Communication method, communication device, communication system, storage medium and program product

Abstract

The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a communication method, a communication device, a communication system, a storage medium and a program product. The communication method can be executed by a first node. The method comprises: receiving a plurality of continuous wave (CW) pilot signals, wherein the plurality of CW pilot signals are transmitted by a second node on a plurality of frequency points and are backscattered by a third node to a first node; and performing measurement on the plurality of CW pilot signals, wherein the measurement is used for determining one or more first frequency points from among the plurality of frequency points, and the one or more first frequency points are used by the second node to transmit a CW signal. In the present disclosure, a first node performs measurement on a plurality of CW pilot signals transmitted by a second node on a plurality of frequency points, so as to determine, from among the plurality of frequency points, a first frequency point for transmitting a CW, thereby improving the CW transmission quality.

Description

Communication methods, communication equipment, communication systems, storage media and software products Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a communication method, communication device, communication system, storage medium, and program product. Background Technology

[0002] Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) is a type of Internet of Things (IoT). Compared to cellular-based narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) devices, AIoT devices are less complex, less expensive, and have lower maintenance costs. Ambient-IoT devices use backscattering technology for communication.

[0003] Summary of the Invention

[0004] In the backscatter communication process of AIoT devices, the continuous wave node (CWN) needs to provide the AIoT device with continuous electromagnetic waves (CW) for backscattering. Therefore, how to select a suitable frequency point for CW transmission is an urgent problem to be solved.

[0005] This disclosure provides a communication method, communication device, communication system, storage medium, and program product.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a communication method is proposed, performed by a first node, the method comprising: receiving a plurality of continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) pilot signals, wherein the plurality of CW pilot signals are transmitted by a second node at a plurality of frequency points and backscattered to the first node via a third node; and measuring the plurality of CW pilot signals, the measurement being used to determine a first frequency point from the plurality of frequency points, the first frequency point being used by the second node to transmit CW signals.

[0007] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a communication method is proposed, executed by a third node, the method comprising: receiving continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) pilot signals transmitted by a second node at multiple frequency points; backscattering the multiple CW pilot signals to a first node; wherein the CW pilot signals are used by the first node to perform measurements, the measurements being used to determine one or more first frequency points from the multiple frequency points, and the one or more first frequency points being used by the second node to transmit CW signals.

[0008] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a communication method is proposed, executed by a fourth node, the method comprising: receiving first information; determining one or more first frequency points from a plurality of frequency points based on the first information; the first information being determined by the first node through measurement of a plurality of received continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) pilot signals, the plurality of CW pilot signals being transmitted by a second node at the plurality of frequency points and backscattered to the first node via a third node, the one or more first frequency points being used by the second node to transmit CW signals.

[0009] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a communication method is provided, performed by a second node, the method comprising: transmitting continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) pilot signals at multiple frequency points, wherein the multiple CW pilot signals are backscattered to a first node via a third node; the first node is used to measure the multiple CW pilot signals, the measurement being used to determine one or more first frequency points from the multiple frequency points, the one or more first frequency points being used by the second node to transmit CW signals.

[0010] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a communication device is provided, comprising: a first transceiver module configured to receive a plurality of continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) pilot signals, wherein the plurality of CW pilot signals are transmitted by a second node at a plurality of frequency points and backscattered to a first node via a third node; and a first processing module configured to measure the plurality of CW pilot signals, the measurement being used to determine one or more first frequency points from the plurality of frequency points, the one or more first frequency points being used by the second node to transmit CW signals.

[0011] According to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a communication device is provided, comprising: a second transceiver module configured to receive continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) pilot signals transmitted by a second node at multiple frequency points; and backscattering the multiple CW pilot signals to a first node; wherein the CW pilot signals are used by the first node for measurement, the measurement is used to determine one or more first frequency points from the multiple frequency points, and the one or more first frequency points are used by the second node to transmit CW signals.

[0012] According to a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, a communication device is provided, comprising: a third transceiver module configured to receive first information; and a second processing module configured to determine one or more first frequency points from a plurality of frequency points based on the first information; wherein the first information is determined by a first node by measuring a plurality of received continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) pilot signals, the plurality of CW pilot signals being transmitted by a second node at the plurality of frequency points and backscattered to the first node via a third node, and the one or more first frequency points being used by the second node to transmit CW signals.

[0013] According to an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, a communication device is provided, comprising: a fourth transceiver module configured to transmit continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) pilot signals at multiple frequency points, wherein the multiple CW pilot signals are backscattered to a first node via a third node; the first node is configured to measure the multiple CW pilot signals, the measurement being used to determine one or more first frequency points from the multiple frequency points, and the one or more first frequency points being used by a second node to transmit CW signals.

[0014] According to a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, a communication device is provided, comprising: one or more processors; wherein the communication device is configured to perform a communication method as described in any of the first to fourth aspects.

[0015] According to a tenth aspect of the present disclosure, a communication system is proposed, including a first node, a second node, a third node, and a fourth node; the first node is configured to implement the communication method as described in the first aspect; the third node is configured to implement the communication method as described in the second aspect; the fourth node is configured to implement the communication method as described in the third aspect; and the second node is configured to implement the communication method as described in the fourth aspect.

[0016] According to an eleventh aspect of the present disclosure, a storage medium is provided that stores instructions, which, when executed on a communication device, cause the communication device to perform a communication method as described in any of the first to fourth aspects.

[0017] According to a twelfth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the communication method described in any one of the first to fourth aspects.

[0018] According to a thirteenth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program is provided that includes code, which, when executed by a processor, implements the communication method described in any one of the first to fourth aspects.

[0019] According to a fourteenth aspect of the present disclosure, a chip or chip system is provided. The chip or chip system includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is configured to perform the communication method as described in any one of the first to fourth aspects.

[0020] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the first node measures multiple CW pilot signals transmitted by the second node at multiple frequency points to determine a first frequency point for CW transmission from the multiple frequency points, thereby improving the CW transmission quality. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings required for the description of the embodiments are introduced below. The following drawings are only some embodiments of this disclosure and do not impose specific limitations on the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0022] Figure 1A is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 1B is a schematic diagram of the AIoT architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 1C is a first timing diagram illustrating the downlink transmission process, measurement process, and uplink transmission process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 1D is a second timing diagram illustrating the downlink transmission process, measurement process, and uplink transmission process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 2A is a schematic diagram of a first interaction of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 2B is a second interactive schematic diagram of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 2C is a third interactive schematic diagram of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 3A is a schematic flowchart illustrating a communication method performed by a first node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 3B is a schematic flowchart illustrating a communication method performed by a second node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 3C is a schematic flowchart illustrating a third node performing a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] Figure 3D is a schematic flowchart illustrating a communication method performed by a fourth node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] Figure 4A is a schematic flowchart illustrating another method for a first node to perform a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] Figure 4B is a schematic flowchart illustrating another method for a second node to perform a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 4C is a schematic flowchart illustrating another method for a third node to perform a communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] Figure 4D is a schematic flowchart illustrating another method for a fourth node to perform communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figures 5A to 5D are schematic diagrams of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of another structure of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a chip structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0040] This disclosure provides a communication method, communication device, communication system, storage medium, and program product.

[0041] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure propose a communication method executed by a first node, the method comprising: receiving a plurality of continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) pilot signals, wherein the plurality of CW pilot signals are transmitted by a second node at a plurality of frequency points and backscattered to the first node via a third node; measuring the plurality of CW pilot signals, the measurement being used to determine one or more first frequency points from the plurality of frequency points, the one or more first frequency points being used by the second node to transmit CW signals.

[0042] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the first node measures multiple CW pilot signals transmitted by the second node at multiple frequency points to determine a first frequency point for CW transmission from the multiple frequency points, thereby improving the CW transmission quality.

[0043] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the CW signal is used for uplink transmission of the third node.

[0044] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the first node is a CW node, an uplink receiving node, or a downlink transmitting node.

[0045] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the second node is a CW node.

[0046] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the first node used to perform the measurement and the second node used to transmit the CW pilot signal can be the same entity or different entities. This allows for measurement scenarios that can be either single-station or dual-station, making the measurement process more flexible.

[0047] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes: sending first information to a fourth node based on the measurement results of the measurement, the first information being used to determine one or more first frequency points.

[0048] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the fourth node is a CW node, an uplink receiving node, or a downlink transmitting node.

[0049] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the first node used to perform the measurement and the fourth node used to determine the first frequency point can be the same entity or different entities. Thus, the process of obtaining the first frequency point can involve only one entity or multiple entities, which is highly flexible and has a wide range of applications.

[0050] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node before the uplink transmission of the third node, and the uplink transmission of the third node is based on the CW signals.

[0051] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node in response to the downlink transmission of the third node, and the downlink transmission of the third node triggers the uplink transmission of the third node.

[0052] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the measurement process can be performed after each downlink transmission and before each uplink transmission, so as to determine the first frequency point of the transmitted CW signal in real time, ensuring the real-time performance and effectiveness of the first frequency point, thereby improving the quality of uplink transmission.

[0053] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by a second node in response to a first command sent by a downlink transmitting node, the first command being used to trigger measurements.

[0054] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the measurement process can be triggered by a first instruction specifically designed to trigger the measurement, and the first frequency point determined therefrom can be used for subsequent uplink transmissions, saving signaling and resources.

[0055] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the frequency domain positions of multiple frequency points are determined by a first node and / or a second node.

[0056] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are continuously transmitted by a second node during a transmission period, with a first duration interval between the transmission period and the downlink transmission period of a third node.

[0057] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the start time of the transmission period and the end time of the transmission period are spaced apart by a first duration, or the end time of the transmission period and the end time of the transmission period are spaced apart by a second duration, the second duration being the sum of the first duration and the duration of the transmission period.

[0058] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are continuously transmitted by a second node during a transmission period, and the duration of the transmission period for each CW pilot signal is pre-configured or indicated by a second instruction sent by a downlink transmitting node.

[0059] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the transmit power of each CW pilot signal among multiple CW pilot signals is known at the first node.

[0060] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the transmit power of multiple CW pilot signals is equal.

[0061] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are modulated by a third node using the same modulation scheme.

[0062] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure propose a communication method executed by a third node, the method comprising: receiving continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) pilot signals transmitted by a second node at multiple frequency points; backscattering the multiple CW pilot signals to a first node; wherein the CW pilot signals are used by the first node for measurement, the measurement is used to determine one or more first frequency points from the multiple frequency points, and the one or more first frequency points are used by the second node to transmit CW signals.

[0063] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the CW signal is used for uplink transmission of the third node.

[0064] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the first node is a CW node, an uplink receiving node, or a downlink transmitting node.

[0065] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the second node is a CW node.

[0066] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are modulated by a third node using the same modulation scheme.

[0067] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node before the uplink transmission of the third node, and the uplink transmission of the third node is based on the CW signals.

[0068] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node in response to the downlink transmission of the third node, and the downlink transmission of the third node triggers the uplink transmission of the third node.

[0069] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node in response to a first command sent by the downlink transmitting node, the first command being used to trigger measurements.

[0070] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the frequency domain positions of multiple frequency points are determined by a first node and / or a second node.

[0071] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are continuously transmitted by the second node during a transmission period, with a first duration interval between the transmission period and the downlink transmission period of the third node.

[0072] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the start time of the transmission period and the end time of the transmission period are spaced apart by a first duration, or the end time of the transmission period and the end time of the transmission period are spaced apart by a second duration, the second duration being the sum of the first duration and the duration of the transmission period.

[0073] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are continuously transmitted by a second node during a transmission period, and the duration of the transmission period for each CW pilot signal is pre-configured or indicated by a second instruction sent by a downlink transmitting node.

[0074] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the transmit power of each CW pilot signal is known at the first node among multiple CW pilot signals.

[0075] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the transmit power of multiple CW pilot signals is equal.

[0076] Thirdly, this disclosure provides a communication method executed by a fourth node, the method comprising: receiving first information;

[0077] Based on the first information, one or more first frequency points are determined from multiple frequency points; the first information is determined by the first node through measurement of multiple received continuous electromagnetic wave CW pilot signals, the multiple CW pilot signals are emitted by the second node at multiple frequency points and backscattered to the first node via the third node, and the one or more first frequency points are used by the second node to emit CW signals.

[0078] In conjunction with some embodiments of the third aspect, in some embodiments, the CW signal is used for uplink transmission of the third node.

[0079] In conjunction with some embodiments of the third aspect, in some embodiments, the first node is a CW node, an uplink receiving node, or a downlink transmitting node.

[0080] In conjunction with some embodiments of the third aspect, in some embodiments, the second node is a CW node.

[0081] In conjunction with some embodiments of the third aspect, in some embodiments, the fourth node is a CW node, an uplink receiving node, or a downlink transmitting node.

[0082] In conjunction with some embodiments of the third aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes: sending second information to a second node based on first information, the second information being used to indicate one or more first frequency points.

[0083] In conjunction with some embodiments of the third aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node before the uplink transmission of the third node, and the uplink transmission of the third node is based on the CW signals.

[0084] In conjunction with some embodiments of the third aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node in response to the downlink transmission of the third node, and the downlink transmission of the third node triggers the uplink transmission of the third node.

[0085] In conjunction with some embodiments of the third aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node in response to a first command sent by the downlink transmitting node, the first command being used to trigger measurements.

[0086] In conjunction with some embodiments of the third aspect, in some embodiments, the frequency domain positions of multiple frequency points are determined by the first node and / or the second node.

[0087] In conjunction with some embodiments of the third aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are continuously transmitted by the second node during a transmission period, with a first duration interval between the transmission period and the downlink transmission period of the third node.

[0088] In conjunction with some embodiments of the third aspect, in some embodiments, the start time of the transmission period and the end time of the transmission period are spaced apart by a first duration, or the end time of the transmission period and the end time of the transmission period are spaced apart by a second duration, the second duration being the sum of the first duration and the duration of the transmission period.

[0089] In conjunction with some embodiments of the third aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are continuously transmitted by a second node during a transmission period, and the duration of the transmission period for each CW pilot signal is pre-configured or indicated by a second instruction sent by a downlink transmitting node.

[0090] In conjunction with some embodiments of the third aspect, in some embodiments, the transmit power of each CW pilot signal is known at the first node among multiple CW pilot signals.

[0091] In conjunction with some embodiments of the third aspect, in some embodiments, the transmit power of the CW pilot signals is equal.

[0092] In conjunction with some embodiments of the third aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are modulated by a third node using the same modulation scheme.

[0093] Fourthly, embodiments of this disclosure propose a communication method executed by a second node, the method comprising: transmitting continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) pilot signals at multiple frequency points, wherein the multiple CW pilot signals are backscattered to a first node via a third node; the first node is used to measure the multiple CW pilot signals, the measurement being used to determine one or more first frequency points from the multiple frequency points, and the one or more first frequency points being used by the second node to transmit CW signals.

[0094] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the CW signal is used for uplink transmission of the third node.

[0095] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the first node is a CW node, an uplink receiving node, or a downlink transmitting node.

[0096] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the second node is a CW node.

[0097] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fourth aspect, in some embodiments the method further includes transmitting a CW signal at one or more first frequency points.

[0098] In some embodiments of the fourth aspect, the method further includes: receiving second information, the second information being used to indicate one or more first frequency points, the one or more first frequency points being determined by the fourth node based on the received first information, the first information being sent by the first node.

[0099] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the fourth node is an uplink receiving node or a downlink transmitting node.

[0100] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node before the uplink transmission of the third node, and the uplink transmission of the third node is based on the CW signals.

[0101] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node in response to the downlink transmission of the third node, and the downlink transmission of the third node triggers the uplink transmission of the third node.

[0102] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node in response to a first command sent by the downlink transmitting node, the first command being used to trigger measurements.

[0103] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the frequency domain positions of multiple frequency points are determined by a first node and / or a second node.

[0104] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are continuously transmitted by the second node during a transmission period, with a first duration between the transmission period and the downlink transmission period of the third node.

[0105] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the start time of the transmission period and the end time of the transmission period are spaced apart by a first duration, or the end time of the transmission period and the end time of the transmission period are spaced apart by a second duration, the second duration being the sum of the first duration and the duration of the transmission period.

[0106] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are continuously transmitted by a second node during a transmission period, the duration of the transmission period for each CW pilot signal being pre-configured or indicated by a second instruction sent by a downlink transmitting node.

[0107] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the transmit power of each CW pilot signal is known at the first node among multiple CW pilot signals.

[0108] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the transmit power of multiple CW pilot signals is equal.

[0109] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are modulated by a third node using the same modulation scheme.

[0110] Fifthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication device, comprising: a first transceiver module configured to receive a plurality of continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) pilot signals, wherein the plurality of CW pilot signals are transmitted by a second node at a plurality of frequency points and backscattered to a first node via a third node; and a first processing module configured to measure the plurality of CW pilot signals, the measurement being used to determine one or more first frequency points from the plurality of frequency points, the one or more first frequency points being used by the second node to transmit CW signals.

[0111] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, the CW signal is used for uplink transmission of the third node.

[0112] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, the first node is a CW node, an uplink receiving node, or a downlink transmitting node.

[0113] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, the second node is a CW node.

[0114] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, the first transceiver module is further configured to send first information to the fourth node based on the measurement results of the measurement, the first information being used to determine one or more first frequency points.

[0115] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, the fourth node is a CW node, an uplink receiving node, or a downlink transmitting node.

[0116] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node before the uplink transmission of the third node, the uplink transmission of the third node being based on the CW signals.

[0117] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node in response to the downlink transmission of the third node, and the downlink transmission of the third node triggers the uplink transmission of the third node.

[0118] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node in response to a fifth instruction sent by the downlink transmitting node, the first instruction being used to trigger the measurement.

[0119] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, the frequency domain positions of multiple frequency points are determined by a first node and / or a second node.

[0120] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are continuously transmitted by the second node during a transmission period, with a first duration between the transmission period and the downlink transmission period of the third node.

[0121] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, the start time of the transmission period and the end time of the transmission period are spaced apart by a first duration, or the end time of the transmission period and the end time of the transmission period are spaced apart by a second duration, the second duration being the sum of the first duration and the duration of the transmission period.

[0122] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are continuously transmitted by a second node during a transmission period, the duration of the transmission period for each CW pilot signal being pre-configured or indicated by a second instruction sent by a downlink transmitting node.

[0123] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, the transmit power of each CW pilot signal is known at the first node among multiple CW pilot signals.

[0124] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, the transmit power of the multiple CW pilot signals is equal.

[0125] In conjunction with some embodiments of the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are modulated by a third node using the same modulation scheme.

[0126] In a sixth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication device, comprising: a second transceiver module configured to receive continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) pilot signals transmitted by a second node at multiple frequency points; and to backscatter the multiple CW pilot signals to a first node; wherein the CW pilot signals are used by the first node for measurement, the measurement is used to determine one or more first frequency points from the multiple frequency points, and the one or more first frequency points are used by the second node to transmit CW signals.

[0127] In conjunction with some embodiments of the sixth aspect, in some embodiments, the CW signal is used for uplink transmission of the third node.

[0128] In conjunction with some embodiments of the sixth aspect, in some embodiments, the first node is a CW node, an uplink receiving node, or a downlink transmitting node.

[0129] In conjunction with some embodiments of the sixth aspect, in some embodiments, the second node is a CW node.

[0130] In conjunction with some embodiments of the sixth aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are modulated by a third node using the same modulation scheme.

[0131] In conjunction with some embodiments of the sixth aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node before the uplink transmission of the third node, the uplink transmission of the third node being based on the CW signals.

[0132] In conjunction with some embodiments of the sixth aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node in response to the downlink transmission of the third node, and the downlink transmission of the third node triggers the uplink transmission of the third node.

[0133] In conjunction with some embodiments of the sixth aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by a second node in response to a first command sent by a downlink transmitting node, the first command being used to trigger measurements.

[0134] In conjunction with some embodiments of the sixth aspect, in some embodiments, the frequency domain positions of multiple frequency points are determined by a first node and / or a second node.

[0135] In conjunction with some embodiments of the sixth aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are continuously transmitted by the second node during a transmission period, with a first duration interval between the transmission period and the downlink transmission period of the third node.

[0136] In conjunction with some embodiments of the sixth aspect, in some embodiments, the start time of the transmission period and the end time of the transmission period are spaced apart by a first duration, or the end time of the transmission period and the end time of the transmission period are spaced apart by a second duration, the second duration being the sum of the first duration and the duration of the transmission period.

[0137] In conjunction with some embodiments of the sixth aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are continuously transmitted by a second node during a transmission period, the duration of the transmission period for each CW pilot signal being pre-configured or indicated by a second instruction sent by a downlink transmitting node.

[0138] In conjunction with some embodiments of the sixth aspect, in some embodiments, the transmit power of each CW pilot signal among multiple CW pilot signals is known at the first node.

[0139] In conjunction with some embodiments of the sixth aspect, in some embodiments, the transmit power of multiple CW pilot signals is equal.

[0140] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication device, comprising: a third transceiver module configured to receive first information; and a second processing module configured to determine one or more first frequency points from a plurality of frequency points based on the first information; the first information is determined by a first node through measurement of a plurality of received continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) pilot signals, the plurality of CW pilot signals being transmitted by a second node at the plurality of frequency points and backscattered to the first node via a third node, and the one or more first frequency points being used by the second node to transmit CW signals.

[0141] In conjunction with some embodiments of the seventh aspect, in some embodiments, the CW signal is used for uplink transmission of the third node.

[0142] In conjunction with some embodiments of the seventh aspect, in some embodiments, the first node is a CW node, an uplink receiving node, or a downlink transmitting node.

[0143] In conjunction with some embodiments of the seventh aspect, in some embodiments, the second node is a CW node.

[0144] In conjunction with some embodiments of the seventh aspect, in some embodiments, the fourth node is a CW node, an uplink receiving node, or a downlink transmitting node.

[0145] In conjunction with some embodiments of the seventh aspect, in some embodiments, the third transceiver module is further configured to send second information to the second node based on the first information, the second information being used to indicate one or more first frequency points.

[0146] In conjunction with some embodiments of the seventh aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node before the uplink transmission of the third node, the uplink transmission of the third node being based on the CW signals.

[0147] In conjunction with some embodiments of the seventh aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node in response to the downlink transmission of the third node, and the downlink transmission of the third node triggers the uplink transmission of the third node.

[0148] In conjunction with some embodiments of the seventh aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by a second node in response to a first command sent by a downlink transmitting node, the first command being used to trigger measurements.

[0149] In conjunction with some embodiments of the seventh aspect, in some embodiments, the frequency domain positions of multiple frequency points are determined by the first node and / or the second node.

[0150] In conjunction with some embodiments of the seventh aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are continuously transmitted by the second node during a transmission period, with a first duration between the transmission period and the downlink transmission period of the third node.

[0151] In conjunction with some embodiments of the seventh aspect, in some embodiments, the start time of the transmission period and the end time of the transmission period are spaced apart by a first duration, or the end time of the transmission period and the end time of the transmission period are spaced apart by a second duration, the second duration being the sum of the first duration and the duration of the transmission period.

[0152] In conjunction with some embodiments of the seventh aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are continuously transmitted by a second node during a transmission period, the duration of the transmission period for each CW pilot signal being pre-configured or indicated by a second instruction sent by a downlink transmitting node.

[0153] In conjunction with some embodiments of the seventh aspect, in some embodiments, the transmit power of each CW pilot signal is known at the first node among a plurality of CW pilot signals.

[0154] In conjunction with some embodiments of the seventh aspect, in some embodiments, the transmit power of the CW pilot signals is equal.

[0155] In conjunction with some embodiments of the seventh aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are modulated by a third node using the same modulation scheme.

[0156] Eighthly, this disclosure provides a communication device comprising: a fourth transceiver module configured to transmit continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) pilot signals at multiple frequency points, wherein the multiple CW pilot signals are backscattered to a first node via a third node; the first node is configured to measure the multiple CW pilot signals, the measurement being used to determine one or more first frequency points from the multiple frequency points, and the one or more first frequency points being used by a second node to transmit CW signals.

[0157] In conjunction with some embodiments of the eighth aspect, in some embodiments, the CW signal is used for uplink transmission of the third node.

[0158] In conjunction with some embodiments of the eighth aspect, in some embodiments, the first node is a CW node, an uplink receiving node, or a downlink transmitting node.

[0159] In conjunction with some embodiments of the eighth aspect, in some embodiments, the second node is a CW node.

[0160] In conjunction with some embodiments of the eighth aspect, in some embodiments, the fourth transceiver module is further configured to transmit CW signals at one or more first frequency points.

[0161] In conjunction with some embodiments of the eighth aspect, in some embodiments, the fourth transceiver module is further configured to receive second information, the second information being used to indicate one or more first frequency points, the one or more first frequency points being determined by the fourth node based on the received first information, the first information being sent by the first node.

[0162] In conjunction with some embodiments of the eighth aspect, in some embodiments, the fourth node is an uplink receiving node or a downlink transmitting node.

[0163] In conjunction with some embodiments of the eighth aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node before the uplink transmission of the third node, the uplink transmission of the third node being based on the CW signals.

[0164] In conjunction with some embodiments of the eighth aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node in response to the downlink transmission of the third node, and the downlink transmission of the third node triggers the uplink transmission of the third node.

[0165] In conjunction with some embodiments of the eighth aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by a second node in response to a first command sent by a downlink transmitting node, the first command being used to trigger measurements.

[0166] In conjunction with some embodiments of the eighth aspect, in some embodiments, the frequency domain positions of multiple frequency points are determined by a first node and / or a second node.

[0167] In conjunction with some embodiments of the eighth aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are continuously transmitted by the second node during a transmission period, with a first duration between the transmission period and the downlink transmission period of the third node.

[0168] In conjunction with some embodiments of the eighth aspect, in some embodiments, the start time of the transmission period and the end time of the transmission period are spaced apart by a first duration, or the end time of the transmission period and the end time of the transmission period are spaced apart by a second duration, the second duration being the sum of the first duration and the duration of the transmission period.

[0169] In conjunction with some embodiments of the eighth aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are continuously transmitted by a second node during a transmission period, the duration of the transmission period for each CW pilot signal being pre-configured or indicated by a second instruction sent by a downlink transmitting node.

[0170] In conjunction with some embodiments of the eighth aspect, in some embodiments, the transmit power of each CW pilot signal is known at the first node among a plurality of CW pilot signals.

[0171] In conjunction with some embodiments of the eighth aspect, in some embodiments, the transmit power of the plurality of CW pilot signals is equal.

[0172] In conjunction with some embodiments of the eighth aspect, in some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are modulated by a third node using the same modulation scheme.

[0173] In a ninth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication device, comprising: one or more processors; wherein the communication device is configured to perform a communication method as described in any of the first to fourth aspects.

[0174] In a tenth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication system comprising: a first node, a second node, a third node, and a fourth node; the first node is configured to implement the communication method as described in the first aspect; the third node is configured to implement the communication method as described in the second aspect; the fourth node is configured to implement the communication method as described in the third aspect; and the second node is configured to implement the communication method as described in the fourth aspect.

[0175] Eleventhly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a communication device, cause the communication device to perform a communication method as described in any of the first to fourth aspects.

[0176] In a twelfth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a program product that, when executed by a communication device, causes the communication device to perform a communication method as described in any of the first to fourth aspects.

[0177] In a thirteenth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the method as described in an optional implementation of any of the first to fourth aspects.

[0178] In a fourteenth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a chip or chip system. The chip or chip system includes processing circuitry configured to perform the method described according to an optional implementation of any of the first to fourth aspects.

[0179] It is understood that the aforementioned communication devices, communication systems, storage media, program products, computer programs, chips, or chip systems are all used to execute the methods proposed in the embodiments of this disclosure. Therefore, the beneficial effects they can achieve can be referred to the beneficial effects in the corresponding methods, and will not be repeated here.

[0180] This disclosure provides a communication method, a communication device, a communication system, a storage medium, and a program product. In some embodiments, the terms "communication method," "information processing method," "measurement method," "frequency selection method," and "CW transmission method" can be used interchangeably, as can the terms "information processing system," "communication system," and "measurement system."

[0181] This disclosure is not exhaustive, but merely illustrative of some embodiments, and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this disclosure. Unless otherwise specified, each step in a particular embodiment can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the steps can be arbitrarily combined. For example, a solution after removing some steps in a particular embodiment can also be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the order of the steps in a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily interchanged. Furthermore, the optional implementation methods in a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily combined; moreover, the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, for example, some or all steps of different embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily combined with the optional implementation methods of other embodiments.

[0182] In each of the disclosed embodiments, unless otherwise specified or in case of logical conflict, the terminology and / or descriptions of the embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. Technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments based on their inherent logical relationships.

[0183] The terminology used in the embodiments of this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure.

[0184] In this embodiment of the disclosure, unless otherwise stated, elements expressed in the singular form, such as "a," "an," "the," "the," "the," "the," "the," "the," "this," etc., can mean "one and only one," or "one or more," "at least one," etc. For example, when using articles such as "a," "an," "the," etc. in translation, the noun following the article can be understood as either a singular expression or a plural expression.

[0185] In the embodiments of this disclosure, "multiple" refers to two or more.

[0186] In some embodiments, the terms “at least one of”, “one or more”, “a plurality of”, “multiple”, etc., may be used interchangeably.

[0187] In some embodiments, the notation "at least one of A and B", "A and / or B", "A in one case, B in another", "in response to one case A, in response to another case B", etc., may include the following technical solutions depending on the situation: in some embodiments, A (execute A regardless of B); in some embodiments, B (execute B regardless of A); in some embodiments, execution is selected from A and B (A and B are selectively executed); in some embodiments, both A and B are executed. The same applies when there are more branches such as A, B, C, etc.

[0188] In some embodiments, the notation "A or B" may include the following technical solutions, depending on the situation: in some embodiments, A (execution of A regardless of B); in some embodiments, B (execution of B regardless of A); in some embodiments, execution is selected from A and B (A and B are selectively executed). The same applies when there are more branches such as A, B, C, etc.

[0189] The prefixes "first," "second," etc., used in the embodiments of this disclosure are merely for distinguishing different descriptive objects and do not impose restrictions on the position, order, priority, quantity, or content of the descriptive objects. The description of the descriptive objects is found in the claims or the context of the embodiments, and the use of prefixes should not constitute unnecessary restrictions. For example, if the descriptive object is a "field," the ordinal numbers preceding "field" in "first field" and "second field" do not restrict the position or order of the "fields." "First" and "second" do not restrict whether the "fields" they modify are in the same message, nor do they restrict the order of "first field" and "second field." Similarly, if the descriptive object is a "level," the ordinal numbers preceding "level" in "first level" and "second level" do not restrict the priority between "levels." Furthermore, the number of descriptive objects is not limited by ordinal numbers and can be one or more. For example, in "first device," the number of "devices" can be one or more. Furthermore, the objects modified by different prefixes can be the same or different. For example, if the object being described is "device", then "first device" and "second device" can be the same device or different devices, and their types can be the same or different. Similarly, if the object being described is "information", then "first information" and "second information" can be the same information or different information, and their content can be the same or different.

[0190] In some embodiments, “including A,” “containing A,” “for indicating A,” and “carrying A” can be interpreted as directly carrying A or indirectly indicating A.

[0191] In some embodiments, the terms “in response to…”, “in response to determining…”, “in the case of…”, “when…”, “if…”, “if…”, etc., can be used interchangeably.

[0192] In some embodiments, the terms “greater than,” “greater than or equal to,” “not less than,” “more than,” “more than or equal to,” “not less than,” “higher than,” “higher than or equal to,” “not lower than,” and “above” can be used interchangeably, as can the terms “less than,” “less than or equal to,” “not greater than,” “less than,” “less than or equal to,” “not more than,” “lower than,” “lower than or equal to,” “not higher than,” and “below”.

[0193] In some embodiments, devices, etc., can be interpreted as physical or virtual, and their names are not limited to the names recorded in the embodiments. Terms such as “device”, “equipment”, “circuit”, “network element”, “node”, “function”, “unit”, “section”, “system”, “network”, “chip”, “chip system”, “entity”, and “subject” can be used interchangeably.

[0194] In some embodiments, "network" can be interpreted as devices included in a network (e.g., access network devices, core network devices, etc.).

[0195] In some embodiments, the terms "network devices", "access network device (AN device)", "radio access network device (RAN device)", "base station (BS)", "radio base station", "fixed station", "node", "access network node", "access point", "transmission point (TP)", "reception point (RP)", "transmission / reception point (TRP)", "panel", "antenna panel", "antenna array", "cell", "macro cell", "small cell", "femtocell", "pico cell", "sector", "cell group", "serving cell", "carrier", "component carrier", and "bandwidth part (BWP)" can be used interchangeably.

[0196] In some embodiments, the terms "terminal", "terminal device", "user equipment (UE)", "user terminal", "mobile station (MS)", "mobile terminal (MT)", "subscriber station", "mobile unit", "subscriber unit", "wireless unit", "remote unit", "mobile device", "wireless device", "wireless communication device", "remote device", "mobile subscriber station", "access terminal", "mobile terminal", "wireless terminal", "remote terminal", "handset", "user agent", "mobile client", and "client" can be used interchangeably.

[0197] In some embodiments, access network devices, core network devices, or network devices can be replaced by terminals. For example, embodiments of this disclosure can also be applied to structures where communication between access network devices, core network devices, or network devices and terminals is replaced by communication between multiple terminals (e.g., device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), etc.). In this case, the structure can also be configured such that the terminal has all or part of the functions of the access network device. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" can be replaced with terms corresponding to communication between terminals (e.g., "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., can be replaced with sidelink channel, and uplink link, downlink, etc., can be replaced with sidelink link.

[0198] In some embodiments, the terminal may be replaced by an access network device, a core network device, or a network device. In this case, the access network device, core network device, or network device may also be configured to have all or some of the functions of the terminal.

[0199] In some embodiments, the acquisition of data, information, etc., may comply with the laws and regulations of the country where the location is situated.

[0200] In some embodiments, data, information, etc., may be obtained with the user's consent.

[0201] Furthermore, each element, each row, or each column in the table of this disclosure can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and any combination of any element, any row, or any column can also be implemented as an independent embodiment.

[0202] Figure 1A is a schematic diagram of an architecture of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 1A, the communication system 100 includes: a first node 101, a second node 102, a third node 103, and a fourth node 104.

[0203] In some embodiments, the first node is used to measure CW pilot signals transmitted at multiple frequency points.

[0204] In some embodiments, the name of the first node is not limited, and may be, for example, "measurement node", "CWN", "uplink receiving node (URN)", "uplink receiver (UR)", "receiving node", "uplink signal node (USN)", "downlink sending node (DSN)", "downlink sender (DS)", "transmitting node", "downlink signal node (DSN)", etc.

[0205] In some embodiments, the second node is used to transmit CW signals or CW pilot signals.

[0206] In some embodiments, the name of the second node is not limited, and may be, for example, “CW transmitter node”, “CWN”, “transmitter node”, etc.

[0207] In some embodiments, the third node is used to backscatter the received signal.

[0208] In some embodiments, the name of the third node is not limited, and may be, for example, "backscattering node", "backscattering device", "AIoT device", "AIoT terminal", etc.

[0209] In some embodiments, the fourth node is used to determine a first frequency point from a plurality of frequency points. The first frequency point is used to transmit CW signals.

[0210] In some embodiments, the name of the fourth node is not limited, and may be, for example, "decision node", "selection node", "CWN", "URN", "UR", "USN", "receive node", "downlink sending node (DSN)", "DS", "sending node", "downlink signal node (DSN)", etc.

[0211] In some embodiments, the first node, second node, third node, and fourth node may be a terminal or a network device.

[0212] In some embodiments, the functions of the first node, second node, third node, and fourth node described above can be carried in one device or in multiple devices, with each device having the functions of one or more of the nodes described above.

[0213] In some embodiments, the terminal includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: mobile phone, wearable device, Internet of Things device, car with communication function, smart car, tablet computer, computer with wireless transceiver function, virtual reality (VR) terminal device, augmented reality (AR) terminal device, wireless terminal device in industrial control, wireless terminal device in self-driving, wireless terminal device in remote medical surgery, wireless terminal device in smart grid, wireless terminal device in transportation safety, wireless terminal device in smart city, and wireless terminal device in smart home.

[0214] In some embodiments, network devices may include access network devices and / or core network devices. Access network devices are, for example, nodes or devices that connect terminals to a wireless network. Access network devices may include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following: evolved NodeB (eNB), next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), next-generation NodeB (gNB), node B (NB), home node B (HNB), home evolved node B (HeNB), wireless backhaul device, radio network controller (RNC), base station controller (BSC), base transceiver station (BTS), base band unit (BBU), mobile switching center, base station in a 6G communication system, open RAN, cloud RAN, base station in other communication systems, and access node in a Wi-Fi system.

[0215] In some embodiments, the technical solutions of this disclosure can be applied to the Open RAN architecture. In this case, the interfaces between or within network devices involved in the embodiments of this disclosure can be transformed into internal interfaces of Open RAN. The processes and information interactions between these internal interfaces can be implemented by software or programs.

[0216] In some embodiments, the access network device may be composed of a central unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU). The CU may also be called a control unit. The CU-DU structure can separate the protocol layer of the network device. Some of the protocol layer functions are centrally controlled by the CU, while the remaining part or all of the protocol layer functions are distributed in the DU and centrally controlled by the CU. However, this is not the only possibility.

[0217] In some embodiments, the core network equipment may be a single device including a first network element, or it may be multiple devices or a group of devices, each including a first network element. Network elements may be virtual or physical. The core network may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), or a Next Generation Core (NGC).

[0218] It is understood that the communication system described in this disclosure is for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of this disclosure, and does not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in this disclosure. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of system architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided in this disclosure are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0219] The following embodiments of this disclosure can be applied to the communication system 100 shown in FIG1A, or to some of the main bodies, but are not limited thereto. The main bodies shown in FIG1A are illustrative. The communication system may include all or some of the main bodies in FIG1A, or it may include other main bodies outside of FIG1A. The number and form of each main body are arbitrary. The connection relationship between the main bodies is illustrative. The main bodies may not be connected or may be connected. The connection can be in any way, it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection, it can be a wired connection or a wireless connection.

[0220] The embodiments disclosed herein can be applied to Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G new radio (NR), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), and IEEE 802.20, Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Bluetooth (a registered trademark), Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) networks, Device-to-Device (D2D) systems, Machine-to-Machine (M2M) systems, Internet of Things (IoT) systems, Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) systems, systems utilizing other communication methods, and next-generation systems built upon them, etc. Furthermore, multiple systems can be combined (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A with 5G).

[0221] The following is an explanation and interpretation of the terminology used in this disclosure.

[0222] I. AIoT Devices (referred to as devices):

[0223] The device may be powered by receiving CW signals without batteries, or it may have a battery with a small amount of electrical storage capacity, but the battery does not need to be manually charged. Instead, it can obtain battery energy by acquiring external electromagnetic waves, heat energy, kinetic energy, etc.

[0224] The device uses backscatter technology for communication. Backscatter communication utilizes the principle of backscattering radio frequency signals to design an extremely low-power modulation and transmission technology. In backscatter communication, the radio frequency signal is received by the device, and the internal circuitry modulates the information to be transmitted onto the incident electromagnetic wave using methods such as load impedance modulation. The modulated electromagnetic wave carrying the information is then transmitted. Various modulation methods can be used, such as amplitude shift keying (ASK), frequency shift keying (FSK), and phase shift keying (PSK).

[0225] For devices using backscatter communication, a CWN (Constant Wave Network) is required to provide the CW for reflection while transmitting data. The CW is typically of constant amplitude. The workflow of a device using backscatter communication is as follows: the network sends a downlink command to the device; upon receiving the downlink command, the device sends a corresponding response to the network or performs a corresponding operation. However, while transmitting data, the device requires a CWN to provide the CW for reflection.

[0226] Different types of AIoT devices may differ in any aspect, such as their operating methods, power acquisition, and storage capacity. Types of AIoT devices include:

[0227] Type 1: Type 1 devices cannot generate or amplify signals independently, but have a certain energy storage capacity.

[0228] Type 2a: Type 2a devices cannot generate signals independently, but can use stored energy to amplify reflected signals, and have energy storage capabilities.

[0229] Type 2b: Type 2b devices can generate signals independently and have energy storage capabilities.

[0230] Of the three terminal types mentioned above, Type 2b devices are the most powerful but also the most expensive. Type 1 devices are the least powerful but also the least expensive. Type 1 and Type 2a devices can only operate using backscatter and cannot actively transmit signals; therefore, they require other nodes to provide signal transmission (CW) as energy input. Type 2b devices can actively generate signals within their own circuitry using energy storage, thus eliminating the need for CW.

[0231] II. Nodes in AIoT:

[0232] In AIoT, there are a total of four types of links: Link 1 for transmitting downlink information, Link 2 for receiving uplink information, Link 3 for sending CW signals, and Link 4 for sending charging signals. The four nodes involved in these four links can be the same node or multiple separate nodes.

[0233] Figure 1B is a schematic diagram of the AIoT architecture shown in this disclosure. As shown in Figure 1B, the DSN is used to send downlink information, the UR is used to receive uplink information, the CWN is used to send CW, and the energy source node (ESN) is used to provide energy. The energy harvesting link (link 4) in Figure 1B may be network-controlled. For example, the network can control the ESN to turn on or off to charge the device. This energy can come from electromagnetic waves or non-electromagnetic waves. In this case, it can be assumed that the ESN can better coordinate with network scheduling and other functions, so as to ensure device charging while minimizing the impact on device communication. However, it is also possible that the ESN is not network-controlled, or that the device can flexibly harvest energy on its own according to its own capabilities and the energy sources in the actual environment, such as harvesting electromagnetic wave or non-electromagnetic wave energy that is not controlled by the network, without a specific ESN. In this case, link 4 can be considered non-existent.

[0234] CWN transmission to devices can be based on a single tone or multiple tones. A single tone can be an unmodulated carrier or a carrier with a narrow bandwidth. The advantage of transmitting on multiple tones is that it can combat the effects of frequency-selective fading.

[0235] In CWN multi-frequency transmission scenarios, how to select the appropriate frequency for CW transmission is an urgent problem to be solved.

[0236] This disclosure provides a communication method, communication device, communication system, storage medium, and program product, which considers measuring multiple CW pilot signals transmitted at multiple frequency points to determine a first frequency point for CW transmission from the multiple frequency points, thereby improving CW transmission quality.

[0237] The devices in this disclosure are not limited to AIoT devices, but can also be devices that perform backscatter communication in other systems or other networks.

[0238] In some embodiments, the communication system includes a DSN, a CWN, a UR, and a device.

[0239] In some embodiments, the first node is a CWN, the second node is a CWN, the third node is a device, and the fourth node is a CWN. In this case, the transmitting and receiving nodes of the CW are the same node, i.e., a mono-station scenario. The CWN transmits and receives independently, and performs measurements and determines the first frequency point based on the measurement results.

[0240] In some embodiments, the first node is the UR, the second node is the CWN, the third node is the device, and the fourth node is the UR. In this case, the transmitting and receiving nodes of the CW are different nodes, i.e., a bi-station scenario. The CWN transmits, the UR receives, and the UR performs measurements and determines a first frequency point based on the measurement results. The UR then indicates the first frequency point to the CWN.

[0241] In some embodiments, the first node is the UR, the second node is the CWN, the third node is the device, and the fourth node is the CWN. In this case, the transmitting and receiving nodes of the CWN are different nodes, i.e., a dual-site scenario. The CWN transmits, the UR receives, and the UR performs measurements and sends the measurement results to the CWN. The CWN determines the first frequency point based on the measurement results.

[0242] In some embodiments, the first node is the UR, the second node is the CWN, the third node is the device, and the fourth node is the DSN. In this case, the transmitting and receiving nodes of the CWN are different nodes, i.e., a dual-site scenario. The CWN transmits, the UR receives, and the UR performs measurements. The UR sends the measurement results to the DSN, the DSN determines the first frequency point based on the measurement results, and the DSN indicates the first frequency point to the CWN.

[0243] In some embodiments, the first node is a DSN, the second node is a CWN, the third node is a device, and the fourth node is a DSN. In this case, the transmitting and receiving nodes of the CWN are different nodes, i.e., a dual-site scenario. The CWN transmits, the DSN receives, and the DSN performs measurements and determines a first frequency point based on the measurement results. The DSN then indicates the first frequency point to the CWN.

[0244] In some embodiments, the first node is a DSN, the second node is a CWN, the third node is a device, and the fourth node is a UR. In this case, the transmitting and receiving nodes of the CWN are different nodes, i.e., a dual-site scenario. The CWN transmits, the DSN receives, and the DSN performs measurements and sends the measurement results to the UR. The UR determines a first frequency point based on the measurement results and indicates the first frequency point to the CWN.

[0245] In some embodiments, the first node is a DSN, the second node is a CWN, the third node is a device, and the fourth node is a CWN. In this case, the transmitting and receiving nodes of the CWN are different nodes, i.e., a dual-site scenario. The CWN transmits, the DSN receives, and the DSN performs measurements and sends the measurement results to the CWN. The CWN determines the first frequency point based on the measurement results.

[0246] In some embodiments, the process of the first node performing measurements can be controlled by the network. The process of the second node transmitting CW signals or CW pilot signals can be controlled by the network. The process of the third node backscattering the received signals can be controlled by the network. The process of the fourth node determining a first frequency point from multiple frequency points can be controlled by the network.

[0247] In some embodiments, the first node, second node, third node, and fourth node can communicate directly or indirectly through an intermediate node. For example, an intermediate node is a device.

[0248] In some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node before the uplink transmission of the third node.

[0249] In some embodiments, the above measurements are performed before uplink transmission.

[0250] In some embodiments, FIG1C is a first timing diagram between the downlink transmission process, the measurement process, and the uplink transmission process. As shown in FIG1C, multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node in response to the downlink transmission of the third node, and the downlink transmission of the third node triggers the uplink transmission of the third node.

[0251] In some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted after a downlink transmission and before an uplink transmission associated with that downlink transmission.

[0252] In some embodiments, the above measurements are performed after a downlink transmission and before an uplink transmission associated with that downlink transmission.

[0253] In some embodiments, measurements are performed on multiple frequency points after each downlink transmission and before each uplink transmission to determine a first frequency point for transmitting the CW signal from among the multiple frequency points. In this way, the CWN can transmit the CW signal on the first frequency point so that the device can perform uplink transmission based on the CW signal of the first frequency point.

[0254] In some embodiments, Figure 1D is a second timing diagram illustrating the relationship between the downlink transmission process, the measurement process, and the uplink transmission process. As shown in Figure 1D, multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node in response to a first command sent by the downlink transmitting node, which is used to trigger the measurement.

[0255] In some embodiments, the first instruction sent by the downlink transmitting node is used to trigger the transmission and measurement of multiple CW pilot signals to determine a first frequency point. Thus, in subsequent uplink transmissions, the CWN can directly transmit CW signals based on the first frequency point, enabling the device to perform uplink transmissions based on the CW signals of the first frequency point.

[0256] Figure 2A is a schematic diagram of a first interaction of a communication method provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 2A, the present disclosure relates to a communication method. Executed by a communication system 100, the communication method includes steps S2101 to S2107.

[0257] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the measurement and CW transmission process is illustrated using the example of a first node being a CWN, a second node being a CWN, a third node being a device, and a fourth node being a CWN.

[0258] In step S2101, the DSN sends a downlink signal.

[0259] In some embodiments, the device receives downlink signals.

[0260] In some embodiments, the CWN listens for or receives downlink signals.

[0261] In some embodiments, the CWN can directly receive or listen to the downlink signal, or it can listen to or receive the downlink signal through the device's backscattering. That is, the device backscatters the received downlink signal to the CWN.

[0262] In some embodiments, the downlink signal is used to trigger the CWN to transmit CW pilot signals at multiple frequency points.

[0263] In some embodiments, the downlink signal is also used to trigger the CWN to measure the CW signal or CW pilot signal at multiple frequency points.

[0264] In some embodiments, the downlink signal is further used to trigger the CWN to determine a first frequency from a plurality of frequency points. The first frequency is used by the CWN to transmit CW signals.

[0265] In some embodiments, the downlink signal is used for downlink transmission of the device.

[0266] In some embodiments, the downlink signal is used to trigger the device to generate an uplink signal, which is used for uplink transmission by the device.

[0267] In some embodiments, the downlink signal in the above embodiments can also be replaced by downlink transmission, DSN-to-device transmission, R2D transmission (reader-to-device, R2D), etc. For example, downlink transmission is used to trigger CWN to transmit CW pilot signals at multiple frequency points. For example, downlink transmission is also used to trigger CWN to measure CW signals or CW pilot signals at multiple frequency points. For example, downlink transmission is also used to trigger CWN to determine a first frequency point from multiple frequency points. For example, downlink transmission is used to trigger the device to generate an uplink signal. For example, downlink transmission is used to trigger the device's uplink transmission. In some embodiments, R2D transmission can be DSN-to-device transmission.

[0268] In some embodiments, the device may send a third instruction to the CWN based on the received downlink signal.

[0269] In some embodiments, the third instruction is used to trigger the CWN to transmit CW pilot signals at multiple frequency points. In some embodiments, the third instruction is also used to trigger the CWN to measure the CW signals or CW pilot signals at multiple frequency points. In some embodiments, the third instruction is also used to trigger the CWN to determine a first frequency point from the multiple frequency points.

[0270] In some embodiments, the name of the third instruction is not limited, and it may be, for example, "launch instruction", "measurement instruction", "selection instruction", etc.

[0271] In some embodiments, the DSN may also send a first instruction to trigger steps S2102 to S2105.

[0272] In step S2102, CWN transmits CW pilot signals at multiple frequency points.

[0273] In some embodiments, the device receives multiple CW pilot signals when the frequency domain locations of multiple frequency points are unknown. In some embodiments, the device does not distinguish one or more frequency points of the CW pilot signals in the frequency domain; the device only needs to passively backscatter all received CW pilot signals. Therefore, the device may not know which frequency points the CW pilot signals or CW signals occupy.

[0274] In some embodiments, where the device knows the frequency domain locations of multiple frequency points, the device receives CW pilot signals at multiple frequency points.

[0275] In some embodiments, the names of the multiple frequency points are not limited, and may be, for example, "multiple candidate frequency points", "multiple candidate frequencies", "multiple candidate carriers", "multiple frequencies", "multiple carriers", etc.

[0276] In some embodiments, the multiple frequency points may be unmodulated carriers or carriers with narrow bandwidth.

[0277] In some embodiments, the frequency domain locations of multiple frequency points can be pre-configured, for example, as defined by the protocol.

[0278] In some embodiments, the frequency domain locations of multiple frequency points can also be determined by CWN. In one example, CWN determines the frequency domain locations of multiple frequency points based on a historical measurement process. In another example, CWN determines the frequency domain locations of multiple frequency points based on multiple historically determined first frequency points.

[0279] In some embodiments, the frequency domain locations of multiple frequency points can also be indicated by the DSN. In one example, the DSN sends a fourth instruction to indicate the frequency domain information of multiple CW pilot signals, the frequency domain information including at least one of the following: the number of frequency points transmitting CW pilot signals, and the frequency domain location of the frequency points transmitting CW pilot signals.

[0280] In some embodiments, the time-domain information of the multiple CW pilot signals can be pre-configured, determined by the CWN based on its own implementation, or indicated by the DSN. In one example, the DSN sends a second instruction to indicate the time-domain information of the multiple CW pilot signals.

[0281] In some embodiments, the time-domain information of the CW pilot signal includes at least one of the following: transmission period, transmission duration, transmission start time, and transmission end time.

[0282] In some embodiments, the device is aware of the time-domain information of multiple CW pilot signals. In other words, the CWN and the device have a unified understanding of the time-domain information of the multiple CW pilot signals. This facilitates the device to receive the multiple CW pilot signals based on the time-domain information and perform related processing.

[0283] In some embodiments, when the CWN determines the time-domain information of multiple CW pilot signals on its own, the CWN informs the device of the time-domain information of the multiple CW pilot signals.

[0284] In some embodiments, when the DSN indicates time-domain information of multiple CW pilot signals, the device can receive or listen to the time-domain information, and the CWN can also receive or listen to the time-domain information. In this case, the device and the CWN have a consistent understanding of the time-domain information.

[0285] In some embodiments, multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted consecutively by the CWN during a transmission period. In one example, the start and end times of transmitting multiple CW pilot signals within a transmission period can be the same. In this case, the start time of transmitting each CW pilot signal can be the start time of the transmission period, and the end time of transmitting each CW pilot signal can be the end time of the transmission period. In another example, the end time of transmitting the previous CW pilot signal and the start time of transmitting the next CW pilot signal within a transmission period can be the same. In this case, the transmission of each CW pilot signal can occupy a separate period of time. The start time of transmitting the first CW pilot signal can be the start time of the transmission period, and the end time of transmitting the last CW pilot signal can be the end time of the transmission period.

[0286] In some embodiments, a first duration is spaced between the transmission period and the downlink transmission period.

[0287] In some embodiments, a first duration is spaced between the start time of the transmission period and the end time of the transmission period. In one example, the transmission period of the CW pilot signal is later than the transmission period of the downlink transmission, so the start time of the transmission period of the CW pilot signal is the time elapsed after the end time of the downlink transmission period and the first duration.

[0288] In some embodiments, a second duration is spaced between the end time of the transmission period and the end time of the transmission period, the second duration being the sum of the first duration and the duration of the transmission period. In one example, the transmission period of the CW pilot signal is later than the transmission period of the downlink transmission, then the end time of the transmission period of the CW pilot signal is the time elapsed after the end time of the downlink transmission period and the second duration.

[0289] In some embodiments, the first duration can be greater than 0 or equal to 0.

[0290] In some embodiments, within a first duration, CWN can determine at least one of the frequency domain locations of multiple frequency points, time domain information of multiple CW pilot signals, and transmit power of multiple CW pilot signals.

[0291] In some embodiments, within a certain time period, the device can decode the instructions sent by the DSN to obtain time-domain information of multiple CW pilot signals and prepare for subsequent corresponding operations. In one example, the operation includes at least one of the following: backscattering, modulation, sending instructions, etc.

[0292] In some embodiments, the transmit power of the multiple CW pilot signals may be equal or unequal.

[0293] In some embodiments, the transmit power of the multiple CW pilot signals may be defined by the protocol, determined by the CWN based on its own implementation, or indicated by the DSN.

[0294] In some embodiments, the CWN that transmits multiple CW pilot signals can be one or more.

[0295] In some embodiments, when there are multiple CWNs, each CWN can transmit CW pilot signals at a portion of multiple frequency points to achieve measurement of CW pilot signals at multiple frequency points. In one example, assuming there are 3 CWNs (e.g., CWN-1, CWN-2, CWN-3), and the protocol specifies 5 frequency points (e.g., frequency point 1, frequency point 2, frequency point 3, frequency point 4, frequency point 5), CWN-1 transmits CW pilot signals at frequency points 1 and 2 to achieve measurement of frequency points 1 and 2; CWN-2 transmits CW pilot signals at frequency points 3 and 4 to achieve measurement of frequency points 3 and 4; and CWN-3 transmits CW pilot signals at frequency point 5 to achieve measurement of frequency point 5.

[0296] In step S2103, the device backscatters multiple CW pilot signals.

[0297] In some embodiments, the CWN receives multiple CW pilot signals.

[0298] In some embodiments, the device performs the same backscattering process on multiple CW pilot signals to ensure that the power loss generated during the backscattering process is the same, thereby improving measurement accuracy.

[0299] In some embodiments, the device modulates and backscatters multiple CW pilot signals using the same modulation scheme.

[0300] In some embodiments, the modulation scheme includes at least one of the following: ASK, FSK, PSK, minimum shift keying (MSK), and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM).

[0301] In some embodiments, during the modulation process, the device may modulate a third information of the CW pilot signal onto the CW pilot signal. The third information may be the identification information of the CW pilot signal, the time-domain information of the CW pilot signal, or other information of the CW pilot signal.

[0302] In some embodiments, if a frequency shift occurs during backscattering, the frequency of the CW pilot signal received by the device is different from the frequency of the CW pilot signal backscattered to the CWN. If no frequency shift occurs during backscattering, the frequency of the CW pilot signal received by the device is the same as the frequency of the CW pilot signal backscattered to the CWN.

[0303] In step S2104, CWN measures multiple CW pilot signals and obtains the measurement results.

[0304] In some embodiments, the measurement metrics for measuring multiple CW pilot signals include at least one of the following: received power, power attenuation, bit error rate (BER), block error rate (BLER), and signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR).

[0305] In some embodiments, the number of CWNs used to measure multiple CW pilot signals can be one or more.

[0306] In some embodiments, when there are multiple CWNs, each CWN can measure a portion of the multiple CW pilot signals. In this case, the multiple CWNs performing the measurement can send their measurement results to other CWNs to obtain the measurement results of the multiple CW pilot signals.

[0307] In one example, assume there are 3 CWNs (e.g., CWN-1, CWN-2, CWN-3), and 5 transmitted CW pilot signals (e.g., CW pilot signal 1, CW pilot signal 2, CW pilot signal 3, CW pilot signal 4, CW pilot signal 5). CWN-1 measures CW pilot signal 1 and CW pilot signal 2, CWN-2 measures CW pilot signal 3 and CW pilot signal 4, and CWN-3 measures CW pilot signal 5.

[0308] In some embodiments, step S2104 can be omitted. In this case, the CWN can obtain measurement results measured and saved at historical time points, or it can obtain measurement results from other nodes (e.g., other CWNs, URs, DSNs, etc.).

[0309] In step S2105, CWN determines a first frequency point from multiple frequency points based on the measurement results.

[0310] In some embodiments, the number of first frequency points determined by CWN can be one or more.

[0311] In some embodiments, CWN can determine the frequency point that meets preset conditions among multiple frequency points as the first frequency point.

[0312] In some embodiments, the preset condition may include: the CW pilot signal corresponding to the first frequency point has the maximum received power. In some embodiments, CWN determines the frequency point associated with the CW pilot signal with the maximum received power as the first frequency point.

[0313] In some embodiments, the preset condition may include: the CW pilot signal corresponding to the first frequency point has the minimum power attenuation. In some embodiments, CWN determines the frequency point associated with the CW pilot signal with the minimum power attenuation value as the first frequency point.

[0314] In some embodiments, the preset condition may include: the CW pilot signal corresponding to the first frequency point has the minimum BER. In some embodiments, CWN determines the frequency point associated with the CW pilot signal with the minimum BER as the first frequency point.

[0315] In some embodiments, the preset condition may include: the CW pilot signal corresponding to the first frequency point has the minimum BLER. In some embodiments, CWN determines the frequency point associated with the CW pilot signal with the minimum BLER as the first frequency point.

[0316] In some embodiments, the preset condition may include: the CW pilot signal corresponding to the first frequency point has the maximum SINR. In some embodiments, CWN determines the frequency point associated with the CW pilot signal that has the maximum SINR as the first frequency point.

[0317] In some embodiments, the preset conditions may include: the CW pilot signal corresponding to the first frequency point has a received power within a first range. In some embodiments, CWN determines the frequency point associated with the CW pilot signal whose received power is within the first range as the first frequency point.

[0318] In some embodiments, the preset condition may include: the CW pilot signal corresponding to the first frequency point has a power attenuation within a second range. In some embodiments, CWN determines the frequency point associated with the CW pilot signal whose power attenuation value is within the second range as the first frequency point.

[0319] In some embodiments, the preset conditions may include: the CW pilot signal corresponding to the first frequency point has a BER in the third range. In some embodiments, CWN determines the frequency point associated with the CW pilot signal whose BER is in the third range as the first frequency point.

[0320] In some embodiments, the preset conditions may include: the CW pilot signal corresponding to the first frequency point has a BLER in the fourth range. In some embodiments, CWN determines the frequency point associated with the CW pilot signal whose BLER is in the fourth range as the first frequency point.

[0321] In some embodiments, the preset conditions may include: the CW pilot signal corresponding to the first frequency point has a SINR within the fifth range. In some embodiments, CWN determines the frequency point associated with the CW pilot signal whose SINR is within the fifth range as the first frequency point.

[0322] In some embodiments, the CWN can inform the UR of a determined first frequency point so that the UR can receive the uplink signal at the first frequency point.

[0323] In some embodiments, the CWN may not inform the UR of the first frequency point, in which case the UR needs to try to receive the uplink signal at all frequency points.

[0324] In some embodiments, steps S2102 to S2105 may be omitted, in which case CWN determines the first frequency point based on network indication.

[0325] In step S2106, CWN transmits a CW signal at the first frequency point.

[0326] In some embodiments, the device may receive CW signals when the frequency domain location of the first frequency point is unknown.

[0327] In some embodiments, when the device knows the frequency domain location of the first frequency point, the device receives the CW signal at the first frequency point.

[0328] In some embodiments, CWN transmits CW signals at one or more first frequency points.

[0329] In some embodiments, the CW signal is used for uplink transmission by the device. In some embodiments, the CW signal is used by the device to generate uplink signals.

[0330] In step S2107, the device generates an uplink signal based on the backscattering of the CW signal.

[0331] In some embodiments, the UR receives an uplink signal.

[0332] In some embodiments, the uplink signal is used for uplink transmission of the device. In some embodiments, the name of the uplink transmission of the device is not limited, and it may be, for example, "device-to-UR transmission", "D2R (Device-to-Reader, D2R) transmission", etc. In some embodiments, D2R transmission may be device-to-UR transmission.

[0333] In some embodiments, if the UR knows the frequency domain location of the first frequency point, the UR can receive the uplink signal at the first frequency point. If the UR does not know the frequency domain of the first frequency point, the UR needs to attempt to receive the uplink signal at all frequency points.

[0334] In some embodiments, the frequency of the uplink signal generated by the backscattering of the device may be a first frequency or may not be a first frequency.

[0335] In some embodiments, if a frequency shift occurs during device backscattering, the uplink signal frequency is not the first frequency. If no frequency shift occurs during device backscattering, the uplink signal frequency is the first frequency.

[0336] In this embodiment of the disclosure, after each downlink transmission and before each uplink transmission, the CWN performs measurements on multiple frequency points to determine the first frequency point for transmitting the CW signal from among the multiple frequency points. In this way, the CWN can transmit the CW signal on the first frequency point so that the device can perform uplink transmission based on the CW signal of the first frequency point.

[0337] The communication method involved in the embodiments of this disclosure may include at least one of steps S2101 to S2107. For example, step S2101 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, step S2102 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, step S2103 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, step S2104 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, step S2105 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, step S2106 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, step S2107 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, steps S2101 and S2102 may be combined as a standalone embodiment. For example, steps S2102, S2103, and S2104 may be combined as a standalone embodiment. For example, steps S2102, S2103, and S2105 may be combined as a standalone embodiment. For example, steps S2101, S2106, and S2107 may be combined as a standalone embodiment. For example, steps S2105, S2106, and S2107 can be combined as independent embodiments. However, this is not the only limitation.

[0338] Figure 2B is a second interactive schematic diagram of the communication method provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 2B, the present disclosure relates to a communication method. Executed by a communication system 100, the communication method includes steps S2201 to S2210.

[0339] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the measurement process and CW transmission process are illustrated using the first node as UR, the second node as CWN, the third node as device, and the fourth node as DSN as an example.

[0340] In step S2201, the DSN sends the first instruction.

[0341] In some embodiments, CWN listens for or receives a first instruction.

[0342] In some embodiments, the UR listens for or receives a first instruction.

[0343] In some embodiments, the device receives a first instruction.

[0344] In some embodiments, the CWN or UR can directly receive or listen to the first instruction, or it can receive the first instruction through backscattering of the device. That is, the device backscatters the received first instruction to the CWN or UR.

[0345] In some embodiments, the first instruction is used to instruct the CWN to transmit CW pilot signals at multiple frequency points.

[0346] In some embodiments, the first instruction is further configured to indicate frequency domain information of the CW pilot signal. In some embodiments, the frequency domain information includes at least one of the following: the number of frequency points for transmitting the CW pilot signal, and the frequency domain location of the frequency points for transmitting the CW pilot signal.

[0347] In some embodiments, the first instruction is also used to indicate time-domain information of the CW pilot signal.

[0348] In some embodiments, the first instruction is also used to indicate the total transmit power of a plurality of CW pilot signals.

[0349] In some embodiments, the first instruction is also used to indicate the transmit power of each CW pilot signal.

[0350] In some embodiments, the first instruction is further configured to indicate that the transmit power of the plurality of CW pilot signals is equal.

[0351] In some embodiments, the first instruction is further configured to instruct the device to process the CW pilot signal using a first modulation method.

[0352] In some embodiments, the first instruction is further used to instruct the UR to measure CW signals or CW pilot signals at multiple frequency points.

[0353] In some embodiments, the first instruction is further used to instruct the UR to determine a first frequency point from a plurality of frequency points.

[0354] In some embodiments, the first instruction is also used to indicate measurement parameters.

[0355] In some embodiments, the CWN, the device, and the UR may know the frequency domain information, time domain information, and transmit power of the transmitted CW pilot signal based on a first instruction, so that the CWN, the device, and the UR can reach a consensus on the frequency domain information, time domain information, and transmit power.

[0356] In some embodiments, the process of a device receiving a first instruction from a DSN is the downlink transmission process of the device.

[0357] In some embodiments, the name of the first instruction is not limited, and it may be, for example, "measurement instruction", "launch instruction", etc.

[0358] Other optional implementations of step S2201 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2102 in Figure 2A and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A, which will not be repeated here.

[0359] In step S2202, CWN transmits CW pilot signals at multiple frequency points.

[0360] In some embodiments, the device receives multiple CW pilot signals. In this case, the device is unaware of the frequency domain locations of these multiple frequency points. In some embodiments, the device does not distinguish one or more frequency points of the CW pilot signals in the frequency domain; the device only needs to passively backscatter all received CW pilot signals. Therefore, the device may be unaware of which frequency points the CW pilot signals or CW signals occupy.

[0361] In some embodiments, the device receives CW pilot signals at multiple frequency points. In this case, the device knows the frequency domain locations of the multiple frequency points.

[0362] In some embodiments, if the first instruction does not indicate the frequency domain information of the CW pilot signal, the CWN may determine the frequency domain information of the multiple CW pilot signals to be transmitted based on the protocol, or may determine the frequency domain information of the multiple CW pilot signals on its own, or may negotiate with the UR to determine the frequency domain information of the multiple CW pilot signals, or may the UR determine the frequency domain information of the multiple CW pilot signals and instruct it to the CWN.

[0363] In some embodiments, when the CWN determines the frequency domain information of multiple CW pilot signals on its own, the CWN notifies the UR of the frequency domain information of the CW pilot signals so that the CWN and the UR can reach a consensus on the frequency domain information of the CW pilot signals, which facilitates the UR to receive the CW pilot signals.

[0364] In some embodiments, if the first instruction does not indicate the time-domain information of the CW pilot signal, the CWN may determine the time-domain information of multiple CW pilot signals based on the protocol, or may determine the time-domain information of multiple CW pilot signals on its own, or may negotiate with the UR to determine the time-domain information of multiple CW pilot signals, or may the UR determine the time-domain information of multiple CW pilot signals and indicate it to the CWN.

[0365] In some embodiments, where the CWN determines the time-domain information of multiple CW pilot signals on its own, the CWN notifies the device and UR of the time-domain information of the CW pilot signals so that the CWN, the device and the UR can reach a consensus on the time-domain information of the CW pilot signals.

[0366] In some embodiments, if the first instruction does not specify the transmit power of each CW pilot signal, the CWN may determine the transmit power of each CW pilot signal based on the protocol specifications, or it may determine the transmit power of each CW pilot signal on its own.

[0367] In some embodiments, where the CWN determines the transmit power of each CW pilot signal on its own, the CWN notifies the UR of the transmit power of each CW pilot signal so that the UR can determine the power attenuation value of the CW pilot signal at each frequency point based on the transmit power and the receive power, thereby determining the first frequency point.

[0368] In some embodiments, where the transmit power of each CW pilot signal is known to the UR, the transmit power of each CW pilot signal may be equal or unequal.

[0369] In some embodiments, if the CWN determines that the transmit power of multiple CW pilot signals is equal, the CWN may or may not notify the UR of the specific transmit power value. In other words, in this case, the UR may or may not know the transmit power.

[0370] In some embodiments, where the UR knows that the transmit power of multiple CW pilot signals is equal, but does not know the specific value of the transmit power, the UR can determine the first frequency point based on the received power.

[0371] Other optional implementations of step S2202 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2102 in Figure 2A and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A, which will not be repeated here.

[0372] In step S2203, the device backscatters multiple CW pilot signals.

[0373] In some embodiments, the UR receives CW pilot signals at multiple frequency points.

[0374] Other optional implementations of step S2203 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2103 in Figure 2A and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A, which will not be repeated here.

[0375] In step S2204, UR measures multiple CW pilot signals and obtains the measurement results.

[0376] In some embodiments, the UR used to measure multiple CW pilot signals can be one or more.

[0377] In some embodiments, when there are multiple receivers (URs), each UR can measure a portion of the multiple CW pilot signals. In this case, the multiple URs can send their measurement results to other URs to obtain the measurement results of the multiple CW pilot signals.

[0378] In one example, assume there are two URs (e.g., UR-1, UR-2), and five transmitted CW pilot signals (e.g., CW pilot signal 1, CW pilot signal 2, CW pilot signal 3, CW pilot signal 4, CW pilot signal 5). UR-1 measures CW pilot signal 1 and CW pilot signal 2, and UR-2 measures CW pilot signal 3, CW pilot signal 4, and CW pilot signal 5.

[0379] In some embodiments, step S2204 can be omitted. In this case, the UR can obtain measurement results measured and saved at historical time points, or it can obtain measurement results from other nodes (e.g., other URs, CWNs, DSNs, etc.).

[0380] In some embodiments, the UR can determine a first frequency point based on the measurement results and inform the CWN of the first frequency point. In this case, the UR knows the frequency domain location of the first frequency point.

[0381] Other optional implementations of step S2204 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2104 in Figure 2A and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A, which will not be repeated here.

[0382] In step S2205, UR sends the first information.

[0383] In some embodiments, the DSN receives first information.

[0384] In some embodiments, the first information is used to determine a first frequency point from a plurality of frequency points.

[0385] In some embodiments, the first information is used to indicate the measurement result.

[0386] In step S2206, the DSN determines a first frequency point from multiple frequency points based on the measurement results.

[0387] Other optional implementations of step S2206 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2105 in Figure 2A and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A, which will not be repeated here.

[0388] In step S2207, the DSN sends the second information.

[0389] In some embodiments, CWN receives or listens to second information.

[0390] In some embodiments, the UR receives or listens to second information.

[0391] In some embodiments, the second information indicates the first frequency point.

[0392] In some embodiments, when the UR receives or listens to the second information, the UR knows the frequency domain location of the first frequency point. In this case, the UR can receive the uplink signal at the first frequency point without having to attempt to receive at all frequency points.

[0393] In some embodiments, step S2207 can also be performed by the UR. In this case, steps S2205 and S2206 can be omitted; in other words, the UR determines the first frequency point based on the measurement results and sends the first frequency point to the CWN.

[0394] In step S2208, the DSN sends a downlink signal.

[0395] In some embodiments, the device receives downlink signals.

[0396] In some embodiments, the downlink signal is used for downlink transmission of the device.

[0397] In some embodiments, downlink transmissions are used to trigger uplink transmissions by the device. Downlink transmissions are used to trigger the device to generate an uplink signal.

[0398] In step S2209, CWN transmits a CW signal at the first frequency point.

[0399] Other optional implementations of step S2209 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2106 in Figure 2A and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A, which will not be repeated here.

[0400] In step S2210, the device generates an uplink signal based on the backscattering of the CW signal.

[0401] Other optional implementations of step S2210 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2107 in Figure 2A and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A, which will not be repeated here.

[0402] In this embodiment of the disclosure, a first instruction sent by the DSN triggers the transmission and measurement of multiple CW pilot signals to determine a first frequency point. In this way, during subsequent uplink transmissions, the CWN can directly transmit CW signals based on the first frequency point, enabling the device to perform uplink transmission based on the CW signals of the first frequency point.

[0403] The communication method involved in the embodiments of this disclosure may include at least one of steps S2201 to S2210. For example, step S2201 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, step S2202 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, step S2203 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, step S2204 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, step S2205 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, step S2206 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, step S2207 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, step S2208 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, step S2209 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, step S2210 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, steps S2201 and S2202 may be combined as a standalone embodiment. For example, steps S2202, S2203, and S2204 may be combined as a standalone embodiment. For example, steps S2205, S2206, and S2207 can be combined as independent embodiments. However, this is not the only limitation.

[0404] Figure 2C is a third interactive schematic diagram of the communication method provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 2C, the present disclosure relates to a communication method. Executed by a communication system 100, the communication method includes steps S2301 to S2308.

[0405] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the measurement process and the CW transmission process are illustrated using the first node as UR, the second node as CWN, the third node as the device, and the fourth node as UR.

[0406] In step S2301, the DSN sends a downlink signal.

[0407] Other optional implementations of step S2301 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2101 in Figure 2A and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A, which will not be repeated here.

[0408] In step S2302, CWN transmits CW pilot signals at multiple frequency points.

[0409] Other optional implementations of step S2302 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2102 in Figure 2A and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A, which will not be repeated here.

[0410] In step S2303, the device backscatters multiple CW pilot signals.

[0411] Other optional implementations of step S2303 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2103 in Figure 2A and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A, which will not be repeated here.

[0412] In step S2304, UR measures multiple CW pilot signals and obtains the measurement results.

[0413] Other optional implementations of step S2304 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2204 in Figure 2B and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2B, which will not be repeated here.

[0414] In step S2305, UR determines a first frequency point from multiple frequency points based on the measurement results.

[0415] Other optional implementations of step S2305 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2105 in Figure 2A and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A, which will not be repeated here.

[0416] In step S2306, UR sends the second information.

[0417] Other optional implementations of step S2306 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2207 in Figure 2B, and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2B, which will not be repeated here.

[0418] In step S2307, CWN transmits a CW signal at the first frequency point.

[0419] Other optional implementations of step S2307 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2106 in Figure 2A and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A, which will not be repeated here.

[0420] In step S2308, the device generates an uplink signal based on the backscattering of the CW signal.

[0421] Other optional implementations of step S2308 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2107 in Figure 2A and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A, which will not be repeated here.

[0422] The communication method involved in the embodiments of this disclosure may include at least one of steps S2301 to S2308. For example, step S2301 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, step S2302 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, step S2303 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, step S2304 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, step S2305 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, step S2306 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, step S2307 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, step S2308 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, steps S2301 and S2302 may be combined as a standalone embodiment. For example, steps S2302, S2303, and S2304 may be combined as a standalone embodiment. For example, steps S2302, S2303, and S2305 may be combined as a standalone embodiment. For example, steps S2301, S2306, and S2307 can be combined as independent embodiments. For example, steps S2305, S2306, and S2307 can be combined as independent embodiments. However, this is not the limitation.

[0423] In some embodiments, the terms "CW signal", "CW pilot signal", and "electromagnetic wave signal" can be used interchangeably.

[0424] In some embodiments, the terms "frequency point", "frequency", and "carrier" can be used interchangeably.

[0425] In some embodiments, the names of information, etc., are not limited to the names described in the embodiments. Terms such as "information", "message", "signal", "signaling", "report", "configuration", "indication", "instruction", "command", "channel", "parameter", "domain", "field", "symbol", "symbol", "codebook", "codeword", "codepoint", "bit", "data", "program", and "chip" can be used interchangeably.

[0426] In some embodiments, the terms “carrying,” “including,” “containing,” and “encapsulating” can be used interchangeably.

[0427] In some embodiments, the terms “radio”, “wireless”, “radioaccessnetwork (RAN)”, “accessnetwork (AN)”, and “RAN-based” can be used interchangeably.

[0428] In some embodiments, “get,” “obtain,” “receive,” “transmit,” “bidirectional transmission,” and “send and / or receive” can be used interchangeably and can be interpreted as receiving from other entities, obtaining from protocols, obtaining from higher layers, obtaining through self-processing, or autonomous implementation, among other meanings.

[0429] In some embodiments, terms such as “send,” “transmit,” “report,” “transmit,” “request,” “bidirectional transmission,” “send and / or receive” can be used interchangeably.

[0430] In some embodiments, the terms “issue,” “return,” “feedback,” “response,” and “acknowledgement” can be used interchangeably.

[0431] In some embodiments, terms such as "certain," "preset," "default," "set," "indicated," "a certain," "any," and "first" can be used interchangeably. "Certain A," "preset A," "default A," "set A," "indicated A," "a certain A," "any A," and "first A" can be interpreted as A pre-defined in a protocol or the like, or as A obtained through setting, configuration, or instruction, or as specific A, a certain A, any A, or first A, but are not limited thereto.

[0432] In some embodiments, the determination or judgment can be made by a value represented by 1 bit (0 or 1), or by a true or false value (boolean), or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., a comparison with a predetermined value), but is not limited thereto.

[0433] Figure 3A is a flowchart illustrating the communication method executed by a first node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 3A, the present disclosure relates to a communication method executed by a first node. The communication method includes steps S3101 to S3105.

[0434] In step S3101, a downlink signal is received.

[0435] The optional implementations of step S3101 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2101 in Figure 2A, the optional implementations of step S2301 in Figure 2C, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A, and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2C, which will not be repeated here.

[0436] In step S3102, the first instruction is received.

[0437] The optional implementation of step S3102 can be found in the optional implementation of step S2201 in Figure 2B and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2B, which will not be repeated here.

[0438] In step S3103, multiple CW pilot signals are received.

[0439] The optional implementations of step S3103 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2103 in Figure 2A, step S2203 in Figure 2B, step S2303 in Figure 2C, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2B, and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2C, which will not be repeated here.

[0440] In step S3104, multiple CW pilot signals are measured to obtain measurement results.

[0441] The optional implementations of step S3104 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2104 in Figure 2A, step S2204 in Figure 2B, step S2304 in Figure 2C, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2B, and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2C, which will not be repeated here.

[0442] In step S3105, the first information is sent.

[0443] In some embodiments, the first information may indicate the measurement result.

[0444] In some embodiments, the first information may indicate a first frequency point.

[0445] The optional implementation of step S3105 can be found in the optional implementation of step S2205 in Figure 2B and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2B, which will not be repeated here.

[0446] The communication method involved in the embodiments of this disclosure may include at least one of steps S3101 to S3105. For example, step S3101 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, step S3102 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, step S3103 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, step S3104 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, step S3105 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment. For example, steps S3101 and S3103 may be combined as a standalone embodiment. For example, steps S3102 and S3103 may be combined as a standalone embodiment. For example, steps S3103, S3104, and S3105 may be combined as a standalone embodiment. For example, steps S3104 and S3105 may be combined as a standalone embodiment.

[0447] Figure 3B is a flowchart illustrating the communication method executed by a second node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 3B, the present disclosure relates to a communication method executed by a second node. The communication method includes steps S3201 to S3203.

[0448] In step S3201, CW pilot signals are transmitted at multiple frequency points.

[0449] The optional implementations of step S3201 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2102 in Figure 2A, step S2202 in Figure 2B, step S2302 in Figure 2C, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2B, and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2C, which will not be repeated here.

[0450] In step S3202, the second information is received.

[0451] The optional implementations of step S3202 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2207 in Figure 2B, the optional implementations of step S2306 in Figure 2C, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2B, and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2C, which will not be repeated here.

[0452] In step S3203, a CW signal is transmitted at the first frequency point.

[0453] The optional implementations of step S3203 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2106 in Figure 2A, step S2209 in Figure 2B, step S2307 in Figure 2C, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2B, and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2C, which will not be repeated here.

[0454] Figure 3C is a flowchart illustrating a communication method executed by a third node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 3C, this embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a communication method executed by a third node. The communication method includes steps S3301 to S3304.

[0455] In step S3301, CW pilot signals are received at multiple frequency points.

[0456] The optional implementations of step S3301 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2102 in Figure 2A, step S2202 in Figure 2B, step S2302 in Figure 2C, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2B, and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2C, which will not be repeated here.

[0457] In step S3302, multiple CW pilot signals are backscattered.

[0458] The optional implementations of step S3302 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2103 in Figure 2A, step S2203 in Figure 2B, step S2303 in Figure 2C, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2B, and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2C, which will not be repeated here.

[0459] In step S3303, the CW signal at the first frequency point is received.

[0460] The optional implementations of step S3303 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2106 in Figure 2A, step S2209 in Figure 2B, step S2307 in Figure 2C, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2B, and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2C.

[0461] In step S3304, an uplink signal is generated based on the backscattering of the CW signal.

[0462] The optional implementations of step S3304 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2107 in Figure 2A, step S2210 in Figure 2B, step S2308 in Figure 2C, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2B, and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2C, which will not be repeated here.

[0463] Figure 3D is a flowchart illustrating the communication method executed by a fourth node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 3D, this embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a communication method executed by a fourth node. The communication method includes steps S3401 to S3403.

[0464] In step S3401, the first information is received.

[0465] The optional implementation of step S3401 can be found in the optional implementation of step S2205 in Figure 2B and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2B, which will not be repeated here.

[0466] In step S3402, a first frequency point is determined from multiple frequency points based on the measurement results.

[0467] The optional implementations of step S3402 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2105 in Figure 2A, step S2206 in Figure 2B, step S2305 in Figure 2C, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2B, and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2C, which will not be repeated here.

[0468] In step S3403, the second information is sent.

[0469] The optional implementations of step S3403 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2207 in Figure 2B, the optional implementations of step S2306 in Figure 2C, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2B, and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2C, which will not be repeated here.

[0470] Figure 4A is a flowchart illustrating the execution of a communication method on the first node side according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 4A, the embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a communication method executed by a first node. The communication method includes steps S4101 to S4102.

[0471] In step S4101, multiple CW pilot signals are received.

[0472] The optional implementations of step S4101 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2103 in Figure 2A, step S2203 in Figure 2B, step S2303 in Figure 2C, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2B, and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2C, which will not be repeated here.

[0473] In step S4102, multiple CW pilot signals are measured.

[0474] The optional implementations of step S4102 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2104 in Figure 2A, step S2204 in Figure 2B, step S2304 in Figure 2C, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2B, and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2C, which will not be repeated here.

[0475] Figure 4B is a flowchart illustrating the execution of a communication method on the second node side according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 4B, this embodiment of the disclosure relates to a communication method executed by a second node. The communication method includes step S4201.

[0476] In step S4201, CW pilot signals are transmitted at multiple frequency points.

[0477] The optional implementations of step S4201 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2102 in Figure 2A, step S2202 in Figure 2B, step S2302 in Figure 2C, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2B, and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2C, which will not be repeated here.

[0478] Figure 4C is a flowchart illustrating the execution of a communication method on the third node side according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 4C, this embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a communication method executed by a third node. The communication method includes steps S4301 to S4302.

[0479] In step S4301, the CW pilot signal transmitted by the second node is received at multiple frequency points.

[0480] The optional implementations of step S4301 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2102 in Figure 2A, step S2202 in Figure 2B, step S2302 in Figure 2C, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2B, and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2C, which will not be repeated here.

[0481] In step S4302, multiple CW pilot signals are backscattered to the first node.

[0482] The optional implementations of step S4302 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2103 in Figure 2A, step S2203 in Figure 2B, step S2303 in Figure 2C, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2B, and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2C, which will not be repeated here.

[0483] Figure 4D is a flowchart illustrating the communication method executed by the fourth node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 4D, this embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a communication method executed by the fourth node. The communication method includes steps S4401 to S4402.

[0484] In step S4401, the first information is received.

[0485] In some embodiments, the first information may indicate the measurement result.

[0486] In some embodiments, the first information may indicate a first frequency point.

[0487] The optional implementation of step S4401 can be found in the optional implementation of step S2205 in Figure 2B and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2B, which will not be repeated here.

[0488] In step S4402, the first information is determined from multiple frequency points based on the first information.

[0489] The optional implementations of step S4402 can be found in the optional implementations of step S2105 in Figure 2A, the optional implementations of step S2206 in Figure 2B, the optional implementations of step S2305 in Figure 2C, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A, other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2B, and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2C, which will not be repeated here.

[0490] In the following, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be described by way of specific implementation.

[0491] In some embodiments, CW signals are measured at multiple frequencies, preferably one or more frequencies.

[0492] In some embodiments, a CW pilot signal is introduced during the measurement process.

[0493] In some embodiments, R2D represents a Reader-to-Device transfer, that is, a transfer from the DSN to the device. D2R represents a Device-to-Reader transfer, that is, a transfer from the device to the UR.

[0494] In some embodiments, the CW pilot signal is a CW signal of known power emitted from the CWN, which is backscattered by the device and then received by the UR.

[0495] In some embodiments, the CWN transmits CW pilot signals at multiple frequency points. After the device backscatters these multiple CW pilot signals, the UR receives the CW pilot signals at these multiple frequency points.

[0496] In some embodiments, CWN and UR need to have a consistent understanding of the specific frequency domain locations of the multiple frequency points in order to ensure that UR can receive and measure the signals of the multiple frequency points separately.

[0497] In some embodiments, the frequency domain positions of multiple frequency points can be defined by the protocol. For example, the protocol defines the frequency domain positions of N candidate frequency points, and these N frequency points are the frequency points for transmitting CW pilot signals.

[0498] In some embodiments, the frequency domain locations of multiple frequency points can also be determined by the interaction between CWN and UR through connections between network nodes.

[0499] In some embodiments, since the device does not distinguish one or more frequency points of the CW pilot signal in the frequency domain, the device only needs to passively backscatter all received CW pilot signals. Therefore, the device does not need to know which frequency points the CW pilot signal or the CW signal occupies.

[0500] In some embodiments, the CWN may also transmit the CW pilot signal t only on a subset of the multiple frequency points determined above. This is a CWN implementation issue. When the UR receives the CW pilot signal, it will still receive it on all the frequency points determined above. If there is no CW pilot signal on some frequency points, the UR will not receive the CW pilot signal on those frequency points, and will also have no way to measure those frequency points.

[0501] In some embodiments, the time-domain location of the CW pilot signal needs to be understood consistently among the CWN, the device, and the UR.

[0502] In some embodiments, the timing of CW pilot signal transmission needs to be understood consistently among CWN, device, and UR.

[0503] In some embodiments, the time interval between the start time of transmitting the CW pilot signal and the end time of R2D is T1.

[0504] In some embodiments, T1 can be greater than 0, so that the device can decode the R2D command and prepare for subsequent operations within the T1 time period. In some embodiments, T1 can also be equal to 0.

[0505] In some embodiments, the time interval between the transmission period of the CW pilot signal and the end time of R2D is T2.

[0506] In some embodiments, the time interval between the end time of transmitting the CW pilot signal and the end time of R2D is T3.

[0507] In some embodiments, the transmission duration of the CW pilot signal can be defined by the protocol or indicated by an R2D command.

[0508] In some embodiments, during the transmission period of the CW pilot signal, the CWN transmits the CW pilot signal at multiple frequency points with a transmission power known to the UR.

[0509] In some embodiments, the transmit power of each CW pilot signal can be defined by the protocol or configured by the network.

[0510] In some embodiments, the UR knows the transmit power of each CW pilot signal so that the UR can assess the power attenuation at each frequency point based on the received power.

[0511] In some embodiments, the transmit power of the multiple CW pilot signals is equal. UR can determine the transmit power at each frequency point given the total power and the number of frequency points.

[0512] In some embodiments, the transmit power of the multiple CW pilot signals may also be different, but the UR knows the transmit power at each frequency point. In one example, the CWN informs the UR of the transmit power at each frequency point.

[0513] In some embodiments, during the transmission period of the CW pilot signal, the device performs backscattering of multiple received CW pilot signals in the same format. For example, it performs OOK, PSK, etc., with the same waveform. The emphasis on "same" is because there is power loss during backscattering, and the processing method for multiple frequency points must be the same, so that the power loss of multiple frequency points is also the same.

[0514] In some embodiments, the UR measures the received power of CW pilot signals at multiple frequency points.

[0515] In some embodiments, the UR measures the reception quality (e.g., BLER) of CW pilot signals at multiple frequency points.

[0516] In some embodiments, the UR needs to transmit metrics for evaluating the channel quality at each frequency point to the CWN or DSN.

[0517] In some embodiments, the channel quality metrics for each frequency point may be power attenuation, BLER, SINR, etc.

[0518] In some embodiments, after receiving channel quality metrics from multiple frequency points, the CWN selects one or more suitable frequency points to transmit CW. In this case, the UR cannot know in advance which frequency points the CWN has selected, so the UR must attempt to receive on all of the multiple frequency points.

[0519] In some embodiments, the UR directly instructs the CWN on which one or more frequency points the CW should transmit. In this case, the UR knows in advance which frequency points the CW will be on, so it only needs to receive the signals of the corresponding frequency points.

[0520] In some embodiments, a CW pilot signal is sent before each R2D triggers a D2R transmission.

[0521] In some embodiments, the transmission of the CW pilot signal can also be triggered by an R2D command alone, that is, the transmission of the pilot signal is triggered by an R2D command.

[0522] In some embodiments, the R2D command may also instruct the device to backscatter the CW pilot signal in a specific format.

[0523] In some embodiments, after the DSN obtains the channel quality indicators of multiple frequency points, the DSN can trigger D2R transmission through another R2D command and directly instruct the device to perform CW transmission on one or more frequency points.

[0524] In some embodiments, after obtaining the channel quality of each frequency point through the CW pilot signal, it can be utilized in the selection of frequency points for subsequent multiple D2R transmissions, for example, for scenarios where the channel time-varying nature is slow.

[0525] This disclosure also proposes an apparatus for implementing any of the above methods. For example, a terminal is proposed, which includes units or modules for implementing the steps performed by the terminal in any of the above methods. Furthermore, another network device is proposed, including units or modules for implementing the steps performed by the network device (e.g., access network device, core network functional node, core network device, etc.) in any of the above methods.

[0526] It should be understood that the division of units or modules in the above device is only a logical functional division. In actual implementation, they can be fully or partially integrated into a single physical entity, or they can be physically separated. Furthermore, the units or modules in the device can be implemented by a processor calling software: for example, the device includes a processor connected to a memory containing instructions. The processor calls the instructions stored in the memory to implement any of the above methods or to implement the functions of the units or modules in the above device. The processor can be, for example, a general-purpose processor, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or a microprocessor, and the memory can be internal or external to the device. Alternatively, the units or modules in the device can be implemented in the form of hardware circuits. The functionality of some or all of the units or modules can be achieved through the design of these hardware circuits, which can be understood as one or more processors. For example, in one implementation, the hardware circuit is an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The functionality of some or all of the units or modules is achieved through the design of the logical relationships between the components within the circuit. In another implementation, the hardware circuit can be implemented using a programmable logic device (PLD). Taking a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) as an example, it can include a large number of logic gates. The connection relationships between the logic gates are configured through configuration files, thereby achieving the functionality of some or all of the units or modules. All units or modules of the above device can be implemented entirely through processor-called software, entirely through hardware circuits, or partially through processor-called software with the remaining parts implemented through hardware circuits.

[0527] In this embodiment, the processor is a circuit with signal processing capabilities. In one implementation, the processor can be a circuit with instruction read and execute capabilities, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a graphics processing unit (GPU) (which can be understood as a microprocessor), or a digital signal processor (DSP). In another implementation, the processor can implement certain functions through the logical relationships of hardware circuits. The logical relationships of the aforementioned hardware circuits are fixed or reconfigurable. For example, the processor is a hardware circuit implemented using an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a programmable logic device (PLD), such as an FPGA. In a reconfigurable hardware circuit, the process of the processor loading a configuration document and configuring the hardware circuit can be understood as the process of the processor loading instructions to implement the functions of some or all of the above units or modules. In addition, it can also be hardware circuits designed for artificial intelligence, which can be understood as ASICs, such as Neural Network Processing Units (NPUs), Tensor Processing Units (TPUs), and Deep Learning Processing Units (DPUs).

[0528] Figure 5A is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 5A, the communication device 5100 may include a first transceiver module 5101 and a first processing module 5102. In some embodiments, the first transceiver module 5101 is used to receive multiple continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) pilot signals, wherein the multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by a second node at multiple frequency points and backscattered to the first node via a third node. The first processing module 5102 is used to measure the multiple CW pilot signals, the measurement being used to determine a first frequency point from the multiple frequency points, the first frequency point being used by the second node to transmit CW signals. In some embodiments, the first transceiver module 5101 is used to perform at least one of the communication steps (e.g., steps S3101, S3102, and S3103, but not limited thereto) performed by the first node in any of the above methods, which will not be described in detail here.

[0529] Figure 5B is an exemplary structural diagram of a communication device provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 5B, the communication device 5200 may include a second transceiver module 5201. In some embodiments, the second transceiver module 5201 may be configured to receive continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) pilot signals transmitted by a second node at multiple frequency points; backscatter the multiple CW pilot signals to a first node; wherein the CW pilot signals are used by the first node for measurement, the measurement is used to determine a first frequency point from the multiple frequency points, and the first frequency point is used by the second node to transmit CW signals. In some embodiments, the second transceiver module 5201 may be configured to perform at least one of the communication steps (e.g., steps S3301, S3303, but not limited thereto) performed by a third node in any of the above methods, which will not be described in detail here.

[0530] Figure 5C is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 5C, the communication device 5300 may include: a third transceiver module 5301 and a second processing module 5302. In some embodiments, the third transceiver module 5301 is used to receive first information. The second processing module 5302 is used to determine a first frequency point from multiple frequency points based on the first information; the first information is determined by a first node through measurement of multiple received continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) pilot signals, the multiple CW pilot signals being transmitted by a second node at multiple frequency points and backscattered to the first node via a third node, the first frequency point being used by the second node to transmit CW signals. In some embodiments, the third transceiver module 5301 is used to perform at least one of the communication steps (e.g., S3401, S3403, but not limited thereto) performed by the fourth node in any of the above methods, which will not be described in detail here.

[0531] Figure 5D is an exemplary structural diagram of a communication device provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 5D, the communication device 5400 may include a fourth transceiver module 5401. In some embodiments, the fourth transceiver module 5401 may be configured to transmit continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) pilot signals at multiple frequency points, wherein the multiple CW pilot signals are backscattered to a first node via a third node; the first node is used to measure the multiple CW pilot signals, the measurement being used to determine a first frequency point from the multiple frequency points, and the first frequency point being used by the second node to transmit CW signals. In some embodiments, the fourth transceiver module 5401 may be configured to perform at least one of the communication steps (e.g., steps S3201, S3202, and S3203, but not limited thereto) performed by the second node in any of the above methods, which will not be described in detail here.

[0532] In some embodiments, the transceiver module described above may include a transmitting module and / or a receiving module. The transmitting module and the receiving module may be separate or integrated together. Optionally, the transceiver module described above may be interchangeable with a transceiver.

[0533] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The communication device 6100 can be any one of a first node, a second node, a third node, and a fourth node; it can also be a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the first node in implementing any of the above methods; it can also be a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the second node in implementing any of the above methods; it can also be a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the third node in implementing any of the above methods; and it can also be a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the fourth node in implementing any of the above methods. The communication device 6100 can be used to implement the methods described in the above method embodiments, and specific details can be found in the descriptions in the above method embodiments.

[0534] As shown in Figure 6, the communication device 6100 includes one or more processors 6101. The processor 6101 can be a general-purpose processor or a dedicated processor, such as a baseband processor or a central processing unit (CPU). The baseband processor can be used to process communication protocols and communication data, while the CPU can be used to control communication devices (e.g., base stations, baseband chips, terminal devices, terminal device chips, DUs or CUs, etc.), execute programs, and process program data. Optionally, the communication device 6100 can be used to execute any of the above methods. Optionally, one or more processors 6101 can be used to invoke instructions to cause the communication device 6100 to execute any of the above methods.

[0535] In some embodiments, the communication device 6100 further includes one or more transceivers 6102. When the communication device 6100 includes one or more transceivers 6102, the transceiver 6102 performs at least one of the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving in the above method (e.g., steps S3101, S3201, S3301, S3401, but not limited thereto), and the processor 6101 performs at least one of other steps (e.g., steps S3104, S3402, but not limited thereto). In optional embodiments, the transceiver 6102 may include a receiver and / or a transmitter, which may be separate or integrated together. Optionally, the terms transceiver, transceiver unit, transceiver, transceiver circuit, interface circuit, interface, etc., can be used interchangeably; the terms transmitter, transmitting unit, transmitter, transmitting circuit, etc., can be used interchangeably; and the terms receiver, receiving unit, receiver, receiving circuit, etc., can be used interchangeably.

[0536] In some embodiments, the communication device 6100 further includes one or more memories 6103 for storing data. Optionally, all or part of the memories 6103 may be located outside the communication device 6100. In optional embodiments, the communication device 6100 may include one or more interface circuits 6104. Optionally, the interface circuits 6104 are connected to the memories 6103 and can be used to receive data from the memories 6103 or other devices, and to send data to the memories 6103 or other devices. For example, the interface circuits 6104 can read data stored in the memories 6103 and send that data to the processor 6101.

[0537] The communication device 6100 described in the above embodiments may be a network device or a terminal, but the scope of the communication device 6100 described in this disclosure is not limited thereto, and the structure of the communication device 6100 may not be limited by FIG. 6. The communication device may be a standalone device or a part of a larger device. For example, the communication device may be: (1) a standalone integrated circuit IC, or chip, or chip system or subsystem; (2) a collection of one or more ICs, optionally, the IC collection may also include storage components for storing data and programs; (3) an ASIC, such as a modem; (4) a module that can be embedded in other devices; (5) a receiver, terminal device, smart terminal device, cellular phone, wireless device, handheld device, mobile unit, vehicle device, network device, cloud device, artificial intelligence device, etc.; (6) others, etc.

[0538] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a chip provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For cases where the communication device 6100 can be a chip or a chip system, please refer to the schematic diagram of the chip 7100 shown in Figure 7, but it is not limited thereto.

[0539] Chip 7100 includes one or more processors 7101. Chip 7100 is used to perform any of the above methods.

[0540] In some embodiments, chip 7100 further includes one or more interface circuits 7102. Optionally, terms such as interface circuit, interface, and transceiver pin can be used interchangeably. In some embodiments, chip 7100 further includes one or more memories 7103 for storing data. Optionally, all or part of the memories 7103 may be located outside chip 7100. Optionally, interface circuit 7102 is connected to memory 7103, and interface circuit 7102 can be used to receive data from memory 7103 or other devices, and interface circuit 7102 can be used to send data to memory 7103 or other devices. For example, interface circuit 7102 can read data stored in memory 7103 and send the data to processor 7101.

[0541] In some embodiments, the interface circuit 7102 performs at least one of the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving in the above-described method (e.g., steps S3101, S3201, S3301, and S3401, but not limited thereto). The interface circuit 7102 performing the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving in the above-described method refers, for example, to the interface circuit 7102 performing data interaction between the processor 7101, the chip 7100, the memory 7103, or the transceiver device. In some embodiments, the processor 7101 performs at least one of other steps (e.g., steps S3104 and S3402, but not limited thereto).

[0542] The modules and / or devices described in the various embodiments, such as virtual devices, physical devices, and chips, can be combined or separated arbitrarily as needed. Optionally, some or all steps can also be performed collaboratively by multiple modules and / or devices, which is not limited here.

[0543] This disclosure also proposes a storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a communication device 6100, cause the communication device 6100 to perform any of the methods described above. Optionally, the storage medium is an electronic storage medium. Optionally, the storage medium is a computer-readable storage medium, but not limited thereto; it may also be a storage medium readable by other devices. Optionally, the storage medium may be a non-transitory storage medium, but not limited thereto; it may also be a temporary storage medium.

[0544] This disclosure also provides a program product that, when executed by a communication device 6100, causes the communication device 6100 to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, the program product is a computer program product.

[0545] This disclosure also proposes a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform any of the above methods.

[0546] Other embodiments of the invention will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This disclosure is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention that follow the general principles of the invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of the invention are indicated by the following claims.

[0547] It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A communication method, executed by a first node, the method comprising: Receive multiple continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) pilot signals, wherein the multiple CW pilot signals are emitted by the second node at multiple frequency points and backscattered to the first node via the third node; The plurality of CW pilot signals are measured, and the measurement is used to determine one or more first frequency points from the plurality of frequency points, the one or more first frequency points being used by the second node to transmit CW signals.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The CW signal is used for uplink transmission of the third node.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The method further includes: Based on the measurement results, first information is sent to the fourth node, the first information being used to determine the one or more first frequency points.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node before the uplink transmission of the third node, and the uplink transmission of the third node is based on the CW signals.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein, The multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node in response to the downlink transmission of the third node, and the downlink transmission of the third node triggers the uplink transmission of the third node.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The plurality of CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node in response to a first command, which is used to trigger the measurement.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, The frequency domain positions of the multiple frequency points are determined by the first node and / or the second node.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, The plurality of CW pilot signals are continuously transmitted by the second node during the transmission period, and the transmission period is spaced apart from the downlink transmission period of the third node by a first duration.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The start time of the transmission period and the end time of the transmission period are spaced apart by a first duration, or the end time of the transmission period and the end time of the transmission period are spaced apart by a second duration, wherein the second duration is the sum of the first duration and the duration of the transmission period.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein, The plurality of CW pilot signals are continuously transmitted by the second node during the transmission period, and the duration of the transmission period of each CW pilot signal is pre-configured or indicated by a second instruction sent by the downlink transmitting node.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein, In the plurality of CW pilot signals, the transmit power of each CW pilot signal is known to the first node.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein, The transmission power of the multiple CW pilot signals is equal.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein, The multiple CW pilot signals are modulated by the third node using the same modulation method.

14. A communication method performed by a third node, the method comprising: Receive continuous electromagnetic wave CW pilot signals emitted by the second node at multiple frequency points; Multiple CW pilot signals are backscattered to the first node; The CW pilot signal is used for measurement at the first node, and the measurement is used to determine one or more first frequency points from the plurality of frequency points. The one or more first frequency points are used for CW signal transmission at the second node.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein, The CW signal is used for uplink transmission of the third node.

16. The method according to any one of claim 14 or 15, wherein, The multiple CW pilot signals are modulated by the third node using the same modulation method.

17. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein, The multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node before the uplink transmission of the third node, and the uplink transmission of the third node is based on the CW signals.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein, The multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node in response to the downlink transmission of the third node, and the downlink transmission of the third node triggers the uplink transmission of the third node.

19. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 18, wherein, The plurality of CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node in response to a first command sent by the downlink transmitting node, the first command being used to trigger the measurement.

20. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 19, wherein, The frequency domain positions of the multiple frequency points are determined by the first node and / or the second node.

21. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 20, wherein, The multiple CW pilot signals are continuously transmitted by the second node during the transmission period, and the transmission period is spaced apart from the downlink transmission period of the third node by a first duration.

22. The method according to claim 21, wherein, The start time of the transmission period and the end time of the transmission period are spaced apart by a first duration, or the end time of the transmission period and the end time of the transmission period are spaced apart by a second duration, wherein the second duration is the sum of the first duration and the duration of the transmission period.

23. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 22, wherein, The plurality of CW pilot signals are continuously transmitted by the second node during the transmission period, and the duration of the transmission period of each CW pilot signal is pre-configured or indicated by a second instruction sent by the downlink transmitting node.

24. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 23, wherein, In the plurality of CW pilot signals, the transmit power of each CW pilot signal is known to the first node.

25. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 24, wherein, The transmission power of the multiple CW pilot signals is equal.

26. A communication method, performed by a fourth node, the method comprising: Receive the first message; Based on the first information, one or more first frequency points are determined from multiple frequency points; The first information is determined by the first node through measurement of multiple continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) pilot signals received. The multiple CW pilot signals are emitted by the second node at multiple frequency points and backscattered to the first node via the third node. The one or more first frequency points are used by the second node to emit CW signals.

27. The method according to claim 26, wherein, The CW signal is used for uplink transmission of the third node.

28. The method according to claim 26 or 27, wherein, The method further includes: Based on the first information, second information is sent to the second node, the second information being used to indicate the one or more first frequency points.

29. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 28, wherein, The multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node before the uplink transmission of the third node, and the uplink transmission of the third node is based on the CW signals.

30. The method according to claim 29, wherein, The multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node in response to the downlink transmission of the third node, and the downlink transmission of the third node triggers the uplink transmission of the third node.

31. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 30, wherein, The plurality of CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node in response to a first command, which is used to trigger the measurement.

32. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 31, wherein, The frequency domain positions of the multiple frequency points are determined by the first node and / or the second node.

33. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 32, wherein, The plurality of CW pilot signals are continuously transmitted by the second node during the transmission period, and the transmission period is spaced apart from the downlink transmission period of the third node by a first duration.

34. The method according to claim 33, wherein, The start time of the transmission period and the end time of the transmission period are spaced apart by a first duration, or the end time of the transmission period and the end time of the transmission period are spaced apart by a second duration, wherein the second duration is the sum of the first duration and the duration of the transmission period.

35. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 34, wherein, The plurality of CW pilot signals are continuously transmitted by the second node during the transmission period, and the duration of the transmission period of each CW pilot signal is pre-configured or indicated by a second instruction sent by the downlink transmitting node.

36. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 35, wherein, In the plurality of CW pilot signals, the transmit power of each CW pilot signal is known to the first node.

37. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 36, wherein, The transmission power of the multiple CW pilot signals is equal.

38. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 37, wherein, The multiple CW pilot signals are modulated by the third node using the same modulation method.

39. A communication method, executed by a second node, the method further comprising: Continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) pilot signals are emitted at multiple frequency points, wherein the multiple CW pilot signals are backscattered to a first node via a third node; the first node is used to measure the multiple CW pilot signals, and the measurement is used to determine one or more first frequency points from the multiple frequency points, the one or more first frequency points being used by the second node to emit CW signals.

40. The method according to claim 39, wherein, The CW signal is used for uplink transmission of the third node.

41. The method according to any one of claim 39 or 40, wherein, The method further includes: Transmit CW signals at one or more of the first frequency points.

42. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 41, wherein, The method further includes: The fourth node receives second information, which is used to indicate the one or more first frequency points. The one or more first frequency points are determined by the fourth node based on the received first information, which is sent by the first node.

43. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 42, wherein, The multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node before the uplink transmission of the third node, and the uplink transmission of the third node is based on the CW signals.

44. The method according to claim 43, wherein, The multiple CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node in response to the downlink transmission of the third node, and the downlink transmission of the third node triggers the uplink transmission of the third node.

45. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 44, wherein, The plurality of CW pilot signals are transmitted by the second node in response to a first command, which is used to trigger the measurement.

46. ​​The method according to any one of claims 39 to 45, wherein, The frequency domain positions of the multiple frequency points are determined by the first node and / or the second node.

47. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 46, wherein, The plurality of CW pilot signals are continuously transmitted by the second node during the transmission period, and the transmission period is spaced apart from the downlink transmission period of the third node by a first duration.

48. The method according to claim 47, wherein, The start time of the transmission period and the end time of the transmission period are spaced apart by a first duration, or the end time of the transmission period and the end time of the transmission period are spaced apart by a second duration, wherein the second duration is the sum of the first duration and the duration of the transmission period.

49. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 48, wherein, The plurality of CW pilot signals are continuously transmitted by the second node during the transmission period, and the duration of the transmission period of each CW pilot signal is pre-configured or indicated by a second instruction sent by the downlink transmitting node.

50. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 49, wherein, In the plurality of CW pilot signals, the transmit power of each CW pilot signal is known to the first node.

51. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 50, wherein, The transmission power of the multiple CW pilot signals is equal.

52. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 51, wherein, The multiple CW pilot signals are modulated by the third node using the same modulation method.

53. A communication device, comprising: The first transceiver module is configured to receive multiple continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) pilot signals, wherein the multiple CW pilot signals are emitted by the second node at multiple frequency points and backscattered to the first node via the third node; A first processing module is configured to measure the plurality of CW pilot signals, the measurement being used to determine one or more first frequency points from the plurality of frequency points, the one or more first frequency points being used by the second node to transmit CW signals.

54. A communication device, comprising: The second transceiver module is configured to receive continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) pilot signals transmitted by the second node at multiple frequency points; Multiple CW pilot signals are backscattered to a first node; wherein the CW pilot signals are used for measurement at the first node, the measurement is used to determine one or more first frequency points from the multiple frequency points, and the one or more first frequency points are used for CW signal transmission at the second node.

55. A communication device, comprising: The third transceiver module is configured to receive the first information; The second processing module is configured to determine one or more first frequency points from multiple frequency points based on the first information; The first information is determined by the first node through measurement of multiple continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) pilot signals received. The multiple CW pilot signals are emitted by the second node at multiple frequency points and backscattered to the first node via the third node. The one or more first frequency points are used by the second node to emit CW signals.

56. A communication device, comprising: The fourth transceiver module is configured to transmit continuous electromagnetic wave (CW) pilot signals at multiple frequency points, wherein the multiple CW pilot signals are backscattered to the first node via a third node; the first node is used to measure the multiple CW pilot signals, and the measurement is used to determine one or more first frequency points from the multiple frequency points, and the one or more first frequency points are used by the second node to transmit CW signals.

57. A communication device, comprising: One or more processors; The terminal is used to execute the communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 52.

58. A communication system comprising a first node, a second node, a third node, and a fourth node; The first node is configured to implement the communication method as described in any one of claims 1 to 13; the third node is configured to implement the communication method as described in any one of claims 14 to 25; the fourth node is configured to implement the communication method as described in any one of claims 26 to 38; and the second node is configured to implement the communication method as described in any one of claims 39 to 52.

59. A storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a communication device, cause the communication device to perform the communication method as described in any one of claims 1 to 52.

60. A computer program product comprising a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 52.

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