Battery and electrical device

Abstract

A battery and an electrical device, relating to the technical field of batteries. The battery comprises a housing and a solid-state battery cell. An enclosed space is formed inside the housing. The solid-state battery cell is disposed in the enclosed space. The solid-state battery cell comprises a first electrode plate, a solid-state electrolyte layer, and a second electrode plate. The first electrode plate and the second electrode plate have opposite polarities. The solid-state electrolyte layer is disposed between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate to separate the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate. The enclosed space is filled with gas, and the gas pressure in the enclosed space is greater than the gas pressure outside the housing. This battery structure enables pressure to be applied to the solid-state battery cell from multiple directions, which is beneficial to improving the contact area and contact effect at any location between the first electrode plate and the solid-state electrolyte layer and between the second electrode plate and the solid-state electrolyte layer, thereby effectively reducing the risk of performance degradation or even failure or short circuit during battery use, and improving the use reliability and service life of the battery.

Description

Batteries and electrical devices Cross-reference to related applications

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application 2024217406295 entitled "Battery and Power Consumption Device", filed on July 22, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and more specifically, to a battery and an electrical device. Background Technology

[0003] In recent years, new energy vehicles have experienced rapid development. In the field of electric vehicles, power batteries, as the power source, play an irreplaceable and crucial role. With the vigorous promotion of new energy vehicles, the demand for power battery products is also increasing. Among them, batteries, as core components of new energy vehicles, have high requirements in terms of reliability and service life.

[0004] In battery technology, in order to improve the energy density and charging speed of batteries, batteries are usually set as solid-state batteries. That is, solid-state batteries include a casing and solid-state cells housed in the casing. However, existing solid-state cells are prone to performance degradation or failure during use, and may even have risks such as internal short circuits, resulting in low battery reliability and short service life. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a battery and an electrical device that can effectively improve the reliability and lifespan of the battery.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a battery, including a housing and a solid-state battery cell; a sealed space is formed inside the housing; the solid-state battery cell is disposed within the sealed space, the solid-state battery cell includes a first electrode, a solid electrolyte layer and a second electrode, the first electrode and the second electrode have opposite polarities, and the solid electrolyte layer is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode to separate the first electrode and the second electrode; wherein, the sealed space is filled with gas, and the gas pressure inside the sealed space is greater than the gas pressure outside the housing.

[0007] In the above technical solution, by filling the sealed space of the casing with gas, the gas pressure inside the sealed space is made greater than the gas pressure outside the casing. This allows the gas inside the sealed space to pressurize the solid-state battery cell, thereby increasing the contact area and contact effect between the first electrode and the solid electrolyte layer, and between the second electrode and the solid electrolyte layer. This battery structure allows for pressurization of the solid-state battery cell from multiple directions, which is beneficial for improving the contact area and contact effect at any point between the first electrode and the solid electrolyte layer, and between the second electrode and the solid electrolyte layer. Furthermore, it ensures that the external pressure on the solid-state battery cell is not affected by the solid-state battery cell itself. The effects of contraction and expansion ensure that the external pressure on the solid-state battery cell remains constant. This helps to mitigate the reduction in contact area or poor contact between the first electrode and the solid electrolyte layer, as well as between the second electrode and the solid electrolyte layer, during use. This reduces the occurrence of conductivity differences and fluctuations at different locations within the solid-state battery cell. Furthermore, it alleviates contamination caused by fillers, effectively reducing the risk of internal short circuits resulting from ion metal deposition and breakdown of the solid electrolyte layer. It also effectively reduces the risk of performance degradation or even battery failure during use, thus improving battery reliability and lifespan.

[0008] In some embodiments, the battery includes a plurality of solid-state cells, which are spaced apart within the sealed space, and a gap is formed between adjacent solid-state cells to accommodate the gas.

[0009] In the above technical solution, by setting multiple solid-state battery cells in the sealed space of the box, and arranging the multiple solid-state battery cells at intervals, gaps for accommodating gas can be formed between two adjacent solid-state battery cells. This not only increases the battery capacity, but also enables the gas in the sealed space to pressurize the multiple solid-state battery cells. It also alleviates the phenomenon of poor pressurization effect of the solid-state battery cells due to mutual contact, which is beneficial to improving the pressurization effect of multiple solid-state battery cells.

[0010] In some embodiments, along a first direction, the solid-state battery cell has two opposing first surfaces, the first surface being the surface with the largest area among the outer surfaces of the solid-state battery cell; wherein, a plurality of the solid-state battery cells are spaced apart along the first direction.

[0011] In the above technical solution, the solid-state battery cell has two opposing first surfaces in the first direction, and the first surface is the surface with the largest area among the outer surfaces of the solid-state battery cell. This makes the expansion and contraction amplitude of the solid-state battery cell in the first direction the largest during use. By arranging multiple solid-state battery cells at intervals along the first direction, the first surfaces of two adjacent solid-state battery cells can be made to not contact each other, so that the gas in the sealed space can pressurize the first surface of the solid-state battery cell in the first direction, which is beneficial to improving the pressurization effect of the solid-state battery cell.

[0012] In some embodiments, the battery further includes a mounting bracket; the mounting bracket is disposed within the enclosed space, and a plurality of solid-state cells are spaced apart on the mounting bracket.

[0013] In the above technical solution, by setting a mounting frame inside the battery box, and having multiple solid-state cells installed at intervals on the mounting frame, the battery with this structure can reduce the difficulty of arranging multiple solid-state cells at intervals in a sealed space. It is possible to first assemble multiple solid-state cells at intervals on the mounting frame and then assemble them into the sealed space of the box, which helps to reduce the assembly difficulty of the battery and optimize the battery production process. On the other hand, it allows multiple solid-state cells to form an integral structure through the mounting frame, which helps to improve the stability and reliability of multiple solid-state cells assembled in a sealed space.

[0014] In some embodiments, the mounting bracket is connected to the housing.

[0015] In the above technical solution, by connecting the mounting bracket and the enclosure, the stability of the mounting bracket in the enclosed space is improved, thereby further improving the stability and reliability of multiple solid-state cells in the enclosed space and reducing the shaking or displacement of solid-state cells in the enclosed space.

[0016] In some embodiments, the mounting bracket is made of insulating material.

[0017] In the above technical solution, by setting the mounting bracket as an insulating material, it is beneficial to alleviate the risk of short circuit between the mounting bracket and the solid-state battery cell, and can also reduce the risk of short circuit between multiple solid-state battery cells.

[0018] In some embodiments, the solid-state battery cell is bonded to the mounting bracket.

[0019] In the above technical solution, the solid-state battery cell is assembled on the mounting frame using an adhesive connection structure. On the one hand, this facilitates the assembly between the solid-state battery cell and the mounting frame, which helps to reduce the connection difficulty between the solid-state battery cell and the mounting frame. On the other hand, it ensures that the connection and assembly between the solid-state battery cell and the mounting frame does not affect the solid-state battery cell, which helps to alleviate the phenomenon of the mounting frame damaging the solid-state battery cell.

[0020] In some embodiments, the air pressure in the enclosed space is P, which satisfies 0.2MPa≤P≤5MPa.

[0021] In the above technical solution, by setting the air pressure in the sealed space to 0.2MPa to 5MPa, on the one hand, setting the air pressure in the sealed space to be greater than or equal to 0.2MPa can improve the pressurization effect on the solid-state battery cell, which is conducive to further improving the contact area and contact effect at any position between the first electrode and the solid electrolyte layer and between the second electrode and the solid electrolyte layer. On the other hand, setting the air pressure in the sealed space to be less than or equal to 5MPa can reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the battery and reduce the requirements for the structural strength and materials of the casing, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the battery.

[0022] In some embodiments, the housing is provided with a one-way inflation valve, which is configured to allow gas to enter the sealed space and prevent gas from escaping the housing.

[0023] In the above technical solution, by setting a one-way inflation valve on the box, air can be injected into the sealed space of the box and gas can be prevented from escaping from the sealed space. This facilitates the inflation and pressurization of the sealed space of the box, which helps to reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the battery.

[0024] In some embodiments, the enclosure includes a first enclosure body and a second enclosure body; the interior of the first enclosure body forms an assembly cavity with an opening; the second enclosure body closes to the opening, and the second enclosure body and the first enclosure body together define the sealed space.

[0025] In the above technical solution, by setting the box body as a structure including a first box body and a second box body, and the first box body and the second box body cover each other to form a sealed space for accommodating solid-state battery cells, the battery with this structure can reduce the difficulty of forming the sealed space, which is beneficial to reducing the manufacturing difficulty of the battery. On the other hand, it can reduce the difficulty of assembling solid-state battery cells into the sealed space, which is beneficial to reducing the assembly difficulty of the battery.

[0026] In some embodiments, the gas filling the enclosed space is an inert gas.

[0027] In the above technical solution, by setting the gas filling the sealed space as an inert gas, the phenomenon of mutual reaction between the gas in the sealed space and the solid-state battery cell can be alleviated, and the phenomenon of contamination of the solid-state battery cell by the gas in the sealed space can be reduced, thereby improving the stability and service life of the battery.

[0028] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide an electrical device, including the battery described above, wherein the battery is used to provide electrical energy. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0031] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the battery structure provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0032] Figure 3 is an exploded view of the battery structure provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0033] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a battery provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0034] Figure 5 is a front view of a battery (with the second housing removed) provided in some embodiments of this application in a second direction.

[0035] Icons: 1000 - Vehicle; 100 - Battery; 10 - Housing; 11 - Enclosed space; 12 - First housing body; 13 - Second housing body; 20 - Solid-state battery cell; 21 - First surface; 30 - Gap; 40 - Mounting bracket; 200 - Controller; 300 - Motor; X - First direction; Y - Second direction. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0037] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used in the description of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the description, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. The terms "first," "second," etc., in the description, claims, or accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order or hierarchy.

[0038] In this application, the reference to "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0039] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "attachment" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0040] In this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, in this application, the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0041] In the embodiments of this application, the same reference numerals denote the same components, and for the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions of the same components are omitted in different embodiments. It should be understood that the thickness, length, width, and other dimensions of various components in the embodiments of this application shown in the accompanying drawings, as well as the overall thickness, length, width, and other dimensions of the integrated device, are merely illustrative and should not constitute any limitation on this application.

[0042] In this application, "multiple" means two or more (including two).

[0043] In this embodiment of the application, the solid-state battery cell can be a secondary battery. A secondary battery refers to a solid-state battery cell that can be recharged after being discharged to activate the active materials and continue to be used.

[0044] Solid-state batteries can be lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, lithium metal batteries, sodium metal batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, magnesium-ion batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, lead-acid batteries, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited to these.

[0045] Solid-state battery cells typically consist of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an insulating component. During the charging and discharging process of a solid-state battery cell, active ions (such as lithium ions) repeatedly insert and extract between the positive and negative electrodes. The insulating component, placed between the positive and negative electrodes, prevents short circuits while allowing active ions to pass through.

[0046] In some embodiments, the positive electrode may be a positive electrode sheet, which may include a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material disposed on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector.

[0047] As an example, the positive current collector has two surfaces opposite each other in its own thickness direction, and the positive active material is disposed on either or both of the two opposite surfaces of the positive current collector.

[0048] As an example, the positive electrode current collector can be a metal foil or a composite current collector. For example, as a metal foil, it can be aluminum with a silver-plated surface, stainless steel with a silver-plated surface, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, carbon electrode, carbon, nickel, or titanium, etc. Composite current collectors can include a polymer material base layer and a metal layer. Composite current collectors can be formed by forming a metal material (aluminum, aluminum alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver and silver alloy, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as a substrate of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, etc.).

[0049] As an example, the positive electrode active material may include at least one of the following materials: lithium phosphate, lithium transition metal oxide, and their respective modified compounds. However, this application is not limited to these materials, and other conventional materials that can be used as battery positive electrode active materials may also be used. These positive electrode active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Examples of lithium phosphate may include, but are not limited to, at least one of lithium iron phosphate (such as LiFePO4 (also referred to as LFP)), lithium iron phosphate and carbon composites, lithium manganese phosphate (such as LiMnPO4), lithium manganese phosphate and carbon composites, lithium iron manganese phosphate, and lithium iron manganese phosphate and carbon composites. Examples of lithium transition metal oxide may include, but are not limited to, lithium cobalt oxide (such as LiCoO2), lithium nickel oxide (such as LiNiO2), lithium manganese oxide (such as LiMnO2, LiMn2O4), lithium nickel cobalt oxide, lithium manganese cobalt oxide, lithium nickel manganese oxide, and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (such as LiNi). 1 / 3 Co 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 O2 (also known as NCM)333 LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O2 (also known as NCM) 523 LiNi 0.5 Co 0.25 Mn 0.25 O2 (also known as NCM) 211 LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O2 (also known as NCM) 622 LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O2 (also known as NCM) 811 ), lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (such as LiNi) 0.85 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 At least one of O2 and its modified compounds.

[0050] In some embodiments, the positive electrode can be a foamed metal. The foamed metal can be foamed nickel, foamed copper, foamed aluminum, foamed alloys, etc. When foamed metal is used as the positive electrode, the surface of the foamed metal may or may not contain a positive electrode active material. As an example, lithium source material, potassium metal, or sodium metal can also be filled and / or deposited within the foamed metal, where the lithium source material is lithium metal and / or a lithium-rich material.

[0051] In some embodiments, the negative electrode may be a negative electrode sheet, and the negative electrode sheet may include a negative electrode current collector.

[0052] As an example, the negative electrode current collector can be a metal foil, a foamed metal, or a composite current collector. For example, as a metal foil, it can be silver-treated aluminum or stainless steel, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, carbon electrode, nickel, or titanium, etc. Foamed metal can be foamed nickel, foamed copper, foamed aluminum, foamed alloy, etc. Composite current collectors can include a polymer material base layer and a metal layer. Composite current collectors can be formed by forming a metal material (copper, copper alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver and silver alloy, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as a substrate of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, etc.).

[0053] As an example, the negative electrode sheet may include a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material disposed on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector.

[0054] As an example, the negative electrode current collector has two surfaces opposite each other in its own thickness direction, and the negative electrode active material is disposed on either or both of the two opposite surfaces of the negative electrode current collector.

[0055] As an example, the negative electrode active material may be a negative electrode active material known in the art for use in solid-state battery cells. As an example, the negative electrode active material may include at least one of the following materials: artificial graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, silicon-based materials, tin-based materials, and lithium titanate, etc. Silicon-based materials may be selected from at least one of elemental silicon, silicon oxide compounds, silicon-carbon composites, silicon-nitrogen composites, and silicon alloys. Tin-based materials may be selected from at least one of elemental tin, tin oxide compounds, and tin alloys. However, this application is not limited to these materials, and other conventional materials that can be used as negative electrode active materials for batteries may also be used. These negative electrode active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0056] In some embodiments, the positive current collector can be made of aluminum, and the negative current collector can be made of copper.

[0057] In some embodiments, the separator is a solid electrolyte. The solid electrolyte is disposed between the positive and negative electrodes, serving both to transport ions and to isolate the positive and negative electrodes.

[0058] Solid electrolytes include polymer solid electrolytes, inorganic solid electrolytes, and composite solid electrolytes.

[0059] As an example, polymer solid electrolytes can be polyether (polyoxyethylene), polysiloxane, polycarbonate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate, monoionic polymers, polyionic liquids-lithium salts, cellulose, etc.

[0060] As an example, inorganic solid electrolytes may include one or more of the following: oxide solid electrolytes (crystalline perovskite, sodium superconducting ion conductor, garnet, amorphous LiPON thin film), sulfide solid electrolytes (crystalline lithium superconducting ion conductor (lithium germanium phosphate sulfide, silver sulfide germanium ore), amorphous sulfides), halide solid electrolytes, nitride solid electrolytes, and hydride solid electrolytes.

[0061] As an example, composite solid electrolytes are formed by adding inorganic solid electrolyte fillers to polymer solid electrolytes.

[0062] In some implementations, the solid-state battery cell has a wound structure. The positive and negative electrode plates are wound into a wound structure.

[0063] In some implementations, the solid-state battery cell has a stacked structure.

[0064] As an example, multiple positive and negative electrodes can be set, and multiple positive and multiple negative electrodes can be stacked alternately.

[0065] As an example, multiple positive electrode plates can be provided, and negative electrode plates can be folded to form multiple stacked folded segments, with a positive electrode plate sandwiched between adjacent folded segments.

[0066] As an example, both the positive and negative electrode plates are folded to form multiple stacked folded segments.

[0067] As an example, multiple separators can be provided, each positioned between any adjacent positive or negative electrode plates.

[0068] As an example, the separators can be continuously arranged, either by folding or rolling between any adjacent positive or negative electrode plates.

[0069] In some implementations, the solid-state battery cell can be cylindrical, flat, or polygonal, etc.

[0070] As an example, solid-state cells can be cylindrical solid-state cells, prismatic solid-state cells, pouch solid-state cells, or solid-state cells of other shapes.

[0071] The battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module comprising one or more solid-state cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.

[0072] In some embodiments, the battery can be a battery module. When there are multiple solid-state cells, the multiple solid-state cells are arranged and fixed to form a battery module.

[0073] In some embodiments, the battery can be a battery pack, which includes a housing and solid-state cells, with the solid-state cells or battery modules housed within the housing.

[0074] In some embodiments, the housing may be part of the vehicle's chassis structure. For example, a portion of the housing may be at least a part of the vehicle's floor, or a portion of the housing may be at least a part of the vehicle's crossbeams and longitudinal beams.

[0075] In some embodiments, the battery can be an energy storage device. Energy storage devices include energy storage containers, energy storage cabinets, etc.

[0076] Batteries possess outstanding advantages such as high energy density, low environmental pollution, high power density, long lifespan, wide applicability, and low self-discharge coefficient, making them a crucial component of today's new energy development. The development of battery technology must simultaneously consider multiple design factors, such as energy density, cycle life, discharge capacity, and charge / discharge rate.

[0077] In battery technology, to improve energy density and charging speed, batteries are typically designed as solid-state batteries. A solid-state battery consists of a casing and solid-state cells housed within it. Each solid-state cell includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a solid electrolyte layer between the positive and negative electrodes. However, since electron and ion transfer between the positive and negative electrodes in a solid-state battery relies on particle-to-particle contact, external pressure is required to increase the contact area and effectiveness between the electrodes and the electrolyte layer. However, during charging and discharging, the solid-state cells in these batteries experience volume contraction and expansion due to the material's own properties. The expansion effect leads to significant stress accumulation within solid-state batteries, making it impossible to maintain a constant external pressure. This results in reduced contact area or poor contact between the positive and negative electrodes and the solid electrolyte layer during battery use. Consequently, conductivity varies and fluctuates across different locations within the solid-state battery. On one hand, this can easily lead to ion metal deposition during use, and excessive ion metal deposition can even cause breakdown of the solid electrolyte layer, posing a risk of internal short circuits. On the other hand, it can also easily cause battery performance degradation or even failure, negatively impacting battery reliability and lifespan.

[0078] Based on the above considerations, in order to solve the problems of low battery reliability and short lifespan, this application provides a battery comprising a casing and a solid-state battery cell. A sealed space is formed inside the casing. The solid-state battery cell is disposed within the sealed space and includes a first electrode, a solid electrolyte layer, and a second electrode. The first and second electrodes have opposite polarities. The solid electrolyte layer is disposed between the first and second electrodes to separate them. The sealed space is filled with gas, and the gas pressure inside the sealed space is greater than the gas pressure outside the casing.

[0079] In this battery structure, gas is filled into the sealed space of the casing, making the gas pressure inside the sealed space greater than the external gas pressure. This allows the gas inside the sealed space to pressurize the solid-state battery cell, thereby increasing the contact area and contact effect between the first electrode and the solid electrolyte layer, as well as between the second electrode and the solid electrolyte layer. This battery structure allows for pressurization of the solid-state battery cell from multiple directions, which is beneficial for improving the contact area and contact effect at any point between the first electrode and the solid electrolyte layer, and between the second electrode and the solid electrolyte layer. Furthermore, it ensures that the external pressure on the solid-state battery cell is not affected by the cell itself. The effects of contraction and expansion ensure that the external pressure on the solid-state battery cell remains constant. This helps to mitigate the reduction in contact area or poor contact between the first electrode and the solid electrolyte layer, as well as between the second electrode and the solid electrolyte layer, during use. This reduces the occurrence of conductivity differences and fluctuations at different locations within the solid-state battery cell. Furthermore, it alleviates contamination caused by fillers, effectively reducing the risk of internal short circuits resulting from ion metal deposition and breakdown of the solid electrolyte layer. It also effectively reduces the risk of performance degradation or even battery failure during use, thus improving battery reliability and lifespan.

[0080] The batteries disclosed in this application can be used, but are not limited to, in electrical devices such as vehicles, ships, or aircraft. A power system for such an electrical device can be composed of batteries disclosed in this application. This helps to mitigate problems such as internal short circuits or performance degradation during battery use, thereby improving battery reliability and lifespan.

[0081] This application provides an electrical device that uses a battery as a power source. The electrical device can be, but is not limited to, mobile phones, tablets, laptops, electric toys, power tools, electric vehicles, electric cars, ships, spacecraft, etc. Electric toys can include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys, etc. Spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc.

[0082] For ease of explanation, the following embodiments will be described using a vehicle as an example of an electrical device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0083] Please refer to Figure 1, which is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided in some embodiments of this application. The vehicle 1000 can be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a natural gas-powered vehicle, or a new energy vehicle. New energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles, etc. A battery 100 is installed inside the vehicle 1000. The battery 100 can be located at the bottom, front, or rear of the vehicle 1000. The battery 100 can be used to power the vehicle 1000; for example, the battery 100 can serve as the operating power source or general power source for the vehicle 1000. The vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300. The controller 200 controls the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300, for example, to meet the power needs of the vehicle 1000 during startup, navigation, and driving.

[0084] In some embodiments of this application, the battery 100 can not only serve as the operating power or power source for the vehicle 1000, but also as the driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.

[0085] According to some embodiments of this application, referring to Figures 2, 3, and 4, Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a battery 100 provided in some embodiments of this application, Figure 3 is an exploded view of the battery 100 provided in some embodiments of this application, and Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the battery 100 provided in some embodiments of this application. This application provides a battery 100, which includes a housing 10 and a solid-state battery cell 20. A sealed space 11 is formed inside the housing 10. The solid-state battery cell 20 is disposed within the sealed space 11 and includes a first electrode, a solid electrolyte layer, and a second electrode. The first and second electrodes have opposite polarities. The solid electrolyte layer is disposed between the first and second electrodes to separate them. The sealed space 11 is filled with gas, and the gas pressure inside the sealed space 11 is greater than the gas pressure outside the housing 10.

[0086] The housing 10 provides assembly space for the solid-state battery cell 20, and the housing 10 can adopt various structures. In some embodiments, the housing 10 may include a first housing body 12 and a second housing body 13, which overlap each other, and together define a sealed space 11 for accommodating the solid-state battery cell 20. The first housing body 12 may be a hollow structure with an opening at one end, and the second housing body 13 may be a plate-like structure, which covers the opening of the first housing body 12 so that the first housing body 12 and the second housing body 13 together define the sealed space 11; the first housing body 12 and the second housing body 13 may also be hollow structures with an opening on one side, with the opening of the first housing body 12 overlapping the opening of the second housing body 13.

[0087] Of course, the box 10 formed by the first box body 12 and the second box body 13 can be of various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, or a cube. For example, in Figure 2, the shape of the box 10 is a cuboid.

[0088] In the battery 100, there can be one or more solid-state cells 20 disposed within the housing 10. When there are multiple solid-state cells 20 disposed within the housing 10, they can be connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed configuration. A mixed configuration means that multiple solid-state cells 20 are connected in both series and parallel configurations. Multiple solid-state cells 20 can be directly connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed configuration, and then the entire assembly of the multiple solid-state cells 20 is housed within the housing 10. Alternatively, the battery 100 can also be composed of multiple solid-state cells 20 first connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed configuration to form a battery module, and then multiple battery modules are connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed configuration to form a whole, which is then housed within the housing 10.

[0089] In some embodiments, the battery 100 may also include other structures. For example, the battery 100 may also include a busbar for connecting multiple solid-state cells 20 to achieve electrical connection between the multiple solid-state cells 20.

[0090] Optionally, the solid-state battery cell 20 can have various shapes, such as a cuboid, cylinder, prism, or other shapes. For example, in Figure 3, the solid-state battery cell 20 is a cuboid structure.

[0091] The solid-state battery cell 20 includes a first electrode, a solid electrolyte layer, and a second electrode. The first and second electrodes have opposite polarities, meaning they are used as the positive and negative terminals for input or output of the solid-state battery cell 20, respectively. It should be noted that the first electrode, solid electrolyte layer, and second electrode can be a stacked structure or a wound structure.

[0092] A solid electrolyte layer is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode to separate the first electrode and the second electrode. In other words, the solid electrolyte layer is located between the first electrode and the second electrode, which can not only transport ions and electrons, but also separate the first electrode and the second electrode to reduce the risk of short circuit between the first electrode and the second electrode.

[0093] For example, the solid electrolyte layer can be a polymer solid electrolyte layer, an inorganic solid electrolyte layer, or a composite solid electrolyte layer, etc.

[0094] The first electrode may include a first current collector and a first active material layer disposed on the surface of the first current collector facing the solid electrolyte layer. Correspondingly, the second electrode includes a second current collector and a second active material layer disposed on the surface of the second current collector facing the solid electrolyte layer, such that the solid electrolyte layer is located between the first active material layer of the first electrode and the second active material layer of the second electrode.

[0095] For example, if the first electrode is a negative electrode, then the second electrode is a positive electrode. Correspondingly, the first active material layer of the first electrode includes a negative active material, and the second active material layer of the second electrode includes a positive active material. Of course, in other embodiments, the first electrode may also be a positive electrode, and the second electrode may be a negative electrode.

[0096] The sealed space 11 is filled with gas, and the gas pressure inside the sealed space 11 is greater than the gas pressure outside the box 10. In other words, the gas filling the sealed space 11 covers the outside of the solid-state battery cell 20, so that the pressure of the gas inside the sealed space 11 can act on the outer surface of the solid-state battery cell 20 to pressurize the solid-state battery cell 20, thereby increasing the contact effect between the first electrode and the solid electrolyte layer, as well as between the second electrode and the solid electrolyte layer.

[0097] For example, the gas filling the sealed space 11 can be of various types, such as air, nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton or xenon.

[0098] In this embodiment, by filling the sealed space 11 of the housing 10 with gas, the gas pressure inside the sealed space 11 of the housing 10 is made greater than the gas pressure outside the housing 10. This allows the gas inside the sealed space 11 of the housing 10 to pressurize the solid-state battery cell 20, thereby improving the contact area and contact effect between the first electrode and the solid electrolyte layer, and between the second electrode and the solid electrolyte layer. The battery 100 with this structure can pressurize the solid-state battery cell 20 from multiple directions, which is beneficial for improving the contact area and contact effect at any position between the first electrode and the solid electrolyte layer, and between the second electrode and the solid electrolyte layer. Furthermore, it ensures that the external pressure on the solid-state battery cell 20 is not affected by the solid electrolyte layer. The contraction and expansion of the cell 20 ensures that the external pressure on the solid-state cell 20 remains constant. This helps to mitigate the reduction in contact area or poor contact between the first electrode and the solid electrolyte layer, as well as between the second electrode and the solid electrolyte layer, during use. This reduces the occurrence of conductivity differences and fluctuations at different locations in the solid-state cell 20. It also mitigates contamination caused by fillers, effectively reducing the risk of internal short circuits caused by ion metal deposition and breakdown of the solid electrolyte layer. Furthermore, it effectively reduces the risk of performance degradation or even failure of the battery 100 during use, thus improving the reliability and lifespan of the battery 100.

[0099] According to some embodiments of this application, referring to Figures 3 and 4, and further referring to Figure 5, Figure 5 is a front view of a battery 100 (excluding the second housing body 13) provided in some embodiments of this application in the second direction Y. The battery 100 includes a plurality of solid-state cells 20, which are spaced apart in a sealed space 11, and a gas-accommodating gap 30 is formed between two adjacent solid-state cells 20.

[0100] Among them, a gap 30 for accommodating gas is formed between two adjacent solid-state battery cells 20, that is, multiple solid-state battery cells 20 are arranged at intervals, and a gap 30 is formed between each two adjacent solid-state battery cells 20. Correspondingly, the gap 30 can accommodate the gas filled in the sealed space 11.

[0101] For example, in FIG4, a plurality of solid-state cells 20 are arranged at intervals along a first direction X, and a gap 30 is formed between every two adjacent solid-state cells 20 in the first direction X.

[0102] In this embodiment, by arranging multiple solid-state battery cells 20 in the sealed space 11 of the housing 10, and with the multiple solid-state battery cells 20 arranged at intervals, a gap 30 for accommodating gas can be formed between two adjacent solid-state battery cells 20. This not only increases the capacity of the battery 100, but also enables the gas in the sealed space 11 to pressurize the multiple solid-state battery cells 20. It also alleviates the phenomenon of poor pressurization effect of the solid-state battery cells 20 due to mutual contact, which is beneficial to improving the pressurization effect of the multiple solid-state battery cells 20.

[0103] According to some embodiments of this application, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, along the first direction X, the solid-state battery cell 20 has two opposing first surfaces 21, the first surface 21 being the surface with the largest area among the outer surfaces of the solid-state battery cell 20, and a plurality of solid-state battery cells 20 are spaced apart along the first direction X.

[0104] The solid-state battery cell 20 has a cuboid structure. The first surface 21 is the surface of the solid-state battery cell 20 on one side in the first direction X. The first surface 21 is the surface with the largest area on the outer surface of the solid-state battery cell 20. That is, the first direction X is the thickness direction of the solid-state battery cell 20, and the first surface 21 is the surface of the solid-state battery cell 20 on one side in the thickness direction of the solid-state battery cell 20.

[0105] Multiple solid-state battery cells 20 are spaced apart along the first direction X, that is, multiple solid-state battery cells 20 are arranged spaced apart along the thickness direction of the solid-state battery cells 20.

[0106] In this embodiment, the solid-state battery cell 20 has two opposing first surfaces 21 in the first direction X, and the first surface 21 is the surface with the largest area among the outer surfaces of the solid-state battery cell 20. This makes the expansion and contraction amplitude of the solid-state battery cell 20 in the first direction X the largest during use. Thus, by arranging multiple solid-state battery cells 20 at intervals along the first direction X, the first surfaces 21 of two adjacent solid-state battery cells 20 can be made to not contact each other, so that the gas in the sealed space 11 can pressurize the first surfaces 21 of the solid-state battery cell 20 in the first direction X, which is beneficial to improving the pressurization effect of the solid-state battery cell 20.

[0107] According to some embodiments of this application, as shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5, the battery 100 may further include a mounting frame 40, which is disposed within a sealed space 11, and a plurality of solid-state cells 20 are spaced apart and mounted on the mounting frame 40.

[0108] The mounting bracket 40 serves to assemble and fix multiple solid-state battery cells 20. The mounting bracket 40 can be made of non-metallic materials, such as ceramic, rubber, silicone, carbon fiber or plastic. Of course, the mounting bracket 40 can also be made of metal materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum or aluminum alloy.

[0109] Similarly, the structure for mounting the solid-state battery cell 20 on the mounting bracket 40 can be varied. For example, the solid-state battery cell 20 can be mounted on the mounting bracket 40 by means of adhesive bonding, snap-fit, or other structures.

[0110] In this embodiment, by providing a mounting bracket 40 inside the housing 10 of the battery 100, and having multiple solid-state cells 20 spaced apart on the mounting bracket 40, the battery 100 with this structure can reduce the difficulty of spaced multiple solid-state cells 20 in the sealed space 11. It can first assemble multiple solid-state cells 20 spaced apart on the mounting bracket 40 and then assemble them into the sealed space 11 of the housing 10, which helps to reduce the assembly difficulty of the battery 100 and optimize the manufacturing process of the battery 100. On the other hand, it can make multiple solid-state cells 20 form an integral structure through the mounting bracket 40, which helps to improve the stability and reliability of multiple solid-state cells 20 assembled in the sealed space 11.

[0111] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, the mounting bracket 40 is connected to the housing 10.

[0112] For example, the structure by which the mounting bracket 40 is connected to the housing 10 can be various, such as adhesive, snap-fit, or bolted connection.

[0113] In this embodiment, by connecting the mounting bracket 40 to the housing 10, the stability of the mounting bracket 40 assembled in the sealed space 11 is improved, thereby further improving the stability and reliability of the multiple solid-state cells 20 assembled in the sealed space 11, and reducing the shaking or displacement of the solid-state cells 20 in the sealed space 11.

[0114] In some embodiments, the mounting bracket 40 is made of insulating material.

[0115] For example, the mounting bracket 40 may be made of rubber, silicone, or plastic, etc.

[0116] In this embodiment, by setting the mounting bracket 40 as an insulating material, it is beneficial to alleviate the risk of short circuit between the mounting bracket 40 and the solid-state battery cell 20, and to reduce the risk of short circuit between multiple solid-state battery cells 20.

[0117] In some embodiments, the solid-state battery cell 20 is bonded to the mounting bracket 40.

[0118] For example, the solid-state battery cell 20 may be attached to the mounting bracket 40 by means of a structure such as double-sided tape, glue or hot melt adhesive.

[0119] In this embodiment, the solid-state battery cell 20 is assembled onto the mounting bracket 40 using an adhesive connection structure. This facilitates the assembly between the solid-state battery cell 20 and the mounting bracket 40, reducing the connection difficulty between them. Furthermore, it ensures that the connection and assembly between the solid-state battery cell 20 and the mounting bracket 40 does not affect the solid-state battery cell 20, thus mitigating the possibility of the mounting bracket 40 damaging the solid-state battery cell 20.

[0120] According to some embodiments of this application, the gas pressure inside the sealed space 11 is P, which satisfies 0.2MPa≤P≤5MPa. That is, the pressure of the gas filling the sealed space 11 is between 0.2MPa and 5MPa.

[0121] For example, the air pressure P in the enclosed space 11 can be 0.2MPa, 0.3MPa, 0.4MPa, 0.5MPa, 0.6MPa, 0.7MPa, 0.8MPa, 0.9MPa, 1MPa, 1.1MPa, 1.2MPa, 1.5MPa, 1.8MPa, 2MPa, 2.2MPa, 2.5MPa, 2.8MPa, 3MPa, 3.5MPa, 4MPa, 4.5MPa, or 5MPa, etc.

[0122] In this embodiment, by setting the air pressure in the sealed space 11 to 0.2MPa to 5MPa, on the one hand, setting the air pressure in the sealed space 11 to be greater than or equal to 0.2MPa can improve the pressurization effect on the solid-state cell 20, which is beneficial to further improve the contact area and contact effect at any position between the first electrode and the solid electrolyte layer and between the second electrode and the solid electrolyte layer. On the other hand, setting the air pressure in the sealed space 11 to be less than or equal to 5MPa can reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the battery 100 and reduce the requirements for the structural strength and materials of the housing 10, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the battery 100.

[0123] According to some embodiments of this application, a one-way inflation valve (not shown in the figure) is provided on the housing 10. The one-way inflation valve is configured to allow gas to enter the sealed space 11 and prevent gas from exiting the housing 10.

[0124] In one embodiment where the housing 10 includes a first housing body 12 and a second housing body 13, the one-way inflation valve can be located on either the first housing body 12 or the second housing body 13. The specific structure of the one-way inflation valve can be found in related technologies and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0125] In this embodiment, by providing a one-way inflation valve on the housing 10, air can be injected into the sealed space 11 of the housing 10 through the one-way inflation valve and gas can be prevented from escaping from the sealed space 11, thereby facilitating the inflation and pressurization of the sealed space 11 of the housing 10, which helps to reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the battery 100.

[0126] According to some embodiments of this application, as shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4, the box 10 may include a first box body 12 and a second box body 13. The interior of the first box body 12 forms an assembly cavity with an opening, and the second box body 13 covers the opening. The second box body 13 and the first box body 12 together define a sealed space 11.

[0127] For example, in Figures 3 and 4, the first housing body 12 and the second housing body 13 are arranged along the second direction Y and overlap each other. It should be noted that in the embodiment where the battery 100 includes a plurality of solid-state cells 20 and the plurality of solid-state cells 20 are spaced apart along the first direction X, the first housing body 12 and the second housing body 13 are arranged along the second direction Y and overlap each other, and the second direction Y is perpendicular to the first direction X, so that the arrangement direction of the first housing body 12 and the second housing body 13 is perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the plurality of solid-state cells 20, thereby facilitating the assembly of the plurality of solid-state cells 20 into the housing 10, which helps to reduce the assembly difficulty of the battery 100 and improve the production efficiency of the battery 100.

[0128] In this embodiment, by setting the box body to include a first box body 12 and a second box body 13, and the first box body 12 and the second box body 13 cover each other to form a sealed space 11 for accommodating the solid-state battery cell 20, the battery 100 with this structure can reduce the molding difficulty of the sealed space 11, which is beneficial to reducing the manufacturing difficulty of the battery 100. On the other hand, it can reduce the difficulty of assembling the solid-state battery cell 20 into the sealed space 11, which is beneficial to reducing the assembly difficulty of the battery 100.

[0129] According to some embodiments of this application, the gas filled in the sealed space 11 is an inert gas.

[0130] For example, the gas filling the sealed space 11 can be helium, neon, argon, krypton, or xenon, etc.

[0131] In this embodiment, by setting the gas filling the sealed space 11 as an inert gas, the phenomenon of mutual reaction between the gas in the sealed space 11 and the solid-state battery cell 20 can be mitigated, and the phenomenon of contamination of the solid-state battery cell 20 by the gas in the sealed space 11 can be reduced, thereby improving the stability and service life of the battery 100.

[0132] According to some embodiments of this application, this application also provides an electrical device, which includes a battery 100 of any of the above schemes, and the battery 100 is used to provide electrical energy to the electrical device.

[0133] The electrical device can be any of the aforementioned devices or systems that use battery 100.

[0134] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other.

[0135] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A battery, comprising: a box body, an internal space of which is formed as a sealed space; and a solid-state cell disposed in the sealed space, the solid-state cell comprising a first electrode plate, a solid-state electrolyte layer, and a second electrode plate, polarities of the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate being opposite, the solid-state electrolyte layer being disposed between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate to separate the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate; wherein the sealed space is filled with a gas, and a gas pressure in the sealed space is greater than a gas pressure outside the box body. The battery comprises a plurality of the solid-state cells, the plurality of the solid-state cells being spaced apart in the sealed space, and a gap for accommodating the gas being formed between two adjacent solid-state cells.

2. The battery of claim 1, wherein, In a first direction, the solid-state cell has two opposite first surfaces, the first surfaces being surfaces with the largest areas among outer surfaces of the solid-state cell.

3. The battery of claim 2, wherein, The plurality of the solid-state cells are spaced apart in the first direction. The battery further comprises:

4. The battery of claim 2 or 3, wherein, a mounting rack disposed in the sealed space, the plurality of the solid-state cells being spaced apart and mounted on the mounting rack. The mounting rack is connected to the box body.

5. The battery of claim 4, wherein, The mounting rack is made of an insulating material.

6. The battery of claim 4 or 5, wherein, The solid-state cell is bonded to the mounting rack.

7. The battery of any one of claims 4-6, wherein, The gas pressure in the sealed space is P, and 0.2 MPa≤P≤5 MPa is satisfied.

8. The battery of any one of claims 1-7, wherein, The box body is provided with a one-way gas charging valve configured to allow the gas to enter the sealed space and prevent the gas from being discharged out of the box body.

9. The battery of any one of claims 1-8, wherein, The box body comprises:

10. The battery of any one of claims 1-9, wherein, a first box body, an internal space of which is formed as an assembly cavity with an opening; a second box body, which covers the opening and cooperates with the first box body to define the sealed space. The gas filled in the sealed space is an inert gas.

11. The battery of any one of claims 1-10, wherein, 12.A power-using device, comprising the battery of any one of claims 1-11, the battery being configured to provide electric energy. ​

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