Method for sending numerical sequence, device, and computer program product

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a method for sending a numerical sequence, a device, and computer program product. The method comprises: normalizing pixel values of pixels in a pixel matrix of an image to be sent to be within a pixel value range from a first value to a second value, so as to obtain a normalized pixel matrix; normalizing data values in a numerical sequence to be within a data value range from a third value to a fourth value, so as to obtain normalized data values; superimposing the normalized data values on the pixel values in the normalized pixel matrix that are equal to the second value, so as to obtain a superimposed pixel matrix; and sending the superimposed pixel matrix.

Description

Method, device and computer program product for transmitting a sequence of values TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to information transmission, and in particular, to a method, device and computer program product for transmitting a sequence of values. BACKGROUND

[0002] Many application scenarios involve the transmission of information. The transmission of information can be divided into two forms according to the expression of information: explicit transmission and implicit transmission. Explicit transmission refers to the encoding and transmission of information in a direct and explicit manner. In this way, the intention and content of the information are clear and explicit, with no hidden or ambiguous parts. Implicit transmission refers to the transmission of information through non-direct means or implicit encoding rules. In this way, the content of the information may need to be interpreted by the receiving end according to the context or specific decoding rules. The advantage of explicit transmission is that the accuracy and reliability of the information are higher, but it may require more bandwidth or storage space. Implicit transmission can save bandwidth and other resources, but increases the decoding complexity of the receiving end and can result in a higher error rate or require more complex error detection and correction mechanisms. Generally, the use of the two transmission methods needs to be balanced according to the specific application scenario and requirements. SUMMARY

[0003] The present disclosure relates to a method, device and computer program product for transmitting a sequence of values, which can transmit a sequence of values by taking an image to be transmitted as a carrier, realizing implicit transmission of the sequence of values, thereby reducing the consumption of transmission resources.

[0004] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a method for transmitting a sequence of values is provided. The method comprises: normalizing pixel values of pixels in a pixel matrix of an image to be transmitted to a pixel value range from a first value to a second value to obtain a normalized pixel matrix; normalizing data values in the sequence of values to a data value range from a third value to a fourth value to obtain normalized data values; superimposing the normalized data values on pixel values equal to the second value in the normalized pixel matrix to obtain a superimposed pixel matrix; and transmitting the superimposed pixel matrix.

[0005] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, when the number M of pixel values equal to the second value in the normalized pixel matrix is greater than or equal to the number N of normalized data values, superimposing the normalized data values on the pixel values equal to the second value in the normalized pixel matrix comprises: superimposing the N normalized data values on the first N pixel values among the M pixel values equal to the second value.

[0006] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, when the number M of pixel values equal to the second value in the normalized pixel matrix is less than the number N of normalized data values, superimposing the normalized data values into the pixel values equal to the second value in the normalized pixel matrix comprises: setting (N-M) pixel values representing the background in the normalized pixel matrix to the second value; and superimposing the N normalized data values into the N pixel values equal to the second value in the normalized pixel matrix.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the method further comprises: setting the pixel value of the first pixel in the superimposed pixel matrix to the second value.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the method further comprises: superimposing the pixel value of the first pixel in the normalized pixel matrix into the pixel values equal to the second value in the normalized pixel matrix, wherein the first pixel in the normalized pixel matrix corresponds to the first pixel in the superimposed pixel matrix.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the sequence of numerical values represents channel state information (CSI).

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, each pixel in the pixel matrix has one pixel value.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, each pixel in the pixel matrix has a red pixel value, a green pixel value, and a blue pixel value. Normalizing the pixel values of the pixels in the pixel matrix of the image to be transmitted to a range of pixel values from a first value to a second value comprises: normalizing the red pixel value, the green pixel value, and the blue pixel value of each pixel to the range of pixel values, respectively.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, superimposing the normalized data values into the pixel values equal to the second value in the normalized pixel matrix comprises: superimposing the normalized data values into the pixel values equal to the second value according to a predetermined priority of the red pixel value, the green pixel value, and the blue pixel value.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the image to be transmitted is derived based on a sequence of two-dimensional images or a sequence of three-dimensional images.

[0014] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a device for transmitting a sequence of numerical values is provided. The device comprises: a processor; and a memory having stored one or more computer programs, wherein the one or more computer programs, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the above-mentioned method for transmitting a sequence of numerical values.

[0015] According to still another aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product having stored thereon instructions, which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the above-mentioned method for transmitting a sequence of numerical values.

[0016] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a numerical sequence can be transmitted as a carrier with a to-be-transmitted image. By hiding the numerical sequence in the to-be-transmitted image for transmission together with the image, a separate transmission resource does not need to be scheduled for the numerical sequence. Implicit transmission of the numerical sequence is achieved, thereby reducing consumption of transmission resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] The aspects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become clearer and easier to understand through the following description of the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0018] FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of a method for transmitting a numerical sequence according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0019] FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a pixel matrix;

[0020] FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a pixel matrix;

[0021] FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a normalized pixel matrix;

[0022] FIG. 5 shows a normalization process of a numerical sequence;

[0023] FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of performing superposition to obtain a superposed pixel matrix;

[0024] FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of performing superposition to obtain a superposed pixel matrix;

[0025] FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of an apparatus for transmitting a numerical sequence according to embodiments of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While some embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated in the drawings, it is understood that the present disclosure can be embodied in various forms and should not be interpreted as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure can be more thoroughly and completely understood. It should be understood that the drawings and embodiments of the present disclosure are only for exemplary purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0027] It should be understood that the various steps recited in the method embodiments of the present disclosure can be performed in different orders and / or in parallel. In addition, the method embodiments can include other steps and / or omit certain steps.

[0028] As used herein, the term "includes" and its variants are open-ended, meaning that "includes but is not limited to." The term "based on" means "based, at least in part, on." The term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment." The term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment." The term "some embodiments" means "at least some embodiments." Related terms have corresponding definitions.

[0029] It should be understood that the terms "first", "second" and the like used in the present disclosure are merely intended to distinguish different devices, modules or units, and do not imply the order of execution or the mutual dependency of the functions performed by these devices, modules or units.

[0030] It should be noted that the terms "one", "multiple" mentioned in the present disclosure are illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art should understand that unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, it should be understood as "one or more".

[0031] As mentioned above, the transmission of information can be divided into two forms: explicit transmission and implicit transmission. Explicit transmission has higher accuracy and reliability, but requires more resources. With the increase of the amount of information to be transmitted, this problem is particularly prominent.

[0032] The present disclosure is made in view of the above problems. The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a method, device and computer program product for transmitting a numerical sequence, which can transmit a numerical sequence by taking a to-be-transmitted image as a carrier, realize implicit transmission of the numerical sequence, and thereby reduce the consumption of transmission resources.

[0033] FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of a method 100 for transmitting a numerical sequence according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1, the method 100 for transmitting a numerical sequence according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes steps S110 to S140.

[0034] In step S110, the pixel values of the pixels in the pixel matrix of the to-be-transmitted image can be normalized to a pixel value range from a first value to a second value to obtain a normalized pixel matrix. An image is composed of many small dots, each of which is called a pixel. An image can usually be represented by a two-dimensional pixel matrix. Each row of the pixel matrix represents a row of pixels of the image, and each column represents a column of pixels of the image. The color of each pixel can be represented by different models, such as the RGB (Red, Green, Blue) model. In the RGB model, each pixel is composed of three numerical values, which correspond to the intensity of the red, green and blue components, respectively.

[0035] In one embodiment, the pixel matrix described above can only involve one color component of the pixels. FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a 5x5 pixel matrix 200 involving only one color component. As shown in FIG. 2, each pixel in the pixel matrix 200 has a pixel value, which can be one of a red pixel value, a green pixel value and a blue pixel value, for example. That is, the pixel matrix 200 of FIG. 2 can be regarded as a red component pixel matrix, a green component pixel matrix or a blue component pixel matrix of an image.

[0036] In one embodiment, the pixel matrix described above can involve multiple color components of the pixels. FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a 5x5 pixel matrix 300 involving three color components. As shown in FIG. 3, each pixel in the pixel matrix 300 has a red pixel value, a green pixel value and a blue pixel value. It can be appreciated that the specific values of the pixel values in FIGS. 2 and 3 are only examples and not limiting.

[0037] For simplicity, the following is described by way of example with only one color component of the pixels being considered. It can be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments according to the present disclosure can also be applied to a case where multiple color components of the pixels are considered.

[0038] In order to transmit the sequence of values, the sequence of values and the pixel values of the pixels in the pixel matrix can be normalized respectively so as to subsequently transmit the sequence of values by taking the image as a carrier. At step S110, the pixel values of the pixels in the pixel matrix of the image to be transmitted can be normalized to a pixel value range from a first value to a second value. The first value and the second value can be pre-set between a transmitting end and a receiving end of the image or can be set by the transmitting end of the image alone. For example, the first value can be set to 0 and the second value can be set to 0.8. For another example, the first value can be set to 0 and the second value can be set to 10. FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a normalized 5x5 pixel matrix 400 obtained by normalizing the pixel matrix 200 of FIG. 2 to a pixel value range from 0 (i.e., the first value is set to 0) to 0.8 (i.e., the second value is set to 0.8). It can be appreciated that for a case where the pixel matrix is the pixel matrix 300 in FIG. 3, i.e., a case where each pixel in the pixel matrix has a red pixel value, a green pixel value and a blue pixel value, the step S110 described above can include normalizing the red pixel value, the green pixel value and the blue pixel value of each pixel in the pixel matrix to the pixel value range respectively.

[0039] In one embodiment, the to-be-sent image can be derived based on a two-dimensional image sequence or a three-dimensional image sequence. A two-dimensional image sequence comprises a series of two-dimensional images, one or more of which can be taken as the to-be-sent image to obtain the pixel matrix. The two-dimensional image sequence can be, for example, a two-dimensional video stream comprising a series of consecutive two-dimensional images. A three-dimensional image sequence comprises a series of three-dimensional images. Compared with a two-dimensional image, a three-dimensional image comprises a depth dimension in addition to width and height dimensions. For a three-dimensional image sequence, a two-dimensional image sequence can be derived for a particular depth dimension. For a three-dimensional image, a two-dimensional image can be derived for each depth dimension, and the total number of derived two-dimensional images depends on the number of slices of the three-dimensional image in the depth direction. The three-dimensional image sequence can be, for example, a three-dimensional video stream comprising a series of consecutive three-dimensional images.

[0040] At step S120, the data values in the to-be-sent numerical sequence can be normalized to a data value range from a third value to a fourth value to obtain normalized data values. The third value and the fourth value can be pre-set and known between the sending end and the receiving end of the image. For example, the third value can be set to 0 and the fourth value can be set to 0.2. For another example, the third value can be set to 0 and the fourth value can be set to 1. FIG. 5 illustrates the normalization process of the to-be-sent numerical sequence. In FIG. 5, the data values 0.8 and 0.3 in the to-be-sent numerical sequence 510 are normalized to the normalized data values 0.2 and 0.1, respectively, according to the data value range from 0 (i.e., the third value is set to 0) to 0.2 (i.e., the fourth value is set to 0.2), which constitute the numerical sequence 510’. In FIG. 5, the data values 0.8, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.2 in the to-be-sent numerical sequence 520 are normalized to the normalized data values 0.2, 0.1, 0.1 and 0, respectively, according to the data value range from 0 (i.e., the third value is set to 0) to 0.2 (i.e., the fourth value is set to 0.2), which constitute the numerical sequence 520’.

[0041] Although step S120 is depicted as being performed after step S110 in FIG. 1, it can be understood that step S120 can also be performed before step S110 or in parallel with step S110.

[0042] At step S130, the normalized data values obtained at step S120 can be superimposed on the pixel values equal to the second value in the normalized pixel matrix obtained at step S110 to obtain a superimposed pixel matrix. The pixel values equal to the second value can be selected from the normalized pixel matrix in a specific order, and the normalized data values can be superimposed on the selected pixel values to obtain the superimposed pixel matrix. For example, the pixel values equal to the second value can be selected in the pixel matrix in an order of first from left to right and then from top to bottom, or in an order of first from top to bottom and then from left to right. The order can be known between the sending end and the receiving end. In this way, the data value sequence to be sent can be "hidden" in the image data to be sent.

[0043] The number of pixel values equal to the second value in the normalized pixel matrix can be greater than or equal to the number of normalized data values, or less than the number of normalized data values. In the former case, superimposition can be directly performed; in the latter case, the number of pixel values on which the superimposition ("hiding") of the normalized data values is performed is insufficient, and further processing is required.

[0044] In one embodiment, when the number M of pixel values equal to the second value in the normalized pixel matrix is greater than or equal to the number N of normalized data values, superimposing the normalized data values on the pixel values equal to the second value in the normalized pixel matrix can include superimposing the N normalized data values on the first N pixel values among the M pixel values equal to the second value. FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of performing superimposition to obtain a superimposed pixel matrix 600. As shown in FIG. 6, the pixel matrix 600 is obtained by superimposing the normalized data values 0.2, 0.1 in the data value sequence 510' of FIG. 5 on the pixel values (d 1,5 and d 3,2 ) equal to the second value (0.8) in the normalized pixel matrix 400 shown in FIG. 4. The number M of pixel values (d 1,5 and d 3,2 ) equal to the second value (0.8) in the normalized pixel matrix 400 is 2, and the number N of normalized data values in the data value sequence 510' is 2, so M is equal to N. In this case, the N (2 in this example) normalized data values are superimposed on the first N (2 in this example) pixel values among the M (2 in this example) pixel values equal to the second value (0.8) to obtain the superimposed pixel matrix 600. Specifically, the pixel value d' 1,5 in the pixel matrix 600 is equal to the data value 0.2 superimposed on the pixel value d 1,5 equal to the second value 0.8, and the pixel value d' 3,2 in the pixel matrix 600 is equal to the data value 0.1 superimposed on the pixel value d3,2 It is understood that although in the example of FIG. 6, the pixel values equal to the second value are selected in the order of first from left to right and then from top to bottom to superimpose the normalized data values, this is merely an example and not a limitation, and the pixel values equal to the second value can be selected in other orders.

[0045] When the number M of pixel values equal to the second value in the normalized pixel matrix is less than the number N of normalized data values, the number of pixel values that can be superimposed is insufficient, and the pixel values to be superimposed need to be expanded. In this case, additional pixel values that can be superimposed are obtained by considering to slightly destroy semantically unimportant data in the image, such as background information. Based on this consideration, in one embodiment, when the number M of pixel values equal to the second value in the normalized pixel matrix is less than the number N of normalized data values, superimposing the normalized data values into the pixel values equal to the second value in the normalized pixel matrix can include: first setting (N-M) pixel values representing the background in the normalized pixel matrix to the second value, thereby obtaining M+(N-M)=N pixel values equal to the second value; and then superimposing the N normalized data values into the N pixel values equal to the second value. FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of performing superimposition to obtain a superimposed pixel matrix 700. The pixel matrix 700 is obtained by superimposing the normalized data values 0.2, 0.1, 0.1, 0 in the value sequence 520’ of FIG. 5 into the normalized pixel matrix 400 shown in FIG. 4. The number M of pixel values equal to the second value (0.8) in the normalized pixel matrix 400 is 2, and the number N of normalized data values in the value sequence 520’ is 4, so M is less than N. In this case, background information needs to be sacrificed to obtain additional pixel values that can be superimposed. For example, it can be determined based on various known image processing techniques that there are 3 pixel values d 1,5 and d 3,2 representing the background in the pixel matrix 400. Then, (N-M)=4-2=2 pixel values representing the background can be selected, for example, in the order of first from left to right and then from top to bottom, and set to the second value. In the example of FIG. 7, the selected pixel values are d 1,2 and d 2,5 , and are set to the second value 0.8. Thus, N (4 in this example) pixel values equal to the second value d 5,5 , d 1,2 , d 2,5 , and d 1,2 are obtained. 1,5 2,5 3,2 ​​The N normalized data values 0.2, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1 in the above example are then superimposed on the N pixel values equal to the second value, respectively, to obtain a superimposed pixel matrix 700. Specifically, the pixel value d 1,2 equal to the data value 0.2 is superimposed on the pixel value d 1,2 equal to the second value 0.8, the pixel value d 1,5 equal to the data value 0.1 is superimposed on the pixel value d 1,5 equal to the second value 0.8, the pixel value d 2,5 equal to the data value 0.1 is superimposed on the pixel value d 2,5 equal to the second value 0.8, the pixel value d 3,2 equal to the data value 0 is superimposed on the pixel value d 3,2 It can be understood that although the pixel values equal to the second value are selected in the order from left to right and then from top to bottom in the example of FIG. 7 to superimpose the normalized data values, this is merely an example and is not limiting, and the pixel values equal to the second value can also be selected in other orders.

[0046] As described above, for simplicity, the above is described by way of example with only one color component of a pixel being considered. However, embodiments according to the present disclosure can also be applied to a case where multiple color components of a pixel are considered. In one embodiment, where each pixel in a pixel matrix has a red pixel value, a green pixel value and a blue pixel value, the normalized data values can be superimposed on the pixel values equal to the second value in a predetermined priority order of the red pixel value, the green pixel value and the blue pixel value. For example, the normalized data values can be superimposed on the red pixel values equal to the second value first. If there are still normalized data values that have not been superimposed, the normalized data values that have not been superimposed are then superimposed on the green pixel values equal to the second value. If there are still normalized data values that have not been superimposed, the normalized data values that have not been superimposed are then superimposed on the blue pixel values equal to the second value. In this way, the multiple normalized data values can be superimposed one by one based on the color order of the pixels.

[0047] Referring back to FIG. 1, after obtaining the superimposed pixel matrix, in step S140, the superimposed pixel matrix can be transmitted, thereby realizing the implicit transmission of the numerical sequence. The second value corresponds to the maximum value of the pixel values in the normalized pixel matrix, and thus it can be inferred that the pixel values greater than or equal to the maximum value in the received pixel matrix are likely to be the pixel values on which the normalized data values are superimposed. The second value and the number of data values in the numerical sequence can be known to the receiving end, so that the receiving end can infer the numerical sequence from the received pixel matrix.

[0048] In one embodiment, the second value can be explicitly informed to the receiving end or pre-agreed between the sending end and the receiving end.

[0049] In one embodiment, to further reduce the occupation of resources due to the explicit notification of the second value, the pixel value of the first pixel in the superimposed pixel matrix, i.e. the pixel value of a certain specific pixel (e.g. the first pixel in the pixel matrix in the order of from left to right and then from top to bottom, the last pixel, etc.) can be set as the second value, so as to implicitly transmit the second value. The position of the specific pixel can be pre-agreed between the sending end and the receiving end, so that the receiving end can determine the second value from the received pixel matrix. Since this way of implicitly transmitting the second value damages the information of the first pixel, which can be a more important pixel in the image rather than a less important pixel such as a background pixel, it can cause problems in image reproduction. To solve this problem, the pixel value of the first pixel can be normalized as a normalized data value, which is superimposed and transmitted with other normalized data values, so that the receiving end can restore the pixel value of the first pixel to its actual pixel value. For this purpose, in one embodiment, the pixel value of the first pixel in the normalized pixel matrix can be superimposed to the pixel value equal to the second value in the normalized pixel matrix. The first pixel in the normalized pixel matrix corresponds to the first pixel in the superimposed pixel matrix. Thus, the pixel value of the first pixel has been recorded and superimposed to the pixel value equal to the second value in the normalized pixel matrix before being damaged (i.e. setting the pixel value of the first pixel in the superimposed pixel matrix as the second value), so as to be implicitly transmitted with other normalized data values.

[0050] One application scenario of the embodiments of the present disclosure relates to Channel State Information (CSI) feedback. In a Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) system, a User Equipment (UE) needs to feed back CSI to a Base Station (BS) so that the BS can perform effective downlink scheduling and beamforming. Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) is considered as one of the core technologies of the fifth generation (5G) communication system and will continue to play an important role in the future 6G. In a MIMO system, with the increase of the number of antennas, the amount of CSI information that needs to be fed back will also increase, which will occupy more uplink resources. According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the CSI can be hidden in the uplink data (e.g. image data to be transmitted from the UE to the BS) to reduce the overhead of explicitly transmitting the CSI feedback.

[0051] In one embodiment, the above numerical sequence can represent the CSI. For a MIMO system with Ntxtransmit antennas and Nrxreceive antennas, the CSI matrix is an Ntxx Nrxmatrix, denoted as H. Each element Hijin the matrix represents the channel gain from the ith transmit antenna to the jth receive antenna. Thus, the CSI matrix can be represented as:

[0052] The CSI matrix can then be represented by a numerical sequence in the order of, for example, from top to bottom, from left to right, as H = (H 11 , H 12 , …, H 1Nrx , H 21 , H 22 , …, H 2Nrx , …, H Ntx1 , H Ntx2 , …, H NtxNrx Thus, the CSI can be implicitly transmitted by hiding it into the uplink data (e.g., image data to be transmitted) using the method according to the embodiments of the present disclosure. The dimension of the CSI matrix Ntxx Nrxis known to the receiving end (e.g., BS). Thus, the receiving end can infer the numerical sequence hidden in the received data, and then obtain the CSI matrix based on the numerical sequence.

[0053] In the method for transmitting a numerical sequence according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the numerical sequence can be transmitted by taking the image to be transmitted as a carrier, realizing the implicit transmission of the numerical sequence, thereby reducing the consumption of transmission resources.

[0054] Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a device for transmitting a numerical sequence. FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of a device 800 for transmitting a numerical sequence according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0055] As shown in FIG. 8, the device 800 for transmitting a numerical sequence according to the embodiments comprises a processor 810 and a memory 820. The memory 820 stores one or more computer programs.

[0056] The processor 810 is a program-controlled device such as a microprocessor, which operates according to the programs installed in the memory 820, for example. The memory 820 is a storage element such as a ROM or a RAM, for example. The programs to be executed by the processor 810 are stored in the memory 820. The device 800 for transmitting a numerical sequence shown in FIG. 8 can be used to implement the method for transmitting a numerical sequence disclosed in the present disclosure.

[0057] In the device according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the numerical sequence can be transmitted by taking the image to be transmitted as a carrier, realizing the implicit transmission of the numerical sequence, thereby reducing the consumption of transmission resources.

[0058] Embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a computer program product having instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the method for sending a sequence of values according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0059] The whole or part of the hardware computing device described in the present disclosure can be implemented by various suitable hardware means, including but not limited to FPGA, ASIC, SoC, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof. The devices, apparatuses, methods, systems involved in the present disclosure are not limited to any specific hardware architecture or configuration. The components in the disclosed devices, apparatuses, systems can be separate or integrated, and can be combined in different ways and / or replaced or supplemented by other components. It should be understood that the teachings of the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms of hardware, software, firmware, special-purpose processor, or their combination.

[0060] The block diagrams of the devices, apparatuses, methods, systems involved in the present disclosure are only exemplary, and are not intended to require or imply that the connection, arrangement, configuration must be as shown in the block diagrams. As those skilled in the art will recognize, these circuits, devices, apparatuses, systems can be connected, arranged, configured in any way as long as the desired purpose can be achieved.

[0061] In the above description, the present application has been described based on embodiments. The embodiments are only illustrative, and those skilled in the art should understand that the combination of constituent elements and processes of the embodiments can be modified in various ways, and such modifications are also within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for transmitting a sequence of values, comprising: normalizing pixel values of pixels in a pixel matrix of an image to be transmitted to a range of pixel values from a first value to a second value to obtain a normalized pixel matrix; normalizing data values in the sequence of values to a range of data values from a third value to a fourth value to obtain normalized data values; superimposing the normalized data values to pixel values equal to the second value in the normalized pixel matrix to obtain a superimposed pixel matrix; and transmitting the superimposed pixel matrix. 2.The method of claim 1, wherein when a number M of pixel values equal to the second value in the normalized pixel matrix is greater than or equal to a number N of the normalized data values, superimposing the normalized data values to pixel values equal to the second value in the normalized pixel matrix comprises: superimposing N normalized data values to a first N pixel values equal to the second value in M pixel values equal to the second value. 3.The method of claim 1, wherein when a number M of pixel values equal to the second value in the normalized pixel matrix is less than a number N of the normalized data values, superimposing the normalized data values to pixel values equal to the second value in the normalized pixel matrix comprises: setting (N-M) pixel values representing a background in the normalized pixel matrix to the second value; and superimposing N normalized data values to N pixel values equal to the second value in the normalized pixel matrix. setting a pixel value of a first pixel in the superimposed pixel matrix to the second value.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: superimposing a pixel value of a first pixel in the normalized pixel matrix to pixel values equal to the second value in the normalized pixel matrix, wherein the first pixel in the normalized pixel matrix corresponds to the first pixel in the superimposed pixel matrix.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising: The sequence of values represents channel state information (CSI).

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, Each pixel in the pixel matrix has one pixel value.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, Each pixel in the pixel matrix has a red pixel value, a green pixel value and a blue pixel value, and wherein 8. The method of claim 1, wherein, normalizing pixel values of pixels in a pixel matrix of an image to be transmitted to a range of pixel values from a first value to a second value comprises: normalizing the red pixel value, the green pixel value and the blue pixel value of each pixel to the range of pixel values respectively. superimposing the normalized data values to pixel values equal to the second value in the normalized pixel matrix comprises:

9. The method of claim 8, wherein, superimposing the normalized data values to pixel values equal to the second value in a predetermined priority of red pixel values, green pixel values and blue pixel values. The image to be transmitted is derived based on a sequence of two-dimensional images or a sequence of three-dimensional images.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein, 11.An apparatus for transmitting a sequence of values, comprising: a processor; and a memory storing one or more computer programs; wherein the one or more computer programs, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-10. ​ ​ 12. A computer program product having stored thereon instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform a method according to any one of claims 1-10.

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