Cyclic silicon compounds for organic electroluminescent devices

Abstract

The invention relates to cyclic silicon compounds for use in electronic devices, in particular in organic electroluminescent devices, and to electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, which contain these materials.

Description

[0001]Foreignfiling_text P24-094 - 1 - Cyclic Silicon Compounds for Organic Electroluminescent Devices The present invention relates to cyclic silicon compounds for use in electronic devices, in particular in organic electroluminescent devices, as well as electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, containing these materials. Many electroluminescent devices comprise, in addition to an emission layer, further layers, such as one or more hole injection layers, hole transport layers, hole blocking layers, electron transport layers, electron injection layers, exciton blocking layers, electron blocking layers, and / or charge-generation layers. These layers have a significant influence on the performance of electroluminescent devices.In general, there is still room for improvement in the materials used, particularly with regard to efficiency, but also with regard to the lifetime of the device. The object of the present invention is therefore to provide compounds suitable for use in an organic electronic device, in particular an organic electroluminescent device, and which, when used in this device, lead to good device properties, as well as to provide the corresponding electronic device. In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide compounds that lead to good efficiency and a long lifetime. Besides the emitters, hole-conducting materials, hole-injection materials, electron-blocking materials, electron-injection materials, electron-transport materials, and hole-blocking materials contribute to these properties.Furthermore, the properties of the matrix materials, also referred to herein as host materials, have a significant influence on the lifetime and efficiency of the organic electroluminescent device. Moreover, it is an object of the present invention to provide compounds characterized by a low refractive index (RI). Another object is to provide electronic devices with excellent performance at the lowest possible cost and with consistent quality. Furthermore, the electronic devices should be adaptable for many purposes. In particular, the performance of the electronic devices should be maintained over a wide temperature range.15 Surprisingly, it was found that certain compounds, described in more detail below, solve this problem, are well suited for use in electroluminescent devices, and lead to organic electroluminescent devices that exhibit very good properties, particularly with regard to lifetime, color purity, efficiency, and refractive index. These compounds, as well as electronic devices, especially organic electroluminescent devices containing such compounds, are therefore the subject of the present invention. 25 The subject of the present invention is a compound according to formula (I), 30. Formula (I) where the following applies to the symbols: 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 M stands for Si or Ge, preferably Si; V stands for a bond, a straight-chain alkylene group with 1 to 10 C atoms, preferably 1 to 5 C atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkylene group with 3 to 40 C atoms, preferably 3 to 20 C atoms, each with one or more R groups 1 may be substituted with non-H or for an ortho-linked aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 60, preferably 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted with one or more non-H substituents R, preferably V represents a bond, 10 a group -C(R 1 )2-, -C(R 1 )2-C(R 1 )2-, -C(R 1 )2-C(R 1 )2-C(R 1 )2-, - C(R 1 )=C(R 1 )- or an ortho-linked phenylene group, which may be substituted with one or more residues R other than H; W astands for a group –C(R a )2-, or an ortho-linked aromatic 15 or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 60, preferably 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted with one or more R substituents other than H; W b stands for a group –C(R b )2-, or an ortho-linked aromatic 20 or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 60, preferably 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted with one or more residues R other than H; R a In each occurrence, the alkyl group is either the same or different: a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 20 carbon atoms, each linked to one or more R groups. 1 can be substituted in a way that is not equal to H, whereby two residues R can be used. a together or a remainder R a with a remainder R b form a ring; 30 Rb In each occurrence, the alkyl group is either the same or different: a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 20 carbon atoms, each linked to one or more 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 R groups 1 can be substituted in a way that is not equal to H, whereby two residues R can be used. b together or a remainder R b with a remainder R a form a ring; R c is a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 20 carbon atoms, each of which may be substituted with one or more R groups other than H, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 60, preferably 6 to 40, aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted with one or more R groups other than H, wherein one R group may bec with a remainder R d forming a ring, or a straight-chain alkoxy group with 1 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a branched or cyclic alkoxy group with 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 20 carbon atoms, which may be substituted with one or more R groups other than H, or an aryloxy group with 6 to 60, preferably 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted with one or more R groups other than H, wherein the oxygen atom of the alkoxy group or the aryloxy group bonds to group M and the alkoxy group or the aryloxy group bonds to group R d forms a ring; 20 R dis a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 20 carbon atoms, each of which may be substituted with one or more R groups other than H, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 60, preferably 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted with one or more R groups other than H, wherein one R group may d with a remainder R ca ring, or a straight-chain alkoxy group with 1 to 40 C atoms, preferably 1 to 20 C atoms, 30 a branched or cyclic alkoxy group with 3 to 40 C atoms, preferably 3 to 20 C atoms, which may be substituted with one or more R groups other than H, or an aryloxy group, with 6 to 60, preferably 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted with one or more R groups other than H, wherein the 35 oxygen atom of the alkoxy group or the aryloxy group bonds to the group Foreignfiling_text P24-094 M and the alkoxy group or the aryloxy group with the group R c forms a ring; R is the same or different in each occurrence H, D, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, C(Ar')3, C(R 1 )3, Si(Ar')3, Si(R 1 )3, Ge(Ar')3, Ge(R 1 )3, C(=O)Ar', C(=O)R 1 , 5 S(=O)Ar', S(=O)R 1 , S(=O)2Ar', S(=O)2R 1 , OSO2Ar', OSO2R 1, a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group with 1 to 40 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl or alkynyl group with 2 to 40 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group with 3 to 20 carbon atoms, wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, alkenyl or alkynyl group is each linked to one or more R groups 1 can be substituted with something other than H, where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are replaced by R 1 C=CR 1 , C≡C, Si(R 1 )2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, -C(=O)O-, -O- , -S-, SO or SO2 may be replaced, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, 15 each of which is replaced by one or more R groups 1 may be substituted, or an aryloxy or heteroaryloxy group with 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, separated by one or more R groups 1can be substituted, whereby two residues R can also be substituted with each other or one residue R with another group, in particular a residue R b form a ring system 20; Ar' is the same or different in each occurrence, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is coupled with one or more R substituents 1 can be substituted with non-H, 25 where two Ar' residues bonding to the same C atom or Si atom can also be connected by a single bond or a bridge selected from C(R 1 )2, Si(R 1 )2, C=O, C=C(R 1 )2, O, S, S=O and SO2, be bridged together; 30 R 1 is the same or different in each occurrence H, D, F, Cl, Br, I, C(=O)Ar'', C(=O)R 2 , C(Ar'')3, C(R 2 )3, Si(Ar'')3, Si(R 2 )3, Ge(Ar'')3, Ge(R 2)3, a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group with 1 to 40 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group with 3 to 40 C atoms or an alkenyl group with 2 to 35 to 40 C atoms, each coupled to one or more R groups 2 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 can be substituted, where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are replaced by -R 2 C=CR 2 -, -C≡C-, Si(R 2 )2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, -C(=O)O-, - O-, -S-, SO or SO2 can be replaced and wherein one or more H atoms can be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br or I, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 60, 5 preferably 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, each of which is replaced by one or more R groups 2 can be substituted, whereby two or more, preferably adjacent residues R 1 together they form a ring system, whereby one or more residues R can be 1with another part of the compound to form a ring system; 10 Ar'' is, in each occurrence, the same or different aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, which is coupled with one or more R groups. 2 can be substituted, whereby two Ar'' residues, which bond to the same C atom or Si atom, can also be connected by a single bond or a bridge, selected from C(R 2 )2, Si(R 2 )2, C=O, C=C(R 2 )2, O, S, S=O and SO2, be bridged together; R 2is selected in each occurrence, either the same or different, from the group consisting of H, D, F, an aliphatic hydrogen carbonate residue with 1 to 20 C atoms, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br or I, and which may be substituted by one or more alkyl groups, each with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, wherein two or more, preferably adjacent, substituents R 2 together form a ring system; where in the case that W a for a group –C(R a )2- and W b for a group – 30 C(R b )2- stand, the two groups R a and R b each form a ring or at least one of the groups R a with at least one of the groups R b forms a ring, and in the event that W a for a group –C(R a )2- and W bfor an ortho-linked aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 60, preferably 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, the two group R a 35 form a ring, Foreignfiling_text P24-094 wherein the compound has no nitrogen, boron or phosphorus atoms, excluding the following compounds: Foreignfiling_text P24-094 The compounds listed above, which are excluded from the scope of protection, are known from the following prior art: W. Hahn, Makromolekulare Chemie (1953), 11, 51; A. Ekouya et al., Journal of Chemical Research, Synopses (1978), (8), 296; FR1543493; R. Calas, Compt. rend. 5 (1959), 249, 1011; R. Müller et al., Chemische Berichte (1962), 95, 2276; N. Radulovic et al., Journal of Natural Products (2019), 82(7), 1874; M. Sander et al., European Journal of Organic Chemistry (2001), (2), 399; S. Pastor et al., Journal of Organic Chemistry (1984), 49(7), 1297 and A. E. Wetherby et al., Inorganica Chimica Acta (2010), 364(1), 89. 10 It should be noted that the aforementioned compounds were not proposed for use in electronic devices, so electronic devices incorporating these compounds are novel and inventive.15 An aryl group according to this invention contains 6 to 40 carbon atoms; a heteroaryl group according to this invention contains 3 to 40 carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom, provided that the sum of carbon atoms and heteroatoms is at least 5. The heteroatoms are preferably 20 selected from oxygen and / or sulfur. An aryl group or heteroaryl group is understood to be either a simple aromatic cycle, i.e., benzene, or a simple heteroaromatic cycle, for example, furan, thiophene, etc., or a fused (fused) aryl or heteroaryl group, for example, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, etc., 25. Aromatics linked together by single bonds, such as biphenyl, are not referred to as aryl or heteroaryl groups, but as aromatic ring systems.An aromatic ring system according to this invention contains 6 to 60 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 40 carbon atoms. A heteroaromatic ring system according to this invention contains 3 to 60 carbon atoms, and at least one heteroatom, provided that the sum of the carbon atoms and heteroatoms is at least 5. The heteroatoms are preferably selected from oxygen and / or sulfur. An aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system according to this invention is understood to be a system that does not necessarily contain only aryl or heteroaryl groups, but in which several aryl or heteroaryl groups may also be linked by a non-aromatic unit, such as a carbon, sulfur, or oxygen atom. This includes systems such as fluorene, 9,9'-spirobifluorene, 9,9-diarylfluorene, diaryl ether, stilbene, etc.These are understood to be 5 aromatic ring systems within the meaning of this invention, and likewise systems in which two or more aryl groups are connected, for example, by a short alkyl group. Preferably, the aromatic ring system is selected from fluorene, 9,9'-spirobifluorene, 9,9-diarylamine, or groups in which two or more aryl and / or heteroaryl groups are linked to one another by 10 single bonds. Within the scope of the present invention, an aliphatic hydrocarbon residue or an alkyl group oran alkenyl or alkynyl group, which may contain 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and in which individual hydrogen atoms or CH2 groups may also be substituted by the groups mentioned above, preferably the residues methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, 2-methylbutyl, n-pentyl, s-pentyl, neo-pentyl, cyclopentyl, n-hexyl, neo-hexyl, cyclohexyl, n-heptyl, cycloheptyl, n-octyl, cyclooctyl, 2-ethylhexyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, 20-pentenyl, cyclopentenyl, hexenyl, cyclohexenyl, heptenyl, Cycloheptenyl, octenyl, cyclooctenyl, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, heptynyl or octynyl are understood.Unter einer Alkoxygruppe mit 1 bis 40 C-Atomen werden bevorzugt Methoxy, Trifluormethoxy, Ethoxy, n-Propoxy, i-Propoxy, n-Butoxy, i-Butoxy, s-Butoxy, t-Butoxy, n-Pentoxy, s-Pentoxy, 2-Methylbutoxy, n-Hexoxy, 25 Cyclohexyloxy, n-Heptoxy, Cycloheptyloxy, n-Octyloxy, Cyclooctyloxy, 2- Ethylhexyloxy, Pentafluorethoxy und 2,2,2-Trifluorethoxy verstanden.Unter einer Thioalkylgruppe mit 1 bis 40 C-Atomen werden insbesondere Methylthio, Ethylthio, n-Propylthio, i-Propylthio, n-Butylthio, i-Butylthio, s-Butylthio, t-Butylthio, n-Pentylthio, s-Pentylthio, n-Hexylthio, Cyclohexylthio, n-Heptylthio, 30 Cycloheptylthio, n-Octylthio, Cyclooctylthio, 2-Ethylhexylthio, Trifluormethylthio, Pentafluorethylthio, 2,2,2-Trifluorethylthio, Ethenylthio, Propenylthio, Butenylthio, Pentenylthio, Cyclopentenylthio, Hexenylthio, Cyclohexenylthio, Heptenylthio, Cycloheptenylthio, Octenylthio, Cyclooctenylthio, Ethinylthio, Propinylthio, Butinylthio, Pentinylthio, Hexinylthio, Heptinylthio oder Octinylthio verstanden.35 In general, alkyl, alkoxy, or thioalkyl groups according to the present invention (P24-094) can be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups can be replaced by the groups mentioned above; furthermore, one or more H atoms can also be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, or I, preferably F or Cl, more preferably F. 5 An aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5–60 or 5–40 aromatic ring atoms, respectively, which can each be further substituted with the aforementioned substituents and which is connected via any positions on the aromatic ring orHeteroaromatics can be linked together, in particular groups derived from benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, benzanthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene, perylene, fluoranthene, naphthacene, pentacene, benzopyrene, biphenyl, biphenylene, terphenyl, triphenylene, fluorene, spirobifluorene, dihydrophenanthrene, dihydropyrene, tetrahydropyrene, truxene, isotruxene, spirotruxene, spiroisotruxene, furan, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, dibenzofuran, thiophene, benzothiophene, isobenzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, or dibenzothiophene, or groups derived from combinations of these systems. The phrase "two or more residues can form a ring" in the context of this description means, among other things, that the two residues are linked to each other by a chemical bond with the formal elimination of two hydrogen atoms. This is illustrated by the following diagram. 25. 30 Furthermore, the above formulation should also be understood to mean that if one of the two residues represents hydrogen, the second residue binds to the position to which the hydrogen atom was bonded, forming a ring. This is illustrated by the following scheme: 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 Preferably, the compound may be provided that it does not contain any of the following groups: OSO2Ar', OSO2R 1 , , -S-, SO or SO2. 10 Furthermore, it may be provided that the compound has exactly one Si atom or exactly one Ge atom and exactly two, three or four oxygen atoms, or that the compound has exactly two Si atoms, exactly two Ge atoms, or exactly one Si atom and exactly one Ge atom and exactly four, five, six, seven or eight oxygen atoms. 15 In a preferred embodiment, the compounds according to the invention preferably correspond to at least one of the following formulas (II) to (IV), 20 25 30 35 Formula (IV) Foreignfiling_text P24-094 where the symbols R, R a , R b , R c , R d , V and M have the meanings mentioned above, in particular for formula (I). In a further preferred embodiment, it may be provided that the 5 compound corresponds to at least one of the following formulas (II-1) to (IV-2), 10 15 20 25 30 35 Formula (III-2) Formula (III-3) Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 where the symbols R, R 1 , R a , R b , R c , R d and M have the meanings mentioned above, in particular for formula (I). 15 In a further preferred embodiment, it may be provided that the compound corresponds to one of the following formulas (II-1a) to (IV-2a), 20 25 30 Formula (II-4a) Formula (II-1b) Formula (II-2b) 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 Formula (IV-1a) Formula (IV-2a) where the symbols R, R 1 , R a , R b , R c , R d 30 and M have the meanings mentioned above, in particular for formula (I), and for the further symbols: A represents a mono- or polycyclic cycloalkyl group with 5 to 40 C atoms, preferably 5 to 20 C atoms, which is separated by two R groups a and carbon dioxide a35 ffatom is formed, to which the two R groups bind; Foreignfiling_text P24-094 B represents a mono- or polycyclic cycloalkyl group with 5 to 40 C atoms, preferably 5 to 20 C atoms, which is formed by two R groups b and is formed from the carbon atom, to which the two R groups are attached. b bind; Y represents a straight-chain alkylene group with 3 to 15 C atoms, preferably 5 to 3 to 10 C atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkylene group with 4 to 40 C atoms, preferably 4 to 20 C atoms, each linked to one or more R groups 1 can be substituted with something other than H and which is replaced by a residue R a and a remainder R b is formed; and 10Z is, in each occurrence, independent of C, Si, or Ge, preferably C or Si, and particularly preferably C. The rings A and / or B are separated by residues R. a and / or R b formed such that these rings are formed by substituents R 1can be substituted with other than H. 15 In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it can be provided that the group W a and / or W b form a ring of formulas (RC-1) to (RC-14) containing two residues R a and / or R b together with the C atom to which the two R groups are attached a and / or R b bind, form a ring of formulas (RC-1) to (RC-20 14), or the ring A and / or B is chosen from structures of formulas (RC-1) to (RC-14) 25 30 Formula (RC-1) Formula (RC-2) Formula (RC-3) 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 Formula (RC-7) Formula (RC-8) Formula (RC-9) 20 25 30 Formula (RC-13) Formula (RC-14) where R 1the meaning previously set out, in particular for formula (I), the 35 dashed bonds represent the bonding sites to the oxygen atom and the respective group, and the other symbols have the following meaning: r is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, preferably 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, particularly preferably 0, 1 or 2; s is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, preferably 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, particularly preferably 0, 1 or 2; t is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, preferably 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, particularly preferably 0, 1 or 2; v is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12, preferably 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, particularly preferably 0, 1 or 2; z is, in each occurrence, the same or different from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 or 16, preferably 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, particularly preferably 0, 1 or 2. Structures of formulas (RC-1), (RC-2), (RC-6), (RC-7), (RC-10) and (RC-11) are preferred.Furthermore, it may be provided that a remainder R. a and a remainder R b form a ring and together form a group of the formula -(CR 1 2) m - represent and / or the group Y in formulas (II-1b) to (II.4b) a group of the formula -(CR 1 2) m - represents, 20 where m is an integer in the range of 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 5, particularly preferably 1 to 4 and R 1 which has the meaning mentioned in claim 1. Preferably, a residue R represents a and a remainder R b same or different, a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 20 carbon atoms, which is linked to one or more R groups 1 This can be represented as a non-H substitute. In a further preferred embodiment, it can be provided that the residues R c and R dtogether form a group of formula (Cy-1), (Cy-2) or (Cy-3) 30, 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 (Cy-1) (Cy-2) (Cy-3) where the dashed bonds represent the attachment sites to the residue M, R and R 1 the meaning mentioned above, especially for formula (I), and which applies to the other symbols: 10 V 1 stands for a bond, a straight-chain alkylene group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkylene group with 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 20 carbon atoms, each linked to one or more R groups 1 can be non-H substituted or an ortho-linked aromatic or 15 heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 60, preferably 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, coupled with one or more R groups 1 can be substituted in a way other than H, preferably V stands for a bond, a group -C(R 1 )2-, -C(R 1 )2-C(R 1)2-, -C(R 1 )2-C(R 1 )2-C(R 1 )2-, -C(R 1 )=C(R 1 )- or an ortho-linked phenylene group that is linked to one or more residues 20 R 1 can be substituted with something other than H; W c stands for a group –C(R e )2-, or an ortho-linked aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 60, preferably 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted with one or more R substituents other than 25H; W d stands for a group –C(R f )2-, or an ortho-linked aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 60, preferably 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted with one or more residues R other than 30 H; R eis the same or different in each occurrence H, D, a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 40 C atoms, preferably 1 to 20 C atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 40 C atoms, 35 preferably 3 to 20 C atoms, which is linked to one or more R groups 1 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 can be substituted with H, where two residues R can be used. e together or a remainder R e with a remainder R f form a ring, where in the case that a group R e For H or D stands, the group W c preferably binds directly to M; 5 R f H, D, a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 20 carbon atoms, which is linked to one or more R groups, is the same or different in each occurrence. 1 can be substituted in a way that is not equal to H, whereby two residues R can be used. ftogether 10 or a remainder R f with a remainder R e form a ring, where in the case that a group R f For H or D stands, the group W d preferably binds directly to M. In a further preferred embodiment, the compound may correspond to one of the following formulas (V) to (X), 20 25 30 35 Formula (VIII) Formula (IX) Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 where the symbols R, R a , R b , V and M have the meanings mentioned above, especially for formula (I), the symbols V 1 , W c and W d the meanings mentioned above, in particular for formulas (Cy-1) to (Cy-3). In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it may be provided 15 that the compound corresponds to one of the following formulas (V-1) to (VII-4), 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 Formula (VII-1) Formula (VII-2) 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 Formula (VII-3) Formula (VII-4) where the symbols R 1 , R, R a , R b and M have the meanings mentioned above, especially for formula (I), the symbols V 1 , W c and W d the meanings mentioned above, in particular for formulas (Cy-1) to (Cy-3). 15 In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the residues R preferably form c and R d together form a group of formulas (CyC-1) to (CyC-9) and / or the residues V 1 , W c and W d preferably form together with the oxygen atoms to which the W c and W d bind if necessary, a group of the 20 formulas (CyC-1) to (CyC-9) 25 (CyC-1) (CyC-2) (CyC-3) 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 (CyC-7) (CyC-8) (CyC-9) where the dashed bonds represent the attachment points to the residue M 25, the symbols R and R 1 the meanings previously set out, in particular for formula (I), and the symbols R e and R f the meaning mentioned above, especially for formulas (Cy-1) to (Cy-3). The compounds most preferably correspond to one of the following 30 formulas (VIII-1) to (IX-4), 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Formula (VIII-7) Formula (VIII-8) Formula (VIII-9) Foreignfiling_text P24-094 - 25 - 5 10 15 20 25 30 Formula (VIII-15) Formula (VIII-16) Formula (VIII-17) 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 - 26 - 5 10 15 20 25 30 where the symbols R, R 1 , R a , R b and M have the meanings mentioned above, especially for formula (I), and the symbols R e and R fwhich have the meaning mentioned above, especially for formulas (Cy-1) to (Cy-3). 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 Furthermore, it may be provided that at least one remainder R c , R d and / or R is selected as the same or different at each occurrence from phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, fluorene, spirobifluorene, naphthalene, benzofuran, benzothiophene, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, phenanthrene or triphenylene, each with one or more residues R or R' respectively 1 can be substituted with non-5 H. Preferably, it can be provided that a substituent R bonded to an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system, which is in the ortho position to an oxygen atom bonded to a residue M, forms a group Z(R). 1 ) 3 10 represents, where R 1the meaning previously explained, particularly for formula (I), and Z is selected from C, Si, or Ge, preferably C or Si, and particularly preferably C. Particularly preferably, in formulas (III) and (IV), the group R or the groups that are in the ortho position to an oxygen atom bonded to the residue M can be a group Z(R). 1 ) 3 15, where the symbols have the meanings set forth above. In formulas (III-1a) to (IV-2a), these preferences are explicitly shown, and this preference also applies accordingly to preferred embodiments of the compounds of formulas (III) and (IV). 20 Furthermore, it may be provided that at least one residue R is selected, either the same or different in each occurrence, from the group consisting of H, D, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, which is coupled with one or more residues R 1may be substituted, preferably at least one substituent R being the same or different at each occurrence is selected from the group consisting of an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, which is coupled with one or more substituents R 1 may be substituted. 30 Furthermore, it may be provided that the substituents R and R' 1 according to the formulas above with the ring atoms of the ring system to which the substituents R and R are attached 1 Binding does not form a condensed aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system. This excludes the formation of a condensed aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with possible substituents R. 1 and R 2 35, which are attached to the substituents R and R 1 can be bound. Foreignfiling_text P24-094 If the compound according to the invention has aromatic or heteroaromatic groups R, R 1 or R 2In one embodiment, it is preferred that the substituted group does not have any aryl or heteroaryl groups with more than two directly fused aromatic six-membered rings. Particularly preferred are the substituents not having any aryl or heteroaryl groups with directly fused six-membered rings at all. This preference is due to the low triplet energy of such structures. Condensed aryl groups with more than two directly fused aromatic six-membered rings that are nevertheless suitable according to the invention are phenanthrene and triphenylene, since these also exhibit a high triplet energy. Furthermore, it can be provided that the R, R group is 1 or R 2no aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system comprising three linearly fused aromatic rings, wherein preferably none of the R groups comprises an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system comprising three linearly fused aromatic rings. Furthermore, it may be provided that the substituents R and R' 1 According to the above 20 formulas, the ring atoms of the ring system do not form a condensed aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system, preferably not a condensed ring system. This excludes the formation of a condensed ring system with possible substituents R. 1 and R 2 one that is attached to the remains R, R 1 can be bound. 25 If two residues, which in particular can be selected from R, R 1 and / or R 2When substituents form a ring system, it can be monocyclic or polycyclic, aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic. The substituents forming the ring system can be adjacent, i.e., bonded to the same carbon atom or to carbon atoms directly bonded to each other, or they can be further apart. Furthermore, the substituents with R, R' can be... 1 and / or R 2 The ring systems provided with R can also be connected to each other via a bond, so that a ring closure can be effected. 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 If two residues R a together or two R b When these components form a ring, it can be monocyclic or polycyclic, in particular bicyclic, tricyclic, tetracyclic, or pentacyclic. If a residue R a and a remainder R bWhen they form a ring, it can be mono- or polycyclic, in particular bicyclic, tricyclic, tetracyclic, or pentacyclic. If a residue R c and a remainder R d If two residues R together form a ring, this ring can be mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic. e together or two R f When they form a ring together, it can be monocyclic or polycyclic, in particular bicyclic, tricyclic, tetracyclic, or pentacyclic. 15 If a residue R e and a remainder R fforming a ring, this ring can be mono- or polycyclic, in particular bicyclic, tricyclic, tetracyclic, or pentacyclic. 20 Furthermore, it can be provided that at least one residue R is selected, either the same or different in each occurrence, from the group consisting of an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system selected from the groups of the following formulas Ar-1 to Ar-41, and / or the group Ar' is selected, either the same or different in each occurrence, from the groups of the following formulas Ar-1 to Ar-41. 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 A r-23 Ar-24 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 where R 1 the above-mentioned meanings, the dashed bond 25 represents the bond to the corresponding group and the following also applies: Ar 1In each occurrence, it is the same or different: a bivalent aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, each with one or more R groups. 1 30 can be substituted; A is the same or different in each occurrence C(R) 1 )2, O or S; 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 p is 0 or 1, where p = 0 means that the group Ar 1 is not present and that the corresponding aromatic or heteroaromatic group is directly bonded to the corresponding residue; q is 0 or 1, where q = 0 means that no group A 5 is bonded at this position and instead residues R are bonded to the corresponding carbon atoms. 1are bound. The structures of formulas (Ar-1) to (Ar-41) presented above represent preferred configurations of aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems 10, as defined, for example, for structures of formula (I), where in this case the substituents R 1 In formulas (Ar-1) to (Ar-41), R may be replaced by R, where R has the meaning previously explained, particularly for formula (I). Furthermore, some of the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems are ortho-linked and in this case include an additional linkage site in the ortho position, where, in formulas (Ar-1) to (Ar-41), a residue R is represented. 1 can represent a binding site. Furthermore, it can be provided that at least one residue R c and / or R d is chosen from structures of the groups shown in formulas (Ar-1) to (Ar-41), where 20 are the substituents R shown in formulas (Ar-1) to (Ar-41). 1to be replaced by R. Structures of formulas (Ar-1), (Ar-2), (Ar-3), (Ar-4) are preferred. 25 If the above-mentioned groups for structures of formulas (Ar-1) to (Ar-4) have several groups A, then all combinations from the definition of A are possible. If A for C(R 1 )2 stands, the substituents R 1 , which are bonded to this carbon atom, preferably the same or different in each occurrence for a linear alkyl group with 1 to 10 C atoms or for a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 10 C atoms or for an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, which may also be further divided by one or more R groups 2 It can be substituted. Especially 35 is preferred. R 1 for a methyl group or for a phenyl group. Foreignfiling_text P24-094, the R groups can be 1They can also form a ring system together, resulting in a spiro system. Preferably, it can be provided that at least one of the remainder R c and / or R d , preferably both remainder R c and R d 5. The group selected from each occurrence is a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 25 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 18 carbon atoms, each of which may be substituted with one or more R groups other than H. 10. Furthermore, it may be provided that the two R groups c and R d do not form a ring. Preferably, it can be provided that the groups R bound to group M c and R d are the same or the groups bound to group M 15 R c and R dform a ring. Preferred substituents R are described below. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, R is either the same or different at each occurrence, selected from the group consisting of H, D, F, Si(R). 1 )3, a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 20 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 20 C atoms, wherein the alkyl group is in each case linked to one or more R groups 1 may be substituted, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, preferably with 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, each of which is separated by one or more R groups 1in a further preferred embodiment of the invention, substituent R is selected, either the same or different at each occurrence, from the group 30 consisting of H, D, F, a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 20 C atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 20 C atoms, wherein the alkyl group is in each case linked to one or more R groups. 1 may be substituted, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, preferably with 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, 35 each of which is separated by one or more R groups 1 may be substituted. Foreignfiling_text P24-094 Furthermore, it may be provided that at least one residue R, preferably a substituent R, is selected in the same or different ways at each occurrence from the group consisting of H, D, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, which is coupled with one or more residues R1 The substituent R can be substituted. The substituent R is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of H, D, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, preferably with 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, and particularly preferably with 6 to 10 aromatic ring atoms, each of which is substituted with one or more substituents R. 1 may be substituted. Furthermore, it may be provided that at least one residue R represents an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 13 aromatic ring atoms 15, which is coupled to one or more residues R 1may be substituted. Preferably, at least one residue, preferably one substituent R, may be selected from phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, fluorene, spirobifluorene, naphthalene, benzofuran, benzothiophene, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, phenanthrene, or triphenylene, each with one or more residues R. 1 They can be substituted. Here, the term substituent means in particular that R is not equal to H₂₅. Furthermore, the substituents R can be the same or different if two or more substituents are present that are selected from the aforementioned aromatic or heteroaromatic groups. It can also be provided that the groups R bonded to a carbon atom a 30 are equal. Furthermore, it can be provided that the groups bonded to a C atom R bare the same. 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 In a particularly preferred embodiment, it can be provided that the two residues R bonded to a C atom a form the same structure as the residues R b This creates a symmetry in group V. Preferably, it can be provided that the groups R c and R d The selected 5 are straight-chain alkyl groups with 1 to 10 carbon atoms or branched or cyclic alkyl groups with 3 to 10 carbon atoms, each of which may be substituted with one or more R groups, preferably deuterated, wherein the R groups bonded to a carbon atom may c and R d together form a ring system. 10 Furthermore, it may preferably be provided that the group R c and the group R d for methyl, ethyl, propyl or phenyl, or two groups R c and R d, which bind to group M, form a cycloalkyl group with 5 or 6, preferably 5, carbon atoms, wherein these groups may be deuterated. 15 Preferably, the groups R c and R d unsubstituted, apart from D. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, R e , R f same or different at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 20 carbon atoms, wherein the alkyl group is in each case linked to one or more R groups 1 can be substituted. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, R e , R fsame or different at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of 25 a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 10 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 10 C atoms, wherein the alkyl group is in each case linked to one or more R groups 1 It can be substituted. R is particularly preferred. e , R f same or different at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 5 C atoms 30 or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 5 C atoms, wherein the alkyl group is in each case linked to one or more R groups 1 can be substituted. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, R e , R fIn each case, 35 occur in the same or different ways, selected from the group consisting of a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 6 C atoms or a cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 6 C atoms, wherein the alkyl group is in each case linked to one or more R groups. 1 can be substituted; in this case, two residues R can be involved. e , R f also form a ring system with each other. 5 Preferred aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems for groups W a , W b , W c or W d or the substituents R, R c , R dor Ar', are selected from phenyl, biphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta- or para-biphenyl, terphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta-, para- or branched terphenyl, quaterphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta-, para- or branched quaterphenyl, fluorene, which may be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, spirobifluorene, which may be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, naphthalene, in particular 1- or 2-linked naphthalene, benzofuran, benzothiophene, dibenzofuran, which may be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, dibenzothiophene, which may be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, anthracene, pyrene, perylene, chrysene, phenanthrene or triphenylene, each with one or more residues R, R 1 or R 2They can be substituted. The structures Ar-1 to Ar-41 listed above are particularly preferred, with structures of formulas (Ar-1), (Ar-2), (Ar-3), (Ar-4) being preferred. Regarding the 20 structures Ar-1 to Ar-41, it should be noted that these can be formed with a substituent R. 1 are shown. In the case of groups W a , W b , W c or W d Are these substituents R 1 to be replaced by R, where R is a substituent 1 represents a bond, since the groups W a , W b , W c or W d ortho are linked. 25 In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, R 1 same or different at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of H, D, F, CN, a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 10 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 10 C atoms, wherein the alkyl group is in each case linked to one or more R groups 2may be substituted, 30 or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, each of which is separated by one or more R groups 2 can be substituted. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, R 1 same or different at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of H, a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 6 C atoms, 35 in particular with 1, 2, 3 or 4 C atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 6 C atoms, wherein the alkyl group is joined with one or more R groups 2 may be substituted, but is preferably unsubstituted, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 13 aromatic ring atoms, each separated by one or more R groups 5 may be substituted, but preferably is unsubstituted. 5 In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, R 2The alkyl group H, whether the same or different at each occurrence, comprises an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aryl group with 6 to 10 carbon atoms, which may be substituted with an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, but is preferably unsubstituted. In compounds according to the invention that are processed by vacuum evaporation, the alkyl groups preferably have no more than ten carbon atoms, particularly preferably no more than six carbon atoms, and most preferably no more than four carbon atoms. For compounds that are processed from solution, compounds substituted with alkyl groups, especially branched alkyl groups, with up to 10 carbon atoms, or substituted with oligoarylene groups, for example ortho-, meta-, para-, or branched terphenyl or quaterphenyl groups, are also suitable. Furthermore, it can be provided that the compounds comprise crosslinkable groups Q.A crosslinkable group Q, as defined in the present invention, is a functional group capable of undergoing a reaction to form an insoluble compound. This reaction can occur with another identical group Q, another different group Q, or any other part of the same or a different compound. The crosslinkable group is thus a reactive group. The reaction of the crosslinkable group results in a correspondingly crosslinked compound. The chemical reaction can also be carried out within the layer, forming an insoluble layer. Crosslinking can typically be accelerated by heat or by UV, microwave, X-ray, or electron radiation, optionally in the presence of an initiator."Insoluble" within the meaning of the present invention preferably means that, after the crosslinking reaction, i.e., after the reaction of the crosslinkable groups, the compound according to the invention has a solubility at room temperature in an organic solvent that is at least a factor of 3, preferably at least a factor of 10, lower than that of the corresponding, non-crosslinked compound according to the invention in the same organic solvent. The compound according to formula (I) or preferred embodiments of this formula may comprise one, two, three, or more crosslinkable groups Q, wherein the compound according to formula (I) or preferred embodiments of this formula preferably comprises two, three, or more crosslinkable groups Q. Preferred crosslinkable groups Q according to the invention are the following: a) Terminal or cyclic alkenyl or...Terminal dienyl and alkynyl groups: 15 Suitable units are those containing a terminal or cyclic double bond, a terminal dienyl group, or a terminal triple bond, in particular terminal or cyclic alkenyl, terminal dienyl, or terminal alkynyl groups with 2 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably with 2 to 10 carbon atoms, wherein individual CH2 groups 20 and / or individual hydrogen atoms may also be replaced by the aforementioned groups R. Furthermore, groups that can be considered precursors and that are capable of forming a double or triple bond in situ are also suitable. 25 b) Alkenyloxy, dienyloxy, or alkynyloxy groups: Alkenyloxy, dienyloxy, or alkynyloxy groups are also suitable, preferably alkenyloxy groups. c) Acrylic acid groups: 30 Acrylic acid units in the broadest sense are also suitable, preferably acrylic esters, acrylamides, methacryl esters and methacrylamides. C. is particularly preferred. 1-10-Alkyl acrylate and C 1-10-Alkyl methacrylate. 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 The crosslinking reaction of the groups mentioned above under a) to c) can proceed via a radical, a cationic, or anionic mechanism, but also via cycloaddition. It can be advantageous to add a suitable initiator for the crosslinking reaction. Suitable initiators for radical crosslinking are, for example, dibenzoyl peroxide, AIBN, or TEMPO. Suitable initiators for cationic crosslinking are, for example, AlCl3, BF3, triphenyl methyl perchlorate, or tropylium hexachloroantimonate. Suitable initiators for anionic crosslinking are bases, in particular butyllithium. 10 In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, however, the crosslinking is carried out without the addition of an initiator and is initiated exclusively thermally.This preference is justified by the fact that the absence of the initiator prevents impurities in the layer that could lead to a deterioration of the device properties. d) Oxetanes and oxiranes: Another suitable class of crosslinkable groups Q are oxetanes and oxiranes, which crosslink cationically by ring opening. It may be advantageous to add a suitable initiator for the crosslinking reaction. Suitable initiators include, for example, AlCl3, BF3, triphenylmethyl perchlorate, or tropylium hexachloroantimonate. Photoacids can also be added as initiators. e) Silanes: Silane groups SiR3 are also suitable as a class of crosslinkable groups, where at least two groups R, preferably all three groups R, represent Cl or an alkoxy group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms. This group reacts in the presence of water to form an oligo- or polysiloxane.f) Cyclobutane groups 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 The crosslinkable groups Q mentioned above under a) to f) are generally known to those skilled in the art, as are the suitable reaction conditions used to react these groups. Preferred crosslinkable groups Q include alkenyl groups of the following 5 formula Q1, dienyl groups of the following formula Q2, alkynyl groups of the following formula Q3, alkenyloxy groups of the following formula Q4, dienyloxy groups of the following formula Q5, alkynyloxy groups of the following formula Q6, acrylic acid groups of the following formulas Q7 and Q8, oxetane groups of the following formulas Q9 and Q10, oxirane groups of the following formula Q11, cyclobutane groups of the following formulas Q12, Q13 and Q14: 15 20 25 30. 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 The remains R 11 , R 12 , R 13 and R 14In formulas Q1 to Q8, Q11, Q13 and Q14, H, a straight-chain or branched alkyl group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, is present in each instance, whether identical or different. The R 11 , R 12 , R 13 and R 14 H, Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl, sec-Butyl or tert-Butyl and most preferably H 15 or Methyl. The indices used have the following meanings: m = 0 to 8; and n = 1 to 8. Ar 10 In the formula Q14, it can take on the same meanings as Ar. ‘in formula (I). 20 The dashed bonds in formulas Q1 to Q11 and Q14, as well as the dashed bonds in formulas Q12 and Q13, represent the attachment of the crosslinkable group to the repeating units. The crosslinkable groups of formulas Q1 to Q14 can be directly linked to the 25 repeating unit, or indirectly, via another mono- or polycyclic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system Ar 10 , as shown in the following formulas Q15 to Q28: 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 - 44 - 5 10 15 20 25 30 where Ar 10 in formulas Q15 to Q28, the same meanings can be assumed as Ar ‘ in formula (I). Particularly preferred meshable groups Q are the following: 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 - 46 - 5 10 15 20 The remains R 11 , R 12 ,R 13 and R 14In each occurrence, whether identical or different, the residues are H or a straight-chain or branched alkyl group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The residues R are particularly preferred. 11 , R 12 ,R 13 and R 14 Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl, and especially methyl. 25 The indices used have the following meanings: m = 0 to 8 and n = 1 to 8. Particularly preferred crosslinkable groups Q are the following: 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 When the compounds of formula (I) or the preferred embodiments are used as matrix material for a phosphorescent emitter or in a layer directly adjacent to a phosphorescent layer, it is further preferred that the compound does not contain any fused aryl or heteroaryl groups in which more than two six-membered rings are directly fused to one another. Phenanthrene and triphenylene are exceptions to this, as they may be preferred despite the presence of fused aromatic six-membered rings due to their high triplet energy. In one embodiment, it may be preferred that the compound does not comprise an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having three fused aromatic six-membered rings.10 In a further embodiment, the compound may comprise an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having three aromatic rings fused together. This applies in particular to its use in combination with or as a fluorescent emitter. 15 In a preferred embodiment, the compounds according to the invention have a high degree of deuteration. Preferably, the degree of deuteration may be at least 50%, preferably at least 80%, particularly preferably at least 90%, and most preferably at least 95%. The degree of deuteration is determined by the numerical ratio of deuterium to the sum of deuterium and [other components]. 1H-hydrogen (D / (D+H)*100). The compounds are particularly preferably fully deuterated. The ordinary refractive indices 25 of the compounds according to the invention, measured via ellisometry at 450 nm, are preferably less than 1.7, more preferably less than 1.6, particularly preferably less than 1.55, and especially preferably less than 1.45. Preferably, the compound 30 according to the invention may have a molecular weight of less than or equal to 5000 g / mol, more preferably less than or equal to 4000 g / mol, more preferably less than or equal to 3000 g / mol, especially preferably less than or equal to 2000 g / mol, more preferably less than or equal to 1500 g / mol, and most preferably less than or equal to 1000 g / mol. 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 - 50 - Furthermore, preferred compounds according to the invention are characterized by being sublimable. These compounds generally have a molar mass of less than approximately 1500 g / mol.Furthermore, it may be provided that the compound according to formula (I) or a preferred embodiment of these compounds is not in direct contact with a metal atom, and preferably does not constitute a ligand for a metal complex. The preferred embodiments mentioned above can be combined arbitrarily within the limitations defined in claim 1. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the above-mentioned preferences occur simultaneously. Examples of preferred compounds according to the embodiments listed above are the compounds listed in the following table. 20 25 30. 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 - 57 - 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 The basic structure of the compounds according to the invention can be represented according to the methods outlined in the following diagrams. The individual synthesis steps, such as coupling reactions leading to C-C and / or C-N linkages, are known in principle to those skilled in the art. These include, among others, reactions according to BUCHWALD, 5 SUZUKI, YAMAMOTO, STILLE, HECK, NEGISHI, SONOGASHIRA, and HIYAMA. Further information on the synthesis of the compounds according to the invention can be found in the synthesis examples. 10 The compounds according to the invention can be prepared starting from 1,2- / 1,3- / 1,4- / 1,5-diols of type a or b known from the literature by reaction with the electrophiles MCl4 or R, respectively. c R dMCl₂ can be prepared in the presence of a base in an inert, nonpolar aliphatic (alkanes, cycloalkanes) or aromatic (toluene, xylenes, mesitylene, anisole, etc.) or a dipolar aprotic solvent (ethers, such as diethyl ether, di-n-butyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, cyclic ethers such as THF or dioxane, amides such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrolodinonone, etc.). Tert-amines such as triethylamine or diisopropylmethylamine, etc., can be used as bases added to the reaction mixture. Alternatively, the diols can first be prepared in one of the above-mentioned solvents.Solvents (other than the amides) are presented and converted to the corresponding metal diolate with the aid of a reactive metal, preferably an alkali metal, particularly preferably sodium, an alkali metal hydride, preferably sodium hydride or an organolithium compound, preferably n-butyllithium or n-hexyllithium or a Grignard reagent, preferably methyllithium or 25 phenyllithium, which is then reacted with the electrophiles MCl4 or R. c R dThe reaction is carried out using MCl2. This method also allows for the targeted synthesis of mixed silicic acid esters 3ab (and germanium analogs) by reacting the diolates of type 30 a and b consecutively with the electrophile MCl4 in a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1:1. If desired, the intermediately formed silicic acid half-esters of the type (diol-a)SiCl2b or (diol-b)SiCl2 can be isolated. If 1,2-diolates (pinacolates) are reacted, they can be generated in a preliminary step from the corresponding ketones by the pinacol reaction 35 and subsequently reacted with the electrophiles MCl4b or (diol-b)SiCl2. c R d MCl2 is reacted such that the reaction sequence can be carried out as a multi-step one-pot reaction starting from the ketone reactants and yielding the products according to the invention. Scheme 1: 5 10 15 20 25 30 The meaning of the symbols used in the scheme set out above corresponds essentially to that defined for formula (I), with the exception that, for the sake of clarity, numbering and a complete representation of all symbols have been omitted, and preferred residues for the Ar group are shown. 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 In the scheme above, aromatic groups with substituents representing a preferred embodiment are shown in particular. The above descriptions are therefore specific and can be easily generalized by those skilled in the art. 5 Another object of the present invention is therefore a process for preparing a compound according to the invention, wherein a halogen-silicon compound or a halogen-germanium compound is reacted with a dihydroxy compound. 10 By this process, optionally followed by purification, such as, for example,Recrystallization or sublimation allows the compounds according to the invention to be obtained in high purity, preferably more than 99% (determined by means of. 11H-NMR and / or HPLC). 15 The compounds according to the invention can also be mixed with a polymer. It is also possible to covalently incorporate these compounds into a polymer. This is particularly possible with compounds substituted with reactive leaving groups, such as bromine, iodine, chlorine, boronic acid or 20 boronic acid esters, or with reactive, polymerizable groups, such as olefins or oxetanes. These can be used as monomers to produce corresponding oligomers, dendrimers or polymers. The oligomerization or polymerization preferably takes place via the halogen functionality or the boronic acid functionality or via the polymerizable 25 group. It is also possible to crosslink the polymers via such groups. The compounds and polymers according to the invention can be used as a crosslinked or uncrosslinked layer. A further object of the invention is therefore oligomers,Polymers or 30 dendrimers containing one or more of the structures of formula (I) and preferred embodiments of this formula listed above, or compounds according to the invention, wherein one or more bonds of the compounds according to the invention or of the structures of formula (I) and preferred embodiments of this formula are present with the polymer, oligomer, or 35 dendrimer. Depending on the linkage of the structures of formula (I) and preferred embodiments of this formula or of the compounds, these therefore form a side chain of the oligomer or polymer or are linked in the main chain. The polymers, oligomers, or dendrimers can be conjugated, partially conjugated, or non-conjugated. The oligomers or polymers can be linear, branched, or dendritic. The same preferences apply to the repeating units of the 5 compounds according to the invention in oligomers, dendrimers, and polymers.as described above. To produce the oligomers or polymers, the monomers according to the invention are homopolymerized or copolymerized with further monomers. Copolymers are preferred, wherein the units according to formula (I) or the previously and subsequently described preferred embodiments are present in amounts of 0.01 to 99.9 mol%, preferably 5 to 90 mol%, and particularly preferably 20 to 80 mol%. Suitable and preferred comonomers forming the polymer backbone are selected from fluorenes (e.g., according to EP 842208 15 or WO 2000 / 022026), spirobifluorenes (e.g., according to EP 707020, EP 894107 or WO 2006 / 061181), para-phenylenes (e.g., according to WO 92 / 18552), carbazoles (e.g., according to WO 2004 / 070772 or WO 2004 / 113468), thiophenes (e.g., according to EP 1028136), dihydrophenanthrenes (e.g., according to WO 2005 / 014689), cis- and trans-indenofluorenes (e.g., according to WO 2004 / 041901 20 or WO 2004 / 113412), ketones (e.g. according to WO 2005 / 040302),Phenanthrenes (e.g., according to WO 2005 / 104264 or WO 2007 / 017066) or several of these units. The polymers, oligomers, and dendrimers may contain further units, for example, hole transport units, particularly those based on triarylamines, and / or electron transport units. Of particular interest are also compounds according to the invention which are characterized by a high glass transition temperature. In this context, compounds according to formula (I) or according to the previously and subsequently described preferred embodiments are particularly preferred, which have a glass transition temperature of at least 70 °C, particularly preferably at least 110 °C, very preferably at least 125 °C, and particularly preferably at least 150 °C, as determined according to DIN 51005 (version 2005-08). For processing the compounds according to the invention from the liquid phase,Formulations of the compounds according to the invention are required, for example, by spin coating or by printing processes. These formulations can be, for example, solutions, dispersions, or emulsions. It may be preferred to use mixtures of two or five more solvents for this purpose. Suitable and preferred solvents include, for example, toluene, anisole, o-, m- or p-xylene, methyl benzoate, mesitylene, tetralin, veratrol, THF, methyl-THF, THP, chlorobenzene, dioxane, phenoxytoluene, in particular 3-phenoxytoluene, (-)-fenchone, 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylbenzothiazole, 2-10-phenoxyethanol, 2-pyrrolidinone, 3-methylanisole, 4-methylanisole, 3,4-dimethylanisole, 3,5-dimethylanisole, acetophenone, ^-terpineol, benzothiazole, butylbenzoate, cumene, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, cyclohexylbenzene, decalin. Dodecyl benzene, ethyl benzoate, indane, NMP, p-cymene, phenetol, 1,4-di-isopropylbenzene, dibenzyl ether,Diethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, triethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, tripropylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 2-isopropylnaphthalene, pentylbenzene, hexylbenzene, heptylbenzene, octylbenzene, 1,1-bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)ethane, 2-methylbiphenyl, 3-methylbiphenyl, 1-methylnaphthalene, 1-ethylnaphthalene, ethyl octanoate, sebacic acid diethyl ester, octyl octanoate, heptylbenzene, menthyl isovalerate, cyclohexylhexanoate, or mixtures of these solvents. A further object of the present invention is therefore a formulation or composition containing at least one compound according to formula (I) 25, 30, Formula (I) wherein the symbols have the aforementioned meanings, and at least one further compound. Formulations or compositions 35 containing oligomers, dendrimers or polymers of the present invention Foreignfiling_text P24-094 are included herein. The further compound may, for example, be a solvent, in particular one of the solvents mentioned above or a mixture of these solvents. If the further compound comprises a solvent, this mixture is referred to herein as a formulation.The further compound can also be at least one further organic or inorganic compound, 5 which is also used in the electronic device, for example, an electron transport material, a hole-conducting material, an emitting compound, and / or a matrix material, wherein a mixture of a compound according to formula (I) and an organic or inorganic compound, which is also used in the electronic device, 10 is referred to herein as a composition. A further object of the present invention is therefore a composition comprising at least one compound according to formula (I), 15. 20 Formula (I) wherein the symbols have the aforementioned meanings and at least one further compound selected from the group consisting of fluorescent emitters, phosphorescent emitters, emitters exhibiting TADF, host materials, electron transport materials, 25 electron injection materials, hole-conducting materials, hole-injection materials, electron-blocking materials and hole-blocking materials, preferably electron injection materials, electron transport materials, hole-injection materials or hole-conducting materials, particularly preferably electron transport materials or hole-conducting materials. 30 The compounds according to the invention can in particular be used to vary the refractive index of functional layers in an electronic device, preferably an electroluminescent device, as described in more detail below.This makes it very easy to adapt and match the refractive indices of different functional layers, thereby enabling an unexpected increase in the efficiency of these devices. Often the aim is to reduce the refractive index of the layers, so the compounds according to the invention preferably comprise cycloalkyl structures, since these generally lead to lower refractive indices than aromatic structures. Accordingly, compounds of the above formula (I) or preferred embodiments thereof are often preferred, in which group W. a for a group –C(R a )2- stands, the group W b for a group – C(R b )2- stands, the remains R c and / or R dThe compound may represent a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably. The compound according to the invention can be used in combination with fluorescent emitters, phosphorescent emitters, emitters exhibiting TADF, and / or host materials to modify their refractive index. Since the emission layer often already comprises at least two, three, or more components, and finding a power maximum is therefore complex, surprising advantages can arise from using the compounds according to the invention in an electron transport layer and / or a hole transport layer.It should be noted that the compounds described above and below, in combination with the compounds according to formula (I) and preferred embodiments of these compounds, such as hole-conducting materials and / or electron transport materials, often contain nitrogen atoms. Therefore, the definitions of heteroaryl groups and / or heteroaromatic ring systems given above must be extended to include compounds containing nitrogen, boron, or phosphorus atoms. This is often indicated herein by clarifying that the heteroaromatic ring systems may contain nitrogen atoms.Preferably, the proportion of compounds according to formula (I) or preferred embodiments of this formula in a composition is in the range of 5% to 90% by volume, particularly preferably in the range of 10% to 80% by volume, and especially preferably in the range of 30% to 70% by volume. Therefore, it is preferably provided that the composition comprises at least one compound according to formula (I) or preferred embodiments of this formula and at least one hole-carrying material. Compounds with hole-carrying properties, hereinafter also referred to as hole-carrying materials or hole-carrying materials, are capable of transporting holes, i.e., positive charges, which are generally injected from the anode or an adjacent layer, for example, a hole injection layer. A hole-carrying material generally has a high HOMO level, preferably at least -5.4 eV, as defined by quantum mechanical calculations. Depending on the design of an electronic device, a hole transport material can also be used as a hole injection material. Preferred compounds exhibiting hole injection and / or hole transport properties include, for example, triarylamine, benzidine, tetraaryl-para-phenylenediamine, triarylphosphine, phenothiazine, phenoxazine, dihydrophenazine, thianthrene, dibenzo-para-dioxine, phenoxathiine, carbazole, azulene, thiophene, pyrrole, and furan derivatives, and other O-, S-, or N-containing heterocycles with a high-lying HOMO (HOMO = highest occupied molecular orbital). Compounds exhibiting hole injection and / or hole transport properties are preferably selected from triarylamines, in particular mono-triarylamines and di-triarylamines, and carbazolamines.A mono-triarylamine is a compound containing a single amine group, wherein three groups, selected from aromatic and heteroaromatic ring systems, are bonded to the nitrogen atom of the amine group. A di-triarylamine is a compound comprising two and no further amine groups, wherein three groups, selected from aromatic and heteroaromatic ring systems, are bonded to each of the nitrogen atoms of the two amine groups. A carbazolamine is a compound containing a carbazole group and an amine group, wherein the amine group is preferably a triarylamine group. A triarylamine group is an amine group in which three groups, selected from aromatic and heteroaromatic ring systems, are bonded to the nitrogen atom of the amine group.5 In a preferred embodiment, the composition may include at least one hole conductor material selected from compounds of formulas (L-1) and / or (L-2) 10. 15 where the following applies to the symbols: Ar 15 In each occurrence, whether the same or different, it is selected from aromatic ring systems with 6 to 50 aromatic ring atoms, separated by 20 residues R. 15 which can be substituted with non-H atoms, and heteroaromatic ring systems which can contain N atoms, with 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms separated by R groups 15 can be substituted with something other than H; 25 Ar 16 In each occurrence, whether the same or different, it is selected from aromatic ring systems with 6 to 50 aromatic ring atoms, separated by R groups. 15 which can be substituted with non-H atoms, and heteroaromatic ring systems which can contain N atoms, with 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms separated by R groups 15can be substituted with H30; R 15 is chosen from H, D, F, C(=O)R for each occurrence, whether the same or different. 16 , CN, Si(R 16 )3, N(R 16 )2, P(=O)(R 16 )2, OR 16 , S(=O)R 16 , S(=O)2R 16 , straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy groups with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy groups with 3 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl or alkynyl groups with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, aromatic ring systems with 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, and heteroaromatic ring systems, which may contain nitrogen atoms, with 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms; wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkynyl groups and the aromatic and heteroaromatic ring systems are enclosed by R groups 16 can be substituted with non-H and where one or more CH2 groups in the alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkynyl groups can each be replaced by -R 16 C=CR 16- , -C≡C-, Si(R 16 )2, C=O, C=NR 16 , -C(=O)O-, -C(=O)NR 16 -, NR 16 , P(=O)(R 16 ), -O-, -S-, SO or SO2; wherein two or more, preferably adjacent residues R can be 15 together form a ring system; R 16 is chosen from H, D, F, C(=O)R for each occurrence, whether the same or different. 17 , CN, Si(R 17 )3, N(R 17 )2, P(=O)(R 17 )2, OR 17 , S(=O)R 17 , 15 S(=O)2R 17 , straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy groups with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy groups with 3 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl or alkynyl groups with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, aromatic ring systems with 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, and heteroaromatic ring systems, which may contain N atoms, with 20 to 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms; wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkynyl groups and the aromatic and heteroaromatic ring systems are encoded by R groups17 can be substituted with non-H and where one or more CH2 groups in the alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkynyl groups can each be replaced by -R 17 C=CR 17 - 25 , -C≡C-, Si(R 17 )2, C=O, C=NR 17 , -C(=O)O-, -C(=O)NR 17 -, NR 17 , P(=O)(R 17 ), -O-, -S-, SO or SO2; wherein two or more, preferably adjacent, residues R 16 together form a ring system; 30 R 17 is chosen in each occurrence, either the same or different, from H, D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, alkyl groups with 1 to 20 C atoms, aromatic ring systems with 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, and heteroaromatic ring systems, which may contain N atoms, with 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms; wherein the alkyl groups, the aromatic and the heteroaromatic ring systems may be substituted by residues F Foreignfiling_text P24-094 and CN, wherein two or more, preferably adjacent, residues R17 together form a ring system. Preferred groups Ar 15 are, identical or different at each occurrence, 5 selected from monovalent groups derived from benzene, biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluorene, in particular 9,9'-dimethylfluorene and 9,9'-diphenylfluorene, benzofluorene, spirobifluorene, indenofluorene, indenocarbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, benzocarbazole, carbazole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, indole, quinoline, pyridine, pyrimidine, 10 pyrazine, pyridazine and triazine, each of the groups with residues R 15 It can be substituted. Preferably the groups Ar 15the same or different at each occurrence chosen from monovalent groups representing combinations of 2 to 4 groups selected from benzene, biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluorene, 15 in particular 9,9'-dimethylfluorene and 9,9'-diphenylfluorene, benzofluorene, spirobifluorene, indenofluorene, indenocarbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, benzocarbazole, carbazole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, indole, quinoline, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine and triazine, each of the groups with R substituents 15 may be substituted. 20 Particularly preferred groups Ar 15are, the same or different at each occurrence, selected from monovalent groups derived from benzene, biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluorene, in particular 9,9'-dimethylfluorene and 9,9'-diphenylfluorene, benzofluorene, spirobifluorene, 25 indenofluorene, indenocarbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, carbazole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzo-condensed dibenzofuranyl, benzo-condensed dibenzothiophenyl, and phenyl, which is substituted with a group selected from naphthyl, phenanthrenyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, carbazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, and triazinyl 30, each of the above groups with R substituents 15 It may be substituted. Preferred groups Ar 16are, identical or different at each occurrence, selected from divalent groups derived from benzene, biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluorene, in particular 9,9'-dimethylfluorene and 9,9'-diphenylfluorene, benzofluorene, spirobifluorene, indenofluorene, indenocarbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, benzocarbazole, carbazole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, indole, quinoline, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine and triazine, each of the groups with R substituents 15 It can be substituted. Preferably the groups Ar 16same or 5 different at each occurrence chosen from monovalent groups representing combinations of 2 to 4 groups selected from benzene, biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluorene, in particular 9,9'-dimethylfluorene and 9,9'-diphenylfluorene, benzofluorene, spirobifluorene, indenofluorene, indenocarbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, 10-benzocarbazole, carbazole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, indole, quinoline, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine and triazine, each of the groups with R groups 15 It may be substituted. Particularly favored groups Ar 16are, the same or different at each occurrence, chosen from divalent groups consisting of benzene, biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluorene, in particular 9,9'-dimethylfluorene and 9,9'-diphenylfluorene, benzofluorene, spirobifluorene, indenofluorene, indenocarbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, carbazole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzo-condensed dibenzofuranyl and benzo-20-condensed dibenzothiophenyl, each of the above groups with R groups 15 It can be substituted. Preferably, R 15 Equal or different choices made from H, D, F, CN, Si(R) 16 )3-, N(R 16)2, straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy groups with 1 to 20 C atoms, 25 branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy groups with 3 to 20 C atoms, aromatic ring systems with 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms and heteroaromatic ring systems which may contain N atoms, with 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms; wherein the aforementioned alkyl and alkoxy groups and the aforementioned aromatic and heteroaromatic ring systems are entrained by residues 30 R 16 can be substituted with something other than H. Preferably, R 16 Equal or different choices made from H, D, F, CN, Si(R) 17 )3-, N(R 17)2, straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy groups with 1 to 20 C atoms, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy groups with 3 to 20 C atoms, 35 aromatic ring systems with 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms and Foreignfiling_text P24-094 heteroaromatic ring systems which may contain N atoms, with 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms; wherein the aforementioned alkyl and alkoxy groups and the aforementioned aromatic and heteroaromatic ring systems are enclosed by R groups 17 can be substituted with something other than H. 5 Preferably, R 17 The elements selected from H, D, F, CN, alkyl groups with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, aromatic ring systems with 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, and heteroaromatic ring systems, which may contain nitrogen atoms, with 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, are either the same or different in each occurrence. 10 Particularly preferred embodiments of the compounds of formula (L-1) correspond to the following formulas: 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 where the symbols Ar 15 and R 15 , which have the meanings previously mentioned especially for formula (L-1) and for the other symbols the following applies: Ar 17 is selected from aromatic ring systems with 6 to 13 aromatic ring atoms, separated by R groups 15 which may be substituted with non-H atoms, and heteroaromatic ring systems which may contain N atoms, with 5 to 13 aromatic ring atoms separated by R groups 15 can be substituted with H in a non-equal way; 25 X is chosen from a bond, O, S, NR, in each occurrence, whether the same or different. 15 and (C(R) 15 )2; Y 1 is chosen from O or S; 30 n is 0 or 1, where n = 0 means that the group with index n is not present and that the groups linked to the group with index n are directly related to each other, provided that n is not 0 in the case of formula (L-1-9). 35 The preferred group is Ar 17selected from divalent groups derived from benzene, biphenyl, naphthalene, fluorene, in particular 9,9'-dimethylfluorene and foreignfiling_text P24-094 9,9'-diphenylfluorene, each of the groups with R substituents 15 can be substituted. The compounds of formulas (L-1-2) and (L-1-3) are particularly preferred, with the compounds of the following formula (L-1-2-1) as embodiment 5 of formula (L-1-2) being especially preferred: 10 15 wherein the symbols and indices have the meanings set forth above and preferably correspond to the preferred embodiments mentioned above. 20 Particularly preferred embodiments of the compounds of formula (L-2) correspond to the following formulas (L-2-1) and / or (L-2-2) 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 where the symbols Ar 15 and R 15, which have the aforementioned meanings and preferably correspond to the preferred embodiments mentioned above, and for the further symbols: 5 Y 2 is chosen from a bond, O, S, NR, in every occurrence, whether the same or different. 15 and (C(R) 15 )2; k is 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 1 or 2; i is 1, 2 or 3, preferably 1 or 2, particularly preferably 1. Preferred specific compounds that can be used as hole conductor material according to the present invention are listed in Table 15 below: 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 Preferably, these arylamines and heterocycles, which are generally used as hole injection and / or hole transport materials, lead to a HOMO of more than -5.8 eV (compared to 10⁻¹⁰ vacuum levels), particularly preferably more than -5.5 eV, as defined by quantum mechanical calculations. In a further preferred embodiment, the composition may include at least one hole-conducting material selected from one of the following compounds: 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 - 78 - 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 - 79 - 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 - 80 - 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 - 81 - Ph Ph Ph Ph Ph Ph NNN 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 84 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 - 85 - 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 - 87 - 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 In a further preferred embodiment, the composition may include at least one hole conductor material selected from one of the following compounds: 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 - 93 - Foreignfiling_text P24-094 - 94 - 5 1 1 2 25 64 65 66 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 N N O 25 94 95 96 30 N 35 97 98 99 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 Preferably, the composition may further comprise at least one hole-conducting material and at least one compound according to formula (I) of 15, wherein the hole-conducting material and the compound according to formula (I) are sublimable and the difference in the sublimation temperature is at most 5°C, preferably at most 2°C, the sublimation temperature being determined, for example, by vacuum TGA measurement. This configuration provides easily and reliably sublimable compositions that can be used in a system for the particularly reliable production of very high-quality electronic devices. It is also possible that the hole transport layer and / or hole injection layer in the device contains a mixture of at least two hole transport materials, as described in WO 2014 / 044344 A1 or WO 2020 / 225071 A1.Another mixture is the following mixture 1, wherein the patent application discloses in parentheses below the respective compound a method 30 by which the compound can be prepared. The use of this mixture in hole transport layers and / or hole injection layers is not limited to devices such as those described herein. 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5. In mixture 1, compounds 1 and 2 can be mixed as follows: 10 The ratio of compound 1 and 2 can be between 5.95 and 95:5. Preferably, it is between 90:10 and 30:70, such as 80:20, 75:25, 70:30, 50:50, 40:60, or 30:70. Most preferably, it is between 80:20 and 60:40. Preferably, therefore, composition 15 can be provided to comprise at least one compound according to formula (I) or preferred embodiments of this formula and at least one electron transport material.Compounds exhibiting electron injection and / or electron transport properties, hereinafter referred to as electron transport materials, include, for example, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrazine, oxadiazole, quinoline, quinoxaline, anthracene, benzanthracene, pyrene, perylene, benzimidazole, triazine, ketone, phosphine oxide and phenazine derivatives, but also triarylboranes and other O-, S- or N-containing heterocycles with a low LUMO (LUMO = lowest unoccupied molecular orbital). Particularly suitable compounds for electron-transporting and electron-injecting layers are metal chelates of 8-hydroxyquinoline (e.g., LiQ, AlQ3, GaQ3, MgQ2, ZnQ2, InQ3, ZrQ4), BAlQ, Ga-oxinoid complexes, 4-aza-30-phenanthrene-5-ol-Be complexes (US 5529853 A, see formula ET-1), butadiene derivatives (US 4356429), heterocyclic optical brighteners (US 4539507), benzimidazole derivatives (US 2007 / 0273272 A1), such as TPBI (US 5766779, see formula ET-2), 1,3,5-triazines, etc.B. Spirobifluorene-triazine derivatives (e.g., according to DE 102008064200), pyrenes, anthracenes, tetracenes, fluorenes, 35 spirofluorenes, dendrimers, tetracenes (e.g., rubrene derivatives), 1,10- Foreignfiling_text P24-094 phenanthroline derivatives (JP 2003-115387, JP 2004-311184, JP-2001-267080, WO 2002 / 043449), sila-cyclopentadiene derivatives (EP 1480280, EP 1478032, EP 1469533), borane derivatives such as triarylborane derivatives with Si (US 2007 / 0087219 A1, see formula ET-3), pyridine derivatives (JP 2004-200162), phenanthrolines, especially 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives, such as BCP and Bphen, also several phenanthrolines linked via 5 biphenyl or other aromatic groups (US-2007-0252517 A1) or anthracene-linked phenanthrolines (US 2007-0122656 A1, see formulas ET-4 and ET-5). 10 15 20 25 30. Formula ET-5. Heterocyclic organic compounds such as thiopyran dioxides, oxazoles, triazoles, imidazoles, or oxadiazoles are also suitable. Examples of the use of five-membered rings with N such as oxazoles, preferably 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, which are set out, among others, in US 2007 / 0273272 A1; thiazoles, oxadiazoles, thiadiazoles, triazoles, etc., see US 2008 / 0102311 A1 and YA Levin, MS Skorobogatova, Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii 1967 (2), 339-341 silacyclopentadiene derivatives. 5. Organic compounds such as derivatives of fluorenone, fluorenylidenemethane, perylenetetracarbonic acid, anthraquinone dimethane, diphenoquinone, anthrone, and anthraquinone diethylenediamine can also be used. 2,9,10-substituted anthracenes (with 1- or 2-naphthyl and 4-, 10-, or 3-biphenyl) or molecules containing two anthracene units are preferred (US2008 / 0193796 A1, see formula ET-6).The combination of 9,10-substituted anthracene units with benzimidazole derivatives is also very advantageous (US 2006147747 A and EP 1551206 A1, see formulas ET-7 and ET-8). 15 20 25 30 35. Foreignfiling_text P24-094 Formula ET-8 In a preferred embodiment, the composition may comprise at least one electron transport material selected from compounds of formulas (E-1) to (E-4) 5 10 15 where the symbol R 15 , which has the meaning previously mentioned especially for formula (L-1) and for which the following applies: 20 Ar 18 is selected from aromatic ring systems with 6 to 50 aromatic ring atoms, separated by R groups 15 which can be substituted with non-H atoms, and heteroaromatic ring systems which can contain N atoms, with 5 to 50 aromatic ring atoms separated by R groups 15can be substituted with non-H. 25 Compounds according to formulas (E-1) to (E-3) are preferred. Particularly preferred embodiments of compounds that can be used as electron transport materials correspond to the following formulas (E-1-1) and / or (E-1-2). 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 where the symbols R 15 , which has the meaning previously mentioned in particular for formula (L-1) and preferably corresponds to the preferred embodiments mentioned above, and for the further symbols the following applies: Ar 19 is selected from aromatic ring systems with 6 to 20 aromatic ring atoms, separated by R groups 15 which can be substituted with non-H atoms, and heteroaromatic ring systems which can contain N atoms, with 5 to 20 aromatic ring atoms separated by R groups 15can be substituted with values ​​other than H; 20 m is 0 or 1, where m = 0 means that the group with index m does not exist and that the group (Ar) is not substitutable. 19 )m bonded groups are directly connected to each other. Preferred specific compounds that can be used as electron transport material 25 according to the present invention are listed in the following table: 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 Preferably, the compounds that can generate the electron injection and / or electron transport properties lead to a LUMO of less than -2.3 eV, preferably less than -2.5 eV (relative to vacuum level), and particularly preferably less than -2.7 eV, as defined by quantum mechanical calculations. It is further preferred that the composition comprises at least one electron transport material and at least one compound according to formula (I), wherein the electron transport material and the compound according to formula (I) are sublimable and the difference in the sublimation temperature is at most 5°C, preferably at most 2°C, wherein the sublimation temperature is determined, for example, by vacuum TGA measurement. Furthermore, the compositions according to the invention can comprise at least one hole blocking material (HBM).A hole-blocking material is a material which, in a multilayer composite, prevents or minimizes the transmission of holes (positive charges), particularly if this material is arranged in the form of a layer adjacent to an emission layer or a hole-conducting layer. Generally, a hole-blocking material has a lower HOMO level than the hole-conducting material in the adjacent layer. Hole-blocking layers are frequently arranged between the light-emitting layer and the electron transport layer in OLEDs. In principle, any known hole-blocking material can be used. In addition to other hole-blocking materials described elsewhere in this application, suitable hole-blocking materials include metal complexes (US 2003 / 0068528), such as bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato)(4-phenylphenolato)-aluminium(III) (BAlQ).Fac-30 tris(1-phenylpyrazolato-N,C2)iridium(III) (Ir(ppz)3) is also used for these purposes (US 2003 / 0175553 A1). Phenanthroline derivatives, such as BCP, or phthalimides, such as TMPP, can also be used. Further suitable hole-blocking materials are described in WO 00 / 70655 A2, WO 01 / 41512, and WO 01 / 93642 A1. Furthermore, the compositions according to the invention can comprise at least one electron-blocking material (EBM). An electron-blocking material is a material which, in a multilayer composite, prevents or minimizes the conduction of electrons, particularly if this material is arranged in the form of a layer adjacent to an emission layer or an electron-conducting layer. In general, an electron-blocking material has a higher LUMO level than 10⁻⁵ the electron-transporting material in the adjacent layer.In principle, any known electron-blocking material can be used. In addition to other electron-blocking materials described elsewhere in this application, suitable electron-blocking materials include transition metal complexes such as Ir(ppz)3 (US 2003 / 0175553). Preferably, the electron-blocking material can be selected from amines, triarylamines, and their derivatives. Organically functional materials, such as those described above and below, are often described by the properties of the frontier orbitals, which are explained in more detail below. The energy levels of molecular orbitals (highest occupied molecular orbital HOMO, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital LUMO, lowest triplet state T1, lowest excited singlet state S1) are determined by quantum mechanical calculations. The Gaussian16 (Rev. B.01) software package is used in all quantum chemical calculations.The neutral singlet ground state is optimized at the B3LYP / 6-31G(d) level. HOMO and LUMO values ​​are determined at the B3LYP / 6-31G(d) level for the ground state energy optimized with B3LYP / 6-31G(d). Subsequently, TD-DFT singlet and triplet excitations (vertical excitations) are calculated using the same method (B3LYP / 6-31G(d)) and the optimized ground state geometry. The default settings for SCF and gradient convergence are used. The HOMO and LUMO values ​​in eV derived from the quantum chemical calculations are additionally scaled by the following factors: HOMO_corr = 0.90603 * HOMO (in eV) – 0.84836 LUMO_corr = 0.99687 * LUMO (in eV) – 0.72445 These values ​​are to be regarded as the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the materials for the purposes of this application.The lowest triplet state T1 is defined as the energy of the lowest-energy triplet state resulting from the described quantum chemical calculation. The lowest excited singlet state S1 is defined as the energy of the lowest-energy excited singlet state resulting from the described quantum chemical calculation. Another aspect of the present invention is the use of a compound according to formula (I), 20. Formula (I) wherein the symbols have the aforementioned meanings, in an electronic device, in particular in an organic electroluminescent device. Oligomers, dendrimers, or polymers of the present invention may be used accordingly. Preferably, it may be provided that the compounds according to Formula (I) 30 are used in an electronic device for varying the refractive index. A further object of the present invention is an electronic device comprising at least one compound according to Formula (I) 35. Formula (I) wherein the symbols have the aforementioned meanings. Electronic devices containing oligomers, dendrimers, or polymers of the present invention are included. An electronic device within the meaning of the present invention is a device which contains at least one layer which contains at least one organic compound. The component may also contain inorganic materials or layers which are composed entirely of inorganic materials. Particularly preferred is an electronic device selected from the group consisting of organic electroluminescent devices (OLEDs, sOLEDs, PLEDs, LECs, etc.).), preferably organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic light-emitting diodes based on small molecules 20 (sOLEDs), organic light-emitting diodes based on polymers (PLEDs), light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), organic laser diodes (O-lasers), “organic plasmon emitting devices” (DM Koller et al., Nature Photonics 2008, 1-4); organic integrated circuits (O-ICs), organic field-effect transistors (O-FETs), organic 25 thin-film transistors (O-TFTs), organic light-emitting transistors (O-LETs), organic solar cells (O-SCs), organic optical detectors, organic photoreceptors, organic field-quench devices (O-FQDs) and organic electrical sensors, preferably organic electroluminescent devices (OLEDs, sOLEDs, PLEDs, LECs, etc.).), particularly preferably organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic light-emitting diodes based on small molecules (sOLEDs), organic light-emitting diodes based on polymers (PLEDs), especially phosphorescent OLEDs. The organic electroluminescent device comprises a cathode, anode, and at least one emitting layer. In addition to these layers, it may also contain further layers, for example, one or more hole injection layers, hole transport layers, hole blocking layers, electron transport layers, electron injection layers, exciton blocking layers, electron blocking layers, and / or charge-generation layers. Likewise, interlayers may be introduced between two emitting layers, which, for example, have an exciton-blocking function.It should be noted, however, that not every one of these layers is necessarily required. The organic electroluminescent device can contain one emitting layer, or it can contain several emitting layers. If several emission layers are present, they preferably exhibit several emission maxima between 380 nm and 750 nm, resulting in overall white emission; that is, different emitting compounds that can fluoresce or phosphoresce are used in the emitting layers. Systems with three emitting layers are particularly preferred, wherein the three layers exhibit blue, green, and orange or red emission. The organic electroluminescent device according to the invention can also be a tandem electroluminescent device, especially for white-emitting OLEDs. The compound according to formula (I) orThe preferred embodiments described above can be used in different layers, depending on the precise structure. An organic electroluminescent device containing a compound according to formula (I) or the 25 preferred embodiments described above in an electron transport layer and / or in a hole-blocking layer is preferred. Furthermore, an organic electroluminescent device containing a compound according to formula (I) or the preferred embodiments described above in a hole transport layer and / or electron-blocking layer is preferred. The 30 compound according to formula (I) or the preferred embodiments described above can also be used in an emission layer. Emission layers generally comprise emitters.The term emitter refers to a material which, after excitation (which can be achieved by the transfer of any type of energy), undergoes a radiative transition to a ground state with the emission of light. Generally, two classes of emitters are known: fluorescent and phosphorescent emitters. The term fluorescent emitter refers to materials or compounds in which a radiative transition from an excited singlet state to the ground state occurs. The term phosphorescent emitter preferably refers to luminescent materials or compounds comprising transition metals. Emitters are also frequently referred to as dopants if the dopants produce the aforementioned properties in a system.In a system containing a matrix material and a dopant, the term "10 dopant" refers to the component with the smaller proportion in the mixture. Similarly, in a system containing a matrix material and a dopant, the term "matrix material" refers to the component with the larger proportion in the mixture. The term "15 phosphorescent emitters" can therefore also refer to phosphorescent dopants. Preferably, the fluorescent emitter in the composition has a peak emission wavelength between 420 and 550 nm, more preferably between 420 and 470 nm. Preferred fluorescent emitting compounds for hyperphosphorescent OLEDs are selected from the class of arylamines.Within the scope of the present invention, an arylamine or an aromatic amine is understood to be a compound containing three substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems directly bonded to the nitrogen. Preferably, at least one of these aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems is a condensed ring system, particularly preferably with at least 14 aromatic ring atoms. Preferred examples are aromatic anthracene amines, aromatic anthracene diamines, aromatic pyrene amines, aromatic pyrenediamines, aromatic chrysene amines, or aromatic chrysenediamines. An aromatic anthracene amine is understood to be a compound in which a diarylamino group is directly bonded to an anthracene group, preferably at position 9.An aromatic anthracenediamine is defined as a compound in Foreignfiling_text P24-094 in which two diarylamine groups are directly bonded to an anthracene group, preferably at the 9 and 10 positions. Similarly, aromatic pyrenamines, pyrendiamines, chrysenamines, and chrysendiamines are defined in which the diarylamine groups are preferably bonded to the pyrene at the 1 or 1,6 position. Other preferred emitting compounds are 5 indenofluorenamines or fluorendiamines, for example according to WO 2006 / 108497 or WO 2006 / 122630, benzoindenofluorenamines or fluorendiamines, for example according to WO 2008 / 006449, and dibenzoindenofluorenamines or didiamines, for example according to WO 2007 / 140847, as well as the indenofluorene derivatives with fused aryl groups disclosed in WO 2010 / 012328. 10 The pyrenarylamines disclosed in WO 2012 / 048780 and WO 2013 / 185871 are also preferred.Also preferred are the benzoindenofluorenamines disclosed in WO 2014 / 037077, the benzofluorenamines disclosed in WO 2014 / 106522, the extended benzoindenofluorenes disclosed in WO 2014 / 111269 and WO 2017 / 036574, the phenoxazines disclosed in WO 2017 / 028940 and WO 2017 / 028941 and the furan or thiophene-bound fluorine derivatives disclosed in WO 2016 / 150544. Furthermore, boron compounds can be used in accordance with WO 2020 / 208051, WO 2015 / 102118, WO 2016 / 152418, WO 2018 / 095397, WO 2019 / 004248, WO 2019 / 132040, US 2020 / 0161552 and WO 2021 / 089450, WO 2015 / 102118, KR 20 2018046851, WO 2019 / 009052, WO 2020 / 101001, US 2020 / 0207787, WO 2020 / 138874, KR 2020081978, JP 2020-147563, US 2020 / 0335705 or KR 2022041028 may be used. Preferably, the at least one fluorescent emitter has a full width at half maximum (FWHM) ≤ 50 nm, preferably FWHM ≤ 40 nm, more preferably FWHM ≤ 30 nm.Preferably, the at least one fluorescent emitter has a LUMO of −2.1 eV to −2.5 eV, more preferably of −2.2 eV to −2.4 eV, as defined by quantum chemical calculations. Preferably, the at least one fluorescent emitter has a HOMO of −4.8 eV to −5.2 eV, more preferably of −4.9 eV to −5.1 eV, as defined by quantum chemical calculations. Preferably, the energy of the lowest singlet state S1 of the fluorescent emitter is 2.65 eV to 2.9 eV, more preferably 2.7 to 2.8 eV, and more preferably 2.7 to 2.75 eV, as defined by quantum mechanical calculations. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the fluorescent emitter is selected from structures of the following formula (F-1), 5 10. where R has the meanings mentioned above, and the following applies to the other symbols and indices used: 15 Ar 30 , Ar 31 , Ar 32is the same or different in each occurrence a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, wherein the heteroaromatic ring system may contain nitrogen, boron and / or phosphorus atoms; 20 Y 30 is B or N; Y 31 , Y 32 , Y 33 is the same or different in each occurrence and stands for O, S, C(R 0 )2, C=O, C=S, C=NR 0 , C=C(R 0 )2, Si(R 0 )2, BR 0 , NR 0 , PR 0 , SO2, SeO225 or a chemical bond, provided that if Y 30 for B stands, at least one of the groups Y 31 , Y 32 , Y 33 for NR 0 stands, and if Y 30 N stands for at least one of the group Y 31 , Y 32 , Y 33 for BR 0 stands; R 0is the same or different in each occurrence, H, D, F, a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 20, preferably with 1 to 10 C atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 20, preferably with 3 to 10 C atoms, each of which may be substituted with one or more substituents R, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by O or S and wherein one or more H atoms may be replaced by D or F, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 40, preferably with 5 to 30, particularly preferably with 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, each of which may be substituted with one or more substituents R, wherein the heteroaromatic ring system may contain nitrogen, boron and / or phosphorus atoms; in this case, two adjacent substituents R 0together form an aliphatic or aromatic ring system, which may be substituted with one or more substituents R; q is 0 or 1. 10 Compounds are particularly preferred in which: - q = 0; Y 30 = B; and Y 31 , Y 32 = NR 0 ; or - q = 0; Y 30 = B; and Y 31 , Y 32 = NR 0 ; or 15 - q = 1; Y 30 = N; and Y 31 , Y 32 = BR 0 ; Y 33 = chemical bond. Examples of suitable fluorescent emitters are shown in the table below: 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 The following are examples of preferred compounds that can serve as phosphorescent emitters. The term “phosphorescent compound” or “phosphorescent compound” (= triplet emitter) typically refers to compounds in which the emission of light occurs through a spin-forbidden transition, e.g., a transition from an excited triplet state or a state with a higher spin quantum number, e.g., a quintet state. Luminescent complexes with transition metals or lanthanides are preferred as phosphorescent compounds, especially when they contain copper, molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, iridium, palladium, platinum, silver, gold, or europium, and especially compounds containing iridium, platinum, or copper.Within the scope of the present invention, all luminescent iridium, platinum, or copper complexes are considered to be phosphorescent emitting compounds. Iridium or platinum complexes are particularly preferred. Examples of phosphorescent emitters can be found in applications WO 00 / 70655, WO 2001 / 41512, WO 2002 / 02714, WO 2002 / 15645, EP 1191613, EP 1191612, EP 1191614, WO 05 / 033244, WO 05 / 019373, US 2005 / 0258742, WO 2009 / 146770, WO 2010 / 015307, WO 2010 / 031485, WO 2010 / 054731, WO 2010 / 054728, WO 2010 / 086089, WO 2010 / 099852, WO 2010 / 102709, WO 2011 / 032626, WO 2011 / 066898, WO 2011 / 157339, WO 2012 / 007086, WO 2014 / 008982, WO 2014 / 023377, WO 2014 / 094961, WO 2014 / 094960, WO 2015 / 036074, WO 2015 / 104045, WO 2015 / 117718, WO 2016 / 015815, WO 2016 / 124304, WO 2017 / 032439, WO 2018 / 011186, WO 2018 / 041769, WO 2019 / 020538, WO 2018 / 178001, WO 2019 / 115423 and WO 2019 / 158453 can be taken from this document.In general, all phosphorescent complexes used in phosphorescent OLEDs according to the prior art and known to those skilled in the art in the field of organic electroluminescence are suitable, and those skilled in the art can use other phosphorescent complexes without inventive effort. Since the compounds to be used according to the invention can also have a high triplet energy depending on the substitution, it is particularly possible to use them as matrix materials for blue phosphorescent emitters. Suitable phosphorescent metal complexes that can be used in phosphorescent OLEDs or as sensitizers in hyperphosphorescent OLEDs are further disclosed, inter alia, in Sungho Nam et al., Adv. Sci. 2021, 2100586, and Eungdo Kin et al., Sci. Adv. 2022, 8, 1641.Further compounds suitable as Sensitizer 30 are disclosed in EP 3435438 A2, in particular compounds 2 and 3 on page 21, in CN 109111487, in particular the compounds on pages 76 and 77, in US 2020 / 0140471, in particular the compounds on pages 166 to 175; in KR 2020108705, in particular the compounds on pages 8 to 14, in US 2019 / 0119312, in particular the 35 compounds on pages 114 to 121, and in US 2020 / 0411775, Foreignfiling_text P24-094, in particular the compounds on pages 123 to 128. Further suitable phosphorescent metal complexes are disclosed in US 2022 / 0115607, US 2022 / 0298193, US 2016 / 0072082 and US 2022 / 0271236. The proportion of matrix material in the emitting layer is, in this case, between 50.0 and 99.9 vol.%, preferably between 80.0 and 99.5 vol.%, and particularly preferably between 92.0 and 99.5 vol.% for fluorescent emitting layers and between 85.0 and 97.0 vol.%.-% for phosphorescent emitting layers. 10 Accordingly, the proportion of the emitting compound is between 0.1 and 50.0 vol%, preferably between 0.5 and 20.0 vol%, particularly preferably between 0.5 and 8.0 vol% for fluorescent emitting layers and between 3.0 and 15.0 vol% for phosphorescent emitting layers. 15 An emitting layer can also comprise systems containing a plurality of matrix materials (mixed matrix systems) and / or a plurality of emitting compounds. In this case as well, the emitting compounds are generally those that have the smaller proportion in the system and the matrix materials those that have the larger proportion in the system. In 20 individual cases, however, the proportion of a single matrix material in the system can be less than the proportion of a single emitting compound. Preferably, mixed matrix systems can be used.The mixed matrix systems preferably consist of two or three different matrix materials, more preferably of two different matrix materials. Preferably, one of the two materials is a material with hole-transporting properties and the other material is a material with electron-transporting properties. Further mixed matrix components can also fulfill other functions. The two different matrix materials can be present in a ratio of 1:50 to 1:1, preferably 1:20 to 1:1, even more preferably 1:10 to 1:1, and most preferably 1:4 to 1:1. Mixed matrix systems are preferably used in phosphorescent or hyperphosphorescent organic electroluminescent devices.Particularly suitable matrix materials that can be used in combination with the compounds according to the invention (35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094) as matrix components of a mixed matrix system are described in more detail below. Examples of phosphorescent compounds are listed below. 5 10 15 20 25 30. 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 In a preferred embodiment, a hyperfluorescence and / or hyperphosphorescence system is preferably formed by a suitable combination of compounds. Such hyperfluorescence and / or hyperphosphorescence systems constitute a preferred embodiment of functional materials to be purified according to the invention. 20 Preferably, a fluorescent emitter is used in combination with one or more phosphorescent materials (triplet emitters) and / or a compound that represents a TADF (thermally activated delayed fluorescence) host material. 25 WO 2015 / 091716 A1 and WO 2016 / 193243 A1 disclose OLEDs which contain both a phosphorescent compound and a fluorescent emitter in the emission layer, wherein the energy is transferred from the phosphorescent compound to the fluorescent emitter (hyperphosphorescence).In this context, the phosphorescent compound behaves like a host material. As those skilled in the art know, host materials have higher singlet and triplet energies compared to the emitters, so that the energy of the host material is transferred to the emitter as optimally as possible. The 35 systems disclosed in the prior art exhibit precisely such an energy ratio. A fluorescent emitter can preferably be used in combination with a TADF host material and / or a TADF emitter, as previously explained. The process, known as thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), is described, for example, by BH Uoyama et al., Nature 2012, Vol. 492, 234. To enable this process, the emitter has a comparatively small singlet-triplet distance ΔE(S1– T1) of, for example, less than about 2000 cm. -1necessary. To open the otherwise spin-forbidden transition T1^^ S1, another compound can be included in the matrix next to the emitter. This compound exhibits strong spin-orbit coupling, enabling inter-system crossing through spatial proximity and the resulting interaction between the molecules. Alternatively, spin-orbit coupling can be generated via a metal atom contained in the emitter. Besides emitters, emission layers often include host materials, which are frequently also referred to as matrix materials. Compounds used as host materials, especially in conjunction with emitting compounds, comprise materials from various classes. Host materials generally exhibit larger band gaps between the HOMO and LUMO than the emitter materials used. Additionally, preferred host materials display either hole-transport or electron-transport material properties.Furthermore, host materials can exhibit both electron and hole transport properties. Host materials are sometimes also referred to as matrix materials, particularly when the host material is used in combination with a phosphorescent emitter in an OLED. Preferred host materials or co-host materials, especially when used together with fluorescent dopants, are selected from the classes of oligoarylenes (e.g., 2,2',7,7'-tetraphenyl-spirobifluorene 35 according to EP 676461 or dinaphthylanthracene), in particular oligoarylenes containing fused aromatic groups such as anthracene, benzanthracene, benzphenanthrene (DE 102009005746, WO 09 / 069566), phenanthrene, tetracene, coronene, chrysene, fluorene, spirofluorene, perylene, phthaloperylene, naphthaloperylene, decacycles, rubrene, and oligoarylene vinylenes (e.g.,DPVBi = 4,4'-Bis(2,2-diphenyl-ethenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl ) or Spiro-DPVBi 5 according to EP 676461), the polypodal metal complexes (e.g. according to WO 04 / 081017), in particular metal complexes of 8-hydroxyquinoline, e.g. AlQ3(= aluminum(III)tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)) or bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato)-4-(phenylphenolino-olato)aluminium, also with imidazole chelate (US 2007 / 0092753 A1) as well as the quinoline metal complexes, aminoquinoline metal complexes, benzoquinoline metal complexes, the hole-conducting compounds (e.g. according to WO 04 / 058911), the electron-conducting compounds, in particular ketones, phosphine oxides, sulfoxides, carbazoles, Spiro-carbazole, indenocarbazole, etc. (e.g. according to WO 05 / 084081 and WO 05 / 084082), the atropisomers (e.g. according to WO 06 / 048268), the boronic acid derivatives (e.g. according to WO 06 / 117052) or the benzanthracenes (e.g. according to WO 08 / 145239).Particularly preferred compounds that can serve as host materials or co-host materials are selected from the classes of oligoarylenes containing anthracene, benzanthracene and / or pyrene or atropisomers of these 20 compounds. For the purposes of the present invention, an oligoarylene is understood to be a compound in which at least three aryl or arylene groups are bonded together. Preferred host materials are particularly selected from compounds 25 of formula (H-100), Ar. 5 -(Ar 6 ) p -Ar 7 (H-100) where Ar 5 , Ar 6 , Ar 7 where, in each occurrence, the aryl or heteroaryl group with 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms is the same or different, and may optionally be substituted, and p represents an integer in the range of 1 to 5; the sum of the π electrons in Ar 5 , Ar 6 and Ar 7at least 30 when p = 1, and at least 36 when p = 2, and at least 42 when p = 3. 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 The group Ar is particularly preferred in the compounds of formula (H-100). 6 for Anthracenes and the Ar groups 5 and Ar 7 are bound in positions 9 and 10, whereby these groups may be substituted. At least one of the groups Ar is particularly preferred. 5 and / or Ar 7a condensed aryl group selected from 1- or 2-naphthyl, 2-, 3- or 9- 5 phenanthrenyl or 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-benzanthracenyl. Anthracene-based compounds are described in US 2007 / 0092753 A1 and US 2007 / 0252517 A1, e.g., 2-(4-methylphenyl)-9,10-di-(2-naphthyl)anthracene, 9-(2-naphthyl)-10-(1,1'-biphenyl)anthracene and 9,10-bis[4-(2,2-diphenylethenyl)phenyl]anthracene, 9,10-diphenylanthracene, 9,10-10 bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene and 1,4-bis(9'-ethynylanthraceneyl)benzene. Compounds with two anthracene units are also preferred (US 2008 / 0193796 A1), e.g., 10,10'-bis[1,1',4', 1'']terphenyl-2-yl-9,9'-bisanthracenyl. Other preferred compounds are derivatives of arylamine, styrylamine, fluorescein, diphenylbutadiene, tetraphenylbutadiene, cyclopentadiene, tetraphenylcyclopentadiene, pentaphenylcyclopentadiene, coumarin, oxadiazole, bisbenzoxazoline, oxazole, pyridine, pyrazine, imine, benzothiazole, benzoxazole, benzimidazole (US 2007 / 0092753 A1), e.g.2,2',2''-(1,3,5-phenylene)tris[1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole], aldazine, stilbene, styrylarylene derivatives, e.g., 9,10-bis[4-(2,2-20-diphenylethenyl)phenyl]anthracene and distyrylarylene derivatives (US 5121029), diphenylethylene, vinylanthracene, diaminocarbazole, pyran, thiopyran, diketopyrrolopyrrole, polymethine, cinnamic acid esters, and fluorescent dyes. Derivatives of arylamine and styrylamine, e.g., TNB (= 25 4,4'-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-(2-naphthyl)amino]biphenyl), are particularly preferred. Metal-oxinoid complexes such as LiQ or AlQ3 can be used as co-hosts. Preferred compounds with oligoarylenes as a matrix are set out in US 2003 / 0027016 A1, US 7326371 B2, US 2006 / 043858 A, WO 2007 / 114358, WO 08 / 145239, JP 30 3148176 B2, EP 1009044, US 2004 / 018383, WO 2005 / 061656 A1, EP 0681019B1, WO 2004 / 013073A1, US 5077142, WO 2007 / 065678 and DE 102009005746, with particularly preferred compounds being described by formulas H-102 to H-108. 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25. 30 Formula H-108 Furthermore, compounds that can be used as a host or matrix include materials that are used together with phosphorescent emitters. Preferred matrix materials for phosphorescent 35 compounds, which can also be used in combination with the compounds according to the invention, are aromatic ketones, aromatic phosphine oxides or aromatic sulfoxides or sulfones, e.g. according to WO 2004 / 013080, WO 2004 / 093207, WO 2006 / 005627 or WO 2010 / 006680, triarylamines, carbazole derivatives, etc. B. CBP (N,N-Biscarbazolylbiphenyl) or WO 2005 / 039246, US 2005 / 0069729, JP 2004 / 288381, EP 1205527, WO 2008 / 086851 or WO 2013 / 041176, indolocarbazole derivatives, e.g. according to WO 5 2007 / 063754 or WO 2008 / 056746, indenocarbazole derivatives, e.g. according to WO 2010 / 136109, WO 2011 / 000455, WO 2013 / 041176 or WO 2013 / 056776, azacarbazole derivatives, e.g.according to EP 1617710, EP 1617711, EP 1731584, JP 2005 / 347160, bipolar matrix materials, e.g. according to WO 2007 / 137725, silanes, e.g. according to WO 2005 / 111172, azaborols or boron esters, e.g. according to WO 2006 / 117052, triazine derivatives, e.g. according to WO 2007 / 063754, WO 2008 / 056746, WO 2010 / 015306, WO 2011 / 057706, WO 2011 / 060859 or WO 2011 / 060877, zinc complexes, e.g. B. according to EP 652273 or WO 2009 / 062578, diazasilol or tetraazasilol derivatives, e.g. according to WO 2010 / 054729, diazaphosphole derivatives, e.g. according to WO 2010 / 054730, bridged carbazole derivatives, 15 e.g. according to WO 2011 / 042107, WO 2011 / 060867, WO 2011 / 088877 and WO 2012 / 143080, triphenylene derivatives, e.g. according to WO 2012 / 048781, lactams, e.g. according to WO 2011 / 116865 or WO 2011 / 137951, dibenzofuran derivatives, e.g. B. according to WO 2015 / 169412, WO 2016 / 015810, WO 2016 / 023608, WO 2017 / 148564 or WO 2017 / 148565 or bridged triarylboro compounds, 20 for example according to US 2021 / 0122765.Likewise, another phosphorescent emitter, emitting at a shorter wavelength than the actual emitter, may be present as a co-host in the mixture, or a compound that does not participate, or does not participate to a significant extent, in charge transport, as described, for example, in WO 2010 / 108579. The previously cited publications describing the functional materials that can be used to produce functional layers of electronic devices are incorporated into the present application for disclosure purposes by reference. Furthermore, the electronic device may be an organic electroluminescent device, and the electroluminescent device may comprise an electron transport layer, wherein the electron transport layer comprises at least one electron transport material and a compound according to formula (I).Preferably, the electron transport layer can contain a composition according to the invention, preferably consisting of a composition according to the invention, wherein this composition comprises an electron transport material. Furthermore, it can be provided that the electronic device is an organic electroluminescent device and the electroluminescent device comprises a hole transport layer, wherein the hole transport layer comprises at least a hole conductor material and a compound according to formula (I). Preferably, the hole transport layer can contain a composition according to the invention, preferably consisting of a composition according to the invention, wherein this composition comprises a hole conductor material.The ordinary refractive indices of the layers of an electronic device, preferably an organic electroluminescent device, measured via ellisometry at 450 nm, are preferably less than 1.8, more preferably less than 1.7, particularly preferably less than 1.6, and especially preferably less than 1.5. All materials commonly used in the prior art can be used in the further layers of the organic electroluminescent device according to the invention. Therefore, without any inventive effort, a person skilled in the art can use all materials known for organic electroluminescent devices in combination with the compounds according to formula (I) or the preferred embodiments described above. In addition to the layers described above, an electronic device, preferably an organic electroluminescent device, can comprise further layers.In particular, a compound according to formula (I) or 30 preferred embodiments of this formula can be used to produce an outcoupling layer, a capping layer, or a matching layer. A further preferred object of the present invention is therefore an electronic device, preferably an organic electroluminescent device, comprising an outcoupling layer, a capping layer, or a matching layer, which includes a compound according to formula (I) or preferred embodiments of this formula, preferably consisting of one or more of these compounds. 5 A further preferred object is an organic electroluminescent device characterized in that one or more layers are coated using a sublimation process.The materials are processed in vacuum sublimation systems at an initial pressure of less than 10. -5 mbar, preferably less than 10 -6 mbar vaporized. However, it is also possible that the initial pressure is even lower, for example less than 10 -7 mbar. An organic electroluminescence device is also preferred, characterized in that one or more layers are coated using the OVPD (Organic Vapor Phase Deposition) process or with the aid of carrier gas sublimation 15. The materials are coated at a pressure between 10 -5mbar and 1 bar. A special case of this process is the OVJP (Organic Vapor Jet Printing) process, in which the materials are applied directly through a nozzle and thus structured. 20 A further preferred organic electroluminescent device is characterized in that one or more layers are produced from solution, e.g., by spin coating, or with any printing process, e.g., screen printing, flexographic printing, offset printing, LITI (Light Induced Thermal Imaging, thermal transfer printing), ink-jet printing, or nozzle printing. 25 Soluble compounds are required for this, which can be obtained, for example, by suitable substitution.Formulations for applying a compound according to formula (I) or its preferred embodiments described above are novel. A further object of the present invention is therefore a formulation comprising at least one solvent and a compound according to formula (I) or its preferred embodiments described above. Furthermore, hybrid processes are possible in which, for example, one or more layers of solution are applied and one or more further layers are vapor-deposited. These processes are generally known to those skilled in the art and can be applied by them without inventive effort to organic electroluminescent devices containing the compounds according to formula (I) or the preferred embodiments described above and below.The compounds and organic electroluminescent devices according to the invention can, depending on the specific embodiment, be characterized by a low refractive index (RI). Furthermore, these compounds and the organic electroluminescent devices obtained therefrom exhibit an improved lifetime. The other electronic properties of the electroluminescent devices, such as efficiency, remain at least as good. In a further embodiment, the compounds and organic electroluminescent devices according to the invention are characterized, compared to the prior art, in particular by improved efficiency and / or a longer lifetime. The electronic devices according to the invention, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, are characterized by one or more of the following surprising advantages over the prior art: 1.Electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices containing compounds according to formula (I) or the preferred embodiments described above and below, especially in combination with an emitter, a matrix material, a hole-conducting material, or an electron-conducting material, exhibit excellent efficiency. 2. Electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices containing compounds according to formula (I) or the preferred embodiments described above and below, especially in combination with an emitter, a matrix material, a hole-conducting material, or an electron-conducting material, exhibit a very good lifetime. 3. The compounds according to formula (I) or the preferred embodiments described above and below exhibit very high stability. 4.Electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices containing compounds according to formula (I) or the preferred embodiments described above and below, exhibit very low refractive indices. 5. With compounds according to formula (I) or the preferred embodiments described above and below, the formation of losses due to optical reflection can be avoided in electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices. 6. Compounds according to formula (I) or the preferred embodiments described above and below exhibit excellent glass film formation. 7. Compounds according to formula (I) or the preferred embodiments described above and below form very good films from solutions. These advantages mentioned above are not accompanied by an excessively high deterioration of the other electronic properties.It should be noted that variations of the embodiments described in the present invention fall within the scope of this invention. 30 Each feature disclosed in the present invention may, unless explicitly excluded, be replaced by alternative features serving the same, an equivalent, or a similar purpose. Thus, unless otherwise stated, each feature disclosed in the present invention is to be considered as an example of a generic series or as an equivalent or similar feature. 35 All features of the present invention may be combined with one another in any way, unless certain features and / or steps are mutually exclusive. This applies in particular to preferred features of the present invention. Likewise, features of non-essential combinations may be used separately (and not in combination).It should further be noted that many of the features, and in particular those of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, are themselves inventive and not merely to be considered part of the embodiments of the present invention. Independent protection can be sought for these features in addition to or as an alternative to any currently claimed invention. The teaching on technical action disclosed in the present invention can be abstracted and combined with other examples. The invention is further explained by the following examples, without thereby limiting it. The person skilled in the art can implement the invention in its entire disclosed scope from the descriptions and, without inventive effort, create further connections according to the invention and use them in electronic devices or apply the method according to the invention.Examples: 25 Unless otherwise stated, the following syntheses are carried out under a protective gas atmosphere in dried solvents. The solvents and reagents can be obtained, for example, from Sigma-ALDRICH or ABCR. The respective information in square brackets or the numbers given for individual compounds refer to the CAS numbers of the compounds known from the literature. For compounds that can have several isomeric, enantiomeric, diastereomeric, or tautomeric forms, one form is shown as a representative example. A: Synthons known from the literature LS: 35 a) 2,2'-Dihydroxybiphenyls: Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30. 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 c) Dichlorosilanes and -germanes: 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 - 144 - 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 B: Synthesis of synthons S: Example S1: 20 25 A well-stirred mixture of 24.1 g (100 mmol) of 1,2-dibromobenzene [583-53-9], 250 ml of tetrahydrofuran (THF), and 250 ml of diethyl ether 30, cooled to -110 °C, is added dropwise with 40.0 ml of n-butyllithium 2.5 M in n-hexane for approximately 10 minutes, while maintaining the temperature below -100 °C. The mixture is stirred for 30 minutes at -110 °C, and then a solution of 15.0 g (100 mmol) of adamantan-2-one [700-583] in 50 ml of THF is added dropwise for approximately 20 minutes, while maintaining the temperature below -100 °C. The reaction mixture is stirred for 1 h 35 at -110 °C, the cooling bath is removed, and the mixture is slowly warmed to room temperature. The mixture is quenched by adding 200 ml of saturated ammonium chloride solution, the organic phase is separated (Foreignfiling_text P24-094), the organic phase is concentrated to dryness, and the residue is chromatographed (Torrent column analyzer, A. Semrau). Yield: 24.2 g (78 mmol) 78%. Purity: 97% n.a. 1 H-NMR. 5 10. A well-stirred mixture of 24.1 g (100 mmol) S1a, 250 ml tetrahydrofuran (THF), and 250 ml diethyl ether, cooled to -78 °C, is added dropwise for approximately 20 min to 80.0 ml n-butyllithium 2.5 M in n-hexane, maintaining the temperature below -70 °C. The mixture is stirred for 30 min at -78 °C, and then a solution of 15.0 g (100 mmol) adamantan-2-one [700-583] in 1550 ml THF is added dropwise for approximately 15 min, maintaining the temperature below -70 °C. The reaction mixture is stirred for 1 h at -78 °C, the cooling bath is removed, and the mixture is slowly warmed to room temperature. The mixture is quenched by adding 200 ml saturated Ammonium chloride solution separates the organic phase, dries over magnesium sulfate, and then dries the organic phase under vacuum at max. 30 °C to 20% dryness. The residue is dissolved in approximately 250 ml of warm n-heptane, rubbed, and chilled overnight at -25 °C. The crystallizate is filtered off, washed once with a small amount of n-heptane, and dried under vacuum.A second crystal fraction can be obtained from the mother liquor. Yield: 20.6 g (54 mmol) 54%. Purity: 97%. 1 H-NMR. 25 C: Synthesis of the compounds according to the invention Example B1: Homoleptic silica esters 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 A well-stirred solution of 41.1 g (100 mmol) of 3,3′,5,5′-tetrakis(1,1-dimethylethyl)[1,1′-biphenyl]-2,2′-diol, LS4 [6390-69-8] in 600 ml THF, cooled to 0°C, is added dropwise to 80.0 ml (200 mmol) of n-butyllithium, 2.5 M in n-hexane. The reaction mixture is allowed to warm to room temperature for 1 h, then 5.7 ml (50 mmol) of silicon tetrachloride [10026-04-7] is added dropwise and the mixture is heated under reflux for 18 h. After cooling, the solvent is removed under vacuum, the residue is dissolved in 300 ml of dichloromethane (DCM), washed twice with 100 ml of water each time, once with 100 ml of saturated saline solution, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered off the drying agent, the solvent is removed under vacuum, and the residue is chromatographed with n-heptane on silica gel. Purification of the crude product is carried out by chromatography (Torrent column chromatography system from A. Semrau) and / or repeated hot extraction crystallization (using conventional organic solvents).whose combinations, preferably isopropanol-DCM 3:1 and then acetonitrile-DCM, 3:1 to 1:1 vv) as well as fractional sublimation or annealing under high vacuum. 15 Yield: 32.4 g (38 mmol) 76%; Purity: approx. 99.9% n. HPLC. The product is hydrolysis-stable for days, even in water-miscible solvents such as THF, with a large excess of water and under reflux. The refractive index of this compound is approx. 1.55 at 450 nm. 20 Example B200: Homoleptic pinacol silica esters 25. Homoleptic silicic acid pinacol esters can be prepared according to the procedure in Example 30 1; alternatively, they can be prepared by a two-step one-pot synthesis from the corresponding ketones. a) Pinacol formation according to J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5724: 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 Preparation: 23.0 g (1 mol) sodium in 500 ml xylene, reflux, addition of 150.2 g (1 mol) adamantan-2-one [700-583] dissolved in 500 ml xylene, boiling under reflux until the sodium has reacted. b) Reaction with silicon tetrachloride: 5 Slowly add 28.1 ml (245 mmol) of silicon tetrachloride [10026-04-7] (Caution: Exothermic!) to the boiling reaction mixture. After the addition is complete, heat under reflux for a further 3 h. After cooling, remove most of the solvent under vacuum, dissolve the residue in 2000 ml of dichloromethane (DCM), wash twice with 300 ml of water each time, and once with 10,300 ml of saturatedSodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulfate and filtered from the drying agent through a silica gel bed pre-flourished with DCM. The crude product is purified by chromatography (Torrent column analyzer from A. Semrau) and / or repeated hot extraction crystallization (using common organic solvents or combinations thereof, preferably isopropanol-DCM 3:1 followed by acetonitrile-DCM, 3:1 to 1:1 vv) as well as fractional sublimation or annealing under high vacuum. Yield: 123.0 g (195 mmol) 80%; Purity: approx. 99.9% by HPLC. The product is hydrolysis-stable for several days, even in water-miscible solvents such as THF, with a large excess of water and under reflux. The refractive index of this compound is approx. 1.54 at 450 nm. The following compounds can be prepared analogously. Are chiral alcohols such as LS204, LS206, LS300, LS301 or 1,1'-dinaphthols such as e.g.LS14, LS15, LS16, or their higher homologs such as LS18 are used; these can be used as racemates or pure enantiomers. Accordingly, the derived silica esters can be obtained as diastereomeric mixtures, racemates, or pure enantiomers. Diastereomeric mixtures and racemates can be separated by methods known to those skilled in the art, such as fractional crystallization or chromatography on chiral solid phases. The compounds shown below include all conceivable diastereomeric mixtures, racemates, or pure enantiomers. 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30. 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 - 152 - 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 Example 600: Heteroleptic silicic acid esters 5 Heteroleptic silicic acid esters can be prepared by the consecutive reaction of two di-10 lithium diolates with silicon tetrachloride. Analogous to Example 1, two di-lithium diolate THF solutions are prepared from 41.1 g (100 mmol) of LS4 and 19.8 g (100 mmol) of LS201. To a well-stirred mixture of 11.4 ml (100 mmol) silicon tetrachloride and 1000 ml THF, cooled to 0°C, the LS4-di-lithium diolate THF solutions are added dropwise over 1 h. The reaction mixture is then allowed to warm to room temperature for 1 h and stirred for 5 h. Finally, the LS201-di-lithium diolate THF solutions are added dropwise, and the mixture is heated under reflux for 18 h. The work-up is carried out according to Example 1. Yield: 40.2 g (46 mmol) 64%; Purity: approx. 99.9% n. HPLC. The following compounds can be prepared analogously, whereby for tetrahydric alcohols such as LS19 the stoichiometry is adjusted accordingly and the dihydric alcohol is coordinated to the silicon tetrachloride first. 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 - 169 - 5 Example B1000: Silica half-ester 10 15 Preparation analogous to Example 1, where the stoichiometry of diol to dichlorosilane is chosen to be 1:1. Starting material: 41.1 g (100 mmol) 3,3′,5,5′-tetrakis(1,1-dimethylethyl)[1,1′-biphenyl]-2,2′-diol, LS4 [6390-69-8], 13.5 g (100 mmol) LS614. Yield: 38.0 g (80 mmol) 80%; Purity: approx. 99.9% yd. n. 20 HPLC. Alternatively, the preparation can be carried out according to SD Pastor et al., J.Org.Chem. 1984, 49, 1297 or EP0114148B1. The product is hydrolysis-stable for several days, even in water-miscible solvents such as THF, with a large excess of water and under reflux. The following compounds can be prepared analogously. 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 - 180 - 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 C: Polymer layers containing silicic acid esters. Example PS1: 30 1 g P1 and 10 mg azobis(isobutyronitrile) [78-67-1] are dissolved in 50 ml 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate [108-65-6] at 20°C. Clean quartz glass plates (50 x 50 mm, cleaned in a Miele laboratory dishwasher with Merck Extran cleaner, then activated by UV / ozone plasma treatment) are coated with this solution by dip-coating or spin-coating (visible thicknesses typically 20–35 nm to 1 µm; the required spin rate depends on the degree of dilution and the specific spin-coater geometry). After drying for 15 minutes, the glass plates are annealed in an oven at 180°C for 30 minutes. After cooling, homogeneously coated plates are obtained, appearing crystal clear to the naked eye. The ordinary refractive index is determined using an ellipsometer (JA Wollam Inc., USA) at a wavelength of 450 nm; the value is calculated from the dispersion curve and is 1.54. Example PS2: Procedure analogous to example.PS1, where P2 is used instead of P1. Refractive index: 1.55. 10 Example PS3: Procedure analogous to Example PS1, where P3 is used instead of P1. Refractive index: 1.52. 15 The substances P1, P2, and P3 are described in the synthesis examples above. The coated substrates obtained in Examples PS1 to PS3 are ideally suited as outcoupling layers, surprisingly leading to improved light extraction and therefore improved efficiency. 20 D: Preparation of mixtures: PreMix Example: PreMix1 A mixture of 7.5 g HTM [136463-07-5], TVakuumTGA(5 wt% loss): 211 °C, (see Table 4) and 2.5 g B200, TVakuumTGA(5 wt% loss): 214 °C, is carefully melted in a 25 Schlenk tube under argon without overheating the melt.After homogenizing the melt, it is allowed to cool and the resulting organic glass is pulverized. In this form, it is used as PreMix1 for the production of OLED components (see Example B1f). The following mixtures can be prepared analogously: Example: PreMix2 7.0 g HTM and 3.0 g B605; Example: PreMix3 8.0 g HTM and 2.0 g B805. Production of OLEDs: In the following examples, e.g., V1a and B1a (see Table 3a), the data for various OLEDs are presented. Example B1a shows data for an OLED according to the invention, while Example V1a shows the corresponding comparative example according to the prior art. The examples in the other tables also show the comparative examples as Vx and the examples according to the invention as Bx. Glass plates coated with 10 structured ITO (indium tin oxide) of 50 nm thickness are used as a substrate for the OLEDs.The exact structure of the OLEDs can be found in Tables 2a-g. The materials required for the fabrication of the OLEDs are shown in Table 1 or described in the synthesis examples. All materials are thermally evaporated in a vacuum chamber. The emission layer always consists of at least one matrix material (also called host material) and an emitting dopant, which is added to the matrix material(s) by cover evaporation in a specific volume fraction. A specification such as H:E (97%:3%) 20nm means that material H is present in a volume fraction of 97% as the host material, and compound E in a fraction of 3% in a 20nm thick layer. Similarly, the hole injection layer (HIL) and the electron transport layer (ETL) can also consist of a mixture of two or more materials. The structure of the respective OLEDs is shown in Tables 2a-g.Table 1: OLED materials 30 35. Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 Table 2a: 15 20 25 Table 2b 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 Table 2c 10 Table 2d 15 20 25 30 Table 2e 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 Table 2f 5 10 Table 2g 15 20 25 The OLEDs are characterized according to standard procedures. For this purpose, the electroluminescence spectra and current-voltage-luminance characteristics (IUL-30 characteristics) are measured, and the EQE is calculated from these measurements. The calculation is performed assuming a Lambertian emission characteristic. The electroluminescence spectra are determined at a luminance of 1000 cd / m², and the CIE 1931 x and y color coordinates are calculated from them. The voltage required for a current density of 10 mA / cm² is denoted here as U10. EQE10 denotes the external quantum efficiency at a current density of 10 mA / cm². For each example, the relative EQE and the relative voltage are calculated in comparison to the respective reference example: rel. U (Ex) = (U10(Ex) / U10(V)) rel. EQE (Ex) = (EQE10(Ex) / EQE10(V)) The results are shown in Tables 3a-g. 10 Table 3a: OLED 1 15 20 Table 3b: OLED 2 25 30 Table 3c: OLED 3 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 Table 3d: OLED 4 5 10 Table 3e: OLED 5 15 Table 3f: OLED 6 20 Table 3g: OLED 7 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 When comparing the example according to the invention with the corresponding comparative example, it is clearly evident that the example according to the invention shows a significant advantage in device efficiency, without negatively affecting service life, voltage, or color. 5 The efficiency gain is unexpected, with the constant operating voltage being particularly surprising. Without being definitively stated, it can be assumed that the reduced refractive index could be a cause for the unexpected improvement of the device. 10 15 20 25 30 35

Claims

Foreignfiling_text P24-094 Claims 1. Compound according to formula (I), 5 10 Formula (I) where the symbols are: M stands for Si or Ge; 15 V stands for a bond, a straight-chain alkylene group with 1 to 10 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkylene group with 3 to 40 C atoms, each linked to one or more R groups 1 may be substituted with non-H or for an ortho-linked 20 aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted with one or more R substituents not equal to H; W a stands for a group –C(R a )2-, or an ortho-linked 25 aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted with one or more R-non-H substituents; W b stands for a group –C(R b)2-, or an ortho-linked 30 aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted with one or more R substituents other than H; R a In each occurrence, it is either the same or different: a straight-chain 35 alkyl group with 1 to 40 carbon atoms or a branched or Foreignfiling_text P24-094 cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 40 C atoms, each with one or more R groups 1 can be substituted in a way that is not equal to H, whereby two residues R can be used. a together or a remainder R a with a remainder R b form a ring; 5 R b In each occurrence, the alkyl group is either a straight-chain group with 1 to 40 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 40 carbon atoms, each with one or more R groups. 1 can be substituted in a way that is not equal to H, whereby two residues R can be used. b together or a remainder R bwith a remainder of 10 R a form a ring; R c is a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 40 carbon atoms, a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 40 carbon atoms, each of which may be substituted with one or more R groups other than H, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted with one or more R groups other than H, where one R group c with a remainder R dforming a ring, or a straight-chain alkoxy group with 1 to 40 C atoms, a branched 20 or cyclic alkoxy group with 3 to 40 C atoms, each of which may be substituted with one or more R groups other than H, or an aryloxy group, with 6 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted with one or more R groups other than H, wherein the oxygen atom of the alkoxy group or the aryloxy group 25 bonds to the group M and the alkoxy group or the aryloxy group is bonded to the group R d forms a ring; R d is a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 40 carbon atoms, a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 40 carbon atoms, each of which may be substituted with one or more R groups other than H, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted with one or more R groups other than H, where one R group may be d with a remainder R cform a ring, or a 35 straight-chain alkoxy group with 1 to 40 carbon atoms, a branched Foreignfiling_text P24-094 or a cyclic alkoxy group with 3 to 40 C atoms, which may be substituted with one or more R groups other than H, or an aryloxy group, with 6 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted with one or more R groups other than H, wherein the oxygen atom of the alkoxy group or the aryloxy group bonds to the 5 group M and the alkoxy group or the aryloxy group with the group R c forms a ring; R is the same or different in each occurrence H, D, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, C(Ar')3, C(R 1 )3, Si(Ar')3, Si(R 1 )3, Ge(Ar')3, Ge(R 1 )3, C(=O)Ar', 10 C(=O)R 1 , S(=O)Ar', S(=O)R 1 , S(=O)2Ar', S(=O)2R 1 , OSO2Ar', OSO2R 1, a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group with 1 to 40 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl or alkynyl group with 2 to 40 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group with 3 to 20 carbon atoms, wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, 15 thioalkoxy, alkenyl or alkynyl group is each linked to one or more R groups 1 can be substituted with something other than H, where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are replaced by R 1 C=CR 1 , C≡C, Si(R 1 )2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, -C(=O)O-, -O-, -S-, SO or SO2 can be replaced, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic 20 ring system with 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, each of which is replaced by one or more R groups 1 may be substituted, or an aryloxy or heteroaryloxy group with 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, separated by one or more R groups 1can be substituted, whereby two residues R can also be substituted with each other or one residue R 25 with another group, in particular a residue R b form a ring system; Ar' is the same or different in each occurrence, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is coupled with one or more R groups. 1 can be substituted with non-H, whereby two Ar' residues bonding to the same C atom or Si atom can also be connected by a single bond or a bridge selected from C(R 1 )2, Si(R 1 )2, C=O, C=C(R 1 )2, O, S, S=O and SO2, be bridged together; 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 R 1 is the same or different in each occurrence H, D, F, Cl, Br, I, C(=O)Ar'', C(=O)R 2 , C(Ar'')3, C(R 2 )3, Si(Ar'')3, Si(R 2 )3, Ge(Ar'')3, Ge(R 2)3, a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group with 1 to 40 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group with 3 to 40 C atoms or a 5 alkenyl group with 2 to 40 C atoms, each with one or more R groups 2 can be substituted, where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are replaced by -R 2 C=CR 2 -, -C≡C-, Si(R 2 )2, C=O, C=S, C=Se, -C(=O)O-, -O-, -S-, SO or SO2 can be replaced and wherein one or more H atoms can be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br or 10 I, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, each of which is replaced by one or more R groups 2 It can be substituted, in which case two or more residues R can be involved. 1 together form a ring system, in which one or more 15 residues R can be 1with another part of the compound to form a ring system; Ar'' is, in each occurrence, the same or different aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, which is coupled with one or more R groups. 2 can be substituted, whereby two Ar'' residues bonding to the same C atom or Si atom can also be connected by a single bond or a bridge selected from C(R 2 )2, Si(R 2 )2, C=O, C=C(R 2 )2, O, S, S=O and SO2, be bridged together; 25 R 2is selected in each occurrence, either the same or different, from the group consisting of H, D, F, an aliphatic hydrogen carbonate residue with 1 to 20 C atoms, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br or I, and which may be substituted by one or more alkyl groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms each, whereby two or more substituents R 2 together form a ring system; 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 where in the case that W a for a group –C(R a )2- and W b for a group –C(R b )2- stand, the two groups R a and R b each form a ring or at least one of the groups R a with at least one of the groups R b forms a ring, and in the event that W a for a group –C(R a )2- and Wb for an ortho-linked aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, the two group R a form a ring, wherein the compound has no nitrogen, boron or phosphorus atoms, 10 excluding the following compounds: 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 2. Compound according to claim 1, characterized in that the compound 15 corresponds to one of the following formulas (II) to (IV), 20 25 30 where the symbols R, R a , R b , R c , R d , V and M have the 35 meanings mentioned in claim 1 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 3. Compound according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the compound corresponds to one of the following formulas (II-1) to (IV-2), 5 10 15 20 25 30 Formula (III-2) Formula (III-3) 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 where the symbols R, R 1 , R a , R b , R c , R d and M have the meanings mentioned in claim 1.

4. Compound according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the compound corresponds to one of the following formulas (II-1a) to (IV-2a), 20 25 30 Formula (II-4a) Formula (II-1b) Formula (II-2b) 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 Formula (IV-2a) 30 where the symbols R, R 1 , R a , R b , R c , R d and M have the meanings mentioned in claim 1 and for the further symbols the following applies: A represents a mono- or polycyclic cycloalkyl group with 5 to 40 C atoms, which is separated by two R groups a and the carbon atom 35 is formed, to which the two residues R a bind; Foreignfiling_text P24-094 B represents a mono- or polycyclic cycloalkyl group with 5 to 40 carbon atoms, separated by two R groups. b and is formed from the carbon atom, to which the two R groups are attached. b bind; Y represents a straight-chain alkylene group with 3 to 15 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkylene group with 4 to 40 C atoms, each with one or more R groups. 1 can be substituted with something other than H and which is replaced by a residue R a and a remainder R b is formed; and Z is independent of C, Si, or Ge in each occurrence.

5. Compound according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the group W a and / or W b form a ring of formulas (RC-1) to (RC-14) containing two residues R a and / or R b together with the C atom to which the two R groups are attached a and / or R bbind, form a ring of formulas (RC-1) to (RC-14), or ring A and / or B is chosen from structures of formulas (RC-1) to (RC-14) 15 20 25 30 Formula (RC-4) Formula (RC-5) Formula (RC-6) 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 Formula (RC-7) Formula (RC-8) Formula (RC-9) 10 15 Formula (RC-10) Formula (RC-11) Formula (RC-12) 20 Formula (RC-13) Formula (RC-14) 25 where R 1 the meaning set out in claim 1, the dashed bonds represent the bonding sites to the oxygen atom and the respective group, and the other symbols have the following meanings: r is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; s is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8; t is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10; v is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12; z is, in each instance, the same or different from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 or 16. Foreignfiling_text P24-094 6. Compound according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a residue R a and a remainder R b form a ring and together form a group of the formula -(CR 1 2) m - represent and / or the group Y in claim 4 a group of the formula -(CR 1 2) m - represents, where m is an integer in the range of 1 to 6 and 5 R 1 the meaning mentioned in claim 1.

7. Compound according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the residues R c and R d together form a group of the formula (Cy-1), (Cy-2) or (Cy-3) 10 15 (Cy-1) (Cy-2) (Cy-3) where the dashed bonds represent the attachment sites to the residue M, R and R 1 which has the meaning set out in claim 1 and 20 applies to the further symbols: V 1stands for a bond, a straight-chain alkylene group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkylene group with 3 to 40 carbon atoms, each with one or more R groups 1 25 may be non-H substituted or an ortho-linked aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, coupled with one or more R groups 1 can be substituted with something other than H; 30 W c stands for a group –C(R e )2-, or an ortho-linked aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted with one or more R-non-H substituents; 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 W d stands for a group –C(R f )2-, or an ortho-linked aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted with one or more R-non-H substituents; 5 R eis the same or different in each occurrence H, D, a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 40 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 40 C atoms, which is linked to one or more R groups 1 can be substituted in a way that is not equal to H, whereby two residues R can be used. e together or a remainder R e with a remainder R f form a 10-ring; R f H, D, a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 20 carbon atoms, which is linked to one or more R groups, is the same or different in each occurrence. 1 can be substituted in a way that is not equal to H, whereby two residues R can be used. f together or a remainder R f with a remainder R e form a ring. 20 8. Compound according to claim 7, characterized in that the compound corresponds to one of the following formulas (V) to (X), 25 30 Formula (V) Formula (VI) Formula (VII) 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 Formula (X) where the symbols R, R a , R b , V and M have the 20 meanings mentioned in claim 1 and the symbols V 1 , W c and W d the meanings mentioned in claim 7.

9. Compound according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the compound corresponds to one of the following formulas (V-1) to (VII-4), 25 30 Formula (V-1) Formula (V-2) Formula (V-3) 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 Formula (VII-3) Formula (VII-4) where the symbols R 1 , R, R a , R b and M have the meanings mentioned in claim 1 and the symbols V 1 , W c and W dthe meanings mentioned in claim 7. 25 10. Compound according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the residues R c and R d together form a group of formulas (CyC-1) to (CyC-9) and / or the residues V 1 , W c and W d together with the oxygen atoms to which the W c and W d If necessary, bind 30, forming a group of formulas (CyC-1) to (CyC-9) 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 10 15 20 25 30 where the dashed bonds represent the attachment points to the remainder M, the symbols R and R 1 which has the meaning set out in claim 1 and the symbols R e and R f which have the 35 meanings mentioned in claim 7. Foreignfiling_text P24-094 11. Compound according to one or more of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the compound corresponds to one of the following formulas (VIII-1) to (IX-4), 5 10 15 20 25 Formula (VIII-4) Formula (VIII-5) Formula (VIII-6) 30 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 - 218 - 1 2 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 - 219 - Foreignfiling_text P24-094 Formula (IX-3) Formula (IX-4) where the symbols R, R 1 , R a , R b and M have the meanings mentioned in claim 1 and the symbols R e and R f the meanings mentioned in claim 7. 5 12. Compound according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that at least one of the residue R c and / or R dThe alkyl group is selected, whether the same or different at each occurrence, from a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 25 carbon atoms, each of which may be substituted with one or more R-substituents other than H.

13. Oligomer, polymer, or dendrimer containing one or more compounds according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein, instead of a hydrogen atom or a substituent, one or more bonds of the compounds to the polymer, oligomer, or dendrimer are present.

14. Formulation containing at least one compound according to formula (I), 20 25 Formula (I) wherein the symbols have the meaning specified in claim 1 or an oligomer, polymer or dendrimer according to claim 13 and at least one further compound, wherein the further compound is preferably 30 selected from one or more solvents.

15. Composition comprising at least one compound according to formula (I), 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 5 Formula (I) wherein the symbols have the meaning specified in claim 1, or an oligomer, polymer, or dendrimer according to claim 13 and at least 10 a further compound selected from the group consisting of fluorescent emitters, phosphorescent emitters, emitters exhibiting TADF, host materials, electron transport materials, electron injection materials, hole guide materials, hole injection materials, electron blocking materials, and 15 hole blocking materials.

16. Method for preparing a compound according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that a halogen-silicon compound or a halogen-germanium compound is reacted with a 20 dihydroxy compound.

17. Use of a compound according to Formula (I) 25 Formula (I) 30 wherein the symbols have the meaning specified in claim 1, or an oligomer, polymer or dendrimer according to claim 13 in an electronic device. 35 Foreignfiling_text P24-094 18. Electronic device containing at least one connection according to formula (I), 5 Formula (I) 10 wherein the symbols have the meaning specified in claim 1, or an oligomer, polymer or dendrimer according to claim 13. 15 20 25 30 35

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