Method, apparatus, and medium for point cloud coding
By eliminating redundant signaling of temporal filtering indications in point cloud coding, the method improves coding efficiency by avoiding unnecessary transmissions when RAHT or integer Harr transform is used, addressing inefficiencies in conventional techniques.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/107406
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-07-08
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-07
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-15
AI Technical Summary
Conventional point cloud coding techniques suffer from inefficient coding efficiency due to redundant transmission of temporal filtering indications when the region adaptive hierarchical transform (RAHT) is not used or an integer Harr transform is employed, leading to unnecessary signaling of parameters.
The proposed method avoids signaling a first set of indications associated with a temporal filtering process in the bitstream when RAHT is not used as an attribute coding scheme or an integer Harr transform is used, thereby improving coding efficiency by eliminating redundant transmissions.
This approach enhances coding efficiency by eliminating redundant signaling, thereby optimizing the transmission process and improving overall performance.
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Figure CN2025107406_15012026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD, APPARATUS, AND MEDIUM FOR POINT CLOUD CODINGFIELDS
[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure relates generally to point cloud coding techniques, and more particularly, to information transmission for point cloud coding.BACKGROUND
[0002] A point cloud is a collection of individual data points in a three-dimensional (3D) plane with each point having a set coordinate on the X, Y, and Z axes. Thus, a point cloud may be used to represent the physical content of the three-dimensional space. Point clouds have shown to be a promising way to represent 3D visual data for a wide range of immersive applications, from augmented reality to autonomous cars.
[0003] Point cloud coding standards have evolved primarily through the development of the well-known MPEG organization. MPEG, short for Moving Picture Experts Group, is one of the main standardization groups dealing with multimedia. In 2017, the MPEG 3D Graphics Coding group (3DG) published a call for proposals (CFP) document to start to develop point cloud coding standard. The final standard will consist in two classes of solutions. Video-based Point Cloud Compression (V-PCC or VPCC) is appropriate for point sets with a relatively uniform distribution of points. Geometry-based Point Cloud Compression (G-PCC or GPCC) is appropriate for more sparse distributions. However, coding efficiency of conventional point cloud coding techniques is generally expected to be further improved.SUMMARY
[0004] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for point cloud coding.
[0005] In a first aspect, a method for point cloud coding is proposed. The method comprises: performing a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence, wherein in accordance with that a region adaptive hierarchical transform (RAHT) is not used as an attribute coding scheme for the current PC sample or an integer Harr transform is used for the RAHT, a first set of indications associated with a temporal filtering process is absent from the bitstream.
[0006] Based on the method in accordance with the first aspect of the present disclosure, in a case where RAHT is not used as an attribute coding scheme for the current PC sample or an integer Harr transform is used for the RAHT, a first set of indications associated with a temporal filtering process is not signaled the bitstream. Compared with the conventional solution where this first set of indications is signaled in the bitstream in such a case, the proposed method can advantageously avoid redundant transmission of temporal filtering related indication (s) due to the fact that the temporal filtering process is disabled in such a case. Thereby, the coding efficiency can be improved.
[0007] In a second aspect, an apparatus for point cloud coding is proposed. The apparatus comprises a processor and a non-transitory memory with instructions thereon. The instructions upon execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform a method in accordance with the first aspect of the present disclosure.
[0008] In a third aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is proposed. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores instructions that cause a processor to perform a method in accordance with the first aspect of the present disclosure.
[0009] In a fourth aspect, another non-transitory computer-readable recording medium is proposed. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium stores a bitstream of a point cloud sequence which is generated by a method performed by a point cloud processing apparatus. The method comprises: performing a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of the point cloud sequence and the bitstream, wherein in accordance with that a region adaptive hierarchical transform (RAHT) is not used as an attribute coding scheme for the current PC sample or an integer Harr transform is used for the RAHT, a first set of indications associated with a temporal filtering process is absent from the bitstream.
[0010] In a fifth aspect, a method for storing a bitstream of a point cloud sequence is proposed. The method comprises: performing a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of the point cloud sequence and the bitstream, wherein in accordance with that a region adaptive hierarchical transform (RAHT) is not used as an attribute coding scheme for the current PC sample or an integer Harr transform is used for the RAHT, a first set of indications associated with a temporal filtering process is absent from the bitstream; and storing the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium.
[0011] This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] Through the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, the above and other objectives, features, and advantages of example embodiments of the present disclosure will become more apparent. In the example embodiments of the present disclosure, the same reference numerals usually refer to the same components.
[0013] Fig. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an example point cloud coding system in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0014] Fig. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example GPCC encoder in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0015] Fig. 3 illustrates a block diagram of an example GPCC decoder in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0016] Fig. 4 illustrates a flowchart of a method for point cloud coding in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0017] Fig. 5 illustrates a block diagram of a computing device in which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented.
[0018] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals usually refer to the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0020] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0021] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an example embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0022] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0023] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. Example Environment
[0024] Fig. 1 is a block diagram that illustrates an example point cloud coding system 100 that may utilize the techniques of the present disclosure. As shown, the point cloud coding system 100 may include a source device 110 and a destination device 120. The source device 110 can be also referred to as a point cloud encoding device, and the destination device 120 can be also referred to as a point cloud decoding device. In operation, the source device 110 can be configured to generate encoded point cloud data and the destination device 120 can be configured to decode the encoded point cloud data generated by the source device 110. The techniques of some example embodiments of this disclosure are generally directed to coding (encoding and / or decoding) point cloud data, i.e., to support point cloud compression. The coding may be effective in compressing and / or decompressing point cloud data.
[0025] Source device 110 and destination device 120 may comprise any of a wide range of devices, including desktop computers, notebook (i.e., laptop) computers, tablet computers, set-top boxes, telephone handsets such as smartphones and mobile phones, televisions, cameras, display devices, digital media players, video gaming consoles, video streaming devices, vehicles (e.g., terrestrial or marine vehicles, spacecraft, aircraft, etc. ) , robots, LIDAR devices, satellites, extended reality devices, or the like. In some cases, source device 110 and destination device 120 may be equipped for wireless communication.
[0026] The source device 110 may include a data source 112, a memory 114, a GPCC encoder 116, and an input / output (I / O) interface 118. The destination device 120 may include an input / output (I / O) interface 128, a GPCC decoder 126, a memory 124, and a data consumer 122. In accordance with some example embodiments of this disclosure, GPCC encoder 116 of source device 110 and GPCC decoder 126 of destination device 120 may be configured to apply the techniques of some example embodiments of this disclosure related to point cloud coding. Thus, source device 110 represents an example of an encoding device, while destination device 120 represents an example of a decoding device. In other examples, source device 110 and destination device 120 may include other components or arrangements. For example, source device 110 may receive data (e.g., point cloud data) from an internal or external source. Likewise, destination device 120 may interface with an external data consumer, rather than include a data consumer in the same device.
[0027] In general, data source 112 represents a source of point cloud data (i.e., raw, unencoded point cloud data) and may provide a sequential series of “frames” of the point cloud data to GPCC encoder 116, which encodes point cloud data for the frames. In some examples, data source 112 generates the point cloud data. Data source 112 of source device 110 may include a point cloud capture device, such as any of a variety of cameras or sensors, e.g., one or more video cameras, an archive containing previously captured point cloud data, a 3D scanner or a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) device, and / or a data feed interface to receive point cloud data from a data content provider. Thus, in some examples, data source 112 may generate the point cloud data based on signals from a LIDAR apparatus. Alternatively or additionally, point cloud data may be computer-generated from scanner, camera, sensor or other data. For example, data source 112 may generate the point cloud data, or produce a combination of live point cloud data, archived point cloud data, and computer-generated point cloud data. In each case, GPCC encoder 116 encodes the captured, pre-captured, or computer-generated point cloud data. GPCC encoder 116 may rearrange frames of the point cloud data from the received order (sometimes referred to as “display order” ) into a coding order for coding. GPCC encoder 116 may generate one or more bitstreams including encoded point cloud data. Source device 110 may then output the encoded point cloud data via I / O interface 118 for reception and / or retrieval by, e.g., I / O interface 128 of destination device 120. The encoded point cloud data may be transmitted directly to destination device 120 via the I / O interface 118 through the network 130A. The encoded point cloud data may also be stored onto a storage medium / server 130B for access by destination device 120.
[0028] Memory 114 of source device 110 and memory 124 of destination device 120 may represent general purpose memories. In some examples, memory 114 and memory 124 may store raw point cloud data, e.g., raw point cloud data from data source 112 and raw, decoded point cloud data from GPCC decoder 126. Additionally or alternatively, memory 114 and memory 124 may store software instructions executable by, e.g., GPCC encoder 116 and GPCC decoder 126, respectively. Although memory 114 and memory 124 are shown separately from GPCC encoder 116 and GPCC decoder 126 in this example, it should be understood that GPCC encoder 116 and GPCC decoder 126 may also include internal memories for functionally similar or equivalent purposes. Furthermore, memory 114 and memory 124 may store encoded point cloud data, e.g., output from GPCC encoder 116 and input to GPCC decoder 126. In some examples, portions of memory 114 and memory 124 may be allocated as one or more buffers, e.g., to store raw, decoded, and / or encoded point cloud data. For instance, memory 114 and memory 124 may store point cloud data.
[0029] I / O interface 118 and I / O interface 128 may represent wireless transmitters / receivers, modems, wired networking components (e.g., Ethernet cards) , wireless communication components that operate according to any of a variety of IEEE 802.11 standards, or other physical components. In examples where I / O interface 118 and I / O interface 128 comprise wireless components, I / O interface 118 and I / O interface 128 may be configured to transfer data, such as encoded point cloud data, according to a cellular communication standard, such as 4G, 4G-LTE (Long-Term Evolution) , LTE Advanced, 5G, or the like. In some examples where I / O interface 118 comprises a wireless transmitter, I / O interface 118 and I / O interface 128 may be configured to transfer data, such as encoded point cloud data, according to other wireless standards, such as an IEEE 802.11 specification. In some examples, source device 110 and / or destination device 120 may include respective system-on-a-chip (SoC) devices. For example, source device 110 may include an SoC device to perform the functionality attributed to GPCC encoder 116 and / or I / O interface 118, and destination device 120 may include an SoC device to perform the functionality attributed to GPCC decoder 126 and / or I / O interface 128.
[0030] The techniques of some example embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to encoding and decoding in support of any of a variety of applications, such as communication between autonomous vehicles, communication between scanners, cameras, sensors and processing devices such as local or remote servers, geographic mapping, or other applications.
[0031] I / O interface 128 of destination device 120 receives an encoded bitstream from source device 110. The encoded bitstream may include signaling information defined by GPCC encoder 116, which is also used by GPCC decoder 126, such as syntax elements having values that represent a point cloud. Data consumer 122 uses the decoded data. For example, data consumer 122 may use the decoded point cloud data to determine the locations of physical objects. In some examples, data consumer 122 may comprise a display to present imagery based on the point cloud data.
[0032] GPCC encoder 116 and GPCC decoder 126 each may be implemented as any of a variety of suitable encoder and / or decoder circuitry, such as one or more microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) , application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , discrete logic, software, hardware, firmware or any combinations thereof. When the techniques are implemented partially in software, a device may store instructions for the software in a suitable, non-transitory computer-readable medium and execute the instructions in hardware using one or more processors to perform the techniques of some example embodiments of this disclosure. Each of GPCC encoder 116 and GPCC decoder 126 may be included in one or more encoders or decoders, either of which may be integrated as part of a combined encoder / decoder (CODEC) in a respective device. A device including GPCC encoder 116 and / or GPCC decoder 126 may comprise one or more integrated circuits, microprocessors, and / or other types of devices.
[0033] GPCC encoder 116 and GPCC decoder 126 may operate according to a coding standard, such as video point cloud compression (VPCC) standard or a geometry point cloud compression (GPCC) standard. This disclosure may generally refer to coding (e.g., encoding and decoding) of frames to include the process of encoding or decoding data. An encoded bitstream generally includes a series of values for syntax elements representative of coding decisions (e.g., coding modes) .
[0034] A point cloud may contain a set of points in a 3D space, and may have attributes associated with the point. The attributes may be color information such as R, G, B or Y, Cb, Cr, or reflectance information, or other attributes. Point clouds may be captured by a variety of cameras or sensors such as LIDAR sensors and 3D scanners and may also be computer-generated. Point cloud data are used in a variety of applications including, but not limited to, construction (modeling) , graphics (3D models for visualizing and animation) , and the automotive industry (LIDAR sensors used to help in navigation) .
[0035] Fig. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a GPCC encoder 200, which may be an example of the GPCC encoder 116 in the system 100 illustrated in Fig. 1, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a GPCC decoder 300, which may be an example of the GPCC decoder 126 in the system 100 illustrated in Fig. 1, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0036] In both GPCC encoder 200 and GPCC decoder 300, point cloud positions are coded first. Attribute coding depends on the decoded geometry. In Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the region adaptive hierarchical transform (RAHT) unit 218, surface approximation analysis unit 212, RAHT unit 314 and surface approximation synthesis unit 310 are options typically used for Category 1 data. The level-of-detail (LOD) generation unit 220, lifting unit 222, LOD generation unit 316 and inverse lifting unit 318 are options typically used for Category 3 data. All the other units are common between Categories 1 and 3.
[0037] For Category 3 data, the compressed geometry is typically represented as an octree from the root all the way down to a leaf level of individual voxels. For Category 1 data, the compressed geometry is typically represented by a pruned octree (i.e., an octree from the root down to a leaf level of blocks larger than voxels) plus a model that approximates the surface within each leaf of the pruned octree. In this way, both Category 1 and 3 data share the octree coding mechanism, while Category 1 data may in addition approximate the voxels within each leaf with a surface model. The surface model used is a triangulation comprising 1-10 triangles per block, resulting in a triangle soup. The Category 1 geometry codec is therefore known as the Trisoup geometry codec, while the Category 3 geometry codec is known as the Octree geometry codec.
[0038] In the example of Fig. 2, GPCC encoder 200 may include a coordinate transform unit 202, a color transform unit 204, a voxelization unit 206, an attribute transfer unit 208, an octree analysis unit 210, a surface approximation analysis unit 212, an arithmetic encoding unit 214, a geometry reconstruction unit 216, an RAHT unit 218, a LOD generation unit 220, a lifting unit 222, a coefficient quantization unit 224, and an arithmetic encoding unit 226.
[0039] As shown in the example of Fig. 2, GPCC encoder 200 may receive a set of positions and a set of attributes. The positions may include coordinates of points in a point cloud. The attributes may include information about points in the point cloud, such as colors associated with points in the point cloud.
[0040] Coordinate transform unit 202 may apply a transform to the coordinates of the points to transform the coordinates from an initial domain to a transform domain. This disclosure may refer to the transformed coordinates as transform coordinates. Color transform unit 204 may apply a transform to convert color information of the attributes to a different domain. For example, color transform unit 204 may convert color information from an RGB color space to a YCbCr color space.
[0041] Furthermore, in the example of Fig. 2, voxelization unit 206 may voxelize the transform coordinates. Voxelization of the transform coordinates may include quantizing and removing some points of the point cloud. In other words, multiple points of the point cloud may be subsumed within a single “voxel, ” which may thereafter be treated in some respects as one point. Furthermore, octree analysis unit 210 may generate an octree based on the voxelized transform coordinates. Additionally, in the example of Fig. 2, surface approximation analysis unit 212 may analyze the points to potentially determine a surface representation of sets of the points. Arithmetic encoding unit 214 may perform arithmetic encoding on syntax elements representing the information of the octree and / or surfaces determined by surface approximation analysis unit 212. GPCC encoder 200 may output these syntax elements in a geometry bitstream.
[0042] Geometry reconstruction unit 216 may reconstruct transform coordinates of points in the point cloud based on the octree, data indicating the surfaces determined by surface approximation analysis unit 212, and / or other information. The number of transform coordinates reconstructed by geometry reconstruction unit 216 may be different from the original number of points of the point cloud because of voxelization and surface approximation. This disclosure may refer to the resulting points as reconstructed points. Attribute transfer unit 208 may transfer attributes of the original points of the point cloud to reconstructed points of the point cloud data.
[0043] Furthermore, RAHT unit 218 may apply RAHT coding to the attributes of the reconstructed points. Alternatively or additionally, LOD generation unit 220 and lifting unit 222 may apply LOD processing and lifting, respectively, to the attributes of the reconstructed points. RAHT unit 218 and lifting unit 222 may generate coefficients based on the attributes. Coefficient quantization unit 224 may quantize the coefficients generated by RAHT unit 218 or lifting unit 222. Arithmetic encoding unit 226 may apply arithmetic coding to syntax elements representing the quantized coefficients. GPCC encoder 200 may output these syntax elements in an attribute bitstream.
[0044] In the example of Fig. 3, GPCC decoder 300 may include a geometry arithmetic decoding unit 302, an attribute arithmetic decoding unit 304, an octree synthesis unit 306, an inverse quantization unit 308, a surface approximation synthesis unit 310, a geometry reconstruction unit 312, a RAHT unit 314, a LOD generation unit 316, an inverse lifting unit 318, a coordinate inverse transform unit 320, and a color inverse transform unit 322.
[0045] GPCC decoder 300 may obtain a geometry bitstream and an attribute bitstream. Geometry arithmetic decoding unit 302 of decoder 300 may apply arithmetic decoding (e.g., CABAC or other type of arithmetic decoding) to syntax elements in the geometry bitstream. Similarly, attribute arithmetic decoding unit 304 may apply arithmetic decoding to syntax elements in attribute bitstream.
[0046] Octree synthesis unit 306 may synthesize an octree based on syntax elements parsed from geometry bitstream. In instances where surface approximation is used in geometry bitstream, surface approximation synthesis unit 310 may determine a surface model based on syntax elements parsed from geometry bitstream and based on the octree.
[0047] Furthermore, geometry reconstruction unit 312 may perform a reconstruction to determine coordinates of points in a point cloud. Coordinate inverse transform unit 320 may apply an inverse transform to the reconstructed coordinates to convert the reconstructed coordinates (positions) of the points in the point cloud from a transform domain back into an initial domain.
[0048] Additionally, in the example of Fig. 3, inverse quantization unit 308 may inverse quantize attribute values. The attribute values may be based on syntax elements obtained from attribute bitstream (e.g., including syntax elements decoded by attribute arithmetic decoding unit 304) .
[0049] Depending on how the attribute values are encoded, RAHT unit 314 may perform RAHT coding to determine, based on the inverse quantized attribute values, color values for points of the point cloud. Alternatively, LOD generation unit 316 and inverse lifting unit 318 may determine color values for points of the point cloud using a level of detail-based technique.
[0050] Furthermore, in the example of Fig. 3, color inverse transform unit 322 may apply an inverse color transform to the color values. The inverse color transform may be an inverse of a color transform applied by color transform unit 204 of encoder 200. For example, color transform unit 204 may transform color information from an RGB color space to a YCbCr color space. Accordingly, color inverse transform unit 322 may transform color information from the YCbCr color space to the RGB color space.
[0051] The various units of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are illustrated to assist with understanding the operations performed by encoder 200 and decoder 300. The units may be implemented as fixed-function circuits, programmable circuits, or a combination thereof. Fixed-function circuits refer to circuits that provide particular functionality and are preset on the operations that can be performed. Programmable circuits refer to circuits that can be programmed to perform various tasks and provide flexible functionality in the operations that can be performed. For instance, programmable circuits may execute software or firmware that cause the programmable circuits to operate in the manner defined by instructions of the software or firmware. Fixed-function circuits may execute software instructions (e.g., to receive parameters or output parameters) , but the types of operations that the fixed-function circuits perform are generally immutable. In some examples, one or more of the units may be distinct circuit blocks (fixed-function or programmable) , and in some examples, one or more of the units may be integrated circuits.
[0052] Some example embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detailed hereinafter. It should be understood that section headings are used in the present document to facilitate ease of understanding and do not limit the embodiments disclosed in a section to only that section. Furthermore, while certain embodiments are described with reference to GPCC or other specific point cloud codecs, the disclosed techniques are applicable to other point cloud coding technologies also. Furthermore, while some embodiments describe point cloud coding steps in detail, it will be understood that corresponding steps decoding that undo the coding will be implemented by a decoder. 1. Brief Summary
[0053] The present disclosure is related to point cloud coding technologies. Specifically, it is related to the syntax elements transmission for point cloud compression. The ideas may be applied individually or in various combination, to any point cloud coding standard or non-standard point cloud codec, e.g., the being-developed Geometry based Point Cloud Compression (G-PCC) . 2. Abbreviations G-PCC Geometry based Point Cloud Compression MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group 3DG 3D Graphics Coding Group CFP Call For Proposal V-PCC Video-based Point Cloud Compression RAHT Region-Adaptive Hierarchical Transform APS Attribute Parameter Set ADU Attribute Data Unit 3. Background
[0054] MPEG, short for Moving Picture Experts Group, is one of the main standardization groups dealing with multimedia. In 2017, the MPEG 3D Graphics Coding group (3DG) published a call for proposals (CFP) document to start to develop point cloud coding standard. The final standard will consist in two classes of solutions. Video-based Point Cloud Compression (V-PCC) is appropriate for point sets with a relatively uniform distribution of points. Geometry-based Point Cloud Compression (G-PCC) is appropriate for more sparse distributions. Both V-PCC and G-PCC support the coding and decoding for single point cloud and point cloud sequence.
[0055] In one point cloud, there may be geometry information and attribute information. Geometry information is used to describe the geometry locations of the data points. Attribute information is used to record some details of the data points, such as textures, normal vectors, reflections and so on. In GPCC, the sequence level parameters to control the point cloud attribute decoding are signaled in the APS. The processing unit level parameters to control the point cloud attribute decoding are signaled in the ADU header. The semantic of part parameters are defined as follow: 3.1 Attribute inter prediction parameters attr_inter_prediction_enabled specifies whether (when 1) or not (when 0) inter prediction may be used to code the attributes of the point cloud. When attr_inter_prediction_enabled is not present, it shall be inferred to be 0. raht_inter_layer_depth_minus1 +1 specifies the number of layers of the transform tree where the inter prediction block is used to modify the prediction block. When raht_inter_layer_depth_minus1 is not present, it shall be inferred to be 0. raht_send_inter_filters specifies whether (when 1) or not (when 0) RAHT inter-prediction (temporal) filters will be sent to the decoder. When raht_send_inter_filters is not present, it shall be inferred to be 0. raht_inter_skip_layers specifies the number of layers of the transform tree for which the inter prediction block is skipped from the temporal filtering process. When raht_inter_skip_layers is not present, it shall be inferred to be 0. raht_inter_layer_code_enabled specifies whether (when 1) or not (when 0) per-RAHT-layer AC coding mode is present in the ADU. It is a requirement of bitstream conformance that raht_inter_layer_code_enabled shall be 0 when attr_inter_prediction_enabled is 0. When raht_inter_layer_code_enabled is not present, it shall be inferred to be 0. attr_inter_prediction_search_range specifies the range of indexes in a detail level's refinement list in the reference slice for which searched for nearest neighbours to include in a point's predictor set. When attr_inter_prediction_search_range is not present, it shall be inferred to be 0. 3.2 Attribute quantization parameters attr_qp_offset [qc] specifies per-slice offsets used to derive QPs for the primary (qc = 0) and any secondary (qc = 1) attribute components. When attr_qp_offset [qc] is not present, it shall be inferred to be 0. attr_qp_layers_present specifies whether (when 1) or not (when 0) per-transform-layer QP offsets are present in the ADU. attr_qp_layer_cnt_minus1 plus 1 specifies, when present, the number of levels in the LoD hierarchy or RAHT tree for which QP offsets are signalled. attr_qp_layer_offset [dpth] [qc] specifies QP offsets used for the primary (qc = 0) and any secondary (qc = 1) attribute components. Each offset applies to transform coefficients at depth dpth of the LoD hierarchy or RAHT tree. If the LoD hierarchy or RAHT tree has a greater number of levels than attr_qp_layer_cnt_minus1 + 1, attr_qp_layer_offset [attr_qp_layer_cnt_minus1] [qc] also specifies the QP offsets for transform coefficients at a depth greater than attr_qp_layer_cnt_minus1. The expression AttrQpLayerOffset [dpth] [qc] specifies the per layer QP offsets at depth dpth of the LoD hierarchy or RAHT tree. AttrQpLayerOffset [dpth] [qc] : = attr_qp_layers_present > 0 ? attr_qp_layer_offset [Min (attr_qp_layer_cnt_minus1, dpth) ] [qc] : 0. attr_qp_region_cnt specifies the number of spatial regions within the slice that have a region QP offset signalled. NOTE In profiles specified in this version of this document, all but the first region are ignored. attr_qp_region_bits_minus1 plus 1 specifies the length in bits of each syntax element attr_qp_region_origin_xyz, attr_qp_region_size_minus1_xyz, attr_qp_region_origin_rpi and attr_qp_region_size_minus1_rpi. attr_qp_region_origin_xyz [i] [k] and attr_qp_region_size_minus1_xyz [i] [k] specify, when present, the i- th spatial region in the slice where attr_qp_region_offset [i] [qc] applies. The region is a bounding box in the slice coordinate system with lower corner XYZ coordinates attr_qp_region_origin_xyz [i] [k] and dimensions attr_qp_region_size_minus1_xyz [i] [k] + 1. attr_qp_region_origin_rpi [i] [k] and attr_qp_region_size_minus1_rpi [i] [k] specify, when present, the i-th spatial region in the slice where attr_qp_region_offset [i] [qc] applies. The region is a bounding box in the scaled angular coordinate system used for attribute coding with lower corner RPI coordinates attr_qp_region_origin_rpi [i] [k] and dimensions attr_qp_region_size_minus1_rpi [i] [k] + 1. The expressions AttrRegionQpOrigin [i] [k] and AttrRegionQpSize [i] [k] specify the k-th component of the bounding box origin and size for the i-th QP region in attribute coordinates. AttrRegionQpOrigin [i] [k] = attr_coord_conv_enabled ? attr_qp_region_origin_rpi [i] [k] : attr_qp_region_origin_xyz [i] [StvToXyz [k] ] . AttrRegionQpSize [i] [k] = attr_coord_conv_enabled ? attr_qp_region_size_minus1_rpi [i] [k] + 1 : attr_qp_region_size_minus1_xyz [i] [StvToXyz [k] ] + 1. A constraint on the bounds of a region is specified by expression AttrRegionSizeConstraint [i] [k] . It is a requirement of bitstream conformance that AttrRegionSizeConstraint [i] [k] shall be true for every component k of each region i. AttrRegionSizeConstraint [i] [k] : = AttrRegionQpOrigin [i] [k] + AttrRegionQpSize [i] [k] < Exp2 (MaxSliceDimLog2) . attr_qp_region_offset [i] [qc] specifies offsets used to derive the QPs for the primary (qc = 0) and any secondary (qc = 1) attribute components of points positioned within the region defined by AttrRegionQpOrigin [i] and AttrRegionQpSize [i] . When attr_qp_region_offset [i] [qc] is not present, it shall be inferred to be 0. attr_AC_qp_offset_present specifies whether (when 1) or not (when 0) per-RAHT-layer AC transform coefficient QP offsets are present in the ADU. When attr_AC_qp_offset_present is not present, it shall be inferred to be 0. attr_AC_qp_layer_cnt_minus1 plus 1 specifies, when present, the number of levels in the RAHT tree for which AC QP offsets are present in the ADU. When attr_AC_qp_layer_cnt_minus1 is not present, it shall be inferred to be -1. attr_AC_qp_offset [dpth] [qc] [ACcompidx] specifies the per AC coefficient (ACcompidx = 0, 1, .. 6) QP offsets for the primary (qc = 0) and any secondary (qc = 1) attribute components at depth dpth of the RAHT tree. 4. Problems
[0056] The existing designs for point cloud attribute compression have the following problems: 1. The parameters for temporal filtering are signalled in APS and ADU when the RAHT based method is used for attribute coding. However, when lossless integer harr transform is applied, the temporal filtering is dis-abled. Thus, the signalling of temporal filtering parameters is useless when the lossless integer harr trans-form is applied. 2. The parameters for AC transform coefficient QP offsets are siganlled in ADU when the RAHT based method is used for attribute coding. However, when lossless integer harr transform is applied, the AC transform coefficient QP offset is disabled. Thus, the signalling of AC transform coefficient QP offset parameters is useless when the lossless integer harr transform is applied. 5. Detailed Solutions
[0057] To solve the above problems and some other problems not mentioned, methods as summarized below are disclosed. The solutions should be considered as examples to explain the general concepts and should not be interpreted in a narrow way. Furthermore, these solutions can be applied individually or combined in any manner. The processing unit described below may include but be not limited to slice / tile / frame and so on. 1) It is proposed to signal the geometry parameters only used for lossy compression only when the geometry compression is not lossless. a. In one example, whether the geometry compression is lossless may be derived at the encoder. b. In one example, whether the geometry compression is lossless may be derived at the decoder. i. In one example, whether the geometry compression is lossless may be derived based on the geometry quantization parameters. a) In one example, the geometry compression may be lossless only when the geom- etry quantization parameter (s) is (are) specific value (s) . b) In one example, the geometry quantization parameters may be signalled to the decoder. a. In one example, the geometry quantization parameters may be coded with fixed-length coding, unary coding, truncated unary coding, etc. al. b. In one example, the geometry quantization parameters may be coding in a predictive way. ii. In one example, whether the geometry compression is lossless may be derived based on the geometry quantization step value. a) In one example, the geometry compression may be lossless only when the geom- etry quantization step is specific value. b) In one example, the geometry quantization step may be derived at the decoder. c) In one example, the geometry quantization step may be signaled to the decoder. a. In one example, the geometry quantization step may be coded with fixed- length coding, unary coding, truncated unary coding, etc. al. b. In one example, the geometry quantization step may be coding in a pre- dictive way. d) In one example, the geometry quantization step may be conversed and signaled to the decoder. a. In one example, the conversed geometry quantization step may be coded with fixed-length coding, unary coding, truncated unary coding, etc. al. b. In one example, the conversed geometry quantization step may be coding in a predictive way. e) In one example, the geometry quantization step may be decoded and re-conversed at the decoder. c. In one example, whether the geometry compression is lossless may be signalled to the decoder. i. In one example, there may be one indicator to indicate whether the geometry compression is lossless. ii. In one example, the indicator may be signalled to the decoder. a) In one example, the indicator may be coded with fixed-length coding, unary cod- ing, truncated unary coding, etc. al. b) In one example, the indicator may be coding in a predictive way. d. In one example, there may be some processes only used for geometry lossy compression. i. In one example, there may be some parameter used to control these processes. e. In one example, these parameters may be signaled to the decoder only when the geometry compres- sion is not lossless. i. In one example, the parameters may be coded with fixed-length coding, unary coding, truncated unary coding, etc. al. ii. In one example, the parameters may be coding in a predictive way. 2) It is proposed to signal the geometry parameters only used for lossless compression only when the geometry compression is lossless. a. In one example, there may be some processes only used for geometry lossless compression. i. In one example, there may be some parameter used to control these processes. b. In one example, these parameters may be signaled to the decoder only when the geometry compres- sion is lossless. i. In one example, the parameters may be coded with fixed-length coding, unary coding, truncated unary coding, etc. al. ii. In one example, the parameters may be coding in a predictive way. 3) It is proposed to signal the attribute parameters only used for lossy compression only when the attribute compression is not lossless. a. In one example, whether the attribute compression is lossless may be derived at the encoder. b. In one example, whether the attribute compression is lossless may be derived at the decoder. i. In one example, whether the attribute compression is lossless may be derived based on the attribute quantization parameters. a) In one example, the attribute compression may be lossless only when the attribute quantization parameter (s) is (are) specific value (s) . b) In one example, the attribute quantization parameters may be signalled to the de- coder. a. In one example, the attribute quantization parameters may be coded with fixed-length coding, unary coding, truncated unary coding, etc. al. b. In one example, the attribute quantization parameters may be coding in a predictive way. ii. In one example, whether the attribute compression is lossless may be derived based on the attribute quantization step value. a) In one example, the attribute compression may be lossless only when the attribute quantization step is specific value. b) In one example, the attribute quantization step may be derived at the decoder. c) In one example, the attribute quantization step may be signaled to the decoder. a. In one example, the attribute quantization step may be coded with fixed- length coding, unary coding, truncated unary coding, etc. al. b. In one example, the attribute quantization step may be coding in a predic- tive way. d) In one example, the attribute quantization step may be conversed and signaled to the decoder. a. In one example, the conversed attribute quantization step may be coded with fixed-length coding, unary coding, truncated unary coding, etc. al. b. In one example, the conversed attribute quantization step may be coding in a predictive way. e) In one example, the attribute quantization step may be decoded and re-conversed at the decoder. c. In one example, whether the attribute compression is lossless may be signalled to the decoder. i. In one example, there may be one indicator to indicate whether the attribute compression is lossless. ii. In one example, the indicator may be signalled to the decoder. a) In one example, the indicator may be coded with fixed-length coding, unary cod- ing, truncated unary coding, etc. al. b) In one example, the indicator may be coding in a predictive way. d. In one example, there may be some processes only used for attribute lossy compression. i. In one example, there may be some parameter used to control these processes. e. In one example, these parameters may be signaled to the decoder only when the attribute compres- sion is not lossless. i. In one example, the parameters may be coded with fixed-length coding, unary coding, truncated unary coding, etc. al. ii. In one example, the parameters may be coding in a predictive way. 4) It is proposed to signal the attribute parameters only used for lossless compression only when the attribute compression is lossless. a. In one example, there may be some processes only used for attribute lossless compression. i. In one example, there may be some parameter used to control these processes. b. In one example, these parameters may be signaled to the decoder only when the attribute compres- sion is lossless. i. In one example, the parameters may be coded with fixed-length coding, unary coding, truncated unary coding, etc. al. ii. In one example, the parameters may be coding in a predictive way. 5) It is proposed to signal the attribute parameters only used for one specific attribute compression method only when the specific attribute compression method is used. a. In one example, there may be multiple attribute compression methods. i. In one example, one attribute compression method may be level-of-detail based method. ii. In one example, one attribute compression method may be RAHT based method. b. In one example, there may be some processes only used for one specific attribute compression method. i. In one example, there may be some parameter used to control these processes. c. In one example, these parameters may be signaled to the decoder only when the specific attribute compression method is used. i. In one example, the parameters may be coded with fixed-length coding, unary coding, truncated unary coding, etc. al. ii. In one example, the parameters may be coding in a predictive way. 6) It is proposed to signal the geometry parameters only used for one specific geometry compression method only when the specific geometry compression method is used. a. In one example, there may be multiple geometry compression methods. i. In one example, one geometry compression method may be octree based method. ii. In one example, one geometry compression method may be predictive tree based method. iii. In one example, one geometry compression method may be Tri-soup based method. b. In one example, there may be some processes only used for one specific geometry compression method. i. In one example, there may be some parameter used to control these processes. c. In one example, these parameters may be signaled to the decoder only when the specific geometry compression method is used. i. In one example, the parameters may be coded with fixed-length coding, unary coding, truncated unary coding, etc. al. ii. In one example, the parameters may be coding in a predictive way. 7) The above constraints on the parameters’ signaling can be combined to determine whether the parameter (s) is(are) signaled to the decoder. 8) It is proposed to signal the RAHT temporal filtering related parameters only when the RAHT method is used for lossy attribute compression. a. In one example, there may be one indicator to indicate whether the temporal filtering parameters are signaled to decoder. b. In one example, there may be one indicator / parameter to indicate the number of RAHT levels to skip the temporal filtering. c. Alternatively, there may be one indicator / parameter which is used to derive the number of RAHT levels to skip the temporal filtering. d. In one example, the above indicators / parameters may be signaled only when the RAHT method is used for lossy attribute compression. i. In one example, the indicators / parameters may be coded with fixed-length coding, unary coding, truncated unary coding, etc. al. ii. In one example, the indicators / parameters may be coding in a predictive way. 9) It is proposed to signal the RAHT AC coefficient QP offset related parameters when the RAHT method is used for lossy attribute compression. a. In one example, there may be one indicator to indicate whether per-RAHT-layer AC transform coefficient QP offsets are signaled to decoder. b. In one example, there may be one indicator / parameter to indicate the number of RAHT levels for which AC QP offsets are signaled to decoder. c. In one example, there may be some indicators / parameters to indicate the per AC coefficient QP offsets for the primary and any secondary attribute components. d. In one example, the above indicators / parameters may be signaled only when the RAHT method is used for lossy attribute compression. i. In one example, the indicators / parameters may be coded with fixed-length coding, unary coding, truncated unary coding, etc. al. ii. In one example, the indicators / parameters may be coding in a predictive way. 10) Whether to and / or how to apply a method disclosed above may be signaled from encoder to decoder in a bitstream / frame / tile / slice / octree / etc. 11) Whether to and / or how to apply the disclosed methods above may be dependent on coded information, such as dimensions, colour format, colour component, slice / picture type.
[0058] More details of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below which are related to syntax elements transmission for point cloud coding. The embodiments of the present disclosure should be considered as examples to explain the general concepts and should not be interpreted in a narrow way. Furthermore, these embodiments can be applied individually or combined in any manner.
[0059] As used herein, the term “point cloud sequence” may refer to a sequence of one or more point clouds. The term “point cloud frame” or “frame” may refer to a point cloud in a point cloud sequence. The term “point cloud (PC) sample” may refer to a frame, a sub-region within a frame, a slice, a tile, or any other suitable processing unit containing one or more nodes or points. As used herein, a slice may refer to geometry and attributes for part of, or an entire, coded point cloud frame, and a tile may refer to a set of slices.
[0060] As used herein, the term “geometry” may refer to point positions associated with a set of points, and the term “attribute” may refer to scalar or vector property associated with each point in a point cloud. Examples of an attribute may include, but not limited to, color, reflectance, frame index, or the like.
[0061] As used herein, the term “tree” may refer to a recursive structure of nodes without loops, and may contain a single root node. A tree structure (such as an octree or the like) may be used to implement spatial partition of a PC sample. The term “root node” may refer to a node without a parent node, and the term “leaf node” may refer to a terminal node without any child nodes. The term “depth” may refer to the number of descendent hops from the root node to a node. The term “tree level” may refer to a set of nodes at the same depth in a tree, and the term “tree level” may also be referred to as a level or a layer.
[0062] Fig. 4 illustrates a flowchart of a method 400 for point cloud coding in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 4, at 402, a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence is performed. In some embodiments the conversion may include encoding the current PC sample into the bitstream. Alternatively or additionally, the conversion may include decoding the current PC sample from the bitstream.
[0063] In addition, if a region adaptive hierarchical transform (RAHT) is not used as an attribute coding scheme for the current PC sample or an integer Harr transform is used for the RAHT, a first set of indications associated with a temporal filtering process is absent from the bitstream. It should be noted that the integer Harr transform is a lossless transform, and thus if an integer Harr transform is used for the RAHT, the RAHT is performed in a lossless manner, and thus attribute coding is performed in a lossless manner.
[0064] As used herein, an attribute prediction scheme is configured for determining a prediction associated with attribute information of a node. In one example embodiment, the prediction associated with the attribute information may comprise a prediction of the attribute information. In this case, at an encoder side, the prediction of the attribute information of the node may be determined based on attribute information of at least one reference node, a residual of the attribute information may be derived based on the attribute information and the prediction of the attribute information, and an RAHT may be performed on the residual of the attribute information.
[0065] In an alternative example embodiment, the prediction associated with the attribute information may comprise a prediction of a first coefficient for the attribute information, and the first coefficient is a result of performing an RAHT on the attribute information. By way of example, the first coefficient may be an alternating current (AC) coefficient or a direct current (DC) coefficient. In this case, the prediction of the first coefficient for the attribute information of the node may be determined based on a first coefficient for attribute information of a reference node, and a residual is derived based on the first coefficient for the attribute information of the node and the prediction.
[0066] In view of the above, in a case where RAHT is not used as an attribute coding scheme for the current PC sample or an integer Harr transform is used for the RAHT, a first set of indications associated with a temporal filtering process is not signaled the bitstream. Compared with the conventional solution where this first set of indications is signaled in the bitstream in such a case, the proposed method can advantageously avoid redundant transmission of temporal filtering related indication (s) due to the fact that the temporal filtering process is disabled in such a case. Thereby, the coding efficiency can be improved.
[0067] In some embodiments, the first set of indications may comprise an indication indicating whether or not an RAHT inter-prediction temporal filter is indicated in the bitstream. By way of example, this indication may be represented as raht_send_inter_filters or the like. Additionally or alternatively, the first set of indications may comprise an indication indicating the number of layers of a transform tree for which an inter prediction block is skipped from the temporal filtering process. By way of example, this indication may be represented as raht_inter_skip_layers or the like. As used herein, the transform tree may be a tree structure used for applying the RAHT on a PC sample, and thus the transform tree may also be referred to as an RAHT tree. In some further embodiments, the first set of indications may comprise an indication used to determine the number of layers of a transform tree for which an inter prediction block may be skipped from the temporal filtering process. It should be understood that the above examples are described merely for purpose of description. The scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this respect.
[0068] In some embodiments, if the RAHT is used as an attribute coding scheme for the current PC sample and the integer Harr transform is not used for the RAHT, the first set of indications may be present in the bitstream. For example, one of the first set of indications may be coded with fixed-length coding or exponential Golomb coding. Alternatively, one of the first set of indications may be coded with unary coding or truncated unary coding. In some further example embodiments, the first set of indications may be coded in a predictive manner.
[0069] In some embodiments, if the RAHT is not used as an attribute coding scheme for the current PC sample or the integer Harr transform is used for the RAHT, a second set of indications associated with a quantization parameter (QP) offset for an alternating current (AC) coefficient of the RAHT may be absent from the bitstream. Compared with the conventional solution where this second set of indications is signaled in the bitstream in such a case, the proposed method can advantageously avoid redundant transmission of RAHT AC coefficient QP offset related indication (s) due to the fact that the AC transform coefficient QP offset is disabled in such a case. Thereby, the coding efficiency can be improved.
[0070] In some embodiments, the second set of indications may comprise an indication indicating whether or not per-RAHT-layer AC transform coefficient QP offsets is present in an attribute data unit (ADU) in the bitstream. By way of example, this indication may be represented as attr_AC_qp_offset_present or the like. In addition, or alternatively, the second set of indications may comprise an indication indicating the number of levels in an RAHT tree for which AC QP offsets are present in an ADU in the bitstream. By way of example, this indication may be represented as attr_AC_qp_layer_cnt_minus1 or the like. In some further embodiments, the second set of indications may comprise at least one indication indicating per AC coefficient QP offsets for a primary attribute component and a secondary attribute component at a depth of an RAHT tree. By way of example, this indication may be represented as attr_AC_qp_offset [dpth] [qc] [ACcompidx] or the like.
[0071] In some embodiments, if the RAHT is used as an attribute coding scheme for the current PC sample and the integer Harr transform is not used for the RAHT, the second set of indications may be present in the bitstream. For example, one of the second set of indications may be coded with fixed-length coding or exponential Golomb coding. Alternatively, one of the second set of indications may be coded with unary coding or truncated unary coding. In a further example embodiment, the first set of indications may be coded in a predictive manner.
[0072] In some embodiments, if a geometry coding scheme applied for the current PC sample is lossless, a geometry parameter only used for a lossy geometry coding scheme may be absent from the bitstream. If the geometry coding scheme is lossy, the geometry parameter only used for the lossy geometry coding scheme may be indicated the bitstream. Compared with the conventional solution, the proposed method can advantageously avoid redundant transmission of an unused parameter (s) . Thereby, the coding efficiency can be improved.
[0073] In some embodiments, first information regarding whether the geometry coding scheme is lossless may be determined at an encoder. Alternatively, the first information may be determined at a decoder. In one example embodiment, the first information may be determined based on at least one geometry quantization parameter. For example, if each of the at least one geometry quantization parameter is equal to a corresponding predetermined value, the geometry coding scheme is lossless. The at least one geometry quantization parameter may be indicated in the bitstream. By way of example, the at least one geometry quantization parameter may be coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding. In addition or alternatively, the at least one geometry quantization parameter may be coded in a predictive manner.
[0074] In another example embodiment, the first information may be determined based on a geometry quantization step. For example, if the geometry quantization step is equal to a predetermined value, the geometry coding scheme is lossless. The geometry quantization step may be determined at a decoder. Alternatively, the geometry quantization step may be indicated in the bitstream. By way of example, the geometry quantization step may be coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding. In addition or alternatively, the geometry quantization step may be coded in a predictive manner.
[0075] Alternatively, the geometry quantization step may be transformed, and the transformed geometry quantization step may be indicated in the bitstream. By way of example, the transformed geometry quantization step may be coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding. In addition or alternatively, the transformed geometry quantization step may be coded in a predictive manner. Moreover, an inverse transformation may be applied on the transformed geometry quantization step at a decoder to obtain the geometry quantization step.
[0076] In some embodiments, the first information regarding whether the geometry coding scheme is lossless may be indicated in the bitstream. For example, the bitstream may comprise an indication indicating the first information. By way of example, the indication may be coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding. In addition or alternatively, the indication may be coded in a predictive manner.
[0077] In some embodiments, a first set of processes may be only used for the lossy geometry coding scheme. In addition, the first set of processes may be controlled by a first set of parameters. In this case, if the geometry coding scheme is lossless, the first set of parameters may be absent from the bitstream, or if the geometry coding scheme is lossy, the first set of parameters may be indicated the bitstream. By way of example, the first set of parameters may be coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding. In addition or alternatively, the first set of parameters may be coded in a predictive manner.
[0078] In some embodiments, if a geometry coding scheme applied for the current PC sample is lossy, a geometry parameter only used for a lossless geometry coding scheme may be absent from the bitstream. If the geometry coding scheme is lossless, the geometry parameter only used for the lossless geometry coding scheme may be indicated the bitstream. Compared with the conventional solution, the proposed method can advantageously avoid redundant transmission of an unused parameter (s) . Thereby, the coding efficiency can be improved.
[0079] In some embodiments, a second set of processes may be only used for the lossless geometry coding scheme. In addition, the second set of processes may be controlled by a second set of parameters. In this case, if the geometry coding scheme is lossy, the second set of parameters may be absent from the bitstream, or if the geometry coding scheme is lossless, the second set of parameters may be indicated the bitstream. By way of example, the second set of parameters may be coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding. In addition or alternatively, the second set of parameters may be coded in a predictive manner.
[0080] In some embodiments, if an attribute coding scheme applied for the current PC sample is lossless, an attribute parameter only used for a lossy attribute coding scheme may be absent from the bitstream. If the attribute coding scheme is lossy, the attribute parameter only used for the lossy attribute coding scheme may be indicated the bitstream. Compared with the conventional solution, the proposed method can advantageously avoid redundant transmission of an unused parameter (s) . Thereby, the coding efficiency can be improved.
[0081] In some embodiments, second information regarding whether the attribute coding scheme is lossless may be determined at an encoder. Alternatively, the second information may be determined at a decoder. In one example embodiment, the second information may be determined based on at least one attribute quantization parameter. For example, if each of the at least one attribute quantization parameter is equal to a corresponding predetermined value, the attribute coding scheme is lossless. The at least one attribute quantization parameter may be indicated in the bitstream. By way of example, the at least one attribute quantization parameter may be coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding. In addition or alternatively, the at least one attribute quantization parameter may be coded in a predictive manner.
[0082] In another example embodiment, the second information may be determined based on an attribute quantization step. For example, if the attribute quantization step is equal to a predetermined value, the attribute coding scheme is lossless. The attribute quantization step may be determined at a decoder. Alternatively, the attribute quantization step may be indicated in the bitstream. By way of example, the attribute quantization step may be coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding. In addition or alternatively, the attribute quantization step may be coded in a predictive manner.
[0083] Alternatively, the attribute quantization step may be transformed, and the transformed attribute quantization step may be indicated in the bitstream. By way of example, the transformed attribute quantization step may be coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding. In addition or alternatively, the transformed attribute quantization step may be coded in a predictive manner. Moreover, an inverse transformation may be applied on the transformed attribute quantization step at a decoder to obtain the attribute quantization step.
[0084] In some embodiments, the second information regarding whether the attribute coding scheme is lossless may be indicated in the bitstream. For example, the bitstream may comprise an indication indicating the second information. By way of example, the indication may be coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding. In addition or alternatively, the indication may be coded in a predictive manner.
[0085] In some embodiments, a third set of processes may be only used for the lossy attribute coding scheme. In addition, the third set of processes may be controlled by a third set of parameters. In this cases, if the attribute coding scheme is lossless, the third set of parameters may be absent from the bitstream, or if the attribute coding scheme is lossy, the third set of parameters may be indicated the bitstream. By way of example, the third set of parameters may be coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding. In addition or alternatively, the third set of parameters may be coded in a predictive manner.
[0086] In some embodiments, if an attribute coding scheme applied for the current PC sample is lossy, an attribute parameter only used for a lossless attribute coding scheme may be absent from the bitstream. If the attribute coding scheme is lossless, the attribute parameter only used for the lossless attribute coding scheme may be indicated the bitstream. Compared with the conventional solution, the proposed method can advantageously avoid redundant transmission of an unused parameter (s) . Thereby, the coding efficiency can be improved.
[0087] In some embodiments, a fourth set of processes may be only used for the lossless attribute coding scheme. In addition, the fourth set of processes may be controlled by a fourth set of parameters. In this case, if the attribute coding scheme is lossy, the fourth set of parameters may be absent from the bitstream, or if the attribute coding scheme is lossless, the fourth set of parameters may be indicated the bitstream. By way of example, the fourth set of parameters may be coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding. In addition or alternatively, the fourth set of parameters may be coded in a predictive manner.
[0088] In some embodiments, if a first attribute coding scheme is not applied for the current PC sample, an attribute parameter only used for the first attribute coding scheme may be absent from the bitstream. If the first attribute coding scheme is applied for the current PC sample, the attribute parameter only used for the first attribute coding scheme may be indicated the bitstream. Compared with the conventional solution, the proposed method can advantageously avoid redundant transmission of an unused parameter (s) . Thereby, the coding efficiency can be improved.
[0089] In some embodiments, a plurality of attribute coding schemes may be available to the current PC sample. By way of example rather than limitation, the plurality of attribute coding schemes may comprise a level-of-detail based scheme, a RAHT based scheme, and / or the like. In one example embodiment, a fifth set of processes may be only used for the first attribute coding scheme. In addition, the fifth set of processes may be controlled by a fifth set of parameters. In this case, if the first attribute coding scheme is not applied for the current PC sample, the fifth set of parameters may be absent from the bitstream, or if the first attribute coding scheme is applied for the current PC sample, the fifth set of parameters may be indicated the bitstream. By way of example, the fifth set of parameters may be coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding. In addition or alternatively, the fifth set of parameters may be coded in a predictive manner.
[0090] In some embodiments, if a first geometry coding scheme is not applied for the current PC sample, a geometry parameter only used for the first geometry coding scheme may be absent from the bitstream. If the first geometry coding scheme is applied for the current PC sample, the geometry parameter only used for the first geometry coding scheme may be indicated the bitstream. Compared with the conventional solution, the proposed method can advantageously avoid redundant transmission of an unused parameter (s) . Thereby, the coding efficiency can be improved.
[0091] In some embodiments, a plurality of geometry coding schemes may be available to the current PC sample. By way of example rather than limitation, the plurality of geometry coding schemes may comprise an occupancy tree based scheme, a predictive tree based scheme, a TriSoup based scheme, and / or the like. In one example embodiment, a sixth set of processes may be only used for the first geometry coding scheme. In addition, the sixth set of processes may be controlled by a sixth set of parameters. In this case, if the first geometry coding scheme is not applied for the current PC sample, the sixth set of parameters may be absent from the bitstream, or if the first geometry coding scheme is applied for the current PC sample, the sixth set of parameters may be indicated the bitstream. By way of example, the sixth set of parameters may be coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding. In addition or alternatively, the sixth set of parameters may be coded in a predictive manner.
[0092] In some embodiments, whether to and / or how to apply the method may be indicated in the bitstream at a frame level, a tile level, a slice level, an octree level, or the like. In some additional or alternative embodiments, whether to and / or how to apply the method may be dependent on coded information of the current PC sample. For example, the coded information may comprise dimensions, color format, color component, slice type, picture type, and / or the like.
[0093] In view of the above, the solutions in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure can advantageously improve coding efficiency and coding quality.
[0094] According to further embodiments of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium stores a bitstream of a point cloud sequence which is generated by a method performed by a point cloud processing apparatus. The method comprises: performing a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of the point cloud sequence and the bitstream, wherein in accordance with that a region adaptive hierarchical transform (RAHT) is not used as an attribute coding scheme for the current PC sample or an integer Harr transform is used for the RAHT, a first set of indications associated with a temporal filtering process is absent from the bitstream.
[0095] According to still further embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for storing bitstream of a point cloud sequence is provided. The method comprises: performing a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of the point cloud sequence and the bitstream, wherein in accordance with that a region adaptive hierarchical transform (RAHT) is not used as an attribute coding scheme for the current PC sample or an integer Harr transform is used for the RAHT, a first set of indications associated with a temporal filtering process is absent from the bitstream; and storing the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium.
[0096] Implementations of the present disclosure can be described in view of the following clauses, the features of which can be combined in any reasonable manner.
[0097] Clause 1. A method for point cloud processing, comprising: performing a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence, wherein in accordance with that a region adaptive hierarchical transform (RAHT) is not used as an attribute coding scheme for the current PC sample or an integer Harr transform is used for the RAHT, a first set of indications associated with a temporal filtering process is absent from the bitstream.
[0098] Clause 2. The method of clause 1, wherein the first set of indications comprises an indication indicating whether or not an RAHT inter-prediction temporal filter is indicated in the bitstream.
[0099] Clause 3. The method of any of clauses 1-2, wherein the first set of indications comprises an indication indicating the number of layers of a transform tree for which an inter prediction block is skipped from the temporal filtering process, the transform tree is a tree structure used for applying the RAHT on a PC sample.
[0100] Clause 4. The method of any of clauses 1-3, wherein the first set of indications comprises an indication used to determine the number of layers of a transform tree for which an inter prediction block is skipped from the temporal filtering process, the transform tree is a tree structure used for applying the RAHT on a PC sample.
[0101] Clause 5. The method of any of clauses 1-4, wherein in accordance with that the RAHT is used as an attribute coding scheme for the current PC sample and the integer Harr transform is not used for the RAHT, the first set of indications is present in the bitstream.
[0102] Clause 6. The method of any of clauses 1-5, wherein one of the first set of indications is coded with fixed-length coding or exponential Golomb coding.
[0103] Clause 7. The method of any of clauses 1-5, wherein one of the first set of indications is coded with unary coding or truncated unary coding, or wherein the first set of indications is coded in a predictive manner.
[0104] Clause 8. The method of any of clauses 1-7, wherein in accordance with that the RAHT is not used as an attribute coding scheme for the current PC sample or the integer Harr transform is used for the RAHT, a second set of indications associated with a quantization parameter (QP) offset for an alternating current (AC) coefficient of the RAHT is absent from the bitstream.
[0105] Clause 9. The method of clause 8, wherein the second set of indications comprises an indication indicating whether or not per-RAHT-layer AC transform coefficient QP offsets are present in an attribute data unit (ADU) in the bitstream.
[0106] Clause 10. The method of any of clauses 8-9, wherein the second set of indications comprises an indication indicating the number of levels in an RAHT tree for which AC QP offsets are present in an ADU in the bitstream, the RAHT tree is a tree structure used for applying the RAHT on a PC sample.
[0107] Clause 11. The method of any of clauses 8-10, wherein the second set of indications comprises at least one indication indicating per AC coefficient QP offsets for a primary attribute component and a secondary attribute component at a depth of an RAHT tree, the RAHT tree is a tree structure used for applying the RAHT on a PC sample.
[0108] Clause 12. The method of any of clauses 8-11, wherein in accordance with that the RAHT is used as an attribute coding scheme for the current PC sample and the integer Harr transform is not used for the RAHT, the second set of indications is present in the bitstream.
[0109] Clause 13. The method of any of clauses 8-12, wherein one of the second set of indications is coded with fixed-length coding or exponential Golomb coding.
[0110] Clause 14. The method of any of clauses 8-12, wherein one of the second set of indications is coded with unary coding or truncated unary coding, or wherein the first set of indications is coded in a predictive manner.
[0111] Clause 15. The method of any of clauses 1-14, wherein in accordance with that a geometry coding scheme applied for the current PC sample is lossless, a geometry parameter only used for a lossy geometry coding scheme is absent from the bitstream, or in accordance with that the geometry coding scheme is lossy, the geometry parameter only used for the lossy geometry coding scheme is indicated the bitstream.
[0112] Clause 16. The method of clause 15, wherein first information regarding whether the geometry coding scheme is lossless is determined at an encoder, or the first information is determined at a decoder.
[0113] Clause 17. The method of clause 16, wherein the first information is determined based on at least one geometry quantization parameter.
[0114] Clause 18. The method of clause 17, wherein in accordance with that each of the at least one geometry quantization parameter is equal to a corresponding predetermined value, the geometry coding scheme is lossless.
[0115] Clause 19. The method of any of clauses 17-18, wherein the at least one geometry quantization parameter is indicated in the bitstream.
[0116] Clause 20. The method of clause 19, wherein the at least one geometry quantization parameter is coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding, or wherein the at least one geometry quantization parameter is coded in a predictive manner.
[0117] Clause 21. The method of any of clauses 16-20, wherein the first information is determined based on a geometry quantization step.
[0118] Clause 22. The method of clause 21, wherein in accordance with that the geometry quantization step is equal to a predetermined value, the geometry coding scheme is lossless.
[0119] Clause 23. The method of any of clauses 21-22, wherein the geometry quantization step is determined at a decoder.
[0120] Clause 24. The method of any of clauses 21-22, wherein the geometry quantization step is indicated in the bitstream.
[0121] Clause 25. The method of clause 24, wherein the geometry quantization step is coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding, or wherein the geometry quantization step is coded in a predictive manner.
[0122] Clause 26. The method of any of clauses 21-22, wherein the geometry quantization step is transformed, and the transformed geometry quantization step is indicated in the bitstream.
[0123] Clause 27. The method of clause 26, wherein the transformed geometry quantization step is coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding, or wherein the transformed geometry quantization step is coded in a predictive manner.
[0124] Clause 28. The method of any of clauses 26-27, wherein an inverse transformation is applied on the transformed geometry quantization step at a decoder to obtain the geometry quantization step.
[0125] Clause 29. The method of clause 15, wherein first information regarding whether the geometry coding scheme is lossless is indicated in the bitstream.
[0126] Clause 30. The method of clause 29, wherein the bitstream comprises an indication indicating the first information.
[0127] Clause 31. The method of clause 30, wherein the indication is coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding, or wherein the indication is coded in a predictive manner.
[0128] Clause 32. The method of any of clauses 15-31, wherein a first set of processes is only used for the lossy geometry coding scheme.
[0129] Clause 33. The method of clause 32, wherein the first set of processes is controlled by a first set of parameters.
[0130] Clause 34. The method of clause 33, wherein in accordance with that the geometry coding scheme is lossless, the first set of parameters is absent from the bitstream, or in accordance with that the geometry coding scheme is lossy, the first set of parameters is indicated the bitstream.
[0131] Clause 35. The method of clause 34, wherein the first set of parameters is coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding, or wherein the first set of parameters is coded in a predictive manner.
[0132] Clause 36. The method of any of clauses 1-35, wherein in accordance with that a geometry coding scheme applied for the current PC sample is lossy, a geometry parameter only used for a lossless geometry coding scheme is absent from the bitstream, or in accordance with that the geometry coding scheme is lossless, the geometry parameter only used for the lossless geometry coding scheme is indicated the bitstream.
[0133] Clause 37. The method of clause 36, wherein a second set of processes is only used for the lossless geometry coding scheme.
[0134] Clause 38. The method of clause 37, wherein the second set of processes is controlled by a second set of parameters.
[0135] Clause 39. The method of clause 38, wherein in accordance with that the geometry coding scheme is lossy, the second set of parameters is absent from the bitstream, or in accordance with that the geometry coding scheme is lossless, the second set of parameters is indicated the bitstream.
[0136] Clause 40. The method of clause 39, wherein the second set of parameters is coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding, or wherein the second set of parameters is coded in a predictive manner.
[0137] Clause 41. The method of any of clauses 1-40, wherein in accordance with that an attribute coding scheme applied for the current PC sample is lossless, an attribute parameter only used for a lossy attribute coding scheme is absent from the bitstream, or in accordance with that the attribute coding scheme is lossy, the attribute parameter only used for the lossy attribute coding scheme is indicated the bitstream.
[0138] Clause 42. The method of clause 41, wherein second information regarding whether the attribute coding scheme is lossless is determined at an encoder, or the second information is determined at a decoder.
[0139] Clause 43. The method of clause 42, wherein the second information is determined based on at least one attribute quantization parameter.
[0140] Clause 44. The method of clause 43, wherein in accordance with that each of the at least one attribute quantization parameter is equal to a corresponding predetermined value, the attribute coding scheme is lossless.
[0141] Clause 45. The method of any of clauses 43-44, wherein the at least one attribute quantization parameter is indicated in the bitstream.
[0142] Clause 46. The method of clause 45, wherein the at least one attribute quantization parameter is coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding, or wherein the at least one attribute quantization parameter is coded in a predictive manner.
[0143] Clause 47. The method of any of clauses 42-46, wherein the second information is determined based on an attribute quantization step.
[0144] Clause 48. The method of clause 47, wherein in accordance with that the attribute quantization step is equal to a predetermined value, the attribute coding scheme is lossless.
[0145] Clause 49. The method of any of clauses 47-48, wherein the attribute quantization step is determined at a decoder.
[0146] Clause 50. The method of any of clauses 47-48, wherein the attribute quantization step is indicated in the bitstream.
[0147] Clause 51. The method of clause 50, wherein the attribute quantization step is coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding, or wherein the attribute quantization step is coded in a predictive manner.
[0148] Clause 52. The method of any of clauses 47-48, wherein the attribute quantization step is transformed, and the transformed attribute quantization step is indicated in the bitstream.
[0149] Clause 53. The method of clause 52, wherein the transformed attribute quantization step is coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding, or wherein the transformed attribute quantization step is coded in a predictive manner.
[0150] Clause 54. The method of any of clauses 52-53, wherein an inverse transformation is applied on the transformed attribute quantization step at a decoder to obtain the attribute quantization step.
[0151] Clause 55. The method of clause 41, wherein second information regarding whether the attribute coding scheme is lossless is indicated in the bitstream.
[0152] Clause 56. The method of clause 55, wherein the bitstream comprises an indication indicating the second information.
[0153] Clause 57. The method of clause 56, wherein the indication is coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding, or wherein the indication is coded in a predictive manner.
[0154] Clause 58. The method of any of clauses 41-57, wherein a third set of processes is only used for the lossy attribute coding scheme.
[0155] Clause 59. The method of clause 58, wherein the third set of processes is controlled by a third set of parameters.
[0156] Clause 60. The method of clause 59, wherein in accordance with that the attribute coding scheme is lossless, the third set of parameters is absent from the bitstream, or in accordance with that the attribute coding scheme is lossy, the third set of parameters is indicated the bitstream.
[0157] Clause 61. The method of clause 60, wherein the third set of parameters is coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding, or wherein the third set of parameters is coded in a predictive manner.
[0158] Clause 62. The method of any of clauses 1-61, wherein in accordance with that an attribute coding scheme applied for the current PC sample is lossy, an attribute parameter only used for a lossless attribute coding scheme is absent from the bitstream, or in accordance with that the attribute coding scheme is lossless, the attribute parameter only used for the lossless attribute coding scheme is indicated the bitstream.
[0159] Clause 63. The method of clause 62, wherein a fourth set of processes is only used for the lossless attribute coding scheme.
[0160] Clause 64. The method of clause 63, wherein the fourth set of processes is controlled by a fourth set of parameters.
[0161] Clause 65. The method of clause 64, wherein in accordance with that the attribute coding scheme is lossy, the fourth set of parameters is absent from the bitstream, or in accordance with that the attribute coding scheme is lossless, the fourth set of parameters is indicated the bitstream.
[0162] Clause 66. The method of clause 65, wherein the fourth set of parameters is coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding, or wherein the fourth set of parameters is coded in a predictive manner.
[0163] Clause 67. The method of any of clauses 1-66, wherein in accordance with that a first attribute coding scheme is not applied for the current PC sample, an attribute parameter only used for the first attribute coding scheme is absent from the bitstream, or in accordance with that the first attribute coding scheme is applied for the current PC sample, the attribute parameter only used for the first attribute coding scheme is indicated the bitstream.
[0164] Clause 68. The method of clause 67, wherein a plurality of attribute coding schemes are available to the current PC sample.
[0165] Clause 69. The method of clause 68, wherein the plurality of attribute coding schemes comprises at least one of: a level-of-detail based scheme or a RAHT based scheme.
[0166] Clause 70. The method of any of clauses 67-69, wherein a fifth set of processes is only used for the first attribute coding scheme.
[0167] Clause 71. The method of clause 70, wherein the fifth set of processes is controlled by a fifth set of parameters.
[0168] Clause 72. The method of clause 71, wherein in accordance with that the first attribute coding scheme is not applied for the current PC sample, the fifth set of parameters is absent from the bitstream, or in accordance with that the first attribute coding scheme is applied for the current PC sample, the fifth set of parameters is indicated the bitstream.
[0169] Clause 73. The method of clause 72, wherein the fifth set of parameters is coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding, or wherein the fifth set of parameters is coded in a predictive manner.
[0170] Clause 74. The method of any of clauses 1-73, wherein in accordance with that a first geometry coding scheme is not applied for the current PC sample, a geometry parameter only used for the first geometry coding scheme is absent from the bitstream, or in accordance with that the first geometry coding scheme is applied for the current PC sample, the geometry parameter only used for the first geometry coding scheme is indicated the bitstream.
[0171] Clause 75. The method of clause 74, wherein a plurality of geometry coding schemes are available to the current PC sample.
[0172] Clause 76. The method of clause 75, wherein the plurality of geometry coding schemes comprises at least one of: an occupancy tree based scheme, a predictive tree based scheme, or a TriSoup based scheme.
[0173] Clause 77. The method of any of clauses 74-76, wherein a sixth set of processes is only used for the first geometry coding scheme.
[0174] Clause 78. The method of clause 77, wherein the sixth set of processes is controlled by a sixth set of parameters.
[0175] Clause 79. The method of clause 78, wherein in accordance with that the first geometry coding scheme is not applied for the current PC sample, the sixth set of parameters is absent from the bitstream, or in accordance with that the first geometry coding scheme is applied for the current PC sample, the sixth set of parameters is indicated the bitstream.
[0176] Clause 80. The method of clause 79, wherein the sixth set of parameters is coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding, or wherein the sixth set of parameters is coded in a predictive manner.
[0177] Clause 81. The method of any of clauses 1-80, wherein whether to and / or how to apply the method is indicated in the bitstream at one of the following: a frame level, a tile level, a slice level, or an octree level.
[0178] Clause 82. The method of any of clauses 1-80, wherein whether to and / or how to apply the method is dependent on coded information of the current PC sample.
[0179] Clause 83. The method of any of clauses 1-82, wherein a PC sample is one of the following: a frame, a picture, a slice, a sub-frame, a sub-picture, a tile, or a segment.
[0180] Clause 84. The method of any of clauses 1-83, wherein the conversion includes encoding the current PC sample into the bitstream.
[0181] Clause 85. The method of any of clauses 1-83, wherein the conversion includes decoding the current PC sample from the bitstream.
[0182] Clause 86. An apparatus for processing point cloud data comprising a processor and a non-transitory memory with instructions thereon, wherein the instructions upon execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform a method in accordance with any of clauses 1-85.
[0183] Clause 87. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that cause a processor to perform a method in accordance with any of clauses 1-85.
[0184] Clause 88. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a bitstream of a point cloud sequence which is generated by a method performed by a point cloud processing apparatus, wherein the method comprises: performing a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of the point cloud sequence and the bitstream, wherein in accordance with that a region adaptive hierarchical transform (RAHT) is not used as an attribute coding scheme for the current PC sample or an integer Harr transform is used for the RAHT, a first set of indications associated with a temporal filtering process is absent from the bitstream.
[0185] Clause 89. A method for storing a bitstream of a point cloud sequence, comprising: performing a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of the point cloud sequence and the bitstream, wherein in accordance with that a region adaptive hierarchical transform (RAHT) is not used as an attribute coding scheme for the current PC sample or an integer Harr transform is used for the RAHT, a first set of indications associated with a temporal filtering process is absent from the bitstream; and storing the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium. Example Device
[0186] Fig. 5 illustrates a block diagram of a computing device 500 in which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The computing device 500 may be implemented as or included in the source device 110 (or the GPCC encoder 116 or 200) or the destination device 120 (or the GPCC decoder 126 or 300) .
[0187] It would be appreciated that the computing device 500 shown in Fig. 5 is merely for purpose of illustration, without suggesting any limitation to the functions and scopes of the embodiments of the present disclosure in any manner.
[0188] As shown in Fig. 5, the computing device 500 includes a general-purpose computing device 500. The computing device 500 may at least comprise one or more processors or processing units 510, a memory 520, a storage unit 530, one or more communication units 540, one or more input devices 550, and one or more output devices 560.
[0189] In some embodiments, the computing device 500 may be implemented as any user terminal or server terminal having the computing capability. The server terminal may be a server, a large-scale computing device or the like that is provided by a service provider. The user terminal may for example be any type of mobile terminal, fixed terminal, or portable terminal, including a mobile phone, station, unit, device, multimedia computer, multimedia tablet, Internet node, communicator, desktop computer, laptop computer, notebook computer, netbook computer, tablet computer, personal communication system (PCS) device, personal navigation device, personal digital assistant (PDA) , audio / video player, digital camera / video camera, positioning device, television receiver, radio broadcast receiver, E-book device, gaming device, or any combination thereof, including the accessories and peripherals of these devices, or any combination thereof. It would be contemplated that the computing device 500 can support any type of interface to a user (such as “wearable” circuitry and the like) .
[0190] The processing unit 510 may be a physical or virtual processor and can implement various processes based on programs stored in the memory 520. In a multi-processor system, multiple processing units execute computer executable instructions in parallel so as to improve the parallel processing capability of the computing device 500. The processing unit 510 may also be referred to as a central processing unit (CPU) , a microprocessor, a controller or a microcontroller.
[0191] The computing device 500 typically includes various computer storage medium. Such medium can be any medium accessible by the computing device 500, including, but not limited to, volatile and non-volatile medium, or detachable and non-detachable medium. The memory 520 can be a volatile memory (for example, a register, cache, Random Access Memory (RAM) ) , a non-volatile memory (such as a Read-Only Memory (ROM) , Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) , or a flash memory) , or any combination thereof. The storage unit 530 may be any detachable or non-detachable medium and may include a machine-readable medium such as a memory, flash memory drive, magnetic disk or another other media, which can be used for storing information and / or data and can be accessed in the computing device 500.
[0192] The computing device 500 may further include additional detachable / non-detachable, volatile / non-volatile memory medium. Although not shown in Fig. 5, it is possible to provide a magnetic disk drive for reading from and / or writing into a detachable and non-volatile magnetic disk and an optical disk drive for reading from and / or writing into a detachable non-volatile optical disk. In such cases, each drive may be connected to a bus (not shown) via one or more data medium interfaces.
[0193] The communication unit 540 communicates with a further computing device via the communication medium. In addition, the functions of the components in the computing device 500 can be implemented by a single computing cluster or multiple computing machines that can communicate via communication connections. Therefore, the computing device 500 can operate in a networked environment using a logical connection with one or more other servers, networked personal computers (PCs) or further general network nodes.
[0194] The input device 550 may be one or more of a variety of input devices, such as a mouse, keyboard, tracking ball, voice-input device, and the like. The output device 560 may be one or more of a variety of output devices, such as a display, loudspeaker, printer, and the like. By means of the communication unit 540, the computing device 500 can further communicate with one or more external devices (not shown) such as the storage devices and display device, with one or more devices enabling the user to interact with the computing device 500, or any devices (such as a network card, a modem and the like) enabling the computing device 500 to communicate with one or more other computing devices, if required. Such communication can be performed via input / output (I / O) interfaces (not shown) .
[0195] In some embodiments, instead of being integrated in a single device, some or all components of the computing device 500 may also be arranged in cloud computing architecture. In the cloud computing architecture, the components may be provided remotely and work together to implement the functionalities described in the present disclosure. In some embodiments, cloud computing provides computing, software, data access and storage service, which will not require end users to be aware of the physical locations or configurations of the systems or hardware providing these services. In various embodiments, the cloud computing provides the services via a wide area network (such as Internet) using suitable protocols. For example, a cloud computing provider provides applications over the wide area network, which can be accessed through a web browser or any other computing components. The software or components of the cloud computing architecture and corresponding data may be stored on a server at a remote position. The computing resources in the cloud computing environment may be merged or distributed at locations in a remote data center. Cloud computing infrastructures may provide the services through a shared data center, though they behave as a single access point for the users. Therefore, the cloud computing architectures may be used to provide the components and functionalities described herein from a service provider at a remote location. Alternatively, they may be provided from a conventional server or installed directly or otherwise on a client device.
[0196] The computing device 500 may be used to implement point cloud encoding / decoding in embodiments of the present disclosure. The memory 520 may include one or more point cloud coding modules 525 having one or more program instructions. These modules are accessible and executable by the processing unit 510 to perform the functionalities of the various embodiments described herein.
[0197] In the example embodiments of performing point cloud encoding, the input device 550 may receive point cloud data as an input 570 to be encoded. The point cloud data may be processed, for example, by the point cloud coding module 525, to generate an encoded bitstream. The encoded bitstream may be provided via the output device 560 as an output 580.
[0198] In the example embodiments of performing point cloud decoding, the input device 550 may receive an encoded bitstream as the input 570. The encoded bitstream may be processed, for example, by the point cloud coding module 525, to generate decoded point cloud data. The decoded point cloud data may be provided via the output device 560 as the output 580.
[0199] While this disclosure has been particularly shown and described with references to example embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application as defined by the appended claims. Such variations are intended to be covered by the scope of this present application. As such, the foregoing description of embodiments of the present application is not intended to be limiting.
Claims
1.A method for point cloud processing, comprising:performing a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence, wherein in accordance with that a region adaptive hierarchical transform (RAHT) is not used as an attribute coding scheme for the current PC sample or an integer Harr transform is used for the RAHT, a first set of indications associated with a temporal filtering process is absent from the bitstream.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of indications comprises an indication indicating whether or not an RAHT inter-prediction temporal filter is indicated in the bitstream.3.The method of any of claims 1-2, wherein the first set of indications comprises an indication indicating the number of layers of a transform tree for which an inter prediction block is skipped from the temporal filtering process, the transform tree is a tree structure used for applying the RAHT on a PC sample.4.The method of any of claims 1-3, wherein the first set of indications comprises an indication used to determine the number of layers of a transform tree for which an inter prediction block is skipped from the temporal filtering process, the transform tree is a tree structure used for applying the RAHT on a PC sample.5.The method of any of claims 1-4, wherein in accordance with that the RAHT is used as an attribute coding scheme for the current PC sample and the integer Harr transform is not used for the RAHT, the first set of indications is present in the bitstream.6.The method of any of claims 1-5, wherein one of the first set of indications is coded with fixed-length coding or exponential Golomb coding.7.The method of any of claims 1-5, wherein one of the first set of indications is coded with unary coding or truncated unary coding, orwherein the first set of indications is coded in a predictive manner.8.The method of any of claims 1-7, wherein in accordance with that the RAHT is not used as an attribute coding scheme for the current PC sample or the integer Harr transform is used for the RAHT, a second set of indications associated with a quantization parameter (QP) offset for an alternating current (AC) coefficient of the RAHT is absent from the bitstream.9.The method of claim 8, wherein the second set of indications comprises an indication indicating whether or not per-RAHT-layer AC transform coefficient QP offsets are present in an attribute data unit (ADU) in the bitstream.10.The method of any of claims 8-9, wherein the second set of indications comprises an indication indicating the number of levels in an RAHT tree for which AC QP offsets are present in an ADU in the bitstream, the RAHT tree is a tree structure used for applying the RAHT on a PC sample.11.The method of any of claims 8-10, wherein the second set of indications comprises at least one indication indicating per AC coefficient QP offsets for a primary attribute component and a secondary attribute component at a depth of an RAHT tree, the RAHT tree is a tree structure used for applying the RAHT on a PC sample.12.The method of any of claims 8-11, wherein in accordance with that the RAHT is used as an attribute coding scheme for the current PC sample and the integer Harr transform is not used for the RAHT, the second set of indications is present in the bitstream.13.The method of any of claims 8-12, wherein one of the second set of indications is coded with fixed-length coding or exponential Golomb coding.14.The method of any of claims 8-12, wherein one of the second set of indications is coded with unary coding or truncated unary coding, orwherein the first set of indications is coded in a predictive manner.15.The method of any of claims 1-14, wherein in accordance with that a geometry coding scheme applied for the current PC sample is lossless, a geometry parameter only used for a lossy geometry coding scheme is absent from the bitstream, orin accordance with that the geometry coding scheme is lossy, the geometry parameter only used for the lossy geometry coding scheme is indicated the bitstream.16.The method of claim 15, wherein first information regarding whether the geometry coding scheme is lossless is determined at an encoder, orthe first information is determined at a decoder.17.The method of claim 16, wherein the first information is determined based on at least one geometry quantization parameter.18.The method of claim 17, wherein in accordance with that each of the at least one geometry quantization parameter is equal to a corresponding predetermined value, the geometry coding scheme is lossless.19.The method of any of claims 17-18, wherein the at least one geometry quantization parameter is indicated in the bitstream.20.The method of claim 19, wherein the at least one geometry quantization parameter is coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding, orwherein the at least one geometry quantization parameter is coded in a predictive manner.21.The method of any of claims 16-20, wherein the first information is determined based on a geometry quantization step.22.The method of claim 21, wherein in accordance with that the geometry quantization step is equal to a predetermined value, the geometry coding scheme is lossless.23.The method of any of claims 21-22, wherein the geometry quantization step is determined at a decoder.24.The method of any of claims 21-22, wherein the geometry quantization step is indicated in the bitstream.25.The method of claim 24, wherein the geometry quantization step is coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding, orwherein the geometry quantization step is coded in a predictive manner.26.The method of any of claims 21-22, wherein the geometry quantization step is transformed, and the transformed geometry quantization step is indicated in the bitstream.27.The method of claim 26, wherein the transformed geometry quantization step is coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding, orwherein the transformed geometry quantization step is coded in a predictive manner.28.The method of any of claims 26-27, wherein an inverse transformation is applied on the transformed geometry quantization step at a decoder to obtain the geometry quantization step.29.The method of claim 15, wherein first information regarding whether the geometry coding scheme is lossless is indicated in the bitstream.30.The method of claim 29, wherein the bitstream comprises an indication indicating the first information.31.The method of claim 30, wherein the indication is coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding, orwherein the indication is coded in a predictive manner.32.The method of any of claims 15-31, wherein a first set of processes is only used for the lossy geometry coding scheme.33.The method of claim 32, wherein the first set of processes is controlled by a first set of parameters.34.The method of claim 33, wherein in accordance with that the geometry coding scheme is lossless, the first set of parameters is absent from the bitstream, orin accordance with that the geometry coding scheme is lossy, the first set of parameters is indicated the bitstream.35.The method of claim 34, wherein the first set of parameters is coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding, orwherein the first set of parameters is coded in a predictive manner.36.The method of any of claims 1-35, wherein in accordance with that a geometry coding scheme applied for the current PC sample is lossy, a geometry parameter only used for a lossless geometry coding scheme is absent from the bitstream, orin accordance with that the geometry coding scheme is lossless, the geometry parameter only used for the lossless geometry coding scheme is indicated the bitstream.37.The method of claim 36, wherein a second set of processes is only used for the lossless geometry coding scheme.38.The method of claim 37, wherein the second set of processes is controlled by a second set of parameters.39.The method of claim 38, wherein in accordance with that the geometry coding scheme is lossy, the second set of parameters is absent from the bitstream, orin accordance with that the geometry coding scheme is lossless, the second set of parameters is indicated the bitstream.40.The method of claim 39, wherein the second set of parameters is coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding, orwherein the second set of parameters is coded in a predictive manner.41.The method of any of claims 1-40, wherein in accordance with that an attribute coding scheme applied for the current PC sample is lossless, an attribute parameter only used for a lossy attribute coding scheme is absent from the bitstream, orin accordance with that the attribute coding scheme is lossy, the attribute parameter only used for the lossy attribute coding scheme is indicated the bitstream.42.The method of claim 41, wherein second information regarding whether the attribute coding scheme is lossless is determined at an encoder, orthe second information is determined at a decoder.43.The method of claim 42, wherein the second information is determined based on at least one attribute quantization parameter.44.The method of claim 43, wherein in accordance with that each of the at least one attribute quantization parameter is equal to a corresponding predetermined value, the attribute coding scheme is lossless.45.The method of any of claims 43-44, wherein the at least one attribute quantization parameter is indicated in the bitstream.46.The method of claim 45, wherein the at least one attribute quantization parameter is coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding, orwherein the at least one attribute quantization parameter is coded in a predictive manner.47.The method of any of claims 42-46, wherein the second information is determined based on an attribute quantization step.48.The method of claim 47, wherein in accordance with that the attribute quantization step is equal to a predetermined value, the attribute coding scheme is lossless.49.The method of any of claims 47-48, wherein the attribute quantization step is determined at a decoder.50.The method of any of claims 47-48, wherein the attribute quantization step is indicated in the bitstream.51.The method of claim 50, wherein the attribute quantization step is coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding, orwherein the attribute quantization step is coded in a predictive manner.52.The method of any of claims 47-48, wherein the attribute quantization step is transformed, and the transformed attribute quantization step is indicated in the bitstream.53.The method of claim 52, wherein the transformed attribute quantization step is coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding, orwherein the transformed attribute quantization step is coded in a predictive manner.54.The method of any of claims 52-53, wherein an inverse transformation is applied on the transformed attribute quantization step at a decoder to obtain the attribute quantization step.55.The method of claim 41, wherein second information regarding whether the attribute coding scheme is lossless is indicated in the bitstream.56.The method of claim 55, wherein the bitstream comprises an indication indicating the second information.57.The method of claim 56, wherein the indication is coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding, orwherein the indication is coded in a predictive manner.58.The method of any of claims 41-57, wherein a third set of processes is only used for the lossy attribute coding scheme.59.The method of claim 58, wherein the third set of processes is controlled by a third set of parameters.60.The method of claim 59, wherein in accordance with that the attribute coding scheme is lossless, the third set of parameters is absent from the bitstream, orin accordance with that the attribute coding scheme is lossy, the third set of parameters is indicated the bitstream.61.The method of claim 60, wherein the third set of parameters is coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding, orwherein the third set of parameters is coded in a predictive manner.62.The method of any of claims 1-61, wherein in accordance with that an attribute coding scheme applied for the current PC sample is lossy, an attribute parameter only used for a lossless attribute coding scheme is absent from the bitstream, orin accordance with that the attribute coding scheme is lossless, the attribute parameter only used for the lossless attribute coding scheme is indicated the bitstream.63.The method of claim 62, wherein a fourth set of processes is only used for the lossless attribute coding scheme.64.The method of claim 63, wherein the fourth set of processes is controlled by a fourth set of parameters.65.The method of claim 64, wherein in accordance with that the attribute coding scheme is lossy, the fourth set of parameters is absent from the bitstream, orin accordance with that the attribute coding scheme is lossless, the fourth set of parameters is indicated the bitstream.66.The method of claim 65, wherein the fourth set of parameters is coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding, orwherein the fourth set of parameters is coded in a predictive manner.67.The method of any of claims 1-66, wherein in accordance with that a first attribute coding scheme is not applied for the current PC sample, an attribute parameter only used for the first attribute coding scheme is absent from the bitstream, orin accordance with that the first attribute coding scheme is applied for the current PC sample, the attribute parameter only used for the first attribute coding scheme is indicated the bitstream.68.The method of claim 67, wherein a plurality of attribute coding schemes are available to the current PC sample.69.The method of claim 68, wherein the plurality of attribute coding schemes comprises at least one of: a level-of-detail based scheme or a RAHT based scheme.70.The method of any of claims 67-69, wherein a fifth set of processes is only used for the first attribute coding scheme.71.The method of claim 70, wherein the fifth set of processes is controlled by a fifth set of parameters.72.The method of claim 71, wherein in accordance with that the first attribute coding scheme is not applied for the current PC sample, the fifth set of parameters is absent from the bitstream, orin accordance with that the first attribute coding scheme is applied for the current PC sample, the fifth set of parameters is indicated the bitstream.73.The method of claim 72, wherein the fifth set of parameters is coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding, orwherein the fifth set of parameters is coded in a predictive manner.74.The method of any of claims 1-73, wherein in accordance with that a first geometry coding scheme is not applied for the current PC sample, a geometry parameter only used for the first geometry coding scheme is absent from the bitstream, orin accordance with that the first geometry coding scheme is applied for the current PC sample, the geometry parameter only used for the first geometry coding scheme is indicated the bitstream.75.The method of claim 74, wherein a plurality of geometry coding schemes are available to the current PC sample.76.The method of claim 75, wherein the plurality of geometry coding schemes comprises at least one of: an occupancy tree based scheme, a predictive tree based scheme, or a TriSoup based scheme.77.The method of any of claims 74-76, wherein a sixth set of processes is only used for the first geometry coding scheme.78.The method of claim 77, wherein the sixth set of processes is controlled by a sixth set of parameters.79.The method of claim 78, wherein in accordance with that the first geometry coding scheme is not applied for the current PC sample, the sixth set of parameters is absent from the bitstream, orin accordance with that the first geometry coding scheme is applied for the current PC sample, the sixth set of parameters is indicated the bitstream.80.The method of claim 79, wherein the sixth set of parameters is coded with one of: fixed-length coding, exponential Golomb coding, unary coding or truncated unary coding, orwherein the sixth set of parameters is coded in a predictive manner.81.The method of any of claims 1-80, wherein whether to and / or how to apply the method is indicated in the bitstream at one of the following: a frame level, a tile level, a slice level, or an octree level.82.The method of any of claims 1-80, wherein whether to and / or how to apply the method is dependent on coded information of the current PC sample.83.The method of any of claims 1-82, wherein a PC sample is one of the following: a frame, a picture, a slice, a sub-frame, a sub-picture, a tile, or a segment.84.The method of any of claims 1-83, wherein the conversion includes encoding the current PC sample into the bitstream.85.The method of any of claims 1-83, wherein the conversion includes decoding the current PC sample from the bitstream.86.An apparatus for processing point cloud data comprising a processor and a non-transitory memory with instructions thereon, wherein the instructions upon execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform a method in accordance with any of claims 1-85.87.A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that cause a processor to perform a method in accordance with any of claims 1-85.88.A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a bitstream of a point cloud sequence which is generated by a method performed by a point cloud processing apparatus, wherein the method comprises:performing a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of the point cloud sequence and the bitstream, wherein in accordance with that a region adaptive hierarchical transform (RAHT) is not used as an attribute coding scheme for the current PC sample or an integer Harr transform is used for the RAHT, a first set of indications associated with a temporal filtering process is absent from the bitstream.89.A method for storing a bitstream of a point cloud sequence, comprising:performing a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of the point cloud sequence and the bitstream, wherein in accordance with that a region adaptive hierarchical transform (RAHT) is not used as an attribute coding scheme for the current PC sample or an integer Harr transform is used for the RAHT, a first set of indications associated with a temporal filtering process is absent from the bitstream; andstoring the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium.
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