Solar device, solar cell assembly, electrical apparatus, power generation apparatus and photovoltaic system

Abstract

The present application provides a solar device, a solar cell assembly, an electrical apparatus, a power generation apparatus, and a photovoltaic system. In the solar device, a plurality of solar cells can be connected in series by means of the design of a first groove, a second groove, a third groove, and a fourth groove. In addition, in each solar cell, a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer may be located on the same side of a light absorption layer. When entering from a light incident surface of the cell, sunlight may not pass through the first electrode layer, such that the loss of incident light caused by optical absorption can be reduced, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar device.

Description

Solar energy device, solar cell module, electric device, power generation device, and photovoltaic system

[0001] Related Applications

[0002] This application claims priority to the Chinese Patent Application No. 2024109701636, filed on July 18, 2024, entitled “Solar energy device, electric device, power generation device, and photovoltaic system”, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0003] This application claims priority to the Chinese Patent Application No. 2024222449411, filed on September 12, 2024, entitled “Solar cell, photovoltaic module, power generation device, and electric device”, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0004] The present application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a solar energy device, a solar cell module, an electric device, a power generation device, and a photovoltaic system. BACKGROUND

[0005] Solar cells can convert solar energy into electrical energy. Traditional solar cells are usually structured in a first electrode layer, a first charge extraction layer, a light-absorbing layer, a second charge extraction layer, and a second electrode layer, which are sequentially stacked. When sunlight is incident from the front or back of the cell, it will pass through the electrode layer and the charge extraction layer, which will cause optical absorption between these layers and interfaces, resulting in loss of incident light. This absorption loss caused by the design of the solar cell structure will lead to a decrease in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. SUMMARY

[0006] A solar device includes a plurality of solar cells, each of which includes: a charge extraction component including a first electrode layer and an insulating layer arranged in a stack; a second electrode layer located on a side of the insulating layer away from the first electrode layer, the insulating layer covering part of a surface of the second electrode layer, and the second electrode layer not covered by the insulating layer being electrically connected to the first electrode layer; and a light-absorbing layer covering the charge extraction component and covering the surface of the second electrode layer not covered by the insulating layer. The plurality of solar cells are sequentially arranged in a first direction, and a first groove is arranged between adjacent solar cells to separate the second electrode layers of the adjacent solar cells. A second groove is also arranged between the adjacent solar cells, a bottom of the second groove being located on the surface of the second electrode layer, and at least part of the first electrode layer electrically connected to the second electrode layer being in communication through a conductive medium filled in the second groove. A third groove is also arranged between the adjacent solar cells to separate the first electrode layers of the adjacent solar cells. A fourth groove is also arranged between the adjacent solar cells to separate the light-absorbing layers of the adjacent solar cells, and the first groove, the second groove, the third groove, and the fourth groove divide and connect the plurality of solar cells in the first direction.

[0007] In the above solar device, the plurality of solar cells can be divided and connected by the first groove, the second groove, the third groove, and the fourth groove. In the solar cell, the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer can be located on the same side of the light-absorbing layer, and when sunlight is incident on the light-incident surface of the solar cell, the sunlight can not pass through the first electrode layer, thereby reducing the loss of incident light due to optical absorption and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar device.

[0008] In some embodiments, the insulating layer covers at least part of the second electrode layer and fills the first groove. In the area where the insulating layer covers the second electrode layer, the insulating layer fills the first groove, which can reduce the risk of short circuit between adjacent solar cells and improve the reliability of the solar device.

[0009] In some embodiments, the insulating layers of adjacent solar cells are connected. The connection of the insulating layers of adjacent solar cells can further reduce the risk of short circuit between adjacent solar cells and reduce the processing difficulty of the solar device.

[0010] In some embodiments, the second groove is arranged away from the insulating layer. In this case, the insulating layer does not need to be processed when the second groove is processed.

[0011] In some embodiments, the charge extraction component further comprises a first charge transport layer, the first charge transport layer is located between the light absorption layer and the first electrode layer, the first charge transport layer covers the first electrode layer on the insulating layer, a projection of the first charge transport layer in a thickness direction is located in the insulating layer, the thickness direction intersects the first direction. The first charge transport layer can facilitate the extraction and transport of charges in the light absorption layer, increase the number of charges transported to the first electrode layer and the transport rate of charges transported to the first electrode layer, and further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. Optionally, the first charge transport layer is in contact with the insulating layer.

[0012] In some embodiments, the solar cell further comprises a second charge transport layer, the second charge transport layer is located between the insulating layer and the second electrode layer, and the light absorption layer covers the surface of the second charge transport layer exposed from the insulating layer. The second charge transport layer can facilitate the extraction and transport of charges in the light absorption layer, increase the number of charges transported to the second electrode layer and the transport rate of charges transported to the second electrode layer, and further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0013] In some embodiments, the first recess separates the second charge transport layers of adjacent solar cells.

[0014] In some embodiments, a projection of the fourth recess along a thickness direction of the solar cell at least partially overlaps a projection of the second recess along the thickness direction, the thickness direction intersects the first direction. At this time, the dead area of the solar energy device can be reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar energy device can be improved.

[0015] In some embodiments, a projection of the second recess along a thickness direction of the solar cell is located within a projection of the fourth recess along the thickness direction of the solar cell, the thickness direction intersects the first direction. At this time, the dead area of the solar energy device can be further reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar energy device can be improved.

[0016] In some embodiments, a projection of the third recess along a thickness direction of the solar cell is located within a projection of the fourth recess along the thickness direction of the solar cell, the thickness direction intersects the first direction. At this time, the dead area of the solar energy device can be further reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar energy device can be improved.

[0017] In some embodiments, the third recess is filled with an insulating material. By filling the insulating material, the first electrode layer is directly not connected, and the risk of short circuit of the first electrode layer caused by the filling of the subsequently deposited transport layer and light-emitting layer can be reduced.

[0018] In some embodiments, the resistivity of the material of the insulating layer is ≥10 14 ohm·centimeter (abbreviated as: Ω·cm). Optionally, the resistivity of the material of the insulating layer is 1014 Ω·cm~10 16 Ω·cm.

[0019] In some embodiments, the insulating layer is made of one or more of magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, and ceramic materials.

[0020] In some embodiments, the surface of the light-absorbing layer away from the second electrode layer has a self-trapping light structure. The self-trapping light structure can reduce the reflectivity of sunlight on the incident surface of the solar cell, which is beneficial to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0021] In some embodiments, an antireflection layer is provided on the side of the light-absorbing layer away from the second electrode layer. The antireflection layer further reduces the reflectivity of sunlight on the light-receiving surface of the solar cell, increases the transmittance of sunlight on the light-receiving surface, and further improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0022] In some embodiments, the antireflective layer is also filled within the fourth groove.

[0023] In some embodiments, the light-absorbing layer includes a perovskite light-absorbing layer. A perovskite solar cell can then be formed.

[0024] In some embodiments, each solar cell has multiple charge-discharging components, which are spaced apart on the surface of the second electrode layer along a second direction that intersects the first direction. The insulating layers in the charge-discharging components of adjacent solar cells are connected one-to-one. By arranging multiple charge-discharging components, the area ratio of the first electrode layer can be increased, promoting charge collection and further improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. Optionally, the second direction and the first direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0025] In some embodiments, the solar cell further includes electrode leads, through which the first electrode layers of multiple charge-discharging components are connected. The electrode leads further facilitate charge collection by the first electrode layers in the multiple charge-discharging components, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0026] A solar cell module includes a first solar cell device and a second solar cell device respectively disposed on opposite sides of a substrate along the thickness direction, the first solar cell device and the second solar cell device being connected in series; wherein the first solar cell device and the second solar cell device include the aforementioned solar cell device.

[0027] In some embodiments, the first electrode layer of the first solar energy device and the corresponding first electrode layer of the second solar energy device output the same carriers, wherein the first electrode layer of the first solar energy device located on one side of the substrate along the thickness direction thereof extends in the first direction and is bent to the other side of the substrate along the thickness direction thereof, and is electrically connected with the second electrode layer of the second solar energy device located on the other side of the substrate along the thickness direction thereof, and the second electrode layer of the first solar energy device at the other end thereof along the first direction and the first electrode layer of the second solar energy device at the other end thereof along the first direction are respectively provided with a first bus bar lead-out.

[0028] In some embodiments, the first electrode layer of the first solar energy device and the first electrode layer of the second solar energy device respectively extend on one side of the first direction, the second electrode layer of the first solar energy device and the second electrode layer of the second solar energy device respectively extend on the other side of the first direction, the first electrode layer of the first solar energy device and the first electrode layer of the second solar energy device are respectively provided with a first bus bar at the extension thereof, and the second electrode layer of the first solar energy device and the second electrode layer of the second solar energy device are respectively provided with a second bus bar at the extension thereof; optionally, the two first bus bars are electrically connected and lead out, and / or the two second bus bars are electrically connected and lead out.

[0029] A power utilization device comprising the above-mentioned solar energy device.

[0030] A power generation device comprising the above-mentioned solar energy device.

[0031] A photovoltaic system comprising the above-mentioned solar energy device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] For better describing and illustrating the embodiments or examples provided in the present application, one or more drawings can be referred to. The additional details or examples used for describing the drawings should not be considered as limiting the scope of any one of the disclosed applications, the presently described embodiments or examples, and the best mode presently understood of these applications. Moreover, the same reference numbers are used to represent the same components throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0033] Fig. 1 is a top view of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0034] Fig. 2 is a sectional view along the direction of A-A in Fig. 1.

[0035] Fig. 3 is a top view of a solar energy device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0036] Fig. 4 is a sectional view along the direction of B-B in Fig. 3.

[0037] Fig. 5 is a sectional view along the direction of C-C in Fig. 3.

[0038] Fig. 6 is a sectional view along the direction of B-B in Fig. 3 representing another embodiment of the solar energy device.

[0039] FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the C-C direction of the solar energy device shown in FIG. 3 in another embodiment.

[0040] FIG. 8 is a top view of the solar energy device in another embodiment of the present application.

[0041] FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the product structure when preparing the first electrode layer in an embodiment of the present application.

[0042] FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the solar cell module provided in some embodiments of the present application.

[0043] FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of the solar cell module in an embodiment of the present application.

[0044] FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the structure of the solar cell module provided in FIG. 11 from another perspective.

[0045] FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the structure of the solar cell module in another embodiment of the present application.

[0046] FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the structure of the solar cell module provided in FIG. 13 from another perspective.

[0047] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 1, solar cell; 11, charge lead-out assembly; 1101, first electrode layer; 1102, insulating layer; 12, second electrode layer; 13, light-absorbing layer; 14, substrate; 15, first charge transport layer; 16, second charge transport layer; 17, anti-reflection layer; 18, electrode lead; 19, first recess; 110, second recess; 2, solar energy device; 2-1, first solar energy device, 2-2, second solar energy device; 21, third recess; 22, fourth recess; 3, solar cell module; 4, first bus bar; 5, second bus bar. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the present application, the present application will be described in greater detail below with reference to the drawings. The preferred embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings. However, the present application can be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and fully convey the scope of the application to those skilled in the art.

[0049] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in the description of the application herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0050] "ranges" disclosed herein can be defined, for example, by both a lower and an upper limit. Ranges can go up to the upper limit and down to the lower limit, each end-point is independently includable or excludable, and any intervening range encompassed between the lower and upper limits are also encompassed. For example, a range stated for a certain parameter, such as from 1 to 10, should be interpreted to include for example from 1 to 6, not just from 1 to 10. Similarly, a range stated for a certain parameter, such as from 3 to 8, should be interpreted to include for example from 3 to 7, not just from 3 to 8. Unless otherwise specified, a numerical range "a-b" is intended to include all integer and fractional values subsumed within that range. For example, the numerical range "1-5" is intended to include, for example, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, 5, as well as 1-5, 1.2-4.8, 3-4.6, and the like. Numerical ranges "a-b" are intended to include a to b as a shorthand for indicating every number that falls within the range. For example, the numerical range "0-5" is intended to indicate that all real numbers between 0 and 5 are included, e.g., 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. have all been listed. In addition, when a parameter is stated to be an integer ≥ 2, this is equivalent to stating that the parameter is, for example, an integer 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc. For example, when a parameter is stated to be an integer selected from "2-10", this is equivalent to stating that the parameter is an integer 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.

[0051] As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. "A" or "an" means one or more. "Another" means at least a second or more.

[0052] All embodiments and optional embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other to form new technical solutions, if not specifically stated otherwise.

[0053] Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment or implementation of the application. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are they necessarily mutually exclusive or alternative embodiments. It is explicitly understood that the embodiments described herein can be combined with each other. Reference herein to "an implementation" has a similar understanding.

[0054] Those skilled in the art can understand that the order of writing each step in the method of each embodiment or example does not mean a strict execution order and does not constitute any limitation on the implementation process. The detailed execution order of each step should be determined by its function and possible internal logic. If not specifically stated, all steps of the present application can be performed in sequence or randomly. For example, the method includes steps (a) and (b), which means that the method can include steps (a) and (b) performed in sequence, or steps (b) and (a) performed in sequence. For example, the method also includes step (c), which means that step (c) can be added to the method in any order, for example, the method can include steps (a), (b) and (c), or steps (a), (c) and (b), or steps (c), (a) and (b), etc.

[0055] In the present application, the open technical features or technical solutions described by the words "containing", "including", "comprising" and the like do not exclude additional members other than the listed members, and can be regarded as providing both a closed feature or solution composed of the listed members and an open feature or solution including additional members in addition to the listed members. For example, A includes a1, a2 and a3, and unless otherwise specified, it can also include other members or can not include additional members, and can be regarded as providing both the feature or solution that "A is composed of a1, a2 and a3" and the feature or solution that "A includes a1, a2 and a3, and also includes other members".

[0056] In the present application, "A, such as B" means that B is a non-limiting example of A, and A can be understood as not limited to B.

[0057] In the present application, "optionally", "optional" and "optional" mean that it can or can not be present, i.e. it can be selected from either of the two parallel solutions "yes" or "no". If there are multiple "optional" in a technical solution, unless otherwise specified, and there is no contradiction or mutual restriction, each "optional" is independent.

[0058] The photoelectric conversion principle of a solar cell is as follows: incident light (e.g. sunlight) enters the device interior, reaches the light-absorbing layer and is absorbed, a hole-electron pair is generated in the light-absorbing layer under the excitation of incident light, the hole and electron are separated under the action of an electric field, the electron is transported to one electrode, while the hole is transported to another electrode, and then a loop is formed through an external circuit, which can be used to drive a load to work.

[0059] Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, an embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell 1. The solar cell 1 comprises: a charge lead-out assembly 11, the charge lead-out assembly 11 comprises a first electrode layer 1101 and an insulating layer 1102 which are arranged in a stack. A second electrode layer 12, the second electrode layer 12 is located on a side of the insulating layer 1102 which is away from the first electrode layer 1101, the insulating layer 1102 covers part of the surface of the second electrode layer 12, and the second electrode layer 12 which is not covered by the insulating layer 1102 is electrically connected with the first electrode layer 1101. A light-absorbing layer 13, the light-absorbing layer 13 covers the charge lead-out assembly 11 and covers at least part of the surface of the second electrode layer 12 which is not covered by the insulating layer 1102.

[0060] In the above-mentioned solar cell 1, the first electrode layer 1101 and the second electrode layer 12 can be located on the same side of the light-absorbing layer 13, and when sunlight is incident from the light-incident surface of the cell, the sunlight can not pass through the first electrode layer 1101, so that the loss of incident light due to optical absorption can be reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 1 can be improved.

[0061] It should be noted that in FIG. 1, the light-absorbing layer 13 blocks the structure below it. In order to more clearly show the structure below the light-absorbing layer 13, in FIG. 1, the outline of the first charge transport layer 15 located below the light-absorbing layer 13 is shown by the dashed line on the light-absorbing layer 13. As can be seen from FIG. 2, below the light-absorbing layer 13 in FIG. 1, there is part of the structure of the charge lead-out assembly 11, wherein the first charge transport layer 15 in the charge lead-out assembly 11 below the light-absorbing layer 13 and the first electrode layer 1101 and the insulating layer 1102 are blocked by the light-absorbing layer 13.

[0062] Please refer to FIG. 3 to FIG. 5, another embodiment of the present application provides a solar device 2. The solar device 2 comprises a plurality of the above-mentioned solar cells 1, and the plurality of solar cells 1 are sequentially distributed along a first direction.

[0063] Specifically, the solar device 2 comprises a plurality of solar cells 1. The solar cell 1 comprises: a charge lead-out assembly 11, the charge lead-out assembly 11 comprises a first electrode layer 1101 and an insulating layer 1102 which are arranged in a stack. A second electrode layer 12, the second electrode layer 12 is located on the side of the insulating layer 1102 away from the first electrode layer 1101, the insulating layer 1102 covers part of the surface of the second electrode layer 12, the second electrode layer 12 not covered by the insulating layer 1102 is respectively electrically connected with the first electrode layer 1101. An absorbing layer 13, the absorbing layer 13 covers the first electrode layer 1101 and the insulating layer 1102, and covers at least part of the surface of the second electrode layer 12 not covered by the insulating layer 1102. A plurality of solar cells 1 are sequentially distributed along a first direction, and a first groove 19 is arranged between adjacent solar cells 1, the first groove 19 separates the second electrode layers 12 of adjacent solar cells 1. A second groove 110 is also arranged between adjacent solar cells 1, the bottom of the second groove 110 is located on the surface of the second electrode layer 12 facing the absorbing layer 13, and at least part of the first electrode layer 1101 of the solar cell and the second electrode layer 12 of the adjacent solar cell are connected through the conductive medium filled in the second groove 110. A third groove 21 is also arranged between adjacent solar cells 1, the third groove 21 separates the first electrode layers 1101 of adjacent solar cells. A fourth groove 22 is also arranged between adjacent solar cells 1, the fourth groove 22 separates the absorbing layers 13 of adjacent solar cells 1. Along the first direction, the first groove 19, the second groove 110, the third groove 21 and the fourth groove 22 divide and connect the plurality of solar cells 1.

[0064] In the solar device 2 of the present embodiment, the plurality of solar cells 1 are divided and connected through the design of the first groove 19, the second groove 110, the third groove 21 and the fourth groove 22. Specifically, the first groove 19 is used to separate the second electrode layers 12 between adjacent solar cells 1, the third groove 21 and the fourth groove 22 are respectively used to separate the first electrode layers 1101 and the absorbing layers 13 between adjacent solar cells 1, and the conductive medium filled in the second groove 110 is used to electrically connect the first electrode layer 1101 and the second electrode layer 12, thereby realizing the series connection of the two adjacent solar cells 1. As described above for the solar cell 1, the photoelectric conversion rate of the solar cell 1 can be improved through structural design. Therefore, in the solar device 2 of the present embodiment, the series connection of the plurality of solar cells 1 can make the solar device 2 have a higher photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0065] Optionally, the conductive medium is a conductive material capable of electrically connecting the first electrode layer 1101 and the second electrode layer 12. For example, the conductive medium material can be one or more of a metallic conductive material, a conductive oxide, graphene, etc. The metallic conductive material includes Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Pt, etc., and the conductive oxide includes one or more of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium tungsten oxide (IWO), etc. The conductive medium and the material of the first electrode layer 1101 can be the same or different. Further optionally, the conductive medium and the material of the first electrode layer 1101 are the same. In this way, the preparation of the first electrode layer 1101 and the electrical connection between the first electrode layer 1101 and the second electrode layer 12 can be achieved at the same time by one step, thereby simplifying the preparation process.

[0066] It can be understood that the bottom of the second groove 110 is located on the surface of the second electrode layer 12 facing the light-absorbing layer 13. In some embodiments, the surface of the second electrode layer 12 corresponding to the bottom of the second groove 110 can be flush with the surface of the second electrode layer 12 of the solar cell 1 facing the light-absorbing layer 13. In other embodiments, the surface of the second electrode layer 12 corresponding to the bottom of the second groove 110 can be lower than the surface of the second electrode layer 12 of the solar cell 1 facing the light-absorbing layer 13, i.e., the second electrode layer 12 corresponding to the bottom of the second groove 110 has a concave structure. The shape of the concave structure is not limited and can be a regular shape such as a rectangle, a circular arc, a trapezoid, a stepped shape, etc., or an irregular shape. In other embodiments, the concave structure of the second electrode layer 12 corresponding to the bottom of the second groove 110 can be disconnected from the bottom of the light-absorbing layer 13. In this way, the conductive medium fills the disconnected concave structure and connects the two sides of the second electrode layer 12 to electrically connect the first electrode layer 1101 of the solar cell 1 and the second electrode layer 12 of the adjacent solar cell 1.

[0067] As shown in the embodiments of FIGS. 4 and 5, the projection of the third groove 21 on the insulating layer 1102 in the thickness direction of the charge extraction component 11 and the projection of the fourth groove 22 on the insulating layer 1102 in the thickness direction of the charge extraction component 11 completely coincide. In this case, the fourth groove 22 can penetrate the first electrode layer 1101 of the adjacent solar cell, and the fourth groove 22 also separates the first electrode layer 1101 of the adjacent solar cell.

[0068] It can be understood that the thickness direction intersects the first direction, and optionally, the thickness direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0069] It can be understood that FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 respectively represent the sectional views of the solar energy device in the embodiment represented by FIG. 3 in the B-B direction and the C-C direction. Since in the solar cell 1, the insulating layer 1102 is located on part of the surface of the second electrode layer 12, and the first electrode layer 1101 is located on the surface of the insulating layer 1102 away from the second electrode layer 12, the B-B direction and the C-C direction of FIG. 3 have different sectional views, i.e., FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 are different. In addition, it can be understood that the purpose of separating the first electrode layer 1101 is to prevent short circuit between two adjacent solar cells, and in the case where the fourth groove 22 penetrates the first electrode layer 1101 of the adjacent solar cell, the filling material in the first electrode layer 1101 cannot cause short circuit between two adjacent solar cells, and exemplary, the filling material can be an insulating material, a semiconductor material, or no filling material (such as air insulation, etc.).

[0070] As shown in the embodiments of FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, the projection of the fourth groove 22 on the insulating layer 1102 in the thickness direction of the charge extraction component does not completely coincide with the projection of the third groove 21 on the insulating layer 1102 in the thickness direction of the charge extraction component, in other words, the two partially coincide or completely stagger, at this time, the fourth groove 22 does not completely penetrate the first electrode layer 1101 of the adjacent solar cell, and at least part of the groove bottom of the fourth groove 22 is located on the surface of the first electrode layer 1101. It can be understood that FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 respectively represent the sectional views of the solar energy device in another embodiment represented by FIG. 3 in the B-B direction and the C-C direction. Since in the solar cell 1, the insulating layer 1102 is located on part of the surface of the second electrode layer 12, and the first electrode layer 1101 is located on the surface of the insulating layer 1102 away from the second electrode layer 12, the B-B direction and the C-C direction of FIG. 3 have different sectional views, i.e., FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 are different.

[0071] It can be understood that the first groove 19, the second groove 110, the third groove 21, and the fourth groove 22 can be obtained by laser scribing, respectively. It can be further understood that the first groove 19, the second groove 110, the third groove 21, and the fourth groove 22 can also be obtained by other feasible ways, and exemplary, the first groove 19 can be obtained by mask preparation, i.e., the first groove 19 is covered by a mask in advance, after the second electrode layer 12 is formed, the corresponding mask is removed to form the first groove 19.

[0072] In some embodiments, the width of the first groove 19 in the first direction can be 1 μm to 1000 μm, for example, 10 μm to 80 μm or 50 μm to 200 μm.

[0073] In some embodiments, the width of the second groove 110 along the first direction can be 1 μm to 1000 μm, for example, 10 μm to 80 μm or 50 μm to 200 μm.

[0074] In some embodiments, the width of the third groove 21 along the first direction can be 1 μm to 1000 μm, for example, 10 μm to 80 μm or 50 μm to 200 μm.

[0075] In some embodiments, the width of the fourth groove 22 along the first direction can be 1 μm to 1000 μm, for example, 10 μm to 80 μm or 50 μm to 200 μm. Please refer to FIG. 4 and FIG. 6, in some embodiments, the insulating layer 1102 covers at least part of the second electrode layer 12, and the insulating layer 1102 fills the first groove 19. In one embodiment of the preparation of the solar device 2, the first groove 19 can be formed on the second electrode layer 12 by means such as laser scribing, and when the insulating layer 1102 is prepared, the material of the insulating layer 1102 will fill into the first groove 19, so that the area of the second electrode layer 12 covered by the insulating layer 1102 is filled with the insulating layer 1102. The area of the second electrode layer 12 covered by the insulating layer 1102 filled with the insulating layer 1102 can reduce the risk of short circuit between adjacent solar cells 1 and improve the reliability of the solar device 2.

[0076] In some embodiments, the insulating layers 1102 of adjacent solar cells 1 are connected. The connection of the insulating layers 1102 of adjacent solar cells 1 can further reduce the risk of short circuit between adjacent solar cells 1 and reduce the processing difficulty of the solar device 2. For example, in the processing of the solar device 2, laser etching is usually used to form the second groove 110, and laser etching of the insulating layer 1102 can not be needed when the second groove 110 is processed, thereby reducing the processing difficulty of the solar device 2. In addition, the material of the insulating layer 1102 usually includes metal oxide material, and the laser etching of these metal oxides is difficult, so in this embodiment, the laser etching of the insulating layer 1102 can reduce the processing difficulty of the solar device 2. In other embodiments, the insulating layers 1102 of adjacent solar cells 1 can also be separated.

[0077] In some embodiments, the second groove 110 is arranged away from the insulating layer 1102. In this case, the insulating layer 1102 does not need to be processed when the second groove 110 is processed.

[0078] It can be understood that the insulating layer 1102 is located on part of the surface of the second electrode layer 12, and in FIG. 3, there is no insulating layer 102 at the C-C position. Corresponding to FIGS. 5 and 7, at the C-C position, no insulating layer 1102 is arranged above the second electrode layer 12. In FIG. 3, at the C-C position, there is the first electrode layer 1101 staggered with the insulating layer 1102. Corresponding to FIGS. 5 and 7, at the C-C position, the first electrode layer 1101 staggered with the insulating layer 1102 is arranged, and therefore in FIG. 5, the first electrode layer 1101 in the second groove 110 represents the first electrode layer 1101 staggered with the insulating layer 1102. It can also be understood that when the first electrode layer 1101 is made, the first electrode layer 1101 can be patterned by patterning the first electrode layer 1101, so that part of the first electrode layer 1101 is located on the insulating layer 1102, and part of the first electrode layer 1101 is located in the second groove 110.

[0079] In some embodiments, the charge extraction component 11 further comprises a first charge transport layer 15, the first charge transport layer 15 is located between the light-absorbing layer 13 and the first electrode layer 1101, and the first charge transport layer 15 covers the first electrode layer 1101 located on the insulating layer 1102. The arrangement of the first charge transport layer 15 can facilitate the extraction and transport of charges in the light-absorbing layer 13, increase the number of charges transported to the first electrode layer 1101 and the transport rate of the charges transported to the first electrode layer 1101, and be beneficial to further improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 1. Optionally, the first charge transport layer 15 is in contact with the insulating layer 1102.

[0080] It can be understood that the first charge transport layer 15 can include an electron transport layer or a hole transport layer. In the case where the first charge transport layer 15 includes an electron transport layer, the first charge transport layer 15 transports the electrons generated in the light-absorbing layer 13 to the first electrode layer 1101; in the case where the first charge transport layer 15 includes a hole transport layer, the first charge transport layer 15 transports the holes generated in the light-absorbing layer 13 to the first electrode layer 1101.

[0081] In some embodiments, the first electrode layer 1101 located on the insulating layer 1102 is located on part of the surface of the insulating layer 1102, and the projection of the first charge transport layer 15 in the thickness direction of the insulating layer 1102 is flush with two edges of the insulating layer 1102 in the first direction, i.e., the projection of the first charge transport layer 15 in the thickness direction is located within the insulating layer 1102, and the thickness direction intersects the first direction, and optionally, the thickness direction is perpendicular to the first direction. At this time, the first electrode layer 1101 can be more completely wrapped by the first charge transport layer 15 and the insulating layer 1102, which promotes the more complete transmission of the charges transmitted by the first charge transport layer 15 to the first electrode layer 1101, and can reduce the leakage current and corrosion caused by the direct contact between the first electrode layer 1101 and the light-absorbing layer 13, thereby facilitating the reduction of the loss in the charge transport process and further improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 1. In other embodiments, the projection of the first charge transport layer 15 in the thickness direction of the insulating layer 1102 is flush with either of the two edges of the insulating layer 1102 in the first direction, and the other edge is not flush, or neither of the two edges is flush. The edge not flush can include that the projection of the first charge transport layer 15 in the thickness direction of the insulating layer 1102 exceeds the corresponding edge of the insulating layer 1102 in the first direction, or the projection of the first charge transport layer 15 in the thickness direction of the insulating layer 1102 is closer to the corresponding edge of the first electrode layer 1101 in the first direction than the corresponding edge of the insulating layer 1102 in the first direction.

[0082] In other embodiments, the first electrode layer 1101 located on the insulating layer 1102 is located on the entire surface of the insulating layer 1102, i.e., the projection of the first electrode layer 1101 in the thickness direction of the insulating layer 1102 is flush with the two edges of the insulating layer 1102 in the first direction, and at this time, the projection of the first charge transport layer 15 in the thickness direction exceeds the insulating layer 1102, but can separate the direct contact between the first electrode layer 1101 and the light-absorbing layer 13 to reduce the leakage current and corrosion that can be caused by the contact between them.

[0083] In some embodiments, the solar cell 1 further comprises a second charge transport layer 16, which is located between the light absorbing layer 13 and the second electrode layer 12. The provision of the second charge transport layer 16 can facilitate the extraction and transport of charges in the light absorbing layer 13, increase the amount of charges transported to the second electrode layer 12 and the transport rate of the charges transported to the second electrode layer 12, and thus further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 1. Optionally, the second charge transport layer 16 can be an electron transport layer, or can comprise a hole transport layer. In the case where the second charge transport layer 16 comprises an electron transport layer, the second charge transport layer 16 transports the electrons generated in the light absorbing layer 13 to the second electrode layer 12; in the case where the second charge transport layer 16 comprises a hole transport layer, the second charge transport layer 16 transports the holes generated in the light absorbing layer 13 to the second electrode layer 12.

[0084] In some specific embodiments, the second charge transport layer 16 is partially located between the insulating layer 1102 and the second electrode layer 12, and the light absorbing layer 13 covers the surface of the second charge transport layer 16 exposed from the insulating layer 1102. In this way, the second charge transport layer 16 can be integrally prepared, without the need to remove the second charge transport layer 16 under the insulating layer 1102 by using a mask or laser etching, and thus the preparation process is simpler. It can be understood that the second charge transport layer 16 is located on the surface of the second electrode layer 12, and the insulating layer 1102 is located on part of the surface of the second charge transport layer 16.

[0085] It can also be understood that, in the case where the first charge transport layer 15 and the second charge transport layer 16 exist simultaneously, one of them comprises an electron transport layer and the other comprises a hole transport layer, or one of them comprises a hole transport layer and the other comprises an electron transport layer. For example, in some embodiments, the first charge transport layer 15 comprises an electron transport layer, and the second charge transport layer 16 comprises a hole transport layer. In other embodiments, the first charge transport layer 15 comprises a hole transport layer, and the second charge transport layer 16 comprises an electron transport layer.

[0086] In some embodiments, the material of the electron transport layer can include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following materials and derivatives thereof: imide compounds, quinone compounds, fullerenes and derivatives thereof, metal oxides, metal sulfides, metal fluorides, cyano-containing polyphenylacetylene, boron-containing polymers, bathocuproin, red phenanthroline, aluminum hydroxyquinoline, oxadiazole compounds, etc. Among them, the fullerenes and derivatives thereof include one or more of fullerene C60, fullerene C70, PCBM ([6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester), [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM), etc.; the imide compounds include one or more of perylene imide materials, naphthalene imide materials, phthalimide, succinimide, N-bromosuccinimide, glutarimide or maleimide, etc.; the metal elements in the metal oxides can include one or more of Mg, Ni, Cd, Zn, In, Pb, Mo, W, Sb, Bi, Cu, Hg, Ti, Ag, Mn, Fe, V, Sn, Zr, Sr, Ga and Cr, such as one or more of tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium oxide. The metal sulfides are such as indium sulfide or zinc sulfide, and the fluorides are such as one or more of lithium fluoride (LiF), sodium fluoride, magnesium fluoride (MgF2), calcium fluoride (CaF2).

[0087] In some embodiments, the material of the hole transport layer can include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following materials and derivatives thereof: 2,2',7,7'-tetra[N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (abbreviation: Spiro-OMeTAD), polytriazole amine (abbreviation: PTAA), nickel oxide (abbreviation: NiO x ), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (abbreviation: PEDOT:PSS), poly(3-hexylthiophene) (abbreviation: P3HT), WO3, phosphonic monomers and polymers thereof, carbazolyl monomers and polymers thereof, sulfonic monomers and polymers thereof, triphenylamine monomers and polymers thereof, aromatic monomers and polymers thereof, cuprous iodide and cuprous thiocyanate, etc. materials that can transport holes and block electrons.

[0088] In some embodiments, the first groove 19 separates the second charge transport layer 16 of adjacent solar cells 1.

[0089] In some embodiments, the fourth groove 22 at least partially overlaps with the projection of the second groove 110 along the thickness direction of the solar cell 1, and the thickness direction is perpendicular to the first direction. At this time, the dead area of the solar device can be reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar device can be improved.

[0090] In some embodiments, the projection of the second groove 110 along the thickness direction of the solar cell 1 is located within the projection of the fourth groove 22 along the thickness direction of the solar cell 1, and the thickness direction is perpendicular to the first direction. In this case, the dead area of the solar device can be further reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar device can be improved.

[0091] In some embodiments, the projection of the third groove 21 along the thickness direction of the solar cell 1 is located within the projection of the fourth groove 22 along the thickness direction of the solar cell 1, and the thickness direction intersects the first direction, optionally, the thickness direction is perpendicular to the first direction. In this case, the dead area of the solar device can be further reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar device can be improved.

[0092] In some embodiments, the third groove 21 is filled with an insulating material. By filling the insulating material, the first electrode layer 1101 is directly not connected, and the risk of short circuit of the first electrode layer 1101 caused by the filling of the subsequently deposited first charge transport layer 15 and light-absorbing layer 13 can also be reduced.

[0093] In some embodiments, the resistivity of the material of the insulating layer 1102 is ≥ 10 14 Ω·cm. For example, the resistivity of the material of the insulating layer 1102 can be 10 14 Ω·cm, 2×10 14 Ω·cm, 5×10 14 Ω·cm, 8×10 14 Ω·cm, 10 15 Ω·cm, 2×10 15 Ω·cm, 5×10 15 Ω·cm, 8×10 15 Ω·cm, 10 16 Ω·cm, 5×10 16 Ω·cm, 10 17 Ω·cm, or a range between any two of the above values. Optionally, the resistivity of the material of the insulating layer 1102 is 10 14 Ω·cm to 10 16 Ω·cm. Further optionally, the material of the insulating layer 1102 includes one or more of magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, and ceramic material; optionally, the ceramic material includes one or more of aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide. The material of the insulating layer 1102 can also be selected from polymers of polyolefins (e.g., polystyrene or polyethylene) and polyacrylates (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate). The thickness of the insulating layer 1102 can be 20 nm to 1000 nm, for example, 50 nm to 500 nm or 100 nm to 300 nm.

[0094] It can be understood that, in the case that the third groove 21 is filled with an insulating material, the insulating material can be selected from the materials listed above for the insulating layer 1102.

[0095] In some embodiments, the light-absorbing layer 13 is provided with a self-trapping light structure on the surface away from the second electrode layer 12. It can be understood that the self-trapping light structure refers to a surface structure composed of protrusions or depressions at the micron or nanometer scale, which can utilize the phenomena of refraction, reflection, scattering and interference of light to change the propagation path of light on the surface of the solar cell, increase the residence time of light inside the solar cell, effectively reduce the reflection of light, and thus improve the light absorption rate. The self-trapping light structure can reduce the reflectivity of sunlight on the light-incident surface of the solar cell 1, increase the scattering and coupling of light, and be conducive to promoting the improvement of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 1. It can be understood that the self-trapping light structure can include a pyramidal textured structure. The self-trapping light structure can be prepared by laser treatment or chemical treatment.

[0096] In some embodiments, the light-absorbing layer 13 is provided with an anti-reflection layer 17 on the side away from the second electrode layer 12. The anti-reflection layer is also known as an anti-reflection film or an anti-reflection film, and its main function is to reduce or eliminate the reflected light on the surface of the cell, thereby increasing the amount of transmitted light and reducing or eliminating stray light in the system. It can be understood that the provision of the anti-reflection layer 17 can further reduce the reflectivity of sunlight on the light-incident surface of the solar cell 1, increase the transmittance of sunlight on the light-incident surface of the cell, and further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 1. Alternatively, the anti-reflection layer 17 can be formed on the surface of the light-absorbing layer 13 away from the second electrode layer 12 by deposition, and / or an anti-reflection film can be adhered to the surface of the light-absorbing layer 13 away from the second electrode layer 12 to form the anti-reflection layer 17.

[0097] It can be understood that, when the anti-reflection layer 17 is formed, the material of the anti-reflection layer 17 will fill into the fourth groove 22, i.e. the anti-reflection layer 17 also fills in the fourth groove 22. It can be further understood that the anti-reflection layer 17 can also be separated by the fourth groove 22.

[0098] Alternatively, the material of the anti-reflection layer 17 can be one or more of titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, organic silicone resin and polyacrylic resin.

[0099] In some embodiments, the light-absorbing layer 13 includes a perovskite light-absorbing layer, in which case a perovskite solar cell can be formed. The light-absorbing layer 13 can also include a cadmium telluride light-absorbing layer, a copper indium gallium selenide light-absorbing layer, a gallium arsenide light-absorbing layer, an electron donor-electron acceptor active layer, etc., in which case a corresponding cadmium telluride solar cell, copper indium gallium selenide solar cell, gallium arsenide solar cell, organic thin-film solar cell, etc. can be formed.

[0100] Referring to FIG. 8, in some embodiments, each solar cell 1 has multiple charge extraction components 11, and the multiple charge extraction components 11 are spaced apart on the surface of the second electrode layer 12 along a second direction intersecting the first direction. The insulating layers 1102 in the charge extraction components 11 of adjacent solar cells 1 are connected one by one. Through the arrangement of the multiple charge extraction components 11, the area ratio of the first electrode layer 1101 can be increased, the collection of charges can be promoted, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 1 can be further improved. Further, through the arrangement of the multiple charge extraction components 11, the charges on the large-area solar device 2 can be fully collected, which is conducive to promoting the development of the large-area solar device 2. It can be understood that the solar cell 1 also includes an electrode lead 18, and the first electrode layers 1101 of the multiple charge extraction components 11 are connected through the electrode lead 18. Through the arrangement of the electrode lead 18, the collection of charges by the first electrode layer 1101 in the multiple charge extraction components 11 can be further promoted, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 1 can be improved. Further optionally, the material of the electrode lead 18 can be the same as that of the first electrode layer 1101. Optionally, the second direction and the first direction are perpendicular to each other. Referring to FIG. 8, as an example, Y represents the first direction, and X represents the second direction, and the second direction and the first direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0101] It can be understood that the one-to-one corresponding connection of the insulating layers 1102 in the charge extraction components 11 of adjacent solar cells 1 means that the number of insulating layers 1102 of adjacent solar cells 1 is the same, and the insulating layers 1102 of adjacent solar cells 1 are connected in the first direction.

[0102] It can be understood that the first direction, the second direction, and the thickness direction are intersected two by two, and optionally, the first direction, the second direction, and the thickness direction are perpendicular to each other two by two.

[0103] In some embodiments, the solar cell 1 has multiple charge extraction components 11, and the multiple charge extraction components 11 are spaced apart on the surface of the second electrode layer 12 along a second direction. In the solar cell 1 of the present application, the insulating layer 1102 is located on part of the surface of the second electrode layer 12, and the first electrode layer 1101 is located on the surface of the insulating layer 1102 away from the second electrode layer 12. Through the arrangement of the multiple charge extraction components 11, the area ratio of the first electrode layer 1101 can be increased, the collection of charges can be promoted, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 1 can be further improved. It can be understood that with the increase of the area of the cell, the arrangement of the multiple charge extraction components 11 can promote the charge extraction of the large-area light-absorbing layer and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the large-area cell.

[0104] Optionally, the solar cell 1 further comprises an electrode lead 18, the first electrode layer 1101 of the plurality of charge-lead components 11 is connected through the electrode lead 18. The provision of the electrode lead 18 can further facilitate the collection of charges by the first electrode layer 1101 of the plurality of charge-lead components 11, and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 1. Further optionally, the material of the electrode lead 18 can be the same as the material of the first electrode layer 1101.

[0105] As an example of the plurality of charge-lead components 11, please refer to FIG. 8, in which the solar cell 1 comprises 3 charge-lead components 11, and the first electrode layer 1101 of the 3 charge-lead components 11 is connected through the electrode lead 18. It can be understood that the number of the charge-lead components 11 in the solar cell 1 can be properly selected according to actual design requirements. For example, the number of the charge-lead components 11 in the solar cell 1 can be 2, 4, 5, 6, etc.

[0106] It can be understood that the solar cell 1 further comprises a substrate 14, which is located on the surface of the second electrode layer 12 away from the light-absorbing layer 13. Optionally, the substrate 14 can be a PCB ceramic plate, plastic, silicon, silicon oxide, silicon carbide, etc. Further optionally, the substrate 14 can be a rigid insulating substrate 14. Further, since sunlight can not need to pass through the first electrode layer 1101 to be incident on the light-absorbing layer 13, the surface of the light-absorbing layer 13 away from the substrate 14 can be used as the light-incident surface, and in this case, when selecting the substrate 14, there is no special requirement for the light-transmitting property of the substrate 14, i.e. when a substrate 14 with poor light-transmitting property is selected, the solar cell 1 can also obtain a high photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0107] Of course, when the second electrode layer 12 is a transparent electrode layer, both surfaces of the solar cell 1 can be used as the light-incident surface. Further optionally, when the second electrode layer 12 is a transparent electrode layer, the material of the second electrode layer 12 is selected from one or more of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), and indium tungsten oxide (IWO).

[0108] In some embodiments, the material of the second electrode layer 12 comprises at least one of a conductive metal, a conductive non-metal, and a conductive oxide. Optionally, the conductive metal is selected from one or more of Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Ni, Cr, Bi, Pt, Mg, Mo, W, and alloys thereof. The conductive non-metal is selected from C. The conductive oxide is selected from one or more of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), and indium tungsten oxide (IWO).

[0109] In some embodiments, the material of the first electrode layer 1101 comprises at least one of a conductive metal, a conductive non-metal, and a conductive oxide. Optionally, the conductive metal is selected from at least one of Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Ni, Cr, Bi, Pt, Mg, Mo, W, and alloys thereof. The conductive non-metal is selected from C. Further, the first electrode layer 1101 can also be a transparent electrode layer, in which case the material of the first electrode layer 1101 is selected from at least one of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), and indium tungsten oxide (IWO).

[0110] In some embodiments, the solar cell 1 further comprises a metal fluoride layer. The metal fluoride layer is located between the electron transport layer and the first electrode layer 1101. Alternatively, the metal fluoride layer is located between the electron transport layer and the second electrode layer 12. By the provision of the metal fluoride layer, the extraction of electrons can be facilitated, and thus the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite photovoltaic module can be improved.

[0111] It can be understood that other functional layers, such as a modification layer, can also be introduced into the solar cell 1 as needed. Optionally, the solar cell 1 can be provided with a modification layer with a suitable energy level, which can play one or more of the roles of reducing the energy level barrier, facilitating energy level matching, improving charge extraction efficiency, passivating interface defect states, protecting the light-absorbing layer 13, inhibiting the oxidative decomposition of water molecules and oxygen on the cell, improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency, and improving the stability of the cell. Depending on the location of the modification layer, the types of modification layers can include a modification layer between the hole transport layer and the anode, a modification layer between the electron transport layer and the cathode, a modification layer between the hole transport layer and the light-absorbing layer 13, a modification layer between the electron transport layer and the light-absorbing layer 13, and the like. Optionally, the materials that can be used for the modification layer in the perovskite solar cell 1 can include but are not limited to BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), tin oxide, Cu2O, NiO, AZO, TiO2, and the like.

[0112] It is understood that the perovskite light absorbing layer comprises a material of the chemical formula ABX3or A2CDX6. Wherein:

[0113] A is an inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic hybrid cation comprising at least one of an organic amine cation, a Cs cation, a K cation, a Rb cation, an Ag cation and a Li cation; the organic amine cation is selected from (NR1R2R3R4) + , (R1R2N=CR3R4) + , (R1R2N-C(R5)=NR3R4) + or (R1R2N-C(NR5R6)=R3R4) + , wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5and R6are each independently selected from H, substituted or non-substituted C1-20alkyl or substituted or non-substituted aryl; A is optionally at least one of a methylamine cation (abbreviation: CH3NH3 + or MA + ), a formamidinium cation (abbreviation: HC(NH2)2 + or FA + ), a dimethylamine cation, a cesium ion (abbreviation: Cs + ) and a rubidium ion (abbreviation: Rb + ), further optionally one or more of a methylamine cation, a formamidinium cation or a cesium ion.

[0114] B is an inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic hybrid divalent cation comprising at least one of lead, tin, zinc, titanium, antimony, bismuth, nickel, iron, cobalt, silver, copper, gallium, germanium, magnesium, calcium, indium, aluminum, manganese, chromium, molybdenum and europium divalent cations, optionally at least one of the divalent metal ions Pb 2+ and Sn 2+ .

[0115] C is an inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic hybrid cation, optionally a monovalent metal ion Ag + , Cs + , K + and Rb + , etc.

[0116] D is an inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic hybrid cation, optionally a trivalent metal ion bismuth cation Bi 3+ , antimony cation Sb 3+ , iron ion Fe 3+ , copper ion Cu 3+ , indium cation In 3+ , etc.

[0117] X is an inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic hybrid anion, optionally one or more of halogen anions and halogen-like anions, such as fluoride ion (F- ), chloride (Cl - ), bromide (Br - ), iodide (I - ), thiocyanate (SCN - ), formate (HCOO - ), (CH3COO - ), trifluoroacetate (CF3COO - ), methane sulfonate (CH3SO3 - ), trifluoromethane sulfonate (CF3SO3 - ), cyanide (CN - ), further optionally bromide (Br - ) or iodide (I - ).

[0118] In some embodiments, the perovskite material in the perovskite light absorbing layer can be selected from one or more of Cs x1 FA 1-x1 PbX3, Cs x1 MA 1-x1 PbX3, Cs m FA n MA 1-m-n PbX3, CsPbX3, MAPbX3, FAPbX3, Cs x1 FA 1-x1 Pb x2 Sn 1-x2 X3, Cs x1 FA 1-x1 Pb x2 Sn 1-x2 X3, Cs m FA n MA 1-m-n Pb x2 Sn 1-x2 X3, CsPb x2 Sn 1-x2 X3, MAPb x2 Sn 1-x2 X3, and FAPb x2 Sn 1-x2 X3, where 0 < xi < 1, 0 < x2 < 1, 0 < m < 1, 0 < n < 1. As an example, the perovskite material includes CH8I3N2Pb (FAPbI3), Cs 0.05 (FA 0.83 MA 0.17 ) 0.95 Pb(I 0.83 Br 0.17 )3, CsPbBr3, CsPbI3, Cs0.05 FA 0.95 PbI3and MA 0.2 FA 0.8 one or more of PbI3.

[0119] In some embodiments, the band gap of the perovskite light absorbing layer is 1.2 electron volt (eV) to 2.3 eV. As an example, the band gap of the perovskite light absorbing layer 13 is 1.2 eV, 1.3 eV, 1.4 eV, 1.5 eV, 1.6 eV, 1.7 eV, 1.8 eV, 1.9 eV, 2 eV, 2.1 eV, 2.2 eV, 2.3 eV, or a range between any two of the above values. When the band gap of the perovskite light absorbing layer 13 is within the above range, the perovskite light absorbing layer 13 can have a higher visible light absorption efficiency.

[0120] The present application also provides a method for manufacturing the above solar device 2. Taking the solar device 2 comprising both the first charge transport layer 15 and the second charge transport layer 16 as an example, the method for manufacturing the solar device 2 comprises the following steps:

[0121] The second charge transport layer 16 is prepared on the second electrode layer 12.

[0122] The first recess 19 is prepared, which penetrates the second charge transport layer 16 and the second electrode layer 12 from the thickness direction of the second electrode layer 12, so as to separate the second charge transport layer 16 and the second electrode layer 12 of adjacent solar cells 1.

[0123] The insulating layer 1102 is prepared on part of the surface of the second electrode layer 12.

[0124] The second recess 110 is prepared on the area of the second electrode layer 12 exposed from the insulating layer 1102, and the second recess 110 penetrates the second charge transport layer 16.

[0125] The first electrode layer 1101 is prepared, part of the first electrode layer 1101 is located on the surface of the insulating layer 1102 away from the second electrode layer 12, and part of the first electrode layer 1101 fills the second recess 110 to be connected with the second electrode layer 12. At this time, the structure of the product is shown in FIG. 7. It can be understood that part of the substrate 14 is exposed from the first recess 19 after the first recess 19 is prepared. The first electrode layer 1101 staggered with the insulating layer 1102 fills the second recess 110, and the second recess 110 is in contact with the second electrode layer 12.

[0126] The first charge transport layer 15 is prepared on the first electrode layer 1101 on the insulating layer 1102, and the first charge transport layer 15 covers the first electrode layer 1101.

[0127] The perovskite layer is prepared to cover the surface of the first charge transport layer 15, the first electrode layer 1101 exposed from the first charge transport layer 15, and the light-absorbing layer 13.

[0128] The third groove 21 and the fourth groove 22 are prepared, the third groove 21 penetrating through the first charge transport layer 15 and the first electrode layer 1101, and the fourth groove 22 penetrating through the light-absorbing layer 13, so that a plurality of adjacent solar cells 1 can be formed on the solar device 2 through the third groove 21 and the fourth groove 22.

[0129] The present application also provides a solar cell module 3, as shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, which comprises a first solar device 2-1 and a second solar device 2-2 arranged on opposite sides of the substrate 14 along the thickness direction respectively, and the first solar device 2-1 and the second solar device 2-2 are connected in series; wherein the structure of the first solar device 2-1 and the second solar device 2-2 is the same as the above-mentioned solar device 2.

[0130] Since the first solar device 2-1 and the second solar device 2-2 are arranged on opposite sides of the substrate 14 along the thickness direction, the solar cell module 3 can absorb light energy from the front and back sides at the same time, and can make full use of reflected light and diffuse reflected light in addition to incident light, thereby improving light utilization and reducing reflection loss, and more efficiently converting light energy into electrical energy, thereby improving power generation efficiency. In addition, since the light-absorbing layer 13 of the first solar device 2-1 and the second solar device 2-2 is located on the light-incident side, and the first electrode layer 1101 and the second electrode layer 13 are located on the back side of the light-absorbing layer 13, no matter which side of the solar cell module 3 the light is incident on, it can be directly absorbed by the light-absorbing layer 13, thereby effectively reducing optical parasitic loss, improving the efficiency limit of the solar cell module 3, and further improving the output current and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell module 3.

[0131] Please refer to FIG. 11 and 12, the first electrode layer 1101 of the first solar energy device 2-1 and the first electrode layer 1101 of the second solar energy device 2-2 correspondingly transmit the same carrier, the first solar energy device 2-1 and the second solar energy device 2-2 form series connection, which can improve the output voltage of the solar cell module 3. Specifically, the first electrode layer 1101 of the first solar energy device 2-1 located at one side of the substrate 14 along the thickness direction thereof extends along the first direction, and is bent at the edge of the substrate 14, bent to the other side of the substrate 14 along the thickness direction thereof, and is electrically connected with the second electrode layer 12 of the second solar energy device 2-2 located at the other side of the substrate 14 along the thickness direction thereof, and the second electrode layer 12 of the first solar energy device 2-1 at the other end thereof along the first direction and the first electrode layer 1101 of the second solar energy device 2-2 at the other end thereof along the first direction are respectively provided with the first bus bar 4 for leading out, one of which is the positive electrode and the other is the negative electrode, so that the positive and negative electrodes of the solar cell module 3 can be respectively led out. Alternatively, the second electrode layer 12 of the first solar energy device 2-1 located at one side of the substrate 14 along the thickness direction thereof extends along the first direction, and is bent at the edge of the substrate 14, bent to the other side of the substrate 14 along the thickness direction thereof, and is electrically connected with the first electrode layer 1101 of the second solar energy device 2-2 located at the other side of the substrate 14 along the thickness direction thereof, and the first electrode layer 1101 of the first solar energy device 2-1 at the other end thereof along the second direction and the second electrode layer 12 of the second solar energy device 2-2 at the other end thereof along the second direction are respectively provided with the first bus bar 4 for leading out, one of which is the positive electrode and the other is the negative electrode, so that the positive and negative electrodes of the solar cell module 3 can be respectively led out. It can be further understood that the bending at the edge of the substrate 14 can also be realized by the first bus bar 4 to connect the corresponding electrode layers.

[0132] Please refer to FIG. 13 and 14, the first electrode layer 1101 of the first solar energy device 2-1 located at one side of the substrate 14 along the thickness direction thereof extends along one side of the first direction, the second electrode layer 12 of the first solar energy device 2-1 extends along the other side of the first direction, the first electrode layer 1101 of the second solar energy device 2-2 located at the other side of the substrate 14 along the thickness direction thereof extends along the same side as the extending direction of the first electrode layer 1101 of the first solar energy device 2-1, the second electrode layer 12 of the second solar energy device 2-2 extends along the same side as the extending direction of the second electrode layer 12 of the first solar energy device 2-1, and the first electrode layer 1101 of the first solar energy device 2-1 and the second solar energy device 2-2 respectively has a first bus bar 4 arranged at the extending position thereof, and the second electrode layer 12 of the first solar energy device 2-1 and the second solar energy device 2-2 respectively has a second bus bar 5 arranged at the extending position thereof, so that the first solar energy device 2-1 and the second solar energy device 2-2 can be respectively led out. It can be understood that in the case that the carriers transmitted out of the first electrode layer 1101 of the first solar energy device 2-1 and the corresponding first electrode layer 1101 of the second solar energy device 2-2 are different, the first bus bar 4 and the second bus bar 5 can be respectively connected, so that the first solar energy device 2-1 and the second solar energy device 2-2 can be connected in parallel, and the output current of the solar cell module 3 can be improved. In other embodiments, the first bus bar 4 and the second bus bar 5 can be respectively led out, so that the first solar energy device 2-1 and the second solar energy device 2-2 can be independently connected, and the voltage or current of the solar cell module 3 can be flexibly adjusted.

[0133] In some embodiments, the band gap of the light-absorbing layer 13 of the first solar energy device 2-1 is different from the band gap of the light-absorbing layer 13 of the second solar energy device 2-2.

[0134] The band gap is also called the energy gap or the forbidden band width, which is the difference between the lowest point of the conduction band and the highest point of the valence band. The band gap of the light-absorbing layer 13 can affect the energy range of the light-absorbing layer 13 for absorbing photons. For example, the band gap measurement method can include: first, obtaining an ultraviolet absorption curve by ultraviolet absorption spectrum test; and then calculating the band gap of the light-absorbing layer 40 by Tauc equation.

[0135] In the embodiment in which the first solar energy device 2-1 and the second solar energy device 2-2 are connected in series, since the first solar energy device 2-1 and the second solar energy device 2-2 of the solar cell module 3 are connected in series with each other, the currents of the two solar energy devices will affect each other, and the output current of the entire solar cell module 3 will be affected if the current of a solar energy device is too large, too small or even has no current, so the currents of the first solar energy device 2-1 and the second solar energy device 2-2 need to be matched with each other.

[0136] Therefore, the bandgaps of the light-absorbing layers 13 of the first solar device 2-1 and the second solar device 2-2 in the solar cell assembly 3 in the embodiments of the present application are different, the bandgaps of the two can be regulated according to the intensity and amount of light incidence, so that the first solar device 2-1 and the second solar device 2-2 connected in series can form current matching, which is conducive to improving the stability and reliability of the solar cell assembly 3.

[0137] In some embodiments, the first solar device 2-1 is towards the strong light side, and the second solar device 2-2 is towards the weak light side. The bandgap of the light-absorbing layer 13 of the first solar device 2-1 is greater than that of the light-absorbing layer of the second solar device 2-2.

[0138] When the bandgap of the light-absorbing layer 13 is small, it means that the light-absorbing layer 13 can absorb lower-energy photons, and the energy of light is inversely proportional to the wavelength, so the smaller the bandgap of the light-absorbing layer 13, the greater the wavelength range of light that the light-absorbing layer 13 can absorb. Conversely, when the bandgap of the light-absorbing layer 13 is large, it means that the light-absorbing layer 13 can only absorb higher-energy photons, i.e., only absorb light with shorter wavelength, so the greater the bandgap of the light-absorbing layer 13, the smaller the wavelength range of light that the light-absorbing layer 13 can absorb.

[0139] The strong light side generally refers to the side on which light directly irradiates an object, at which time the light is dense and high in intensity. The weak light side refers to the side on which light is weak or indirectly irradiates an object, which is usually because the light is blocked or reflected, resulting in dispersion and low intensity of the light. Generally, the first solar device 2-1 located on the strong light side receives more photons than the second solar device 2-2 located on the weak light side. If the first solar device 2-1 absorbs all the photons on the strong light side, the second solar device 2-2 can only absorb very few photons or even cannot absorb photons, which will make the current generated by the second solar device 2-2 very small or even unable to generate current. Since the first solar device 2-1 and the second solar device 2-2 are connected in series, the small current of the second solar device 2-2 can cause the solar cell assembly 3 to be disconnected, affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 100.

[0140] Therefore, in the embodiments of the present application, the optical complementary principle of the stacked device is utilized, so that the band gap of the light absorbing layer 13 of the first solar energy device 2-1 facing the strong light side is greater than the band gap of the light absorbing layer 13 of the second solar energy device 2-2 facing the weak light side, so that the first solar energy device 2-1 only absorbs light in a smaller wavelength range, and the second solar energy device 2-2 absorbs light in a larger wavelength range, so that the second solar energy device 2-2 can at least absorb light in a wavelength range that cannot be absorbed by the first solar energy device 2-1, reducing the possibility of the occurrence of the adverse situation that the second solar energy device 2-2 cannot generate current due to the failure to absorb light, maintaining the current balance of the solar cell assembly 3 of the two-terminal structure, so that the stability of the solar cell assembly 3 is better, and the reliability is higher. Moreover, the absorption and utilization of the spectrum by the solar cell assembly 3 can be improved, and the efficiency of the solar cell assembly 3 is further improved.

[0141] Of course, those skilled in the art should understand that in some other embodiments, the second solar energy device 2-2 can also face the strong light side, and the first solar energy device 2-1 can face the weak light side, as long as the band gap of the light absorbing layer 13 of the sub-cell facing the strong light side is greater than the band gap of the light absorbing layer 13 of the sub-cell facing the weak light side.

[0142] In some embodiments, the band gap of the light absorbing layer 13 of the first solar energy device 2-1 is between 1.7 eV (electron volts) and 1.8 eV. The band gap of the light absorbing layer 13 of the second solar energy device 2-2 is between 1.2 eV and 1.3 eV.

[0143] Thus, a reasonable band gap selection range is provided for the first solar energy device 2-1 and the second solar energy device 2-2 respectively, so that the band gap of the light absorbing layer 13 can be selected according to the actual wavelength range of the incident light, so that the first solar energy device 2-1 and the second solar energy device 2-2 facing the strong light side and the weak light side respectively can achieve current matching. Moreover, the absorption and utilization of the spectrum is improved, and the efficiency of the solar cell assembly 3 is further improved.

[0144] For example, the band gap of the light absorbing layer 13 of the first solar energy device 2-1 facing the strong light side can be, for example, 1.70 eV, 1.71 eV, 1.72 eV, 1.73 eV, 1.74 eV, 1.75 eV, 1.76 eV, 1.77 eV, 1.78 eV, 1.79 eV, 1.80 eV, etc. The band gap of the light absorbing layer 13 of the second solar energy device 2-2 facing the weak light side can be, for example, 1.20 eV, 1.21 eV, 1.22 eV, 1.23 eV, 1.24 eV, 1.25 eV, 1.26 eV, 1.27 eV, 1.28 eV, 1.29 eV, 1.30 eV, etc.

[0145] In the embodiments of the present application, the material of the light-absorbing layer 13 of the first solar device 2-1 includes, but is not limited to, a wide-bandgap perovskite light-absorbing layer. Exemplarily, the material includes APbI y Br 3-y The material is shown in the formula, wherein the definition of A is as described above, 1≤y<3. The material of the light-absorbing layer 13 of the second solar device 2-2 includes, but is not limited to, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, a cadmium telluride light-absorbing layer, a gallium arsenide light-absorbing layer, and a copper indium gallium selenide light-absorbing layer. Exemplarily, the perovskite material in the perovskite light-absorbing layer can be selected from Cs x1 FA 1-x1 Pb x2 Sn 1-x2 X3, Cs x1 FA 1-x1 Pb x2 Sn 1-x2 X3, Cs m FA n MA 1-m-n Pb x2 Sn 1-x2 X3, CsPb x2 Sn 1-x2 X3, MAPb x2 Sn 1-x2 X3and FAPb x2 Sn 1-x2 X3one or more of, wherein 0 0.5 Sn 0.5 I3, Cs 0.05 FA 0.95 Pb 0.5 Sn 0.5 I3, Cs 0.2 FA 0.8 Pb 0.5 Sn 0.5 I3Cs 0.25 FA 0.75 Pb 0.5 Sn 0.5 I3one or more of.

[0146] The present application also provides a power utilization device. The power utilization device includes one or more of the above-mentioned solar cell 1 and the above-mentioned solar device 2.

[0147] The present application also provides a power generation device. The power generation device includes one or more of the above-mentioned solar cell 1 and the above-mentioned solar device 2.

[0148] The present application also provides a photovoltaic system. The photovoltaic system includes one or more of the above-mentioned solar cell 1 and the above-mentioned solar device 2.

[0149] Each technical feature of the above-described embodiments can be combined with any other technical feature, and for the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations are described, but it is understood that the scope of the present disclosure encompasses all such possible combinations.

[0150] The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of several embodiments of the present application, and the description is relatively specific and detailed, but should not be understood as limiting the scope of the patent. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, which are all within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the scope of the patent of the present application should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A solar device comprising a plurality of solar cells, each of the solar cells comprising: a charge extraction component comprising a first electrode layer and an insulating layer stacked together; a second electrode layer on a side of the insulating layer distal to the first electrode layer, the insulating layer covering a portion of a surface of the second electrode layer, the second electrode layer not covered by the insulating layer being electrically connected to the first electrode layer; and a light absorbing layer covering the charge extraction component and covering the surface of the second electrode layer not covered by the insulating layer; wherein: the plurality of solar cells are sequentially arranged along a first direction, a first groove is provided between adjacent solar cells to separate the second electrode layers of the adjacent solar cells; a second groove is provided between the adjacent solar cells, a bottom of the second groove is on a surface of the second electrode layer facing the light absorbing layer, and at least a portion of the first electrode layer of a solar cell and the second electrode layer of an adjacent solar cell are in electrical connection through a conductive medium filled in the second groove; a third groove is provided between the adjacent solar cells to separate the first electrode layers of the adjacent solar cells; a fourth groove is provided between the adjacent solar cells to separate the light absorbing layers of the adjacent solar cells, and the first groove, the second groove, the third groove and the fourth groove divide and connect the plurality of solar cells along the first direction; the insulating layer covers at least a portion of the second electrode layer; the insulating layers of the adjacent solar cells are connected; the second groove is staggered with the insulating layer; the charge extraction component further comprises a first charge transport layer between the light absorbing layer and the first electrode layer, the first charge transport layer covering the first electrode layer on the insulating layer; optionally, the first charge transport layer is between the light absorbing layer and the first electrode layer, the first charge transport layer covers the first electrode layer on the insulating layer, and a projection of the first charge transport layer in a thickness direction is located in the insulating layer, the thickness direction intersecting the first direction; the first charge transport layer is in contact with the insulating layer; the solar cell further comprises a second charge transport layer between the light absorbing layer and the second electrode layer; optionally, the second charge transport layer is between the insulating layer and the second electrode layer, and the light absorbing layer covers a surface of the second charge transport layer exposed from the insulating layer; the first groove separates the second charge transport layers of the adjacent solar cells; and the solar device satisfies one or more of the following conditions: (1) a projection of the fourth groove in a thickness direction of the solar cell at least partially overlaps with a projection of the second groove in the thickness direction, the thickness direction intersecting the first direction. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2. The solar energy device of claim 1, wherein, ​ 3. The solar energy device of claim 1 or 2, wherein, ​ 4. The solar device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, ​ 5. The solar energy device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, ​ ​ 6. The solar device of claim 5, wherein, ​ 7. The solar device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, ​ ​ 8. The solar device of claim 7, wherein, ​ 9. The solar device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, ​ ​ (2) the second groove is located in the projection of the fourth groove along the thickness direction of the solar cell, the thickness direction intersects the first direction; (3) the third groove is located in the projection of the fourth groove along the thickness direction of the solar cell, the thickness direction intersects the first direction; (4) the third groove is filled with an insulating material; (5) the resistivity of the material of the insulating layer is ≥ 10 14 Ω-cm.

10. The solar device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein, The material of the insulating layer satisfies one or both of the following conditions: (1) the resistivity of the material of the insulating layer is 10 14 Ω-cm to 10 16 Ω-cm; (2) the material of the insulating layer includes one or more of magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, ceramic material, polyolefin, and polyacrylate.

11. The solar device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein, The surface of the light-absorbing layer away from the second electrode layer is a self-trapping light structure.

12. The solar device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein, The light-absorbing layer is provided with an anti-reflection layer on the side away from the second electrode layer.

13. The solar device of claim 12, wherein, The anti-reflection layer also fills the fourth groove.

14. The solar device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein, The light-absorbing layer includes one or more of a perovskite light-absorbing layer, a cadmium telluride light-absorbing layer, a copper indium gallium selenide light-absorbing layer, a gallium arsenide light-absorbing layer, and an electron donor-electron acceptor active layer.

15. The solar device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein, In each of the solar cells, the charge extraction component has a plurality of charge extraction components, and the plurality of charge extraction components are spaced apart on the surface of the second electrode layer along a second direction, the second direction intersects the first direction, and the insulating layers in the charge extraction components of adjacent solar cells are connected one by one.

16. The solar device of claim 15, wherein, The solar cell further comprises an electrode lead wire, and the first electrode layers of the plurality of charge extraction components are connected through the electrode lead wire.

17. A solar cell module comprising a first solar device and a second solar device respectively provided on opposite sides of a substrate in a thickness direction, the first solar device and the second solar device being connected in series; wherein, The first solar energy device and the second solar energy device are the solar energy devices of any one of claims 1-16.

18. The solar cell module according to claim 17, wherein, The first electrode layer of the first solar energy device and the corresponding first electrode layer of the second solar energy device output the same carriers, wherein the first electrode layer of the first solar energy device located on one side of the substrate along the thickness direction thereof extends along a first direction and is bent to the other side of the substrate along the thickness direction thereof, and is electrically connected with the second electrode layer of the second solar energy device located on the other side of the substrate along the thickness direction thereof, and the second electrode layer of the first solar energy device at the other end thereof along the first direction and the first electrode layer of the second solar energy device at the other end thereof along the first direction are respectively provided with a first bus bar lead-out.

19. The solar cell module according to claim 17, wherein, The first electrode layer of the first solar energy device and the first electrode layer of the second solar energy device respectively extend along one side of the first direction, the second electrode layer of the first solar energy device and the second electrode layer of the second solar energy device respectively extend along the other side of the first direction, and the first electrode layers of the first solar energy device and the second solar energy device at the extension positions thereof are respectively provided with a first bus bar, and the second electrode layers of the first solar energy device and the second solar energy device at the extension positions thereof are respectively provided with a second bus bar. Optionally, the two first bus bars are electrically connected and led out, and / or the two second bus bars are electrically connected and led out.

20. An electric device comprising the solar device of any one of claims 1 to 16 or the solar cell module of any one of claims 17 to 19.

21. A power generation device comprising the solar device of any one of claims 1 to 16 or the solar cell module of any one of claims 17 to 19.

22. A photovoltaic system comprising the solar device of any one of claims 1 to 16 or the solar cell module of any one of claims 17 to 19.

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