Data transmission method and related apparatus

Abstract

A data transmission method and a related apparatus. The data transmission method comprises: a terminal generating first data, wherein the first data is generated by means of scrambling a TB and a DMRS on the basis of an OCC, and the first data comprises data transmitted on a symbol in each slot among X slots and data transmitted within a guard period (GP) of each of the X slots, the data transmitted within the GP of each of the X slots being related to data transmitted on a first symbol corresponding to each slot, the first symbol being included in the X slots, and X being a positive integer greater than 1; the terminal sending the first data; and a network device performing frequency offset estimation on the basis of the data transmitted within the GP of each slot and the first symbol corresponding to each slot.

Description

Data transmission method and related apparatus

[0001] The present application claims priority to the Chinese patent application No. 202410992394.7, filed on July 22, 2024, and entitled "Data transmission method and related apparatus", the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communication, and in particular, to a data transmission method and related apparatus. BACKGROUND

[0003] In a non terrestrial networks (NTN) system, data (including data in a transport block (TB) to be transmitted and data of a DMRS) sent by multiple terminals can be multiplexed on the same time-frequency resource through an orthogonal cover code (OCC) processing manner to improve the utilization of time-frequency resources.

[0004] However, it is found through analysis that when multiple terminals are multiplexed on the same time-frequency resource through the above manner, there can be a problem that frequency offset estimation at the receiving end is not accurate, thereby affecting the multiplexing performance of multiple users (i.e., terminals). SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a data transmission method and related apparatus to improve the accuracy of frequency offset estimation at the receiving end, thereby improving the multiplexing performance of multiple users.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a communication method, which can be executed by a terminal, or can be executed by a component (such as a chip, a chip system, etc.) configured in the terminal, or can be a logic module or software capable of realizing all or part of the terminal functions, and the present application does not limit this.

[0007] Exemplarily, the communication method comprises: generating first data, the first data being generated based on an orthogonal cover code (OCC) scrambling a transport block (TB) and a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), the first data comprising data transmitted on a symbol in each of X time slots and data transmitted on a guard period (GP) of each of the X time slots, the data transmitted on the GP of each of the X time slots being related to the data transmitted on the first symbol corresponding to each time slot, the first symbol being contained in the X time slots, X being a positive integer greater than 1; and transmitting the first data.

[0008] The data transmitted on the GP of each of the X time slots is related to the data transmitted on the first symbol corresponding to each of the time slots, which can also be interpreted as: the data transmitted on the GP of each of the X time slots is associated with the data transmitted on the first symbol corresponding to each of the time slots. It can also be interpreted as: the data transmitted on the GP of each of the X time slots can be obtained based on the data transmitted on the first symbol corresponding to each of the time slots.

[0009] In the technical solution, when the terminal generates the first data by scrambling the TB and the DMRS based on the OCC, the first data includes not only the data transmitted on the symbol included in each of the X time slots, but also the data transmitted on the GP included in each of the X time slots, and the data transmitted on the GP included in each of the time slots is related to the data transmitted on the first symbol corresponding to each of the time slots. In this way, when the network device receives the first data sent by the terminal and performs the de-OCC operation, the network device can perform frequency offset estimation based on the data transmitted on the GP and the data on the corresponding first symbol, so as to improve the accuracy of the frequency offset estimation of the receiving end, thereby improving the multiplexing performance of multiple users.

[0010] In combination with the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the OCC scrambles the DMRS at a time slot granularity, and the first symbol corresponding to each of the time slots is a DMRS symbol for transmitting the DMRS in each of the time slots.

[0011] The data transmitted on the GP of each of the X time slots is the same as the second data transmitted on the DMRS symbol in each of the time slots, the length of the second data occupying in the DMRS symbol is the length of the GP, and the second data is included in the first data.

[0012] That is, in the technical solution, the data transmitted on the GP of each of the time slots can be regarded as a copy of the second data transmitted on the DMRS symbol in each of the time slots.

[0013] Optionally, the second data transmitted on the DMRS symbol in each of the time slots is data transmitted on the front GP length of the DMRS symbol in each of the time slots. That is, the data transmitted on the GP of each of the time slots is the same as the data transmitted on the front GP length of the DMRS symbol in each of the time slots, that is, the data transmitted on the GP of each of the time slots is a copy of the data transmitted on the front GP length of the DMRS symbol in each of the time slots.

[0014] In combination with the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the OCC scrambles the DMRS at a symbol granularity, the first symbol corresponding to each of the time slots is M1 DMRS symbols corresponding to each of the time slots, the M1 DMRS symbols corresponding to each of the time slots are used for transmitting the DMRS, and the value of M1 is the same as the number of elements included in the OCC.

[0015] The data transmitted on the GP of each time slot is based on data transmitted on each of the M1 DMRS symbols corresponding to each time slot.

[0016] Optionally, the data transmitted on the GP of each time slot is obtained by copying data transmitted on the first GP length of each of the M1 DMRS symbols corresponding to each time slot.

[0017] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first symbol corresponding to each time slot is the first symbol in the first time slot of the X time slots.

[0018] The data transmitted on the GP of each time slot is based on the third data and the corresponding element in the OCC, the third data being data before the fourth data transmitted on the first symbol in the first time slot is scrambled by the OCC, the fourth data occupying a length of the GP in the first symbol.

[0019] For example, the fourth data transmitted on the first symbol in the first time slot is data transmitted on the first GP length of the first symbol.

[0020] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first symbol corresponding to each time slot is the first symbol in the first time slot of the X time slots.

[0021] The data transmitted on the GP of each time slot is composed of M2 groups of data, the data in different groups of the M2 groups of data being based on the fifth data scrambled by different elements in the OCC, the fifth data being data before the sixth data transmitted on the first symbol in the first time slot is scrambled by the OCC, the value of M2 being the same as the number of elements in the OCC, the sixth data occupying a length of the GP divided by M2 in the first symbol.

[0022] For example, the sixth data transmitted on the first symbol in the first time slot is data transmitted on the first GP length of the first symbol.

[0023] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first symbol corresponding to each time slot is the i-th symbol in each time slot.

[0024] The data transmitted on the GP of each time slot is based on the seventh data and the corresponding element in the OCC, the seventh data being data before the eighth data transmitted on the i-th symbol in each time slot is processed by the OCC, the eighth data occupying a length of the GP in the i-th symbol.

[0025] ​​For example, the i-th symbol in each time slot is the first symbol in each time slot.

[0026] For example, the eighth data transmitted on the i-th symbol in each time slot is the data transmitted over the first GP length of the i-th symbol.

[0027] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the first symbol corresponding to each time slot is the i-th symbol in each time slot;

[0028] In this context, the data transmitted on the GP in each time slot consists of M3 groups of data. The data in different groups of M3 are obtained by scrambling the ninth data with different elements in the OCC. The ninth data is the data transmitted on the i-th symbol in each time slot before the tenth data is scrambled by the OCC. The value of M3 is the same as the number of elements in the OCC. The length occupied by the tenth data in the i-th symbol is the ratio of the length of the GP to the length of M3.

[0029] For example, the i-th symbol in each time slot is the first symbol in each time slot.

[0030] For example, the tenth data transmitted on the i-th symbol in each time slot is the previous data of the i-th symbol. Data transmitted in terms of length.

[0031] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the method further includes:

[0032] Receive the first information, which is used to indicate the i-th symbol.

[0033] Secondly, this application provides a communication method applied to a network device, comprising:

[0034] First data is received in X time slots. The first data is obtained by scrambling the transport block TB and the demodulation reference signal DMRS based on the orthogonal spreading code OCC. The first data includes data transmitted on the symbols in each of the X time slots and data transmitted on the guard interval GP in each of the X time slots. The data transmitted on the GP in each of the X time slots is related to the data transmitted on the first symbol corresponding to each time slot. The first symbol is contained in X time slots, where X is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0035] Frequency offset estimation is performed based on the data transmitted on the GP in each time slot and the first symbol corresponding to each time slot.

[0036] Thirdly, this application provides an apparatus including modules or units for implementing the methods of the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof. It should be understood that each module or unit can implement its corresponding function by executing a computer program.

[0037] Fourthly, this application provides a communication device including modules or units for implementing the methods of the second aspect and any possible implementation thereof. It should be understood that each module or unit can implement its corresponding function by executing a computer program.

[0038] Fifthly, an apparatus is provided, comprising a processor and a storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause a method as described in the first aspect or any possible implementation thereof to be implemented, or cause a method as described in the second aspect or any possible implementation thereof to be implemented.

[0039] A sixth aspect provides an apparatus comprising a processing circuit for processing data and / or information such that a method as in the first aspect or any possible implementation thereof is implemented, or a method as in the second aspect or any possible implementation thereof is implemented.

[0040] The processing circuit may include one or more processors, or all or part of the circuitry in one or more processors used for control or processing functions.

[0041] Optionally, the apparatus may further include a memory for storing programs or instructions, and the processor for running the programs or instructions to implement the methods as described in the first aspect or any possible implementation thereof, or to implement the methods as described in the second aspect or any possible implementation thereof.

[0042] Optionally, the device may also include the transceiver circuit, or an input / output interface.

[0043] In a seventh aspect, a chip is provided, including processing circuitry for running a program or instructions to cause the method as described in the first aspect or any possible implementation thereof to be implemented, or to cause the method as described in the second aspect or any possible implementation thereof to be implemented.

[0044] Optionally, the chip may further include a memory for storing programs or instructions.

[0045] Optionally, the chip may also include transceiver circuitry, or input / output interfaces.

[0046] Eighthly, an apparatus is provided, comprising one or more processors and a communication circuit, the communication circuit being used by the apparatus to perform at least one of signal input or output; the one or more processors being used to implement a method as described in the first aspect or any possible implementation thereof, or to implement a method as described in the second aspect or any possible implementation thereof.

[0047] A ninth aspect provides a computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause a method as described in the first aspect or any possible implementation thereof to be implemented, or cause a method as described in the second aspect or any possible implementation thereof to be implemented.

[0048] In a tenth aspect, a computer program product is provided, the computer program product comprising computer program code or instructions, which, when executed, cause the method as described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof to be implemented, or cause the method as described in the second aspect and any possible implementation thereof to be implemented.

[0049] Eleventhly, a communication system is provided, the communication system including means for performing the first or second aspect and any possible implementation thereof. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture applicable to an embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a time slot structure at 3.75 kHz;

[0052] Figures 3 and 4 provide exemplary schematic diagrams of resource mapping performed by the terminal.

[0053] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of OCC scrambling performed by the terminal;

[0054] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of OCC scrambling of TB based on time slot granularity;

[0055] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of OCC scrambling of TB by the terminal based on symbol granularity;

[0056] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of scrambling TB and DMRS based on time slot granularity;

[0057] Figure 9 is a flowchart illustrating a data transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0058] Figures 10 to 13 are schematic diagrams of data transmission when the terminal performs OCC scrambling at different granularities according to an embodiment of this application;

[0059] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the data after the network device decodes OCC;

[0060] Figures 15 and 16 are schematic diagrams of data transmission when another terminal performs OCC scrambling at different granularities according to another embodiment of this application;

[0061] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the data after the network device decodes OCC;

[0062] Figures 18 to 20 are schematic diagrams of data transmission when the terminal performs OCC scrambling at different granularities according to another embodiment of this application;

[0063] Figure 21 is a structural schematic diagram of a data transmission device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0064] Figure 22 is a structural schematic diagram of a data transmission device provided in another embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0065] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0066] Before introducing the communication method and related apparatus provided in the embodiments of this application, the following points should be noted:

[0067] First, the use of prefixes such as "first" and "second" in this application is solely for the purpose of distinguishing and describing different things belonging to the same category, and does not constrain the order, size, or quantity of things. For example, "first information" and "second information" are simply different pieces of information, and there is no temporal sequence, size, or priority relationship between them.

[0068] Second, in this application, "send" and "receive" indicate the direction of signal transmission. For example, "send first information to the terminal" can be understood as the destination of the information being the terminal, which may include direct transmission via the air interface or indirect transmission via the air interface by other units or modules. "Receive first information from a network device" can be understood as the source of the first information being the network device, which may include direct reception from the network device via the air interface or indirect reception from the network device via the air interface by other units or modules. "Send" can also be understood as the "output" of the chip interface, and "receive" can also be understood as the "input" of the chip interface.

[0069] In other words, sending and receiving can occur between devices, such as between a terminal and a network device; or they can occur within a device, such as between components, modules, chips, software modules, or hardware modules within a device via a bus, wiring, or interface.

[0070] Third, in this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates an "or" relationship between the preceding and following related objects, but it does not exclude the possibility of indicating an "and" relationship; the specific meaning can be understood in context. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can mean: a, b, c; a and b; a and c; b and c; or a and b and c. Here, a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0071] Fourth, in the embodiments of this application, "when," "if," and "if" all refer to the device making corresponding processing under certain objective circumstances, and are not limited to a time, nor do they require the device to make a judgment action when it is implemented, nor do they mean that there are other limitations.

[0072] Fifth, for ease of understanding, this application uses multiple accompanying drawings to describe the method provided in this application. These drawings are merely examples and should not be construed as limiting the application in any way. For example, the order of steps shown in the drawings can be easily changed according to their function and internal logic; or, for example, all steps in the drawings can be performed, or only some of them can be performed, as long as the same function as in the embodiments of this application can be achieved.

[0073] Sixth, in this application, the words "example," "exemplarily," "for example," or "such as" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design described as "example," "exemplarily," "for example," or "such as" in this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the words "example," "exemplarily," "for example," or "such as" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0074] The technical solution provided in this application can be applied to 5th-Generation (5G) communication systems or future communication systems. For example, one application scenario of the technical solution provided in this application is satellite communication.

[0075] With the development of information technology, there are more urgent requirements for efficient, mobile, and diverse communication, leading to the emergence of on-terrestrial network (NTN) technology. Compared to terrestrial mobile communication networks, NTNs utilize typical communication equipment such as satellites in their network deployment to achieve true global network coverage, and their advantages and strategic importance are self-evident.

[0076] The integration of satellite communication systems and 5G, leveraging their respective strengths and compensating for their weaknesses, forms a seamless global communication network covering land, sea, air, and space. This comprehensive network meets the diverse and ubiquitous service needs of users and represents a crucial direction for future communication development. By introducing satellites, communication services can be provided not only to areas such as oceans and forests where terrestrial networks cannot reach, but also the reliability of 5G communication can be enhanced. For example, it ensures that users on airplanes, trains, and other modes of transportation receive higher-quality communication services. Furthermore, it provides more data transmission resources for 5G communication, increasing network speeds. Therefore, simultaneously supporting communication with terrestrial, satellite, and drone base stations is an inevitable trend in future 5G communication, offering significant benefits in terms of wide coverage, reliability, multiple connections, and high throughput. Current developments in satellite mobile communication exhibit two key characteristics: 1) Miniaturization of mobile terminals: supporting various mobile communication terminals, including handheld devices; 2) Broadband communication services: in addition to traditional narrowband voice services, it also provides high-speed data services and Internet multimedia communication services.

[0077] For example, Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 1, in the communication network that integrates NR and NTN, the ground mobile terminal accesses the network through the 5G New Radio interface, and the 5G base station is deployed on a satellite and connected to the ground core network through a wireless link. Simultaneously, wireless links exist between satellites to complete signaling interaction and user data transmission between base stations. The various network elements in Figure 1 and their interfaces are described below:

[0078] Terminal: Also known as terminal equipment, user equipment (UE), access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication equipment, user agent or user equipment, access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile equipment, user terminal, wireless telecom equipment, user agent, user equipment or user equipment.

[0079] A terminal can be a device that provides voice and / or data connectivity to a user, such as a handheld device or vehicle-mounted device with wireless connectivity. Currently, examples of terminals include: mobile phones, tablets, laptops, PDAs, mobile internet devices (MIDs), wearable devices, virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in self-driving, wireless terminals in remote medical surgery, wireless terminals in smart grids, wireless terminals in transportation safety, wireless terminals in smart cities, wireless terminals in smart homes, cellular phones, cordless phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistants (PDAs), handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, computing devices or other processing devices connected to wireless modems, wearable devices, terminals in 5G networks, or future public land mobile communication networks. The embodiments of this application do not limit the scope of terminals, etc. in a network (PLMN).

[0080] As an example, and not a limitation, terminal devices can also be IoT nodes. IoT is an important component of future information technology development. Its main technical characteristic is connecting objects to networks via communication technologies, thereby achieving intelligent networks that enable human-machine and machine-to-machine interconnection. Connectivity can be achieved through broadband or narrowband technologies. IoT technology, for example, can achieve massive connectivity, deep coverage, and low terminal power consumption through narrowband (NB) technology. IoT technologies include reflective communication, spread spectrum, and ultra-wideband (UWB), which will not be elaborated further.

[0081] As an example and not a limitation, in this embodiment, the terminal device can also be a wearable device. Wearable devices, also known as wearable smart devices, are a general term for devices that utilize wearable technology to intelligently design and develop everyday wearables, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing, and shoes. Wearable devices are portable devices that are worn directly on the body or integrated into the user's clothing or accessories. Wearable devices are not merely hardware devices, but also achieve powerful functions through software support, data interaction, and cloud interaction. Broadly speaking, wearable smart devices include those that are feature-rich, large in size, and can achieve complete or partial functions without relying on a smartphone, such as smartwatches or smart glasses, as well as those that focus on a specific type of application function and require the use of other devices such as smartphones, such as various smart bracelets and smart jewelry for vital sign monitoring.

[0082] In this embodiment, the device for implementing the functions of the terminal device can be the terminal device itself; or it can be a device capable of supporting the terminal device in implementing the functions, such as a chip system. This device can be installed in the terminal device or used in conjunction with the terminal device. In this embodiment, the chip system can be composed of chips, or it can include chips and other discrete components.

[0083] 5G base station: In a 5G network, a radio access network (RAN) node (or device) connects terminals to the wireless network. It can also be called access network equipment, network equipment, or an evolved Node B (gNB). Its main functions are to provide radio access services, allocate radio resources to access terminals, and provide reliable radio transmission protocols and data encryption protocols. Network equipment can be a node in the RAN, also known as a base station or RAN node (or device). Network equipment can be an evolved Node B (eNB or eNodeB) in LTE; a next-generation Node B (gNB) in 5G networks; a base station in a future public land mobile network (PLMN); a broadband network gateway (BNG); an aggregation switch; or a non-3GPP access device, etc. Optionally, the network equipment in this application embodiment may include various forms of base stations, such as: macro base stations, micro base stations (also known as small stations), relay stations, access points, equipment that implements base station functions in communication systems evolved after 5G, transmitting and receiving points (TRPs), transmitting points (TPs), mobile switching centers, and equipment that undertakes base station functions in device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), and machine-to-machine (M2M) communications. It may also include centralized units (CUs) and distributed units (DUs) in cloud radio access networks (C-RAN) systems, and network equipment in NTN communication systems, i.e., it can be deployed on high-altitude platforms or satellites. This application embodiment does not specifically limit this.

[0084] The base station deployed on the satellite in this application may also be referred to as a satellite base station.

[0085] 5G core network: This refers to the equipment in the core network (CN) that provides service support for terminal devices in a 5G network. It consists of multiple functional units, mainly including user equipment functions (UPF) and control plane functions. The UPF is primarily responsible for packet forwarding, quality of service (QoS) control, billing information statistics, and connecting to external networks. The control plane functions are mainly responsible for service process interaction, issuing packet forwarding policies to the user plane, and QoS control policies. For example, the network elements in the control plane functions mainly include: access and mobility function (AMF), session management function (SMF), policy control function (PCF), application function (AF), and network exposure function (NEF). Detailed concepts of each network element can be found in relevant technical descriptions and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0086] Ground station: Responsible for forwarding signaling and service data between satellite base stations and the 5G core network.

[0087] 5G NR: Wireless link between terminal and base station.

[0088] Xn interface: The interface between 5G base stations, mainly used for signaling interactions such as handover.

[0089] NG interface: The interface between 5G base stations and 5G core networks, mainly used for exchanging non-access stratum (NAS) signaling of the core network and user service data.

[0090] Currently, NTN systems suffer from significant path propagation loss and limited satellite transmit power, resulting in poor link budgets for terminals. Therefore, to ensure correct data demodulation, one approach is to repeatedly transmit data from terminal devices. For narrowband Internet of Things (NB IoT), the number of time slots occupied by the narrowband Physical Uplink Shared Channel (NPUSCH) is... Where N rep N represents the number of repetitions. RU This indicates the number of resource units (RUs) occupied by a transport block (TB). This indicates the number of time slots occupied by a RU.

[0091] Specifically, The number of subcarriers occupied by the transport block is determined, as shown in Table 1.

[0092] Table 1

[0093] As can be seen from Table 1, the duration of each time slot may vary under different sub-carrier space (SCS) sizes, but all of them include 7 orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, which can also be abbreviated as OS.

[0094] For 3.75kHz, as shown in Figure 2, each time slot ends with a guard period (GP). This frame structure is designed to align with the frame boundaries of the 15kHz SCS, and the duration of this guard period is specified in the protocol (see Table 2). Assume the number of data symbol samples for 3.75kHz is 8192, the CP length is 256 samples, and the GP length is 2304 samples.

[0095] Table 2

[0096] In Table 2, N represents the number of sampling points. CP,l represents the cyclic prefix length, l represents the symbol index, and k represents the subcarrier index.

[0097] Specifically, N RU N rep The number of subcarriers occupied by the transport block is indicated to the terminal by the corresponding field in the downlink control information (DCI) of the scheduled NPUSCH. Accordingly, the terminal determines the number of subcarriers occupied based on the I in the DCI. RU and I Rep The values ​​of N are determined based on Tables 3 and 4. rep and N RU .

[0098] Table 3

[0099] Table 4

[0100] Simultaneously, the DCI for scheduling NPUSCH also indicates the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) used by the TB in this scheduling; correspondingly, the terminal determines the index of the TBS corresponding to the indicated MCS based on the correspondence between the MCS and the transport block size (TBS) index, and then based on I... RU The correspondence between the index of TBS and the bit size of TB is further used to determine the bit size of the transmitted TB.

[0101] Referring to Tables 5 and 6, Table 5 shows a correspondence between the indices of MCS and TBS, and Table 6 shows a correspondence between the indices of MCS and TBS, and the correspondence between the index of TBS and the bit size of TB.

[0102] Table 5

[0103] Table 6

[0104] Once the terminal determines the number of time slots occupied by the NPUSCH, the resource mapping method of the PUSCH and its repetition count N are determined. rep Yes, they are related. Specifically, the terminal divides TB into multiple sub-blocks, each sub-block occupying N. slots Time slot, every N slots The sub-blocks of the time slot will be processed first. This process is repeated several times until the entire TB of data mapping is complete, then the remaining repetitions are performed. For example, when the number of subcarriers is 1, N... slots and The value of N is fixed at 1. When the number of subcarriers is 2, N slots The value of is fixed at 2, while

[0105] For example, Figure 3 shows the effect at an SCS of 3.75 kHz. N rep =8、 N slots =2, N RU The resource mapping method corresponding to SCS = 1. For example, Figure 4 shows the resource mapping method when SCS is 15kHz. N rep =8、 N slots =2, N RUThe resource mapping method corresponding to 2. In Figures 3 and 4, RV0 and RV1 represent the two redundant versions (RV) used by the terminal.

[0106] However, when the terminal sends data repeatedly, the increased number of repetitions leads to a decrease in the resource utilization of the terminal and the system, which in turn results in a reduction in capacity.

[0107] Since there are no scatterers in the propagation path between multiple terminals that are close to each other, the channel has a strong direct component, the spatial correlation between the channels from multiple terminals to the satellite is extremely high, and the path loss of these multiple terminals that are close to each other is often similar, their link budget is also similar, and the number of repetitions required may also be close. Therefore, a method based on OCC scrambling has been proposed to multiplex multiple terminals on the same resources to improve resource utilization.

[0108] For example, Figure 5 illustrates a schematic diagram of multiple terminal devices multiplexing on the same resource. As shown in Figure 5, there are four UEs, referred to as UE1, UE2, UE3, and UE4. UE1 to UE4 occupy the same target time-frequency resource. To distinguish the data transmitted by these four UEs on the target time-frequency resource, the four UEs can obtain their respective data transmitted on the target time-frequency resource through scrambling using mutually orthogonal OCCs: UE1 uses OCC1 to generate the data transmitted on the target time-frequency resource, UE2 uses OCC2 to generate the data transmitted on the target time-frequency resource, UE3 uses OCC3 to generate the data transmitted on the target time-frequency resource, and UE4 uses OCC4 to generate the data transmitted on the target time-frequency resource. Accordingly, for the receiving end, the data of each UE is decoded using the OCC corresponding to each UE.

[0109] For example, if the length of the OCC is L, and assuming that the OCC1 used by UE1 is {a1,…,aL} and the OCC2 used by UE2 is {b1,…,bL}, then UE1 generates L repetitions based on OCC1, i.e., {a1*s1,…,aL*s1}, and UE2 generates L repetitions based on OCC2, i.e., {b1*s2,…,bL*s2}. Correspondingly, the receiving end obtains the data transmitted by UE1 on the target time-frequency resource based on OCC1, and obtains the data transmitted by UE2 on the target time-frequency resource based on OCC2.

[0110] Based on the aforementioned PUSCH resource mapping method, when using OCC to scramble TB, the granularity of OCC can be at the time slot level (or N for multi-carrier scheduling). slotsThe OCC can be classified as either a level (symbol level) or an RV level. In this application, the length of the OCC can be considered as the number of elements included in the OCC.

[0111] For example, Figures 6 and 7 show schematic diagrams of scrambling TB at the time slot granularity (Figure 6) and OCC scrambling at the symbol granularity (Figure 7), with an OCC length of 2 and OCC including elements w0 and w1. Different numbers in the boxes in Figures 6 and 7 indicate different transmitted data.

[0112] As shown in Figure 6, when the terminal scrambles the TB at the time slot granularity, the terminal multiplies the data to be transmitted in one time slot with the elements w0 and w1 in the OCC to obtain two consecutive repetitions. As shown in Figure 7, when the terminal scrambles the TB at the symbol granularity, the terminal multiplies the data to be transmitted in one symbol with the elements w0 and w1 in the OCC to obtain two consecutive repetitions.

[0113] However, in NB-IoT, since the demodulation reference signal (DMRS) is configured at the cell level, the DMRS sequence is identical for all terminals in the cell when the number of time slots occupied by each terminal's NPUSCH is the same. In this case, when OCC is used to allow different terminals to reuse the same time-frequency resources, the DMRS of these terminals cannot be distinguished, further hindering channel estimation.

[0114] Therefore, in one current implementation, the terminal also performs OCC scrambling on the DMRS along with the data in the same time slot. For example, as shown in Figure 8, assuming the OCC is {w0, w1}, the granularity of OCC scrambling is at the time slot level. The terminal multiplies both the DMRS and the TB of data to be transmitted by the same element of the OCC. Correspondingly, the receiver despreads the DMRS within the time slot of the OCC length to remove interference from other users before performing channel estimation.

[0115] In existing protocols, terminals perform frequency offset pre-compensation when transmitting uplink data. The protocol stipulates that the residual frequency offset of the data transmitted by the terminal needs to be limited to 0.1 ppm (parts per million), which is 200 Hz for a 2 GHz center carrier frequency. The phase rotation caused by the residual frequency offset affects the orthogonality of the OCC (Optical Cross-Crossing). Generally, at the receiver, frequency offset can be estimated using two consecutive DMRS (Digital Direct Reflectance Systems), and then the phase rotation caused by the residual frequency offset can be eliminated based on the frequency offset estimation result.

[0116] However, analysis revealed that when data sent by multiple terminals and DMRS are scrambled using an orthogonal cover code (OCC) and reused on the same time-frequency resources, there may be inaccurate frequency offset estimation at the receiver, which could affect the multiplexing performance of multiple users (i.e., terminals).

[0117] For example, when the OCC length is 2, taking the illustration in Figure 8 as an example, it is necessary to jointly superimpose time slots 1 and 2 to remove interference, obtaining the user's first interference-removed DMRS, and the combined DMRS is DMRS1+DMRS2; similarly, jointly superimpose time slots 3 and 4 to remove interference, obtaining the target user's second interference-removed DMRS, and the combined DMRS is DMRS3+DMRS4. Then, the phase difference of the channel estimated by these two DMRSs is used for frequency offset estimation. The effect at this time is equivalent to (DMRS3+DMRS4)-(DMRS1+DMRS2)=(DMRS4-DMRS2)+(DMRS3-DMRS1). It can be seen that when the OCC length is 2, the two DMRSs used to estimate the frequency offset are separated by at least two time slot lengths. Taking a 200Hz frequency offset as an example, the phase rotation of different time slot intervals in the 15kHz and 3.75kHz subcarrier scenarios is shown in Table 7. It can be seen that for the 3.75kHz subcarrier interval, the phase rotation of two time slots has exceeded pi, which will lead to inaccurate frequency offset estimation and affect the multiplexing performance of multiple users (i.e., terminals).

[0118] Table 7

[0119] In view of this, this application provides a data transmission method and related apparatus to improve the accuracy of frequency offset estimation at the receiving end, thereby improving the multiplexing performance of multiple users.

[0120] The data transmission method provided in this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0121] Figure 9 is a schematic flowchart of the data transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 9 only illustrates the method from the perspective of network device and terminal interaction, and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of this application in any way. The network device in Figure 9 can be replaced by components configured in the network device (such as chips, chip systems, processors, etc.), or logical modules or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the network device; the terminal in Figure 9 can be replaced by components configured in the terminal (such as chips, chip systems, processors, etc.), or logical modules or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the terminal.

[0122] As shown in Figure 9, the method includes S901 to S903.

[0123] S901, the terminal generates first data. The first data is generated by scrambling TB and DMRS based on orthogonal spreading code OCC. The first data includes data transmitted on symbols in each of the X time slots and data transmitted on GP in each of the X time slots. The data transmitted on GP in each of the X time slots is related to the data transmitted on the first symbol corresponding to each time slot. The first symbol is contained in X time slots, where X is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0124] S902: The terminal sends the first data, and the corresponding network device receives the first data.

[0125] S903, the network device performs frequency offset estimation based on the data transmitted on the GP of each time slot and the first symbol corresponding to each time slot.

[0126] In this embodiment, the GP for each of the X time slots is located after the last symbol included in each time slot. In this embodiment, the length of the GP is referred to as the GP length.

[0127] For example, each time slot includes seven OFDM symbols, and the corresponding GP is located after these seven OFDM symbols.

[0128] In this embodiment, when the terminal generates the first data for air interface transmission by scrambling TB and DMRS based on OCC, the generated first data includes not only the data transmitted on the symbols in each of the X time slots, but also the data transmitted on the guard interval (GP) of each of the X time slots. Specifically, the data transmitted by the terminal on the last GP of each time slot is related to the data transmitted on the first symbol corresponding to each time slot.

[0129] The data transmitted on the GP in each of the X time slots is related to the data transmitted on the first symbol corresponding to each time slot. This can also be interpreted as: the data transmitted on the GP in each of the X time slots is associated with the data transmitted on the first symbol corresponding to each time slot. Alternatively, it can be interpreted as: the data transmitted on the GP in each of the X time slots can be obtained based on the data transmitted on the first symbol corresponding to each time slot.

[0130] For example, in the first implementation: if OCC scrambles the DMRS at the time slot granularity, the first symbol corresponding to each time slot is the symbol of the transmitted DMRS in each time slot (the symbol of the transmitted DMRS is also called the DMRS symbol). The data transmitted on the GP in each of the X time slots is the same as the second data transmitted on the DMRS symbol in each time slot. The second data occupies a length equal to the length of the GP in the DMRS symbol, and the second data is contained within the first data. It is understood that the data transmitted on the DMRS symbol in this first implementation is the data obtained after OCC scrambling of the DMRS data.

[0131] For example, the second data is the data transmitted over the first GP length of the DMRS symbol. That is, the data transmitted on the GP of each time slot is the same as the data transmitted over the first GP length of the DMRS symbol in each time slot; in other words, the data transmitted on the GP of each time slot is a copy of the data transmitted over the first GP length of the DMRS symbol in each time slot.

[0132] For example, the second data is the data transmitted on the GP length after the CP of the DMRS symbol. That is, the data transmitted on the GP of each time slot is the same as the data transmitted on the GP length after the CP of the DMRS symbol in each time slot. In other words, the data transmitted on the GP of each time slot is a copy of the data transmitted on the GP length after the CP of the DMRS symbol in each time slot.

[0133] For example, assuming each symbol includes 132 sampling points, with CP occupying 4 sampling points and GP occupying 36 sampling points, the data of the GP part of each time slot can be the data of the DMRS symbol after CP (4) + 32 points, or it can be the first 36 sampling points of the DMRS symbol other than CP (i.e., the starting position of the data copied by GP is 36 sampling points after CP).

[0134] It is understood that this example only uses data transmitted on the first GP length of the DMRS symbol as the second data, or data transmitted on the GP length after the CP in the DMRS symbol as the second data, but it does not constitute a limitation of the embodiments of this application. For example, the second data may also be data transmitted on the last GP length of the DMRS symbol, or data transmitted on the middle part of the DMRS symbol, the length of which occupies the same as the GP length in the DMRS symbol.

[0135] Optionally, the first data transmitted on X time slots is generated by performing OCC scrambling on both the TB and DMRS to be transmitted at the time slot granularity. For example, Figure 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of obtaining transmitted data by performing OCC scrambling on both the TB and DMRS to be transmitted at the time slot granularity. In this example, the OCC length used is 2. As shown in Figure 10, after the terminal performs OCC scrambling on the TB and DMRS to be transmitted at the time slot granularity, the terminal will ultimately transmit the data on four time slots: #00, #01, #02, and #03, and it will be transmitted twice based on the OCC scrambling. In Figure 10, each cell represents a symbol, and different letters on the cell represent different transmitted data. Adding "-1" after each letter indicates that the content represented by that letter is multiplied by the first element in the OCC, and adding "-2" after each letter indicates that the content represented by that letter is multiplied by the second element in the OCC. In this application, when the terminal transmits data on these four time slots, data is also transmitted on the GP of each time slot. For example, as shown in Figure 10, the data transmitted on the GP of each time slot is a copy of the data transmitted in the first GP length of the DMRS symbol of each time slot. The data transmitted on the DMRS symbol of each time slot is obtained after scrambling by OCC.

[0136] Optionally, the data transmitted on the X time slots is generated by OCC scrambling of the TB to be transmitted at the symbol granularity and OCC scrambling of the DMRS at the time slot granularity.

[0137] For example, Figure 11 illustrates OCC scrambling of the TB to be transmitted at the symbol granularity and DMRS scrambling at the time slot granularity. In this example, the OCC length used is 2. As shown in Figure 11, after the terminal performs OCC scrambling of the TB to be transmitted at the symbol granularity and DMRS scrambling at the time slot granularity, the terminal will ultimately transmit the TB and DMRS in four time slots: time slot #10, time slot #11, time slot #12, and time slot #13, and the transmission will be repeated twice based on the OCC scrambling. Similarly, each cell in Figure 11 represents a symbol, and different letters in the cell represent different transmitted data. Adding "-1" after each letter indicates that the content represented by that letter is multiplied by the first element in the OCC, and adding "-2" after each letter indicates that the content represented by that letter is multiplied by the second element in the OCC. In this application, when data is transmitted on the four time slots #10, #11, #12 and #13 of the terminal, data is also transmitted on the GP of each time slot. For example, as shown in Figure 11, the data transmitted on the GP of each time slot is a copy of the data transmitted in the first GP length of the DMRS symbol of each time slot, and the data transmitted on the DMRS symbol of each time slot is obtained by scrambling the DMRS through OCC.

[0138] For example, in the second implementation: the DMRS is scrambled at the symbol level by the OCC. The first symbol corresponding to each time slot is M1 DMRS symbols corresponding to each time slot. The M1 DMRS symbols corresponding to each time slot are used to transmit the DMRS, and the value of M1 is the same as the number of elements included in the OCC. The data transmitted on the GP of each time slot is obtained based on the data transmitted on each of the M1 DMRS symbols corresponding to each time slot. It is understood that the data transmitted on each of the M1 DMRS symbols in this second implementation is the data obtained after the DMRS has been scrambled by the OCC.

[0139] Understandably, in this second implementation, every M1 consecutive time slots within X time slots correspond to the same M1 DMRS symbols. That is, it can be interpreted as: every M1 consecutive time slots within X time slots correspond to the same M1 DMRS symbols. For example, if OCC equals 2, and DMRS is scrambled at the symbol granularity, after OCC scrambling, the terminal ultimately transmits over X equals 4 time slots. In this case, the two DMRS symbols corresponding to each of the first two time slots of these 4 time slots are the two DMRS symbols in the first time slot, and the two DMRS symbols corresponding to each of the last two time slots of these 4 time slots are the two DMRS symbols in the third time slot. In other words, the two DMRS symbols corresponding to the first two time slots of these 4 time slots are the same, and the two DMRS symbols corresponding to the last two time slots of these 4 time slots are the same.

[0140] For example, in this second implementation, the number of sampling points occupied by the GP is N, and the data transmitted on the GP in each time slot is divided into M1 parts. The data in each of the M1 parts is the same as the data transmitted in the first N / M1 length of the M1 DMRS symbols. That is, it can be considered that the data transmitted on the GP in each time slot is a copy of the data transmitted in the first N / M1 length of the M1 DMRS symbols.

[0141] For example, if each time slot contains two DMRS symbols, then the GP can be divided into two parts. The first N / 2 length of data in the GP is copied from the first N / 2 length of data in the first DMRS symbol, and the last N / 2 length of data in the GP is copied from the first N / 2 length of data in the second DMRS symbol.

[0142] For example, if each time slot contains 4 DMRS symbols, then the GP can be divided into four parts, each with a length of N / 4. The data in each part comes from the first N / 4 sampling points of the DMRS symbol after OCC scrambling.

[0143] It should be noted that this example only uses the case where the data in each of the M1 parts is the same as the data transmitted in the first N / M1 length of the M1 DMRS symbols, but it does not constitute a limitation of the embodiments of this application. For example, the data in each of the M1 parts are copies of the data transmitted in the last N / M1 length of the M1 DMRS symbols, or the data in each of the M1 parts are copies of the data transmitted in the middle N / M1 length of the M1 DMRS symbols.

[0144] Optionally, the first data transmitted on the X time slots is generated by OCC scrambling of both the TB and DMRS to be transmitted at the symbol granularity.

[0145] For example, Figure 12 illustrates a schematic diagram of OCC scrambling performed on the TB and DMRS to be transmitted at the symbol granularity to obtain the transmitted data. In this example, the OCC length used is 2. As shown in Figure 12, after the terminal performs OCC scrambling on the TB and DMRS to be transmitted at the symbol granularity, the terminal will eventually transmit the TB and DMRS in four time slots: #20, #21, #22, and #23. After being OCC scrambled, the data is ultimately transmitted twice. It can be seen that this example differs from the examples shown in Figures 10 and 11 in that the original 7 symbols in one time slot (6 symbols for transmitting the TB + 1 DMRS symbol) are expanded into 14 symbols, and the expanded DMRS occupies two consecutive symbols. The content of these two symbols is composed of the content of the original DMRS multiplied by different elements of the OCC sequence. In this application, when the terminal transmits on these four time slots, data is also transmitted on the GP of each time slot containing the DMRS symbol. For example, as shown in Figure 12, the data transmitted on the GP of time slots #20 and #21 is a copy of the data transmitted on the first GP length / 2 of the two DMRS symbols used for transmitting DMRS in time slot #20, and the data transmitted on the GP of time slots #22 and #23 is a copy of the data transmitted on the first GP length / 2 of the two DMRS symbols used for transmitting DMRS in time slot #22.

[0146] Understandably, when the terminal uses implementation methods 1) and 2) to transmit the first data, for the network device, after completing the OCC decoding operation on the DMRS, the network device can use the data transmitted on the GP and the data transmitted on the DMRS symbols to perform frequency offset estimation. As shown in Figure 13, the time domain interval between the DMRS symbol in the first time slot and the GP in the first time slot is still 3 symbols, but the interval between the GP in the first time slot and the subsequent DMRS symbols is 4 + 7 * (OCC length - 1) symbols. This is equivalent to constructing a new DMRS for the network device to perform frequency offset estimation without changing the DMRS symbols and density. Since the length of 4 + 7 * (OCC length - 1) symbols is less than the length of two time slots, the accuracy of the network device in performing frequency offset estimation can be improved.

[0147] For example, in the third implementation, the first symbol corresponding to each time slot is the first symbol in the first time slot out of X time slots. The data transmitted on the GP in each time slot is obtained based on the third data and the corresponding element in the OCC. The third data is the data transmitted on the first symbol in the first time slot before the fourth data is scrambled by the OCC, and the length occupied by the fourth data in the first symbol is the length of the GP.

[0148] The third data is the data transmitted on the first symbol in the first time slot before OCC scrambling, that is: the fourth data can be obtained after the third data is scrambled by OCC.

[0149] Optionally, the data transmitted on the X time slots is generated by performing OCC scrambling on both the TB and DMRS to be transmitted at the time slot granularity. Alternatively, the data transmitted on the X time slots is generated by performing OCC scrambling on both the TB and DMRS to be transmitted at the symbol granularity.

[0150] It should be noted that this application does not impose any specific restrictions on the position of the fourth data in the DMRS symbol. For example, the fourth data may be data transmitted over the first GP length of the first symbol, or the fourth data may be data transmitted over the last GP length of the first symbol; or the fourth data may be data transmitted over the middle GP length.

[0151] For example, Figure 14 illustrates a data transmission using OCC scrambling at the time slot granularity. In this example, the OCC length is 2. As shown in Figure 14, after the terminal performs OCC scrambling on the data in the TB and DMRS to be transmitted at the time slot granularity, the terminal will ultimately transmit the TB and DMRS on four time slots: time slot #30, time slot #31, time slot #32, and time slot #33. Based on the OCC scrambling, the data is ultimately transmitted twice. In this application, when the terminal transmits on these four time slots, data is also transmitted on the GP of each time slot. For example, the data transmitted on the GP of each time slot is the data transmitted in the first symbol of the first time slot before OCC scrambling, multiplied by the element in the corresponding OCC. For example, if two elements in an OCC of length 2 are called w0 and w1 respectively, then: the data transmitted on the GP in time slot #30 is the data obtained by multiplying w0 with the data transmitted in the first GP length of the first symbol (i.e., the fourth data) before OCC scrambling (i.e., the third data); the data transmitted on the GP in time slot #31 is the data obtained by multiplying w1 with the data transmitted in the first GP length of the first symbol (i.e., the fourth data) before OCC scrambling (i.e., the third data); the data transmitted on the GP in time slot #32 is the data obtained by multiplying w0 with the data transmitted in the first GP length of the first symbol (i.e., the fourth data) before OCC scrambling (i.e., the third data); and the data transmitted on the GP in time slot #33 is the data obtained by multiplying w1 with the data transmitted in the first GP length of the first symbol (i.e., the fourth data) before OCC scrambling (i.e., the third data).

[0152] For example, in the fourth implementation: the first symbol corresponding to each time slot is the first symbol in the first time slot of X time slots; wherein, the data transmitted on the GP of each time slot consists of M2 groups of data, and the data in different groups of M2 groups of data are obtained by scrambling the fifth data with different elements in the OCC. The fifth data is the data of the sixth data transmitted on the first symbol of the first time slot before it is scrambled by the OCC. The value of M2 is the same as the number of elements in the OCC. The length occupied by the sixth data in the first symbol is the ratio of the length of the GP to M2.

[0153] Optionally, the data transmitted over X time slots is generated by performing OCC scrambling on both the TB and DMRS to be transmitted at the time slot granularity. Alternatively, the data transmitted over X time slots is generated by performing OCC scrambling on both the TB and DMRS to be transmitted at the symbol granularity; or, the data transmitted over X time slots is generated by performing OCC scrambling on the TB to be transmitted and scrambling the DMRS at the time slot granularity.

[0154] That is, the difference between the fourth and third implementations is that the data transmitted on the GP in each time slot is the same.

[0155] For example, Figure 15(a) shows a data transmission diagram with OCC scrambling of the TB to be transmitted at the symbol granularity and DMRS scrambling at the time slot granularity. Figure 15(b) shows a data transmission diagram with scrambling of both the TB and DMRS to be transmitted at the symbol granularity. In the examples of Figure 15(a) and Figure 15(b), the OCC length used is 2. After the terminal scrambles based on OCC, it will eventually transmit the TB and DMRS in two time slots, #40 and #41, and the transmission will be repeated twice based on OCC scrambling. In this application, when the terminal transmits on the two time slots #40 and #41, data is also transmitted on the GP of each time slot. For example, the data transmitted on the GP of each time slot can consist of two parts. The first part of the data is obtained by the fifth data and the first element in the OCC, and the second part of the data is obtained by the fifth data and the second element in the OCC. The fifth data is the data transmitted on the first symbol in the first time slot before the sixth data was scrambled by the OCC.

[0156] For example, Figure 16(a) illustrates a data transmission diagram where OCC scrambling is applied to the TB to be transmitted at the symbol granularity and DMRS scrambling is applied at the time slot granularity. Figure 16(b) illustrates a data transmission diagram where both the TB to be transmitted and DMRS are scrambled at the symbol granularity. In the examples of Figures 16(a) and 16(b), the OCC length is 4. After the terminal scrambles based on OCC, the TB to be transmitted is transmitted four times. Similarly, in Figures 16(a) and 16(b), each cell represents a symbol, and different letters on the cell represent different data being transmitted. Adding "-1" after each letter indicates that the content represented by that letter is multiplied by the first element in the OCC, "-2" after each letter indicates that the content represented by that letter is multiplied by the second element in the OCC, "-3" after each letter indicates that the content represented by that letter is multiplied by the third element in the OCC, and "-4" after each letter indicates that the content represented by that letter is multiplied by the fourth element in the OCC. As shown in Figure 16, in this application, when the terminal transmits on time slots #50 and #51, data is also transmitted on the GP of each time slot. For example, the data transmitted on the GP of each time slot can consist of four parts: the first part is the fifth data multiplied by the first element in the OCC, the second part is the fifth data multiplied by the second element in the OCC, the third part is the fifth data multiplied by the third element in the OCC, and the fourth part is the fifth data multiplied by the fourth element in the OCC. The fifth data is the data transmitted on the first symbol of the first time slot before the sixth data was scrambled by the OCC.

[0157] Understandably, when the terminal uses implementation methods 3) and 4) to transmit the first data, for the network device, after completing the OCC decoding operation, the network device can use the data transmitted on the first symbol in the first time slot of X time slots and the data transmitted on the GP in the first time slot of X time slots to perform frequency offset estimation. As shown in Figure 17, after the network device completes the OCC decoding operation, the interval between the symbols containing the two data used for frequency offset estimation is one time slot, which is less than the length of two time slots. Therefore, the accuracy of the network device in frequency offset estimation can be improved.

[0158] For example, in the fifth implementation: the first symbol corresponding to each time slot is the i-th symbol in each time slot; wherein, the data transmitted on the GP of each time slot is obtained based on the seventh data and the corresponding element in the OCC, the seventh data is the data transmitted on the i-th symbol in each time slot before the eighth data is processed by the OCC, and the length occupied by the eighth data in the i-th symbol is the length of the GP.

[0159] The seventh data is the data transmitted on the i-th symbol of each time slot before it is processed by the elements in the OCC. That is, the seventh data can be processed by the elements in the OCC to obtain the eighth data.

[0160] Similarly, the data transmitted over X time slots can be generated by performing OCC processing on both the TB and DMRS to be transmitted at the time slot granularity. Alternatively, the data transmitted over X time slots can be generated by performing OCC processing on both the TB and DMRS to be transmitted at the symbol granularity; or, the data transmitted over X time slots can be generated by performing OCC processing on the TB to be transmitted at the symbol granularity and on the DMRS at the time slot granularity.

[0161] It should be noted that this application does not impose any specific restrictions on the position of the eighth data in the i-th symbol of each time slot. For example, the eighth data may be data transmitted over the first GP length of the i-th symbol in each time slot, or the eighth data may be data transmitted over the last GP length of the i-th symbol in each time slot; or the eighth data may be data transmitted over the middle GP length of the i-th symbol in each time slot.

[0162] Optionally, the network device may send first information to the terminal device, which indicates the i-th symbol used in each time slot.

[0163] Optionally, the i-th symbol is the first symbol in each time slot.

[0164] For example, Figure 18 illustrates a data transmission diagram where both the TB and DMRS to be transmitted are processed using OCC at the time slot granularity. In this example, the OCC length used is 2. As shown in Figure 18, after the terminal performs OCC scrambling on the data in the TB and DMRS to be transmitted at the time slot granularity, the terminal will ultimately transmit the TB and DMRS on four time slots: time slot #60, time slot #61, time slot #62, and time slot #63. Based on the OCC scrambling, the data is ultimately transmitted twice. In this application, when the terminal transmits on these four time slots, data is also transmitted on the GP of each time slot. The data transmitted on the GP of each time slot is the data transmitted in the first symbol of each time slot before OCC scrambling, multiplied by the element in the corresponding OCC. For example, if two elements in an OCC of length 2 are called w0 and w1, then: the data transmitted on the GP in time slot #60 can be the data transmitted over the first GP length in the first symbol of time slot #60 before OCC scrambling, multiplied by w0; the data transmitted on the GP in time slot #61 can be the data transmitted over the first GP length in the first symbol of time slot #61 before OCC scrambling, multiplied by w1; the data transmitted on the GP in time slot #62 can be the data transmitted over the first GP length in the first symbol of time slot #62 before OCC scrambling, multiplied by w0; and the data transmitted on the GP in time slot #63 can be the data transmitted over the first GP length in the first symbol of time slot #63 before OCC scrambling, multiplied by w1.

[0165] For example, in the sixth implementation: the first symbol corresponding to each time slot is the i-th symbol in each time slot; wherein, the data transmitted on the GP of each time slot consists of M3 groups of data, the data in different groups of the M3 groups of data are obtained by scrambling the ninth data with different elements in the OCC, the ninth data is the data of the tenth data transmitted on the i-th symbol in each time slot before scrambling by the OCC, the value of M3 is the same as the number of elements in the OCC, and the length occupied by the tenth data in the i-th symbol is the ratio of the length of the GP to the length of M3.

[0166] Similarly, in this sixth implementation, the data transmitted on the X time slots can be generated by performing OCC processing on both the data in the TB to be transmitted and the DMRS at the time slot granularity. Alternatively, the data transmitted on the X time slots can be generated by performing OCC processing on both the data in the TB to be transmitted and the DMRS at the symbol granularity; or, the data transmitted on the X time slots can be generated by performing OCC processing on the TB to be transmitted at the symbol granularity and on the DMRS at the time slot granularity.

[0167] For example, Figure 19(a) shows a data transmission schematic diagram where OCC processing is performed on the TB to be transmitted at the symbol granularity and the DMRS to be transmitted at the time slot granularity. Figure 19(b) shows a data transmission schematic diagram where both the TB and DMRS to be transmitted are processed by OCC at the symbol granularity. In the examples of Figure 19(a) and Figure 19(b), the OCC length used is 2. After the terminal scrambles based on OCC, the TB and DMRS will be transmitted in two time slots, #70 and #71, and will be transmitted twice after OCC scrambling. In this application, when the terminal transmits data on time slots #70 and #71, data is also transmitted on the GP of time slots #70 and #71. For example, a portion of the data in time slot #70 is obtained by data #1 and the first element in OCC, and another portion of the data is obtained by data #1 and the second element in OCC. Data #1 is the data of data #2 transmitted on the first symbol in time slot #70 before it is scrambled by OCC. Similarly, a portion of the data in time slot #71 is obtained by data #3 and the first element in OCC, and another portion of the data is obtained by data #3 and the second element in OCC. Data #3 is the data of data #4 transmitted on the first symbol in time slot #71 before it is scrambled by OCC.

[0168] For example, Figure 20(a) illustrates a data transmission diagram where OCC processing is performed on the TB to be transmitted at the symbol granularity and on the DMRS to be transmitted at the time slot granularity. Figure 20(b) illustrates a data transmission diagram where both the TB to be transmitted and the DMRS to be transmitted are processed using OCC at the symbol granularity. In the examples of Figure 20(a) and Figure 20(b), the OCC length used is 4. The terminal is scrambled based on OCC and then transmitted four times. As shown in Figure 20, in this application, when the terminal transmits the TB and DMRS to be transmitted on time slots #80 and #81, data is also transmitted on the GP of each time slot. The data transmitted on the GP of each time slot can consist of four parts. For example, the first part of the data in time slot #80 is obtained by data #5 and the first element in OCC; the second part of the data in time slot #80 is obtained by data #5 and the second element in OCC; the third part of the data in time slot #80 is obtained by data #5 and the third element in OCC; and the fourth part of the data in time slot #80 is obtained by data #5 and the fourth element in OCC. The data obtained is as follows: data #5 is the data of data #6 transmitted on the first symbol in time slot #80 before it was scrambled by OCC; the first part of the data in time slot #81 is obtained by data #7 and the first element of OCC; the second part of the data in time slot #81 is obtained by data #7 and the second element of OCC; the third part of the data in time slot #81 is obtained by data #7 and the third element of OCC; the fourth part of the data in time slot #81 is obtained by data #7 and the fourth element of OCC; and data #7 is the data of data #8 transmitted on the first symbol in time slot #81 before it was scrambled by OCC.

[0169] As an optional embodiment, the network device may send a second message to the terminal device, the second message being used to indicate how the terminal device transmits data on the GP in each time slot.

[0170] The data transmission method of the embodiments of this application has been described in detail above. The data transmission device provided by the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to FIG21 and FIG22.

[0171] Figure 21 is a structural schematic diagram of the device provided in an embodiment of this application. Specifically, as shown in Figure 21, the device 2100 includes: a processing module 2101, a transmitting module 2102, and a receiving module 2103.

[0172] For example, in an embodiment of the first device, device 2100 is applied to a terminal.

[0173] Specifically, the processing module 2103 is used to generate first data, which is generated by scrambling the transport block TB and the demodulation reference signal DMRS based on the orthogonal spreading code OCC. The first data includes data transmitted on the symbols in each of the X time slots and data transmitted on the guard interval GP in each of the X time slots. The data transmitted on the GP in each of the X time slots is related to the data transmitted on the first symbol corresponding to each time slot. The first symbol is contained in the X time slots, where X is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0174] The sending module 2102 is used to send the first data.

[0175] Optionally, the OCC scrambles the DMRS at the time slot granularity, with the first symbol corresponding to each time slot being the DMRS symbol of the transmitted DMRS in each time slot;

[0176] In this case, the data transmitted on the GP in each of the X time slots is the same as the second data transmitted on the DMRS symbol in each time slot. The length of the second data in the DMRS symbol is the same as the length of the GP. The second data is contained in the first data.

[0177] Optionally, the OCC scrambles the DMRS at the symbol granularity. The first symbol corresponding to each time slot is the M1 DMRS symbols corresponding to each time slot. The M1 DMRS symbols corresponding to each time slot are used to transmit the DMRS. The value of M1 is the same as the number of elements included in the OCC.

[0178] The data transmitted on the GP in each time slot is based on the data transmitted on the M1 DMRS symbols corresponding to each time slot.

[0179] Optionally, the first symbol corresponding to each time slot is the first symbol in the first time slot among the X time slots;

[0180] The data transmitted on the GP in each time slot is obtained based on the third data and the corresponding element in the OCC. The third data is the data transmitted on the first symbol in the first time slot before the fourth data was scrambled by the OCC. The length of the fourth data in the first symbol is the length of the GP.

[0181] Optionally, the first symbol corresponding to each time slot is the first symbol in the first time slot out of X time slots;

[0182] In this context, the data transmitted on the GP in each time slot consists of M2 groups of data. The data in different groups of M2 are obtained by scrambling the fifth data with different elements in the OCC. The fifth data is the data transmitted on the first symbol in the first time slot before the sixth data was scrambled by the OCC. The value of M2 is the same as the number of elements in the OCC. The length occupied by the sixth data in the first symbol is the ratio of the length of the GP to the length of M2.

[0183] Optionally, the first symbol corresponding to each time slot is the i-th symbol in each time slot;

[0184] The data transmitted on the GP in each time slot is obtained based on the seventh data and the corresponding element in the OCC. The seventh data is the data transmitted on the i-th symbol in each time slot before the eighth data is processed by the OCC. The length of the eighth data in the i-th symbol is the length of the GP.

[0185] Optionally, the first symbol corresponding to each time slot is the i-th symbol in each time slot;

[0186] In this context, the data transmitted on the GP in each time slot consists of M3 groups of data. The data in different groups of M3 are obtained by scrambling the ninth data with different elements in the OCC. The ninth data is the data transmitted on the i-th symbol in each time slot before the scrambling by the OCC. The value of M3 is the same as the number of elements in the OCC. The length occupied by the tenth data in the i-th symbol is the ratio of the length of the GP to the length of M3.

[0187] Optionally, the device further includes a receiving module 2103, which is used to receive first information, the first information being used to indicate the i-th symbol.

[0188] In the second transposed embodiment, device 2100 can be applied, for example, to a network device.

[0189] Specifically, it includes: a receiving module 2103, used to receive first data in X time slots, the first data being obtained by scrambling the transport block TB and the demodulation reference signal DMRS based on the orthogonal spreading code OCC, the first data including data transmitted on the symbols in each of the X time slots and data transmitted on the guard interval GP in each of the X time slots, the data transmitted on the GP in each of the X time slots being related to the data transmitted on the first symbol corresponding to each time slot, the first symbol being contained in the X time slots, where X is a positive integer greater than 1;

[0190] Processing module 2103 is used to perform frequency offset estimation based on the data transmitted on the GP in each time slot and the first symbol corresponding to each time slot.

[0191] Figure 22 is a structural schematic diagram of another data transmission device provided in an embodiment of this application. The device shown in Figure 22 can be used to perform the method described in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0192] As shown in Figure 22, the device 2200 of this embodiment includes a memory 2201 and a processor 2202. In one implementation, the device 2200 further includes a communication interface 2203 and a bus 2204. The memory 2201, processor 2202, and communication interface 2203 are interconnected via the bus 2204.

[0193] The memory 2201 can be a read-only memory (ROM), a static storage device, a dynamic storage device, or a random access memory (RAM). The memory 2201 can store programs, and when the program stored in the memory 2201 is executed by the processor 2202, the processor 2202 is used to execute the various steps of the method shown in FIG9.

[0194] The processor 2202 may be a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), microprocessor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, used to execute relevant programs to implement the method shown in FIG9 of the embodiment of this application.

[0195] The processor 2202 can also be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In implementation, each step of the method in Figure 9 of this embodiment can be accomplished through integrated logic circuits in the processor 2202 or through software instructions.

[0196] The processor 2202 described above can also be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. It can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or a conventional processor, etc.

[0197] The steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly implemented by a hardware decoding processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software modules can reside in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, or other mature storage media in the art. This storage medium is located in memory 2201. The processor 2202 reads the information in memory 2201 and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the functions required by the units included in the device of this application. For example, it can execute the various steps / functions of the embodiment shown in Figure 9.

[0198] The communication interface 2203 can use, but is not limited to, transceivers to enable communication between the device 2200 and other devices or communication networks.

[0199] Bus 2204 may include a pathway for transmitting information between various components of device 2200 (e.g., memory 2201, processor 2202, communication interface 2203).

[0200] It should be understood that the device 2200 shown in the embodiments of this application can be an electronic device, or it can be a chip configured in an electronic device. The device 2200 can be deployed in a terminal device, or it can be deployed in a network device.

[0201] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer programs are loaded or executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be a usable medium accessible to a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center containing one or more sets of usable media. The usable medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium. A semiconductor medium can be a solid-state drive.

[0202] It should be understood that the term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. A and B can be singular or plural. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates an "or" relationship between the preceding and following related objects, but it can also represent an "and / or" relationship. Please refer to the context for a more accurate understanding.

[0203] In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or multiple items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can mean: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0204] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of this application, the order of the above-mentioned processes does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not limit the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0205] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0206] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0207] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0208] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0209] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0210] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory, random access memory, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

Claims

1. A data transmission method, characterized by, Applied to a terminal, comprising: generating first data, the first data is generated by scrambling a transport block TB and a demodulation reference signal DMRS based on an orthogonal spreading code OCC, the first data includes data transmitted on a symbol in each of X slots and data transmitted on a guard period GP of each of the X slots, the data transmitted on the GP of each of the X slots is related to the data transmitted on the first symbol corresponding to each of the X slots, the first symbol is contained in the X slots, X is a positive integer greater than 1; sending the first data.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The OCC scrambles the DMRS at a slot granularity, and the first symbol corresponding to each slot is a DMRS symbol for transmitting DMRS in the slot; wherein the data transmitted on the GP of each of the X slots is the same as second data transmitted on the DMRS symbol in each of the X slots, the length of the second data occupying in the DMRS symbol is the length of the GP, and the second data is contained in the first data.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The OCC scrambles the DMRS at a symbol granularity, and the first symbol corresponding to each slot is M1 DMRS symbols corresponding to each slot, and the M1 DMRS symbols are used for transmitting DMRS, and the value of M1 is the same as the number of elements included in the OCC; wherein the data transmitted on the GP of each of the X slots is based on the data transmitted on the M1 DMRS symbols corresponding to each of the X slots, respectively.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The first symbol corresponding to each slot is the first symbol in the first slot of the X slots; wherein the data transmitted on the GP of each of the X slots is based on third data and corresponding elements in the OCC, the third data is data before the fourth data transmitted on the first symbol in the first slot is scrambled by the OCC, and the length of the fourth data occupying in the first symbol is the length of the GP.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The first symbol corresponding to each slot is the first symbol in the first slot of the X slots; wherein the data transmitted on the GP of each of the X slots is composed of M2 groups of data, the data in different groups of the M2 groups of data is scrambled by the fifth data through different elements in the OCC, the fifth data is data before the sixth data transmitted on the first symbol in the first slot is scrambled by the OCC, the value of M2 is the same as the number of elements in the OCC, and the length of the sixth data occupying in the first symbol is the ratio of the length of the GP and M2.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The first symbol corresponding to each slot is the i-th symbol in each of the X slots; wherein the data transmitted on the GP of each of the X slots is based on the seventh data and the corresponding elements in the OCC, the seventh data is data before the eighth data transmitted on the i-th symbol in each of the X slots is processed by the OCC, and the length of the eighth data occupying in the i-th symbol is the length of the GP.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, The first symbol corresponding to each of the time slots is an i th symbol in each of the time slots; The data transmitted on the GP of each of the time slots is composed of M3 groups of data, the data in different groups of the M3 groups of data is scrambled based on a ninth data by different elements in the OCC, the ninth data is data before the tenth data transmitted on the i th symbol in each of the time slots is scrambled by the OCC, the value of M3 is the same as the number of elements in the OCC, and the length of the tenth data occupied in the i th symbol is a ratio of the length of the GP to M3.

8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The method further includes: receiving first information, the first information being used to indicate the i th symbol.

9. A data transmission method, characterized by, including: receiving first data on X time slots, the first data being scrambled based on an orthogonal spreading code (OCC) on a transport block (TB) and a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), the first data including data transmitted on a symbol in each of the X time slots and data transmitted on a guard interval (GP) of each of the X time slots, the data transmitted on the GP of each of the X time slots being related to data transmitted on a first symbol corresponding to each of the time slots, the first symbol being included in the X time slots, and X being a positive integer greater than 1; performing frequency offset estimation based on the data transmitted on the GP of each of the time slots and the first symbol corresponding to each of the time slots.

10. A data transmission apparatus, characterized by comprising: including: a processor, The processor is configured to cause the apparatus to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 by executing a computer program and / or by a logic circuit.

11. A computer program product, characterised in that, The computer program product includes computer program code, which, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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