Freestanding transportable unit electrical system

Abstract

The present invention relates to a free-standing, transportable renewable energy generation unit. The unit comprises an enclosure housing an electrical system and a solar panel mounted to the enclosure by a support structure. The support structure comprises an angular adjustment mechanism for the solar panel, wherein the unit comprises a controller for the angular adjustment mechanism arranged to automatically adjust the angular orientation of the solar panel, e.g. relative to the unit.

Description

[0001] Freestanding Transportable Unit Electrical System

[0002] The present invention relates to a freestanding and / or transportable electrical power generation unit, particularly to a unit that derives power from solar panels.

[0003] Background

[0004] The present invention relates to renewable energy generation units for use in remote locations or worksites where mains power is unavailable. They may be used of other ‘off- grid’ reasons even where mains electricity is available.

[0005] Units of this type may be provided as dedicated power generation units or else in the form of freestanding cabins, such as welfare cabins, where the cabin is arranged to provide other on-site facilities or amenities for occupants on-site.

[0006] Conventionally, units are equipped with an integral generator set, i.e. a diesel engine generator, to supply off-grid power to the sockets, any on-board equipment and any electrical appliances connected to the unit. However, there has been a move over recent years in the industry to move towards renewable power generation. The applicant’s published patent application EP 4 339 396 A1 discloses a cabin with a renewable energy generator, such as one or more solar panel, and a control system for efficient power management.

[0007] However, it remains a problem that on-board power consumption can outstrip the power generated by a small solar panel array that can feasibly be mounted on a unit f this type.

[0008] Published patent application GB2577142 discloses a solar panel system, in which solar panels can slide out on rails to increase the available surface area for solar generation. However, whilst a larger surface area of solar panels is generally desirable, the applicant has found a number of problems with such systems.

[0009] The large area of solar panels is unwieldy and therefore needs to be deployed on a fixed support structure. Therefore the orientation of the solar panels relative to the sun is typically not optimal, meaning that the available surface area of the panels is not used effectively. Furthermore, it has been found that units of this type often need to be deployed in ad-hoc conditions on work sites, meaning that the unit is not installed in an optimal position / orientation. As such, the benefits of the larger surface area of the panels may be easily lost due to the ineffective location of the fixed-rail system.

[0010] A large surface area of the panels causes greater wind loading on the unit. This can become a hazard during windy conditions which can cause damage to the panels, or can even risk toppling of a unit. Since the unit is intended to be portable, it is generally undesirable to add further weight to the unit to counteract any wind loading. This means that it is generally desirable to deploy the panels at a low level, e.g. near the ground. However this may be impractical on some sites and may limit the available surface area of panels or the height at which they can be safely deployed.

[0011] It is an aim of the invention to provide a freestanding renewable energy generation unit that mitigates one or more of the above-mentioned problems.

[0012] Statements of invention

[0013] According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a free-standing, transportable renewable energy generation unit comprising an enclosure housing an electrical system and a solar panel mounted to the enclosure by a support structure, the support structure comprising an angular adjustment mechanism for the solar panel, wherein the unit comprises a controller for the angular adjustment mechanism arranged to automatically adjust the angular orientation of the solar panel, e.g. relative to the unit.

[0014] The invention allows the unit to be installed in varying locations and varying orientations in an ad-hoc manner whilst ensuring that the solar panels can be correctly deployed and / or adjusted without needing human intervention. This can avoid the need for an installer to correctly align the unit or manually adjust the solar panels to an initial configuration ready for first use at that location.

[0015] The unit may comprise an orientation sensor for determining a bearing of the unit. The unit may comprise an orientation sensor for the angular adjustment mechanism or solar panel. The controller may automatically adjust the angle / orientation of the solar panel relative to the unit based on the orientation sensor output.

[0016] The angular adjustment mechanism may comprise a solar tracking mechanism. The controller may operate the angular adjustment mechanism to track the sun, e.g. during the course of a day or longer.

[0017] The angular adjustment mechanism typically comprises an actuator, e.g. an electric actuator, for actuating / driving the mechanism. The angular adjustment mechanism may be powered.

[0018] The angular adjustment mechanism may permit angular adjustment of the solar panel about a plurality of axes. The axes maybe offset by at least 45“, 60“ or 75“. The axes may be perpendicular.

[0019] The angular adjustment mechanism may comprise a swivel and / or tilt mechanism.

[0020] The unit may comprise an elevation mechanism for the solar panel. The elevation mechanism may be comprised with the angular adjustment mechanism, e.g. a common elevation and tilt mechanism.

[0021] The solar panel may comprise a solar panel array. A plurality of solar panels of the array may be mounted to a common support structure and / or angular adjustment mechanism.

[0022] The support structure may comprise a deployment mechanism for the solar panel. The solar panel may be actuatable from a retracted or at-rest condition relative to the enclosure and a deployed condition. The at-rest condition may comprise a laid-flat condition or condition in which the solar panel is substantially parallel with a wall / roof of the enclosure, or substantially horizontal. In the deployed condition, the solar panel may be obliquely angled away from the at-rest condition, e.g. away from horizontal and / or away from the wall / roof of the enclosure.

[0023] The deployment mechanism and angular adjustment mechanism may comprise a common or co-operating mechanism. Any feature define herein for the angular adjustment mechanism may also apply to the deployment mechanism, and vice-versa.

[0024] The support structure, angular adjustment mechanism and / or deployment mechanism may comprise a slew ring. An actuator may drive rotation of the slew ring. A gear / pinion of the actuator may drive rotation of a pinion or other corresponding formation of the slew ring. The slew ring may be mounted against a roof of the enclosure. The angular adjustment mechanism and / or deployment mechanism may further comprise a stability system.

[0025] The stability system enhances the structural integrity and operational reliability of the angular adjustment mechanism and / or deployment mechanism by improving load distribution, mitigating vibrations, and extending the lifespan of the mechanical components of the angular adjustment mechanism and / or deployment mechanism.

[0026] The slew ring may be mounted against a roof of the enclosure.

[0027] The stability system may be mounted on a roof of the enclosure housing.

[0028] The stability system may comprise a stability ring. The stability ring may comprise a larger diameter than that of the slew ring. The stability ring and slew ring may be in a concentric arrangement. The stability ring acts as a dynamic counterbalance mechanism. The stability ring redistributes forces acting on the slew ring, preventing excessive torque loads and enhancing the structural stability of the solar array during rotational adjustments.

[0029] The stability system may further comprise a dampening mechanism. Incorporation of dampening mechanisms within the stability ring reduces mechanical stress by absorbing and dissipating vibrations. This minimises fatigue-related failures, improving overall durability.

[0030] The dampening mechanism comprises at least one elastomeric or hydraulic damper element. The dampening mechanism may further comprises a plurality of wheels. There may be a damper element for each wheel. The plurality of wheels may be spaced around an outer side of the stability ring.

[0031] The combination of strategically placed wheels and integrated dampening elements counteract VIV effects. By actively reducing oscillations caused by wind forces, this feature enhances the longevity and operational reliability of the solar tracking system.

[0032] The stability ring may be modular. The stability ring employs a two-part modular construction with defined tolerances to accommodate manufacturing variability. The support structure, angular adjustment mechanism and / or deployment mechanism may comprise one or more linear actuator, e.g. a linear electric actuator. The linear actuator may be pivotably connected to the solar panel or support structure to drive angular adjustment thereof. A plurality of linear actuators may be used. An offset between each linear actuator may cause angular adjustment of the solar panel.

[0033] The support structure, angular adjustment mechanism and / or deployment mechanism may comprise a scissor mechanism. The scissor mechanism may adjust both height and angle of the solar panel. An actuator may act on a rung of the scissor mechanism.

[0034] The angular adjustment mechanism may be mounted on the roof of the enclosure and / or on the slew ring.

[0035] The controller may be arranged to adjust the angular orientation about a vertical axis, e.g. a swivel angle, based at least in part on the orientation sensor output. The controller may be arranged to adjust the angular orientation about a horizontal or inclined angle, e.g. a tilt angle, based at least in part on the orientation sensor output.

[0036] The unit may comprise a first orientation sensor or unit orientation sensor. The unit may comprise a second orientation sensor or solar panel orientation sensor. The solar panel orientation sensor may be comprised within the angular adjustment mechanism.

[0037] The controller may compare the orientation of the unit to the orientation of the solar panel. The controller may adjust the solar panel orientation based on a difference between the first (unit) and second (solar panel) orientation sensor outputs.

[0038] The unit may comprise one or more further sensor for affecting angular adjustment by the controller.

[0039] The controller may adjust angular orientation based on the orientation sensor and the one or more further sensor.

[0040] The unit may comprise a location, e.g. GPS, sensor. The location sensor may output latitude and / or longitude location data for the unit. The unit may comprise a light sensor, e.g. a light intensity and / or light direction sensor, or solar power generation sensor, power generation sensor. The light sensor may sense the orientation of incident light rays. The controller may adjust the angle of the solar panel responsive thereto.

[0041] The unit may comprise a clock. The controller may access time and / or date data.

[0042] The controller may determine start and / or end orientations of a cyclic angular adjustment scheme for the solar panel. The cyclic angular adjustment scheme may be a daily scheme. The controller may automatically determine a start orientation and / or start time of a cyclic angular adjustment scheme. The controller may automatically determine an end orientation and / or end time of a cyclic angular adjustment scheme. The controller may automatically program the start and end of the angular adjustment scheme.

[0043] The controller may automatically determine an initial deployment orientation for the solar panel, e.g. without human intervention, and may automatically deploy the solar panel at the determined initial deployment orientation from the at rest condition.

[0044] The orientation or location sensor, e.g. and one or more further sensor, may be used by the controller to determine a reference point, e.g. a reference frame or datum, for use during deployment and / or adjustment of the orientation of the solar panel.

[0045] The angular adjustment mechanism may offer a first range of angular movement, e.g. 360“. The controller may limit the available range of angular adjustment to a second range of angular movement, i.e. smaller than the first range, based on the orientation sensor and / or one or more further sensor.

[0046] The unit may comprise a wind speed sensor or a solar panel loading sensor, e.g. sensing an applied load to the solar panel or adjustment mechanism.

[0047] The controller may automatically adjust the angular orientation of the solar panel in response to one or more adverse environmental condition, e.g. excessive loading or wind speed. The controller may automatically lower the solar panel towards, or to, the at-rest condition in response to sensing of one or more adverse environmental condition. The unit may comprise a movement sensor, wherein the controller selectively operates the angular adjustment mechanism in response to an output of the movement sensor.

[0048] The controller may operate the angular adjustment mechanism in response to an output of the movement sensor indicative of an external force acting on the solar panel array. The controller may receive and / or respond to the output of the movement sensor when the angular adjustment mechanism is inactive or active.

[0049] The controller may process the output of the movement sensor to determine one or more characteristic / parameter of the external force. The controller may compare said characteristic / parameter to a threshold value or profile. The controller may operate the angular adjustment mechanism in the event that the threshold value or profile is met / exceeded.

[0050] The controller operating the angular adjustment mechanism in response to movement sensor data may allow the controller to respond in adverse conditions, e.g. where health and safety issues could arise and / or where damage to the unit and / or solar array is likely. The movement sensor may detect when the unit / solar array moves due to, e.g., windloading forces, thus allowing the controller to adjust the solar array in response to potentially damaging winds.

[0051] Optionally, the movement sensor comprises an accelerometer.

[0052] The movement may detect unintentional movement and / or externally-induced movement of the solar panel array. The movement sensor may detect movement of the array relative to the angular adjustment mechanism (i.e. movement that is not due to the angular adjustment mechanism or is contrary to movement induced by the angular adjustment mechanism). The movement sensor may detect an overall / absolute movement / displacement of the unit and / or may detect a movement of the solar array relative to the unit or a support structure for the solar panel array.

[0053] The movement sensor may sense any one or any combination of a direction of movement, a magnitude of movement, oscillating movement (e.g. frequency of movement), and / or vibrational patterns. The movement sensor may indicate to the controller one or more form of movement detected. The controller may therefore operate appropriately in response to different forms of movement. The solar array may be actuatable between a rest (i.e. at rest) position and one or more deployed position, typically a plurality of deployed conditions. The solar array may lay flat, e.g. horizontal, on the unit in the rest position. The solar array may lay flat against a roof / ceiling of the unit in the rest position. One or more solar panel of the array may be selectively extensible relative to one or more further solar panel. The one or more extensible panel may be retracted in the rest position. The one or more extensible panel may be extended in the deployed position. The solar panel array may be angularly inclined or offset from the rest position when in a deployed position.

[0054] The controller may selectively actuate the solar panel array in use to an optimal deployed condition, e.g. with the solar panel array oriented to face the sun and / or with any extensible panels fully extended.

[0055] The controller may respond to the movement sensor output by initiating a returning the solar array to the rest position. This may comprise actuating the solar panel array to a laid-flat condition. The return to the at rest condition may comprise retraction of any deployed or extended sections of the solar array.

[0056] The controller may respond to the movement sensor output by initiating a partial return to the rest position or actuation of the solar panel array away from an optimal deployed condition. This may comprise setting the array to a rest position without retraction of any extended sections of the solar array. Additionally or alternatively, this may comprise retracting one or more extended sections of the solar array. Additionally or alternatively, this may comprise adjusting the orientation of the solar array away from the optimal deployed condition, e.g. angularly adjusting the solar panel array in either or both of a swivel or tilt direction away form the optimal deployed condition. The solar array may retain a non-optimal deployed condition in response to the movement sensor output.

[0057] The controller may respond to sensor data by adjusting an angle of the solar array / sections of the array. Reorienting of the solar array may achieve a more aerodynamic profile of the unit, e.g. relative to the direction of the wind, which may better protect against possible damage. A more aerodynamic profile may allow some operations of the unit to at least partially continue, e.g. partial sun-tracking may still be achievable if an aerodynamic profile can be maintained. The controller may selectively operate the angular adjustment mechanism and / or deployment mechanism (e.g. away from a deployed position or optimal deployed position) in response to an output of both the movement sensor and the one or more additional sensor.

[0058] The one or more additional sensor may comprise a wind speed and / or orientation sensor. The one or more additional sensor may comprise an anemometer. The controller may operate in response to the anemometer.

[0059] The one or more additional sensor may comprise a proximity sensor. The one or more proximity sensor may detect when the solar array is close to an obstacle or structure, e.g. within a predetermined threshold. The controller may operate in response to the one or more proximity sensor in order to prevent a collision, e.g. between the solar panel array and the obstacle. The controller may halt the current operation or actuation and / or prevent further operation / actuation in response to the proximity sensor output. The controller may reverse the actuation of the solar panel array in response to the proximity sensor output.

[0060] The unit and / or solar panel array may comprise one or more orientation sensor for the solar panel array, e.g. in addition to the movement sensor. The one or more orientation sensor may sense the angle of the solar panel array relative to one or two axes. The angle relative to a horizontal axis (inclination) and / or vertical axis (swivel) may be sensed. The controller may set a desired angle for the solar panel array in the deployed position (e.g. an optimal deployed condition) and may monitor movement of the solar panel array relative to said position.

[0061] The controller may move the solar panel array back to a deployed position or an optimal deployed position in response to a subsequent output of the movement sensor and / or an output of the one or more additional sensor.

[0062] Optionally, the unit comprises a manual override function. The manual override function may allow a user to initiate a shutdown of the unit. The manual override function may allow a user to override controller operation of the unit.

[0063] According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a controller for the unit of the first aspect. According to a third aspect of the invention there is a data carrier or data storage medium comprising machine-readable instructions for operation of an angular adjustment mechanism for a freestanding, transportable unit of the first aspect.

[0064] According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a controller for a transportable solar power generation unit comprising a solar panel array, an actuation system for adjustment of the solar panel array, and a movement sensor, wherein the controller operates the actuation system in response to movement sensor data.

[0065] According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of operation of a transportable solar power generation unit comprising a solar panel array, an actuation system for adjustment of the solar panel array, a movement sensor, and a controller, wherein the method comprises actuating the solar panel array from a rest position to a deployed position and selectively operating the actuation system to move the solar panel array away from the deployed position in response to an output of the movement sensor.

[0066] According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a data carrier comprising machine-readable instruction for the operation of the controller of the second aspect.

[0067] Any of the optional features defined in relation to the first aspect may be applied to the any other aspect of the invention, wherever practicable.

[0068] Detailed description

[0069] Workable embodiments of the invention are described in further detail below by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, of which:

[0070] Figure 1 shows a schematic side view of a unit according to an example of the invention.

[0071] Figure 2 shows a plan view of an example angular adjustment mechanism;;

[0072] Figure 3 shows an example plan view of the unit;

[0073] Figure 4 shows an example plan view of the layout of an electrical system of the unit; and

[0074] Figure 5 shows a schematic of the control system; and

[0075] Figure 6 shows a schematic side view of a unit according to a further example of the invention. Figure 7 shows a perspective view of a unit in a deployed position according to an example of the invention.

[0076] Figure 8 shows a side view a unit in a stored position according to an example of the invention.

[0077] Figure 9 shows a perspective view of a unit in a partially deployed position according to an example of the invention.

[0078] Figure 10 shows a rear view of a transportable solar power generation unit in a deployed position according to an example of the invention.

[0079] Figure 11a shows a side view of one example of the stability ring 45.

[0080] Figure 11 b shows a close up of the stability ring 45 depicted by section A in Figure 11a.

[0081] Figure 11c shows a close up perspective view of the stability ring 45 in situ.

[0082] Turning to Figure 1 , there is shown a mobile solar tracking system, provided in the form of a free-standing transportable power generation unit 10. The unit 10 can be provided in any suitable location, for example, in locations without connection to mains electricity.

[0083] The unit can be provided in any suitable location, for example, in locations without connection to mains electricity.

[0084] The unit 10 comprises an enclosure 12, e.g. in the form of a housing or container (i.e. the system / unit 10 is self-contained). The enclosure 12 may comprise a steel shell, for example, the unit may comprise a structure similar to an ISO container, albeit potentially smaller.

[0085] The enclosure 12 may be mounted to a movable chassis or the like. The unit / system 10 therefore may be towable by a vehicle. The chassis may comprise a plurality of wheels (not shown). The chassis may comprise a tow connector 14 to provide a connection to a towing vehicle. The tow connector 110 may comprise a jockey wheel to support one end of the unit when not towed. However, it can be appreciated that such an arrangement is merely exemplary and the system may comprise any suitable arrangement to allow towing or transportation thereof. In some embodiments, the enclosure 12 comprises one or more connection member to allow suspension of the system from a crane, boom arm or the like. For example, the connection member may comprise one or more of: an eyelet; an aperture; a recess; a hook; a latch; a clamp; or a ratchet.

[0086] In some embodiments, the enclosure 12 comprises means to allow lifting using a forklift. For example, the unit may comprise forklift pockets (not shown), e.g. provided proximal a lower edge of the enclosure 12.

[0087] Where the unit 10 is configured for lifting via a crane / for lift, it can be appreciated the towable chassis may not be provided. Portability of the system is therefore provided by lifting and transportation of the system via a vehicle (commonly referred to as a “static” unit). In some embodiments, the towable chassis and the lifting system may both be provided to provide flexibility for the user. Thus it will be appreciated that the unit 102 is portable and can be conveyed in a variety of ways but will typically be left, in use, on a site such that the unit 102 is free standing and self-supporting.

[0088] The unit 10 comprises a renewable generator 16 on the exterior of the enclosure 12, e.g. mounted on the roof of the enclosure 12 in this example. The renewable generator is configured to generate electrical power from a renewable source. The renewable energy generator 16 comprises one or more solar panel.

[0089] The solar panel 16 is mounted to a support in the form of a frame 18. The frame 18 allows a plurality of solar panels to be commonly mounted, i.e. supported by a common frame as a solar panel array. The solar panels may be provided side-by- side on the frame 18. An array or two, four or more solar manels may be provided in this format.

[0090] The frame 18 may allow selected movement of one solar panel 16 relative to another solar panel. In this way, the footprint of the solar panels can be reduced for storage and the solar panels can be presented as a larger surface area when deployed. The solar panels may be stacked in the storage condition, e.g. one-atop another. The frame system may comprise rails or runners, e.g. such that one or more solar panel can slide out from beneath another solar panel when being deployed.

[0091] The solar panel(s) may be bi-facial solar panels, i.e. having first and second opposing major faces, each having solar collectors thereon such that the surface area of each opposing face can contribute to the power output of the panel. The roof of the unit 10 may serve as a reflector to reflect any incident light that does not impact the outer surface of the solar panel 16. The roof may be white or otherwise treated to promote light reflection. Additionally or alternatively, a member of the frame 18 behind the panel may act as a reflector.

[0092] The solar panel 16, e.g. via frame 18, is mounted to the roof via an angular adjustment mechanism 20. The angular adjustment mechanism 20 comprises a tilt or inclination adjustment mechanism 22 and a swivel adjustment mechanism 24. Those mechanisms are each powered (e.g. individually as will be described below) and controlled by a controller such that the orientation of the solar panel 16 can be adjusted without human intervention if required.

[0093] The adjustment mechanism can therefore be described as a dual-axis adjustment mechanism, i.e. allowing adjustment of the solar panel orientation about two different axes. The axes may be perpendicular. Alternatively, in some embodiments the axes may be angularly offset at an angle that is less than 90°, i.e. an oblique angle.

[0094] The swivel adjustment mechanism 24 comprises a slew ring as shown in plan in Figure 2. The slew ring 24 comprises an inner ring 26 and an outer ring 28 mounted so as to allow relative rotation therebetween. A bearing arrangement may be provided at the interface between the inner 26 and outer 28 ring. A drive 30 (shown in Figure 1 ) may be inbuilt to the slew ring and may drive one ring relative to the other. A worm drive or other geared drive may be used and may be driven by an electric motor. One of the inner 26 and outer 28 rings may comprise a toothed profile to this end. In another example, at least one of the rings could be mounted to a support plate via an annular bearing arrangement (e.g. akin and a thrust bearing) and rotating drive member could drive rotation of the single ring.

[0095] The electric motor allows accurate electronic control of the rotation of the swivel adjustment mechanism 24.

[0096] The swivel adjustment mechanism can take a low profile and can bear the weight of the panel 16 against the roof of the unit enclosure 12. As such, the inclination adjustment mechanism 22 can beneficially be mounted atop the swivel adjustment mechanism 24 in this example.

[0097] The inclination adjustment mechanism 22 comprises a scissor mechanism and an actuator 32 for driving movement of the scissor mechanism. The scissor mechanism comprises a plurality of rungs / links of a pivot jointed framework as shown. This is beneficial in that the scissor mechanism 22 can be actuated from a low-profile or stowed / lowered condition to an elevated, raised or extended condition in which the solar panel is lifted up from the roof of the enclosure 12.

[0098] The inclination adjustment mechanism is mounted on the swivel adjustment mechanism 24 and has a different actuator 32, such that each mechanism can be actuated either independently or collectively / simultaneously by a controller as required.

[0099] The actuator 32 of the inclination mechanism 22 is typically a linear actuator, such as a ram / piston which could be hydraulically or electrically driven, e.g. under the control of a controller (to be described below). A plurality of such actuators could be provided, e.g. in parallel. An electric linear actuator may be preferred for accurate inclination control.

[0100] The actuator 32 drives against a rung of the scissor linkage and can urge it away from the roof of the enclosure 12 so as to force apart the scissor mechanism. The scissor mechanism then extends as a multiple of the extension of the actuator according to the number of linkages in the scissor mechanism. The frame 18 supporting the solar panel 16 is applied as a top linkage of the scissor mechanism. Here it is important to note that the frame is attached as an oblique linkage of the scissor mechanism when the scissor is extended. That is to say, the frame 18 is connected between a central pivot point of the linkage and an edge pivot point of the linkage.

[0101] In the arrangement shown in Figure 1 , the extending of the scissor mechanism 22 will simultaneously cause tilting of the solar panel 16. Thus, the mechanism 22 may be described as an elevation-and-tilting mechanism. The elevation aspect of the mechanism has bene found to be beneficial in raising the central region of the solar panel 16 as it is inclined. Thus the lower edge of the solar panel 16 can be maintained above head height, or the edge of the roof, even if the footprint of the solar panel is greater than that of the enclosure 12. However, in other examples, a simpler tilting mechanism could be used, albeit potentially without all the same benefits.

[0102] Figure 3 shows an initial array of two solar panels 16 in a side-by- side arrangement atop the unit. Further panels are stowed beneath the panels 16 and can slide out to increase the surface area of the solar panel array. They panel array, once deployed, can thus be greater than the area or footprint of the enclosure. The tilting mechanism 22 and swivel mechanism 24 are shown beneath the solar panel array.

[0103] The inclination mechanism 22 may allow tilting of the solar panel 16 though an angular range of less than 90°. The range may be greater than 50°. The range may be approximately or precisely 75°. The range of tilting adjustment may be between a substantially horizontal position, or flat / parallel relative to the enclosure 12 roof, and an inclined position.

[0104] The swivel adjustment mechanism 24 allows rotational adjustment of the solar panel / array 26, e.g. including the tilt mechanism 22, through 360° about a vertical axis or else an axis that is perpendicular to the roof of the enclosure. However, the controller of the adjustment system constrains the available range of swivelling adjustment based on the necessary range of movement to track the sun, e.g. through a range of 180° or less.

[0105] Together, the swivel and inclination adjustment mechanisms provide dual-axis movement, ensuring optimal positioning of the solar panels to capture maximum sunlight.

[0106] Turning now to Figure 4, there is shown an example of the electrical system inside the enclosure 12, which includes: one or more fuel-based electrical generators 40; one or more inverter 42, which may be referred to as inverters or chargers; an electrical energy store 43 in the form of one or more battery, typically a plurality of batteries as a common battery bank; a plurality of outlet sockets 44 fuel tank 45 controller or control system 47 comprising a power point tracking controller 7a (e.g. a maximum power point tracking MPPT controller) and isolator(s) or disconnect switch(es) 47b battery management system 48 (which may be part of control system 47) actuator system 49, e.g. a power pack and / or actuator drive system for the swivel and / or incline adjustment mechanisms.

[0107] The power point tracking controller 47a monitors the variable power supply from the inputs (e.g. the one or more renewable energy source) and maximises energy extraction for storage by the battery 43.

[0108] The battery management system 48 may help ensure the operating condition of the battery 43, e.g. avoiding deep discharge of the battery, monitoring battery temperature and / or controlling charge / discharge, etc. Using the above electrical system, it will be appreciated that electrical power derived from the solar panel / array 16 can be stored on-board, used immediately on-board or used to supply power to devices connected to outlets 44.

[0109] The diesel generator set 40 is optional and may be provided as a backup generator to supplement the solar power generated, i.e. to meet instantaneous demands and / or charge the battery 43.

[0110] Turning to Figure 5, the unit controller 47 is equipped with software, that allows the system to autonomously track the sun's position relative to the solar panels in use and / or to deploy the solar panels from a storage condition to a deployed / in-use condition whereby the solar panels automatically face the sun. Whilst certain functionality is described as being integrated with the on-board controller 47, it will be appreciated that it is possible to control the cabin remotely, e.g. by way of a remote controller or control system provided there is adequate communication permitted between any such controller and the on-board systems.

[0111] The unit has an orientation sensor 50 in the form of a gyroscope, compass or similar. The orientation sensor can determine the orientation of the unit 10 as a whole, i.e. the enclosure 12, relative to a suitable datum, such as a global datum, e.g. magnetic north or similar. As such the controller can determine the orientation of the unit 10 when it is deployed on any site.

[0112] The unit 10 has a location sensor 52, such as a location sensing system or GPS. The controller 47 thus has access to the location, e.g. in terms of latitude and longitude, of the unit 10 on a global reference frame or other, suitable large reference frame on the earth’s surface. In another example, the operator can manually set the location of the unit when it is deployed on a site.

[0113] The controller has access to a calendar 54 or other database comprising data indicative of the location of the sun relative to the earth and / or horizon in the vicinity of the unit 10. The controller thus has access to the season within the annual cycle for the location in which the unit is positioned. References to a ‘calendar’ herein may also be considered to comprise references to a lookup table or database for the sun’s position.

[0114] The controller may have access to a clock or an internal clock in order to determine a time of day, e.g. and date.

[0115] The inclination adjustment mechanism has an incline sensor 22a. The swivel adjustment mechanism has a swivel sensor 24a. The controller has access to either or both of the sensors 22a or 24a in order to determine an orientation of the solar panel 16 relative to the orientation of the unit 10 (i.e. enclosure 12). The sensors 22a and / or 24a may be integral with the mechanism / actuator described above (i.e. which can infer the orientation of the solar panel 16) or else may be a separate sensor attached to the solar panel or mechanism that is in communication with the controller 47.

[0116] The controller is thus able to determine not only the orientation of the unit 10 but also the angular (i.e. inclination and / or swivel) offset between the solar panel and the enclosure 12.

[0117] The controller and / or associated software integrates real-time geolocation data and directional sensors to ensure optimal orientation of the solar panels for energy generation.

[0118] Using the output of the location sensing system 52 and the calendar 54, the controller can determine the intended location of sunrise and sunset for the day on which the unit is operational. The controller can thus determine a swivel angular range between the sunset and sunrise locations.

[0119] Using the orientation sensor 50 for the unit 10, the controller can determine the relative orientation of the unit to due north, or another suitable reference frame. Therefore the controller can determine the orientation of sunrise and sunset for that day, relative to the orientation of the unit. Using this information, the controller can set the swivel angle range for the day, i.e. to point to the sun, relative to the orientation of the unit. Upon accessing a clock, the controller can set the current swivel orientation required to face the sun at that time of day.

[0120] Similarly for the inclination angle, the controller can access the inclination of the unit relative to horizontal, or else can assume the unit is horizontal, e.g. if the unit has a levelling mechanism. Upon accessing the calendar 54, the controller can determine the path of the sun in the sky that day in terms of the arc or height the sun will follow relative to the horizon. Thus the controller can set the inclination angle range for the day. Upon accessing a clock, the controller can set the current inclination angle required to face the sun at that time of day.

[0121] Therefore upon fist startup of the electrical system on a new site, the controller can automatically deploy the solar panel 16 to face the sun by controlling the adjustment mechanism 22 and / or 24. The controller can monitor the current orientation of the solar panel and track the sun throughout the day such that the solar panel is substantially perpendicular to incident rays from the sun throughout the day.

[0122] The path of solar panel orientation for a given day can be predetermined by the controller from sun rise to sunset by following the predicted path of the sun for the determined location of the unit. Thus the tracking mechanism can be matched accurately to the unit location even when the unit is moved from site to site, without the need for user installation or setup on a new site. The path followed / determined by the controller for a given day can be defined in terms of an elevation / incline relative to the swivel angle of the panel, or vice-versa. Alternatively the path can be set according to angular orientations based on the time if day.

[0123] The controller may therefore actuate the solar panel 16 track the sun in two orthogonal directions (e.g. an azimuth-altitude arrangement).

[0124] For any adjustment to the solar panel orientation that is needed, the controller can determine a difference between a known or assumed orientation of the panel 16 and outputs a signal to a motor controller (e.g. a servomechanism or the like). The motor controller controls an electric motor / actuator operatively connected to the adjustment mechanism to align the panel 16 into a facing direction with the known or assumed position of the sun accordingly.

[0125] Additionally or alternatively, tracking is provided by a sensor based system. The sensor system may comprises one or more sensor configured to detect the position of the sun. For example, the sensor system comprises a directional light sensor configured to determine the position of the sun and / or direction of incident sunlight relative to the solar panel 16. The controller may determine a perpendicular orientation relative to the incident rays and a difference between said perpendicular orientation and the panel orientation according to the light sensor reading. The controller can then adjust the panel orientation accordingly into a currently optimal orientation. This may be referred to as a continuously or incrementally monitoring system.

[0126] Typically, only one of the calendar-based or sensor-based tracking system is provided, however, it can be appreciated that both of the systems may be provided to allow more accurate tracking and / or to provide redundancy in the tracking system. The calendar-based system may be used for macro adjustment or deployment of the solar panel, e.g. with the sensor-based system being used for smaller / optimizing adjustments.

[0127] In some embodiments, the tracking system rotates the panel 16 about a horizontal and / or vertical axis a predetermined angle over a predetermined length of time, i.e. as a preset path. For example, the user may set the panel 36 to rotate about 180 degrees over 12 hours. Such an arrangement does not provide complete accuracy in tracking the sun, however, reduces the need for a complex timing or sensor or arrangement.

[0128] The tracking system may be configured to operate intermittently. The panel 36 may therefore move incrementally. The tracking system may operate at predetermined intervals, for example, every 15, 30 or 60 minutes. Such an arrangement reduces power consumption and the wear on the motors etc. The predetermined intervals may vary throughout the day. For example, the predetermined internal may be reduced when greater solar power is available (and vice versa to conserve energy).

[0129] The tracking system may be configured to return the solar panel 16 back to a starting position (i.e. facing the rising sun) once the day cycle is finished.

[0130] Alongside, the sensors and control system described above, the system may include an environmental sensor 56, for example a wind sensor. The sensor 56 may sense an adverse environmental condition, which may affect the safety / stability of the unit. The controller may retract the solar panels from the deployed condition to the storage condition in response to sensing of an adverse condition, e.g. a wind speed above a predetermined threshold. Wind speed and / or direction may be sensed.

[0131] In other examples, the adverse condition sensor could comprise a load stress sensor in the actuation mechanism, e.g. sensing wind loading on the solar panels indirectly though the loading on the support structure or a stability sensing system for the unit as a whole. A stability system could for example sense the weight distribution of the unit in addition to, or instead of the wind speed sensor.

[0132] The ability to thus deploy or re-deploy the solar panel 16 automatically is therefore an important consideration. The present invention thus encompasses an automated tracking system, as well as a solar panel deployment system that ensures optimal solar generation for its location.

[0133] In any of the examples described above, an operator or user could manually select information to be used by the control, or could manually deploy or adjust solar panels as necessary. However, such manual intervention is not required and the system can operate entirely autonomously or automatically under the controller authority. Turning to Figure 6, a further example of a unit / cabin 10a is shown having an alternative inclination adjustment mechanism. All other features of the unit and its control system may be as described above and like features will not be repeated for conciseness. However, the scissor mechanism 22 described in relation to Figure 1 has been replaced with a modified inclination adjustment mechanism in which the linear actuator 32 now acts on a pivot point 36 on the panel array 16, e.g. on the support frame 18 for the solar panel(s).

[0134] The linear actuator 32 is mounted atop the unit 10a, e.g. carried on the swivel adjustment mechanism 24.

[0135] The linear actuator 32 is obliquely angled relative to the unit 10a, e.g. relative to the roof, and may be pivotably mounted or mounted at a fixed oblique elevation angle. The angle of the linear actuator is shallow, e.g. less than 20°, such that the solar panel 16 can lay flat when the actuator is retracted.

[0136] Although one actuator 32 is shown, two or more actuators will typically be used, e.g. in parallel to act on the solar panel array. The actuators 32 may act on a common frame member of the support structure for the solar panels.

[0137] The solar panel(s) 16 are hingedly mounted to the unit 10a in this example. A hinge 34 is provided between support structure / frame 18 and a further support member 38 mounted atop the swivel mechanism 24. This provides a simple and robust inclination adjustment mechanism, particularly where the footprint of the solar panel array is not larger than the footprint of the unit 10a.

[0138] In another example, the hinge 34 could be replaced with a further linear actuator, or plurality of such actuators, spaced apart from the actuator 32 shown, e.g. to the left or right thereof as shown in Figure 6. In such a configuration, the different actuators may be extended by different amounts to modify both the height and inclination of the solar panel 16. Any actuation of the actuators may be under the authority / control of a control system as hereinbefore described. The entire solar generation assemblies described above are mounted on a mobile unit. The system's mobility allows it to be utilised in a wide range of environments, from construction sites to remote off-grid locations, offering reliable and efficient solar power generation.

[0139] Whilst the unit 10 described herein is a dedicated power generation unit, i.e. that can be connected up to onsite equipment to provide power thereto, in other examples, the unit could itself comprise a cabin, such as a welfare cabin. Such a cabin could house amenities, such as washing, toilet, drying, cooking, canteen, office and / or other living facilities, including an on-board electrical system that is powered by the solar panel / array 16. Accordingly, the invention is applicable to freestanding, transportable units, such as power generation units or welfare cabins that are to be deployed on site and may be transported to further sites during the course of their operational life.

[0140] A unit 10 is shown in Figures 7-10.

[0141] The electrical components of the unit 10 comprise a plurality of electrical outputs 39, for connecting electrical devices to the unit 10. The plurality of electrical outputs 39 are accessible via an aperture in a wall of the housing 12, however in some embodiments the electrical outputs 39 may be entirely enclosed within the housing 12 and accessible only via opening a door of the housing 12.

[0142] The electrical outputs 39 are able to supply a connected electrical device with power generated by the unit 10. In some embodiments, the electrical outputs 39 supply only DC power or only AC power. However, other embodiments may provide a plurality of output types in the plurality of electrical outputs 39 with, for example, a first output type able to supply AC power and a second output type able to supply DC power. The electrical outputs 39 may supply power at any suitable voltage and some embodiments may supply power at a selection of different voltages. The unit 10 may thus generate power in use not only to supply its own on-board electrical system (including any on-board actuation system for the solar panel array - to be described below) but also a variety of other equipment on a site, such as lighting, tools, pumps, and other equipment, as well as welfare cabins / amenities, toilets or the like.

[0143] The unit 10 comprises a solar panel array 40 mounted to a surface of the housing 12. In the embodiment shown, the solar panel array 40 is mounted to a roof of the housing 12 by a base assembly 41 . In other embodiments, the solar panel array 40 may be mounted to any suitable surface of the housing 12. Some embodiments may mount the solar panel array 40 to the housing 12 by alternative means, i.e. without the use of a base assembly 41 .

[0144] The solar panel array 40 is an extendable solar panel array 40. As such the solar panel array 40 comprises a main section 40a and a plurality of extendable sections 40b-e. Extendable sections 40b-e are extendable relative to the main section 40a via a sliding mechanism. In some embodiments, the extendable sections 40b-e are extendable via other means, e.g. a folding mechanism.

[0145] The base 41 is shown more clearly in the views of Figures 3 and 4. The base assembly 41 comprises a frame-like structure, and is therefore light-weight while still maintaining sufficient rigidity to support the solar panel array 40. A light-weight base 41 may allow a lower overall weight of the unit 10, which may facilitate easier transportation of the unit 10. A light-weight base 41 may also facilitate easier adjustment of the solar panel array 40, for example by requiring a lower force for adjustment of a position of the array 40.

[0146] A first segment 42 of the base assembly 41 is mounted to the roof of the housing 12, and the solar panel array 40 is mounted to a second segment 43 of the base assembly 41 . The first segment 42 and second segment 43 are connected via a hinge 48 such that the second segment 43 is tiltable relative to the first segment 42. The first 42 and second 43 segments may each comprise a frame structure or frame-like sub-assembly. This the first and second segments may comprise a hinged support structure for the solar array in which one frame can be tilted relative to the other frame.

[0147] The first segment 42 is mounted to the housing 12 using a swivel mechanism.

[0148] The swivel mechanism is mounted atop the roof of the unit 10. The swivel mechanism may comprise a slew ring 24.

[0149] The first segment 42 is mounted to the housing 12 using a swivel mechanism, which is mounted atop the roof of the unit 10 and which may be referred to herein as slew ring 24. The slew ring 24 comprises a rotor and stator, with the rotor being rotatable relative to the stator, e.g. via a bearing mechanism. The stator is attached to the housing 12, such that it is held stationary relative to the housing 12. The first segment 42 of the base 41 is attached to the rotor, and the base 41 is therefore rotatable relative to the housing 12.

[0150] The first segment 42 of the base 41 being rotatable relative to the housing 12 and second segment 43 of the base 41 being tiltable relative to the first segment 42 means the solar panel array 40 mounted to the second segment 43 is therefore tiltable and rotatable relative to the housing 12, e.g. with two degrees / dimensions of rotational adjustment being available.

[0151] The slew ring 24 comprises a limit switch which is able to indicate when the slew ring 24 and / or solar panel array 40 is orientated in a starting / home position, e.g. at a rotation angle of 0°. In some embodiments, the starting / home position may align the solar panel with the towbar 44, i.e. a centre line of the solar panel array 40 may be parallel with the towbar 44 when the rotation angle is 0°.

[0152] The unit 10 further comprises a stability system for the swivel mechanism.

[0153] In this example, the stability system comprises a stability ring 45. The stability ring 45 is mounted on the roof of the housing 12. The stability ring 45 is larger in diameter than the slew ring 24. The slew ring 24 and stability ring 45 are in a concentric arrangement.

[0154] The stability ring 45 comprise at least one dampening mechanism. The dampening mechanism may comprise dampers, e.g. elastomeric or hydraulic dampers. The dampening mechanism may further comprise a plurality of wheels. There may be a elastomeric or hydraulic damper for each wheel.

[0155] The stability ring 45 is able to support the first segment 42 of the base 41 throughout all angles of its rotation. Ideally, the diameter of the stability ring 45 is at least of a similar dimension to a width of the first segment 42, but not larger than a length of the first segment 42, in order to be of a suitable dimension to support the base 41 .

[0156] The main section 40a of the solar panel array 40 is mounted to the second segment 43 of the base 41 , such that the main section 40a is always exposed.

[0157] The extendable sections 40b-e of the array 40 are each mounted by a slidable mount to the second segment 43 of the base 41 . The slidable mounts are arranged on the second segment 43 such that when in a fully retracted / stored position, the extendable sections 40b-e are not exposed. When retracted, the solar array 40 is arranged in three layers, as shown in Figure 8, with the top layer comprising the main section 40a, the layer below that comprising extendable sections 40d and 40e, and the bottom layer comprising extendable sections 40b and 40c. It can be appreciated that other arrangements of the extendable sections 40b-e are possible and may be implemented in other embodiments of the unit. For example, in embodiments with more or fewer extendable sections, the solar array 40 may be arranged more or fewer layers. In some embodiments, the array 40 may be stored in a non-layered arrangement.

[0158] The slidable mounts are slidable to a fully extended position, in which the extendable sections 40b-e of the solar array 40 are exposed. The extendable sections 40b-e are therefore slidably extendable relative to the second segment 43 of the base 41 and relative to the main section 40a. The slidable mounts are individually slidable such that each extendable section 40b-e may be independently extended and retracted.

[0159] The unit 10 comprises an actuation system for adjustment of the solar panel array 40. The actuation system comprises a plurality of actuators, e.g. linear actuators and / or motors. The actuation system is in communication with and is controllable by a controller, such that adjustment of the solar panel array 40 is controllable by the controller.

[0160] The base assembly 41 comprises at least a part of the actuation system, such that the base 41 comprises at least one of the plurality of actuators. The plurality of actuators comprises at least one linear actuator 46 mounted at one end to the first segment 42 of the base 41 and at another end to the second segment 43 of the base 41 . The at least one linear actuator 46 is mounted such that extension of the actuator 46 tilts the second segment 43 relative to the first segment 42 about the hinge 48. The embodiment shown in the Figures comprises two linear actuators 46, although it can be appreciated that the number of linear actuators 46 may vary in other embodiments dependent upon a variety of factors, e.g. stability, size of the solar array, and / or strength of linear actuator.

[0161] The plurality of actuators further comprises at least one rotation driving actuator for driving rotation of the base 41 relative to the housing 12. The at least one rotation driving actuator may comprise a linear actuator and / or a motor. The rotation driving actuator in some embodiments is integrated into the slew ring 24. In some embodiments, a motor may be used to drive the slew ring 24 directly. In other embodiments, and more typically, the rotation driving actuator may be connected, for example, to a gear mechanism in order to drive the rotation in a controlled manner. The swivel motion may be driven at a rotational speed in the region of 0.5-5° per second for example. The rotational speed may be in the order of 1 ° per second. This provides a controlled an accurate adjustment for the large / heavy solar array. At least one gas strut 47 is attached to the first segment 42 of the base 41 . The gas strut 47 is arranged on the base 41 such that an end of the gas strut 47 extends towards the second segment 43.

[0162] The gas strut 47 is arranged to support the second segment 43 of the base 41 when the second segment 43 is at low inclinations (i.e. has a low tilt angle) relative to the first segment 42, e.g. when in a stored / rest position. The gas strut 47 is able to support at least some of the weight of the second segment 43 and solar array 40 at low tilt angles. In some embodiments, alternative supporting means may be used in place of the gas strut 47, for example a spring, such as a compression spring.

[0163] The unit 10 comprises a controller and a plurality of sensors in communication with the controller. The controller is configured to control normal operation of the unit 10 and to respond to a detected signal of the plurality of sensors.

[0164] The plurality of sensors comprises at least one movement sensor, e.g. an accelerometer, for detecting movement of the unit 10 and / or solar array 40. The movement sensor may therefore be provided on any suitable component of the unit 10, such as the housing 12, base 41 , and / or solar panel array 40.

[0165] The plurality of sensors comprises a wind sensor, e.g. an anemometer, for detecting wind speed and / or strength. The wind sensor may be located on any suitable part of the unit 10 for monitoring useful wind data. For example, the wind sensor may be located on the solar array 40, any part of the base 41 , or on an external part of the housing 12. The wind sensor may also detect the direction (angular orientation or compass direction) of the wind. A conventional anemometer may be used with direction and wind speed sensing.

[0166] The plurality of sensors comprises at least one proximity sensor for detection of obstacles or structures in close proximity of the unit 10. Proximity sensors may be provided on any useful part on the unit, for example at an extremity of the unit 10. Proximity sensors may be provided on the housing 12, base 41 , solar panel array 40, and / or extendable sections of the array 40 and / or base 41 .

[0167] In some embodiments the plurality of sensors also comprises a light detection sensor. The light detection sensor may be able to detect and / or indicate when solar power generation is reduced due to low levels of light reaching the solar panel array 40, which may be caused, for example, by accumulated dirt / dust obscuring the array 40.

[0168] In some embodiments, the unit 10 comprises a solar panel cleaning system, which may comprise at least one cleaning mechanism for cleaning the solar panel array 40. The at least one cleaning mechanism may comprise, for example, a brush or wiper mechanism.

[0169] The unit 10 comprises an input interface, for receiving user input and control instructions. In some embodiments the unit 10 comprises an output function, which may be part of the input interface such that the unit 10 comprises an input / output interface.

[0170] In some embodiments, the unit 10 comprises a solar-tracking system for tracking of the sun by the solar panel array 40. The solar-tracking system comprises a position / location sensor and direction sensor, e.g. a GPS and compass, in communication with the controller of the unit 10.

[0171] The unit 10 further comprises an alarm and / or light, which may be in communication with the controller, and / or may activate during movement and / or positioning / repositioning of the unit 10 and / or solar panel array 40. The alarm / light is able to produce a noise / light when activated, which may warn those nearby the unit 10 of its movement / positioning.

[0172] The unit 10 is positionable in a deployed position as shown in Figure 7. In the deployed position, the solar panel array 40 is rotated and tilted to face the sun and extendable sections of the array 40 are fully extended. In embodiments with a solar-tracking system, the solar panel array 40 is constantly or periodically rotated and tilted throughout the day to track the position of the sun, for example the array 40 may move to face the sun at 15-minute intervals. Adjustment of the solar panel array 40 to track the sun is controlled by the controller and actuation system.

[0173] The unit 10 is positionable in a stored position as in Figure 8. In the stored position, the extendable sections 40b-e are fully retracted and the solar array 40 is rotated and tilted to a rest position where the rotation angle relative to the housing 12 is 0° and where the tilt angle is also 0°. As the main section 40a of the solar array 40 is exposed in the stored position, the solar power generation unit 10 is able to generate solar power in the stored position, although likely at a lower rate than in the deployed position.

[0174] The unit 10 is positionable in a plurality of partially deployed positions. An example of a partially deployed position is shown in Figure 9. In this case, the solar panel array is rotated and tilted to face the sun, but extendable sections 40b-e of the array 40 are fully retracted. In other partially deployed positions, the unit 10 is positioned by any combination and / or permutation of tilting, rotating, extending, and retracting of the solar panel array 40 to a position other than the stored or deployed positions.

[0175] The position of the unit 10 in use is dependent on a variety of factors, including the amount or rate of solar power generation achievable and / or environmental factors such as weather conditions, e.g. wind speed / strength, and / or proximity of the unit 10 to obstacles / structures.

[0176] The unit 10 will have the greatest rate of solar power generation when in the deployed position, as such position has the largest exposed area of the solar panel array 40 and tracks the sun throughout the day, so receives the most light. It is therefore ideal if the unit 10 is able to remain in the deployed position during its use, and when conditions allow the unit 10 is deployed as such. However, when subject to adverse conditions, the unit 10 may be susceptible to damage if left in the deployed position. Rather than remain in such a position and risk damage, the unit 10 will initiate a total or partial shutdown and reposition to the stored position or a partially deployed position, respectively.

[0177] Repositioning of the unit 10 away from the deployed position to a partially deployed or stored position is dependent on the severity of adverse conditions and / or likelihood of the unit 10 and / or array 40 to be damaged by such adverse conditions. In other words, if the risk of damage is determined to be above a threshold risk, the unit 10 will be repositioned. Repositioning to a partially deployed position allows the unit 10 to generate more solar power than in the stored position while ensuring the risk of damage to the unit 10 is below the acceptable threshold risk.

[0178] Initiation of a shutdown and repositioning of the unit 10 is controlled by the controller. In response to one or more sensor signal from the plurality of sensors, the controller determines whether repositioning of the array 40 is necessary and, if such is the case, will initiate a shutdown. The controller determines whether a total or partial shutdown is necessary based on a set of thresholds and / or hierarchies, and repositions the solar panel array 40 appropriately according to such thresholds / hierarchies.

[0179] For example, when the controller determines that repositioning from the deployed position to a partially deployed position is necessary, the position to which the unit 10 is repositioned may be determined by the following order of steps: i. Retracting the extended sections 40b-e of the solar panel array 40: a. first retracting sections 40e and 40d, b. if the risk of damage is still above the acceptable threshold, retracting sections 40b and 40c. ii. If the risk of damage is still above the acceptable threshold, adjusting the tilt angle until the risk of damage is below the acceptable threshold or the tilt angle is 0°. iii. If the risk of damage is still above the acceptable threshold, adjusting the rotation angle until the risk of damage is below the acceptable threshold or the rotation angle is 0°, i.e. if no partially deployed position reduces the risk of damage below the threshold, a total shutdown occurs and the unit 10 is repositioned to the stored position.

[0180] This order may be the same or different to the order in which the solar panel array 40 is moved to the home position in normal operation. For example, during normal operation when positioning the array 40 in the stored position, e.g. at the end of the day / after sunset, the controller may first rotate the array 40 to a 0° rotation angle, then lower the array 40 to 0° tilt angle before retracting the extended sections 40b-e. In some cases when a shutdown process is initiated, the shutdown / repositioning may follow the same order as the order of storing under normal operation. In other cases, it may follow a different order, e.g. as above.

[0181] In some embodiments, initiation of a shutdown may be a staged process, e.g. a partial shutdown may always be initiated before a total shutdown. In other embodiments, however, it is possible to initiate a total shutdown without a preceding partial shutdown. A partial shutdown may therefore occur only where conditions are not severe enough to warrant a total shutdown.

[0182] In embodiments where the plurality of sensors includes an anemometer and an accelerometer, the controller may determine whether to reposition the array 40 in response to one or both of the anemometer and accelerometer signals. By repositioning the array in response to an anemometer signal, the unit 10 is able to protect against damage that may be caused by wind-loading forces.

[0183] When a wind speed above a threshold speed is detected by the anemometer, the anemometer signal is sent to the controller and the controller determines whether to initiate a shutdown or partial shutdown. In some embodiments a shutdown, for example following the above-mentioned hierarchy, is initiated whenever a detected wind speed exceeds a threshold speed. In some embodiments, a total shutdown is initiated when the wind speed exceeds a first, higher threshold speed, and a partial shutdown is initiated when the wind speed exceeds a second, lower threshold speed. A plurality of threshold speeds may be used to determine the partially deployed to which the unit 10 is repositioned.

[0184] In other embodiments, initiation of a shutdown is dependent, at least in part, on the accelerometer signal. For example, if the wind speed exceeds the threshold speed, the controller may require the accelerometer signal to confirm the risk of damage to the unit 10 before initiating a shutdown.

[0185] The accelerometer is able to detect a direction and / or magnitude of movement of the unit 10 and / or solar panel array 40. The accelerometer signal may therefore indicate to the controller a magnitude and / or direction of the wind-loading force, or any other force, applied to the unit 10 or solar panel array 40. If the indicated magnitude is above a threshold magnitude and / or the indicated direction of the force would damage the unit 10, the controller will initiate a shutdown.

[0186] The accelerometer is also able to detect oscillating movement, vibrational patterns, twisting, and / or flexing of the solar panel array 40, and such may be indicated to the controller by the accelerometer signal. The controller is therefore able to respond differently dependent on the movement detected. As such, the hierarchy followed by an initiated shutdown may vary dependent on the accelerometer signal and / or detected movement. For example, when oscillating movement is detected, the controller may first reduce the tilt angle of the solar array 40 before retracting the extendable sections 40b-e. In another example, where the direction of the force is indicated by the accelerometer signal, the controller may rotate the solar array 40 to be parallel or near parallel to the direction of wind in order to reduce the force exerted on the solar panel array 40.

[0187] In some embodiments with an accelerometer, the anemometer may be omitted. As the accelerometer detects a movement of the unit 10 and / or solar panel array 40, it is able to detect any forces acting on the array, including wind-loading forces. Since a greater magnitude of movement detected by the accelerometer signifies a greater force applied to the array 40, the accelerometer signal indicates the magnitude of a detected force to the controller. The controller can then respond to the accelerometer signal when a force threshold is exceeded, and as the magnitude of the detected force will correlate with the wind speed, the unit 10 can be repositioned appropriately to prevent wind damage.

[0188] In some embodiments of the unit 10, the repositioning / shutdown may be based on a programmed logic or a set of instructions dependent on the accelerometer signal. The accelerometer is able to detect a magnitude, direction, and frequency of movement of the solar panel array 40 / unit 10, and an accelerometer signal indicates the detected movement to the controller. Based on the programmed logic or set of instructions, the controller then determines if a repositioning / shutdown of the unit is necessary and if such is the case, will reposition the array 40.

[0189] The programmed logic may mean the controller checks the accelerometer signal against a set of thresholds. For example, the controller may compare the detected magnitude, direction, and / or frequency to any respective threshold(s). The controller may check the accelerometer signal according to a set order or hierarchy, e.g. by first comparing the detected magnitude to a set of magnitude thresholds, then the detected direction against a set of direction thresholds, etc. Such an order / hierarchy may change / be dependent on the thresholds the controller determines are exceeded as each threshold is checked.

[0190] In some embodiments, the controller may initiate a shutdown / repositioning of the unit 10 after the first exceeded threshold. In other embodiments, all thresholds are checked before any repositioning / shutdown, and the unit 10 repositioned so that no thresholds are exceeded and / or based on the worst exceeded threshold.

[0191] A detected magnitude of movement is indicated by the accelerometer signal to the controller. The controller may compare the detected magnitude to a first threshold magnitude and if said threshold magnitude is exceeded, initiate a total shutdown of the unit 10. If the first threshold magnitude is not exceeded, the controller may compare the detected magnitude to a second threshold magnitude and may initiate a partial shutdown if the second threshold is exceeded. The controller may continue to compare the detected magnitude to any number of set threshold magnitudes, e.g. 3rd, 4th, or more threshold magnitudes, for example if the preceding threshold magnitudes were not exceeded, or in order to determine the order / hierarchy of a partial shutdown. If the controller determines that any threshold magnitude is exceeded, the controller may retract any extended sections 40b-e of the array 40 and recheck to determine if that same threshold is still exceeded before any comparisons with further thresholds.

[0192] If the detected magnitude exceeds, e.g., a second, 3rd or 4th threshold magnitude, the controller may check the direction and / or frequency thresholds based on the exceeded threshold(s) before repositioning or initiating a shutdown. The controller may check the direction and / or frequency thresholds when no magnitude threshold is exceeded.

[0193] The controller may compare a direction detected by the accelerometer to a list of set / known directions. For example, the list of directions may comprise the direction to face the sun, the direction the solar array 40 is facing, and / or the direction of an orientation of the unit 10. The controller may then reposition the array 40 based on the detected direction and list of directions. Such a repositioning may reduce risk of damage and / or lower a detected magnitude below an exceeded threshold magnitude. The detected direction may also indicate a risk of toppling of the unit 10. The controller may lower the array 40 and / or initiate a shutdown if the risk of toppling exceeds a threshold risk.

[0194] Additionally or alternatively, the controller may receive the wind direction and reposition the array relative to the sensed wind direction to alter the surface area of the solar array relative (e.g. facing) the wind direction. This could be relative to the forward or rearward facing direction of the solar array.

[0195] Where the detected direction indicates a direction of wind, the controller may rotate the array 40 to be angularly offset from the wind direct or parallel to the wind, if the new direction it faces is within a range of directions not significantly different than the direction facing the sun, i.e. where a reduction in solar power generation due to the rotation is not greater than a threshold reduction value. If such a threshold were to be exceeded, the controller may instead adjust the tilt angle of the array 40.

[0196] The accelerometer signal will indicate to the controller a frequency of any oscillating movement. A frequency of movement similar to a resonant frequency of the unit 10 / array 40 can cause significant damage. The controller may therefore compare the detected frequency to a known resonant frequency or frequencies and if the detected frequency is within a set range of a resonant frequency, the controller may operate to prevent any damage. For example, if the detected frequency matches (i.e. is within a first, narrower range of) a known resonant frequency the controller may initiate a total shutdown. If the detected frequency is within a second, wider range of a resonant frequency, the controller may, e.g., adjust the height of the array 40 to lower the frequency of movement.

[0197] In one example, the controller may compare the accelerometer signal to a set of thresholds in a repositioning / shutdown process determined by the following logic:

[0198] 1 . Comparison of detected magnitude a. to a first threshold magnitude, if exceeded retracting any extended sections of the array and comparing again. If still exceeded, initiating a total shutdown. If not / no longer exceeded, moving to step 1 b. b. to a second threshold magnitude, if exceeded moving to step 2a, otherwise moving to step 3a.

[0199] 2. Comparison of detected direction a. to a threshold toppling risk, if exceeded initiating a total shutdown, otherwise moving to step 2b. b. to a range of acceptable directions, if within that range rotating the array, otherwise tilting the array. Then moving to step 3a.

[0200] 3. Comparison of detected frequency a. to first resonant frequency range(s), if within that range, initiating a total shutdown, otherwise moving to step 3b. b. to second resonant frequency range(s), if within that range, lowering the array, otherwise no (further) repositioning / shutdown is necessary. The unit 10 may be repositioned to a partially deployed position in order to achieve a more aerodynamic profile. Repositioning of the unit 10 to a more aerodynamic profile may protect against wind damage, for example by reducing the windloading forces acting on the solar panel array 40. Such a profile can be achieved by adjusting the solar panel array 40, e.g. by retracting extendable sections, rotating, and / or tilting the array 40. An aerodynamic profile of the partially deployed position may in some cases allow the unit 10 to operate in a similar way as in the deployed position, for example by continuing to track the sun for as long as the aerodynamic profile can be maintained and the risk of damage remains low.

[0201] The partially deployed position shown in Figure 9, for example, may at times operate with full solar-tracking capability. The only difference between such a partially deployed position and the deployed position is therefore the retraction / extension of the extendable sections 40b-e of the solar panel array 40.

[0202] In some partially deployed positions, the unit 10 may operate with partial solartracking capability. For example, where it is necessary for the array 40 to remain at a low tilt angle, the unit 10 may track the sun only by means of rotating the solar array 40.

[0203] In some partially deployed positions, the unit 10 may operate differently than in the deployed position, for example without solar-tracking, such as may be the case where the tilt and rotation angles are 0°, but the extendable sections are extended.

[0204] Operation of the unit 10 by the controller in the deployed position and partially deployed positions may differ and / or vary, and may depend on the conditions experienced by the unit 10. Different operation of the unit 10 in different positions may allow the unit 10 to better prioritise damage prevention and / or better prioritise solar power generation for a particular position. Redeployment of the unit 10 from the partially deployed position or stored position and / or initial deployment of the unit 10 may be done manually by a user input or automatically controlled by the controller.

[0205] During initial deployment, the unit 10 is placed in any suitable location. In normal operation, the unit 10 is then powered on and its orientation is determined by the compass. An indication from the limit switch of the slew ring 24 ensures that the orientation of the solar panel array 40 is also known by the controller. The GPS of the solar tracking system determines the location of the unit 10 and the time. The solar tracking system comprises a dataset comprising sun positions throughout the year. Based on the determined time, location, and dataset, the sun position is determined by the controller and the actuation system is then activated to orient the solar panel array 40 to face the sun and extend the array. Once deployed, the solar panel array 40 then tracks the sun using the solar tracking system. Solar tracking may pause or stop when the solar panel array 40 is repositioned, for example to a partially deployed position or to a stored position. Such a repositioning may occur at a set time, e.g. sunset.

[0206] Subsequent redeployments may occur following the same steps as initial deployment of the unit 10, or may omit some steps, for example it may not be necessary to determine the unit orientation during redeployment. However, this may still be done for simplicity and / or in order to ensure accuracy of the solar tracking system.

[0207] In order to ensure deployment / redeployment of the solar array 40 does not result in a collision with any nearby obstacle or structure, the controller will stop or prevent deployment after receiving a proximity sensor signal. The proximity sensor signal is sent by at least one of the at least one proximity sensor upon detection of such an obstacle or structure.

[0208] If the controller receives the proximity sensor signal before deployment of the array 40, the array 40 will not be moved from its starting (i.e. partially deployed or stored) position. If the proximity sensor signal is received after deployment of the solar array 40 has started, the controller will stop the array 40 and prevent further deployment. In some embodiments, the controller will return the solar array 40 to its starting position after deployment has been stopped or prevented by a proximity sensor signal or any other sensor signal.

[0209] There is also, in some cases, a risk of collision occurring during repositioning of the unit 10 from the deployed position to the stored position or a partially deployed position. Where such a collision will occur, it is preferable for the unit 10 to remain in the deployed position even when there is a risk of damage, as damage resulting from a collision is certain. Upon receiving a proximity sensor signal during repositioning, the controller will therefore stop the repositioning of the solar array 40 and in some embodiments will return the array 40 to the deployed position.

[0210] Proximity sensor signals may also be received by the controller during normal operation of the unit 10 in the deployed or partially deployed positions, after a successful deployment / repositioning has occurred. For example, as may be necessary if an obstacle or structure is moved into close proximity of the unit 10 after deployment. When the controller receives a proximity sensor signal during normal operation, the controller will stop operation of the unit 10 and prevent further operation. The solar panel array 40 may then be left in the stopped position or returned to the starting or stored position.

[0211] A user of the solar power generation unit 10 is able to override controller operation of the unit 10 by user input using the input interface. The input interface allows the user to override controller operation of the unit 10, which may include override of specific functions and / or systems of the unit 10, for example the user may turn off the solar-tracking system. The input interface also allows manual initiation of a shutdown, which may be necessary, for example, in emergency situations.

[0212] Upon receiving a user override signal from the input interface, the controller responds to satisfy the input as soon as possible. For example, if the solartracking system is turned off, it will prevent further solar-tracking until turned on again by the user. If the user initiates a manual shutdown, the controller will cease its current operation and proceed with the shutdown specified by the user.

[0213] Figure 1 1 a shows a side view of one example of the stability ring 45.

[0214] The stability ring 45 comprises a dynamic counterbalance mechanism.

[0215] The inside diameter of the stability ring 45 is much greater than the thickness of the ring 45. In situ, the stability ring 45 is mounted on the roof of the housing 12 and surrounds the slew ring 24, such that the stability ring 45 redistributes forces acting on the slew ring 24.

[0216] The stability ring 45 may comprise a modular construction. The stability ring 24 may comprise a two-part modular construction.

[0217] The dampening mechanism may comprise a plurality of wheels 49. The plurality of wheels 49 may be evenly spaced around the stability ring 45. Alternatively, the plurality of wheels 49 may be strategically placed in areas of most strain.

[0218] Figure 1 1 b shows a close up of the stability ring 45 depicted by section A in Figure 5a.

[0219] One of the wheels 49 of the dampening mechanism is visible.

[0220] The stability ring system may also be referred to as a carousel.

[0221] Figure 5c shows a close up perspective view of the stability ring 45 in situ.

[0222] An outer side of the stability ring may comprise a bottom edge 50. The outer side of the stability ring 45 may house the dampening mechanism. The wheels 49 are located on the outer side of the stability ring 45. The wheels 35 are located above the bottom edge 49 on the outer side of the stability ring 45.

Claims

Claims:1 . A free-standing, transportable renewable energy generation unit comprising: an enclosure housing an electrical system; a solar panel mounted to the enclosure by a support structure, the support structure comprising an angular adjustment mechanism for the solar panel; and a location sensor for determining a current location of the unit, wherein a controller of the angular adjustment mechanism automatically adjusts the angular orientation of the solar panel relative to the unit so as to face the sun based on the current location of the unit.

2. The unit of claim 1 , comprising a deployment mechanism for actuating the solar panel from a retracted condition relative to the enclosure and a deployed condition in which the solar panel is obliquely angled away from the enclosure.

3. The unit of claim 2, wherein the deployment mechanism is comprised in angular adjustment mechanism.

4. The unit of claim 2 or 3, wherein the controller automatically actuates the solar panel from a retracted condition to the deployed condition to face the sun.

5. The unit of any preceding claim, further comprising an orientation sensor for determining a bearing of the unit, wherein the controller automatically adjusts the angular orientation of the solar panel relative to the unit based on the orientation sensor output.

6. The unit of any preceding claim, wherein the angular adjustment mechanism comprises a solar tracking mechanism and the controller automatically adjusts the orientation of the solar panel during daytime to track the position of the sun.

7. The unit of any preceding claim, wherein the angular adjustment mechanism comprises an electric actuator, under the control of the controller.

8. The unit of any preceding claim, wherein the angular adjustment mechanism permits angular adjustment of the solar panel about a plurality of offset or perpendicular axes.

9. The unit of any preceding claim, wherein the angular adjustment mechanism comprises both a swivel adjustment mechanism and an inclination / tilt adjustment mechanism.

10. The unit of claim 9, wherein the swivel adjustment mechanism is mounted atop the enclosure and the inclination adjustment mechanism is mounted on the swivel mechanism such that the swivel mechanism bears the weight of the inclination adjustment mechanism and the solar panel.11 . The unit of claim 9 or 10, wherein the swivel adjustment mechanism and inclination adjustment mechanism have different actuators.

12. The unit of any of claims 9-11 , wherein the swivel adjustment mechanism comprises a rotary actuator and / or the inclination adjustment mechanism comprises a linear actuator.

13. The unit of any preceding claim, wherein the angular adjustment mechanism comprises a linear actuator acting on a point spaced from a hinge of the support structure.

14. The unit of any preceding claim, wherein the angular adjustment mechanism comprises a slew ring.

15. The unit of any preceding claim, comprising a first orientation sensor for the enclosure and a second orientation sensor, the controller being arranged to sense a difference between the orientation of the solar panel and the enclosure based on the difference between the first and second orientation sensor, the controller controlling the orientation of the solar panel based on said difference.

16. The unit of any preceding claim, wherein the location sensor outputs latitude and longitude location data for the unit.

17. The unit of any preceding claim, further comprising a light direction sensor or solar power generation sensor, the controller being further arranged to control orientation of the solar panel in dependence upon said light direction sensor or power generation sensor.

18. The unit of any preceding claim, wherein the controller accesses a clock and calendar or lookup table to determine a path of the sun for that day relative to the location of the unit, the controller determining start and / or end orientations of an angular adjustment scheme for the solar panel for said day.

19. The unit of any preceding claim, wherein the controller determines an initial deployment orientation for the solar panel without human intervention at startup and automatically deploys the solar panel at the determined initial deployment orientation from an at-rest condition.

20. The unit of any preceding claim, comprising a wind sensor, the controller being arranged to automatically adjust the angular orientation of the solar panel in response to the wind speed sensor.21 . The unit of claim 20, wherein the controller retracts or lowers the solar panel upon sensing a wind speed above a predetermined threshold.

22. The unit of any preceding claim, wherein the electrical system comprises an energy store in the enclosure, a charge controller for the energy store arranged to control charging of the energy store by the solar panel, and an inverter.

23. The unit of any preceding claim, wherein the electrical system comprises a combustion engine generator in the enclosure.

24. A controller for a free-standing, transportable renewable energy generation unit having: an enclosure housing an electrical system; a solar panel mounted to the enclosure by a support structure, the support structure comprising an angular adjustment mechanism for the solar panel; an orientation sensor for determining a bearing of the unit and / or a location sensor for determining a current location of the unit; wherein the controller automatically adjusts the angular orientation mechanism to alter the orientation of the solar panel relative to the enclosure so as to face the sun based on the orientation sensor output and / or the current location of the unit.

25. A data carrier or data storage medium comprising machine-readable instructions for operation of the controller in accordance with claim 24.

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