different types of non-data code groups in the delimiter;

[0117] the number of non-data code groups in the delimiter.

[0118] In a possible implementation, the content of the delimiter indicates an action performed by the device receiving the PMA training sequence, and the application does not limit the action performed. In the case where the delimiter includes multiple non-data code groups, the action performed can also be indicated by at least one of the type of the non-data code group in the delimiter, the relative position of different types of non-data code groups in the delimiter, or the number of non-data code groups in the delimiter.

[0119] The states of the device include a local receiver state not ok, a local receiver state ok, and a state change of the device sending the PMA training sequence. The action performed can be, for example, enabling the device to send from a slave device.

[0120] Referring to FIG. 10, a mapping diagram of a delimiter and a state of a device is shown according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 10, the PMA training frame uses 4B3T encoding to generate a training sequence. If the code groups included in the delimiter are, in order, a DISPRESET code group, an ESD code group, three COMMA code groups, an ESD_ERR code group, and a complementary code group of ESD_ERR, the state of the device sending the PMA training sequence indicated by the delimiter includes a local receiver state not ok. If the code groups included in the delimiter are, in order, a DISPRESET code group, an ESD_ERR code group, a complementary code group of ESD_ERR, four COMMA code groups, and an ESD code group, the state of the device sending the PMA training sequence indicated by the delimiter includes a local receiver state ok. If the code groups included in the delimiter are, in order, a DISPRESET code group, an SSD code group, four COMMA code groups, an ESD code group, and a complementary code group of ESD, the state of the device sending the PMA training sequence indicated by the delimiter includes the device enabling sending from a slave device. Thus, it can be seen that the content indicated by the delimiter is different in different cases of the number, type, and relative position of the non-data code groups in the delimiter.

[0121] In the embodiments of the present application, the delimiter can be used not only for delimiting, but also for transmitting other information, thereby improving the utilization of the delimiter in the PMA training sequence and reducing the communication cost.

[0122] S403, sending the PMA training sequence, so that the device receiving the PMA training sequence delimits the data in the PMA training sequence.

[0123] In the embodiments of the present application, the PMA training sequence can be transmitted after the complete PMA training sequence is generated according to the at least one PMA training frame. If the number of PMA training frames is more than one, the part of the PMA training sequence generated according to one PMA training frame can be transmitted, and the generation of the other part of the PMA training sequence according to another PMA training frame can be synchronized, that is, the generation of the PMA training sequence according to the PMA training frame and the transmission of the PMA training sequence are synchronized. For example, if the number of PMA training frames for generating the PMA training sequence is two, the first part of the PMA training sequence can be transmitted after the first part of the PMA training sequence is encoded according to the first PMA training frame, and the encoding of the second PMA training frame to obtain the second part of the PMA training sequence can be synchronized, and then the second part of the PMA training sequence is transmitted to realize the complete transmission of the PMA training sequence.

[0124] Correspondingly, the embodiments of the present application also provide a delimiting method, which can realize accurate delimiting. Referring to FIG. 11, a flowchart of a delimiting method provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown, and the method can be applied to the receiving end in any of the scenarios shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. The delimiting method includes but is not limited to the following S1101 to S1103.

[0125] S1101, receiving a PMA training sequence, the PMA training sequence including first data and second data, and a delimiter between the first data and the second data.

[0126] After the device for transmitting the PMA training sequence completes the generation and transmission of the PMA training sequence, the device for receiving the PMA training sequence can receive the PMA training sequence transmitted through the link. The PMA training sequence includes the encoded data and the delimiter, the data includes the first data and the second data, and the delimiter is located between the first data and the second data, that is, the delimiter can separate the first data and the second data, so that the embodiments of the present application can delimit the first data and the second data in the PMA training sequence through the delimiter in the PMA training sequence.

[0127] S1102, identifying the delimiter in the PMA training sequence.

[0128] In a possible implementation, before identifying the delimiter, the composition of the delimiter needs to be determined. For example, the composition of the delimiter can be determined by obtaining a reference delimiter. The reference delimiter refers to the correct delimiter generated by the transmitting end for transmitting the PMA training sequence, and can be used by the device for receiving the PMA training sequence to match and confirm the delimiter in the received PMA training sequence. The reference delimiter includes one or more reference code groups, and the content of the one or more reference code groups is the content of the correct non-data code group.

[0129] Optionally, the reference delimiter can be acquired by static configuration and stored in a local register, so as to be used for identifying and matching the delimiter in the PMA training sequence.

[0130] The delimiter in the PMA training sequence includes non-data code groups, the number of the non-data code groups included in the delimiter is same as the number of the reference code groups included in the reference delimiter, the order of any one of the non-data code groups in the plurality of non-data code groups is same as the order of the reference code group corresponding to the any one of the non-data code groups in the plurality of reference code groups, and the content of the any one of the non-data code groups is same as the content of the reference code group corresponding to the any one of the non-data code groups. Therefore, whether each code group is a non-data code group can be determined by determining whether the code group in the PMA training sequence matches the reference code group, and then the delimiter in the PMA training sequence can be determined according to the non-data code group.

[0131] In some cases, the number of the reference code groups in the reference delimiter can be less than the number of the non-data code groups in the delimiter. As shown in FIG. 7, since the DISPRESET code group has 8 possible contents, the complexity of the matching detection of the reference code group is increased, and therefore the last 5 non-data code groups of the DISPRESET code group in the reference delimiter can be used as the reference code group for the matching test of the delimiter.

[0132] Exemplarily, identifying the delimiter in the PMA training sequence includes: acquiring the non-data code groups in the PMA training sequence; and determining the delimiter according to the first number of non-data code groups in response to the first number of non-data code groups being same as the first number of reference code groups in the reference delimiter.

[0133] The apparatus receiving the PMA training sequence can sequentially obtain each code group in the PMA training sequence, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit the manner of obtaining each code group in the PMA training sequence. The apparatus receiving the PMA training sequence can determine the number of symbols in one code group according to the encoding format of the encoded PMA training sequence. For example, if the encoding format of the encoded PMA training sequence is the encoding format of 4B3T, one code group includes three PAM3 symbols, and starting from the first symbol received in the PMA training sequence, every three consecutive PAM3 symbols are obtained to obtain one code group. In hardware implementation, a symbol is usually represented by the combination of bit 0 and bit 1, for example, PAM3 has three different symbol levels, and two bits are needed to represent different symbol levels, so that six consecutive bits are obtained to obtain one 3T code group. If the encoding format of the encoded PMA training sequence is the encoding format of 8B6T, one code group includes six PAM3 symbols, and starting from the first symbol received in the PMA training sequence, every six consecutive PAM3 symbols are obtained to obtain one code group.

[0134] After obtaining one code group each time, the obtained code group content is compared with the reference code group content, and when the obtained code group content matches the code group content of any one reference code group, the currently obtained code group is determined to be a non-data code group. Based on the obtained non-data code group, a second number of code groups are continuously obtained, and the second number of code groups are matched with the reference code group. If there are a first number of non-data code groups that can be matched with the reference code group in a third number of continuously obtained code groups (including the obtained non-data code group and the second number of code groups after the non-data code group), the delimiter in the PMA training sequence can be determined according to the first number of non-data code groups. The third number is the number of reference code groups included in the reference delimiter, and the first number of non-data code groups that can be matched with the reference code group in the third number of code groups means that the content of more than or equal to the first number of code groups in the third number of code groups is the same as the content of the reference code group. The code groups whose content is the same as the content of the reference code group and are more than or equal to the first number can be consecutive code groups or non-consecutive code groups.

[0135] The first number is a threshold value for determining the delimiter according to the first number of non-data code groups. If the number of non-data code groups that can be matched with the reference code group in the third number of code groups is greater than or equal to the first number, it is considered that the delimiter is determined according to the first number of non-data code groups, and the accuracy of the determined delimiter is high.

[0136] If the number of non-data code groups in the third number of code groups that can match the reference code group is less than the first number, it is considered that the third number of code groups has a low matching degree with the reference delimiter, and the non-data code groups in the third number of code groups that can match the reference code group can be non-data code groups obtained by data code groups changing due to link errors during transmission, or the non-data code groups in the third number of code groups that can match the reference code group can be data code groups that are misidentified as non-data code groups only because the contents of the data code groups are the same as those of the reference code group. Therefore, in the case where the number of non-data code groups in the third number of code groups that can match the reference code group is less than the first number, the delimiter is not determined based on the obtained non-data code groups, avoiding determining an incorrect delimiter, thereby improving the accuracy of delimiter identification.

[0137] The first number can be set based on experience. Alternatively, the first number can also be determined based on the link error level of the transmission PMA training sequence. The lower the error rate of the link, the larger the first number, so that the condition for determining the delimiter is more stringent, ensuring the accuracy of the determined delimiter. The higher the error rate of the link, the higher the probability of delimiter error, and the smaller the first number, which is more conducive to improving the probability of delimiter matching, but also increases the probability of delimiter mismatch (for example, data code groups are misidentified as non-data code groups due to errors). By determining that more than the fourth number of delimiters in the plurality of consecutive delimiters match, the probability of delimiter mismatch can be reduced, and the efficiency and accuracy of the delimiter can be ensured.

[0138] In a possible implementation, the number of reference delimiters can be multiple, and if the first number of non-data code groups conforms to any one of the reference delimiters, the delimiter in the PMA training sequence can be determined according to the first number of non-data code groups.

[0139] Determining the delimiter according to the first number of non-data code groups includes: determining the order of the first number of non-data code groups in the delimiter according to the order of the first number of reference code groups corresponding to the first number of non-data code groups in the reference code groups included in the reference delimiter; and determining the delimiter according to the order of the first number of non-data code groups in the delimiter and the third number.

[0140] For example, the first number is 5 and the third number is 8, that is, there are 5 non-data code groups in the 8 continuous code groups, and the 5 non-data code groups are non-data code group 1-non-data code group 5 respectively, and the 5 non-data code groups correspond to reference code group 1-reference code group 5 respectively. The order of the reference code group 1 corresponding to the non-data code group 1 in the 8 reference code groups included in the reference delimiter is 2, the order of the reference code group 2 corresponding to the non-data code group 2 in the 8 reference code groups included in the reference delimiter is 3, the order of the reference code group 3 corresponding to the non-data code group 3 in the 8 reference code groups included in the reference delimiter is 5, the order of the reference code group 4 corresponding to the non-data code group 4 in the 8 reference code groups included in the reference delimiter is 6, and the order of the reference code group 5 corresponding to the non-data code group 5 in the 8 reference code groups included in the reference delimiter is 7.

[0141] Therefore, it can be determined that the determined non-data code group 1 is not the first code group included in the delimiter, and it can be determined that the previous code group of the non-data code group 1 also belongs to the delimiter, and the previous code group is the first non-data code group in the delimiter, but the content of the previous code group may be changed due to link errors, so that the previous code group fails to match the reference code group. Taking the first non-data code group in the determined delimiter as a reference, the third number of code groups are determined as the delimiter, so as to complete the identification of one delimiter. Alternatively, the number of non-data code groups in the determined delimiter can be greater than or equal to the number of reference code groups in the reference delimiter.

[0142] In the embodiments of the present application, the PMA training sequence can include one or more delimiters. In the case where the PMA training sequence includes multiple delimiters, each delimiter in the PMA training sequence can be identified according to the method of identifying one delimiter described above.

[0143] Alternatively, in a possible implementation, the PMA training sequence includes multiple delimiters, and the distance between any two adjacent delimiters in the multiple delimiters is fixed. Therefore, after identifying the first delimiter in the PMA training sequence, the positions of other delimiters in the PMA training sequence can be predicted based on the position of the first delimiter and the distance between the two adjacent delimiters.

[0144] The way in which the device receiving the PMA training sequence acquires the distance between the two adjacent delimiters can be that the device receiving the PMA training sequence determines the distance between the two adjacent delimiters according to the generation rule of the PMA training sequence. The position of any one delimiter can be indicated by the offset of the first symbol in any one delimiter from the first code group of the PMA training sequence, and the offset can be based on the number of symbols between the first symbol in any one delimiter and the first symbol of the PMA training sequence.

[0145] For example, if the first symbol in the first delimiter is the first symbol in the PMA training sequence, the offset between the first symbol in the first delimiter and the first symbol in the PMA training sequence is 0, i.e. the position of the first delimiter is 0, which indicates that the first delimiter is located at the start of the PMA training sequence.

[0146] Next, taking the distance between two adjacent delimiters as 60 for example, if the position of the first delimiter is 0, the position of the delimiter adjacent to the first delimiter is 60, then the code group to which the symbol with an offset of 60 from the first symbol in the PMA training sequence belongs can be determined as the first non-data code group of the second delimiter in the PMA training sequence, and the second delimiter can be determined based on the number of reference code groups in the reference delimiter and taking the first non-data code group in the second delimiter as a reference. Correspondingly, the distance between the third delimiter and the second delimiter is 60, then the symbol with an offset of 60 from the first symbol in the second delimiter after the second delimiter can be determined as the first symbol in the third delimiter, and the third delimiter can be determined based on the number of reference code groups in the reference delimiter and taking the code group to which the first symbol in the third delimiter belongs as a reference. In this way, the positions of the delimiters in the PMA training sequence can be determined.

[0147] Due to the influence of link errors, the symbols in the PMA training sequence can be changed, so that the delimiters in the PMA training sequence determined based on the distance between two adjacent delimiters are possible delimiters, but not necessarily accurate delimiters. After the positions of the possible delimiters are determined, the code group contents corresponding to the positions of the possible delimiters can be obtained, and if the contents of at least the fourth number of possible delimiters are consistent with the reference delimiters, it can be determined that the boundaries of the code groups are correct, the delimiters are accurate, the possible delimiters are confirmed as correct delimiters, and the identification of the delimiters in the PMA training sequence is completed. The fourth number of possible delimiters can be a continuous fourth number of delimiters, or a discontinuous fourth number of delimiters.

[0148] The fourth quantity can be set based on experience. Alternatively, the fourth quantity can also be determined based on the error rate of the link transmitting the PMA training sequence. The higher the error rate of the link, the larger the fourth quantity, so that the condition for determining the delimiter is more stringent, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the determined delimiter. The lower the error rate of the link, the smaller the fourth quantity, and the fewer the number of delimiters that need to be compared in the process of determining the delimiter, thereby improving the efficiency of determining the delimiter while ensuring the accuracy of the determined delimiter. In some cases, the fourth quantity and the first quantity are jointly affected by the error rate of the link, so that the fourth quantity and the first quantity corresponding thereto can be determined according to the error rate of the link, so that each accurate delimiter in the PMA training sequence is determined according to the first quantity and the fourth quantity.

[0149] If the number of the determined delimiters that meet the content of the reference delimiter is less than the fourth quantity, the delimiters in the PMA training sequence can be re-identified, and each delimiter or part of the delimiters can be determined, until at least the fourth quantity of the determined delimiters meet the reference delimiter, and the reliable identification of the delimiters in the PMA training sequence is completed. The re-identification described above can also be understood as a re-search process.

[0150] Due to the influence of link errors, the content of part of the delimiters can be incorrect, resulting in that the delimiters cannot be detected by delimiter matching, i.e., cannot be identified as delimiters, thereby causing the distance between two adjacent delimiters to be enlarged. Therefore, in the case of link errors, the distance between part of the adjacent delimiters can change, i.e., the distance between two adjacent delimiters can not be fixed.

[0151] In a possible implementation, as shown in FIG. 7, since the DISPRESET code group has 8 possible contents, the complexity of the matching detection with the reference code group is increased, and therefore only the matching of the last 5 reference code groups in the reference delimiter can be detected. For example, if it is found that the received consecutive 5 code groups all match the last 5 reference code groups of the reference delimiter, it is considered that the delimiter matches.

[0152] Based on the foregoing description, it can be known that the delimiter includes but is not limited to the following characteristics:

[0153] The non-data code group in the delimiter includes an adjustment code group, and the adjustment code group is used to adjust the inequality of the PMA training sequence.

[0154] The content of the delimiter indicates the state of the device transmitting the PMA training sequence.

[0155] In the case where the delimiter includes a non-data code group, the state of the device is indicated by at least one of the following:

[0156] the type of the non-data code group in the delimiter;

[0157] the relative position of different types of non-data code groups in the delimiter;

[0158] the number of non-data code groups in the delimiter.

[0159] The description of the content included in the delimiter and the characteristics of the delimiter can refer to the description of S402, which will not be repeated here. In the embodiment of the application, since the delimiter can carry information indicating the state of the device sending the PMA training sequence, the device receiving the PMA training sequence can obtain the state information of the device sending the PMA training sequence and the indication information of the local device itself sending the PMA training sequence by identifying the delimiter and obtaining the delimiter, so as to determine how to proceed with the next PMA training, thereby improving the completion degree and robustness of the PMA training, and thus realizing accurate information extraction.

[0160] Next, the process of determining the delimiter in the PMA training sequence is described through a complete example. Referring to the PMA training sequence shown in FIG. 8, once 2 SSD code groups are continuously searched, it is considered that a delimiter is found. After the delimiter is searched, the positions of other delimiters are predicted based on the boundary of the current delimiter and according to the regularity of the occurrence of the delimiter in the PMA training sequence, and it is judged whether the code groups corresponding to the predicted positions match the reference code group. For example, the insertion period of the delimiter is 2.56 microseconds (microsecond, us), if the code groups corresponding to the continuous 4 predicted positions match the reference code group, the current code group and the delimiter are correctly and reliably delimited. If the code groups corresponding to the continuous 6 predicted positions do not match the reference code group, the current code group and the delimiter are delimited incorrectly, and the delimiter needs to be searched again. The matching and continuity detection mechanism can ensure that the delimiter is quickly and reliably implemented in the case that the link error rate is lower than 1e-5. In the example, the non-data code group is ±1 combination, and the influence of the link error rate on it is less than that of the non-data code group containing 0. In addition, the non-equality of the non-data code group is 0, and the delimiter uses multiple non-data code groups of the same type, which reduces the complexity of the matching detection. The above delimiter process is also applicable to the 4B3T encoding format, and the delimiter process under the 4B3T encoding format can refer to the above process, which will not be repeated here.

[0161] S1103, delimiting the data in the PMA training sequence according to the delimiter to obtain a delimiting result.

[0162] Since the data in the PMA training sequence is separated by the delimiters, after the delimiters are determined, the boundaries of the data in the PMA training sequence can be determined, and the data can be delimited. For example, the data in the PMA training sequence is delimited according to the delimiters, including: determining the boundary of the delimiters; and determining the boundary of the data according to the boundary of the delimiters. Optionally, the boundary of any one delimiter includes a left boundary and a right boundary, the left boundary can be indicated by the position of the first symbol in any one delimiter, and the right boundary can be indicated by the position of the last symbol in any one delimiter. For any two adjacent delimiters, taking the delimiter in the front as the first delimiter and the delimiter in the back as the second delimiter, the position of the last symbol in the first delimiter and the position of the first symbol in the second delimiter are the boundary of the data between the first delimiter and the second delimiter.

[0163] In some cases, part of the data in the PMA training sequence is not between two adjacent delimiters. For example, referring to the PMA training sequence shown in FIG. 5, the data in the content of the PMA training sequence encoded by the n+1th PMA training frame is located at the tail end of the PMA training sequence, and is not between two delimiters. In this case, the boundary of the data not between two delimiters can be determined according to the relative position relationship between the position of the first delimiter in the PMA training sequence and the start position of the PMA training sequence and the boundary of the delimiter.

[0164] The relative position relationship between the position of the first delimiter and the start position of the PMA training sequence can be that the position of the first delimiter is the same as the start position of the PMA training sequence, or the relative position relationship between the position of the first delimiter and the start position of the PMA training sequence can also be that the position of the first delimiter is after the start position of the PMA training sequence.

[0165] If the position of the first delimiter is the same as the start position of the PMA training sequence, it means that the delimiters and the data in the PMA training sequence are alternately present, and the delimiters are before the data, that is, the PMA training sequence shown in FIG. 5. Thus, it can be determined that the data at the tail end of the PMA training sequence is not between two adjacent delimiters, and the boundary of the data at the tail end of the PMA training sequence includes the position of the last symbol in the front delimiter of the data and the position of the last symbol of the PMA training sequence.

[0166] If the position of the first delimiter is after the start position of the PMA training sequence, it means that the delimiters and data in the PMA training sequence are alternately arranged, and the delimiters are after the data, that is, the PMA training sequence shown in FIG. 9. Thus, it can be determined that the data at the start of the PMA training sequence is not located between two adjacent delimiters, and the boundary of the data at the start of the PMA training sequence includes the position of the first symbol in the rear delimiter of the data and the position of the first symbol of the PMA training sequence.

[0167] In the embodiment of the present application, the delimiting result includes the boundary of the first data and the second data. Based on the foregoing description, it can be known that the PMA training sequence is generated based on at least one PMA training frame, and thus the embodiment of the present application can further determine the boundary of the PMA training frame used to generate the PMA training sequence based on the boundary of the first data and the second data, so as to determine the information included in each PMA training frame.

[0168] In a possible implementation, the PMA training frame includes a plurality of PMA training subframes. In this implementation, determining the boundary of the PMA training frame used to generate the PMA training sequence based on the boundary of the first data and the second data includes: decoding the first data and the second data based on the boundary of the first data and the second data respectively to obtain a decoding result and the boundary of the subframe; performing scrambling synchronization and descrambling on the decoding result, and determining the boundary of the plurality of PMA training subframes based on a training frame generation rule and the descrambling result; and determining the boundary of the PMA training frame based on the boundary of the plurality of PMA training subframes.

[0169] The decoding of the first data and the second data refers to decoding the PMA training sequence according to the encoding format, and determining the bits corresponding to the first data and the second data in the bit stream obtained by decoding, and the bit stream corresponding to the first data and the second data is the decoding result of the first data and the second data. The manner of performing scrambling synchronization and descrambling on the decoding result can refer to the description of a related standard, for example, the 10BASE-T1L standard or the 100BASE-T1 standard. Further, the boundary of the plurality of PMA training subframes can be determined based on the training frame generation rule and the descrambling result. The training frame generation rule refers to the rule of obtaining the PMA training frame based on the PRBS sequence, and the rule of obtaining the PMA training frame based on the PRBS sequence can be used to determine each PMA training subframe, and further determine the boundary of each PMA training subframe.

[0170] After the boundaries of the plurality of PMA training subframes are determined, the boundaries of the PMA training frame can be determined according to the boundaries of the plurality of PMA training subframes. For example, the boundaries of the PMA training frame are determined according to the boundaries of the plurality of PMA training subframes, including: identifying a tail-end training subframe including tail-end indication information in the plurality of PMA training subframes, the tail-end training subframe being the last PMA training subframe in a PMA training frame; and determining the boundaries of the PMA training frame according to the tail-end training subframe and the boundaries of the plurality of PMA training subframes.

[0171] As described above, for a PMA training frame including N PMA training subframes, the training frame is generated by a PRBS sequence according to a certain rule, the first bit of the subframe 1 to the subframe N-1 is obtained by inverting the bit at the corresponding position of the PRBS sequence, and the remaining bits are the same as the corresponding PRBS sequence. Part of the bits of the subframe N are obtained by performing XOR operation between the PRBS sequence at the corresponding position and the indication information InfoField (i.e., scrambling operation), and the remaining bits are the same as the PRBS sequence at the corresponding position. Thus, under the ideal error-free condition, the bit stream obtained after decoding the training sequence is XORed with the PRBS sequence. If the first bit of the XOR result of the content of any one of the PMA training subframes and the PRBS sequence is 1, and the remaining bits are all 0, it means that any one of the PMA training subframes is not a tail-end training subframe. If the content at the frame header position of the InfoField information domain in the XOR result of the content of any one of the PMA training subframes and the PRBS sequence matches the frame header of the information domain, it means that any one of the PMA training subframes carries tail-end indication information, and any one of the PMA training subframes can be determined as the tail-end training subframe. After the tail-end training subframe is determined, the boundaries of the PMA training frame can be determined based on the boundaries of the tail-end training subframe.

[0172] In another possible implementation, the content in the PMA training sequence corresponding to the tail-end training subframe does not include the delimiter, the sequence boundary corresponding to the subframe can be determined according to the boundary between the first data and the second data, the sequence boundary corresponding to the tail-end training subframe is determined according to the feature that the tail-end training subframe does not contain the delimiter, and thus the boundaries of the decoded PMA training frame are determined. In this implementation, if the content at the position of the predicted possible delimiter does not match the content of the reference delimiter, the boundaries of the PMA training frame can be determined according to the difference between the distances of the two adjacent possible delimiters predicted or according to the difference between the distances of the two adjacent data determined by the delimiter.

[0173] For example, if the distance between the boundary of data a and the boundary of data b is determined as s1, the distance between the boundary of data b and the boundary of data c is determined as s1, the distance between the boundary of data c and the boundary of data d is determined as s2, and s2 is greater than s1, it is determined that the boundary between the boundary of data c and the boundary of data d includes the data corresponding to the tail-end training subframe, and then the boundary of the tail-end training subframe is determined, and the boundary of the PMA training frame is determined according to the boundary of the tail-end training subframe.

[0174] In another possible implementation, the PMA training frame does not include a plurality of PMA training subframes. In this implementation, the boundary of the PMA training frame can be determined according to the position of the delimiter in the PMA training sequence.

[0175] In the embodiments of the present application, the delimiting result can be used not only for delimiting the PMA training frame, but also for delimiting the data frame in the data mode. In some cases, if the FEC is enabled in the data mode, the data frame is an FEC type data frame, that is, an FEC frame, the length of the training frame in the embodiments of the present application can be an integer multiple of the length of the FEC frame, and the encoding format of the PMA training frame is the same as the encoding format of the data frame, so the delimiting of the data frame can be quickly completed according to this characteristic.

[0176] For example, the mapping length can be determined according to the boundary of the PMA training frame used for generating the PMA training sequence, the mapping length being the length of first content in the PMA training sequence, the first content being content corresponding to the PMA training frame, the boundary of the PMA training frame being determined based on the delimiting result; a data sequence is received, the mapping length being an integer multiple of the length of second content in the data sequence, the second content being content corresponding to the data frame, the data sequence being generated based on the data frame; and the boundary of the data frame is determined according to the mapping length.

[0177] Since the length of the PMA training frame is an integer multiple of the length of the data frame, and the encoding format of the PMA training frame is the same as the encoding format of the data frame, for example, both are PAM3 encoding formats, the number of symbols corresponding to one bit of the PMA training frame in the PMA training sequence is the same as the number of symbols corresponding to one bit of the data frame in the data sequence, so the mapping length of the content corresponding to one PMA training frame in the PMA training sequence is an integer multiple of the length of the content corresponding to one data frame in the data sequence.

[0178] In a possible implementation, the boundary of the data frame is determined according to the mapping length, including: dividing the data sequence according to the mapping length to obtain a division result; and determining the boundary of the data frame according to the division result and the composition of the data frame. The division result obtained according to the mapping length includes the content encoded by one or more data frames. Since the data frame is an FEC frame, the division result can be divided again according to the content encoded by the FEC code in the FEC frame. The result after the re-division corresponds to the content in the data sequence encoded by one data frame. The content in the data sequence encoded by one data frame is decoded, synchronization is performed, and descrambling is performed, so that the content of one data frame is determined, thereby realizing the delimitation of the data frame.

[0179] In some other cases, the FEC is not enabled in the data mode, but the length of the data frame is fixed, the length of the PMA training frame is an integer multiple of the length of the data frame, and the encoding format of the PMA training frame is the same as that of the data frame. Therefore, the mapping length of the content in the PMA training sequence corresponding to the PMA training frame is an integer multiple of the length of the content in the data sequence corresponding to the data frame. Therefore, the data sequence can also be divided according to the mapping length to obtain a division result, and the boundary of the data frame is determined according to the division result and the composition of the data frame. Since the data frame is not an FEC frame, the division result can be divided again by identifying the delimiters in the division result, and the result after the re-division corresponds to the content in the data sequence encoded by one data frame.

[0180] In some other cases, the FEC is not enabled in the data mode, and the length of the data frame is not fixed, so the length of the data sequence encoded by the data frame is not fixed, and the position of the delimiter in the data sequence is not fixed. Therefore, the device receiving the data sequence can identify each delimiter in the data sequence in the same way as identifying the first delimiter in the PMA training sequence.

[0181] Exemplarily, referring to FIG. 12, a process diagram of a data sequence transmitted according to a related art is shown. The received data sequence includes two COMMA code groups, a DISPRESET code group, an SSD code group, data encoded based on a 4B3T encoding format, two COMMA code groups, a DISPRESET code group, an ESD / ESD_ERR code group, and then enters an IDLE state of the 4B3T decoding format. The two COMMA code groups, the DISPRESET code group, and the SSD code group in the received data sequence are a delimiter, and the two COMMA code groups, the DISPRESET code group, and the ESD / ESD_ERR code group are another delimiter. It can be seen that the composition of the delimiter in the PMA training sequence of the embodiment of the present application is similar to the composition of the delimiter of the data sequence transmitted in the data mode, and thus the method and process of delimiting the PMA training sequence in the embodiment of the present application by the receiving end are similar to the method and process of delimiting the data frame according to the data sequence. Therefore, by delimiting the PMA training sequence in the embodiment of the present application, the ability of the receiving end to delimit the data sequence similar to the composition of the PMA training sequence can be improved. Moreover, the encoding format of the PMA training sequence obtained by encoding the PMA training frame is the same as the encoding format of the data sequence obtained by encoding the data frame, so that the device receiving the PMA training sequence and the data sequence can complete the PMA training according to the same scrambler and the same PCS working clock, thereby reducing the time of PMA training and reducing the complexity of the PCS.

[0182] In a possible implementation, the delimiter in the data sequence can include a plurality of directional code groups. For example, the delimiter can include a plurality of SSD code groups or a plurality of ESD code groups. In the process of determining the delimiter in the data sequence, if the determined delimiter includes at least one directional code group, it can be considered that the determined delimiter is correct, thereby improving the reliability of delimiter identification.

[0183] In summary, the embodiment of the present application can enable the receiving end to achieve accurate and efficient delimiting by constructing the PMA training sequence including the delimiter at the sending end.

[0184] In an exemplary embodiment, a delimiting method is also provided, which can achieve accurate delimiting. Referring to FIG. 13, a flow diagram of a delimiting method provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown, and the delimiting method includes but is not limited to the following S1301 to S1302.

[0185] S1301, receiving a PMA training sequence, the PMA training sequence including first data and second data, and a non-data code group between the first data and the second data.

[0186] The non-data code group refers to a code group different from the data code group included in the data or a code group with a pointing direction.

[0187] S1302, in the case that the non-data code group is a delimiter in the PMA training sequence, delimiting the data in the PMA training sequence according to the non-data code group to obtain a delimiting result.

[0188] Since the content of the data code group can be the same as the content of the non-data code group, after obtaining the non-data code group, it can be determined whether the non-data code group is a delimiter. If the non-data code group is a delimiter, delimiting according to the non-data code group can ensure the accuracy of the delimiting result. If the non-data code group is not a delimiter or does not belong to a delimiter, delimiting according to the non-data code group is avoided to avoid obtaining an incorrect delimiting result.

[0189] In a possible implementation, in the case that the non-data code group is a delimiter in the PMA training sequence, before delimiting the data in the PMA training sequence according to the non-data code group to obtain a delimiting result, it further includes: in the case that the number of non-data code groups identical to the reference code group in the non-data code group is greater than or equal to a first number, determining the non-data code group between the first data and the second data as a delimiter, and the reference code group is a code group in the reference delimiter.

[0190] If the number of non-data code groups identical to the reference code group in the non-data code group is greater than or equal to the first number, it indicates that the obtained non-data code group conforms to the reference delimiter, and the non-data code group can be determined as a delimiter. If the number of non-data code groups identical to the reference code group is less than the first number, it indicates that the obtained non-data code group does not conform to the reference delimiter, which means that it may be a misacquired non-data code group. The obtained non-data code group is not determined as a delimiter.

[0191] The first number is determined based on the error rate of the link transmitting the PMA training sequence.

[0192] Optionally, the delimiter includes the non-data code group, the number of non-data code groups included in the delimiter is the same as the number of reference code groups included in the reference delimiter, the order of any one non-data code group in the plurality of non-data code groups is the same as the order of the reference code group corresponding to the any one non-data code group in the plurality of reference code groups, and the content of the any one non-data code group is the same as the content of the reference code group corresponding to the any one non-data code group.

[0193] The PMA training sequence includes a plurality of delimiters, and the distance between any two adjacent delimiters in the plurality of delimiters is fixed.

[0194] In some cases, the delimiter can include but is not limited to the following characteristics:

[0195] The non-data code group in the delimiter includes an adjustment code group, and the adjustment code group is used to adjust the unevenness of the PMA training sequence.

[0196] The content of the delimiter indicates a state of the device sending the PMA training sequence.

[0197] In the case where the delimiter includes the non-data code group, the state of the device is indicated by at least one of the following:

[0198] The type of the non-data code group in the delimiter.

[0199] The relative position of different types of non-data code groups in the delimiter.

[0200] The number of non-data code groups in the delimiter.

[0201] In a possible implementation, the delimiter result includes a boundary of the first data and the second data, and the method further includes: determining a boundary of a PMA training frame used to generate the PMA training sequence according to the boundary of the first data and the second data.

[0202] Optionally, the PMA training frame includes a plurality of PMA training subframes; and the determining of the boundary of the PMA training frame used to generate the PMA training sequence according to the boundary of the first data and the second data includes: decoding the first data and the second data respectively according to the boundary of the first data and the second data to obtain a decoding result and a boundary of a training frame subframe; performing scrambling synchronization and descrambling according to the decoding result; and determining a position of a tail-end training frame according to a training frame generation rule and a bit stream obtained by the descrambling, so as to obtain the boundary of the PMA training frame.

[0203] The result obtained by the scrambling synchronization and the descrambling according to the decoding result can be used to determine the similarities and differences between bit streams corresponding to the PMA training subframes, so as to determine the boundaries of the PMA training subframes according to the similarities and differences between the bit streams corresponding to the PMA training subframes, and accurately determine the tail-end training subframe.

[0204] Exemplarily, the determining of the boundary of the PMA training frame according to the boundaries of the plurality of PMA training subframes includes: identifying a tail-end training subframe including tail-end indication information in the plurality of PMA training subframes, the tail-end training subframe being a last PMA training subframe in a PMA training frame; and determining the boundary of the PMA training frame according to the tail-end training subframe and the boundaries of the plurality of PMA training subframes.

[0205] In a possible implementation, the method further includes: determining a mapping length according to a boundary of the PMA training frame used to generate the PMA training sequence, the mapping length being a length of first content in the PMA training sequence, the first content being content corresponding to the PMA training frame, the boundary of the PMA training frame being determined based on the delimiting result; receiving a data sequence, the mapping length being an integer multiple of a length of second content in the data sequence, the second content being content corresponding to the data frame, the data sequence being generated based on the data frame; and determining a boundary of the data frame according to the mapping length.

[0206] The method and advantages of S1301 to S1302 are described above in the method and advantages of S1101 to S1103, which are not repeated here.

[0207] The above describes the delimiting method provided by the embodiments of the present application. Corresponding to the above method, the embodiments of the present application further provide a delimiting device. The device is applied to a receiving end. The device is used to execute the method in FIG. 11 or FIG. 13 by each module shown in FIG. 14. As shown in FIG. 14, the delimiting device provided by the embodiments of the present application includes the following modules.

[0208] The interface circuit 1401 is configured to receive a physical media attachment (PMA) training sequence, the PMA training sequence including first data and second data, and a delimiter between the first data and the second data; the control circuit 1402 is configured to identify the delimiter in the PMA training sequence; and the control circuit 1402 is further configured to delimit the data in the PMA training sequence according to the delimiter to obtain a delimiting result.

[0209] In a possible implementation, the delimiter includes a non-data code group, and the control circuit 1402 is configured to acquire the non-data code group in the training sequence; and in response to a first number of non-data code groups being identical to a first number of reference code groups in a reference delimiter respectively, the control circuit 1402 is configured to determine the delimiter according to the first number of non-data code groups.

[0210] Alternatively, the interface circuit 1401 is configured to receive a physical media attachment (PMA) training sequence, the PMA training sequence including first data and second data, and a non-data code group between the first data and the second data; and the control circuit 1402 is configured to, in a case where the non-data code group is a delimiter in the PMA training sequence, delimit the data in the PMA training sequence according to the non-data code group to obtain a delimiting result.

[0211] In a possible implementation, in the case that the non-data code group is a delimiter in the PMA training sequence, the control circuit 1402 is further configured to determine the non-data code group between the first data and the second data as the delimiter in the case that the number of the non-data code groups in the non-data code group is greater than or equal to the first number and is same as the number of the reference code groups in the reference delimiter.

[0212] In a possible implementation, the delimiter includes the non-data code groups, the number of the non-data code groups included in the delimiter is same as the number of the reference code groups included in the reference delimiter, the order of any one of the non-data code groups in the delimiter in the plurality of non-data code groups is same as the order of the reference code group corresponding to the any one of the non-data code groups in the plurality of reference code groups, and the content of the any one of the non-data code groups is same as the content of the reference code group corresponding to the any one of the non-data code groups.

[0213] In a possible implementation, the first number is determined based on the bit error rate of the link that transmits the PMA training sequence.

[0214] In a possible implementation, the PMA training sequence includes a plurality of delimiters, and the distance between any two adjacent delimiters in the plurality of delimiters is fixed.

[0215] In a possible implementation, the non-data code group in the delimiter includes an adjustment code group, and the adjustment code group is used to adjust the unevenness of the PMA training sequence.

[0216] In a possible implementation, the content of the delimiter indicates the state of the device that transmits the PMA training sequence.

[0217] In a possible implementation, in the case that the delimiter includes the non-data code groups, the state of the device is indicated by at least one of the following: the type of the non-data code group in the delimiter; the relative position of the different types of the non-data code groups in the delimiter; and the number of the non-data code groups in the delimiter.

[0218] In a possible implementation, the delimiting result includes the boundary between the first data and the second data, and the control circuit 1402 is further configured to determine the boundary of the PMA training frame used to generate the PMA training sequence according to the boundary between the first data and the second data.

[0219] In a possible implementation, the PMA training frame includes a plurality of PMA training subframes, the control circuit 1402 is configured to decode the first data and the second data respectively according to the boundary between the first data and the second data to obtain a decoding result, perform scrambling synchronization and descrambling on the decoding result, determine the boundary of the plurality of PMA training subframes according to the training frame generation rule and the descrambling result, and determine the boundary of the PMA training frame according to the boundary of the plurality of PMA training subframes.

[0220] In a possible implementation, the control circuit 1402 is configured to identify a tail-end training subframe including tail-end indication information in the plurality of PMA training subframes, the tail-end training subframe being a last PMA training subframe in a PMA training frame; and determine a boundary of the PMA training frame according to a boundary of the tail-end training subframe and a boundary of the plurality of PMA training subframes.

[0221] In a possible implementation, the control circuit 1402 is further configured to determine a mapping length according to the boundary of the PMA training frame for generating the PMA training sequence, the mapping length being a length of first content in the PMA training sequence, the first content being content corresponding to the PMA training frame, the boundary of the PMA training frame being determined based on the delimiting result; receive a data sequence, the mapping length being an integer multiple of a length of second content in the data sequence, the second content being content corresponding to a data frame, the data sequence being generated based on the data frame; and determine a boundary of the data frame according to the mapping length.

[0222] Embodiments of the present application further provide a delimiting apparatus. The apparatus is applied to a receiving end. The apparatus is configured to perform the method in FIG. 4 by using the modules shown in FIG. 15. As shown in FIG. 15, the delimiting apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present application includes the following modules.

[0223] The control circuit 1502 is configured to obtain at least one PMA training frame; the control circuit 1502 is further configured to encode the at least one PMA training frame to obtain a PMA training sequence, the PMA training sequence including first data and second data, and the first data and the second data including a delimiter therebetween; and the interface circuit 1501 is configured to send the PMA training sequence, so that an apparatus receiving the PMA training sequence delimits data in the PMA training sequence.

[0224] In a possible implementation, the delimiter includes a non-data code group.

[0225] In a possible implementation, the non-data code group includes an adjustment code group, and the adjustment code group is configured to adjust unevenness of the PMA training sequence.

[0226] In a possible implementation, the content of the delimiter indicates a state of the apparatus sending the PMA training sequence.

[0227] In a possible implementation, in the case that the delimiter includes the non-data code group, the state of the apparatus is indicated by at least one of the following: a type of the non-data code group in the delimiter; relative positions of different types of the non-data code groups in the delimiter; and a number of the non-data code groups in the delimiter.

[0228] In a possible implementation, in a case where one PMA training frame includes a plurality of PMA training subframes, the last PMA training subframe in the PMA training frame is a tail-end training subframe, and the tail-end training subframe includes tail-end indication information. In an example embodiment, the above-mentioned delimiting apparatus can be a chip, which can also be referred to as an integrated circuit (IC). The delimiting apparatus can be applied to devices such as industrial switches or end-side instruments. Specifically, the delimiting apparatus can be implemented by a chip in the above-mentioned devices.

[0229] The industrial switch can be a power supply switch or a field switch, for example. The structure of the industrial switch can include a physical layer (PHY) chip and a switching chip. The PHY chip is responsible for processing functions of physical layer data transmission and reception, and usually includes functions such as signal conditioning, demodulation, encoding and decoding. The switching chip is responsible for implementing data packet forwarding and switching functions, and usually includes functional modules such as a switching matrix, a media access control (MAC) address table, and a data buffer, and can achieve fast and efficient data packet forwarding. The delimiting apparatus in the embodiments of the present application can include at least one of the PHY chip or the switching chip.

[0230] Alternatively, the delimiting apparatus can also be applied to servo drivers and servo motors. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the delimiting apparatus can be implemented by a chip in the servo driver and the servo motor.

[0231] Referring to FIG. 16, FIG. 16 shows a structural schematic diagram of an example delimiting device 1600 according to the present application, which includes at least one processor 1601, a memory 1603, and at least one network interface 1604.

[0232] The processor 1601 is, for example, a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), a network processer (NP), a GPU, a neural-network processing units (NPU), a data processing unit (DPU), a microprocessor, or one or more integrated circuits or application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) for implementing the schemes of the present application, programmable logic devices (PLDs), other general-purpose processors, or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof. The PLD is, for example, a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a generic array logic (GAL), or any combination thereof. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. It is worth noting that the processor can be a processor supporting an advanced RISC machine (ARM) architecture. It can implement or execute various logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the disclosure of the present application. The processor can also be a combination implementing a computing function, such as a combination of one or more microprocessors, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, etc.

[0233] Optionally, the delimiting device 1600 further includes a bus 1602. The bus 1602 is used to transmit information between the components of the delimiting device 1600. The bus 1602 can be a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus or an extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus, etc. The bus 1602 can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of representation, only one line is shown in FIG. 16, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or only one type of bus.

[0234] The memory 1603 is, for example, a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or can include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory can be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable ROM (PROM), an erasable PROM (EPROM), an electrically EPROM (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory can be a random access memory (RAM) used as an external cache.

[0235] By way of example, and not limitation, a number of forms of ROM and RAM are possible. For example, the ROM is a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM). The RAM includes, but is not limited to, a static RAM (SRAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), a double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), an enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), a synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and a direct rambus RAM (DR RAM).

[0236] The memory 1603 can also be other types of storage devices capable of storing static and dynamic information and instructions. Alternatively, it can be other types of dynamic storage devices that can store information and instructions. Alternatively, it can be other optical disc storage, including a compact disc, a laser disc, an optical disc, a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc, and the like, magnetic disc storage media, or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer, but not limited to. The memory 1603 is, for example, independently existing and connected to the processor 1601 through the bus 1602. The memory 1603 can also be integrated with the processor 1601.

[0237] The network interface 1604 uses any transceiver-like mechanism for communicating with other devices or a communications network, which can be an Ethernet network, a radio access network (RAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), or the like. The network interface 1604 can include a wired network interface and / or a wireless network interface. In particular, the network interface 1604 can be an Ethernet interface, such as a Fast Ethernet (FE) interface, a Gigabit Ethernet (GE) interface, an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) interface, a WLAN interface, a cellular network interface, or the like, or a combination thereof. The Ethernet interface can be an optical interface, an electrical interface, or the combination thereof. In some embodiments of the present application, the network interface 1604 can be used to facilitate communication between the delimiting device 1600 and other devices.

[0238] In a particular implementation, as some embodiments, the processor 1601 can include one or more CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 as shown in FIG. 16. Each of these processors can be a single core processor with one nuclear, or a multiple core processor with more than one nuclear. The processor here can refer to one or more devices, circuits, and / or processing cores for processing data (e.g., computer program instructions).

[0239] In a particular implementation, as some embodiments, the delimiting device 1600 can include multiple processors, such as the processor 1601 and the processor 1605 as shown in FIG. 16. Each of these processors can be a single core processor with one nuclear, or a multiple core processor with more than one nuclear. The processor here can refer to one or more devices, circuits, and / or processing cores for processing data (e.g., computer program instructions).

[0240] In some embodiments, the memory 1603 is used to store program instructions 1610 for implementing the solutions of the present application, and the processor 1601 can execute the program instructions 1610 stored in the memory 1603. That is, the delimiting device 1600 can implement the method provided by the method embodiments, i.e., the method performed by FIG. 4, FIG. 11 or FIG. 13, through the processor 1601 and the program instructions 1610 in the memory 1603. The program instructions 1610 can include one or more software modules. Alternatively, the processor 1601 itself can also store program instructions for implementing the solutions of the present application.

[0241] In a specific implementation process, the delimiting device 1600 of the present application can correspond to a first network element device for executing the above-mentioned method. The processor 1601 in the delimiting device 1600 reads the instructions in the memory 1603, so that the delimiting device 1600 shown in FIG. 16 can execute all or part of the steps in the method embodiment.

[0242] The delimiting device 1600 can also correspond to the device shown in the above-mentioned figure delimiting. Each functional module in the device shown in the figure delimiting is implemented by software of the delimiting device 1600. In other words, the functional modules included in the device shown in the figure delimiting are generated after the processor 1601 of the delimiting device 1600 reads the program instructions 1610 stored in the memory 1603.

[0243] The steps of the method shown in the figure delimiting are completed by the integrated logic circuit of the hardware in the processor of the delimiting device 1600 or the instructions in the form of software. The steps of the method embodiment disclosed in the present application can be directly embodied as execution completed by the hardware processor, or executed by the combination of the hardware and software modules in the processor. The software module can be located in the mature storage medium in the field, such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, register, etc. The storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory, and combines the hardware to complete the steps of the above-mentioned method embodiment. To avoid repetition, it will not be described in detail here.

[0244] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer program (product) is provided, the computer program (product) comprising: computer program code which, when executed by a computer, causes the computer to perform the method in FIG. 4, FIG. 11 or FIG. 13.

[0245] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, the computer-readable storage medium storing a program or instructions, when the program or instructions are executed on a computer, the computer performs the method in the above-mentioned FIG. 4, FIG. 11 or FIG. 13.

[0246] In an exemplary embodiment, a chip is provided, comprising a processor, for calling and executing instructions stored in a memory, so that the computer installed with the chip executes the method in FIG. 4, FIG. 11 or FIG. 13.

[0247] In an exemplary embodiment, another chip is provided, comprising: an input interface, an output interface, a processor and a memory, the input interface, the output interface, the processor and the memory are connected through internal connection paths. The processor is used to execute the code in the memory, when the code is executed, the computer installed with the chip executes the method in FIG. 4, FIG. 11 or FIG. 13.

[0248] In the above embodiments, all or part can be implemented by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When implemented by software, all or part can be implemented in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When loaded and executed by a computer, all or part generates the processes or functions described in the present application. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transferred from one computer-readable storage medium to another, for example, the computer instructions can be transferred from one website, computer, server or data center to another via wired (such as coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line) or wireless (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) manner. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. integrated with one or more available media. The available media can be magnetic media (such as floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), optical media (such as DVD), or semiconductor media (such as Solid State Disk) and the like.

[0249] The terms "first", "second", and the like in the present application are used to distinguish between elements or items having substantially the same function and similar items, and it should be understood that there is no logical or chronological dependency between "first", "second", "nth", and the quantity and execution order are not limited. It should also be understood that although the following description uses the terms first, second, and the like to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by the terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another.

[0250] It should also be understood that in various embodiments of the present application, the size of the serial number of each process does not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and inherent logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0251] In the present application, the term "at least one" means one or more, and the term "multiple" in the present application means two or more, for example, multiple second devices means two or more second devices. The terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably in this document.

[0252] It should be understood that the words “example” and “exemplary” are used herein to mean serving as an instance, example, or illustration, and not as a limitation. Unless otherwise indicated, the terms “a” and “an” are intended to encompass both singular and plural forms, and the singular form “an” is intended to also encompass the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0253] It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. The term “and / or” is a descriptive term that refers to an associated relationship between items in a list. It is not a term of limitation, but merely intending to define aspects of the described embodiments of the application, wherein alternatives are implied.

[0254] It should also be understood that the terms “if’ and “when” can be construed to mean “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” can be construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context.

[0255] The above description is merely illustrative of the application, and is not intended to limit the scope of the application. Any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement, and the like that are made within the principle of the application should be included in the protection scope of the application.

Claims

A delimiting method, characterized in that The method comprises: receiving a physical media attachment (PMA) training sequence, the PMA training sequence comprising first data and second data, the first data and the second data comprising a delimiter therebetween; identifying the delimiter in the PMA training sequence; delimiting data in the PMA training sequence according to the delimiter, to obtain a delimiting result. The method of claim 1, wherein The delimiter comprises a non-data code group, and the identifying the delimiter in the PMA training sequence comprises: obtaining the non-data code group in the PMA training sequence; in response to a first number of non-data code groups being identical to a first number of reference code groups in a reference delimiter, respectively, determining the delimiter according to the first number of non-data code groups. A delimiting method, characterized in that The method comprises: receiving a physical media attachment (PMA) training sequence, the PMA training sequence comprising first data and second data, the first data and the second data comprising a non-data code group therebetween; in a case where the non-data code group is a delimiter in the PMA training sequence, delimiting data in the PMA training sequence according to the non-data code group, to obtain a delimiting result. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The method further comprises, before the delimiting data in the PMA training sequence according to the non-data code group, to obtain a delimiting result, in a case where the non-data code group is a delimiter in the PMA training sequence: in a case where a number of non-data code groups identical to a reference code group in the non-data code group is greater than or equal to a first number, determining the non-data code group between the first data and the second data as the delimiter, the reference code group being a code group in a reference delimiter. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The delimiter comprises a non-data code group, a number of non-data code groups included in the delimiter being identical to a number of reference code groups included in a reference delimiter, an order of any one of the non-data code groups in a plurality of non-data code groups being identical to an order of a reference code group corresponding to the any one of the non-data code groups in a plurality of reference code groups, and a content of the any one of the non-data code groups being identical to a content of the reference code group corresponding to the any one of the non-data code groups. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The first number is determined based on an error code rate of a link transmitting the PMA training sequence. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The PMA training sequence comprises a plurality of delimiters, and a distance between any two adjacent delimiters in the plurality of delimiters is fixed. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that The non-data code group in the delimiter comprises an adjustment code group, and the adjustment code group is used to adjust unevenness of the PMA training sequence. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that A content of the delimiter indicates a state of a device transmitting the PMA training sequence. The method of claim 9, wherein In a case where the delimiter comprises a non-data code group, the state of the device is indicated by at least one of: a type of the non-data code group in the delimiter; relative positions of different types of non-data code groups in the delimiter; a number of non-data code groups in the delimiter. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that The delimiting result comprises a boundary of the first data and the second data, and the method further comprises: determining a boundary of a PMA training frame used to generate the PMA training sequence according to the boundary of the first data and the second data. The method of claim 11, wherein The PMA training frame includes a plurality of PMA training subframes; The method further includes: According to the boundary of the PMA training frame used for generating the PMA training sequence, a mapping length is determined, the mapping length being a length of first content in the PMA training sequence, the first content being content corresponding to the PMA training frame, the boundary of the PMA training frame being determined based on the delimiting result; A data sequence is received, the mapping length being an integer multiple of a length of second content in the data sequence, the second content being content corresponding to a data frame, the data sequence being generated based on the data frame; According to the mapping length, a boundary of the data frame is determined. The method includes: The method of claim 12, wherein At least one physical media attachment (PMA) training frame is obtained; The at least one PMA training frame is encoded to obtain a PMA training sequence, the PMA training sequence including first data and second data, a delimiting symbol being included between the first data and the second data; The PMA training sequence is transmitted, so that a device receiving the PMA training sequence delimits data in the PMA training sequence. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that The delimiting symbol includes a non-data code group. The non-data code group includes an adjustment code group, the adjustment code group being used to adjust unevenness of the PMA training sequence. Content of the delimiting symbol indicates a state of the device transmitting the PMA training sequence. In a case where the delimiting symbol includes a non-data code group, the state of the device is indicated by at least one of: A delimiting method, characterized in that A type of the non-data code group in the delimiting symbol; Relative positions of different types of non-data code groups in the delimiting symbol; A number of non-data code groups in the delimiting symbol. In a case where one PMA training frame includes a plurality of PMA training subframes, a last PMA training subframe in one PMA training frame is a tail-end training subframe, the tail-end training subframe including tail-end indication information. The method of claim 15, wherein The device includes a control circuit and an interface circuit; The method of claim 16, wherein ​ The method according to any of claims 15-17, characterized in that ​ The method of claim 18, wherein ​ ​ ​ ​ The method according to any of claims 15-19, characterized in that ​ A delimiting device, characterized in that ​ The interface circuit is configured to receive a physical media attachment (PMA) training sequence, the PMA training sequence comprising first data and second data, and the first data and the second data comprising a delimiter therebetween. The control circuit is configured to identify the delimiter in the PMA training sequence. The control circuit is further configured to delimit data in the PMA training sequence according to the delimiter to obtain a delimiting result. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein The delimiter comprises a non-data code group. The control circuit is configured to obtain a non-data code group in the PMA training sequence, and determine the delimiter according to a first number of non-data code groups that are identical to a first number of reference code groups in a reference delimiter, in response to the first number of non-data code groups being identical to the first number of reference code groups. A delimiting device, characterized in that The apparatus comprises a control circuit and an interface circuit. The interface circuit is configured to receive a physical media attachment (PMA) training sequence, the PMA training sequence comprising first data and second data, and the first data and the second data comprising a non-data code group therebetween. The control circuit is configured to delimit data in the PMA training sequence according to the non-data code group to obtain a delimiting result, in a case where the non-data code group is a delimiter in the PMA training sequence. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein The control circuit is further configured to determine the non-data code group between the first data and the second data as the delimiter, in a case where a number of non-data code groups identical to a reference code group in a reference delimiter in the non-data code group is greater than or equal to a first number. The apparatus of any of claims 21-24, wherein The delimiter comprises a non-data code group, a number of non-data code groups included in the delimiter is identical to a number of reference code groups included in a reference delimiter, an order of any non-data code group in the plurality of non-data code groups is identical to an order of a reference code group corresponding to the any non-data code group in the plurality of reference code groups, and a content of the any non-data code group is identical to a content of the reference code group corresponding to the any non-data code group. The apparatus of any of claims 21-25, wherein The first number is determined based on a bit error rate of a link transmitting the PMA training sequence. The apparatus of any of claims 21-26, wherein The delimiting result comprises a boundary of the first data and the second data, and the control circuit is further configured to determine a boundary of a PMA training frame used to generate the PMA training sequence according to the boundary of the first data and the second data. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein The PMA training frame comprises a plurality of PMA training subframes, and the control circuit is configured to decode the first data and the second data respectively according to the boundary of the first data and the second data to obtain a decoding result. The decoding result is subjected to scrambling synchronization and descrambling to obtain a descrambling result, and the boundary of the plurality of PMA training subframes is determined according to a training frame generation rule and the descrambling result. The boundary of the PMA training frame is determined according to the boundary of the plurality of PMA training subframes. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein The control circuit is configured to identify a tail-end training subframe including tail-end indication information in the plurality of PMA training subframes, the tail-end training subframe being a last PMA training subframe in a PMA training frame; and determine a boundary of the PMA training frame according to the tail-end training subframe and boundaries of the plurality of PMA training subframes. The apparatus according to any one of claims 21-29, characterized in that The control circuit is further configured to determine a mapping length according to a boundary of a PMA training frame used to generate the PMA training sequence, the mapping length being a length of first content in the PMA training sequence, the first content being content corresponding to the PMA training frame, the boundary of the PMA training frame being determined based on the delimiting result. The interface circuit is further configured to receive a data sequence, the mapping length being an integer multiple of a length of second content in the data sequence, the second content being content corresponding to a data frame, the data sequence being generated based on the data frame. The control circuit is further configured to determine a boundary of the data frame according to the mapping length. A delimiting device, characterized in that The apparatus includes an interface circuit and a control circuit. The control circuit is configured to obtain at least one physical media attachment (PMA) training frame. The control circuit is further configured to encode the at least one PMA training frame to obtain a PMA training sequence, the PMA training sequence including first data and second data, and a delimiter being included between the first data and the second data. The interface circuit is configured to send the PMA training sequence, so that a device receiving the PMA training sequence delimits data in the PMA training sequence.

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