Method and system to join two metallic components
Beam-splitting laser welding with controlled intensity distribution addresses process time and quality issues in battery component joining, enhancing productivity and reliability through high-speed, high-quality welds.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/106773
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-29
AI Technical Summary
Laser welding of metallic battery components faces limitations in process time, weld quality, and reliability due to undercuts and irregular welding depth, affecting electrical and mechanical performance.
A method involving beam splitting of a laser beam into multiple partial beams to create simultaneous laser spots for forming multiple weld seams, with controlled intensity distribution and movement, ensuring high-quality welds without undercuts and irregular penetration.
Enhances productivity and reduces costs by allowing higher welding speeds with improved weld seam quality, stability, and reduced spatter and pores, ensuring robust and efficient battery cell connections.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024106773_29012026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Method and system to join two metallic components
[0001] The invention relates to a method to join two metallic components for a battery cell or cell assembly by laser-based welding and a corresponding system.
[0002] The manufacturing of battery cells, particularly for applications in electric vehicles or energy storage systems, requires precise and reliable joining techniques. One of the critical processes in this manufacturing workflow is laser welding of metallic battery components, which is employed to achieve strong, conductive, and durable connections.
[0003] Laser welding in overlap configurations is especially crucial in the assembly of busbars and terminals for prismatic cells, busbars and lids for prismatic cells and cylindrical cells, and lids on electrodes for cylindrical cells. This welding process ensures the efficient transfer of electrical currents between the battery cells.
[0004] To achieve a reliable joint, at least two weld seams are sequentially formed in an overlap configuration at the components. The welding speed cannot be increased arbitrarily to reduce process time. Welding speed is limited by undercuts and irregular welding depth. In addition, the desired width of the weld seam cannot be achieved if the speed is too high. These limitations can result in suboptimal weld quality, which may compromise the electrical and mechanical performance of the battery cells. Undercuts can weaken the weld joint, making it susceptible to failure under mechanical stress. Irregular welding depth can lead to inconsistent electrical connections, reducing the efficiency and reliability of the battery.
[0005] The2object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, especially to reduce the process time for laser-weld joining of two battery components.
[0006] The object is solved by a method to join two metallic components for a battery cell or a cell assembly, in particular of a Li-Ion battery, with the features of claim 1. The method provides laser-based welding of the components with at least two weld seams in an overlap configuration. A laser beam is provided and divided by a beam splitter into at least two partial laser beams. The partial laser beams are directed onto one of the components to create at least two laser spots at the same time. Each weld seam is formed by one of the at least two laser spots.
[0007] This comes with the advantage of doubled productivity and a lower price per part due to parallel welding made possible by means of beam splitting.
[0008] It is preferable that at least one of the at least two laser spots, in particular the at least two laser spots, is a superimposed laser spot composed of at least two superimposed beams, preferably generated by a 2in1-fibre. In addition, less spatter and pores are caused.
[0009] Thus, higher welding speeds are possible without undercuts and irregular penetration depth, wherein this is made possible by beam shaping of each spot. Further, the width of the weld seam, particularly at the interface between two parts, is increased at higher welding speed.
[0010] It is preferable that each superimposed laser spot is composed of at least two areas, wherein preferably an intensity difference between each area is at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30%. Thus, a high quality of the weld seams can be provided.
[0011] It is preferable that each superimposed laser spot is composed of a core area and least one ring area. A first ring area preferably surrounds the core are. Every further ring area preferably surrounds the adjacent inner ring area. Thus, spatter and pores can be further reduced.
[0012] It is preferable that the intensity of the core area is higher than the intensity of the at least ring area or vice versa. Therefore, the keyhole can be stabilized.
[0013] It is preferable that at least one laser spot is composed of multiple, in particular at least three or four, partial laser spots, wherein the partial laser spots of one laser spot form the same weld seam. The center points of the partial laser spots are preferably arranged on an imaginary circle. Thus, spatter and pores can be further reduced.
[0014] It is preferable that the partial laser spots are composed of at least two superimposed beams. Thus, higher welding speeds are possible without undercuts and irregular penetration depth, wherein this is made possible by beam shaping of each spot. Further, spatter and pores can be further reduced.
[0015] It is preferable that the intensity of at least one area is modulated during the welding process. In particular at the beginning the intensity of a center area, inner area or the core area is ramped up and at the end ramped down. The effect is a better control of the penetration depth and less spatters.
[0016] It is preferable that the intensity of at least one area of a superimposed laser spot or superimposed partial laser spot is modulated at a frequency in a range between 100 Hz and 50 kHz. A better control of the penetration depth and less spatters are ensured.
[0017] It is preferable that the movement of the partial laser beams and the two components overlap (on-the-fly) . Thus, the movement of the laser spots are effected by the movement of the scanner and by the movement of the components to join. This enables increased productivity.
[0018] It is preferable that the at least two weld seams are linear and / or arranged parallel to each other. This ensures an easy and reproducible process.
[0019] The two metallic components are preferably made of alloys based on aluminum, copper or steel. The two components are preferably a busbar on a terminal of a prismatic cell, a busbar on a lid of a prismatic cell or of a cylindrical cell, and / or a lid on electrodes of a cylindrical cell.
[0020] It is preferable that the beam splitter is an optical element, in particular a bifocal wedge, a diffractive optical element or a refractive optical element. It is more preferable that for each laser spot composed of multiple partial laser spots to form the same keyhole / weld seam an additional beam shape unit, in particular an additional beam splitter, is provided. The additional beam splitter may be the same as the beam splitter for the main laser spots as described above.
[0021] It is preferable that a camera based vision system is provided to detect the position of the components. Thus, less tolerances and a robust process is ensured.
[0022] It is preferable that a measurement of the penetration depth is carried out, in particular with OCT and power control. Thus, a constant penetration depth is ensured.
[0023] To increase the traverse movement and the precision of the welding positioning, ultra-light mirrors in the scanner optics are preferably used.
[0024] The melted area can be enlarged by means of beam oscillation, in particular with amplitudes higher than 0.3 mm.
[0025] In an example, a 2-in-1 fiber is utilized, such as BrightLine Weld, with a beam parameter product (BPP) of the core being equal or less than 6 mm*mrad and / or ring being equal or less than 24 mm*mrad, and a total laser power of up to 24 kW. The core-to-ring diameter ratio ranges between 1: 2.5 and 1: 9, particularly between 1: 3 and 1: 6, and especially around 1: 4.
[0026] The welding process uses scanner optics for on-the-fly welding, such as 2-3D PFO systems. The typical penetration depth achieved is between 1-4 mm, in particular between 2-2.5 mm. The width of the weld seam at the interface of the welded parts ranges from 0.05-3 mm, particularly 1.5-2.5 mm, while the width of the weld seam on the surface varies between 0.1 mm and 5 mm, particularly between 2.5 mm and 4 mm.
[0027] Spatial beam oscillation or wobbling can be applied using geometries such as spiral wobble, although the preferred approach is without wobbling. Temporal beam oscillation and / or pulsing are employed at frequencies between 100 Hz and 50 kHz. The cladding thickness between the core and ring fiber is typically less than 50 μm, particularly less than 15 μm.
[0028] The beam diameter of a single spot on the work piece is in the range of 30 μm to 3000 μm, particularly 500 μm to 2000 μm. The preferred laser type is an infrared laser with a wavelength range of 800-1200 nm, particularly 1030 nm or 1070 nm. Alternatively, a visible (VIS) laser, especially in the range of 400-450 nm (blue) and 515 nm (green) , can be used, particularly for copper melting.
[0029] The feed rates during welding are in the range of 50 mm / sto 2000 mm / s, particularly 100-400 mm / s. Scanner optics such as the PFO33-2 with an imaging ratio of 1: 1 to 5: 1, particularly 2: 1 to 3.5: 1, are used. Alternatively, flying optics systems like BEO can be employed with the same imaging ratios.
[0030] The object of the invention is also solved by a system for joining two metallic components of a battery cell or a cell assembly by laser-based welding with the features of claim 15.The system is set up to carry out the above-described method.
[0031] It is shown in:
[0032] Fig. 1 a perspective view of two prismatic battery cells each having two terminals, wherein the cells are joined by a busbar using laser-based welding with beam splitting;
[0033] Fig. 2 a top view of the busbar, wherein the cells are joined by a busbar using laser-based welding with beam splitting and a first beam shape;
[0034] Fig. 2A a schematic view of the intensity distribution of the laser spot in Fig. 2;
[0035] Fig. 3 a top view of the busbar, wherein the cells are joined by a busbar using laser-based welding with beam splitting and a second beam shape;
[0036] Fig. 3A a schematic view of the intensity distribution of the laser spot in Fig. 3; and
[0037] Fig. 4 a top view of the busbar, wherein the cells are joined by a busbar using laser-based welding with beam splitting and a third beam shape.
[0038] In Fig. 1, a battery 10 with a cell assembly comprising at least two prismatic battery cells 12 is shown. Each battery cell 12 comprises a first terminal 14A with a positive pol and a second terminal 14B with a negative pol. Two adjacent battery cells 12 are joined via a busbar 16. One side of the busbar 16 is laser welded on the first terminal 14A of the right battery cell 12 and the other side of the busbar 16 is laser welded on the second terminal 14B of the left battery cell 12 in an overlap configuration. To joint both components 14A, 14B, 16 at least two parallel weld seams 18 are formed.
[0039] A laser beam is divided by a beam splitter into at least two partial laser beams. In Fig. 1, each partial laser beam is directed onto the busbar 16 to create at least two laser spots 20 at the same time. Each laser spot 20 forms a keyhole to melt the material of the busbar 16 and the terminals 14A, 14B, wherein each laser spot 20 forms a weld seam 18. The laser spot 20 moves along a linear welding path, that is shown with the arrows. The laser spot 20 can be moved due to a movement of a scanner. The movement of the scanner can be overlapped by the movement of the battery, in particular the components 14A, 14B, 16, to increase the welding speed.
[0040] To further increase the welding performance, both laser spots 20 are superimposed, wherein each laser spot 20 is composed of two superimposed partial laser beams. In Fig. 2, the superimposed laser spot 20 is composed of a core area 22 and a first ring area 24. An intensity of the core area 22 is preferably higher, in particular more than 30%higher, than an intensity of the first ring area 24. In Fig. 2A, an example for the intensity distribution for the superimposed laser spot 20 of Fig. 2 is shown. Thus, higher welding speeds are possible without undercuts and irregular penetration depth, wherein this is made possible by beam shaping of each spot. Further, the width of the weld seam 18, particularly at the interface between two parts, is increased at higher welding speed.
[0041] In Fig. 3, two superimposed laser spots 20 with a core area 22, a first ring area 24 and a second ring area 26 are utilized to form two keyholes. In Fig. 3A, an example for the intensity distribution for the superimposed laser spot 20 of Fig. 3 is shown. The intensity of the first ring area 24 is higher, in particular 30%higher, than the intensity of the core area 22 and / or the second ring area 26. The second ring area 26 is higher, in particular 30%higher, than the intensity of the core area 22. Thus, spatter and pores can be reduced.
[0042] In Fig. 4, the superimposed laser spots 20 are composed of four partial laser spots 20A-D, wherein the partial laser spots 20A-D of one laser spot 20 form the same weld seam 18. The center points of the partial laser spots 20A-D are preferably arranged on an imaginary circle. The partial laser spots 20A-D are beam shaped as the laser spots 20 in Fig. 2 or 3. In total, the embodiment of Fig. 4 forms a laser spot 20 with an intensity distribution similar to the distribution shown in Fig. 3B. Beam shaping of each laser spot 20 and / or partial laser spot 20A-D ensures higher welding speeds without undercuts and irregular penetration depth.
Claims
1.A method to join two metallic components (14A, 14B, 16) for a battery cell (12) or cell assembly by laser-based welding the components (14A, 14B, 16) with at least two weld seams (18) in an overlap,wherein a laser beam is divided by a beam splitter into at least two partial laser beams, each directed onto one of the components (14A, 14B, 16) to create at least two laser spots (20) at the same time, wherein each weld seam is formed by one of the at least two laser spots (20) .2.Method according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the at least two laser spots (20) is a superimposed laser spot (20) composed of at least two superimposed beams, preferably generated by a 2in1-fibre.3.Method according to claim 2, wherein each superimposed laser spot (20) is composed of at least two areas (22, 24, 26) , wherein preferably an intensity difference between each area (22, 24, 26) is at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30%.4.Method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein each superimposed laser spot (20) is composed of a core area (22) and least one ring area (24, 26) .5.Method according to claim 4, wherein the intensity of the core area (22) is higher or lower than the intensity of the at least ring area (24, 26) .6.Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein at least one laser spot (20) is composed of multiple, in particular at least three or four, partial laser spots (20A-D) , wherein the partial laser spots (20A-D) of one laser spot (20) form the same weld seam (18) .7.Method according to claim 6, wherein the partial laser spots (20A-D) are composed of at least two superimposed beams.8.Method according to any of the claims 2 to 7, wherein the intensity of at least one area (22, 24, 26) is modulated during the welding process, in particular at the beginning the intensity of the core area (22) is ramped up and at the end ramped down.9.Method according to any of the claims 2 to 8, wherein the intensity of at least one area (22, 24, 26) of a superimposed laser spot (20) is modulated at a frequency in a range between 100 Hz and 50 kHz.10.Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the movement of the partial laser beams and the two components (14A, 14B, 16) overlap.11.Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the at least two weld seams (18) are linear and / or arranged parallel to each other.12.Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the two metallic components (14A, 14B, 16) are made of alloys based on aluminum, copper or steel.13.Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the two components (14A, 14B, 16) are a busbar (16) a terminal (14A, 14B) of a prismatic cell (12) , a busbar (16) on a lid of a prismatic cell (12) or of a cylindrical cell, and / or a lid on electrodes of a cylindrical cell.14.Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the beam splitter is an optical element, in particular a bifocal wedge, a diffractive optical element or a refractive optical element.15.System for joining two metallic components (14A, 14B, 16) of a battery cell (12) or a cell assembly by laser-based welding the components (14A, 14B, 16) , wherein the system is set up to carry out a method according to any of the preceding claims.
Citation Information
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