Concrete prefabricated energy storage enclosure

Abstract

The present invention provides a concrete prefabricated energy storage enclosure, comprising an enclosure body and an enclosure door which are made of a concrete composite material, such that the energy storage enclosure has high compressive strength and a high fire resistance level. A plurality of energy storage enclosures can be stacked in a height direction, or can be arranged without spacing in a transverse direction, thereby effectively reducing the occupied area. Energy storage boxes each comprising a basin-shaped box body and a cover plate are arranged in the enclosure body; the cover plate covers the basin-shaped box body to construct a closed energy storage cavity for accommodating battery modules; the basin-shaped box body and the cover plate are also both made of the concrete composite material. In this way, high temperature generated by thermal runaway of batteries in a single energy storage box can be effectively limited in the energy storage box; due to low oxygen content in the energy storage boxes, for a fire of a battery caused by mild thermal runaway, the flame can self-extinguish after ignition; for a fire of a battery caused by severe thermal runaway, a long time can be provided for fire control and extinguishing, and the flame can be extinguished in the energy storage box in a timely manner.

Description

A precast concrete energy storage compartment

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. CN202410936416.8, filed on July 12, 2024, entitled "A Precast Concrete Energy Storage Container", the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in part; and also claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. CN202510081782.4, filed on January 20, 2025, entitled "A Precast Concrete Energy Storage Container", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to the field of energy storage equipment technology, and in particular to a prefabricated energy storage compartment made of concrete composite material. Background Technology

[0003] Against the backdrop of my country's energy transition and "dual-carbon" strategy, the proportion of new energy power generation such as photovoltaics and wind power is increasing. However, the instability of clean energy has always been a major problem restricting its popularization and application. To overcome this challenge, energy storage technology has emerged to convert clean energy into electrical energy and store it in energy storage units such as batteries and supercapacitors, releasing it to supply the grid when needed. For factories that require large-scale electricity consumption, they can store electricity during off-peak hours at night when electricity prices are low and release the stored electricity during peak hours during the day to effectively utilize the peak-valley electricity price difference and reduce their electricity costs. Therefore, energy storage power stations are also needed for energy storage.

[0004] Based on their size, energy storage power stations are mainly divided into three categories: small, medium, and large. Small energy storage power stations have an energy storage capacity of less than 10MWh, medium-sized energy storage power stations have an energy storage capacity between 10MWh and 50MWh, and large energy storage power stations have an energy storage capacity between 50MWh and 500MWh.

[0005] Currently, energy storage power stations primarily utilize energy storage containers, which integrate battery packs, battery management systems (BMS), energy management systems (EMS), power converters (PCS), thermal management systems, fire suppression systems, and other control hardware into a standardized container. Energy storage containers are typically 20 feet long (approximately 6 meters long, 2.4 meters wide, and 2.6 meters high), occupying an area of ​​approximately 14.4 square meters. 2 ) and 40 feet (approximately 12m long, 2.4m wide, and 2.6m high, occupying an area of ​​approximately 29m²). 2 Two specifications are available. Based on current lithium battery energy storage technology, the maximum energy storage capacity of existing 20-foot energy storage containers can reach approximately 5-6 MWh.

[0006] Energy storage containers are equipped with metal frames, and multiple battery modules are assembled into a battery pack, which is then arranged in an array on the metal frame. The outer shell of existing energy storage containers is generally a metal shell with an insulated lining, while the battery pack shell is typically a metal aluminum plate structure. If one battery pack experiences thermal runaway and combustion, the entire battery pack array inside the container is susceptible to high temperatures and the effects of the fire. Current fire suppression systems for energy storage containers primarily employ gaseous fire suppression systems such as carbon dioxide, heptafluoropropane, or aerosols, or a combination of gaseous fire suppression systems and sprinkler systems. Upon receiving a fire alarm signal, the fire suppression system is rapidly activated, releasing extinguishing agents to completely flood the interior of the container for cooling and fire suppression, effectively treating the entire energy storage container as a fire-fighting zone.

[0007] Energy storage containers are generally rectangular structures extending horizontally. Due to factors such as compressive strength, they cannot be stacked. Furthermore, the metal outer shell of energy storage containers is prone to deformation, twisting, and bending when exposed to high temperatures, which can lead to the container burning through and collapsing, causing flames to spread and making the fire difficult to control. Therefore, energy storage containers have a low fire resistance rating, requiring a certain fire safety distance (generally not less than 3m) to be maintained between adjacent containers during on-site deployment. All of these factors combined result in a large footprint for the entire energy storage power station.

[0008] It should be noted that the above description of the background technology is only for the purpose of providing a clear and complete explanation of the technical solutions of this application and facilitating understanding by those skilled in the art. It should not be assumed that these technical solutions are known to those skilled in the art simply because they have been described in the background technology section of this application. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide a precast concrete storage tank to solve the problems of poor compressive strength and fire resistance, and low fire protection rating of existing energy storage containers.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a precast concrete energy storage chamber, comprising:

[0011] The cabin includes walls made of concrete composite material and forms an open accommodating space, which is configured to have a plurality of accommodating cavities arranged along the height direction.

[0012] The hatch, made of concrete composite material, is pivotally connected to the side edge of the opening;

[0013] An energy storage box is adapted to be inserted into the receiving cavity. The energy storage box is equipped with a basin-shaped box body and a cover plate. The cover plate covers the basin-shaped box body to form a closed energy storage cavity. Both the basin-shaped box body and the cover plate are made of concrete composite material.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the energy storage tank is provided with a fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe, the fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe is configured with a fire extinguishing agent spray end exposed to the energy storage cavity, and the energy storage tank is also provided with an overflow branch pipe that cooperates with the fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe, the overflow branch pipe is configured with an overflow inlet exposed to the energy storage cavity, for injecting liquid fire extinguishing agent into the energy storage cavity through the fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe and maintaining the liquid level at the level of the overflow inlet through the overflow branch pipe.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, a gas extinguishing component is also provided in the energy storage box. The gas extinguishing component includes a sealed container containing concentrated extinguishing gas or solid extinguishing gas. The sealed container is sealed with a colloid. When the temperature inside the energy storage chamber exceeds a preset temperature, the colloid on the sealed container melts to open the opening.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, at least one partition plate is provided inside the basin-shaped box. The partition plate is configured to divide the energy storage cavity into at least two sub-energy storage cavities. The partition plate is made of concrete composite material, and a wiring area connecting the adjacent sub-energy storage cavities is provided on the partition plate.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, the energy storage tank is provided with a fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe and an overflow branch pipe. The fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe is provided with a fire extinguishing agent injection end in each of the sub-energy storage chambers, and the overflow branch pipe is provided with an overflow inlet in each of the sub-energy storage chambers. The energy storage tank is also provided with a liquid-cooled water inlet branch pipe and a liquid-cooled water return branch pipe. The liquid-cooled water inlet branch pipe is configured with a liquid-cooled output connection end exposed in each of the sub-energy storage chambers, and the liquid-cooled water return branch pipe is configured with a liquid-cooled water return connection end exposed in each of the sub-energy storage chambers.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, the cabin is equipped with track beams, and a plurality of track beams are arranged in two opposing rows on opposite side walls inside the cabin along the height direction. The accommodating space is divided into a plurality of accommodating cavities by the track beams. An angled joint plate is embedded in the corner of the track beam support surface, and the energy storage box is slidably connected to the angled joint plate.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present invention, the energy storage box is also equipped with a movable component connected to the basin-shaped box body. A support component is embedded inside the basin-shaped box body. The movable component includes a plurality of pulleys, a pulley shaft for supporting and driving the pulleys, and a bearing sleeved on the pulley shaft. The bearing is welded and fixed to the support component.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, the cabin is integrally cast, or the cabin is formed by splicing at least two cabin units along the horizontal longitudinal direction, or the cabin is formed by splicing at least two cabin units along the height direction.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present invention, the cabin includes a top wall and side walls, the hatch is disposed on one side of the horizontal longitudinal direction of the cabin, the side walls on both sides of the cabin extend outward along the horizontal longitudinal direction from the location of the hatch to form a first fireproof partition zone, and the top wall protrudes upward from its circumference to form a second fireproof partition zone; a pressure relief valve is disposed on the energy storage box, a first explosion vent is disposed on the cabin, and a second explosion vent is disposed on the hatch, the first explosion vent and the second explosion vent being connected through the accommodating space.

[0022] As a further improvement of the present invention, a partition wall is provided protruding upward from the middle of the top wall of the cabin. The partition wall is configured to divide the second fireproof partition area into at least two relatively independent functional areas, one of which is configured as a liquid storage tank.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] The precast concrete energy storage chamber provided by this invention has a body and doors made of concrete composite materials, which gives the energy storage chamber high compressive strength and high fire resistance. This effectively confines the high temperature generated by battery thermal runaway within the energy storage chamber, preventing the flame from escaping outside the energy storage chamber and causing the flame to spread. Multiple precast concrete energy storage chambers can be stacked along the height or arranged horizontally without spacing, thereby effectively reducing the energy storage footprint.

[0025] The cabin is equipped with energy storage tanks made of concrete composite materials. These tanks are independent and enclosed, creating a grid-like fire protection system that reduces the smallest fire protection grid to a single energy storage tank or even smaller. The enclosed energy storage tanks contain less oxygen, allowing the flames to self-extinguish in the event of a battery fire with minor thermal runaway. Furthermore, the high compressive strength and long fire resistance of the concrete composite energy storage tanks allow for flexible configuration of extinguishing agent supply pipes. For battery fires with more severe thermal runaway, these pipes provide ample time to inject liquid extinguishing agent, effectively extinguishing the flames within the tank and preventing the fire from spreading to other energy storage tanks. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the energy storage compartment of some embodiments provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 is an exploded view of the energy storage compartment based on Figure 1;

[0028] Figure 3 is a front view of an energy storage compartment based on some embodiments provided in Figure 1;

[0029] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the energy storage compartment based on the one shown in Figure 1;

[0030] Figure 5 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the track beam in Figure 4;

[0031] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the energy storage box provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of placing the battery module in the energy storage box shown in Figure 6;

[0033] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the energy storage box provided by the present invention.

[0034] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of placing the battery module in the energy storage box provided in Figure 8;

[0035] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the energy storage compartment provided by the present invention;

[0036] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the energy storage compartment of some other embodiments provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 12 is an exploded view of the energy storage compartment based on the information provided in Figure 11;

[0038] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the cabin based on the energy storage compartment provided in Figure 11;

[0039] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the combination based on the energy storage compartment provided in Figure 11. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be noted that these embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. Equivalent changes or substitutions in function, method, or structure made by those skilled in the art based on these embodiments are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] It should be noted that in this invention, "horizontal transverse" refers to the direction along the x-axis as shown in Figures 1 to 14, "horizontal longitudinal" refers to the direction along the y-axis as shown in Figures 1 to 14, and "height direction" refers to the direction along the z-axis as shown in Figures 1 to 14. Example 1

[0042] As shown in Figures 1 to 9, the present invention provides a precast concrete energy storage chamber 10a (hereinafter referred to as the first energy storage chamber 10a), including a chamber body 11, a door 12 pivotally connected to the chamber body 11, and a plurality of energy storage boxes 13 inserted layer by layer in the chamber body 11 along the height direction.

[0043] Referring to Figures 1 to 4, the cabin 11 includes walls made of concrete composite material, forming an accommodating space 110 with an opening 1102. Specifically, in this embodiment, the cabin 11 includes a left side wall 111 and a right side wall 112 arranged opposite each other in the horizontal direction, a top wall 113 and a bottom wall 114 arranged opposite each other in the height direction, and a rear side wall 115 located in the horizontal longitudinal direction. The accommodating space 110 is formed by the left side wall 111, the top wall 113, the right side wall 112, the bottom wall 114 and the rear side wall 115.

[0044] In some embodiments, the opening 1102 of the accommodating space 110 is located on the front side in the horizontal longitudinal direction, and the hatch 12 is pivotally connected to the side edge of the opening 1102. The opening or closing state of the opening 1102 is controlled by opening and closing the hatch 12. In other alternative embodiments, the opening 1102 and the hatch 12 may also be located on the rear side in the horizontal longitudinal direction of the accommodating space 110.

[0045] In applications, for example, lithium batteries are used as energy storage carriers. As shown in Figure 7, a battery cluster 21 composed of several battery modules 211 is set inside the energy storage box 13. The battery module 211 is formed by combining individual lithium batteries in a series and parallel manner. A battery management system is set up to manage and control the battery cluster 21 in each energy storage box 13.

[0046] Lithium batteries generate a large amount of heat during charging and discharging. Excessive heat accumulation can lead to increased battery temperature, affecting battery performance and even causing thermal runaway. Since the energy storage box 13 is a concrete composite structure with high compressive strength and fire resistance, it effectively confines the high temperature and flames generated by thermal runaway within the energy storage box 13 when high temperatures occur or the lithium battery catches fire. This provides a longer time for the fire extinguishing system to extinguish the fire, thus minimizing the impact on the battery clusters 21 in other energy storage boxes 13. Both the cabin body 11 and the door 12 are concrete composite structures made of concrete composite materials. After certain fire-resistant design, even in the event of a fire, the fire resistance of the concrete composite structure remains strong due to the structural characteristics of its internal solidified materials. The molten concrete still possesses strong compressive strength, making the first energy storage chamber 10a provided in this embodiment less prone to burn-through and collapse. This provides a longer time for the fire extinguishing system to extinguish the fire, preventing the fire from spreading uncontrollably due to flame propagation.

[0047] To further improve the fire-resistant partition performance of the first energy storage compartment 10a, in this embodiment, as shown in Figures 2 and 4, the four walls of the compartment 11 (i.e., the left side wall 111, the right side wall 112, the top wall 113, and the bottom wall 114) extend outward along the horizontal longitudinal direction from the location of the door 12 to form a front fire-resistant partition area 1103, and extend upward from the perimeter of the top wall 113 to form a top fire-resistant partition area 1104. In other embodiments, the four walls of the compartment 11 (i.e., the left side wall 111, the right side wall 112, the top wall 113, and the bottom wall 114) can further extend outward along the horizontal longitudinal direction from the location of the rear wall 115 to form a rear fire-resistant partition area (not shown).

[0048] When a lithium battery spontaneously combusts, it can explode within a short time if not properly controlled, directly endangering the lives of on-site personnel and the normal operation of other equipment. To reduce the frequency of such accidents, energy storage safety regulations require all energy storage devices to be equipped with explosion-proof ventilation devices (e.g., explosion relief fans) to ensure that the ventilation system can be activated promptly to expel flammable gases and prevent explosions when the concentration of flammable gases exceeds a threshold.

[0049] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, in this embodiment, a first explosion vent 1131 is provided on the top of the compartment 11 (e.g., on the top wall 113), and a second explosion vent 1201 is provided on the hatch 12. Both the first explosion vent 1131 and the second explosion vent 1201 are equipped with explosion vent valves (not shown). An explosion vent fan (not shown) can be installed above the first explosion vent 1131. When the concentration of combustible gas inside the compartment 11 exceeds a threshold, the explosion vent valve and the explosion vent fan automatically open, allowing external air to enter through the second explosion vent 1201, pass through the accommodating space 110, and exit through the first explosion vent 1131, thereby circulating and replacing the air inside the compartment 11.

[0050] The cabin 11 can be integrally cast on-site using concrete composite materials or prefabricated in a factory. For heavier prefabricated cabins, to meet the maximum weight limit stipulated by the gross vehicle weight limit for highway freight vehicles, the prefabricated cabin can be designed as two or more cabin units, prefabricated in the factory, and then seamlessly spliced ​​on-site. The cabin 11 can be constructed by splicing prefabricated concrete cabin units along the horizontal longitudinal direction or by splicing prefabricated concrete cabin units along the vertical direction.

[0051] Referring to Figures 2 to 6, this embodiment provides a sliding connection for the installation and removal of the energy storage box 13 within the cabin 11. Specifically, the inner walls of the left side wall 111 and right side wall 112 of the cabin 11 are provided with track beams 116 extending horizontally. The track beams 116 are configured to divide the accommodating space 110 into several accommodating cavities 1101 along the height direction. The dimensions of the energy storage box 13 are adapted to the accommodating cavities 1101 so that the energy storage box 13 can be inserted into the accommodating cavities 1101 layer by layer along the height direction. The track beams 116 are arranged in two opposing rows along the height direction on the left side wall 111 and right side wall 112, and the two track beams 116 corresponding to each other in the two rows are on the same plane to support the energy storage box 13 on them.

[0052] The energy storage box 13 is equipped with a basin-shaped box body 131 and a cover plate 132. The cover plate 132 covers the basin-shaped box body 131 to form a closed energy storage cavity 130. Both the basin-shaped box body 131 and the cover plate 132 are made of concrete composite material. A supporting member (not shown, for example, a steel reinforcement frame) is embedded in the concrete composite material of the basin-shaped box body 131. The energy storage box 13 is equipped with a plurality of movable parts 133 connected to the basin-shaped box body 131. The movable parts 133 include pulleys 1331, pulley shafts 1332 for supporting and driving the pulleys 1331, and bearings (not shown) sleeved on the pulley shafts 1332. The bearings are welded and fixed to the supporting members in the concrete composite material of the basin-shaped box body 131. The pulleys 1331 are preferably located on both sides of the basin-shaped box body 131 near the bottom surface.

[0053] The energy storage box 13 is supported on the upper surface of the track beam 116 by pulleys 1331. Under the condition of applying a certain pushing or pulling force to the energy storage box 13, the energy storage box 13 can slide along the track beam 116 to insert or remove the energy storage box 13 from the opening 1102. In order to increase the support strength of the track beam 116 for the energy storage box 13 during sliding and reduce the frictional resistance during dragging, as shown in Figure 5, in this embodiment, an angled joint plate 1161 is embedded at the corner of the support surface of the track beam 116. The angled joint plate 1161 is a long strip of steel constructed into a vertical angle. The angled joint plate 1161 extends along the extension direction of the track beam 116, and the pulleys 1331 of the energy storage box 13 are supported by the angled joint plate 1161 of the track beam 116.

[0054] The energy storage boxes 13 installed inside the cabin 11 are independent of each other, and the basin-shaped box 131 and cover plate 132 are made of concrete composite material to construct a closed energy storage cavity 130 for placing the battery cluster 21, so as to divide the entire cabin 11 into grid-like fire protection zones, reducing the smallest fire protection grid to the size of the energy storage cavity 130 corresponding to one energy storage box 13 or smaller. Concrete composite materials have excellent thermal insulation properties, which can effectively limit the high temperature generated by battery thermal runaway in a single energy storage box 13 to that box, preventing the high temperature from being transferred to adjacent energy storage boxes 13. Furthermore, due to the low oxygen content and good sealing of the energy storage box 13, fires caused by batteries with mild thermal runaway can be extinguished by themselves after ignition. Because the energy storage box made of concrete composite materials has a certain thickness, high compressive strength, and long fire resistance time, fire extinguishing agent supply branches can be flexibly configured inside the energy storage box. For fires caused by batteries with severe thermal runaway, it can provide a longer time for the fire extinguishing agent supply branches configured inside the energy storage box to inject liquid fire extinguishing agent, extinguishing the flames in the energy storage box 13 in a timely and effective manner, preventing the fire from spreading and affecting the battery clusters 21 in other energy storage boxes 13 and other supporting components in the cabin 11.

[0055] Referring to Figure 6, in one embodiment, the energy storage box 13 has a hexahedral sealed structure, wherein the basin-shaped box 131 is a pentahedral structure integrally cast from concrete composite material, and the cover plate 132 is a plate-shaped structure integrally cast from concrete composite material that can cover the opening of the entire basin-shaped box 131. The cover plate 132 is placed on the basin-shaped box 131 to construct an independent and closed energy storage cavity 130.

[0056] The opening of the basin-shaped box 131 is preferably upward, and the cover plate 132 is disposed on the top of the basin-shaped box 131. In other alternative embodiments, the opening of the basin-shaped box 131 may also be disposed on the side, and the cover plate 132 may be disposed on the side of the basin-shaped box 131.

[0057] An extinguishing agent supply branch pipe 135 for conveying liquid extinguishing agent is provided inside the energy storage tank 13. The extinguishing agent supply branch pipe 135 passes through the basin-shaped tank body 131 and is equipped with an extinguishing agent injection end 1352 exposed inside the energy storage cavity 130, so as to deliver liquid extinguishing agent from the outside of the energy storage tank 13 to the energy storage cavity 130. The extinguishing agent supply branch pipe 135 is equipped with a liquid extinguishing agent injection end 1351. The extinguishing agent injection end 1351 is preferably located on the front side wall 1311 of the basin-shaped tank body 131 located on the front side in the horizontal longitudinal direction, or extends forward a distance from the front side wall 1311 of the basin-shaped tank body 131 for easier connection. The extinguishing agent supply branch pipe 135 is connected to the extinguishing agent supply main pipe (not shown) provided in the first energy storage chamber 10a through the liquid extinguishing agent injection end 1351. For example, the extinguishing agent supply main pipe (not shown) extends along the height direction and is respectively connected to the extinguishing agent supply branch pipe 135 provided in each energy storage box 13.

[0058] The energy storage tank 13 is used as an independent fire protection grid. A fire sprinkler head (not shown) is installed at the end of the fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe 135. When the battery inside the energy storage tank 13 catches fire and the triggering condition of the fire sprinkler head is met, the fire sprinkler head in the energy storage tank 13 automatically activates, extinguishing the flames within the energy storage tank 13 in a timely manner. Simultaneously, an overflow branch pipe 136, which cooperates with the fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe 135, is installed inside the energy storage tank 13. The overflow branch pipe 136 penetrates the basin-shaped tank body 131 and is equipped with an overflow inlet 1361 exposed to the energy storage cavity 130. This allows the overflow branch pipe 136 to discharge any liquid fire extinguishing agent above the height of the overflow inlet 1361 when liquid fire extinguishing agent is injected into the energy storage cavity 130 through the fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe 135, preventing the liquid fire extinguishing agent from flowing into the energy storage cavity 130. The liquid extinguishing agent overflows from the opening edge of the basin-shaped container 131, affecting the battery clusters 21 in the remaining energy storage tanks 13 and other supporting components in the container 11. It maintains the liquid level in the energy storage chamber 130 at the height of the overflow inlet 1361. The basin-shaped container 131 contains and carries the liquid extinguishing agent, immersing the battery clusters 21 in the continuously flowing liquid extinguishing agent, thus continuously cooling and extinguishing the fire. The overflow inlet 1361 is positioned near the upper surface of the basin-shaped container 131, preferably higher than the height of the battery clusters 21.

[0059] The overflow branch pipe 136 is equipped with an overflow outlet 1362, which is preferably located on the front side wall 1311 of the basin-shaped box 131, or extends forward a distance from the front side wall 1311 of the basin-shaped box 131 for easier connection. The overflow branch pipe 136 is connected to the overflow main pipe (not shown) provided in the first energy storage compartment 10a through the overflow outlet 1362. For example, the overflow main pipe (not shown) extends along the height direction and is connected to the overflow branch pipes 136 provided in each layer of energy storage box 13 respectively.

[0060] Since the basin-shaped housing 131 and cover plate 132 of each energy storage box 13 are made of concrete composite material of a certain thickness, the extinguishing agent supply branch pipe 135 and overflow branch pipe 136 can be pre-embedded in the basin-shaped housing 131, with only the extinguishing agent injection end 1352 and overflow inlet 1361 exposed, thus saving space in the energy storage chamber 130. In other alternative embodiments, the extinguishing agent supply branch pipe 135 can also be arranged through the cover 132.

[0061] In addition to the existing fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe 135 installed in the energy storage tank 13 to deliver liquid fire extinguishing agent for fire suppression, a gas fire extinguishing component (as shown in the diagram) can be added to enhance the fire protection level and fire extinguishing control performance of the first energy storage chamber 10a. The gas fire extinguishing component includes a sealed container filled with concentrated or solid fire extinguishing gas. The sealed container has its opening sealed with a colloid. When the temperature inside the energy storage tank 13 exceeds a preset temperature, the colloid on the sealed container melts to open the opening, releasing the fire extinguishing gas from the sealed container and injecting it into the energy storage chamber for fire suppression. For the case where some lithium batteries in the battery cluster 21 catch fire due to thermal runaway, the fire extinguishing method can be set as follows: upon receiving a first fire signal, the gas fire extinguishing component in the burning energy storage tank 13 automatically extinguishes the fire in that energy storage tank 13; upon receiving a second fire signal, the liquid fire extinguishing system is activated to extinguish the fire in the burning energy storage tank 13 through the liquid fire extinguishing agent branch pipe. The liquid extinguishing agent supplied through the extinguishing agent supply branch pipe 135 includes a water-based extinguishing agent composed of water and other chemical components. The concentrated extinguishing gas or solid extinguishing gas contained in the gas extinguishing assembly includes at least one of aerosol extinguishing agents, inert gas extinguishing agents, or dry powder extinguishing agents. Injecting the extinguishing gas into the energy storage chamber 130 for fire extinguishing allows for direct extinguishing of the fire in the affected area, which helps to effectively extinguish or control the fire in its early stages.

[0062] The basin-shaped housing 131 is also equipped with a pressure relief valve 137, which is used to connect the energy storage chamber 130 to the outside when the pressure in the energy storage chamber 130 exceeds a threshold. For example, when extinguishing a fire using a gas extinguishing assembly, if the pressure in the energy storage chamber 130 exceeds the threshold, the pressure relief valve 137 will automatically open to release the pressure.

[0063] In the fire suppression system of the first energy storage compartment 10a, fire can be extinguished using only liquid extinguishing agents, such as fire-fighting water. Water has excellent cooling properties, rapidly reducing the temperature of burning materials and thus suppressing the spread of fire. However, water containing electrolytes has a certain degree of conductivity. If the lithium battery is still connected to a power source or there are electrical devices nearby when it catches fire, using water to extinguish the fire may pose a risk of electric shock or short circuit explosion. Before using fire-fighting water, it must first be ensured that the lithium battery in the energy storage compartment 13 is completely powered off and that there are no electrical devices nearby. Only then can a continuous and sufficient supply of water be used to extinguish the fire, ensuring a thorough reduction in battery temperature and preventing heat dissipation.

[0064] In the fire suppression system of the first energy storage compartment 10a, a combination of gaseous and liquid fire extinguishing methods can be used to fully utilize their respective advantages. Specifically, aerosol extinguishing agents can quickly cover the fire source in the early stages of a fire, isolate oxygen, and lower the temperature; while liquid fire extinguishing agents are mainly used for cooling to prevent the fire from spreading and reigniting. After the aerosol extinguishing agent extinguishes the open flame, the sprinkler heads of the liquid extinguishing agent branch pipe are activated to use water or other extinguishing liquids to cool the energy storage box 13 and the battery cluster 21 inside, preventing the lithium batteries from reigniting or experiencing thermal runaway due to high temperatures.

[0065] For battery system thermal management, two methods can be used: liquid cooling plate cooling and immersion cooling. For example, the first energy storage compartment 10a is equipped with a liquid cooling system for battery thermal management, used to dissipate heat from the battery cluster 21. Specifically, a liquid cooling plate (not shown) is installed at the bottom of each energy storage chamber 130, and a liquid cooling inlet branch pipe and a liquid cooling return branch pipe communicating with the liquid cooling plate are installed in the energy storage box 130 to form a liquid cooling circuit. The liquid inlet connection end 1381 of the liquid cooling inlet branch pipe and the liquid return connection end 1382 of the liquid cooling return branch pipe are preferably respectively located on the front side wall 1311 of the basin-shaped box 131, or extended forward a distance from the front side wall 1311 of the basin-shaped box 131 for easier connection.

[0066] As shown in Figure 7, in application, a battery cluster 21 composed of several battery modules 211 is placed in the energy storage cavity 130. The size of the battery cluster 21 and its required accommodating space are configured according to the energy storage capacity set for each energy storage box 13, thereby determining the size of the energy storage box 13.

[0067] Referring to Figures 8 and 9, in another embodiment, a partition plate 134 is provided inside the basin-shaped box 131. The partition plate 134 is configured to divide the energy storage cavity 130 into at least two sub-energy storage cavities 1301, thereby further reducing the fire protection grid of the energy storage box 13, reducing fire protection costs and losses.

[0068] For example, the smallest fire grid can be reduced to 1 / N of the receiving cavity 130 corresponding to an energy storage box 13, where N is an integer greater than 1. Specifically, N-1 partition plates 134 are added inside the basin-shaped box 131 to create N sub-energy storage cavities 1301. Preferably, the energy storage cavity 130 is evenly divided into N sub-energy storage cavities 1301. For example, the partition plates 134 are formed by protruding upwards from the bottom surface of the basin-shaped box 131 and extending horizontally to the opposite side plates of the basin-shaped box 131. The partition plates 134 can be integrally formed with the body of the basin-shaped box 131 or connected to the body of the basin-shaped box 131 by splicing. For example, the partition plates 134 are spliced ​​to the body of the basin-shaped box 131 by plugging in, thereby allowing for flexible adjustment of the space size of the sub-energy storage cavities 1301.

[0069] The cover plate 132 can be an integrated cast-in-place structure that covers the opening of the entire basin-shaped box 131, or it can be composed of multiple sub-cover plates 1320, wherein each sub-cover plate 1320 is a plate-shaped structure integrally cast from concrete composite material, and the size of the sub-cover plate 1320 is adapted to the length and width of the sub-energy storage cavity 1301.

[0070] In one implementation, the battery modules 211 are evenly distributed in N sub-energy storage cavities 1301. That is, in each sub-energy storage cavity 1301, multiple battery modules 211 form a battery module unit 210, and N battery module units 210 form a battery cluster 21. This reduces the number of battery modules 211 installed in each independent cavity, thereby reducing the impact area caused by thermal runaway combustion of a single battery module 211. A wiring groove 1341 is provided on the partition plate 134 to connect adjacent sub-energy storage cavities 1301, for routing connecting lines between adjacent battery module units 210. For example, the wiring groove 1341 is recessed downwards from the top surface of the partition plate 134. Battery module units 210 are installed in each sub-energy storage cavity 1301. The battery module units 210 in adjacent sub-energy storage cavities 1301 are connected in series through wiring channels 1341 via connecting wires (not shown) and the gaps in wiring channels 1341 are sealed so that the sub-energy storage cavities 1301 have independent closed areas.

[0071] Each sub-energy storage chamber 1301 is equipped with a fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe 135, and a fire extinguishing agent spray end 1352 of the fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe 135 is equipped with a fire sprinkler head (not shown). When a battery in a single sub-energy storage chamber 1301 catches fire and the triggering condition of the fire sprinkler head is met, the fire sprinkler head in that sub-energy storage chamber 1301 will automatically activate to extinguish the flames in the sub-energy storage chamber 1301 in a timely manner, so as to prevent the fire from spreading and affecting other sub-energy storage chambers 1301, thereby maximizing fire prevention and control and reducing losses. At the same time, each sub-energy storage chamber 1301 is equipped with an overflow inlet 1361 of an overflow branch pipe 136, which can directly discharge the liquid fire extinguishing agent in the burning sub-energy storage chamber 1301 during fire extinguishing, preventing the liquid fire extinguishing agent from overflowing and affecting the battery module units 210 in other sub-energy storage chambers 1301.

[0072] For example, as shown in Figures 8 and 9, in one embodiment, the energy storage chamber 130 is divided into four sub-energy storage chambers 1301, thereby using one-quarter of the space size of the energy storage box 13 as the minimum fire protection grid.

[0073] A liquid cooling plate (not shown) is provided at the bottom of each sub-energy storage cavity 1301 for heat dissipation of the battery module unit 210 in each sub-energy storage cavity 1301. An output end (not shown) of a liquid cooling water inlet branch pipe and an input end (not shown) of a liquid cooling water return branch pipe are provided in each sub-energy storage cavity 1301. The output end of the liquid cooling water inlet branch pipe in each sub-energy storage cavity 1301 is connected to the liquid inlet connection end 1381 of the liquid cooling water inlet branch pipe. The input end of the liquid cooling water return branch pipe in each sub-energy storage cavity 1301 is connected to the liquid return connection end 1382 of the liquid cooling water return branch pipe to form a liquid cooling circuit.

[0074] The front side wall 1311 of the basin-shaped enclosure 131 houses a high-voltage box 22 containing the battery main control module, which is used to control and protect the battery clusters 21 inside the energy storage box 13. The front side wall 1311 of the basin-shaped enclosure 131 has wiring holes for electrically connecting the interior and exterior of the energy storage box 13.

[0075] In some embodiments, the length of the energy storage box 13 is set to 2.5m-5m, the width to 2m-4m, the height to 0.25-0.5m, and the thickness to 3-5cm. Referring to Figure 6, the length of the energy storage box 13 corresponds to the y-direction, the width to the x-direction, and the height to the z-direction. Based on the above size range of the energy storage box 13, for example, each energy storage box 13 can accommodate battery clusters 21 with a storage capacity of several hundred kilowatt-hours. Due to the large volume of the energy storage box 13 and the high density of the concrete composite material, the energy storage box 13 after the battery clusters 21 are placed is quite heavy, generally several tons. It cannot be pushed manually by a single person; therefore, an auxiliary deployment and retraction device can be used for installation or disassembly and maintenance of the energy storage box 13. For example, a threaded connection hole 1333 is provided on the front side wall of the basin-shaped box 131, and an electric drive device is connected to the threaded connection hole 1333 to electrically deploy and retract the energy storage box 13.

[0076] For example, referring to Figures 2 to 4, six energy storage boxes 13 are stacked within the accommodating space 110, setting the total energy storage capacity of the first energy storage chamber 10a to 1.5MWh or 2.5MWh. The first energy storage chamber 10a has a width of approximately 2.7m, a length of approximately 5.6m, a height of approximately 3.8m, and occupies an area of ​​approximately 15m². 2 The width corresponds to the horizontal direction, i.e., the x-direction; the length corresponds to the horizontal direction, i.e., the y-direction.

[0077] The compressive strength of ordinary concrete is generally between 20 and 60 MPa, while that of ultra-high performance concrete is generally above 150 MPa, and some can reach above 200 MPa. Currently, the ultimate compressive strength of concrete can reach 600 MPa. In some embodiments, the cabin 11, the hatch 12, and the energy storage box 13 can be formed of ordinary concrete or ultra-high performance concrete, and the concrete interior can be reinforced with steel bars or synthetic fibers to enhance the overall performance of the concrete composite material.

[0078] Referring to Figure 10, as another embodiment, a liquid storage tank 1105 is also provided on the top of the first energy storage compartment 10a. For example, if both the liquid cooling system and the liquid fire extinguishing system use water as a substrate, the liquid storage tank 1105 can be used as a liquid storage device shared by the liquid cooling system and the fire extinguishing system. The liquid storage tank 1105 is enclosed by a wall made of concrete composite material. For example, a portion of the top fireproof partition area 1104 can be separated as the liquid storage tank 1105, and a cover 117 is provided above the liquid storage tank 1105. The area on the top of the first energy storage compartment 10a other than the liquid storage tank 1105 (including the area above the first explosion vent 1131 and the area above the cover 117) can be used to install equipment, such as energy storage converters (PCS), refrigeration units, etc. A ladder (not shown) can be provided on the outer wall of the compartment 11 to facilitate construction personnel to climb to the top of the compartment 11 to maintain or repair the equipment.

[0079] When the first energy storage compartment 10a is applied to an energy storage power station, multiple first energy storage compartments 10a can be arranged horizontally without spacing, or back-to-back without spacing. There is no need to leave a fireproof distance between adjacent first energy storage compartments 10a, which can greatly reduce the footprint of the energy storage power station. Example 2

[0080] As shown in Figures 11 to 13, the present invention provides a precast concrete energy storage chamber 10b (hereinafter referred to as the second energy storage chamber 10b). Based on the technical solution of the first energy storage chamber 10a disclosed in Embodiment 1, two or more accommodating spaces 110 are stacked along the height direction to increase the energy storage capacity of the energy storage chamber without increasing the floor area.

[0081] Referring to the schematic diagram shown in Figure 11, the second energy storage compartment 10b has two accommodating spaces 110 stacked along the height direction as an example. Other structures are the same as or similar to the technical solution of the first energy storage compartment 10a disclosed in Embodiment 1, and will not be described again here.

[0082] For example, multiple energy storage boxes 13 are installed in each storage space 110. For instance, six energy storage boxes 13 are stacked within each storage space 110. Each energy storage box 13 contains an energy storage unit with a storage capacity of 418 kWh. Therefore, the total energy storage capacity of the second energy storage compartment 10b is 5 MWh. The second energy storage compartment 10b has a width of approximately 2.7 m, a length of approximately 5.6 m, a height of approximately 6.5 m, and occupies an area of ​​approximately 15 m². 2 Wherein, the width corresponds to the horizontal transverse direction, i.e., the x-direction, and the length corresponds to the horizontal longitudinal direction, i.e., the y-direction. That is, when the length and width of the accommodating space 110 are the same, the second energy storage compartment 10b is the same as the first energy storage compartment 10a, and the second energy storage compartment 10b expands the energy storage capacity relative to the first energy storage compartment 10a in the height direction.

[0083] The cabin 11 can be integrally cast on site using concrete composite material or prefabricated in a factory. Reinforcing plates or beams made of concrete composite material can be installed between adjacent accommodating spaces 110 inside the cabin 11 to improve the load-bearing capacity of the cabin 11.

[0084] As shown in Figure 13, the cabin 11 is formed by splicing a first cabin unit 11a and a second cabin unit 11b along a horizontal longitudinal direction. The splicing method can be welding or concrete casting. Both the first cabin unit 11a and the second cabin unit 11b are prefabricated in a factory using concrete composite materials, and the weight of both units does not exceed the maximum weight limit stipulated for the gross vehicle weight of road freight vehicles. In other alternative embodiments, the cabin 11 can also be formed by splicing precast concrete cabin units along a height direction.

[0085] As shown in Figure 13, the liquid storage tank 1105 can be located on top of the second compartment unit 11b, and the area on top of the first compartment unit 11a and the area above the cover plate 117 can both be used for installing equipment. In other alternative embodiments, the liquid storage tank can also be located below the compartment 11, and the top of the compartment 11 can be used only for installing electrical equipment.

[0086] As shown in Figure 14, when the second energy storage compartment 10b is applied to an energy storage power station, multiple second energy storage compartments 10b can be arranged horizontally without spacing to form a second energy storage compartment assembly 100b. No fire-prevention distance needs to be maintained between adjacent second energy storage compartments 10b, thus significantly reducing the footprint of the energy storage power station. Furthermore, the second energy storage compartment assembly 100b can be arranged face-to-face or back-to-back without spacing, forming a matrix arrangement. Compared to a matrix arrangement of energy storage containers, since sufficient fire-prevention distances must be maintained between adjacent energy storage containers, the footprint of the energy storage power station can be significantly reduced.

[0087] The detailed descriptions listed above are merely specific descriptions of feasible embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the spirit of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0088] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0089] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A precast concrete energy storage chamber, characterized in that, include: The cabin includes walls made of concrete composite material and forms an open accommodating space, which is configured to have a plurality of accommodating cavities arranged along the height direction. The hatch, made of concrete composite material, is pivotally connected to the side edge of the opening; An energy storage box is adapted to be inserted into the receiving cavity. The energy storage box is equipped with a basin-shaped box body and a cover plate. The cover plate covers the basin-shaped box body to form a closed energy storage cavity. Both the basin-shaped box body and the cover plate are made of concrete composite material.

2. The precast concrete energy storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage tank is equipped with a fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe, which has a fire extinguishing agent spray end exposed to the energy storage cavity. The energy storage tank is also equipped with an overflow branch pipe that cooperates with the fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe. The overflow branch pipe has an overflow inlet exposed to the energy storage cavity, which is used to inject liquid fire extinguishing agent into the energy storage cavity through the fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe and maintain the liquid level at the level of the overflow inlet through the overflow branch pipe.

3. The precast concrete energy storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage box is also equipped with a gas extinguishing component, which includes a sealed container containing concentrated extinguishing gas or solid extinguishing gas. The sealed container is sealed with a colloid to open its opening. When the temperature inside the energy storage chamber exceeds a preset temperature, the colloid on the sealed container melts to open the opening.

4. The precast concrete energy storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The interior of the basin-shaped housing is provided with at least one partition plate, which is configured to divide the energy storage cavity into at least two sub-energy storage cavities. The partition plate is made of concrete composite material, and a wiring area connecting the adjacent sub-energy storage cavities is provided on the partition plate.

5. The precast concrete energy storage tank according to claim 4, characterized in that, The energy storage tank is equipped with a fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe and an overflow branch pipe. The fire extinguishing agent supply branch pipe is equipped with a fire extinguishing agent injection end in each of the sub-energy storage chambers, and the overflow branch pipe is equipped with an overflow inlet in each of the sub-energy storage chambers. The energy storage tank is also equipped with a liquid-cooled water inlet branch pipe and a liquid-cooled water return branch pipe. The liquid-cooled water inlet branch pipe is equipped with a liquid-cooled output connection end exposed in each of the sub-energy storage chambers, and the liquid-cooled water return branch pipe is equipped with a liquid-cooled water return connection end exposed in each of the sub-energy storage chambers.

6. The precast concrete energy storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cabin is equipped with track beams, and several track beams are arranged in two opposing rows along the height direction on opposite side walls inside the cabin. The track beams divide the accommodating space into several accommodating cavities. An angled joint plate is embedded at the corner of the track beam support surface, and the energy storage box is slidably connected to the angled joint plate.

7. The precast concrete energy storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage box is also equipped with a movable component connected to the basin-shaped box body. A support component is embedded inside the basin-shaped box body. The movable component includes several pulleys, a pulley shaft for supporting and driving the pulleys, and a bearing sleeved on the pulley shaft. The bearing is welded and fixed to the support component.

8. The precast concrete energy storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cabin is integrally cast, or the cabin is formed by splicing at least two cabin units along the horizontal longitudinal direction, or the cabin is formed by splicing at least two cabin units along the height direction.

9. The precast concrete energy storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cabin includes a top wall and side walls. The hatch is located on one side of the cabin in a horizontal longitudinal direction. The side walls on both sides of the cabin extend outward from the location of the hatch in a horizontal longitudinal direction to form a first fireproof partition zone. The top wall protrudes upward from its circumference to form a second fireproof partition zone. A pressure relief valve is provided on the energy storage box. A first explosion vent is provided on the cabin. A second explosion vent is provided on the hatch. The first explosion vent and the second explosion vent are connected through the accommodating space.

10. The precast concrete energy storage tank according to claim 9, characterized in that, A partition wall protrudes upward from the middle of the top wall of the cabin. The partition wall is configured to divide the second fireproof partition into at least two relatively independent functional areas, one of which is configured as a liquid storage tank.

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