Method and apparatus for pre-compensation-based transmission and reception in non-terrestrial network

Abstract

A first device can receive, from a second device, configuration information related to one or more uplink frames, and the first device can transmit a first uplink signal or a channel in at least one uplink frame from among the one or more uplink frames. For example, a first pre-compensation for the first uplink signal or the channel in the at least one uplink frame can be independent of a second pre-compensation for a second uplink signal or a channel in a section that excludes the at least one uplink frame.

Description

Method and device for pre-compensation-based transmission and reception in non-terrestrial networks

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR, the successor to LTE (long-term evolution), is a new clean-slate mobile communications system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 can represent an example of the requirements of a 6G system.

[0004] Maximum data rate per device: 1 Tbps, E2E latency: 1 ms, Maximum spectral efficiency: 100 bps / Hz, Mobility support: Up to 1000 km / hr, Satellite integration: Fully AI, Fully autonomous driving, Fully XR, Fully haptic communication

[0005] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided. For example, the method may include at least one of: receiving, by a first device, configuration information related to one or more uplink frames from a second device; and / or transmitting, by the first device, a first uplink signal or channel in at least one uplink frame of the one or more uplink frames. For example, a first pre-compensation for the first uplink signal or channel in the at least one uplink frame may be independent of a second pre-compensation for a second uplink signal or channel in a period other than the at least one uplink frame.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device to perform operations based on execution by the at least one processor. For example, the operations may include at least one of: receiving, from a second device, configuration information related to one or more uplink frames; and / or transmitting a first uplink signal or channel in at least one uplink frame of the one or more uplink frames. For example, a first pre-compensation for the first uplink signal or channel in the at least one uplink frame may be independent of a second pre-compensation for a second uplink signal or channel in a period other than the at least one uplink frame.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause a first device to perform an operation based on execution by the at least one processor. For example, the operation may include at least one of: receiving, from a second device, configuration information related to one or more uplink frames; and / or transmitting a first uplink signal or channel in at least one uplink frame of the one or more uplink frames. For example, a first pre-compensation for the first uplink signal or channel in the at least one uplink frame may be independent of a second pre-compensation for a second uplink signal or channel in a period other than the at least one uplink frame.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, upon execution, may cause a first device to perform an operation. For example, the operation may include at least one of: receiving, from a second device, configuration information related to one or more uplink frames; and / or transmitting a first uplink signal or channel in at least one uplink frame of the one or more uplink frames. For example, a first pre-compensation for the first uplink signal or channel in the at least one uplink frame may be independent of a second pre-compensation for a second uplink signal or channel in a period other than the at least one uplink frame.

[0009] Figure 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0010] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0011] FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate a non-terrestrial network scenario according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a common TA (timing advance) and a terminal-specific TA according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of an orbital parameter orbital format according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 11 illustrates a method for a first device to perform wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 12 illustrates a method for a second device to perform wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 13 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 14 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 15 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 16 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 17 illustrates a mobile device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] In this disclosure, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, "A or B" in this disclosure can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, "A, B or C" in this disclosure can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0027] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C."

[0028] In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B.”

[0029] Additionally, in the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0030] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0031] In the following explanation, ‘when, if, in case of’ can be replaced with ‘based on’.

[0032] Technical features individually described in one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0033] In the present disclosure, higher layer parameters may be parameters set for the terminal, preset, or predefined. For example, a base station or network may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0034] In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, DCI (downlink control information), etc.) from a base station or a network. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), device-to-device signaling control information, etc.) from another device. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device.

[0035] In the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell / node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0036] The technology proposed in the present disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0037] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0038] FIG. 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0039] Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, a first device and a second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device can be a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device can be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node / cell, a TRP, a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device can perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device can detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted by the second device according to a predefined rule. Here, for example, the synchronization signal can include a plurality of synchronization signals classified according to a structure or purpose (e.g., a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal, etc.). Through this, the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and / or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., a cell identifier).

[0040] In step S103, the first device can obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the properties, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the second device required to connect to the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting system information before receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of system information may be performed after a random access procedure described below.

[0041] In step S105, the first device and the second device can perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device can transmit and / or receive at least one message (e.g., a random access preamble, a random access response message, etc.) for the random access procedure based on information related to a random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device can transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, the first device can receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2), the first device can transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) including information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device can receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgA), and / or Msg2 and Msg4 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgB).

[0042] In step S107, the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer that controls a connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer that handles mapping between logical channels and transport channels (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), a layer that handles physical channels (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer), etc. For example, the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling for establishing a connection, signaling for determining settings related to communication, and / or signaling for indicating allocated resources. For example, the control information may be signaled / transmitted via a control channel. For example, the control information and / or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and / or control information on the data channel.

[0043] In step S109, the first device and the second device may transmit and / or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device may process, transmit, and / or receive data based on signaling of control information. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and / or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, waveform demodulation for each antenna, signal arrangement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and / or channel decoding.

[0044] For example, the layers of a radio interface protocol between a first device and a second device can be divided into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, a physical layer belonging to the first layer can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and an RRC (radio resource control) layer located in the third layer can play a role in controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. For this purpose, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

[0045] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. For example, (a) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and (b) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, (c) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for device-to-device communication, and (d) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for device-to-device communication.

[0046] For example, the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using physical channels. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the medium access control (MAC) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted between different physical layers, for example, between the physical layers of a first device and a second device, through a physical channel. For example, the physical channel can be modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and time and frequency can be utilized as radio resources.

[0047] For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, through logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a mapping function from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a logical channel multiplexing function by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services on logical channels.

[0048] For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee the various quality of service (QoS) required by radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer can provide three operating modes: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0049] For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer can be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer can be responsible for controlling logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, re-configuration, and release of radio bearers. For example, an RB can mean a logical path provided by a first layer (e.g., a physical layer) and a second layer (e.g., a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, a SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transmission between a first device and a second device.

[0050] For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include forwarding of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include forwarding of control plane data and ciphering / integrity protection.

[0051] For example, establishing an RB can refer to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and channel to provide a specific service, and setting specific parameters and operating methods for each. For example, RBs can be divided into two types: signaling radio bearers (SRBs) and data radio bearers (DRBs). For example, SRBs can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, while DRBs can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0052] For example, a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information, and / or a downlink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, traffic or control messages of a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted through the downlink SCH, or may be transmitted through a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages, and / or an uplink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, a logical channel located above a transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and / or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0053] FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0054] Referring to FIG. 3, for example, a radio frame may be used in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and / or device-to-device transmission. For example, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame may include five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined according to a subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols, depending on a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0055] For example, when normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. For example, when extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols can contain OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0056] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP or extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot) is an example.

[0057] CP type SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot Normal CP15kHz (u=0)1410130kHz (u=1)1420260kHz (u=2)14404120kHz (u=3)14808240kHz (u=4)1416016Extended CP60kHz (u=2)12404

[0058] For example, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of time resources (e.g., subframes, slots, or transmit time intervals (TTIs)) composed of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells. For example, in the present disclosure, time resources such as subframes, slots, TTIs, etc. may be referred to as time units.

[0059] For example, multiple numerologies, or SCSs, may be supported to support various services. For example, a 15 kHz SCS may support wide areas in traditional cellular bands, while a 30 kHz / 60 kHz SCS may support dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth. For example, a 60 kHz or higher SCS may support bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0060] FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0061] Referring to FIG. 4, for example, a slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain, and may correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier may include at most N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication may be performed through an activated BWP. For example, each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol may be mapped to it.

[0062] For example, a BWP may be a contiguous set of PRBs in a given numerology. For example, a PRB may be selected from a contiguous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0063] For example, the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, the UE may not monitor the downlink radio link quality in a DL BWP other than the active DL BWP on the PCell (primary cell). For example, the UE may not receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), or a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) (except for radio resource management (RRM)) outside of the active DL BWP. For example, the UE may not trigger channel state information (CSI) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, the UE may not transmit a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) outside of the active UL BWP. For example, for downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a set of consecutive resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For uplink, for example, the initial BWP can be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be set by a higher layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP.For energy saving, if a terminal does not detect DCI (downlink control information) for a certain period of time, the terminal may switch its active BWP to a default BWP.

[0064] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0065] Referring to FIG. 5, for example, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. For example, point A may indicate a common reference point for a resource block grid.

[0066] For example, BWP is point A, offset from point A (N start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP ) can be set by. For example, point A can be an outer reference point of the PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) aligns. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0067] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0068] As core implementation technologies of the 6G system, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free-space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0069] - Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. AI can also facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0070] - THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidths and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz spectrum for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) the widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates and (ii) the high path loss that occurs at high frequencies (requiring highly directional antennas). The narrow beamwidths generated by highly directional antennas reduce interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a significantly larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.

[0071] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0072] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0073] - Optical wireless technology

[0074] - Free-space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0075] - Quantum communication

[0076] - Cell-free communication

[0077] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0078] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0079] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0080] - Big data analysis

[0081] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0082] - metaverse

[0083] - Blockchain

[0084] Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing urban air mobility (UAM), regional air mobility (RAM), and uncrewed aerial systems (UAS). For example, AAM can include UAM, RAM, UAS, and uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs).

[0085] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle to vehicle (V2V) wireless communication and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication.

[0086] Non-terrestrial network (NTN): NTN can refer to a network or network segment that utilizes radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on satellites (or UAS platforms). NTN services may be considered to secure wider coverage or provide wireless communication services in locations where the installation of wireless communication base stations is difficult.

[0087] - Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment.

[0088] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS): RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in wireless communication environments. For example, a RIS can be composed of many small antennas, or metasurfaces, arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc. of the reflected signal. For example, a RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and / or intensity of the propagating signal. For example, in the case of a RIS, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For example, because a RIS can be reconfigured to suit different environments, it can meet diverse communication requirements and operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

[0089] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0090] Referring to FIG. 7, NTN communication can be performed based on satellite networks, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) as international mobile telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS), and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs). For example, to improve coverage, etc., devices such as satellite networks, HIBS, and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with a base station, a satellite network, etc., and / or an AAM can communicate directly with a terminal, another AAM, etc.

[0091] Figures 8a and 8b illustrate a non-terrestrial network scenario according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiments of Figures 8a and 8b may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0092] Figure 8a illustrates a non-terrestrial network scenario based on a transparent payload, and Figure 8b illustrates a non-terrestrial network scenario based on a regenerative payload. For example, a non-terrestrial network may typically include the following elements:

[0093] - One or more satellite gateways connecting non-terrestrial networks to public data networks.

[0094] - Feeder link or wireless link between the satellite gateway and the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0095] - Service link or wireless link between user equipment and satellite (or UAS platform)

[0096] - A satellite (or UAS platform) capable of implementing transparent or regenerative (including onboard processing) payloads. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) may generate multiple beams over a given service area, typically bounded by a field of view. For example, the beam footprint may be typically elliptical in shape. For example, the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) may vary depending on the onboard antenna diagram and minimum elevation angle. For example, for transparent payloads, radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification may be performed. Therefore, the repetitive waveform signal in the payload may remain unchanged. For example, for regenerative payloads, radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification, as well as demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation may be performed. This may effectively be equivalent to onboarding all base station functions onto the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0097] - Optionally, inter-satellite link (ISL)

[0098] - User equipment can be serviced by satellites (or UAS platforms) within the target service area.

[0099] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a common timing advance (TA) and a terminal-specific TA according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0100] Referring to FIG. 9, a terminal-specific TA can be acquired to compensate for transmission delay for a service link, and a common TA can be acquired to compensate for transmission delay between a reference point (RP) and a satellite.

[0101] For example, in an NTN-based communication system, a terminal can calculate a TA based on its global navigation satellite system (GNSS) capability (e.g., terminal position) and orbit-related upper layer parameters transmitted from a base station, and this is called a terminal-specific TA (N UE TA,adj ) can be referred to as a common TA. For example, if orbit-related upper layer parameters are not received from the base station, the terminal-specific TA can be set to 0. For example, a TA obtained based on common TA parameters (e.g., TACommon, TACommonDrift, and / or TACommonDriftVariation), which are upper layer parameters transmitted from the base station, can be referred to as a common TA (N common TA,adj ) can be referred to as a common TA parameter. For example, if the common TA parameter is not transmitted from the base station, the common TA can be set to 0. Accordingly, for example, in an NTN-based communication system, the overall TA value (T TA ) is "(N TA + N TA,offset + N common TA,adj + N UE TA,adj )*T c " can be obtained as, for example, N TA,offset may mean the TA offset value provided to the terminal for each serving cell, and N TA may mean a value obtained based on a timing advance command.

[0102] For example, the terminal may receive satellite orbit information via system information and / or RRC signaling. For example, the satellite orbit information may be implemented / supported in a position and velocity state vector orbit format and / or an orbital parameter orbit format. For example, the position and velocity state vector orbit format may be configured with less than 17 bytes (e.g., 132 bits). For example, the field size for position (x, y, z)(m) may be 78 bits, and the field size for velocity (vx, vy, vz)(m / s) may be 54 bits. For example, the orbital parameter orbit format may be configured with less than 21 bytes (e.g., 164 bits).

[0103] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of an orbital parameter orbit format according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0104] Referring to Figure 10, information related to the orbital parameters orbit format (e.g., ephemeris information) includes semi-major axis "α" (e.g., 33 bits) [m], eccentricity "e" (in an elliptical satellite orbit, 0 <e<1) (예, 20 비트), 근점 편각(argument of periapsis) "ω"(예, 28 비트) [rad], 승교점 경도(longitude of ascending node) "Ω" (예, 28 비트) [rad], (궤도) 경사(inclination) "i" (예, 27 비트) [rad], 및 / 또는 평균 근점 이각(mean anomaly) "M0" = 에포크 t0 [JD]에서 M(t0) (예, 28 비트) [rad] 중 적어도 어느 하나를 포함할 수 있다.

[0105] Recently, research on non-terrestrial networks (NTNs), which utilize satellites, drones, and other network nodes, has been actively conducted in the mobile communications field. For example, satellites in NTNs can be broadly categorized into geosynchronous orbit (GSO) satellites and non-GSO (NGSO) satellites. Furthermore, satellites can be categorized based on their altitude into low Earth orbit (LEO), medium Earth orbit (MEO), and high Earth orbit (HEO). In the mobile communications field, LEO-based NTN support methods, which offer relatively low costs and high data rates, are primarily being studied. However, LEO satellites are NGSO satellites and, due to their close proximity to the Earth, require extremely high orbital speeds to maintain their orbit. Therefore, to provide services to terrestrial terminals via LEO satellites, pre- and / or post-compensation for the long time delays and / or Doppler shifts due to high relative velocities at high altitudes is required.

[0106] Here, the pre-compensation for the time delay and / or Doppler shift can be performed at the base station (or network) or at the terminal. For example, the base station (or network) can pre-compensate for the time delay and / or Doppler shift based on the location information of a (specific) service target point (hereinafter referred to as a reference point) on the surface of the earth. For example, the terminal can pre-compensate for the time delay and / or Doppler shift based on the location information of a satellite. For example, the base station (or network) can derive and provide the time delay and / or Doppler shift values ​​that the terminal needs to pre-compensate for based on the location information of the reference point, and the terminal can apply the pre-compensation based on the information. Here, the non-terrestrial network can support one or more pre-compensation methods, and pre-compensation must be performed according to a process agreed upon between the base station (or network node) and the terminal for each pre-compensation method. In view of the above, the present disclosure proposes a method and device for supporting pre-compensation based transmission and reception in terrestrial and / or non-terrestrial networks.

[0107] The proposed method(s) of the present disclosure are described below as examples of a non-terrestrial network, but the proposed method(s) of the present disclosure can be extended and applied to a terrestrial network as well.

[0108] [Proposal #01] In a terrestrial and / or non-terrestrial network, a base station and / or a network node and / or a satellite may transmit to a terminal one or more of the following information as system information related to pre-compensation for time delay and / or Doppler shift.

[0109] (1) Whether pre-compensation (related to time delay and / or Doppler shift) is applied to downlink and / or uplink signals / channels.

[0110] (2) Pre-compensation method (related to time delay and / or Doppler shift) for downlink and / or uplink signals / channels.

[0111] (3) Pre-compensated and / or pre-compensated values ​​(related to time delay and / or Doppler shift) for downlink and / or uplink signals / channels.

[0112] (4) Auxiliary information for pre-compensation (related to time delay and / or Doppler shift) for downlink and / or uplink signals / channels.

[0113] (5) Valid time and / or validity timer of pre-compensation (related to time delay and / or Doppler shift) for downlink and / or uplink signals / channels.

[0114] Here, for example, the entity performing the time delay and / or Doppler shift related pre-compensation may be a base station and / or a network node and / or a satellite and / or a terminal. Here, for example, the downlink signal / channel and / or the uplink signal / channel may mean a channel for initial access. For example, the downlink signal / channel and / or the uplink signal / channel may mean a synchronization signal / block and / or a random access channel (RACH), etc. Here, for example, the auxiliary information for the pre-compensation may mean location information of the base station and / or the network node and / or the satellite and / or ephemeris information and / or altitude and / or service beam angle and / or altitude angle and / or service radius / reference point and / or location information related to the service radius / reference point, etc. Here, for example, the pre-compensation method may be a method that is differentiated depending on whether location information is utilized, and a terminal that cannot utilize location information may not be able to support the configured / indicated (specific) pre-compensation method and may not be permitted to access the corresponding non-terrestrial network. Here, for example, if the downlink signal / channel and / or uplink signal / channel is a channel for initial access, transmission resource settings may be applied differently depending on the pre-compensation method.

[0115] For example, in a non-terrestrial network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, assume that a base station (or network) can serve ground and / or air terminals based on the non-terrestrial network. For example, in the non-terrestrial network, the base station (or network) can support downlink and / or uplink transmission to ground and / or air terminals via satellite. Here, the downlink and / or uplink channels of the non-terrestrial network may experience significant time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift due to the high altitude and / or high mobility of the satellite. Here, the non-terrestrial network must be able to effectively (pre- and / or post-) compensate for the time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift.

[0116] Here, the pre-compensation for the time delay and / or Doppler shift can be performed at the base station (or network) or at the terminal. For example, the base station (or network) can pre-compensate for the time delay and / or Doppler shift based on the location information of a (specific) service target point (hereinafter referred to as a reference point) on the surface of the earth. For example, the terminal can pre-compensate for the time delay and / or Doppler shift based on the location information of a satellite. For example, the base station (or network) can derive and provide the time delay and / or Doppler shift values ​​that the terminal needs to pre-compensate for based on the location information of the reference point, and the terminal can apply the pre-compensation based on the information. Here, the non-terrestrial network can support one or more pre-compensation methods, and pre-compensation must be performed according to a process agreed upon between the base station (or network node) and the terminal for each pre-compensation method.

[0117] Accordingly, in the present disclosure, in a terrestrial and / or non-terrestrial network, a base station and / or a network node and / or a satellite may transmit to a terminal one or more of the following information as system information related to time delay and / or Doppler shift related pre-compensation.

[0118] (1) Whether pre-compensation (related to time delay and / or Doppler shift) is applied to downlink and / or uplink signals / channels.

[0119] (2) Pre-compensation method (related to time delay and / or Doppler shift) for downlink and / or uplink signals / channels.

[0120] (3) Pre-compensated and / or pre-compensated values ​​(related to time delay and / or Doppler shift) for downlink and / or uplink signals / channels.

[0121] (4) Auxiliary information for pre-compensation (related to time delay and / or Doppler shift) for downlink and / or uplink signals / channels.

[0122] (5) Valid time and / or validity timer of pre-compensation (related to time delay and / or Doppler shift) for downlink and / or uplink signals / channels.

[0123] Here, for example, when a base station and / or a network node and / or a satellite sets and / or indicates pre-compensation information related to time delay and / or Doppler shift to be applied when a terminal transmits an uplink signal / channel, information regarding the time for which the pre-compensation information is valid may be additionally provided. For example, when deriving the pre-compensation information, the base station and / or the network node and / or the satellite may utilize relative position information between a specific reference point position on the Earth's surface and the satellite. Here, for example, since LEO satellites and the like move along an orbit, the relative position information may be information that changes over time. Therefore, the pre-compensation information may be valid only when the change in the relative position information is within a certain period of time and / or a timer.

[0124] According to the proposed method of the present disclosure, there is an advantage in that multiple time delay and / or Doppler shift related pre-compensation methods can be supported in terrestrial and / or non-terrestrial networks, and time delay and / or Doppler shift related pre-compensation can be performed according to a method promised and / or agreed upon between a base station and / or a network node and / or a satellite and a terminal.

[0125] The above [Proposal #01] can be applied in combination with other proposed methods(s) to the extent that the proposed actions do not conflict.

[0126] [Proposal #02] In a terrestrial and / or non-terrestrial network, a base station and / or a network node and / or a satellite can set and / or instruct a terminal about pre-compensation information related to time delay and / or Doppler shift for a (specific) downlink and / or uplink signal / channel and / or a valid time of the (corresponding) pre-compensation information, and the terminal can perform reception and / or transmission only within a time period in which the pre-compensation information is valid among transmission resource(s) and / or transmission opportunity(s) scheduled and / or set for the downlink and / or uplink signal / channel. Here, for example, the entity performing the pre-compensation related to time delay and / or Doppler shift may be a base station and / or a network node and / or a satellite and / or a terminal. Here, for example, the downlink signal / channel and / or the uplink signal / channel may mean a channel for initial access. For example, the downlink signal / channel and / or uplink signal / channel may mean a synchronization signal / channel / block and / or a random access channel (RACH), etc. Here, for example, the pre-compensation information may mean information on which a base station and / or a network node and / or a satellite has performed pre-compensation and / or information that can be utilized when a terminal performs pre-compensation.

[0127] For example, in a non-terrestrial network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, assume that a base station (or network) can serve ground and / or air terminals based on the non-terrestrial network. For example, in the non-terrestrial network, the base station (or network) can support downlink and / or uplink transmission to ground and / or air terminals via satellite. Here, the downlink and / or uplink channels of the non-terrestrial network may experience significant time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift due to the high altitude and / or high mobility of the satellite. Here, the non-terrestrial network must be able to effectively (pre- and / or post-) compensate for the time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift.

[0128] Here, time delay and / or Doppler shift pre-compensation information at a specific point in time may become invalid over time. For example, low-Earth orbit satellites, such as LEO satellites, move at high speeds, so after a certain period of time, pre-compensation information may no longer be valid for the current satellite position.

[0129] Accordingly, in the present disclosure, a base station and / or a network node and / or a satellite in a terrestrial and / or non-terrestrial network can set and / or instruct a terminal about time delay and / or Doppler shift related pre-compensation information and / or a valid time of (the) pre-compensation information for a (specific) downlink and / or uplink signal / channel, and the terminal can perform reception and / or transmission only within a time period during which the pre-compensation information is valid among transmission resource(s) and / or transmission opportunity(s) scheduled and / or set for the downlink and / or uplink signal / channel.

[0130] Here, for example, when a base station and / or a network node and / or a satellite sets and / or instructs a terminal about pre-compensation information related to time delay and / or Doppler shift for downlink and / or uplink signals / channels, information about a time interval and / or a timer during which the pre-compensation information is valid may be additionally provided. Here, for example, the terminal may perform downlink reception and / or uplink transmission based on the pre-compensation information within the time interval during which the pre-compensation information is valid and / or before the validity-related timer expires. For example, the base station and / or the network node and / or the satellite may provide the terminal with pre-compensation information to be applied when transmitting RACH, along with information about a time interval and / or a timer during which the pre-compensation information is valid, as system information, and the terminal may perform RACH transmission only in a RACH opportunity (RO) during which the pre-compensation information is valid.

[0131] According to the proposed method of the present disclosure, multiple time delay and / or Doppler shift pre-compensation schemes can be supported in terrestrial and / or non-terrestrial networks, and time delay and / or Doppler shift pre-compensation can be performed according to a method agreed upon and / or agreed upon between a base station and / or network node and / or satellite and a terminal. In addition, by specifying the time interval during which the time delay and / or Doppler shift pre-compensation is valid, transmission based on expired and / or invalid pre-compensation information and resulting degradation of system performance can be prevented.

[0132] The above [Proposal #02] can be applied in combination with other proposed methods(s) to the extent that the proposed actions do not conflict.

[0133] [Proposal #03] In a terrestrial and / or non-terrestrial network, a base station and / or a network node and / or a satellite can set and / or instruct a terminal to apply one or more of the following TA (timing advance) methods for a (specific) uplink signal / channel.

[0134] (1) TA not applied and / or zero TA applied

[0135] (2) Application of location information-based TA

[0136] (3) Application of TA based on pre-compensation information related to time delay and / or Doppler shift

[0137] Here, for example, the entity performing the time delay and / or Doppler shift related pre-compensation may be a base station and / or a network node and / or a satellite and / or a terminal. Here, for example, the (specific) uplink signal / channel may mean a channel for initial access. For example, the (specific) uplink signal / channel may mean a random access channel (RACH), etc. Here, for example, the pre-compensation information may mean information on which the base station and / or the network node and / or the satellite performed pre-compensation and / or information that can be utilized when the terminal performs pre-compensation. Here, for example, the location information may mean location information on the base station and / or the network node and / or the satellite and / or the terminal and / or a (service target) specific reference point.

[0138] For example, in a non-terrestrial network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, assume that a base station (or network) can serve ground and / or air terminals based on the non-terrestrial network. For example, in the non-terrestrial network, the base station (or network) can support downlink and / or uplink transmission to ground and / or air terminals via satellite. Here, the downlink and / or uplink channels of the non-terrestrial network may experience significant time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift due to the high altitude and / or high mobility of the satellite. Here, the non-terrestrial network must be able to effectively (pre- and / or post-) compensate for the time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift.

[0139] Here, for example, there may be more than one pre-compensation method related to the time delay. For example, when transmitting an uplink signal / channel, pre-compensation for the time delay may be applied in the form of advancing a UL frame boundary relative to a DL frame boundary from the perspective of a terminal (e.g., timing advance (TA)). Or, for example, when transmitting an uplink signal / channel, pre-compensation for the time delay may be applied in the form of delaying a UL frame boundary relative to a DL frame boundary from the perspective of a base station and / or a network node and / or a satellite (e.g., timing retreat (TR)). Here, when pre-compensating for the time delay at the base station and / or a network node and / or a satellite, application of TA to the remaining time delay excluding the pre-compensated time delay should be considered from the perspective of a terminal.

[0140] Accordingly, in the present disclosure, a base station and / or a network node and / or a satellite in a terrestrial and / or non-terrestrial network can set and / or instruct a terminal to apply one or more of the following TA (timing advance) methods for a (specific) uplink signal / channel.

[0141] (1) TA not applied and / or zero TA applied

[0142] (2) Application of location information-based TA

[0143] (3) Application of TA based on pre-compensation information related to time delay and / or Doppler shift

[0144] For example, if the base station (or network) performs time delay-related pre-compensation (e.g., delaying the UL frame boundary relative to the DL frame boundary in the base station (or network), the terminal may be allowed to not apply TA and / or apply zero TA when transmitting an initial access channel (e.g., RACH) in the uplink. In this case, for example, there may be a residual TA value other than the pre-compensated TA, but it may be within a range that allows normal reception depending on the design of the initial access channel. Here, for example, if the above-described TA not-application and / or zero TA application is allowed, there is an advantage in that the terminal can start the initial access process without receiving satellite ephemeris information, etc. Alternatively, for example, the terminal may be configured / instructed to apply TA by utilizing satellite and / or terminal location information. In this case, for example, the terminal may need to have terminal capabilities for utilizing location information (e.g., GNSS support, etc.). As another example, the base station (or network) may provide information that requires the terminal to pre-compensate for time delay and / or Doppler shift. In such a case, for example, the base station (or network) may configure and / or instruct the terminal to reflect the provided pre-compensation information and apply TA for the remaining remaining time delay.

[0145] According to the proposed method of the present disclosure, there is an advantage in that multiple TA application methods can be supported in terrestrial and / or non-terrestrial networks, and TA application methods can be performed according to a method promised and / or agreed upon between a base station and / or a network node and / or a satellite and a terminal.

[0146] The above [Proposal #03] can be applied in combination with other proposed methods(s) to the extent that the proposed actions do not conflict.

[0147] [Proposal #4] In a terrestrial and / or non-terrestrial network, a base station and / or a network node and / or a satellite may provide a pre-compensation value and / or a calculation formula and / or calculation formula-related parameter information for a time delay (between satellite and terminal) to a terminal, and the terminal may calculate and / or apply and / or report a residual TA (timing advance) excluding the pre-compensated time delay by utilizing the pre-compensation value and / or the calculation formula and / or the calculation formula-related parameter information (between satellite and terminal). Here, for example, the base station and / or the network node and / or the satellite may support the pre-compensation for the time delay in the form of shifting the UL frame boundary compared to the DL. Here, for example, the base station and / or the network node and / or the satellite may assume a specific reference point as the location of the terminal, and may calculate information about the pre-compensation value and / or the calculation formula and / or the calculation formula-related parameter information for the time delay. Here, for example, the reference point location information may also be provided to the terminal.

[0148] For example, in a non-terrestrial network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, assume that a base station (or network) can serve ground and / or air terminals based on the non-terrestrial network. For example, in the non-terrestrial network, the base station (or network) can support downlink and / or uplink transmission to ground and / or air terminals via satellite. Here, the downlink and / or uplink channels of the non-terrestrial network may experience significant time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift due to the high altitude and / or high mobility of the satellite. Here, the non-terrestrial network must be able to effectively (pre- and / or post-) compensate for the time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift.

[0149] Here, for example, there may be more than one pre-compensation method related to the time delay. For example, when transmitting an uplink signal / channel, pre-compensation for the time delay may be applied in the form of advancing a UL frame boundary relative to a DL frame boundary from the perspective of a terminal (e.g., timing advance (TA)). Or, for example, when transmitting an uplink signal / channel, pre-compensation for the time delay may be applied in the form of delaying a UL frame boundary relative to a DL frame boundary from the perspective of a base station and / or a network node and / or a satellite (e.g., timing retreat (TR)). Here, when pre-compensating for the time delay at the base station and / or a network node and / or a satellite, application of TA to the remaining time delay excluding the pre-compensated time delay should be considered from the perspective of a terminal. Here, the time delay may be a value that varies over time, and therefore, it may be desirable for pre-compensation for the time delay from the base station and / or network node and / or satellite perspective to be provided in the form of a pre-compensation value and / or a calculation formula and / or parameter information related to the calculation formula so that the variation over time can be predicted.

[0150] Accordingly, in the present disclosure, a base station and / or a network node and / or a satellite in a terrestrial and / or non-terrestrial network can provide a terminal with a pre-compensation value and / or a calculation formula and / or calculation formula-related parameter information for a satellite-to-terminal time delay, and the terminal can use the pre-compensation value and / or the calculation formula and / or the calculation formula-related parameter information for a satellite-to-terminal link to calculate and / or apply and / or report a residual TA (timing advance) excluding the pre-compensated time delay. For example, the time delay for the satellite-to-terminal link can be pre-compensated by the base station and / or the network node and / or the satellite and the terminal, respectively. Here, for example, the base station and / or the network node and / or the satellite can support the pre-compensation for the time delay in the form of shifting a UL frame boundary compared to a DL frame boundary.

[0151] According to the proposed method of the present disclosure, the time delay between satellites and terminals in terrestrial and / or non-terrestrial networks can be shared by the base station and / or network node and / or the satellite and terminal, thereby minimizing the impact of changes in time delay due to satellite movement. For example, it is expected to support the application of technologies for wide-area coverage communications, such as orthogonal cover codes and / or reference signal combining.

[0152] The above [Proposal #04] can be applied in combination with other proposed methods as long as the proposed actions do not conflict.

[0153] [Proposal #05] In a terrestrial and / or non-terrestrial network, a base station and / or a network node and / or a satellite can (pre-)configure and / or instruct and / or define one or more uplink frames and / or frame boundaries for an uplink signal / channel to a terminal, and the base station and / or the network node and / or the satellite can (pre-)configure and / or instruct and / or define an uplink frame and / or frame boundary to be applied by the terminal for each uplink signal / channel. Here, for example, at least one of the uplink frames and / or frame boundaries may be a (common) uplink frame and / or frame boundary commonly utilized by one or more uplink signal / channel(s). Here, for example, at least one of the uplink frames and / or frame boundaries may be a (dedicated) uplink frame and / or frame boundary for transmitting an initial access channel and / or a random access channel (e.g., a RACH (random access channel)) during an initial access.

[0154] For example, in a non-terrestrial network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, assume that a base station (or network) can serve ground and / or air terminals based on the non-terrestrial network. For example, in the non-terrestrial network, the base station (or network) can support downlink and / or uplink transmission to ground and / or air terminals via satellite. Here, the downlink and / or uplink channels of the non-terrestrial network may experience significant time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift due to the high altitude and / or high mobility of the satellite. Here, the non-terrestrial network must be able to effectively (pre- and / or post-) compensate for the time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift.

[0155] Here, for example, there may be more than one pre-compensation scheme related to the time delay. For example, when transmitting an uplink signal / channel, pre-compensation for the time delay may be applied in the form of advancing the UL frame boundary relative to the DL frame boundary from the perspective of the terminal (e.g., timing advance (TA)). Alternatively, for example, when transmitting an uplink signal / channel, pre-compensation for the time delay may be applied in the form of delaying the UL frame boundary relative to the DL frame boundary from the perspective of the base station and / or network node and / or satellite (e.g., timing retreat (TR)). Here, when the time delay is pre-compensated at the base station and / or network node and / or satellite, the application of TA to the remaining time delay excluding the pre-compensated time delay must be considered from the perspective of the terminal. Here, when more than one pre-compensation scheme is applied, the TA value / range to be applied to each uplink signal / channel may be different from the perspective of the terminal, and the uplink frame and / or frame boundary may be interpreted differently accordingly.

[0156] Accordingly, in the present disclosure, a base station and / or a network node and / or a satellite in a terrestrial and / or non-terrestrial network can (pre-)configure and / or instruct and / or define one or more uplink frames and / or frame boundaries for an uplink signal / channel to a terminal, and the base station and / or the network node and / or the satellite can (pre-)configure and / or instruct and / or define an uplink frame and / or frame boundary to be applied by the terminal for each uplink signal / channel. Here, for example, at least one of the uplink frames and / or frame boundaries may be a (common) uplink frame and / or frame boundary commonly utilized by one or more uplink signal / channel(s). Here, for example, at least one of the uplink frames and / or frame boundaries may be a (dedicated) uplink frame and / or frame boundary for transmitting an initial access channel and / or a random access channel (e.g., a random access channel (RACH)) during initial access.

[0157] When terrestrial and / or non-terrestrial networks support multiple time delay and / or Doppler shift pre-compensation schemes, problems can arise when different TAs are applied to a single frame. For example, when different TAs are applied to the same frame, the uplink signal arrival times of terminals may be misaligned, resulting in time alignment failures in the network, potentially resulting in interference, demodulation errors, retransmission errors, and other issues.

[0158] According to the proposed method of the present disclosure, it is possible to support multiple time delay and / or Doppler shift related pre-compensation schemes in terrestrial and / or non-terrestrial networks, and by clearly setting and / or indicating uplink frames and / or frame boundaries according to the pre-compensation schemes for each uplink signal / channel, there is an advantage in that uplink signals / channels to which different pre-compensation schemes are applied can be effectively supported.

[0159] The above [Proposal #05] can be applied in combination with other proposed methods(s) to the extent that the proposed actions do not conflict.

[0160] [Proposal #06] In a terrestrial and / or non-terrestrial network, a base station and / or a network node and / or a satellite can (pre-)configure and / or instruct and / or define one or more uplink frames and / or frame boundaries for uplink signals / channels to a terminal, and when the base station and / or the network node and / or the satellite and / or the terminal determines a first transmission resource based on a first uplink frame and / or frame boundary, the second transmission resource scheduled and / or configured based on a second uplink frame and / or frame boundary can be excluded from the first transmission resource. Here, for example, at least one of the uplink frames and / or frame boundaries can be a (common) uplink frame and / or frame boundary that one or more uplink signal / channel(s) commonly utilize. Here, for example, at least one of the uplink frames and / or frame boundaries may be a (dedicated) uplink frame and / or frame boundary for transmission of an initial access channel and / or a random access channel (e.g., a random access channel (RACH)) during initial access. Here, for example, the first uplink frame and / or frame boundary may be a (common) uplink frame and / or frame boundary, and the second uplink frame and / or frame boundary may be a (dedicated) uplink frame and / or frame boundary.

[0161] For example, in a non-terrestrial network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, assume that a base station (or network) can serve ground and / or air terminals based on the non-terrestrial network. For example, in the non-terrestrial network, the base station (or network) can support downlink and / or uplink transmission to ground and / or air terminals via satellite. Here, the downlink and / or uplink channels of the non-terrestrial network may experience significant time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift due to the high altitude and / or high mobility of the satellite. Here, the non-terrestrial network must be able to effectively (pre- and / or post-) compensate for the time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift.

[0162] Here, for example, there may be more than one pre-compensation scheme related to the time delay. For example, when transmitting an uplink signal / channel, pre-compensation for the time delay may be applied in the form of advancing the UL frame boundary relative to the DL frame boundary from the perspective of the terminal (e.g., timing advance (TA)). Alternatively, for example, when transmitting an uplink signal / channel, pre-compensation for the time delay may be applied in the form of delaying the UL frame boundary relative to the DL frame boundary from the perspective of the base station and / or network node and / or satellite (e.g., timing retreat (TR)). Here, when the time delay is pre-compensated at the base station and / or network node and / or satellite, the application of TA to the remaining time delay excluding the pre-compensated time delay must be considered from the perspective of the terminal. Here, when more than one pre-compensation scheme is applied, the TA value / range to be applied to each uplink signal / channel may be different from the perspective of the terminal, and the uplink frame and / or frame boundary may be interpreted differently accordingly.

[0163] Accordingly, in the present disclosure, a base station and / or a network node and / or a satellite in a terrestrial and / or non-terrestrial network can (pre-)configure and / or instruct and / or define one or more uplink frames and / or frame boundaries for an uplink signal / channel to a terminal, and the base station and / or the network node and / or the satellite and / or the terminal can exclude a second uplink frame and / or frame boundary-based scheduled and / or configured second transmission resource from the first transmission resource when determining a first transmission resource based on a first uplink frame and / or frame boundary. Here, for example, at least one of the uplink frames and / or frame boundaries can be a (common) uplink frame and / or frame boundary that one or more uplink signal / channel(s) commonly utilize. Here, for example, at least one of the uplink frames and / or frame boundaries may be a (dedicated) uplink frame and / or frame boundary for transmission of an initial access channel and / or a random access channel (e.g., a RACH (random access channel)) during initial access. For example, the first uplink frame and / or frame boundary may be a (common) uplink frame and / or frame boundary, and the second uplink frame and / or frame boundary may be a (dedicated) uplink frame and / or frame boundary.

[0164] According to the proposed method of the present disclosure, it is possible to support multiple time delay and / or Doppler shift related pre-compensation schemes in terrestrial and / or non-terrestrial networks, and by clearly setting and / or indicating uplink frames and / or frame boundaries according to the pre-compensation schemes for each uplink signal / channel, there is an advantage in that uplink signals / channels to which different pre-compensation schemes are applied can be effectively supported.

[0165] The above [Proposal #06] can be applied in combination with other proposed methods(s) to the extent that the proposed actions do not conflict.

[0166] [Proposal #07] In a terrestrial and / or non-terrestrial network, a base station and / or a network node and / or a satellite can (in advance) set and / or instruct and / or define frequency gap related information applicable to both ends of frequency resources allocated for downlink and / or uplink signals / channels to a terminal, and the terminal can determine and / or apply the frequency gap according to a pre-compensation method related to TO (time offset) and / or FO (frequency offset) applied to the corresponding uplink signal / channel. Here, for example, the entity performing the pre-compensation related to TO and / or FO may be a base station and / or a network node and / or a satellite and / or a terminal. Here, for example, the frequency gap related information may include information such as whether to apply and / or the resource size of the frequency gap.

[0167] For example, in a non-terrestrial network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, assume that a base station (or network) can serve ground and / or air terminals based on the non-terrestrial network. For example, in the non-terrestrial network, the base station (or network) can support downlink and / or uplink transmission to ground and / or air terminals via satellite. Here, the downlink and / or uplink channels of the non-terrestrial network may experience significant time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift due to the high altitude and / or high mobility of the satellite. Here, the non-terrestrial network must be able to effectively (pre- and / or post-) compensate for the time delay and / or Doppler effect / shift.

[0168] Here, for example, the pre-compensation for the time delay and / or Doppler shift may be performed at the base station (or network) or at the terminal. For example, the base station (or network) may pre-compensate for the time delay and / or Doppler shift based on the location information of a (specific) service target point (hereinafter, referred to as a reference point) on the surface of the earth. For example, the terminal may pre-compensate for the time delay and / or Doppler shift based on the location information of a satellite. For example, the base station (or network) may derive and provide the time delay and / or Doppler shift values ​​that the terminal must pre-compensate for based on the location information of the reference point, and the terminal may apply the pre-compensation based on the information. Here, the non-terrestrial network may support one or more pre-compensation methods, and pre-compensation must be performed according to a process agreed upon between the base station (or network node) and the terminal for each pre-compensation method. Here, in the case of an uplink channel, multiple uplink channel(s) may be multiplexed in the frequency axis. Here, if the uplink channel(s) each apply different pre-compensation methods, the remaining frequency offset after compensation may differ for each uplink channel. For example, different uplink channels may overlap at the subcarrier level due to frequency offset differences.

[0169] According to the proposed method of the present disclosure, multiple time delay and / or Doppler shift pre-compensation schemes can be supported in terrestrial and / or non-terrestrial networks, and the side effects of supporting multiple pre-compensation schemes can be minimized. For example, in relation to Doppler shift pre-compensation, frequency axis gap operation that takes into account frequency offset error differences can be supported, thereby minimizing interference effects, etc.

[0170] The above [Proposal #07] can be applied in combination with other proposed methods(s) as long as the proposed actions do not conflict.

[0171] FIG. 11 illustrates a method for a first device to perform wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0172] Referring to FIG. 11, in step S1110, a first device may receive configuration information related to one or more uplink frames from a second device. In step S1120, the first device may transmit a first uplink signal or channel in at least one uplink frame among the one or more uplink frames. For example, a first pre-compensation for the first uplink signal or channel in the at least one uplink frame may be independent of a second pre-compensation for a second uplink signal or channel in a section other than the at least one uplink frame.

[0173] For example, the first device may be allowed to transmit the first uplink signal or channel to which the first pre-compensation is applied in the at least one uplink frame.

[0174] For example, the first device may not be permitted to transmit the first uplink signal or channel to which the first pre-compensation is applied in a period other than the at least one uplink frame.

[0175] For example, the at least one frame may be set by at least one frame index or by a frame boundary.

[0176] For example, the at least one uplink frame for the first uplink signal or channel may include at least one uplink frame for one or more uplink signals or channels.

[0177] For example, the at least one uplink frame for the first uplink signal or channel may include at least one uplink frame for a signal or channel for initial access or random access.

[0178] Additionally, for example, the first device may receive, from the second device, information related to pre-compensation for downlink or uplink transmission. For example, the downlink or uplink transmission may include at least one of a transmission for synchronization, a transmission for initial access, or a transmission for random access. For example, the information related to pre-compensation may include at least one of information related to whether pre-compensation is applied to the downlink or uplink transmission, information related to a pre-compensation method for the downlink or uplink transmission, information related to a pre-compensation value for the downlink or uplink transmission, auxiliary information for pre-compensation for the downlink or uplink transmission, or information related to a valid time or valid timer of pre-compensation for the downlink or uplink transmission. Additionally, for example, the first device may receive, from the second device, information related to a valid time of the information related to pre-compensation. For example, transmission or reception by the first device may be performed based on a resource within the valid time among scheduled resources.

[0179] For example, the first pre-compensation may include at least one of no application of TA (timing advance), application of zero-TA, application of TA based on location information, or application of TA based on pre-compensation information.

[0180] For example, the first transmission resource may be determined based on the at least one uplink frame, and the second transmission resource scheduled or set based on a frame other than the at least one uplink frame may be excluded from the first transmission resource.

[0181] For example, the first device may be a terminal, and the second device may be a base station, a network node, or a satellite.

[0182] The proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to receive configuration information related to one or more uplink frames from the second device, and / or the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to transmit a first uplink signal or channel in at least one uplink frame among the one or more uplink frames. For example, the first pre-compensation for the first uplink signal or channel in the at least one uplink frame can be independent of the second pre-compensation for the second uplink signal or channel in a section other than the at least one uplink frame.

[0183] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device to perform operations based on execution by the at least one processor. For example, the operations may include at least one of: receiving, from a second device, configuration information related to one or more uplink frames; and / or transmitting a first uplink signal or channel in at least one uplink frame of the one or more uplink frames. For example, a first pre-compensation for the first uplink signal or channel in the at least one uplink frame may be independent of a second pre-compensation for a second uplink signal or channel in a period other than the at least one uplink frame.

[0184] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause a first device to perform an operation based on execution by the at least one processor. For example, the operation may include at least one of: receiving, from a second device, configuration information related to one or more uplink frames; and / or transmitting a first uplink signal or channel in at least one uplink frame of the one or more uplink frames. For example, a first pre-compensation for the first uplink signal or channel in the at least one uplink frame may be independent of a second pre-compensation for a second uplink signal or channel in a period other than the at least one uplink frame.

[0185] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, upon execution, may cause a first device to perform an operation. For example, the operation may include at least one of: receiving, from a second device, configuration information related to one or more uplink frames; and / or transmitting a first uplink signal or channel in at least one uplink frame of the one or more uplink frames. For example, a first pre-compensation for the first uplink signal or channel in the at least one uplink frame may be independent of a second pre-compensation for a second uplink signal or channel in a period other than the at least one uplink frame.

[0186] FIG. 12 illustrates a method for a second device to perform wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0187] Referring to FIG. 12, in step S1210, the second device may transmit configuration information related to one or more uplink frames to the first device. In step S1220, the second device may receive, from the first device, a first uplink signal or channel in at least one uplink frame among the one or more uplink frames. For example, the first pre-compensation for the first uplink signal or channel in the at least one uplink frame may be independent of the second pre-compensation for the second uplink signal or channel in a section other than the at least one uplink frame.

[0188] For example, the first device may be allowed to transmit the first uplink signal or channel to which the first pre-compensation is applied in the at least one uplink frame.

[0189] For example, the first device may not be permitted to transmit the first uplink signal or channel to which the first pre-compensation is applied in a period other than the at least one uplink frame.

[0190] For example, the at least one frame may be set by at least one frame index or by a frame boundary.

[0191] For example, the at least one uplink frame for the first uplink signal or channel may include at least one uplink frame for one or more uplink signals or channels.

[0192] For example, the at least one uplink frame for the first uplink signal or channel may include at least one uplink frame for a signal or channel for initial access or random access.

[0193] Additionally, for example, the second device may transmit to the first device information related to pre-compensation for downlink or uplink transmission. For example, the downlink or uplink transmission may include at least one of transmission for synchronization, transmission for initial access, or transmission for random access. For example, the information related to pre-compensation may include at least one of information related to whether pre-compensation is applied to the downlink or uplink transmission, information related to a pre-compensation method for the downlink or uplink transmission, information related to a pre-compensation value for the downlink or uplink transmission, auxiliary information for pre-compensation for the downlink or uplink transmission, or information related to a valid time or valid timer of pre-compensation for the downlink or uplink transmission. Additionally, for example, the second device may transmit to the first device information related to a valid time of the information related to pre-compensation. For example, transmission or reception by the first device may be performed based on a resource within the valid time among scheduled resources.

[0194] For example, the first pre-compensation may include at least one of no application of TA (timing advance), application of zero-TA, application of TA based on location information, or application of TA based on pre-compensation information.

[0195] For example, the first transmission resource may be determined based on the at least one uplink frame, and the second transmission resource scheduled or set based on a frame other than the at least one uplink frame may be excluded from the first transmission resource.

[0196] For example, the first device may be a terminal, and the second device may be a base station, a network node, or a satellite.

[0197] The proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit configuration information related to one or more uplink frames to the first device, and / or the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to receive a first uplink signal or channel in at least one uplink frame among the one or more uplink frames from the first device. For example, the first pre-compensation for the first uplink signal or channel in the at least one uplink frame can be independent of the second pre-compensation for the second uplink signal or channel in a section other than the at least one uplink frame.

[0198] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the second device to perform operations based on being executed by the at least one processor. For example, the operations may include at least one of: transmitting, to the first device, configuration information related to one or more uplink frames; and / or receiving, from the first device, a first uplink signal or channel in at least one uplink frame of the one or more uplink frames. For example, a first pre-compensation for the first uplink signal or channel in the at least one uplink frame may be independent of a second pre-compensation for a second uplink signal or channel in a period other than the at least one uplink frame.

[0199] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause a second device to perform an operation based on execution by the at least one processor. For example, the operation may include at least one of: transmitting, to a first device, configuration information related to one or more uplink frames; and / or receiving, from the first device, a first uplink signal or channel in at least one uplink frame of the one or more uplink frames. For example, a first pre-compensation for the first uplink signal or channel in the at least one uplink frame may be independent of a second pre-compensation for a second uplink signal or channel in a period other than the at least one uplink frame.

[0200] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, upon being executed, may cause a second device to perform an action. For example, the action may include at least one of: transmitting, to a first device, configuration information related to one or more uplink frames; and / or receiving, from the first device, a first uplink signal or channel in at least one uplink frame of the one or more uplink frames. For example, a first pre-compensation for the first uplink signal or channel in the at least one uplink frame may be independent of a second pre-compensation for a second uplink signal or channel in a period other than the at least one uplink frame.

[0201] The various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0202] Below, a description is given of devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied.

[0203] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0204] Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings / descriptions below, the same drawing reference numerals may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

[0205] FIG. 13 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0206] Referring to FIG. 13, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., an Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may also be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0207] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PAN) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0208] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200) / network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to Everything) communication). In addition, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0209] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base stations (200), and base stations (200) / base stations (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and base station-to-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0210] FIG. 14 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0211] Referring to FIG. 14, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and / or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 13.

[0212] A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and / or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). Furthermore, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0213] A second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and / or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals via the transceivers (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0214] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0215] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0216] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0217] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0218] FIG. 15 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0219] Referring to FIG. 15, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operations / functions of FIG. 15 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 14. The hardware elements of FIG. 15 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 14. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 14. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 14, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 14.

[0220] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 15. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block can include a transport block (e.g., an UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH or a PDSCH).

[0221] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a bit sequence scrambled by a scrambler (1010). The scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of the wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by a precoding matrix W of N*M. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on complex modulation symbols. In addition, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0222] The resource mapper (1050) can map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources can include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator (1060) generates a wireless signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated wireless signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) can include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0223] The signal processing process for receiving signals in a wireless device can be configured in reverse order of the signal processing process (1010 to 1060) of FIG. 15. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 of FIG. 14) can receive wireless signals from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signals can be converted into baseband signals through a signal restorer. For this purpose, the signal restorer can include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be restored to the original information blocks through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0224] Figure 16 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see Figure 13). The embodiment of Figure 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0225] Referring to FIG. 16, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 14 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / units, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and an additional element (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 14. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 14. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit (130).

[0226] The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 13, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 13, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 13, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 13, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 13, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 13, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, an AI server / device (Fig. 13, 400), a base station (Fig. 13, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use / service.

[0227] In FIG. 16, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0228] Below, the implementation example of Fig. 16 is described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0229] FIG. 17 illustrates a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The mobile device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The mobile device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0230] Referring to FIG. 17, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 16, respectively.

[0231] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control components of the mobile device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required for operating the mobile device (100). In addition, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the mobile device (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support connection between the mobile device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) can include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can input or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker, and / or a haptic module.

[0232] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) obtains information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the obtained information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals, and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to other wireless devices or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from other wireless devices or base stations, and then restore the received wireless signals to the original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

[0233] The claims set forth in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

1. In the method, A step in which a first device receives configuration information related to one or more uplink frames from a second device; and The first device comprises a step of transmitting a first uplink signal or channel in at least one uplink frame among the one or more uplink frames; A method wherein the first pre-compensation for the first uplink signal or channel in the at least one uplink frame is independent of the second pre-compensation for the second uplink signal or channel in a section other than the at least one uplink frame.

2. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first device is allowed to transmit the first uplink signal or channel to which the first pre-compensation is applied in at least one uplink frame.

3. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first device is not permitted to transmit the first uplink signal or channel to which the first pre-compensation is applied in a period other than the at least one uplink frame.

4. In paragraph 1, A method wherein at least one frame is set by at least one frame index or by a frame boundary.

5. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the at least one uplink frame for the first uplink signal or channel comprises at least one uplink frame for one or more uplink signals or channels.

6. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the at least one uplink frame for the first uplink signal or channel comprises at least one uplink frame for a signal or channel for initial access or random access.

7. In paragraph 1, A method further comprising: a step of the first device receiving, from the second device, information related to pre-compensation for downlink or uplink transmission; 8. In paragraph 7, A method wherein the downlink or uplink transmission comprises at least one of transmission for synchronization, transmission for initial access, or transmission for random access.

9. In paragraph 7, A method according to claim 1, wherein the information related to the pre-compensation includes at least one of information related to whether pre-compensation is applied to the downlink or uplink transmission, information related to a pre-compensation method for the downlink or uplink transmission, information related to a pre-compensation value for the downlink or uplink transmission, auxiliary information for pre-compensation for the downlink or uplink transmission, or information related to a valid time or valid timer of pre-compensation for the downlink or uplink transmission.

10. In paragraph 7, The first device further comprises a step of receiving, from the second device, information related to the validity time of the information related to the pre-compensation; A method in which transmission or reception by the first device is performed based on a resource within the valid time among scheduled resources.

11. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first pre-compensation comprises at least one of non-application of TA (timing advance), application of zero-TA, application of TA based on location information, or application of TA based on pre-compensation information.

12. In paragraph 1, A method wherein a first transmission resource is determined based on the at least one uplink frame, and a second transmission resource scheduled or set based on a frame other than the at least one uplink frame is excluded from the first transmission resource.

13. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first device is a terminal, and the second device is a base station, a network node, or a satellite.

14. In the first device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions causing said first device to perform an operation based on being executed by said at least one processor, said operation comprising: Receiving configuration information related to one or more uplink frames from a second device; and Transmitting a first uplink signal or channel in at least one uplink frame among the one or more uplink frames; A first device, wherein the first pre-compensation for the first uplink signal or channel in the at least one uplink frame is independent of the second pre-compensation for the second uplink signal or channel in a section other than the at least one uplink frame.

15. In the processing device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions causing the first device to perform an operation based on execution by said at least one processor, said operation comprising: Receiving configuration information related to one or more uplink frames from a second device; and Transmitting a first uplink signal or channel in at least one uplink frame among the one or more uplink frames; A processing device wherein the first pre-compensation for the first uplink signal or channel in the at least one uplink frame is independent of the second pre-compensation for the second uplink signal or channel in a section other than the at least one uplink frame.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, upon being executed, cause the first device to perform an action, wherein the action is: Receiving configuration information related to one or more uplink frames from a second device; and Transmitting a first uplink signal or channel in at least one uplink frame among the one or more uplink frames; A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium in which the first pre-compensation for the first uplink signal or channel in the at least one uplink frame is independent of the second pre-compensation for the second uplink signal or channel in a section other than the at least one uplink frame.

17. In the method, A step in which a second device transmits, to a first device, configuration information related to one or more uplink frames; and A step in which the second device receives a first uplink signal or channel in at least one uplink frame among the one or more uplink frames from the first device; A method wherein the first pre-compensation for the first uplink signal or channel in the at least one uplink frame is independent of the second pre-compensation for the second uplink signal or channel in a section other than the at least one uplink frame.

18. In the second device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions causing said second device to perform an operation based on execution by said at least one processor, said operation comprising: transmitting, to the first device, configuration information related to one or more uplink frames; and Receiving a first uplink signal or channel in at least one uplink frame among the one or more uplink frames from the first device; A second device, wherein the first pre-compensation for the first uplink signal or channel in the at least one uplink frame is independent of the second pre-compensation for the second uplink signal or channel in a section other than the at least one uplink frame.

19. In the processing device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions causing a second device to perform an operation based on execution by said at least one processor, said operation comprising: transmitting, to the first device, configuration information related to one or more uplink frames; and Receiving a first uplink signal or channel in at least one uplink frame among the one or more uplink frames from the first device; A processing device wherein the first pre-compensation for the first uplink signal or channel in the at least one uplink frame is independent of the second pre-compensation for the second uplink signal or channel in a section other than the at least one uplink frame.

20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, based on which they are executed, cause the second device to perform an action, wherein the action is: transmitting, to the first device, configuration information related to one or more uplink frames; and Receiving a first uplink signal or channel in at least one uplink frame among the one or more uplink frames from the first device; A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium in which the first pre-compensation for the first uplink signal or channel in the at least one uplink frame is independent of the second pre-compensation for the second uplink signal or channel in a section other than the at least one uplink frame.

Images