Anti-ANG2 monospecific and multispecific antibody constructs
Anti-ANG2 antibodies, particularly VHH constructs fused with HSA and VEGF, address the need for less frequent treatments of neovascular retinal diseases by targeting multiple angiogenic factors, enhancing treatment efficacy and safety.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/108092
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-07-15
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-11
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-22
AI Technical Summary
Current treatments for neovascular retinal diseases like wet AMD require frequent intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF drugs, which are uncomfortable and carry risks, and there is a need for therapies that target additional factors involved in neovascularization with extended biological action to reduce injection frequency.
Development of anti-angiopoietin 2 (ANG2) antibodies, including monospecific and multispecific constructs, such as VHH antibodies fused with human serum albumin (HSA) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), to provide extended therapeutic effects.
The anti-ANG2 antibodies offer reduced frequency of administration, potentially every month or longer, with improved safety and efficacy in treating neovascular diseases by targeting multiple factors involved in angiogenesis.
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Figure CN2025108092_22012026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
ANTI-ANG2 MONOSPECIFIC AND MULTISPECIFIC ANTIBODY CONSTRUCTSBACKGROUND
[0001] Neovascular retinal diseases including wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) can cause severe and / or progressive vision loss. The pathogenesis of these retinal diseases involves increased production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other factors. For example, angiopoietins (ANG) are a family of growth factors that are important in regulating angiogenesis and vascular permeability, and have been implicated in pathological blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Angiopoietins and their receptors, tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor homology domains (Tie) , regulate and play important role in the maintenance of vascular stability. ANG2 is one of the angiopoietin family members, upregulated under pathological conditions, such as fluctuation of blood glucose level, ischemia, hypoxia, growth factor stimulation or inflammatory state. In pathophysiologic states, ANG2 competes with ANG1 to bind with the Tie2 receptor and inhibits the ANG1 / Tie2 signaling pathway, leading to pericyte detachment / apoptosis, endothelial cell instability, vessel leakage and sprouting.
[0002] There are several intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs on the market for treating AMD-related blindness. These anti-VEGF drugs include aflibercept (EYLEA) which is delivered into the eyes via intravitreal injection (e.g., near the retina at the back of the eye) . However, the recommended frequency of these injections varies from every few weeks to every few months. Patients often require multiple doses over the course of a few months, and repeat treatments are needed for continued benefit. Further, in addition to patient discomfort, potential complications of intravitreal injection include infection, retinal detachment, ocular hypertension, cataracts, and inflammation, and therefore it is desirable to decrease the frequency of intravitreal administration.
[0003] In addition to VEGF, there is a need for therapeutics that can target other factors involved in neovascularization for the treatment of, for example, neovascular retinal diseases. There is further a need for such agents that exhibit extended biological action to reduce the frequency of intraocular injections. The various aspects and embodiments of this disclosure meet these and other objectives.
[0004] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES
[0005] Figure 1 shows reducing SDS-PAGE analysis of anti-ANG2 antibody mutants with IgG1 Fc-tag. The theoretical molecular weight (MW) of anti-ANG2-Fc fusion protein is~39kDa under reducing condition.
[0006] Figure 2A-2C show inhibitory activity of the anti-ANG2 antibodies in Tie2 competitive ELISA, including antibodies ANG2-1203-Fc, ANG2-3001-Fc and ANG2-3001-C50S-Fc (Figure 2A) ; ANG2-2118-C50S-Fc, positive control antibody ANG2 Nb-Fc, and irrelevant antibody (Negative Control) (Figure 2B) ; ANG2-2101-C50A-Fc and ANG2-2101-C50S-Fc (Figure 2C) .
[0007] Figure 3 shows inhibitory activity of humanized anti-ANG2 antibody variants in Tie2 competitive ELISA. The ANG2-3001-Hz11 GG exhibited similar activity to that of ANG2-3001-Hz11 in blocking the ANG2 / Tie2 binding.
[0008] Figure 4 shows inhibitory activity of the humanized anti-ANG2 antibody variants ANG2-3001-Hz11 GG and ANG2-3001-Hz11 DS in Tie2 competitive ELISA. The monovalent anti-ANG2 antibody ANG2-3001-Hz11 GG and ANG2-3001-Hz11 DS exhibited higher activity than that of Faricimab in blocking the binding of ANG2 towards its receptor Tie2.
[0009] Figure 5A-5B show inhibitory activity of the anti-ANG2 / anti-VEGFA / anti-HSA fusion protein 202-A-74 in VEGFR2 competitive ELISA (Figure 5A) and Tie2 competitive ELISA (Figure 5B) . The activity of 202-A-74 in competing VEGFR2 for VEGFA binding remained essentially the same with or without HSA binding. Whereas the binding of HSA to the fusion protein 202-A-74 enhanced its activity in competing Tie2 for ANG2 binding.
[0010] Figure 6A-6E show SDS-PAGE analyses of fusion proteins 202-A-96, 202-A-97, and 202-A-98 (Figure 6A) ; 202-A-100 and 202-A-101 (Figure 6B) ; 202-A-106 (Figure 6C) ; 202-A-109 (Figure 6D) ; and 202-A-118 (Figure 6E) . The molecular weight (MW) of 202-A-96, 202-A-109, and 202-A-118 is~55kDa, ~69kDa, and~83kDa, respectively. The fusion proteins 202-A-97, 202-A-98, 202-A-100 and 202-A-101 have a MW of~68kDa.
[0011] Figure 7A-7C show the binding affinity measurements of anti-ANG2 / anti-VEGFA / anti-HSA fusion proteins with HSA by SPR method. The association and dissociation curves of 202-A-73 (Figure 7A) , 202-A-96 (Figure 7B) , and 202-A-98 (Figure 7C) are shown.
[0012] Figure 8A-8B show inhibitory activity of fusion protein 202-A-109 in VEGFR2 competitive ELISA (Figure 8A) and Tie2 competitive ELISA (Figure 8B) . The activity of 202-A-109 in competing VEGFR2 for VEGFA binding remained essentially the same with or without HSA binding. Whereas the binding of HSA to the fusion protein 202-A-109 enhanced its activity in competing with Tie2 for ANG2 binding.
[0013] Figure 9 shows the inhibitory activity of fusion proteins in VEGFA induced signaling in HEK-293 / VEGFR2 / NFAT-RE-luc2P reporter gene assay.
[0014] Figure 10 shows the inhibitory activity of fusion proteins in VEGFA induced HUVEC proliferation assay.
[0015] Figure 11 shows the inhibitory activity of fusion proteins in ANG2 induced Tie2 phosphorylation assay.
[0016] Figure 12 shows the effect of fusion protein 202-A-109 on ANG1 induced Tie2 phosphorylation.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] This disclosure relates to anti-neovascular therapy. More particularly, the present disclosure provides anti-angiopoietin 2 (ANG2) antibodies or antigen binding fragments, which may be constructed as monospecific antibodies, or bispecific antibodies or fusion proteins (e.g., targeting human ANG2 and human serum albumin (HSA) ) , or multifunctional fusion proteins, for example targeting ANG2, human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) , and HSA. In other aspects, the present disclosure provides methods for the production of these monospecific, bispecific, and multi-specific antibodies and polypeptides, pharmaceutical compositions containing said antibodies and polypeptides, and uses thereof for treating neovascular disease.
[0018] In aspects and embodiments, there is provided a polypeptide comprising an anti-ANG2 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprising Variable Heavy Domain of a Heavy Chain (VHH) antibody. In embodiments, the VHH antibody with binding activity for ANG2 can be constructed as a monospecific antibody, or in bispecific or multi-specific constructs targeting other factors, including but not limited to growth factors involved in neovascular disease (e.g., VEGFA) and / or pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic enhancers (such as HSA) . In embodiments, the VHH antibody with binding activity for ANG2 is fused to at least one VHH variable region targeting a protein other than ANG2 (such as HSA or VEGFA) .
[0019] VHH antibodies (or “nanobodies” ) are derived from single-variable, heavy chain-only antibodies that are naturally produced by camelids and sharks. VHH antibodies do not have a light chain. The core structure of VHH includes four framework regions (FRs) and three complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) . VHH antibodies have a mass of around 15 kDa. In embodiments, the VHH antibody is humanized through human framework selection, and complementarity-determining region grafting with selected back-mutations. See Sulea T., Humanization of Camelid Single-Domain Antibodies. Methods Mol. Biol. 2022: 2446: 299-312. According to this disclosure, the Kabat numbering system is used to define VHH CDRs.
[0020] In aspects and embodiments, the anti-ANG2 VHH antibody or antigen binding fragment has binding activity for an epitope within amino acids 275 to 496 of ANG2. In embodiments, the VHH antibody comprises one of (a) - (d) :
[0021] (a) a CDR-H1 amino acid sequence of TYAMG (SEQ ID NO: 1) , a CDR-H2 amino acid sequence of AIVWSSGSTYYADSVKG (SEQ ID NO: 7) , and a CDR-H3 amino acid sequence of DGATQQPDYSDYVGPTDTY (SEQ ID NO: 16) , or a variant comprising from one to five amino acid modifications (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 amino acid substitutions) collectively in CDR-H1, CDR-H2, and CDR-H3, and / or a humanized variant thereof;
[0022] (b) a CDR-H1 amino acid sequence of YYTIG (SEQ ID NO: 2) , a CDR-H2 amino acid sequence of CISSSGGSTYSADSVKG (SEQ ID NO: 8) , and a CDR-H3 amino acid sequence of TTGWGRDFAVYEYDL (SEQ ID NO: 17) , or a variant comprising from one to five amino acid modifications (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 amino acid substitutions) collectively in CDR-H1, CDR-H2, and CDR-H3, and / or a humanized variant thereof;
[0023] (c) a CDR-H1 amino acid sequence of DYAIG (SEQ ID NO: 3) , a CDR-H2 amino acid sequence of CISSSDGSTYYADSVKG (SEQ ID NO: 9) , and a CDR-H3 amino acid sequence of GWDTNQARLAIPYEYDA (SEQ ID NO: 18) , or a variant comprising from one to five amino acid modifications (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 amino acid substitutions) collectively in CDR-H1, CDR-H2, and CDR-H3, and / or a humanized variant thereof; or
[0024] (d) a CDR-H1 amino acid sequence of DYAIG (SEQ ID NO: 3) , a CDR-H2 amino acid sequence of CISSSDGSTYYADSVKG (SEQ ID NO: 9) , and a CDR-H3 amino acid sequence of SITTAQALGVMPPYEYDS (SEQ ID NO: 19) , or a variant comprising from one to five amino acid modifications (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 amino acid substitutions) collectively in CDR-H1, CDR-H2, and CDR-H3, and / or a humanized variant thereof.
[0025] In embodiments, the CDR-H1 has the formula X1YX2X3G, where: X1 is threonine (T) , tyrosine (Y) , or aspartate (D) ; X2 is alanine (A) or threonine (T) , and X3 is methionine (M) or isoleucine (I) .
[0026] In embodiments, the CDR-H2 has the formula X1IX2X3SX4X5STYYADSVKG, wherein: X1 is alanine (A) , cysteine (C) , or serine (S) ; X2 is valine (V) or S; X3 is tryptophan (W) or S; X4 is S, glycine (G) , or D; and X5 is G or S.
[0027] In embodiments, the VHH antibody comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 22, 23, 24, and 25, or a humanized variant thereof. The humanized variant is constructed by grafting the CDRs to a human framework with selected back mutations.
[0028] In embodiments, CDR-H2 is modified to remove or replace a Cysteine residue (e.g., a free Cys) at position 50 of the variable region or the first amino acid of CDR-H2. In embodiments, the free Cysteine is substituted with a small and / or hydrophilic amino acid, such as Ala, Ser, Gly, or Thr (e.g., Ala or Ser) . In embodiments, CDR-H2 X1 is A or S. In embodiments, the CDR-H2 amino acid sequence is selected from SEQ ID NOS: 10, 11, and 12. In embodiments, the CDR-H3 amino acid sequence is selected from SEQ ID NO: 17, 18, and 19. In these embodiments, the VHH variable region may comprise the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS: 26, 27, 28, and 29, or a humanized variant thereof.
[0029] In embodiments, the VHH antibody has a binding affinity for ANG2 (measured as IC50 using Tie2 competitive ELISA) of less than about 50 nM, or in embodiments less than about 25 nM, or in embodiments less than about 10 nM, or in embodiments less than about 5 nM. In embodiments, the VHH antibody (and its constructs disclosed herein) do not significantly impact (or have no impact) on ANG1 signaling.
[0030] In embodiments, the VHH antibody is humanized. Specifically, the CDR-H1, CDR-H2, and CDR-H3 of the anti-ANG2 VHH antibodies were grafted to a human germline framework sequence having high homology to the framework regions, with several back mutations selected to maintain affinity. In embodiments in which the anti-ANG2 VHH of SEQ ID NO: 28 is humanized, two back mutations can be at positions 5 and 37. In embodiments, CDR-H2 X1 is S and CDR-H2 X5 is G or S, which demonstrates comparable affinity for ANG2 with that of the parental antibody. For example, the VHH may comprise the CDR-H2 of SEQ ID NO: 12 and the CDR-H3 of SEQ ID NO: 18. For example, the VHH may comprise the CDR-H2 of SEQ ID NO: 13 and the CDR-H3 of SEQ ID NO: 18. In embodiments, the humanized VHH variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36 or 37. In embodiments, the humanized antibody exhibits higher activity for neutralizing human, rabbit, and cynomolgus monkey ANG2 (i.e., lower IC50) as compared to Faricimab (a bispecific antibody against VEGFA and ANG2) in a Tie2 competitive ELISA.
[0031] Alternatively, in embodiments where the parental VHH antibody comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29, CDR-H2 X1 may be S, CDR-H2 X4 may be G or D and CDR-H2 X5 may be G or S in the humanized variant. For example, the humanized VHH antibody may comprise the CDR-H2 of SEQ ID NO: 13 and the CDR-H3 of SEQ ID NO: 19. For example, the humanized VHH antibody may comprise the CDR-H2 of SEQ ID NO: 14 and the CDR-H3 of SEQ ID NO: 19. For example, the VHH antibody may comprise the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38, 39 or 147. The humanized VHH antibody maintains similar binding affinity for ANG2 when tested in a Tie2 competitive ELISA. The humanized antibodies further have higher activity for neutralizing human, rabbit, and cynomolgus monkey ANG2 (i.e., lower IC50) with respect to Faricimab (abispecific antibody against VEGFA and ANG2) in a Tie2 competitive ELISA.
[0032] Accordingly, in aspects and embodiments, the present disclosure provides anti-ANG2 VHH antibodies or antigen binding fragments, and comprising a variable region that has at least 90%, or at least 95%, or at least 97%, or at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, and SEQ ID NO: 147.
[0033] In embodiments, the anti-ANG2 VHH antibodies or antigen binding fragments comprise an amino acid sequence having one or more amino acid modifications with respect to any one of the sequences disclosed herein. In embodiments, the anti-ANG2 VHH antibodies or antigen binding fragments comprise an amino acid sequence having one, or two, or three, or four, or five, or six, or seen, or eight, or nine, or ten, or fifteen, or twenty amino acid modifications with respect to any one of the VHH antibody sequences disclosed herein. In embodiments, the one or more amino acid modifications may be independently selected from substitutions, insertions, and deletions.
[0034] In embodiments, an amino acid mutation (e.g., substitution) may be in the CDRs of the VHH antibody (e.g., the CDR1, CDR2 or CDR3 regions) . Such mutations may be made to improve stability or binding affinity for its target, or to humanize the sequence. In addition or alternatively, one or more amino acid alterations (e.g., substitution) may be in the framework regions (FRs) of the VHH antibody (e.g., the FR1, FR2, FR3, or FR4 regions) . Such mutations may be made to improve stability or binding affinity for its target, or to humanize the sequence.
[0035] In embodiments, the amino acid modifications are amino acid substitutions, and may include conservative and / or non-conservative substitutions. “Conservative substitutions” may be made, for instance, on the basis of similarity in polarity, charge, size, solubility, hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, and / or the amphipathic nature of the amino acid residues involved. The 20 naturally occurring amino acids can be grouped into the following six standard amino acid groups: (1) hydrophobic: Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile; (2) neutral hydrophilic: Cys, Ser, Thr; Asn, Gln; (3) acidic: Asp, Glu; (4) basic: His, Lys, Arg; (5) residues that influence chain orientation: Gly, Pro; and (6) aromatic: Trp, Tyr, Phe.
[0036] As used herein, “conservative substitutions” are defined as exchanges of an amino acid by another amino acid listed within the same group of the six standard amino acid groups shown above. For example, the exchange of Asp by Glu retains one negative charge in the so modified polypeptide.
[0037] As used herein, “non-conservative substitutions” are defined as exchanges of an amino acid by another amino acid listed in a different group of the six standard amino acid groups (1) to (6) shown above.
[0038] In embodiments, the VHH antibody is fused to a polypeptide for pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic enhancement, such as albumin, a molecule that binds to albumin (e.g., HSA) , or an immunoglobulin Fc domain. In embodiments, the Fc domain is an IgG isotype, and optionally IgG1. However, in embodiments, any Fc domain may be employed, including those derived from IgG, IgA, IgD, or IgM. In embodiments, the Fc domain is from or is derived from IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1, or IgA2.
[0039] In embodiments, the VHH antibody is fused to a polypeptide that binds to human serum albumin (HSA) , optionally through a linker peptide. In embodiments, the polypeptide that binds to HSA is a VHH antibody.
[0040] In embodiments, the anti-HSA VHH antibody or antigen binding fragment comprises:
[0041] (a) a CDR-H1 amino acid sequence of NYYMS (SEQ ID NO: 5) , a CDR-H2 amino acid sequence of GISVDGSFLDYADAVKG (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a CDR-H3 amino acid sequence of ASGPQGLRLGAP (SEQ ID NO: 20) , or a variant comprising from one to five amino acid modifications (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 amino acid substitutions) collectively in CDR-H1, CDR-H2, and CDR-H3, and / or a humanized variant thereof; or
[0042] (b) a CDR-H1 amino acid sequence of EYYMS (SEQ ID NO: 6) , a CDR-H2 amino acid sequence of GISVDGSFLDYADAVKG (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a CDR-H3 amino acid sequence of ASGPQGLRWWAP (SEQ ID NO: 21) , or a variant comprising from one to five amino acid modifications (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 amino acid substitutions) collectively in CDR-H1, CDR-H2, and CDR-H3, and / or a humanized variant thereof.
[0043] In embodiments, the anti-HSA VHH antibody or antigen binding fragment has binding affinity value of less than about 50 nM, or in embodiments less than about 25 nM, or in embodiments less than about 10 nM, or in embodiments less than about 5 nM, or in embodiments is less than about 1 nM.
[0044] In embodiments, the anti-HSA VHH antibody or antigen binding fragment comprises a variable region that has at least 90%, or at least 95%, or at least 97%, or at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 63 or SEQ ID NO: 64.
[0045] In embodiments, the construct comprises a linker peptide, which in embodiments is from 1 to 30 amino acids in length, or from 2 to 20 amino acids in length, or from 2 to 10 amino acids in length. In embodiments, the linker sequence is composed predominately or entirely of Serine and Glycine residues. For example, the linker sequence may have the formula (GxSy) z, in which each of x, y, and z is independently selected from an integer of 1 to 5. In embodiments, y is 1. In embodiments, z is 1. An exemplary linker has the amino acid sequence GGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 137) , or repeats of from 2 or 3 thereof. In embodiments, the linker sequence has the formula (GxSyGzSw) n, in which each of x and y is independently selected from 1 to 5, and z and w is independently selected from 0 to 5. In embodiments, y is 1. In embodiments, w is 1 or 0. In embodiments, z is 3 or 0.
[0046] In embodiments, the linker is or comprises (GGS) n, wherein n is 1, or 2, or 3, or 4, or 5. In embodiments, Gly Ser linkers have the sequence GGS, GGSGGS (SEQ ID NO: 144) , or GGGGSGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 145) , or GGGSGGG (SEQ ID NO: 146) .
[0047] Alternative linker sequences comprise or consist of a sequence selected from EPKSS (SEQ ID NO: 134) , ADESAEN (SEQ ID NO: 135) , and KQEPERN (SEQ ID NO: 136) , or a variant thereof having one or two amino acid substitutions, which substitutions are preferably conservative substitutions, or hydrophilic and / or charged amino acids. Other suitable linker peptide can be constructed and / or are known in the art.
[0048] In embodiments, the polypeptide comprises or consists of at least two immunoglobulin single variable domains (ISVDs) , wherein one ISVD binds to ANG2; and one ISVD binds to HSA, optionally through a linker peptide.
[0049] In embodiments, the polypeptide (comprising ISVDs with binding activity for ANG2 and HSA) comprises an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, and SEQ ID NO: 69, or an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, or at least about 93%, or at least about 95%, or at least about 97%, or at least about 98%, or at least about 99%sequence identity thereto. In embodiments, the polypeptide maintains ANG2 neutralizing activity (measured as IC50 by competitive ELISA) similar to the parent ANG2 VHH polypeptide. Further, the VHH variable region has binding affinity for HSA in the low nanomolar range (e.g., less than about 25 nM, or less than about 10 nM, or less than about 5 nM, or less than about 1 nM) .
[0050] In embodiments, the anti-ANG2 VHH antibody or antigen binding fragment is fused, directly or indirectly, to at least one polypeptide that binds vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) . The polypeptide may further comprise an anti-HSA antibody or antigen binding fragment (such as a VHH antibody as already described) .
[0051] In embodiments, the polypeptide comprises or consists of at least three immunoglobulin single variable domains (ISVDs) , wherein one ISVD binds to ANG2, one ISVD binds to HSA, and one ISVD binds to VEGFA, optionally through a linker peptide. In embodiments, the ISVD that binds VEGFA is substituted with aflibercept or a variant thereof, and which for convenience is also referred to herein as an ISVD.
[0052] In embodiments, the polypeptide that binds to VEGFA is aflibercept, and may comprise the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59, or a variant thereof. Exemplary variants include from one to five (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) amino acid modifications to SEQ ID NO: 59, which can be independently selected from amino acid substitutions, insertions, and deletions.
[0053] In embodiments, the polypeptide that binds to VEGFA is a VHH antibody. In embodiments, the VHH antibody that binds to VEGFA comprises an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 57, and SEQ ID NO: 58, or an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, or at least about 93%, or at least about 95%, or at least about 97%, or at least about 98%, or at least about 99%sequence identity thereto.
[0054] In embodiments, different ISVDs (e.g., with binding activity for ANG2, HSA, or VEGFA) can be fused in any order, and with selected linker peptides (as described) .
[0055] In embodiments, different ISVDs are connected via selected linker peptides in an order selected from the group consisting of:
[0056] (a) (ISVD) ANG2- (ISVD) HSA- [ (ISVD) VEGFA] n from N-to C-terminus of the polypeptide; wherein n is 1 or 2;
[0057] (b) (ISVD) VEGFA- (ISVD) ANG2- (ISVD) HSA from N-to C-terminus of the polypeptide;
[0058] (c) (ISVD) VEGFA- (ISVD) HSA- (ISVD) VEGFA- (ISVD) ANG2 from N-to C-terminus of the polypeptide;
[0059] (d) (ISVD) ANG2- (ISVD) VEGFA- (ISVD) HSA- (ISVD) VEGFA from N-to C-terminus of the polypeptide;
[0060] (e) (ISVD) ANG2- [ (ISVD) VEGFA- (ISVD) HSA] n from N-to C-terminus of the polypeptide; wherein n is 1 or 2;
[0061] (f) (ISVD) ANG2- [ (ISVD) VEGFA- (ISVD) HSA] n- (ISVD) HSA from N-to C-terminus of the polypeptide; wherein n is 1 or 2; and
[0062] (g) (ISVD) HSA- (ISVD) ANG2- (ISVD) VEGFA- (ISVD) HSA- (ISVD) VEGFA from N-to C-terminus of the polypeptide.
[0063] In embodiments, the linker peptides are present between each ISVD, which may be from 1 to 30 amino acids in length, or from 2 to 20 amino acids in length, or from 2 to 10 amino acids in length. Linkers may have amino acid sequences as already described.
[0064] In embodiments, the multi-functional construct comprising a polypeptide with binding activity for ANG2, HSA, and VEGF-A comprises an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ SEQ ID NO: 74, and SEQ ID NO: 75, or an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, or at least about 93%, or at least about 95%, or at least about 97%, or at least about 98%, or at least about 99%sequence identity thereto. In embodiments, the polypeptide has neutralizing activity of ANG2 (as measured by IC50 in Tie2 competitive ELISA) and VEGFA (as measured by IC50 in VEGFR2 competitive ELISA) , and HSA binding activity (as measured by EC50 in ELISA binding assay) of less than about 25 nM, or less than about 10 nM, or less than about 5 nM. In embodiments, one or more of the ANG2 or VEGFA neutralizing activities, or HSA binding activities (EC50) may be less than about 5 nM or less than about 1 nM.
[0065] In embodiments, the multi-functional construct comprising polypeptides with binding activity for ANG2, HSA, and VEGF-A can optionally have at least two domains that bind VEGFA (e.g., two anti-VEGFA VHHs) . In embodiments, at least one VHH antibody with binding activity for VEGFA is fused at the C-terminus of the construct. In embodiments, the multi-functional construct comprises an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, SEQ ID NO: 86, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, SEQ ID NO: 91, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, SEQ ID NO: SEQ ID NO: 96, and SEQ ID NO: 97, or an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, or at least about 93%, or at least about 95%, or at least about 97%, or at least about 98%, or at least about 99%sequence identity thereto. In embodiments, the polypeptide has neutralizing activities of ANG2 (as measured by IC50 in Tie2 competitive ELISA) , VEGFA (as measured by IC50 in VEGFR2 competitive ELISA) , and HSA binding activity (as measured by EC50 in ELISA binding assay) of less than about 50 nM, or less than about 25 nM. In embodiments, one or more of the polypeptides have ANG2 or VEGFA neutralizing activity, or HSA binding activities of less than about 5 nM or less than about 1 nM. In embodiments, the binding affinity (KD) for HSA is in the pM range (e.g., KD of less than 1 nM) .
[0066] In embodiments, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising a polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding any one of the antibodies, bispecific molecules, or multi-functional polypeptides described herein. In embodiments, the polynucleotide is RNA or DNA. In embodiments, the RNA is a messenger RNA (mRNA) or a modified mRNA.
[0067] In embodiments, the present disclosure provides an expression vector comprising any one of the polynucleotides described herein.
[0068] In embodiments, the present disclosure provides a host cell comprising the polynucleotide described herein or the vector described herein. In embodiments, host cells, e.g., for expressing the polypeptides of this disclosure, include bacterial cells (e.g., E. coli) , yeast cells (e.g., P. pastoris or S. cerevisiae) , mammalian cells (e.g., HEK cells, CHO cells, etc. ) , insect cells (e.g., Sf9 cells) , or others known in the art. Polypeptides of the disclosure can be expressed and purified using techniques known in the art, including but not limited to affinity chromatography.
[0069] Accordingly, in aspects the disclosure provides a method for making the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof according to the disclosure, or the polypeptide according to the disclosure. The method comprises introducing a polynucleotide encoding the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof or the polypeptide under the control of a promoter into a host cell (e.g., a host cell as described above) , culturing the host cell under conditions for expressing the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof or the polypeptide, and recovering the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof or the polypeptide. In embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, or the polypeptide, are recovered by a process comprising affinity chromatography.
[0070] In embodiments, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising an antibody or antigen binding fragment or polypeptide described herein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier. In embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is suitable for parenteral administration, such as intraocular administration (intravitreal administration, subretinal administration, or suprachoroidal administration) .
[0071] A “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” is a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent, suspending agent, stabilizing agent, or any other pharmacologically inert vehicle for delivering one or more of the polypeptides to a subject (e.g., a mammal, such as a human, non-human primate, dog, cat, sheep, pig, horse, cow, mouse, rat, or rabbit) , which is nontoxic to the cell or subject being exposed thereto at the dosages and concentrations employed. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be aqueous pH buffered solutions. Further examples of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include buffers such as phosphate, citrate, and other organic acids, antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, low molecular weight compounds such as amino acids (such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, arginine or lysine) , monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including sucrose, glucose, mannose or dextrins, chelating agents such as EDTA, sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol, salt-forming counterions such as sodium, and / or nonionic surfactants such as TWEENTM, polyethylene glycol (PEG) , and PLURONICSTM.
[0072] In embodiments, the bi-or muti-specific fusion protein constructs containing HSA binding domain (s) are formulated with albumin, sufficient to form fusion protein: HSA complexes.
[0073] In an aspect, there is provided a method for treating or preventing a neovascular disease or disorder in a subject (e.g., a human subject) , comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the polypeptide of the present disclosure, or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure. In embodiments, the disease or disorder is an ocular neovascular condition. In embodiments, the neovascular condition is wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) , diabetic macular edema (DME) , diabetic retinopathy, macular edema (ME) , neovascular glaucoma, or retinopathy of prematurity.
[0074] In embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding fragment, polypeptide or composition is administered by intravitreal or suprachoroidal injection. In embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding fragment, polypeptide or composition is administered no more frequently than about every month (e.g., about once every 30 days) , or no more frequently than every other month, or no more frequently than once every three months, or no more frequently than once every four months, or no more frequently than once every six months.
[0075] In embodiments, the subject is not responsive or is only partially responsive to anti-VEGF therapy alone. In such embodiments, the subject may exhibit a more complete response, even with less frequent administration than conventional agents (e.g., EYLEA) .
[0076] In embodiments, the disease or disorder is a cancer involving neovascularization. In embodiments, the cancer is a solid tumor cancer such as breast cancer, liver cancer, brain cancer, kidney cancer, renal carcinoma, colon cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, and lung cancer. In embodiments, the cancer is triple negative breast cancer.
[0077] In embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding fragment, polypeptide or composition is administered prior to, during, or after one or more of a chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, to normalize the vasculature for improved tumor therapy.
[0078] EXAMPLES
[0079] Example1: Screening of anti-ANG2 antibody from Alpaca immune library
[0080] Construction of Alpaca immune library
[0081] In this example, anti-ANG2 antibodies were generated by immunization of alpacas with full-length human angiopoietin 2 (ANG2, purchased from SinoBiological, Cat#: 10691-H08S) , followed by heavy chain antibody (VHH) library construction and phage library panning for binding with the truncated ANG2 (275-496) protein (Abiocenter) .
[0082] Two alpacas (231#and233#) were used for immunization, each immunized with 0.8 mg of ANG2 antigen every 2 weeks. The first alpaca was immunized with full-length human ANG2 for three times. For the second alpaca, full-length human ANG2 was used for the first immunization, followed by the second immunization with a truncated ANG2 (275-496) protein (Abiocenter) .
[0083] One week after the end of each immunization, blood samples were collected and serum titer was tested by ELISA. For the blood samples with serum titer met the criteria for library construction, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated using RBC lysis kit (CWBIO, Cat#: CW0613M) . RNA was extracted from isolated PBMCs and reverse transcribed into cDNA by HiFiScript cDNA Synthesis Kit (CWBIO, Cat#: CW2569M) . The DNA fragments (~700 bp) encoding for VHH were obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using nanobody specific primers. They were then cloned into phagemid vector pcomb3X, followed by transformation into the E. coli competent cell XL1-Blue by electroporation (BIO-RAD, Gene Pulser Xcell) . The transformed E. coli XL1-Blue cells were cultured in 2-YT-ATG medium supplied with ampicillin and tetracycline for bacterial library stock preparation. Library sizes of 3.47×108 cfu and 1.28×109 cfu were constructed from alpaca 231#and 233#, respectively. The bacterial cells were continued to culture in 2YT-ATG medium at 37℃ for 1 hour, followed by VSCM13 helper phage infection and amplification for phage stock preparation. Finally, the phage particles were precipitated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and NaCl from the culture supernatant and preserved for subsequent antibody panning.
[0084] Phage library panning
[0085] The preserved phage library was subjected to 3 rounds of panning with the truncated ANG2 (275-496) or competing with a control antibody (ANG2 Nb-Fc) for binding with the truncated ANG2 (275-496) . The control antibody, ANG2 Nb-Fc (SEQ ID NO: 34) , is an anti-ANG2 nanobody (ANG2 Nb) fused to an IgG1 Fc domain. The amino acid sequence of ANG2 Nb is from US patent 9527925 B2, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
[0086] The panning was repeated for 3 rounds to obtain antibody clones with high affinity. The collected supernatants from the 3 rounds ofpanning were subjected to screening and quantification by ELISA. Results showed that the collected supernatant could compete with ANG2 Nb-Fc for its binding with the truncated ANG2 (275-496) .
[0087] Recombinant expression of anti-ANG2 nanobodies and activity measurement
[0088] After the initial ELISA screening, the clones displaying competing activity with ANG2 Nb-Fc protein were selected for sequencing. The gene encoding for candidate antibody was cloned into pcDNA3.1 (+) vector with human IgG1 Fc tag fused at the C-terminal of the antibody and recombinantly expressed in 293F cells.
[0089] The anti-ANG2-Fc fusion proteins were purified with Protein G chromatography and subjected to competitive ELISA evaluation. Briefly, the control antibody ANG2 Nb-Fc (0.1 μg / mL) was coated onto 96-well microplates. The biotinylated full-length ANG2 (0.2μg / mL) (ACRO, Cat#: AN2-H82E9) was first incubated with candidate antibodies (2μg / mL) and then added to the ANG2 Nb-Fc coated microplates. After washing, the biotinylated ANG2 bound with ANG2 Nb-Fc was detected with HRP-streptavidin (Bioss, Cat#: bs-0437P-HRP) and TMB substrate (Tiangen Biotech, Cat#: PA107-01) . Inhibition rate (%) was calculated using the following formula:
[0090] Inhibition rate (%) = [ (OD450(biotinylated ANG2)-OD450(mixture of biotinylated ANG2 and antibody)) / OD450 (biotinylated ANG2) ] x 100%.
[0091] Results are shown in Table 1. Both antibodies ANG2-2101 and ANG2-2118 could compete with the control antibody ANG2 Nb-Fc for their binding with ANG2 antigen.
[0092] Table 1. Competitive ELISA
[0093] Anti-ANG2 antibodies were further evaluated with a second competitive ELISA (Tie2 competitive ELISA) . Briefly, the extracellular region (23-745) of the Tie2-Fc fusion protein (Tie2 ECD-Fc) was coated onto 96-well microplates at a concentration of 4μg / mL, 4℃ overnight. The full-length ANG2 with his-tag (ANG2-his, 50nM) was first incubated with candidate antibodies (2 μg / mL) at 37℃ for 1 h and then added to the Tie2-Fc coated microplates at 37℃ for another hour. After washing, the ANG2-his bound with Tie2-Fc was detected with HRP-conjugated mouse anti-His-tag antibody (Proteintech, Cat#: HRP-66005) and TMB substrate (Tiangen Biotech, Cat#: PA107-01) . Results were shown in Figure 2 (A) and Table 7, which indicated that antibodies ANG2-1203 and ANG2-3001 had dose-dependent inhibitory effects in ANG2 / Tie2 binding.
[0094] Four candidate antibodies were obtained by the above-mentioned competitive ELISA methods. The amino acid sequences of the 4 candidate antibodies are shown in Table 3. The Kabat numbering system was used to delineate the amino acids in the CDR region of the antibodies. The amino acid sequences of the corresponding CDR-H1, CDR-H2, and CDR-H3 regions are shown in Table 2.
[0095] Table 2. Amino acid sequences of the CDR region of anti-ANG2 nanobodies
[0096] Table 3. Amino acid sequences of the heavy chain variable region of anti-ANG2 nanobodies
[0097] In conclusion, all the candidate antibodies ANG2-1203, ANG2-2101, ANG2-2118 and ANG2-3001 were able to compete with Tie2 receptor or control antibody ANG2 Nb-Fc for their binding with ANG2 antigen.
[0098] Example 2. Engineering of anti-ANG2 antibodies and activity measurements
[0099] Through amino acid analyses, the anti-ANG2 antibodies ANG2-2101, ANG2-2118, and ANG2-3001 were found to have free cysteine residue at position 50 of the antibodies, which may cause developability issues for further development. Therefore, a library was constructed with random mutation at the free cysteine residue and screened for mutants with comparable activities with their original antibodies. Results showed that two mutant variants of ANG2-2101 (ANG2-2101-C50A and ANG2-2101-C50S) , 1 mutant variant of ANG2-2118 (ANG2-2118-C50S) , and 1 mutant variant of ANG2-3001 (ANG2-3001-C50S) demonstrated comparable activity with their original antibodies. The amino acid sequences of the CDR regions and heavy chain variable regions of the mutants are shown in Table 4 and Table 5, respectively.
[0100] Table 4. Amino acid sequences of the CDR region of anti-ANG2 antibody mutant variants
[0101] Table 5. Amino acid sequences of anti-ANG2 antibody mutant variants (VHH)
[0102] The candidate nanobody mutants (ANG2-2101-C50A, ANG2-2101-C50S, ANG2-2118-C50S, and ANG2-3001-C50S) with IgG1 Fc-tag were transiently expressed in 293F system, purified by Protein A chromatography and analyzed by SDS-PAGE (Figure 1) . The fusion proteins had a theoretical molecular weight of~39kDa.
[0103] The amino acid sequence of IgG1 Fc is SEQ ID NO: 35.
[0104] Table 6. Amino acid sequences of the anti-ANG2 antibody mutant variants with IgG1 Fc-tag
[0105] The anti-ANG2 antibody mutant variants were further evaluated by Tie2 competitive ELISA and results are shown in Figure 2 (A) -Figure 2 (C) and Table 7. It was demonstrated that the four anti-ANG2 antibody mutants maintained their activity in blocking the ANG2 / Tie2 binding.
[0106] Table 7. Summary of activity results of anti-ANG2 antibodies in Tie2 competitive ELISA
[0107] Example 3. Humanization of anti-ANG2 antibodies and activity measurements
[0108] 3.1 Humanization of anti-ANG2 antibody ANG2-2118-C50S and activity measurements
[0109] Anti-ANG2 antibodies ANG2-2118-C50S (SEQ ID NO: 28) and ANG2-3001-C50S (SEQ ID NO: 29) were humanized using the method of CDR grafting in which the CDRs of non-human antibodies were grafted onto the human frameworks. Briefly, the sequences of the V region of the parental antibody were checked and compared with the database (IGBLAST and IMGT) to determine the human Germline with the highest homology to the framework regions of non-human antibody. After the desired human frameworks were chosen, the 3 CDR regions were grafted onto the human frameworks. Some Vernier zone residues that were critical to affinities of antibodies were back-mutated to the original parental residues. The humanized antibodies were constructed and recombinantly expressed in 293F cells for biological activity measurements.
[0110] For antibody candidate ANG2-2118-C50S, the humanized antibody variant ANG2-2118-Hz3-6 displayed higher activity in blocking the binding of ANG2 with its receptor Tie2 and selected for further antibody engineering. Two back-mutations at amino acid positions 5 and 37 and a DG to DS mutation at CDR-H2 region were introduced to ANG2-2118-Hz3-6 to obtain the humanized antibody variant ANG2-2118-Hz3-6-m3 (hereinafter referred to as A2118-m3) , which demonstrated comparable activities with its parental antibody ANG2-2118 in Tie2 competitive ELISA (IC50 values 3.02nM vs 2.58nM) .
[0111] The amino acid sequences of humanized antibody variants ANG2-2118-Hz3-6 and A2118-m3 are shown in Table 9. The amino acid sequences of CDR regions of A2118-m3 using the Kabat numbering system are shown in Table 8.
[0112] Table 8. Amino acid sequences of the CDR regions of humanized anti-ANG2 antibody A2118-m3
[0113] Table 9. Amino acid sequences of the humanized anti-ANG2 antibody ANG2-2118-Hz3-6 and A2118-m3
[0114] 3.2 Humanization of anti-ANG2 antibody ANG2-3001-C50S and activity measurements
[0115] The anti-ANG2 antibody ANG2-3001-C50S was humanized using a similar method as described in Example 3.1 and a humanized antibody variant ANG2-3001-Hz11 and its mutant at CDR-H2 region (from DG to GG) were obtained. The amino acid sequences of the CDR regions as well as the heavy chain variable regions of the humanized antibodies are shown in Table 10 and 11, respectively.
[0116] Table 10. Amino acid sequences of the CDR regions of humanized anti-ANG2 antibody ANG2-3001-Hz11GG and ANG2-3001-Hz11 DS
[0117] Table 11. Amino acid sequences of the humanized anti-ANG2 antibody ANG2-3001-Hz11,ANG2-3001-Hz11 GG and ANG2-3001-Hz11 DS
[0118] The activity of humanized antibody ANG2-3001-Hz11 and its mutant (DG-to-GG) was tested in Tie2 competitive ELISA and results are shown in Figure 3 and Table 12. The ANG2-3001-Hz11 GG exhibited similar activity to that of ANG2-3001-Hz11 in blocking the ANG2 / Tie2 binding.
[0119] Table 12. Inhibitory activity of humanized anti-ANG2 antibodies in Tie2 competitive ELISA
[0120] In a second attempt, an DG to DS mutation was introduced in the CDR-H2 region of the humanized antibody ANG2-3001-Hz11 to obtain the antibody variant ANG2-3001-Hz11 DS. The amino acid sequences of the CDR regions as well as the heavy chain variable regions of the humanized antibody ANG2-3001-Hz11 DS are shown in Table 10 and 11, respectively. The two mutation variants of ANG2-3001-Hz11 antibody with a 6X-His tag fused to the C-terminal of the antibodies were recombinantly expressed in 293F cells.
[0121] The activity of monovalent antibody ANG2-3001-Hz11 GG and ANG2-3001-Hz11 DS was tested in Tie2 competitive ELISA and compared with that of Faricimab, a control antibody in this assay. Faricimab is a bispecific anti-VEGFA x anti-ANG2 antibody with sequence from US patent 2021 / 0324062 A1, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
[0122] The amino acid sequences of the four chains of Faricimab are Faricimab Chain 1 (anti-ANG2 LC) (SEQ ID NO: 125) , Faricimab Chain 2 (anti-ANG2 HC) (SEQ ID NO: 126) , Faricimab Chain 3 (anti-VEGFA LC) (SEQ ID NO: 138) , and Faricimab Chain 4 (anti-VEGFA HC) (SEQ ID NO:139) .
[0123] Results are shown in Figure 4 and Table 13. Both ANG2-3001-Hz11 GG and ANG2-3001-Hz11 DS exhibited higher activity than that of Faricimab in blocking the binding of ANG2 towards its receptor Tie2.
[0124] Table 13. Inhibitory activity of humanized anti-ANG2 antibody variants in Tie2 competitive ELISA
[0125] 3.3 Comparison of physicochemical properties of the humanized antibodies
[0126] The stability of the humanized anti-ANG2 antibodies A2118-m3, ANG2-3001-Hz11 GG and ANG2-3001-Hz11 DS was analyzed in citrate buffer containing Arg-HCl and polysorbate 20, pH 6.0. These antibodies were adjusted to protein concentration of 31 mg / mL and sterile filtered. ANG2-3001-Hz11 GG and ANG2-3001-Hz11 DS remained clear and colorless solution after storage at 37℃ for 8 days, whereas turbidity was found in A2118-m3 under the same experimental condition.
[0127] The hydrophilicity of the anti-ANG2 antibodies was compared using hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) using Proteomix HIC Butyl-NP5 column (Sepax 431NP5-4610) . The main peak of the antibodies A2118-m3, ANG2-3001-Hz11 GG and ANG2-3001-Hz11 DS have retention time of 2.651 min, 1.213 min and 1.256 min, respectively, indicating that ANG2-3001-Hz11 GG and ANG2-3001-Hz11 DS are more hydrophilic than A2118-m3.
[0128] 3.4 Cross-species reactivity of the humanized antibody in Tie2 competitive ELISA
[0129] The Tie2 competitive ELISA was used to evaluate if the candidate antibodies ANG2-3001-Hz11 GG, ANG2-3001-Hz11 DS and A2118-m3 had cross-species reactivity in blocking rabbit or cynomolgus monkey ANG2 to bind with their corresponding receptor Tie2. Faricimab was used as a positive control and results are shown in Table 14. All the three antibodies showed higher activity than Faricimab in blocking rabbit or cynomolgus monkey ANG2 to bind with their corresponding receptor, especially for antibody A2118-m3, which demonstrated the highest cross-species reactivity among the three candidate antibodies.
[0130] Table 14. Cross-species reactivity of the humanized antibody in Tie2 competitive ELISA
[0131] 3.5 Binding affinity measurements by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)
[0132] The binding affinity of ANG2-3001-Hz11 GG, A2118-m3 and Faricimab towards recombinant human full-length ANG2 antigen (Human Angiopoietin-2-His-Avi, ACRO, Cat#: AN2-H82E9) was measured by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) using Biacore 8K (Cytiva) . Briefly, biotinylated full-length ANG2 protein (Human Angiopoietin-2-His-Avi, ACRO, Cat#: AN2-H82E9) was used as ligand and immobilized to Series Sensor Chip CAP, followed by association of the anti-ANG2 antibodies with the immobilized ligand in buffer containing 10 mM HEPES, 150 mM NaCl, 0.05%v / v Tween-20, 3 mM EDTA, pH7.4. As shown in Table 15, ANG2-3001-Hz11 GG had binding affinity of~11nM towards human ANG2, higher than the control antibody Faricimab.
[0133] Table 15. Binding kinetics of anti-ANG2 antibodies towards human Angiopoietin-2-His-Avi
[0134] Example 4. Construction of anti-ANG2 / anti-HSA fusion protein and activity measurements
[0135] In this example, multiple anti-ANG2 / anti-human serum albumin (HSA) fusion proteins were constructed by connecting the anti-ANG2 nanobody and anti-HSA nanobody with a GGS linker. The anti-ANG2 / anti-HSA fusion proteins comprise or consist of at least two immunoglobulin single variable domains (ISVDs) , wherein one ISVD binds to ANG2; and one ISVD binds to HSA, optionally through a linker peptide.
[0136] The anti-HSA antibody used for the construction of the anti-ANG2 / anti-HSA fusion proteins is 3005Hz6, a nanobody obtained by screening of a phage display library and antibody humanization (see China patent publication 2024100889014) . The amino acid sequence of 3005Hz6 is SEQ ID NO: 63.
[0137] The amino acid sequences of the CDR regions of3005Hz6 and the anti-ANG2 / anti-human serum albumin (HSA) fusion proteins are shown in Table 16 and 17, respectively. The fusion proteins were constructed in pcDNA3.1 (+) expression vector with a GGGGS linker and 6X-His tag fused to the C-terminal of the fusion proteins and recombinantly expressed in 293F cells.
[0138] Table 16. Amino acid sequences of the CDR regions of 3005Hz6
[0139] Table 17. Amino acid sequences of the anti-ANG2 / anti-HSA fusion proteins
[0140] The purified anti-ANG2 / anti-HSA fusion proteins were subjected to HSA binding activity and Tie2 competitive ELISA evaluation. Briefly, the HSA binding assay was conducted by coating HSA (2μg / mL) onto 96-well microplates at 4℃ overnight. The serial diluted fusion proteins were added to the plates and incubated to form HSA / antibody complex. The HSA-bound anti-ANG2 / anti-HSA fusion proteins were detected by the HRP conjugated mouse anti-His-tag antibody (Proteintech, Cat#: HRP-66005) and TMB substrate (Tiangen Biotech, Cat#: PA107-01) . The Tie2 competitive ELISA was conducted by coating the Tie2 ECD-Fc fusion protein onto 96-well microplates at a concentration of 4μg / mL, 4℃ overnight. To mimic the physiological conditions that HSA is present abundantly in the human peripheral blood, the anti-ANG2 / anti-HSA fusion proteins was first incubated with HSA (100nM) at 37℃ for 30 min and then added together with the full-length ANG2-His protein to the Tie2 ECD-Fc coated microplates to incubate at 37℃for 1 hr. After washing, the ANG2-His protein bound with Tie2 ECD-Fc was detected by HRP-conjugated mouse anti-His-tag antibody (Proteintech, Cat#: HRP-66005) and TMB (Tiangen Biotech, Cat#: PA107-01) .
[0141] Results are shown in Table 18, which indicated that all the 3 anti-ANG2 / anti-HSA fusion proteins had strong HSA binding activity. Under the experimental condition (pre-incubated with HSA to mimic normal physiological condition) , all the 3 anti-ANG2 / anti-HSA fusion proteins exhibited competitive activity in blocking ANG2 / Tie2 binding with IC50 values in the range of 1.84 to 3.56 nM. In contrast, the control antibody Faricimab has a significant lower activity in blocking ANG2 / Tie2 binding with IC50 value of 12.76 nM. These results indicate that the anti-ANG2 domain and anti-HSA domain of the fusion proteins could function independently without interfering with each other.
[0142] Table 18. Summary of HSA binding activity and Tie2 Competitive ELISA results
[0143] Example 5. Construction of anti-ANG2 / Aflibercept / anti-HSA fusion protein and activity measurements
[0144] In this example, a number of anti-ANG2 / anti-VEGFA fusion proteins were constructed by connecting the anti-ANG2 nanobody and Aflibercept with a (G2S) n or (G4SG3S) n linker. To extend the half-life of the fusion proteins, the anti-HSA nanobody 3005Hz6 was further fused in the middle, or at the C-terminal of the anti-ANG2 / anti-VEGFA fusion proteins. The anti-ANG2 / Aflibercept / anti-HSA fusion proteins comprise or consist of at least three immunoglobulin single variable domains (ISVDs) , wherein one ISVD binds to ANG2, one ISVD binds to HSA, and one ISVD binds to VEGFA, optionally through a linker peptide.
[0145] In this example, the ISVD binds to VEGFA is Aflibercept. The amino acid sequence of Aflibercept (SEQ ID NO: 59) is from patent US 11103552 B2, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
[0146] Different ISVDs (e.g., binding to ANG2, HSA, or VEGFA) are connected via selected linker peptides in an order selected from the group consisting of:
[0147] (a) (ISVD) ANG2- (ISVD) HSA- (ISVD) VEGFA from N-to C-terminus of the polypeptide; and
[0148] (b) (ISVD) VEGFA- (ISVD) ANG2- (ISVD) HSA from N-to C-terminus of the polypeptide.
[0149] The amino acid sequences of the anti-ANG2 / Aflibercept / anti-HSA fusion proteins (202-D-13,202-E-1, 202-E-3) are shown in Table 19. The molecular weight (MW) of the fusion proteins is ~152kDa. They were constructed in pcDNA3.1 (+) expression vector and recombinantly expressed in 293F cells.
[0150] Table 19. Amino acid sequences of the anti-ANG2 / Aflibercept / anti-HSA fusion proteins
[0151] Underline: the amino acid sequence ofAflibercept
[0152] The recombinantly expressed anti-ANG2 / Aflibercept / anti-HSA fusion proteins were purified using Protein A affinity chromatography and subjected to HSA binding activity, VEGFR2 and Tie2 competitive ELISA evaluation. Briefly, the HSA binding assay was conducted by coating HSA onto 96-well microplates. The serial diluted fusion proteins were added to the plates and incubated to form HSA / antibody complex. The HSA-bound anti-ANG2 / Aflibercept / anti-HSA fusion proteins were detected by the HRP conjugated goat anti-hFc antibody (Abbkine, Cat#: A21050) and TMB substrate (Tiangen Biotech, Cat#: PA107-01) . The Tie2 competitive ELISA was carried out using a similar method as described in Example 4. The VEGFR2 competitive ELISA was conducted by coating the goat anti-human IgG-Fc (Solarbio, Cat#: PA107-01) onto 96-well microplates at a concentration of 5μg / mL, 4℃ overnight. The VEGFR2-Fc fusion protein was added to the microplates and incubated for 1 hr. The serial diluted anti-ANG2 / Aflibercept / anti-HSA fusion proteins were pre-incubated with biotinylated VEGFA165-Avi-His protein (0.4 nM) at 37℃ for 1 hr and then added to the microplates to incubate for another hour.
[0153] The VEGFR2-Fc and VEGFA165-Avi-His proteins were prepared by recombinant expression technology in 293F cells.
[0154] The amino acid sequence of VEGFA165-Avi-His is SEQ ID NO: 123. The amino acid sequence ofVEGFR2-Fc is SEQ ID NO: 124.
[0155] After washing, the biotinylated VEGFA165-Avi-His protein bound with VEGFR2-Fc was detected by Streptavidin-HRP (Sangon, Cat#: D111054-0001) and TMB (Tiangen Biotech, Cat#: PA107-01) .
[0156] Results are shown in Table 20, which indicated that all the 3 anti-ANG2 / Aflibercept / anti-HSA fusion proteins had strong HSA binding activity, with EC50 values in the range of0.22-0.93 nM.All the fusion proteins had significant higher activity in VEGFR2 and Tie2 competitive ELISAs than the control antibody Faricimab. The fusion protein 202-D-13 and Aflibercept had comparable activity in competing with VEGFR2 for VEGFA165 binding, suggesting that the anti-ANG2 and anti-HSA domains fused at the N-terminal of the Aflibercept did not interfere with the normal function of Aflibercept. On the other hand, 202-E-1 and 202-E-3 had much higher activity in VEGFR2 competitive ELISA, implying that the anti-ANG2 domain fused at the C-terminal of the Aflibercept may enhanced the binding of Aflibercept with VEGFA165.
[0157] Table 20. Summary of ELISA results of anti-ANG2 / Aflibercept / anti-HSA fusion proteins
[0158] Example 6. Construction of anti-ANG2 / anti-VEGFA / anti-HSA fusion protein and activity measurements
[0159] In this example, anti-VEGFA nanobodies with molecular weight much lower than Aflibercept were used for the construction of anti-ANG2 / anti-VEGFA / anti-HSA fusion proteins, which comprise or consist of at least three immunoglobulin single variable domains (ISVDs) , wherein one ISVD binds to ANG2, one ISVD binds to HSA, and one ISVD binds to VEGFA, optionally through a linker peptide. Different ISVDs (e.g., binding to ANG2, HSA, or VEGFA) are connected via selected linker peptides in an order selected from the group consisting of:
[0160] (a) (ISVD) ANG2- (ISVD) HSA- [ (ISVD) VEGFA] n from N-to C-terminus of the polypeptide; wherein n is 1 or 2;
[0161] (b) (ISVD) VEGFA- (ISVD) ANG2- (ISVD) HSA from N-to C-terminus of the polypeptide;
[0162] (c) (ISVD) VEGFA- (ISVD) HSA- (ISVD) VEGFA- (ISVD) ANG2 from N-to C-terminus of the polypeptide;
[0163] (d) (ISVD) ANG2- (ISVD) VEGFA- (ISVD) HSA- (ISVD) VEGFA from N-to C-terminus of the polypeptide;
[0164] (e) (ISVD) ANG2- [ (ISVD) VEGFA- (ISVD) HSA] n from N-to C-terminus of the polypeptide; wherein n is 1 or 2;
[0165] (f) (ISVD) ANG2- [ (ISVD) VEGFA- (ISVD) HSA] n- (ISVD) HSA from N-to C-terminus of the polypeptide; wherein n is 1 or 2; and
[0166] (g) (ISVD) HSA- (ISVD) ANG2- (ISVD) VEGFA- (ISVD) HSA- (ISVD) VEGFA from N-to C-terminus of the polypeptide.
[0167] The anti-VEGFA antibodies used for the construction of the anti-ANG2 / anti-VEGFA / anti-HSA fusion proteins are V1-SA1 and V1-SA3 nanobody obtained by screening of a phage display library and antibody humanization (see patent PCT / CN2023 / 118600) .
[0168] The amino acid sequence of V1-SA1 is SEQ ID NO: 57. The amino acid sequence of V1-SA3 is SEQ ID NO: 58.
[0169] The V1-SA1 nanobody was designed to be fused in bivalent form with the anti-ANG2 (ANG2-2118-Hz3-6) and anti-HSA (3005Hz6) building blocks to construct the trispecific anti-ANG2 / anti-VEGFA / anti-HSA fusion proteins. A flexible linker GGS was used for connection of different domains in tandem. The two V1-SA1 nanobody building blocks were fused at the C-terminal of the anti-ANG2 (ANG2-2118-Hz3-6) nanobody either in sequential or spaced apart by anti-HSA (3005Hz6) domain, to produce fusion proteins of 202-A-17 and 202-A-30, respectively. The amino acid sequences and connection formats of the anti-ANG2 / anti-VEGFA / anti-HSA fusion proteins are shown in Table 21. The fusion proteins were constructed in pcDNA3.1 (+) expression vector with a 6X-His tag fused to the C-terminal of the fusion proteins and recombinantly expressed in 293F cells. The purified fusion proteins were subjected to HSA binding activity, Tie2 and VEGFR2 competitive ELISA analyses using the methods as described in Example 2 and Example 5. As shown in Table 22, 202-A-30 had relatively higher activity than 202-A-17 in all the assay conducted, implying that the arrangement of different domains in the fusion proteins may affect the biological activity of each domain. Therefore, in the design of the subsequent fusion proteins, the two antibodies V1-SA1 were arranged in such a way that they were spaced apart by the anti-HSA (3005Hz6) antibody domain.
[0170] Table 21. Amino acid sequences of the anti-ANG2 / anti-VEGFA / anti-HSA fusion proteins
[0171] Table 22. Summary of titer and ELISA results of 202-A-17 and 202-A-30 fusion proteins
[0172] Subsequently, the anti-ANG2 nanobody (A2118-m3) was designed to be fused with the bivalent form of V1-SA1 and anti-HSA (3005Hz6) building blocks to construct the trispecific anti-ANG2 / anti-VEGFA / anti-HSA fusion proteins. A flexible linker GGS was used for connection of different domains in tandem. The anti-ANG2 nanobody (A2118-m3) was fused at the N-terminal or C-terminal of the fusion proteins, to construct 202-A-40 and 202-A-42, respectively. The amino acid sequences and connection formats of the anti-ANG2 / anti-VEGFA / anti-HSA fusion proteins are shown in Table 21. The fusion proteins were constructed in pcDNA3.1 (+) expression vector with a 6X-His tag fused to the C-terminal of the fusion proteins and recombinantly expressed in 293F cells. The purified fusion proteins were subjected to HSA binding activity, Tie2 and VEGFR2 competitive ELISA analyses using the methods as described in Example 2 and Example 5. As shown in Table 23, 202-A-40 had relatively higher activity than 202-A-42 in Tie2 and VEGFR2 competitive ELISA, implying that N-terminal fusion of A2118-m3 domain is more favorable in maintaining its Tie2 and VEGFR2 competitive activity.
[0173] Table 23. Summary of titer and ELISA results of 202-A-40 and 202-A-42 fusion proteins
[0174] Therefore, N-terminal fusion of anti-ANG2 nanobody domain was preferred in the design of the subsequent fusion proteins, including 202-A-61, 202-A-62, 202-A-63, 202-A-64, 202-A-73, and 202-A-74 (see Table 21) . Different linkers were used to connect the different nanobody domains, including GGS, GGSGGS, ADESAEN (SEQ ID NO: 135) , KQEPERN (SEQ ID NO: 136) and EPKSS (SEQ ID NO: 134) . The fusion proteins were constructed in pcDNA3.1 (+) expression vector and recombinantly expressed in 293F cells. The purified fusion proteins were subjected to HSA binding activity and Tie2 competitive ELISA analyses. A reporter gene assay based on NFAT-RE-Luc2P / VEGFR2 and primary human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation assay were used to evaluate the activity of the fusion proteins in blocking the downstream signaling pathway of VEGF, and results are shown in Table 24.
[0175] In the VEGF reporter gene assay, the HEK-293 / VEGFR2 / NFAT-RE-luc2P cells stably expressing VEGFR2 and the firefly luciferase reporter under the control of NFAT response elements (purchased from the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control) were used. Briefly, HEK-293 / VEGFR2 / NFAT-RE-luc2P cells at a cell density of 5×104 cells / mL were spread on white 96-well plates (Costar, Cat#: 3917) with 80μL per well, and cultured at 37℃ in a 5%CO2 incubator overnight. On the next day, human VEGFA165 (GenScript, Cat#: Z03073) was prepared with DMEM containing 1%FBS to 80 ng / mL and mixed with different concentrations of fusion proteins in equal volume, and incubated at 37℃ for 30 min. TwentyμL of the fusion protein / VEGFA165 mixture was added to the HEK-293 / VEGF / NFAT cells and incubated at 37℃ for 6 hrs. Subsequently, 100μL luciferin (Yeasen, Cat#: 11404ES60) was added to each well, and the luminescence intensity (RLU) was measured by using a plate reader Synergy H1 (Agilent BioTek) . The inhibitory activity was determined and calculated as the fusion protein concentration that gave 50%maximum inhibition of luciferase activity (IC50) using 4-parameter logistic model fit with GraphPad prism.
[0176] In the HUVEC proliferation assay, human VEGFA165 (GenScript, Cat#: Z03073) was prepared with endothelial cell culture medium ECM (Zhongqiao Xinzhou, Cat#: ZQ-1304) to the concentration of 210 ng / mL, followed by mixing with different concentrations of fusion proteins in equal volume in 96-well plates, and incubated at 37℃ for 1.5-2 hrs. HUVEC cells (National Stem Cell Translational Resource Bank, Item No. : DFSC-EC-01) were resuspended with ECM containing 0.5%FBS, added to the 96-well plates at 1.2×104 cells / well, and incubated at 37℃ in a 5%CO2 incubator for 68-72 hrs. At the end of the incubation, CCK-8 solution (Solarbio, Cat#: CA-1210) was added to each well and measured for viable cells. The inhibition of HUVEC proliferation was determined and calculated as the fusion protein concentration that gave 50%maximum inhibition of proliferation effect (IC50) using 4-parameter logistic model fit with GraphPad prism.
[0177] As shown in Table 24 and 25, the fusion proteins with N-terminal fusion of anti-ANG2 nanobody all have high expression level (100~167 mg / L) with strong VEGFA blocking activity and Tie2 competition activity, suggesting that the anti-VEGFA and anti-ANG2 nanobody building blocks could function normally in this fusion protein design.
[0178] Table 24. Summary of titer and activity results of fusion proteins 202-A-61 / 202-A-62 / 202-A-63 / 202-A-64 / 202-A-66
[0179] Table 25. Summary of titer and activity results of 202-A-73 and 202-A-74
[0180] The VEGFR2 and Tie2 competitive ELISA results of 202-A-74 with (w) or without (w / o) pre-incubation with HSA were showed in Table 26 and Figure 5. The activity of 202-A-74 in competing with VEGFR2 for VEGFA binding remained essentially the same with or without HSA binding. In addition, it is unexpected to find that the binding of HSA to the fusion protein 202-A-74 enhanced its activity in competing with Tie2 for ANG2 binding.
[0181] Table 26. Summary of VEGFR2 and Tie2 competitive ELISA results of 202-A-74
[0182] Example 7. Construction of anti-ANG2 / anti-VEGFA / anti-HSA fusion protein with anti-HSA nanobody 1068
[0183] In this example, anti-HSA nanobody (1068) with much higher binding affinity to HSA was used for the construction of anti-ANG2 / anti-VEGFA / anti-HSA fusion proteins.
[0184] The anti-HSA nanobody 1068 was obtained by affinity maturation of anti-HSA antibody 3005Hz6, with a KD of~56.6 pM by SPR analysis.
[0185] The amino acid sequence of anti-HSA nanobody 1068 is SEQ ID NO: 66.
[0186] The amino acid sequences of CDR regions of 1068 using the Kabat numbering system are shown in Table 27.
[0187] Table 27. Amino acid sequences of the CDR regions of anti-HSA antibody 1068
[0188] The anti-ANG2 / anti-VEGFA / anti-HSA fusion proteins constructed using anti-HSA nanobody 1068 in monovalent, bivalent, or trivalent forms are shown in Table 28. The linkers used for connecting different domains of the fusion proteins include GGS and EPKSS (SEQ ID NO: 134) . The fusion proteins were constructed in pcDNA3.1 (+) expression vector and recombinantly expressed in 293F cells. The purified fusion proteins were subjected to SDS-PAGE analyses, and results are shown in Figure 6.
[0189] Table 28. Amino acid sequences of anti-ANG2 / anti-VEGFA / anti-HSA fusion proteins
[0190] Example 8. Activity measurements of anti-ANG2 / anti-VEGFA / anti-HSA fusion protein containing nanobody 1068
[0191] 8.1 HSA binding affinity and competitive ELISAs
[0192] The binding kinetics of fusion proteins (202-A-73, 202-A-96 and 202-A-98) towards HSA was measured by SPR using Biacore 8K (Cytiva) . Briefly, HSA was used as ligand and immobilized to Series Sensor Chip CM5, followed by association and dissociation of the fusion proteins with the immobilized ligand at neutral pH. The binding kinetics of 202-A-109 towards HSA was measured by SPR using Biacore T200 (Cytiva) . Briefly, the anti-His antibody in His capture kit (Cytiva) was immobilized to Series Sensor Chip CM5, and His-tag HSA (Acrobiosystems, Cat#: HSA-H5220) was captured by the immobilized anti-His antibody, followed by association and dissociation with 202-A-109 at neutral pH. The kinetic parameters (Ka and Kd) and affinities (KD) were calculated with the 1: 1 binding model. As shown in Figure 9 and Table 29, the fusion protein 202-A-96 has~10-fold enhancement than 202-A-73, which is a fusion protein containing nanobody 3005Hz6. The fusion protein 202-A-98 and 202-A-109 with bivalent form of nanobody 1068 has a further enhancement in HSA binding affinity (KD: 1.47E-11 or <1.1E-11) , with an extremely low rate of dissociation.
[0193] Table 29. Binding kinetics of fusion proteins towards HSA
[0194] The HSA binding activity of fusion proteins was further evaluated using ELISA. Briefly, each of the fusion protein was coated onto 96-well microplates at the concentration of 5μg / mL, 4℃ overnight. The biotinylated HSA-Avi-His was serial diluted and added to the plate, incubated at 37℃ for 1 h to form HSA / antibody complex.
[0195] HSA-Avi-His proteins were prepared by recombinant expression technology in 293F cells.
[0196] The amino acid sequence of HSA-Avi-His is SEQ ID NO: 142.
[0197] The fusion protein-bound HSA-Avi-His was detected by Streptavidin-HRP (Sangon, Cat#: D111054-0001) and TMB substrate (Tiangen Biotech, Cat#: PA107-01) . The Tie2 and VEGFR2 competitive ELISA was carried out using a similar method as described in Example 5.
[0198] The control antibodies used for ELISA analyses include Faricimab, BI-VHA Nb, and IBI324. BI-VHA Nb is a trispecific anti-VEGFA / anti-ANG2 / anti-HAS fusion protein with sequence from US patent publication 9527925 B2, the contents ofwhich are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
[0199] The amino acid sequence ofBI-VHA Nb is SEQ ID NO: 119.
[0200] IBI324 is a bispecific anti-VEGFA / anti-ANG2 fusion protein with sequence from international patent publication WO 2022 / 253314, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
[0201] The amino acid sequence of IBI324 is SEQ ID NO: 120.
[0202] Each of the control antibody was constructed with a 6X-His tag in pcDNA3.1 (+) expression vector and recombinantly expressed in 293F cells. After purification with Ni column chromatography, the purified control antibodies were subjected to ELISA analyses, and results are shown in Table 30.
[0203] Table 30. Summary of titer and activity results of fusion proteins containing nanobody 1068
[0204] As can be seen from Table 30, the expression of the positive controls BI-VHA Nb and IBI324 was significantly lower than that of the trispecific fusion proteins designed in this Example. The fusion proteins containing bivalent or trivalent anti-HSA nanobody 1068 (202-A-97, 202-A-98, 202-A-100, 202-A-101, 202-A-109, 202-A-118) exhibited significantly higher HSA binding affinities than the fusion proteins containing antibody 3005Hz6 or monovalent nanobody 1068, in consistent with the SPR results presented in Table 29. The fusion proteins designed in this Example all exhibited much higher activity than the control antibodies in VEGFR2 competitive ELISA.
[0205] 8.2 HSA binding activity of 202-A-109 at different pH
[0206] In this Example, the HSA binding activity of fusion protein 202-A-109 was measured using an ELISA method at different pH. Briefly, the fusion protein 202-A-109 was coated onto 96-well microplates at the concentration of 5μg / mL, 4℃ overnight. The biotinylated HSA-Avi-His was serial diluted in buffers with different pH (5.5, 6.0, 6.5, and 7.4) and incubated at 37℃ for 1 h to form HSA / antibody complex. After washing with PBST (pH7.4) , the fusion protein-bound HSA was detected by Streptavidin-HRP (Sangon, Cat#: D111054-0001) and TMB substrate (Tiangen Biotech, Cat#: PA107-01) . The results of HSA binding activity of fusion protein 202-A-109 at different pH were summarized in Table 31.202-A-109 exhibited high HSA binding activity at all pH (5.5, 6.0, 6.5, and 7.4) tested, suggesting that it is pH insensitive.
[0207] Table 31. Summary of HSA binding activity of 202-A-109 at different pH
[0208] 8.3 Activity of 202-A-109 / HSA complex in VEGFR2 and Tie2 competitive ELISAs
[0209] The VEGFR2 and Tie2 competitive ELISAs were used to compare the biological activities of 202-A-109 at the presence or absence of HSA. Results are shown in Table 32, Figure 8A and Figure 8B, the activity of 202-A-109 in VEGFR2 competitive ELISA remained essentially the same with or without HSA binding. Whereas it is unexpected to find that the binding of HSA to the fusion protein 202-A-109 enhanced its activity in competing with Tie2 for ANG2 binding.
[0210] Table 32. Summary of activity results of 202-A-109 at the presence or absence of HSA
[0211] 8.4 Biological activity of fusion proteins 202-A-74, 202-A-106, and 202-A-109
[0212] In this example, the fusion proteins 202-A-74, 202-A-106, and 202-A-109 were evaluated for biological activities in VEGFA reporter gene assay, HUVEC proliferation assay, and Tie2 phosphorylation assay. The ranking of HSA binding affinities of fusion proteins is in ascending order 202-A-74<202-A-106<202-A-109, with EC50 values of 9.77, 0.51, and 0.21 nM, respectively (see Table 30) . The biological activities of these fusion proteins were evaluated and compared.
[0213] The VEGF reporter gene assay was conducted using a similar method as described in Example 6. As shown in Figure 9 and Table 33, all the fusion proteins 202-A-74, 202-A-106, and 202-A-109 exhibited comparable activity in blocking VEGFR2 / VEGF binding and its downstream signal transduction in the VEGF reporter gene assay.
[0214] Table 33. Inhibition of VEGFA induced signaling in HEK-293 / VEGFR2 / NFAT-RE-luc2P reportergene assay
[0215] The HUVEC proliferation assay was conducted using a similar method as described in Example 6.
[0216] As shown in Figure 10 and Table 34, all the fusion proteins 202-A-74, 202-A-106, and 202-A-109 exhibited comparable activity in HUVEC proliferation assay.
[0217] Results obtained from HEK293 / VEGFR2 / NFAT-RE-luc2P reporter gene assay and HUVEC proliferation assay suggested that fusion proteins with different binding affinities to HSA had similar activities in blocking the VEGFA signaling pathway. Both the 3005Hz6 and 1068 nanobody can be used for the construction of the anti-VEGFA / anti-ANG2 / anti-HSA fusion protein without interfering with the blocking activity of the fusion protein on the VEGFA signaling pathway.
[0218] Table 34. Maximum inhibition rate and IC50 values of fusion proteins in HUVEC proliferation assay
[0219] Subsequently, the fusion proteins were evaluated for activities in blocking ANG2 induced Tie2 phosphorylation. Briefly, Tie2 overexpressing HEK-293 cells (HEK-293-Tie2) in density of 2 x 106 / mL were added to 96-well microplates at 100μL / well. Each of the fusion proteins or control antibody Faricimab was serial diluted in DMEM / F12 medium (Invitrogen, Cat#: 10565018) with a starting concentration of 1000 nM. The test sample prepared in 3-fold dilution serials was mixed with an equal volume of recombinant human ANG2 Protein (R&D, Cat#: 623-AN-01M / CF) and incubated at 37℃ for 30 min. Then the mixture was added to HEK-293-Tie2 cells to incubate at 37℃ for 15 min. Subsequently, culture medium was removed from the incubation mixture by centrifugation and replaced with lysis buffer (containing protease inhibitor and phosphatase inhibitor) for cell lysis in shaking incubator at 4℃ for 20 min. Supernatant was collected by centrifugation at 2000g for 5 min and stored under-80℃ condition. The phosphorylated Tie2 (p-Tie2) in supernatant was quantified using Tie2 phosphorylation ELISA kit (R&D, Cat#: DYC2720E) according to manufacturer’s instructions.
[0220] The inhibition rate of Tie2 phosphorylation was calculated using the following formula:
[0221] Inhibition rate (%) = [OD450(ANG2 only)-OD450(fusion protein+ANG2) ] / ( [OD450(ANG2 only)-OD450(Blank) ] ) x 100%
[0222] As shown in Figure 11 and Table 35, all the fusion proteins 202-A-74, 202-A-106, and 202-A-109 exhibited comparable activity in blocking the ANG2 induced Tie2 phosphorylation, which is consistent with the results obtained from HEK-293 / VEGFR2 / NFAT-RE-luc2P reporter gene assay and HUVEC proliferation assay, in that fusion proteins with different binding affinities to HSA had similar activities in blocking the ANG2 signaling pathway. Both the 3005Hz6 and 1068 nanobody can be used for the construction of the anti-VEGFA / anti-ANG2 / anti-HSA fusion protein without interfering with the blocking activity of the fusion protein on the ANG2 signaling pathway.
[0223] Table 35. Maximum inhibition rate and IC50 values of fusion proteins in ANG2 induced Tie2 phosphorylation assay
[0224] 8.5 Effect of fusion proteins on ANG1 induced Tie2 phosphorylation
[0225] Both ANG1 (angiopoietin-1) and ANG2 are members of the angiopoietin family, whose activities are mediated through the tyrosine kinase receptors Tie1 and Tie2. Ang1 and Ang2 share 60%homology in their amino acid sequences and have similar binding affinity with the receptor Tie2. However, ANG1 and ANG2 play different roles in endothelial physiology and has been correlated in the pathology of vascular-related diseases. ANG1 has a protective role in the retina during neovascularization. ANG1 binding induces the phosphorylation of the Tie2 receptor on endothelial cells, through which it elicits its vascular stabilizing effects. ANG1 elicits its activity acting either directly on the endothelium or via the recruitment of peri-endothelial supporting cells. Contrary to ANG1, ANG2 mainly inhibits vascular stabilization by blocking ANG1-induced Tie2 phosphorylation, promoting peri-endothelial cells detaching from the vasculature, and increasing permeability of endothelial cells.
[0226] In this example, the fusion protein 202-A-109 was evaluated for its effect on ANG1 signaling pathway using ANG1 induced Tie2 phosphorylation assay. Briefly, Tie2 overexpressing HEK-293 cells (HEK-293-Tie2) in density of 2 x 106 / mL were added to 96-well microplates at 100 μL / well. The fusion protein 202-A-109 or control antibody Faricimab was serial diluted in DMEM / F12 medium (Invitrogen, Cat#: 10565018) with a starting concentration of 83.3 nM. The test sample prepared in 3-fold dilution serials was mixed with an equal volume of recombinant human ANG1 Protein (R&D, Cat#: 923-AN-025 / CF) and incubated at 37℃ for 30 min. Then the mixture was added to HEK-293-Tie2 cells to incubate at 37℃ for 15 min. Subsequently, culture medium was removed from the incubation mixture by centrifugation and replaced with lysis buffer (containing protease inhibitor and phosphatase inhibitor) for cell lysis in shaking incubator at 4℃ for 20 min. Supernatant was collected by centrifugation at 2000g for 5 min and stored under-80℃ condition. The phosphorylated Tie2 (p-Tie2) in supernatant was quantified using Tie2 phosphorylation ELISA kit (R&D, Cat#: DYC2720E) according to manufacturer’s instructions.
[0227] The maximum inhibition rate (%) on Tie2 phosphorylation was calculated using the following formula:
[0228] Maximum Inhibition rate (%) = [OD450 (C1) -OD450 (C2) ] / ( [OD450 (C1) ] ) x 100%
[0229] C1: Test sample at the concentration of0.34nM
[0230] C2: Test sample at the concentration of83.3nM
[0231] The positive antibody used in this assay is AMG H4L4, which is an Ang1 / Ang2 targeting antibody with sequence from US patent 10, 336, 820, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in its entireties.
[0232] The amino acid sequence of light chain (LC) of AMG H4L4 is SEQ ID NO: 121.
[0233] The amino acid sequence ofheavy chain (HC) of AMG H4L4 is SEQ ID NO: 122.
[0234] As shown in Figure 12 and Table 36, the positive control antibody AMG H4L4 exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of Ang1 induced Tie2 phosphorylation. Whereas 202-A-109 and Faricimab had no effect in ANG1 signaling at all concentration tested, implying that 202-A-109 is able to specifically block the ANG2 signaling pathway without affecting ANG1 downstream signaling.
[0235] Table 36. Maximum inhibition rate and IC50 values of 202-A-109 in ANG1 induced Tie2 phosphorylation assay
[0236] EXEMPLARY SEQUENCES
[0237] Table 37: Amino acid and nucleotide sequences of exemplary anti-ANG2 antibodies
[0238] Table 38: Amino acid and nucleotide sequences of exemplary anti-HSA antibodies
[0239] Table 39: Amino acid and nucleotide sequences of exemplary anti-VEGFA constructs
[0240] Table 40: Amino acid and nucleotide sequences of exemplary bispecific anti-ANG2 and anti-HSA fusion constructs
[0241] Table 41: Amino acid and nucleotide sequences of exemplary multispecific anti-ANG2, aflibercept and anti-HSA constructs
[0242] Table 42: Amino acid and nucleotide sequences of exemplary multispecific anti-ANG2, anti-VEGFA, and anti-HSA constructs
[0243] Table 43: Other constructs
[0244] Table 44: Linker peptides
Claims
1.An isolated anti-ANG2 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprising a Variable Heavy Domain of a Heavy Chain (VHH) antibody, wherein the VHH antibody comprises a CDR-H1, CDR-H2, and CDR-H3 region selected from the group consisting of:(a) a CDR-H1 amino acid sequence of TYAMG (SEQ ID NO: 1) , a CDR-H2 amino acid sequence of AIVWSSGSTYYADSVKG (SEQ ID NO: 7) , and a CDR-H3 amino acid sequence of DGATQQPDYSDYVGPTDTY (SEQ ID NO: 16) , or a variant comprising from one to five amino acid modifications collectively in CDR-H1, CDR-H2, and CDR-H3, and / or a humanized variant thereof;(b) a CDR-H1 amino acid sequence of YYTIG (SEQ ID NO: 2) , a CDR-H2 amino acid sequence of CISSSGGSTYSADSVKG (SEQ ID NO: 8) , and a CDR-H3 amino acid sequence of TTGWGRDFAVYEYDL (SEQ ID NO: 17) , or a variant comprising from one to five amino acid modifications collectively in CDR-H1, CDR-H2, and CDR-H3, and / or a humanized variant thereof;(c) a CDR-H1 amino acid sequence of DYAIG (SEQ ID NO: 3) , a CDR-H2 amino acid sequence of CISSSDGSTYYADSVKG (SEQ ID NO: 9) , and a CDR-H3 amino acid sequence of GWDTNQARLAIPYEYDA (SEQ ID NO: 18) , or a variant comprising from one to five amino acid modifications collectively in CDR-H1, CDR-H2, and CDR-H3, and / or a humanized variant thereof; or(d) a CDR-H1 amino acid sequence of DYAIG (SEQ ID NO: 3) , a CDR-H2 amino acid sequence of CISSSDGSTYYADSVKG (SEQ ID NO: 9) , and a CDR-H3 amino acid sequence of SITTAQALGVMPPYEYDS (SEQ ID NO: 19) , or a variant comprising from one to five amino acid modifications collectively in CDR-H1, CDR-H2, and CDR-H3, and / or a humanized variant thereof.2.The isolated antibody or antigen binding fragment of claim 1, wherein the CDR-H1 has the formula X1YX2X3G, where: X1 is T, Y, or D; X2 is A or T, and X3 is M or I.3.The isolated antibody or antigen binding fragment of claim 1 or 2, wherein the CDR-H2 has the formula X1IX2X3SX4X5STYYADSVKG, wherein: X1 is A, C, or S; X2 is V or S; X3 is W or S; X4 is S, G, or D; and X5 is G or S.4.The isolated antibody or antigen binding fragment of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the VHH antibody comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS: 22, 23, 24, and 25, or a humanized variant thereof.5.The isolated antibody or antigen binding fragment of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein CDR-H2 X1 is A or S, optionally wherein the CDR-H2 is one of SEQ ID NOS: 10, 11, and 12, and the CDR-H3 is SEQ ID NO: 17, 18, or 19.6.The isolated antibody or antigen binding fragment of claim 5, wherein the VHH antibody comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS: 26, 27, 28, and 29, or a humanized variant thereof.7.The isolated antibody or antigen binding fragment of claim 5, wherein CDR-H2 X1 is S and CDR-H2 X5 is S, and wherein the VHH antibody is humanized and optionally comprises the CDR-H2 of SEQ ID NO: 13 and the CDR-H3 of SEQ ID NO: 18.8.The isolated antibody or antigen binding fragment of claim 7, wherein the VHH antibody comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36 or 37.9.The isolated antibody or antigen binding fragment of claim 5, wherein CDR-H2 X1 is S, CDR-H2 X4 is G or D, and CDR-H2 X5 is G or S, and the VHH antibody is humanized, and optionally comprises the CDR-H2 of SEQ ID NO: 13 or 14 and the CDR-H3 of SEQ ID NO: 19.10.The isolated antibody or antigen binding fragment of claim 9, wherein the VHH antibody comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38, 39, or SEQ ID NO: 147.11.The isolated antibody or antigen binding fragment of claim 1, wherein the VHH antibody has at least 90%, or at least 95%, or at least 97%, or at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39 and SEQ ID NO: 147.12.The isolated antibody or antigen binding fragment of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the VHH antibody is fused to albumin or an immunoglobulin Fc domain, which is optionally an IgG isotype, and optionally IgG1.13.A polypeptide comprising or consisting of at least two immunoglobulin single variable domains (ISVDs) , wherein one of the said ISVDs comprises the isolated antibody or antigen binding fragment of any one of claims 1 to 11; and wherein:(a) a first ISVD binds to ANG2; and(b) a second ISVD binds to human serum albumin (HSA) , optionally through a linker peptide.14.The polypeptide of claim 13, wherein the polypeptide that binds to HSA is a VHH antibody.15.The polypeptide of claim 14, wherein the VHH antibody that binds to HSA comprises:(a) a CDR-H1 amino acid sequence of NYYMS (SEQ ID NO: 5) , a CDR-H2 amino acid sequence of GISVDGSFLDYADAVKG (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a CDR-H3 amino acid sequence of ASGPQGLRLGAP (SEQ ID NO: 20) , or a variant comprising from one to five amino acid modifications collectively in CDR-H1, CDR-H2, and CDR-H3, and / or a humanized variant thereof; or(b) a CDR-H1 amino acid sequence of EYYMS (SEQ ID NO: 6) , a CDR-H2 amino acid sequence of GISVDGSFLDYADAVKG (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and a CDR-H3 amino acid sequence of ASGPQGLRWWAP (SEQ ID NO: 21) , or a variant comprising from one to five amino acid modifications collectively in CDR-H1, CDR-H2, and CDR-H3, and / or a humanized variant thereof.16.The polypeptide of claim 15, wherein the VHH antibody that binds to HSA comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 63 or SEQ ID NO: 64, or has at least 90%, or at least 95%, or at least 97%, or at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 63 or SEQ ID NO: 64.17.The polypeptide of any one of claims 13 to 16, comprising a linker peptide, which is optionally from 1 to 30 amino acids in length, or from 2 to 20 amino acids in length, or from 2 to 10 amino acids in length, and which is optionally composed predominately or entirely of Serine and Glycine residues.18.The polypeptide of any one of claims 13 to 17, wherein the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, and an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, or at least about 93%, or at least about 95%, or at least about 97%, or at least about 98%, or at least about 99%sequence identity thereto.19.A polypeptide comprising or consisting of at least three immunoglobulin single variable domains (ISVDs) , wherein one of the ISVDs comprises the isolated antibody or antigen binding fragment of any one of claims 1 to 12, or two of the ISVDs comprise the polypeptide of any one of claims 13 to 18; and wherein:(a) a first ISVD binds to ANG2;(b) a second ISVD binds to HSA; and(c) a third ISVD binds to vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) .20.The polypeptide of claim 19, wherein the third ISVD is aflibercept, and optionally comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59.21.The polypeptide of claim 19, wherein the third ISVD is a VHH antibody.22.The polypeptide of claim 21, wherein the VHH antibody comprises an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, and an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, or at least about 93%, or at least about 95%, or at least about 97%, or at least about 98%, or at least about 99%sequence identity thereto.23.The polypeptide of any one of claims 19 to 22, wherein the ISVDs of the polypeptide are connected via one of more linker peptides in an order selected from the group consisting of:(a) (ISVD) ANG2- (ISVD) HSA- [ (ISVD) VEGFA] n from N-to C-terminus of the polypeptide; wherein n is 1 or 2;(b) (ISVD) VEGFA- (ISVD) ANG2- (ISVD) HSA from N-to C-terminus of the polypeptide;(c) (ISVD) VEGFA- (ISVD) HSA- (ISVD) VEGFA- (ISVD) ANG2 from N-to C-terminus of the polypeptide;(d) (ISVD) ANG2- (ISVD) VEGFA- (ISVD) HSA- (ISVD) VEGFA from N-to C-terminus of the polypeptide;(e) (ISVD) ANG2- [ (ISVD) VEGFA- (ISVD) HSA] n from N-to C-terminus of the polypeptide; wherein n is 1 or 2;(f) (ISVD) ANG2- [ (ISVD) VEGFA- (ISVD) HSA] n- (ISVD) HSA from N-to C-terminus of the polypeptide; wherein n is 1 or 2; and(g) (ISVD) HSA- (ISVD) ANG2- (ISVD) VEGFA- (ISVD) HSA- (ISVD) VEGFA from N-to C-terminus of the polypeptide.24.The polypeptide of claim 23, wherein the linker peptides are independently from 2 to 30 amino acids in length, or from 2 to 20 amino acids in length, or from 2 to 10 amino acids in length.25.The polypeptide of claim 24, wherein the linker peptides are composed predominately or entirely of serine and glycine amino acids.26.The polypeptide of claim 24, wherein the linker peptides comprise or consist of a sequence selected from EPKSS (SEQ ID NO: 134) , ADESAEN (SEQ ID NO: 135) , KQEPERN (SEQ ID NO: 136) , or a variant thereof having an amino acid substitution or deletion.27.The polypeptide of any one of claims 19 to 26, comprising an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, SEQ ID NO: 86, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, SEQ ID NO: 91, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, SEQ ID NO: SEQ ID NO: 96, SEQ ID NO: 97, or an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, or at least about 93%, or at least about 95%, or at least about 97%, or at least about 98%, or at least about 99%sequence identity thereto.28.A polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the antigen binding fragment or polypeptide of any one of claims 1-27.29.An expression vector comprising the polynucleotide of claim 28.30.A host cell comprising the polynucleotide of claim 28 or the expression vector of claim 29.31.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody or antigen binding fragment, or polypeptide of any of claims 1 to 27, or the polynucleotide of claim 28 or 29, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier.32.A method for treating or preventing a neovascular disease or disorder in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the antibody or antigen binding fragment, or polypeptide of any one of claims 1 to 27, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 31.33.The method of claim 32, wherein the disease or disorder is an ocular neovascular condition, which is optionally age-related macular degeneration (AMD) , diabetic macular edema (DME) , diabetic retinopathy, macular edema (ME) , neovascular glaucoma, and retinopathy of prematurity.34.The method of claim 33, wherein the disease or disorder is wet AMD.35.The method of claim 33, wherein the disease or disorder is diabetic macular edema (DME) .36.The method of any one of claims 32 to 35, wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment, or polypeptide of any one of claims 1 to 27, or composition of claim 31 is administered by intravitreal, subretinal administration, or suprachoroidal injection.37.The method of claim 36, wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment, or polypeptide of any one of claims 1 to 27, or composition of claim 31 is administered no more frequently than every month, or no more frequently than every other month, or no more frequently than once every three months, or no more frequently than once every four months, or no more frequently than once every six months.38.The method of claim 32, wherein the disease or disorder is a solid tumor.39.The method of claim 38, wherein the antigen binding fragment n or polypeptide of any one of claims 1 to 27, or composition of claim 31 is administered prior to, during, or after one or more of a chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.40.A method for making the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof of any one or claims 1 to 12, or the polypeptide of any one of claims 13-27, comprising:introducing a polynucleotide encoding the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof or the polypeptide under the control of a promoter into a host cell,culturing the host cell under conditions for expressing the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof or the polypeptide, andrecovering the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof or the polypeptide.
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