Method, apparatus, and medium for video processing
By allowing separate partitioning schemes for luma and chroma components, the method addresses the restrictive partitioning limitations in existing video coding technologies, enhancing coding efficiency and overall video processing performance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/111860
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-08-02
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-05
AI Technical Summary
Existing video coding technologies, such as HEVC and VVC, face limitations in improving coding efficiency due to restrictive partitioning schemes for luma and chroma components within video units, which hinder optimal compression and decoding performance.
Implementing separate partitioning schemes for luma and chroma components within video units, allowing for increased flexibility and efficiency in video processing by enabling different partitioning methods for each component.
Enhances coding efficiency by allowing for more flexible partitioning, thereby improving the overall performance of video encoding and decoding processes.
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Figure CN2025111860_05022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD, APPARATUS, AND MEDIUM FOR VIDEO PROCESSINGFIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure relates generally to video processing techniques, and more particularly, to video unit partition.BACKGROUND
[0002] In nowadays, digital video capabilities are being applied in various aspects of peoples’ lives. Multiple types of video compression technologies, such as motion picture expert group (MPEG) -2, MPEG-4, international telecommunication union -telecommunication standardization sector (ITU-T) H. 263, ITU-T H. 264 / MPEG-4 Part 10 advanced video coding (AVC) , ITU-T H. 265 high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard, versatile video coding (VVC) standard, have been proposed for video encoding / decoding. However, coding efficiency of video coding techniques is generally expected to be further improved.SUMMARY
[0003] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for video processing.
[0004] In a first aspect, a method for video processing is proposed. The method comprises: determining, for a conversion between an inter slice of a video and a bitstream of the video, a first partitioning scheme for a luma component of a current video unit within the inter slice and a second partitioning scheme for a chroma component of the current video unit, the first partitioning scheme being allowed to be different from the second partitioning scheme; and performing the conversion based on the first partitioning scheme and the second partitioning scheme.
[0005] Based on the method in accordance with the first aspect of the present disclosure, for a video unit within an inter slice, a luma component and a chroma component of the video unit are allowed to be partitioned differently. Compared with the conventional solution where the luma and chroma components of the video unit are restricted to be partitioned in a same manner, the proposed method can advantageously improve the partitioning flexibility of the inter slice, and thus the coding efficiency can be improved.
[0006] In a second aspect, an apparatus for video processing is proposed. The apparatus comprises a processor and a non-transitory memory with instructions thereon. The instructions upon execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform a method in accordance with the first aspect of the present disclosure.
[0007] In a third aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is proposed. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores instructions that cause a processor to perform a method in accordance with the first aspect of the present disclosure.
[0008] In a fourth aspect, another non-transitory computer-readable recording medium is proposed. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium stores a bitstream of a video which is generated by a method performed by an apparatus for video processing. The method comprises: determining a first partitioning scheme for a luma component of a current video unit within an inter slice of the video and a second partitioning scheme for a chroma component of the current video unit, the first partitioning scheme being allowed to be different from the second partitioning scheme; and generating the bitstream based on the first partitioning scheme and the second partitioning scheme.
[0009] In a fifth aspect, a method for storing a bitstream of a video is proposed. The method comprises: determining a first partitioning scheme for a luma component of a current video unit within an inter slice of the video and a second partitioning scheme for a chroma component of the current video unit, the first partitioning scheme being allowed to be different from the second partitioning scheme; generating the bitstream based on the first partitioning scheme and the second partitioning scheme; and storing the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium.
[0010] This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] Through the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, the above and other objectives, features, and advantages of example embodiments of the present disclosure will become more apparent. In the example embodiments of the present disclosure, the same reference numerals usually refer to the same components.
[0012] Fig. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an example video coding system in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0013] Fig. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example video encoder in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0014] Fig. 3 illustrates a block diagram of an example video decoder in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0015] Fig. 4 illustrates an illustration of the effect of the slope adjustment parameter “u” ;
[0016] Fig. 5 illustrates neighboring blocks (L, A, BL, AR, AL) used in the derivation of a general MPM list;
[0017] Fig. 6 illustrates neighboring reconstructed samples used for DIMD chroma mode;
[0018] Fig. 7 illustrates intra template matching search area used;
[0019] Fig. 8 illustrates the use of IntraTMP block vector for IBC block;
[0020] Fig. 9A and Fig. 9B illustrate the division methods for angular modes;
[0021] Fig. 10 illustrates extended MRL candidate list;
[0022] Fig. 11 illustrates an example template area;
[0023] Fig. 12 illustrates a spatial part of the convolutional filter;
[0024] Fig. 13 illustrates a reference area (with its paddings) used to derive the filter coefficients;
[0025] Fig. 14 illustrates four Sobel based gradient patterns for GLM;
[0026] Fig. 15 illustrates non-downsampled luma samples;
[0027] Fig. 16 illustrates a reference area for BVG-CCCM;
[0028] Fig. 17 illustrates spatial samples used for GL-CCCM;
[0029] Fig. 18 illustrates various downsampling filters used in cross-component models;
[0030] Fig. 19 illustrates a filter on samples of MM-CCLM / MM-CCCM;
[0031] Fig. 20 illustrates spatial GPM candidates;
[0032] Fig. 21 illustrates an GPM template;
[0033] Fig. 22 illustrates an GPM blending;
[0034] Fig. 23 illustrates a transform selection process for directional planar modes;
[0035] Fig. 24 illustrates luma blocks used to derive direct block vector;
[0036] Fig. 25 illustrates spatial neighboring blocks used to derive spatial merge candidates;
[0037] Fig. 26 illustrates subblock templates generation of SbTMVP;
[0038] Fig. 27 illustrates template matching performed on a search area around initial MV;
[0039] Fig. 28 illustrates diamond regions in the search area;
[0040] Fig. 29 illustrates an example template;
[0041] Fig. 30A and Fig. 30B illustrate a first HPT and a second HPT, respectively;
[0042] Fig. 31A and Fig. 31B illustrate spatial neighbors for deriving affine merge / AMVP candidates;
[0043] Fig. 32 illustrates from non-adjacent neighbors to the first type of constructed affine merge / AMVP candidates;
[0044] Fig. 33 illustrates frequency responses of the interpolation filter and the VVC interpolation filter at half-pel phase;
[0045] Fig. 34 illustrates template and reference samples of the template in reference pictures;
[0046] Fig. 35 illustrates template and reference samples of the template for block with sub-block motion using the motion information of the subblocks of the current block;
[0047] Fig. 36 illustrates additional directions along k×π / 8 diagonal angles;
[0048] Fig. 37 illustrates the neighboring 4 x 4 subblocks that are used for RMVF parameter derivation;
[0049] Fig. 38 illustrates the ramp function for the weights for GPM blending;
[0050] Fig. 39A-Fig. 39C illustrate an example GPM with inter and intra prediction, respectively;
[0051] Fig. 39D illustrates an example of GPM with intra and intra prediction;
[0052] Fig. 40 illustrates the edge on templates;
[0053] Fig. 41 illustrates padding candidates for the replacement of the zero-vector in the IBC list;
[0054] Fig. 42 illustrates IBC candidate clustering based on the L2 distance and the TM cost;
[0055] Fig. 43 illustrates IBC reference region depending on current CU position;
[0056] Fig. 44 illustrates reference area for IBC;
[0057] Fig. 45 illustrates prediction of BVD;
[0058] Fig. 46 illustrates motion compensated boundary padding method;
[0059] Fig. 47 illustrates an example of deriving a M×4 padding block with a left padding direction;
[0060] Fig. 48A and Fig. 48B illustrate a BV adjustment, respectively;
[0061] Fig. 49 illustrates the InterCCCM method on the decoder;
[0062] Fig. 50 illustrates luma samples L0 to L5 in relation to the chroma sample C;
[0063] Fig. 51 illustrates a flowchart of a method for video processing in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0064] Fig. 52 illustrates schematic diagrams of 6 different partitioning schemes in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0065] Fig. 53 illustrates a block diagram of a computing device in which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented.
[0066] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals usually refer to the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0067] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0068] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0069] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an example embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0070] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0071] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. Example Environment
[0072] Fig. 1 is a block diagram that illustrates an example video coding system 100 that may utilize the techniques of this disclosure. As shown, the video coding system 100 may include a source device 110 and a destination device 120. The source device 110 can be also referred to as a video encoding device, and the destination device 120 can be also referred to as a video decoding device. In operation, the source device 110 can be configured to generate encoded video data and the destination device 120 can be configured to decode the encoded video data generated by the source device 110. The source device 110 may include a video source 112, a video encoder 114, and an input / output (I / O) interface 116.
[0073] The video source 112 may include a source such as a video capture device. Examples of the video capture device include, but are not limited to, an interface to receive video data from a video content provider, a computer graphics system for generating video data, and / or a combination thereof.
[0074] The video data may comprise one or more pictures. The video encoder 114 encodes the video data from the video source 112 to generate a bitstream. The bitstream may include a sequence of bits that form a coded representation of the video data. The bitstream may include coded pictures and associated data. The coded picture is a coded representation of a picture. The associated data may include sequence parameter sets, picture parameter sets, and other syntax structures. The I / O interface 116 may include a modulator / demodulator and / or a transmitter. The encoded video data may be transmitted directly to destination device 120 via the I / O interface 116 through the network 130A. The encoded video data may also be stored onto a storage medium / server 130B for access by destination device 120.
[0075] The destination device 120 may include an I / O interface 126, a video decoder 124, and a display device 122. The I / O interface 126 may include a receiver and / or a modem. The I / O interface 126 may acquire encoded video data from the source device 110 or the storage medium / server 130B. The video decoder 124 may decode the encoded video data. The display device 122 may display the decoded video data to a user. The display device 122 may be integrated with the destination device 120, or may be external to the destination device 120 which is configured to interface with an external display device.
[0076] The video encoder 114 and the video decoder 124 may operate according to a video compression standard, such as the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard, Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard and other current and / or further standards.
[0077] Fig. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a video encoder 200, which may be an example of the video encoder 114 in the system 100 illustrated in Fig. 1, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0078] The video encoder 200 may be configured to implement any or all of the techniques of this disclosure. In the example of Fig. 2, the video encoder 200 includes a plurality of functional components. The techniques described in this disclosure may be shared among the various components of the video encoder 200. In some examples, a processor may be configured to perform any or all of the techniques described in this disclosure.
[0079] In some embodiments, the video encoder 200 may include a partition unit 201, a prediction unit 202 which may include a mode select unit 203, a motion estimation unit 204, a motion compensation unit 205 and an intra-prediction unit 206, a residual generation unit 207, a transform unit 208, a quantization unit 209, an inverse quantization unit 210, an inverse transform unit 211, a reconstruction unit 212, a buffer 213, and an entropy encoding unit 214.
[0080] In other examples, the video encoder 200 may include more, fewer, or different functional components. In an example, the prediction unit 202 may include an intra block copy (IBC) unit. The IBC unit may perform prediction in an IBC mode in which at least one reference picture is a picture where the current video block is located.
[0081] Furthermore, although some components, such as the motion estimation unit 204 and the motion compensation unit 205, may be integrated, but are represented in the example of Fig. 2 separately for purposes of explanation.
[0082] The partition unit 201 may partition a picture into one or more video blocks. The video encoder 200 and the video decoder 300 may support various video block sizes.
[0083] The mode select unit 203 may select one of the coding modes, intra or inter, e.g., based on error results, and provide the resulting intra-coded or inter-coded block to a residual generation unit 207 to generate residual block data and to a reconstruction unit 212 to reconstruct the encoded block for use as a reference picture. In some examples, the mode select unit 203 may select a combined inter and intra prediction (CIIP) mode in which the prediction is based on an inter prediction signal and an intra prediction signal. The mode select unit 203 may also select a resolution for a motion vector (e.g., a sub-pixel or integer pixel precision) for the block in the case of inter-prediction.
[0084] To perform inter prediction on a current video block, the motion estimation unit 204 may generate motion information for the current video block by comparing one or more reference frames from buffer 213 to the current video block. The motion compensation unit 205 may determine a predicted video block for the current video block based on the motion information and decoded samples of pictures from the buffer 213 other than the picture associated with the current video block.
[0085] The motion estimation unit 204 and the motion compensation unit 205 may perform different operations for a current video block, for example, depending on whether the current video block is in an I-slice, a P-slice, or a B-slice. As used herein, an “I-slice” may refer to a portion of a picture composed of macroblocks, all of which are based upon macroblocks within the same picture. Further, as used herein, in some aspects, “P-slices” and “B-slices” may refer to portions of a picture composed of macroblocks that are not dependent on macroblocks in the same picture.
[0086] In some examples, the motion estimation unit 204 may perform uni-directional prediction for the current video block, and the motion estimation unit 204 may search reference pictures of list 0 or list 1 for a reference video block for the current video block. The motion estimation unit 204 may then generate a reference index that indicates the reference picture in list 0 or list 1 that contains the reference video block and a motion vector that indicates a spatial displacement between the current video block and the reference video block. The motion estimation unit 204 may output the reference index, a prediction direction indicator, and the motion vector as the motion information of the current video block. The motion compensation unit 205 may generate the predicted video block of the current video block based on the reference video block indicated by the motion information of the current video block.
[0087] Alternatively, in other examples, the motion estimation unit 204 may perform bi-directional prediction for the current video block. The motion estimation unit 204 may search the reference pictures in list 0 for a reference video block for the current video block and may also search the reference pictures in list 1 for another reference video block for the current video block. The motion estimation unit 204 may then generate reference indexes that indicate the reference pictures in list 0 and list 1 containing the reference video blocks and motion vectors that indicate spatial displacements between the reference video blocks and the current video block. The motion estimation unit 204 may output the reference indexes and the motion vectors of the current video block as the motion information of the current video block. The motion compensation unit 205 may generate the predicted video block of the current video block based on the reference video blocks indicated by the motion information of the current video block.
[0088] In some examples, the motion estimation unit 204 may output a full set of motion information for decoding processing of a decoder. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the motion estimation unit 204 may signal the motion information of the current video block with reference to the motion information of another video block. For example, the motion estimation unit 204 may determine that the motion information of the current video block is sufficiently similar to the motion information of a neighboring video block.
[0089] In one example, the motion estimation unit 204 may indicate, in a syntax structure associated with the current video block, a value that indicates to the video decoder 300 that the current video block has the same motion information as the another video block.
[0090] In another example, the motion estimation unit 204 may identify, in a syntax structure associated with the current video block, another video block and a motion vector difference (MVD) . The motion vector difference indicates a difference between the motion vector of the current video block and the motion vector of the indicated video block. The video decoder 300 may use the motion vector of the indicated video block and the motion vector difference to determine the motion vector of the current video block.
[0091] As discussed above, video encoder 200 may predictively signal the motion vector. Two examples of predictive signaling techniques that may be implemented by video encoder 200 include advanced motion vector prediction (AMVP) and merge mode signaling.
[0092] The intra prediction unit 206 may perform intra prediction on the current video block. When the intra prediction unit 206 performs intra prediction on the current video block, the intra prediction unit 206 may generate prediction data for the current video block based on decoded samples of other video blocks in the same picture. The prediction data for the current video block may include a predicted video block and various syntax elements.
[0093] The residual generation unit 207 may generate residual data for the current video block by subtracting (e.g., indicated by the minus sign) the predicted video block (s) of the current video block from the current video block. The residual data of the current video block may include residual video blocks that correspond to different sample components of the samples in the current video block.
[0094] In other examples, there may be no residual data for the current video block, for example in a skip mode, and the residual generation unit 207 may not perform the subtracting operation.
[0095] The transform unit 208 may generate one or more transform coefficient video blocks for the current video block by applying one or more transforms to a residual video block associated with the current video block.
[0096] After the transform unit 208 generates a transform coefficient video block associated with the current video block, the quantization unit 209 may quantize the transform coefficient video block associated with the current video block based on one or more quantization parameter (QP) values associated with the current video block.
[0097] The inverse quantization unit 210 and the inverse transform unit 211 may apply inverse quantization and inverse transforms to the transform coefficient video block, respectively, to reconstruct a residual video block from the transform coefficient video block. The reconstruction unit 212 may add the reconstructed residual video block to corresponding samples from one or more predicted video blocks generated by the prediction unit 202 to produce a reconstructed video block associated with the current video block for storage in the buffer 213.
[0098] After the reconstruction unit 212 reconstructs the video block, loop filtering operation may be performed to reduce video blocking artifacts in the video block.
[0099] The entropy encoding unit 214 may receive data from other functional components of the video encoder 200. When the entropy encoding unit 214 receives the data, the entropy encoding unit 214 may perform one or more entropy encoding operations to generate entropy encoded data and output a bitstream that includes the entropy encoded data.
[0100] Fig. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a video decoder 300, which may be an example of the video decoder 124 in the system 100 illustrated in Fig. 1, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0101] The video decoder 300 may be configured to perform any or all of the techniques of this disclosure. In the example of Fig. 3, the video decoder 300 includes a plurality of functional components. The techniques described in this disclosure may be shared among the various components of the video decoder 300. In some examples, a processor may be configured to perform any or all of the techniques described in this disclosure.
[0102] In the example of Fig. 3, the video decoder 300 includes an entropy decoding unit 301, a motion compensation unit 302, an intra prediction unit 303, an inverse quantization unit 304, an inverse transform unit 305, a reconstruction unit 306 and a buffer 307. The video decoder 300 may, in some examples, perform a decoding pass generally reciprocal to the encoding pass described with respect to video encoder 200.
[0103] The entropy decoding unit 301 may retrieve an encoded bitstream. The encoded bitstream may include entropy coded video data (e.g., encoded blocks of video data) . The entropy decoding unit 301 may decode the entropy coded video data, and from the entropy decoded video data, the motion compensation unit 302 may determine motion information including motion vectors, motion vector precision, reference picture list indexes, and other motion information. The motion compensation unit 302 may, for example, determine such information by performing the AMVP and merge mode. AMVP is used, including derivation of several most probable candidates based on data from adjacent PBs and the reference picture. Motion information typically includes the horizontal and vertical motion vector displacement values, one or two reference picture indices, and, in the case of prediction regions in B slices, an identification of which reference picture list is associated with each index. As used herein, in some aspects, a “merge mode” may refer to deriving the motion information from spatially or temporally neighboring blocks.
[0104] The motion compensation unit 302 may produce motion compensated blocks, possibly performing interpolation based on interpolation filters. Identifiers for interpolation filters to be used with sub-pixel precision may be included in the syntax elements.
[0105] The motion compensation unit 302 may use the interpolation filters as used by the video encoder 200 during encoding of the video block to calculate interpolated values for sub-integer pixels of a reference block. The motion compensation unit 302 may determine the interpolation filters used by the video encoder 200 according to the received syntax information and use the interpolation filters to produce predictive blocks.
[0106] The motion compensation unit 302 may use at least part of the syntax information to determine sizes of blocks used to encode frame (s) and / or slice (s) of the encoded video sequence, partition information that describes how each macroblock of a picture of the encoded video sequence is partitioned, modes indicating how each partition is encoded, one or more reference frames (and reference frame lists) for each inter-encoded block, and other information to decode the encoded video sequence. As used herein, in some aspects, a “slice” may refer to a data structure that can be decoded independently from other slices of the same picture, in terms of entropy coding, signal prediction, and residual signal reconstruction. A slice can either be an entire picture or a region of a picture.
[0107] The intra prediction unit 303 may use intra prediction modes for example received in the bitstream to form a prediction block from spatially adjacent blocks. The inverse quantization unit 304 inverse quantizes, i.e., de-quantizes, the quantized video block coefficients provided in the bitstream and decoded by entropy decoding unit 301. The inverse transform unit 305 applies an inverse transform.
[0108] The reconstruction unit 306 may obtain the decoded blocks, e.g., by summing the residual blocks with the corresponding prediction blocks generated by the motion compensation unit 302 or intra-prediction unit 303. If desired, a deblocking filter may also be applied to filter the decoded blocks in order to remove blockiness artifacts. The decoded video blocks are then stored in the buffer 307, which provides reference blocks for subsequent motion compensation / intra prediction and also produces decoded video for presentation on a display device.
[0109] Some example embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detailed hereinafter. It should be understood that section headings are used in the present document to facilitate ease of understanding and do not limit the embodiments disclosed in a section to only that section. Furthermore, while certain embodiments are described with reference to Versatile Video Coding or other specific video codecs, the disclosed techniques are applicable to other video coding technologies also. Furthermore, while some embodiments describe video coding steps in detail, it will be understood that corresponding steps decoding that undo the coding will be implemented by a decoder. Furthermore, the term video processing encompasses video coding or compression, video decoding or decompression and video transcoding in which video pixels are represented from one compressed format into another compressed format or at a different compressed bitrate. 1 Brief Summary The present disclosure is related to video coding technologies. Specifically, it is about the dual tree coding in image / video coding. It may be applied to the existing video coding standard like HEVC, VVC, and etc. It may be also applicable to future video coding standards or video codec. 2 Introduction Video coding standards have evolved primarily through the development of the well-known ITU-T and ISO / IEC standards. The ITU-T produced H. 261 and H. 263, ISO / IEC produced MPEG-1 and MPEG-4 Visual, and the two organizations jointly produced the H. 262 / MPEG-2 Video and H. 264 / MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) and H. 265 / HEVC standards. Since H. 262, the video coding standards are based on the hybrid video coding structure wherein temporal prediction plus transform coding are utilized. To explore the future video coding technologies beyond HEVC, the Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET) was founded by VCEG and MPEG jointly in 2015. The JVET meeting is concurrently held once every quarter, and the new video coding standard was officially named as Versatile Video Coding (VVC) in the April 2018 JVET meeting, and the first version of VVC test model (VTM) was released at that time. The VVC working draft and test model VTM are then updated after every meeting. The VVC project achieved technical completion (FDIS) at the July 2020 meeting. 2.1 Intra prediction In intra prediction the smallest chroma intra prediction unit (SCIPU) constraint in VVC is removed. In addition, the VPDU constraint for reducing CCLM prediction latency is also removed. 2.1.1 Multi-model LM (MMLM) CCLM included in VVC is extended by adding three Multi-model LM (MMLM) modes. In each MMLM mode, the reconstructed neighboring samples are classified into two classes using a threshold which is the average of the luma reconstructed neighboring samples. The linear model of each class is derived using the Least-Mean-Square (LMS) method. For the CCLM mode, the LMS method is also used to derive the linear model. A slope adjustment to is applied to cross-component linear model (CCLM) and to Multi-model LM prediction. The adjustment is tilting the linear function which maps luma values to chroma values with respect to a center point determined by the average luma value of the reference samples. 2.1.1.1 Slope adjustment of CCLM CCLM uses a model with 2 parameters to map luma values to chroma values. The slope parameter “a” and the bias parameter “b” define the mapping as follows: chromaVal = a *lumaVal + b An adjustment “u” to the slope parameter is signaled to update the model to the following form: chromaVal = a’ *lumaVal + b’ where a’= a + u b’= b -u *yr. With this selection the mapping function is tilted or rotated around the point with luminance value yr. The average of the reference luma samples used in the model creation as yr in order to provide a meaningful modification to the model. Picture below illustrates the process. Fig. 4 illustrates an illustration of the effect of the slope adjustment parameter “u” . Left: model created with the current CCLM. Right: model updated as proposed. Implementation Slope adjustment parameter is provided as an integer between -4 and 4, inclusive, and signaled in the bitstream. The unit of the slope adjustment parameter is 1 / 8th of a chroma sample value per one luma sample value (for 10-bit content) . Adjustment is available for the CCLM models that are using reference samples both above and left of the block ( “LM_CHROMA_IDX” and “MMLM_CHROMA_IDX” ) , but not for the “single side” modes. This selection is based on coding efficiency vs. complexity trade-off considerations. When slope adjustment is applied for a multimode CCLM model, both models can be adjusted and thus up to two slope updates are signaled for a single chroma block. Encoder approach The proposed encoder approach performs an SATD based search for the best value of the slope update for Cr and a similar SATD based search for Cb. If either one results as a non-zero slope adjustment parameter, the combined slope adjustment pair (SATD based update for Cr, SATD based update for Cb) is included in the list of RD checks for the TU. 2.1.2 Gradient PDPC In VVC, for a few scenarios, PDPC may not be applied due to the unavailability of the secondary reference samples. In these cases, a gradient based PDPC, extended from horizontal / vertical mode, is applied. The PDPC weights (wT / wL) and nScale parameter for determining the decay in PDPC weights with respect to the distance from left / top boundary are set equal to corresponding parameters in horizontal / vertical mode, respectively. When the secondary reference sample is at a fractional sample position, bilinear interpolation is applied. 2.1.3 Primary and Secondary MPM Secondary MPM lists is introduced. The existing primary MPM (PMPM) list consists of 6 entries and the secondary MPM (SMPM) list includes 16 entries. A general MPM list with 22 entries is constructed first, and then the first 6 entries in this general MPM list are included into the PMPM list, and the rest of entries form the SMPM list. The first entry in the general MPM list is the Planar mode. The remaining entries are composed of the intra modes of the left (L) , above (A) , below-left (BL) , above-right (AR) , and above-left (AL) neighbouring blocks, and DIMD modes which are sorted in ascending order of SAD cost. Up to 5 modes with the smallest SAD cost are added. The SAD cost is computed between the prediction and the reconstruction samples of the template. The sorted directional modes with added offset are added into the general MPM list, and then the default modes, until the general MPM list with 22 entries is constructed. Fig. 5 illustrates neighboring blocks (L, A, BL, AR, AL) used in the derivation of a general MPM list. If a CU block is vertically oriented, the order of neighbouring blocks is A, L, BL, AR, AL; otherwise, it is L, A, BL, AR, AL. MPM list is equally divided into four groups and the group index is parsed first. Then, a mode index is further parsed to indicate which mode in the selected group is used. 2.1.4 Reference sample interpolation and smoothing for intra-prediction The 4-tap cubic interpolation is replaced with a 6-tap cubic interpolation filter, for the derivation of predicted samples from the reference samples. For reference sample filtering, a 6-tap gaussian filter is applied for larger blocks (W >= 32 and H >=32) , existing VVC 4-tap gaussian interpolation filter is applied otherwise. The extended intra reference samples are derived using the 4-tap interpolation filter instead of the nearest neighbor rounding. 2.1.5 Decoder side intra mode derivation (DIMD) When DIMD is applied, up to five intra modes are derived from the reconstructed neighbor samples, and those five predictors are combined with the planar mode predictor with the weights derived from the histogram of gradients. The division operations in weight derivation are performed utilizing the same lookup table (LUT) based integerization scheme used by the CCLM. For example, the division operation in the orientation calculation Orient=Gy / Gx is computed by the following LUT-based scheme: x = Floor (Log2 (Gx) ) normDiff = ( (Gx<< 4) >> x) &15 x += (3 + (normDiff ! = 0) ? 1 : 0) Orient = (Gy* (DivSigTable [normDiff] | 8) + (1<< (x-1) ) ) >> x where DivSigTable
[0016] = {0, 7, 6, 5 , 5, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0} . For a block of size W×H, the weight for each of the five derived modes is modified if the one the above or left histogram magnitudes is twice larger than the other one. In this case, the weights are location dependent and computed as follows: if the above histogram is twice the left, then: if the left histogram is twice the above, then: where wDimdi is the unmodified uniform weight of the DIMD selected, Δi is pre-defined and set to 10. Derived intra modes are included into the primary list of intra most probable modes (MPM) , so the DIMD process is performed before the MPM list is constructed. The primary derived intra mode of a DIMD block is stored with a block and is used for MPM list construction of the neighboring blocks. Finally, note the region of neighboring reconstructed samples used for computing the histogram of gradients is modified, depending on reconstructed samples availability. The region of decoded reference samples of current WxH luma CB is extended towards the above-right side if available, up to W additional columns. It is extended towards the bottom-left side if available, up to H additional rows. 2.1.5.1 DIMD chroma mode The DIMD chroma mode uses the DIMD derivation method to derive the chroma intra prediction mode of the current block based on the neighboring reconstructed Y, Cb and Cr samples in the second neighboring row and column. Specifically, a horizontal gradient and a vertical gradient are calculated for each collocated reconstructed luma sample of the current chroma block, as well as the reconstructed Cb and Cr samples, to build a HoG. Then the intra prediction mode with the largest histogram amplitude values is used for performing chroma intra prediction of the current chroma block. Fig. 6 illustrates neighboring reconstructed samples used for DIMD chroma mode. When the intra prediction mode derived from the DIMD chroma mode is the same as the intra prediction mode derived from the DM mode, the intra prediction mode with the second largest histogram amplitude value is used as the DIMD chroma mode. A CU level flag is signaled to indicate whether the proposed DIMD chroma mode is applied. Finally, the luma region of reconstructed samples used for computing the histogram of gradients for chroma DIMD mode is modified. For a WxH pair of chroma CBs to predict, to build the histogram of gradients associated to the collocated luma CB, the pairs of a vertical gradient and a horizontal gradient are extracted from the second and third lines in this luma CB instead of being extracted from the regular set of DIMD decoded reference samples around this luma CB. 2.1.6 Fusion of chroma intra prediction modes In ECM, two chroma intra prediction signals can be fused together. One of the two chroma intra prediction signals is predicted using one of the DM mode, DIMD chroma mode and the four default modes (non-LM mode) . The other chroma intra prediction signal is predicted using cross-component linear prediction modes (LM mode) . Two different methods are supported. In the first method, the LM mode can be either MM-CCLM or MM-CCCM, and the final predictor is derived as follows: predC (i, j) = (w0×pred0 (i, j) +w1×pred1 (i, j) + (1<< (shift-1) ) ) >>shift where pred0 (i, j) is the predictor obtained by applying the non-LM mode, pred1 (i, j) is the predictor obtained by applying the LM mode and predC (i, j) is the final predictor of the current chroma block. The two weights, w0 and w1 are determined by the intra prediction mode of adjacent chroma blocks and shift is set equal to 2. Specifically, when the above and left adjacent blocks are both coded with LM modes, {w0, w1} = {1, 3} ; when the above and left adjacent blocks are both coded with non-LM modes, {w0, w1} = {3, 1} ; otherwise, {w0, w1} = {2, 2} . Two template costs are calculated by fusing the angular chroma prediction with MM-CCLM or MM-CCCM, respectively, and the one of the two CCPs which provides a smaller template cost is utilized to derive pred1. In the second method, the LM mode can be either MMLM or CCLM mode, and the final predictor is derived as follows: predC (i, j) = α0×pred0 (i, j) + α1×rec′L (i, j) +α2×β where pred0 (i, j) is the predictor obtained by applying the non-LM mode, rec′L (i, j) is the set of downsampled reconstructed luma samples at co-located positions and predC (i, j) is the final predictor of the current chroma block. β is a fixed value and is set equal to 512 for 10-bit content. The three weights, α0, α1 and α2 are derived from the adjacent luma and chroma samples using the same LDL derivation method as in CCCM. For the syntax design, one index is signaled to indicate whether fusion is applied and which method is used. It is noted that for I slices, the non-LM mode can be DM mode, DIMD chroma mode and the four default modes. For non-I slices, only DIMD chroma mode is allowed to be fused with LM modes. 2.1.7 Intra template matching Intra template matching prediction (IntraTMP) is a special intra prediction mode that copies the best prediction block from the reconstructed part of the current frame, whose L-shaped template matches the current template. For a predefined search range, the encoder searches for the most similar template to the current template in a reconstructed part of the current frame and uses the corresponding block as a prediction block. The encoder then signals the usage of this mode, and the same prediction operation is performed at the decoder side. The prediction signal is generated by matching the L-shaped, Top-only or Left-Only causal neighbor of the current block with another block in a predefined search area in Fig. 7. There are 6 predefined search areas, i.e., R1 to R6 in Fig. 7 which contain the reconstructed samples from the top and left CTUs as well as part of the reconstructed samples within the current CTU that are located above, left, bottom-left and top-right to the current block. Sum of absolute differences (SAD) is used as a cost function. A given search order of the 6 regions is utilized, i.e., R4, R5, R6, R1, R2, and R3. Within each region, the decoder constructs a candidate list of up to “19” template matching block vectors that are ranked in ascending order according to the template cost (SAD) . The following modes are supported: 1- Single predictor: A single predictor is selected from the candidate list. 2- Fusion of multiple predictors: multiple predictors are blended multiple to derive the final prediction block. The blending weights are either computed from the template matching cost of each predictor, or with Wiener-filter based weight derivation method. 3- Sub-pel precision: When single predictor is used, sub-pel precision can be used with 1 / 2-pel precision, 1 / 4-pel precision and 3 / 4-pel precision, each with 8 possible directions. 4- linear filter model: A linear filter can be learned between the reference template and current template and be applied the linear model to reference block. This mode can be used for signle predictor when sub-pel precision is not used. The dimensions of all regions (SearchRange_w, SearchRange_h) are set proportional to the block dimension (BlkW, BlkH) to have a fixed number of SAD comparisons per pixel. That is: SearchRange_w = min (64, a*BlkW) SearchRange_h = min (64, a*BlkH) where ‘a’ is a constant that controls the gain / complexity trade-off. In practice, ‘a’ is equal to 5. To speed-up the template matching process, the search range of all search regions is subsampled by a factor of 3. After finding the best match, a refinement process is performed. The refinement is done via a second template matching search around the best match with a reduced range. The Intra template matching tool is enabled for CUs with size less than or equal to 64 in width and height. This maximum CU size for Intra template matching is configurable. The Intra template matching prediction mode is signaled at CU level through a dedicated flag when DIMD is not used for current CU. 2.1.7.1 IntraTMP derived block vector candidates for IBC In this method block vector (BV) derived from the intra template matching prediction (IntraTMP) is used for intra block copy (IBC) . The stored IntraTMP BV of the neighbouring blocks along with IBC BV are used as spatial BV candidates in IBC candidate list construction. IntraTMP block vector is stored in the IBC block vector buffer and, the current IBC block can use both IBC BV and IntraTMP BV of neighbouring blocks as BV candidate for IBC BV candidate list as shown in Fig. 8. IntraTMP block vectors are added to IBC block vector candidate list as spatial candidates. 2.1.8 Fusion for template-based intra mode derivation (TIMD) For each intra prediction mode in MPMs, as well as the wide-angle modes if the above-right and / or bottom-left reference samples are available, SATD between the prediction and reconstruction samples of the template is calculated. First two intra prediction modes with the minimum SATD are selected as the TIMD modes. These two TIMD modes are fused with the weights after applying PDPC process, and such weighted intra prediction is used to code the current CU. Position dependent intra prediction combination (PDPC) is included in the derivation of the TIMD modes. The costs of the two selected modes are compared with a threshold, in the test the cost factor of 2 is applied as follows: costMode2 < 2*costMode1. If this condition is true, the fusion is applied, otherwise the only mode1 is used. Weights of the modes are computed from their SATD costs as follows: weight1 = costMode2 / (costMode1+ costMode2) weight2 = 1 -weight1 The division operations are conducted using the same lookup table (LUT) based integerization scheme used by the CCLM. 2.1.9 Intra prediction fusion This intra prediction method derives predicted samples as a weighted combination of multiple predictors generated from different reference lines. In this process multiple intra predictors are generated and then fused by weighted averaging. The process of deriving the predictors to be used in the fusion process is described as follows: · For angular intra prediction modes including the single mode case of TIMD and DIMD, the proposed method derives intra prediction by weighting intra predictions obtained from multiple reference lines represented as pfusion=w0pline+w1pline+1, where pline is the intra prediction from the default reference line and pline+1 is the prediction from the line above the default reference line. The weights are set as w0=3 / 4 and w1=1 / 4. · For TIMD mode with blending, pline is used for the first mode (w0=1, w1=0) and pline+1 is used for the second mode (w0=0, w1=1) . · For DIMD mode with blending, the number of predictors selected for a weighted average is increased from 3 to 6. Intra prediction fusion method is applied to luma blocks when angular intra mode has non-integer slope (required reference samples interpolation) and the block size is greater than 16, it is used with MRL and not applied for ISP coded blocks. In the method studied in the sub-test a, PDPC is applied for the intra prediction mode using the closest to the current block reference line. 2.1.10 Combination of CIIP with TIMD and TM merge In CIIP mode, the prediction samples are generated by weighting an inter prediction signal predicted using CIIP-TM merge candidate and an intra prediction signal predicted using TIMD derived intra prediction mode. The method is only applied to coding blocks with an area less than or equal to 1024. The TIMD derivation method is used to derive the intra prediction mode in CIIP. Specifically, the intra prediction mode with the smallest SATD values in the TIMD mode list is selected and mapped to one of the 67 regular intra prediction modes. In addition, it is also proposed to modify the weights (wIntra, wInter) for the two tests if the derived intra prediction mode is an angular mode. For near-horizontal modes (2 <= angular mode index < 34) , the current block is vertically divided as shown Fig. 9A; for near-vertical modes (34 <= angular mode index <= 66) , the current block is horizontally divided as shown in Fig. 9B. The (wIntra, wInter) for different sub-blocks are shown in Table 1. Table 1. The modified weights used for angular modes. With CIIP-TM, a CIIP-TM merge candidate list is built for the CIIP-TM mode. The merge candidates are refined by template matching. The CIIP-TM merge candidates are also reordered by the ARMC method as regular merge candidates. The maximum number of CIIP-TM merge candidates is equal to two. 2.1.11 Extended multiple reference line list (MRL) MRL list in VVC is extended to include more reference lines for intra prediction. The extended reference line list consists of line indices {1, 3, 5, 7, 12} . For template-based intra mode derivation (TIMD) , instead of the full MRL candidate list, only the first two reference line candidates, i.e., {1, 3} , are used. Fig. 10 illustrates extended MRL candidate list. 2.1.12 Template-based multiple reference line intra prediction Template-based multiple reference line intra prediction (TMRL) mode combines reference line and prediction mode together and uses a template matching method to construct a list of candidate combinations. An index to the candidate combination list is coded to indicate which reference line and prediction mode is used in coding the current block. The regular multiple reference line (MRL) for the non-TIMD part is replaced by TMRL mode. The TMRL mode extends reference line candidate list and the intra-prediction-mode candidate list. The extended reference line candidate list is {1, 3, 5, 7, 12} . The restriction on the top CTU row is unchanged. The size of the intra-prediction-mode candidate list is 10. The construction of the intra-prediction-mode candidate list is similar to MPM except the PLANAR mode is excluded from the intra-prediction-mode candidate list, DC mode is added after 5 neighboring PUs’ modes and DIMD modes if its not included and the angular modes with delta angles from ±1 to ±4 (compared the existing angular modes in the intra-prediction-mode candidate list) are added. The precision of angular prediction is extended from 65 to 129. Additionally non-adjacent positions are added as candidates in constructing the intra candidate list. If the neighbouring or non-adjacent blocks are coded with SGPM or GPM modes, the intra modes of the blocks are replaced by the partitioning angles. The TMRL candidate is constructed as follows. There are 5x10=50 combinations of the extended reference line and the allowed intra-prediction modes for a block. Since the extended reference line starts from reference line 1, the area covered by reference line 0 is used for template matching. The SAD costs over the template area (see Fig. 11) are calculated between the predictions (generated by 50 combinations) and the reconstructions. The 20 combinations with the least SAD cost are selected in an ascending order to form the TMRL candidate list. For TMR signalling instead of coding the reference line and the intra mode directly, an index to the TMRL candidate list is coded to indicate which combination of reference line and prediction mode is used for coding the current block. 2.1.13 Convolutional cross-component intra prediction model In this method convolutional cross-component model (CCCM) is applied to predict chroma samples from reconstructed luma samples in a similar spirit as done by the current CCLM modes. As with CCLM, the reconstructed luma samples are down-sampled to match the lower resolution chroma grid when chroma sub-sampling is used. Similar to CCLM top, left or top and left reference samples are used as templates for model derivation. Also, similarly to CCLM, there is an option of using a single model or multi-model variant of CCCM. The multi-model variant uses two models, one model derived for samples above the average luma reference value and another model for the rest of the samples (following the spirit of the CCLM design) . Multi-model CCCM mode can be selected for PUs which have at least 128 reference samples available. 2.1.13.1 Convolutional filter The convolutional 7-tap filter consist of a 5-tap plus sign shape spatial component, a nonlinear term and a bias term. The input to the spatial 5-tap component of the filter consists of a center (C) luma sample which is collocated with the chroma sample to be predicted and its above / north (N) , below / south (S) , left / west (W) and right / east (E) neighbors as illustrated below. Fig. 12 illustrates spatial part of the convolutional filter. The nonlinear term P is represented as power of two of the center luma sample C and scaled to the sample value range of the content: P = (C*C + midVal) >> bitDepth That is, for 10-bit content it is calculated as: P = (C*C + 512) >> 10 The bias term B represents a scalar offset between the input and output (similarly to the offset term in CCLM) and is set to middle chroma value (512 for 10-bit content) . Output of the filter is calculated as a convolution between the filter coefficients ci and the input values and clipped to the range of valid chroma samples: predChromaVal = c0C + c1N + c2S + c3E + c4W + c5P + c6B 2.1.13.2 Calculation of filter coefficients The filter coefficients ci are calculated by minimising MSE between predicted and reconstructed chroma samples in the reference area. Fig. 13 illustrates the reference area which consists of 2 or 6 lines of chroma samples above and left of the PU. Whether to use 6 lines or 2 lines of neighbouring samples to derive the CCCM model parameters in the single model CCCM is determined by a template cost. Similarly, for the multi-model CCCM mode, the two candidates use 6 lines neighbouring luma samples or luma samples collocated to the current chroma block to derive mean values which separate samples into two groups. The cost is derived by applying the candidate CCP (either 2 or 6 lines) on a template, calculating the sum of absolute difference (SAD) between CCP predicted samples and reconstructed samples in the template. Reference area extends one PU width to the right and one PU height below the PU boundaries. Area is adjusted to include only available samples. The extensions to the area shown in blue are needed to support the “side samples” of the plus shaped spatial filter and are padded when in unavailable areas. The MSE minimization is performed by calculating autocorrelation matrix for the luma input and a cross- correlation vector between the luma input and chroma output. Autocorrelation matrix is LDL decomposed and the final filter coefficients are calculated using back-substitution. The process follows roughly the calculation of the ALF filter coefficients in ECM, however LDL decomposition was chosen instead of Cholesky decomposition to avoid using square root operations. The autocorrelation matrix is calculated using the reconstructed values of luma and chroma samples. These samples are full range (e.g. between 0 and 1023 for 10-bit content) resulting in relatively large values in the autocorrelation matrix. This requires high bit depth operation during the model parameters calculation. It is proposed to remove fixed offsets from luma and chroma samples in each PU for each model. This is driving down the magnitudes of the values used in the model creation and allows reducing the precision needed for the fixed-point arithmetic. As a result, 16-bit decimal precision is proposed to be used instead of the 22-bit precision of the original CCCM implementation. Reference sample values just outside of the top-left corner of the PU are used as the offsets (offsetLuma, offsetCb and offsetCr) for simplicity. The samples values used in both model creation and final prediction (i.e., luma and chroma in the reference area, and luma in the current PU) are reduced by these fixed values, as follows: C'= C –offsetLuma N'= N –offsetLuma S'= S –offsetLuma E'= E –offsetLuma W'= W –offsetLuma P'= nonLinear (C') B = midValue = 1 << (bitDepth -1) and the chroma value is predicted using the following equation, where offsetChroma is equal to offsetCr and offsetCb for Cr and Cb components, respectively: predChromaVal = c0C'+ c1N'+ c2S'+ c3E'+ c4W'+ c5P'+ c6B + offsetChroma In order to avoid any additional sample level operations, the luma offset is removed during the luma reference sample interpolation. This can be done, for example, by substituting the rounding term used in the luma reference sample interpolation with an updated offset including both the rounding term and the offsetLuma. The chroma offset can be removed by deducting the chroma offset directly from the reference chroma samples. As an alternative way, impact of the chroma offset can be removed from the cross-component vector giving identical result. In order to add the chroma offset back to the output of the convolutional prediction operation the chroma offset is added to the bias term of the convolutional model. The process of CCCM model parameter calculation requires division operations. Division operations are not always considered implementation friendly. The division operation are replaced with multiplication (with a scale factor) and shift operation, where scale factor and number of shifts are calculated based on denominator similar to the method used in calculation of CCLM parameters. 2.1.13.3 Gradient Linear Model For YUV 4: 2: 0 color format, a gradient linear model (GLM) method can be used to predict the chroma samples from luma sample gradients. Two modes are supported: a two-parameter GLM mode and a three-parameter GLM mode. Compared with the CCLM, instead of down-sampled luma values, the two-parameter GLM utilizes luma sample gradients to derive the linear model. Specifically, when the two-parameter GLM is applied, the input to the CCLM process, i.e., the down-sampled luma samples L, are replaced by luma sample gradients G. The other parts of the CCLM (e.g., parameter derivation, prediction sample linear transform) are kept unchanged. C=α`G+β In the three-parameter GLM, a chroma sample can be predicted based on both the luma sample gradients and down-sampled luma values with different parameters. The model parameters of the three-parameter GLM are derived from 6 rows and columns adjacent samples by the LDL decomposition based MSE minimization method as used in the CCCM. C=α0·G+α1`L+α2·β For signaling, when the CCLM mode is enabled to the current CU, one flag is signaled to indicate whether GLM is enabled for both Cb and Cr components; if the GLM is enabled, another flag is signaled to indicate which of the two GLM modes is selected and one syntax element is further signaled to select one of 4 gradient filters for the gradient calculation. · Four gradient filters are enabled for the GLM, as illustrated in Fig. 14. 2.1.13.4 CCCM signalling Usage of the mode is signalled with a CABAC coded PU level flag. One new CABAC context was included to support this. When it comes to signalling, CCCM is considered a sub-mode of CCLM. That is, the CCCM flag is only signalled if intra prediction mode is LM_CHROMA. 2.1.13.5 CCCM using non-downsampled luma samples CCCM mode with 3x2 filter using non-downsampled luma samples is used, which consists of 6-tap spatial terms, four nonlinear terms and a bias term. The 6-tap spatial terms correspond to 6 neighboring luma samples (i.e., L0, L1, …, L5) around the chroma sample (i.e., C) to be predicted, the four non-linear terms are derived from the samples L0, L1, L2, and L3 as shown in Fig. 15. where αi is the coefficient, β is the offset. Same to the existing CCCM design, up to 6 lines / columns of chroma samples above and left to the current CU are applied to derive the filter coefficients. The filter coefficients are derived based on the same LDL decomposition method used in CCCM. The proposed method is signaled as an additional CCCM model besides the existing one, when the CCCM is selected, one single flag is signaled and used for both two chroma components to indicate whether the default CCCM model or the proposed CCCM model is applied. Additionally, SPS signaling is introduced to indicate whether the CCCM using non-downsampled luma samples is enabled. 2.1.13.6 Block-vector guided CCCM (BVG-CCCM) When the co-located luma prediction is coded with IBC or IntraTMP in Intra slices, the BVG-CCCM mode can be used. In this mode, the block vectors of the co-located luma blocks, coded in IBC or intraTMP modes, are used to determine the reference area for calculating the CCCM parameters. The prediction is performed using uses the calculated model parameters and co-located luma samples. Fig. 16 illustrates the reference area in BVG-CCCM method. The BVG-CCCM mode uses an 11-tap filter for cross-component prediction as below: predChromaVal = c0C + c1N + c2S + c3E + c4W + c5P (C) + c6P (N) + c7P (S) + c8P (W) + c9P (E) + c10B The input to the spatial 5-tap component of the filter consists of a center (C) luma sample which is collocated with the chroma sample to be predicted and its above / north (N) , below / south (S) , left / west (W) and right / east (E) neighbors as illustrated in Fig. 12. The nonlinear term P is represented as power of two of the corresponding luma sample and B is the bias term. Similar to Direct Block Vector (DBV) , five locations, in the collocated luma block area are scanned and the associated block vectors are then used for determining the reference area for parameter calculation in BVG-CCCM method. 2.1.13.7 Gradient and Location based convolutional cross-component model (GL-CCCM) This method maps luma values into chroma values using a filter with inputs consisting of one spatial luma sample, two gradient values, two location information, a nonlinear term, and a bias term. The GL-CCCM method uses gradient and location information instead of the 4 spatial neighbor samples used in the CCCM filter. The GL-CCCM filter used for the prediction is: predChromaVal = c0C + c1Gy + c2Gx + c3Y + c4X + c5P + c6B Where Gy and Gx are the vertical and horizontal gradients, respectively, and are calculated as: Gy = (2N + NW + NE) – (2S + SW + SE) Gx = (2W + NW + SW) – (2E + NE + SE) Moreover, the Y and X are the spatial coordinates of the center luma sample. The rest of the parameters are the same as CCCM tool. The reference area for the parameter calculation is the same as CCCM method. Fig. 17 illustrates spatial samples used for GL-CCCM. The usage of the mode is signalled with a CABAC coded PU level flag. When it comes to signalling, GL- CCCM is considered a sub-mode of CCCM. That is, the GL-CCCM flag is only signalled if original CCCM flag is true. Similar to the CCCM, GL-CCCM tool has 6 modes for calculating the parameters: · Single-model GL-CCCM from above and left templates · Single-model GL-CCCM from above template · Single-model GL-CCCM from left template · Multi-model GL-CCCM from above and left templates · Multi-model GL-CCCM from above template · Multi-model GL-CCCM from left template The encoder performs SATD search for the 6 GL-CCCM modes along with the existing CCCM modes to find the best candidates for full RD tests. 2.1.13.8 CCCM with Multiple Downsampling Filters Multiple downsampling filters are applied to a group of reconstructed luma samples in a CCCM. The linear combination of these downsampled reconstructed samples is multiplied by derived filter coefficients to form the final chroma predictor. The horizontal or vertical location of the center luma sample are also considered in the tested model. The cross-component models shown below are tested as additional CCCM modes with a mode index signalled in the bitstream: (1) Model 1: predChroma = c0 *H (C) + c1 * G1 (C) + c2 * G2 (C) + c3 * G3 (C) + c4 * P (H (C) ) + c5 * P (G1 (C) ) + c6 *P (G2 (C) ) + c7 *X + c8 *Y + c9 *B (2) Model 2: predChroma = c0 *H (C) + c1 * H (W) + c2 * H (E) + c3 * G1 (C) + c4 * G1 (W) + c5 * G1 (E) + c6 * P (H (C) ) + c7 * P (H (W) ) + c8 * P (H (E) ) + c9 *X + c10 *B (3) Model 3: predChroma = c0 *H (C) + c1 * H (NE) + c2 * H (SW) + c3 * G3 (C) + c4 * G3 (NE) + c5 * G3 (SW) + c6 * P (H (C) ) + c7 * P (H (NE) ) + c8 * P (H (SW) ) + c9 *Y + c10 *B where H (·) , G1 (·) , G2 (·) , G3 (·) are various downsampling filters as indicated in Fig. 18, C denotes the current chroma sample position, and N, S, W, E, NE, SW are the positions around C, ci are filter coefficients, P and B are nonlinear term and bias term, and X and Y are the horizontal and vertical locations of the center luma sample with respect to the top-left coordinates of the block. 2.1.14 Local-Boosting Cross-Component Prediction (LB-CCP) Prediction samples of MM-CCLM / MM-CCCM can be filtered with neighbouring samples. As shown in Fig. 19, a 3×3 low-pass filter is applied to filter prediction samples generated by MM-CCLM / MM-CCCM. For a sample at a top / left boundary, the filtering window may involve neighbouring reconstructed samples. For inner samples, the filtering window only involves prediction samples, which may be padded. A flag is signaled to indicate whether filtering is applied or not for a block coded with MM-CCLM / MM-CCCM. 2.1.15 Cross-Component Prediction (CCP) merge (a. k. a., non-local CCP) mode For chroma coding, a flag is signalled to indicate whether CCP mode (including the CCLM, CCCM, GLM and their variants) or non-CCP mode (conventional chroma intra prediction mode, fusion of chroma intra prediction mode) is used. If the CCP mode is selected, one more flag is signalled to indicate how to derive the CCP type and parameters, i.e., either from a CCP merge list or signalled / derived on-the-fly. a CCP merge candidate list is constructed from the spatial adjacent, temporal, spatial non-adjacent, history-based m or shifted temporal candidates. After including these candidates, default models are further included to fill the remaining empty positions in the merge list. In order to remove redundant CCP models in the list, pruning operation is applied. After constructing the list, the CCP models in the list are reordered depending on the SAD costs, which are obtained using the neighbouring template of the current block. More details are described below. Spatial adjacent and non-adjacent candidates The positions and inclusion order of the spatial adjacent and non-adjacent candidates are the same as those defined in ECM for regular inter merge prediction candidates. Temporal and shifted temporal candidates Temporal candidates are selected from the collocated picture. The position and inclusion order of the temporal candidates are the same as those defined in ECM for regular inter merge prediction candidates. The shifted temporal candidates are also selected from the collocated picture. The position of temporal candidates is shifted by a selected motion vector which is derived from motion vectors of neighboring blocks. History-based candidates A history-based table is maintained to include the recently used CCP models, and the table is reset at the beginning of each CTU row. If the current list is not full after including spatial adjacent and non-adjacent candidates, the CCP models in the history-based table are added into the list. Default candidates CCLM candidates with default scaling parameters are considered, only when the list is not full after including the spatial adjacent, spatial non-adjacent, or history-based candidates. If the current list has no candidates with the single model CCLM mode, the default scaling parameters are {0, 1 / 8, -1 / 8, 2 / 8, -2 / 8, 3 / 8, -3 / 8, 4 / 8, -4 / 8, 5 / 8, -5 / 8, 6 / 8} . Otherwise, the default scaling parameters are {0, the scaling parameter of the first CCLM candidate + {1 / 8, -1 / 8, 2 / 8, -2 / 8, 3 / 8, -3 / 8, 4 / 8, -4 / 8, 5 / 8, -5 / 8, 6 / 8} } . A flag is signaled to indicate whether the CCP merge mode is applied or not. If CCP merge mode is applied, an index is signaled to indicate which candidate model is used by the current block. In addition, CCP merge mode is not allowed for the current chroma coding block when the current CU is coded by intra sub-partitions (ISP) with single tree, or the current chroma coding block size is less than or equal to 16. 2.1.16 Spatial Geometric partitioning mode (SGPM) SGPM is an intra mode that resembles the inter coding tool of GPM, where the two prediction parts are generated from intra predicted process. In this mode, a candidate list is built with each entry containing one partition split and two intra prediction modes as shown in Fig. 20.26 partition modes and 3 of intra prediction modes are used to form the combinations. the length of the candidate list is set equal to 16. The selected candidate index is signalled. The list is reordered using template (Fig. 21) where SAD between the prediction and reconstruction of the template is used for ordering. The template size is fixed to 1. For each partition mode, an IPM list is derived for each part using the same intra-inter GPM list derivation (Sec. 2.2.21) . The IPM list size is set to 3. In the list, TIMD derived mode is replaced by 2 derived modes with horizontal and vertical orientations. The SGPM mode is applied with a restricted blocks size: 4<=width<=64, 4<=height<=64, width<height*8, height<width*8, width*height>=32. A PPS flag is coded to indicate whether no blending of two intra predictions is allowed. When this PPS flag is set to false, the following adaptive blending is also used for spatial GPM, where blending depth τ shown in Fig. 22 is derived as follows: · If min (width, height) ==4, 1 / 2 τ is selected, · else if min (width, height) ==8, τ is selected, · else if min (width, height) ==16, 2 τ is selected, · else if min (width, height) ==32, 4 τ is selected, · else, 8 τ is selected. Otherwise (the PPS flag is set to true) , 1 / 4 τ is always used for spatial GPM coded blocks to make sure no blending is used when SGPM block has partition angle completely horizontal or vertical, and much narrower blending width is used when SGPM block has other partition angles. It is noted that the flag is set to true in current Common Test Conditions (CTC) for the screen content videos. 2.1.17 Directional planar mode Two additional planar modes where only the horizontal interpolation or only the vertical interpolation are used to obtain the predicted samples. For planar horizontal mode, only the horizontal linear interpolation is performed based on the left reference sample and the top-right reference sample to predict the current sample as: pred (x, y) = ( (W-1-x) *rec (-1, y) + (x+1) *rec (W, -1) + (W>>1) ) >>log2 (W) For planar vertical mode, only the vertical linear interpolation is performed based on the above reference sample and the bottom-left reference sample to predict the current sample as: pred (x, y) = ( (H-1-y) *rec (x, -1) + (y+1) *rec (-1, H) + (H>>1) ) >>log2 (H) The transform kernel selection for planar horizontal and planar vertical mode is shown in Fig. 23. If an intra prediction mode of a current block is the planar vertical mode, the horizontal intra prediction mode is used to derive a transform kernel in MTS set and LFNST set. Also, if an intra prediction mode of a current block is the planar horizontal mode, the vertical intra prediction mode is used to derive a transform kernel in MTS set and LFNST set. 2.1.18 Direct block vector for chroma block The direct block vector is used for chroma block in dual tree slices. When chroma dual tree is activated, a flag is signaled to indicate whether a chroma block is coded using IBC mode. If one of the luma blocks in five locations shown in Fig. 24 is coded with IBC or intraTMP mode, its block vector is scaled and is used as block vector for the chroma block. Template matching is used to perform block vector scaling. 2.2 Inter prediction 2.2.1 Local illumination compensation (LIC) LIC is an inter prediction technique to model local illumination variation between current block and its prediction block as a function of that between current block template and reference block template. The parameters of the function can be denoted by a scale α and an offset β, which forms a linear equation, that is, α*p [x] +β to compensate illumination changes, where p [x] is a reference sample pointed to by MV at a location x on reference picture. When wrap around motion compensation is enabled, the MV shall be clipped with wrap around offset taken into consideration. Since α and β can be derived based on current block template and reference block template, no signaling overhead is required for them, except that an LIC flag is signaled for AMVP mode to indicate the use of LIC. The local illumination compensation is used for inter CUs with the following modifications. · Intra neighbor samples can be used in LIC parameter derivation; · LIC is disabled for blocks with less than 32 luma samples; · For both non-subblock and affine modes, LIC parameter derivation is performed based on the template block samples corresponding to the current CU, instead of partial template block samples corresponding to first top-left 16x16 unit; · Samples of the reference block template are generated by using MC with the block MV without rounding it to integer-pel precision. For the bi-predictive inter CUs, two sets of LIC parameters are separately dervided for L0 and L1 prediction samples. An iterative mannar to derive the L0 and L1 LIC parameters is applied. Specifically, L0 LIC paramters are firstly derived by minimizing difference between L0 template prediction T0 and the template T and the samples in T are updated by subtracting the corresponding samples in T0. Then, the L1 parameters are calculated that minimizes the difference between L1 template prediction T1 and the updated template. Finally, the L0 parameter is refined again in the same way. 2.2.2 Non-adjacent spatial candidate The non-adjacent spatial merge candidates are inserted after the temporal motion vector prediction (TMVP) in the regular merge candidate list. The pattern of spatial merge candidates is shown in Fig. 25. The distances between non-adjacent spatial candidates and current coding block are based on the width and height of current coding block. The line buffer restriction is not applied. 2.2.3 Temporal motion information derivation In VVC, the Temporal Motion Vector Prediction (TMVP) for the AMVP and merge mode is derived by fetching the motion information from the center or the bottom-right of the collocated block in a signaled collocated picture. Similarly, for the Subblock-based Temporal Motion Vector Prediction (SbTMVP) mode, the motion information from the left neighboring position is used as a motion shift, which is then employed to obtain TMVPs at sub-CU level. In ECM, to further improve the coding efficiency of TMVP, two aspects are modified. Firstly, two collocated pictures are utilized which are the two reference frames with the least POC distance relative to the to-be-coded frame. Secondly, the motion shift to locate TMVP is adaptively determined from multiple locations according to template costs. More specifically, two motion shift candidate lists are constructed respectively for the two collocated frames. The motion shifts with the minimum template matching cost are used to derive SbTMVP or TMVP candidates. At most 4 SbTMVP candidates are included in the sub-block-based merge list. The SbTMVP candidate with the least template matching cost derived from the first collocated frame is placed in the first entry without reordering, while other SbTMVP candidates are sorted together with affine candidates. In addition, the prediction direction of each subblock template is determined based on the center subblock. As illustrated in Fig. 26, if the center subblock is uni-predicted, then all the subblock templates are uni-predicted, and vice versa. If the motion vector of corresponding adjacent subblock at the determined reference list is not available for a subblock template, zero MV is used for that subblock template. 2.2.4 Template matching (TM) Template matching (TM) is a decoder-side MV derivation method to refine the motion information of the current CU by finding the closest match between a template (i.e., top and / or left neighbouring blocks of the current CU) in the current picture and a block (i.e., same size to the template) in a reference picture. As illustrated in Fig. 27, a better MV is searched around the initial motion of the current CU within a [–8, +8] -pel search range. The template matching method is used with the following modifications: search step size is determined based on AMVR mode and TM can be cascaded with bilateral matching process in merge modes. In AMVP mode, an MVP candidate is determined based on template matching error to select the one which reaches the minimum difference between the current block template and the reference block template, and then TM is performed only for this particular MVP candidate for MV refinement. TM refines this MVP candidate, starting from full-pel MVD precision (or 4-pel for 4-pel AMVR mode) within a [–8, +8] -pel search range by using iterative 16-point diamond search. The AMVP candidate may be further refined by using cross search with full-pel MVD precision (or 4-pel for 4-pel AMVR mode) , followed sequentially by half-pel and quarter-pel ones depending on AMVR mode as specified in Table 2. This search process ensures that the MVP candidate still keeps the same MV precision as indicated by the AMVR mode after TM process. In the search process, if the difference between the previous minimum cost and the current minimum cost in the iteration is less than a threshold that is equal to the area of the block, the search process terminates. Table 2. Search patterns of AMVR and merge mode with AMVR. In merge mode, similar search method is applied to the merge candidate indicated by the merge index. As Table 2 shows, TM may perform all the way down to 1 / 8-pel MVD precision or skipping those beyond half-pel MVD precision, depending on whether the alternative interpolation filter (that is used when AMVR is of half-pel mode) is used according to merged motion information. Besides, when TM mode is enabled, template matching may work as an independent process or an extra MV refinement process between block-based and subblock-based bilateral matching (BM) methods, depending on whether BM can be enabled or not according to its enabling condition check. When TM is applied to bi-predictive blocks, an iterative process is used. Specifically, the initial motion vectors of L0 and L1 are firstly refined and TM costs Cost0 and Cost1 are calculated for L0 and L1, respectively. When Cost0 is larger than Cost1, the refined motion vector of L1 (MV’1) is used to derive a further refined motion vector of L0 (MV’0) . Then, the MV’1 is further refined using MV’0. Similarly, when Cost0 is not larger than Cost1, the refined motion vector of L0 (MV’0) is used to derive a further refined motion vector of L1 (MV’1) , and the MV’0 is further refined using MV’1. Besides, TM for bi-prediction is enabled when DMVR condition is satisfied. 2.2.5 Multi-pass decoder-side motion vector refinement A multi-pass decoder-side motion vector refinement is applied. In the first pass, bilateral matching (BM) is applied to the coding block. In the second pass, BM is applied to each 16x16 subblock within the coding block. In the third pass, MV in each 8x8 subblock is refined by applying bi-directional optical flow (BDOF) . The refined MVs are stored for both spatial and temporal motion vector prediction. 2.2.5.1 First pass - Block based bilateral matching MV refinement In the first pass, a refined MV is derived by applying BM to a coding block. Similar to decoder-side motion vector refinement (DMVR) , in bi-prediction operation, a refined MV is searched around the two initial MVs (MV0 and MV1) in the reference picture lists L0 and L1. The refined MVs (MV0_pass1 and MV1_pass1) are derived around the initiate MVs based on the minimum bilateral matching cost between the two reference blocks in L0 and L1. BM performs local search to derive integer sample precision intDeltaMV. The local search applies a 3×3 square search pattern to loop through the search range [–sHor, sHor] in horizontal direction and [–sVer, sVer] in vertical direction, wherein, the values of sHor and sVer are determined by the block dimension, and the maximum value of sHor and sVer is 8. The bilateral matching cost is calculated as: bilCost = mvDistanceCost + sadCost. When the block size cbW * cbH is greater than 64, mean-removal SAD (MRSAD) cost function is applied to remove the DC effect of distortion between reference blocks. When the bilCost at the center point of the 3×3 search pattern has the minimum cost, the intDeltaMV local search is terminated. Otherwise, the current minimum cost search point becomes the new center point of the 3×3 search pattern and continue to search for the minimum cost, until it reaches the end of the search range. The existing fractional sample refinement is further applied to derive the final deltaMV. The refined MVs after the first pass is then derived as: · MV0_pass1 = MV0 + deltaMV, · MV1_pass1 = MV1 –deltaMV. 2.2.5.2 Second pass - Subblock based bilateral matching MV refinement In the second pass, a refined MV is derived by applying BM to a 16×16 grid subblock. For each subblock, a refined MV is searched around the two MVs (MV0_pass1 and MV1_pass1) , obtained on the first pass, in the reference picture list L0 and L1. The refined MVs (MV0_pass2 (sbIdx2) and MV1_pass2 (sbIdx2) ) are derived based on the minimum bilateral matching cost between the two reference subblocks in L0 and L1. For each subblock, BM performs full search to derive integer sample precision intDeltaMV. The full search has a search range [–sHor, sHor] in horizontal direction and [–sVer, sVer] in vertical direction, wherein, the values of sHor and sVer are determined by the block dimension, and the maximum value of sHor and sVer is 8. The bilateral matching cost is calculated by applying a cost factor to the SATD cost between two reference subblocks, as: bilCost = satdCost *costFactor. The search area (2*sHor + 1) * (2*sVer + 1) is divided up to 5 diamond shape search regions shown on Fig. 28. Each search region is assigned a costFactor, which is determined by the distance (intDeltaMV) between each search point and the starting MV, and each diamond region is processed in the order starting from the center of the search area. In each region, the search points are processed in the raster scan order starting from the top left going to the bottom right corner of the region. When the minimum bilCost within the current search region is less than a threshold equal to sbW *sbH, the int-pel full search is terminated, otherwise, the int-pel full search continues to the next search region until all search points are examined. Additionally, if the difference between the previous minimum cost and the current minimum cost in the iteration is less than a threshold that is equal to the area of the block, the search process terminates. The existing VVC DMVR fractional sample refinement is further applied to derive the final deltaMV (sbIdx2) . The refined MVs at second pass is then derived as: · MV0_pass2 (sbIdx2) = MV0_pass1 + deltaMV (sbIdx2) , · MV1_pass2 (sbIdx2) = MV1_pass1 –deltaMV (sbIdx2) . 2.2.5.3 Third pass - Subblock based bi-directional optical flow MV refinement In the third pass, a refined MV is derived by applying BDOF to an 8×8 grid subblock. For each 8×8 subblock, BDOF refinement is applied to derive scaled Vx and Vy without clipping starting from the refined MV of the parent subblock of the second pass. The derived bioMv (Vx, Vy) is rounded to 1 / 16 sample precision and clipped between -32 and 32. The refined MVs (MV0_pass3 (sbIdx3) and MV1_pass3 (sbIdx3) ) at third pass are derived as: · MV0_pass3 (sbIdx3) = MV0_pass2 (sbIdx2) + bioMv, · MV1_pass3 (sbIdx3) = MV0_pass2 (sbIdx2) –bioMv. 2.2.5.4 Fourth pass - Adaptive subblock based bi-directional optical flow MV refinement In the fourth pass, a refined MV is derived by applying BDOF to a 4×4 or 8×8 grid subblock. When a block is smaller than 1024 pixels, the 4×4 grid subblock is used. Otherwise, 8×8 grid subblock is used. The MV of each subblock is refined in the same way as that used in third pass. In all aforementioned sub-clauses, when wrap around motion compensation is enabled, the motion vectors shall be clipped with wrap around offset taken into consideration. 2.2.6 Adaptive decoder-side motion vector refinement Adaptive decoder side motion vector refinement method is an extension of multi-pass DMVR which consists of the two new merge modes to refine MV only in one direction, either L0 or L1, of the bi-prediction for the merge candidates that meet the DMVR conditions. The multi-pass DMVR process is applied for the selected merge candidate to refine the motion vectors, however either MVD0 or MVD1 is set to zero in the 1st pass (i.e., PU level) DMVR. The merge candidates for the new merge mode are derived from spatial neighboring coded blocks, TMVPs, non-adjacent blocks, HMVPs, pair-wise candidate, similar as in the regular merge mode. The difference is that only those meet DMVR conditions are added into the candidate list. The same merge candidate list is used by the two new merge modes. If the list of BM candidates contains the inherited BCW weights and DMVR process is unchanged except the computation of the distortion is made using MRSAD or MRSATD if the weights are non-equal and the bi-prediction is weighted with BCW weights. Merge index is coded as in regular merge mode. 2.2.7 OBMC When OBMC is applied, top and left boundary pixels of a CU are refined using neighboring block’s motion information with a weighted prediction. Conditions of not applying OBMC are as follows: · When OBMC is disabled at SPS level. · When current block has intra mode or IBC mode. · When current luma block area is smaller or equal to 32. Additionally, OBMC is adaptively controlled on a block level as follows: · OBMC flag is inherited from a neighboring affine block for affine merge mode. · OBMC is not applied to a block if there is a neighbor block coded with IBC, palette, or BDPCM modes. · When applying OBMC to a block, block boundary check whether OBMC is applied to the boundary is further made based on the reference samples of the current block. If any absolute difference between the prediction sample and non-interpolated (integer pel) reference sample is greater than a threshold, the OBMC is not applied to that boundary. A subblock-boundary OBMC is performed by applying the same blending to the top, left, bottom, and right subblock boundary pixels using neighboring subblocks’ motion information. It is enabled for the subblock based coding tools: · Affine AMVP modes; · Affine merge modes and subblock-based temporal motion vector prediction (SbTMVP) ; · Subblock-based bilateral matching. When OBMC mode is used in CIIP mode with LMCS, inter blending is performed prior to LMCS mapping of inter samples. LMCS is applied to blended inter samples which are combined with LMCS applied intra samples in CIIP mode, where InterpredY represents the samples predicted by the motion of current block in the original domain, IntrapredY represents the samples predicted in the mapped domain, OBMCpredY represents the samples predicted by the motion of neighboring blocks in the original domain, and w0 and w1 are the weights. When OBMC mode is used in a LIC coded block, the LIC parameters are applied to generate the corresponding prediction samples for the OBMC of the LIC coded block. Besides, to reduce the complexity, the OBMC is only applied to the top and left CU boundaries while being always disabled for the boundaries of the internal sub-blocks of the LIC coded block. 2.2.8 Template matching based OBMC In template matching based OBMC scheme, instead of directly using the weighted prediction, the prediction value of CU boundary samples derivation approach is decided according to the template matching costs, including using current block’s motion information only, or using neighboring block’s motion information as well with one of the blending modes. In this scheme for each block with a size of 4×4 at the top CU boundary, the above template size equals to 4×1. If N adjacent blocks have the same motion information, then the above template size is enlarged to 4N×1 since the MC operation can be processed at one time. For each left block with a size of 4×4 at the left CU boundary, the left template size equals to 1×4 or 1×4N (Fig. 29) . For each 4×4 top block (or N 4×4 blocks group) , the prediction value of boundary samples is derived following the below steps. Take block A as the current block and its above neighboring block AboveNeighbor_Afor example. The operation for left blocks is conducted in the same manner. First, three template matching costs (Cost1, Cost2, Cost3) are measured by SAD between the reconstructed samples of a template and its corresponding reference samples derived by MC process according to the following three types of motion information: Cost1 is calculated according to A’s motion information. Cost2 is calculated according to AboveNeighbor_A’s motion information. Cost3 is calculated according to weighted prediction of A’s and AboveNeighbor_A’s motion information with weighting factors as 3 / 4 and 1 / 4 respectively. Second, choose one approach to calculate the final prediction results of boundary samples by comparing Cost1, Cost2 and Cost 3. The original MC result using current block’s motion information is denoted as Pixel1, and the MC result using neighboring block’s motion information is denoted as Pixel2. The final prediction result is denoted as NewPixel. - If Cost1 is minimum, then NewPixel (i, j) = Pixel1 (i, j) . - If (Cost2 + (Cost2 >> 2) + (Cost2 >> 3) ) <= Cost1, then blending mode 1 is used. For luma blocks, the number of blending pixel rows is 4. NewPixel (i, 0) = (26×Pixel1 (i, 0) +6×Pixel2 (i, 0) +16) >>5 NewPixel (i, 1) = (7×Pixel1 (i, 1) +Pixel2 (i, 1) +4) >>3 NewPixel (i, 2) = (15×Pixel1 (i, 2) +Pixel2 (i, 2) +8) >>4 NewPixel (i, 3) = (31×Pixel1 (i, 3) +Pixel2 (i, 3) +16) >>5 For chroma blocks, the number of blending pixel rows is 1. NewPixel (i, 0) = (26×Pixel1 (i, 0) +6×Pixel2 (i, 0) +16) >>5 - If Cost1 <= Cost2, then blending mode 2 is used. For luma blocks, the number of blending pixel rows is 2. NewPixel (i, 0) = (15×Pixel1 (i, 0) +Pixel2 (i, 0) +8) >>4 NewPixel (i, 1) = (31×Pixel1 (i, 1) +Pixel2 (i, 1) +16) >>5 For chroma blocks, the number of blending pixel rows / columns is 1. NewPixel (i, 0) = (15×Pixel1 (i, 0) +Pixel2 (i, 0) +8) >>4 - Otherwise, blending mode 3 is used. For luma blocks, the number of blending pixel rows is 4. NewPixel (i, 1) = (7×Pixel1 (i, 1) +Pixel2 (i, 1) +4) >>3 NewPixel (i, 2) = (15×Pixel1 (i, 2) +Pixel2 (i, 2) +8) >>4 NewPixel (i, 3) = (31×Pixel1 (i, 3) +Pixel2 (i, 3) +16) >>5 For chroma blocks, the number of blending pixel rows is 1. NewPixel (i, 0) = (7×Pixel1 (i, 0) +Pixel2 (i, 0) +4) >>3 2.2.9 History-parameter-based affine model inheritance and non-adjacent affine mode History-parameter-based affine model inheritance (HAMI) allows the affine model to be inherited from a previously affine-coded block which may not be neighboring to the current block. Similar to the enhanced regular merge mode, non-adjacent affine mode (NA-AFF) is introduced. A first history-parameter table (HPT) is established. An entry of the first HPT stores a set of affine parameters: a, b, c and d, each of which is represented by a 16-bit signed integer. Entries in HPT is categorized by reference list and reference index. Five reference indices are supported for each reference list in HPT. In a formular way, the category of HPT (denoted as HPTCat) is calculated as HPTCat (RefList, RefIdx) = 5×RefList + min (RefIdx, 4) , wherein RefList and RefIdx represents a reference picture list (0 or 1) and a reference index, respectively. For each category, at most seven entries can be stored, resulting in 70 entries totally in HPT. At the beginning of each CTU row, the number of entries for each category is initialized as zero. After decoding an affine-coded CU with reference list RefListcur and RefIdxcur, the affine parameters are utilized to update entries in the category HPTCat (RefListcur, RefIdxcur) in a way similar to HMVP table updating. Fig. 30A and Fig. 30B illustrate the first HPT and the second HPT, respectively. A history-affine-parameter-based candidate (HAPC) is derived from one of the seven neighbouring 4×4 blocks denoted as A0, A1, A2, B0, B1, B2 or B3 in Fig. 30A and a set of affine parameters stored in a corresponding entry in the first HPT. The MV of a neighbouring 4×4 block served as the base MV. In a formulating way, the MV of the current block at position (x, y) is calculated as: where (mvhbase, mvvbase) represents the MV of the neighbouring 4×4 block, (xbase, ybase) represents the center position of the neighbouring 4×4 block. (x, y) can be the top-left, top-right and bottom-left corner of the current block to obtain the corner-position MVs (CPMVs) for the current block, or it can be the center of the current block to obtain a regular MV for the current block. A second history-parameter table (HPT) with base MV information is also appended. There are nine entries in the second HPT, wherein an entry comprises a base MV, a reference index and four affine parameters for each reference list, and a base position. An additional merge HAPC can be generated from the second HPT with the base MV information the corresponding affine models stored in an entry. The difference between the first HPT and the second HPT is illustrated in Figs. 30A-30B. Moreover, pair-wised affine merge candidates are generated by two affine merge candidates which are history- derived or not history-derived. A pair-wised affine merge candidates is generated by averaging the CPMVs of existing affine merge candidates in the list. As a response to new HAPCs being introduced, the size of sub-block-based merge candidate list is increased from five to fifteen, which are all involved in the ARMC process. In NA-AFF, the pattern of obtaining non-adjacent spatial neighbors is shown in Figs. 31A and 31B. Same as the existing non-adjacent regular merge candidates, the distances between non-adjacent spatial neighbors and current coding block in the NA-AFF are also defined based on the width and height of current CU. The motion information of the non-adjacent spatial neighbors in Figs. 31A and 31B is utilized to generate additional inherited and constructed affine merge / AMVP candidates. Specifically, for inherited candidates, the same derivation process of the inherited affine merge / AMVP candidates in the VVC is kept unchanged except that the CPMVs are inherited from non-adjacent spatial neighbors. The non-adjacent spatial neighbors are checked based on their distances to the current block, i.e., from near to far. At a specific distance, only the first available neighbor (that is coded with the affine mode) from each side (e.g., the left and above) of the current block is included for inherited candidate derivation. As indicated by the dashed arrows in Fig. 31A, the checking orders of the neighbors on the left and above sides are bottom-to-up and right-to-left, respectively. For the first type of constructed candidates, as shown in the Fig. 31B, the positions of one left and above non-adjacent spatial neighbors are firstly determined independently; After that, the location of the top-left neighbor can be determined accordingly which can enclose a rectangular virtual block together with the left and above non-adjacent neighbors. Then, as shown in the Fig. 32, the motion information of the three non-adjacent neighbors is used to form the CPMVs at the top-left (A) , top-right (B) and bottom-left (C) of the virtual block, which is finally projected to the current CU to generate the corresponding constructed candidates. The NA-AFF candidates are inserted into the existing affine merge candidate list and affine AMVP candidate list according to the following orders:Affine merge mode: 1. SbTMVP candidate, if available 2. Inherited from adjacent neighbors 3. Inherited from non-adjacent neighbors 4. Constructed from adjacent neighbors 5. The first type of constructed affine candidates from non-adjacent neighbors 6. Zero MVsAffine AMVP mode: 1. Inherited from adjacent neighbors 2. Constructed from adjacent neighbors 3. Translational MVs from adjacent neighbors 4. Translational MVs from temporal neighbors 5. Inherited from non-adjacent neighbors 6. The first type of constructed affine candidates from non-adjacent neighbors 7. Zero MVs Due to the inclusion of the additional candidates generated by NA-AFF, the size of the affine merge candidate list is increased from 5 to 15. The subgroup size of ARMC for the affine merge mode is increased from 3 to 15. In NA-AFF: 1. The area from where the non-adjacent neighbors come is restricted to be within the current CTU (i.e., no additional storage requirements for line buffer) . 2. The storage granularity for affine motion information, including CPMVs and reference indexes, is reduced from 8x8 to 16x16 (i.e., only the affine motion from the top-left 8x8 block is saved) . Additionally, the saved CPMVs are projected to each 16x16 block before storage, such that the position and size information are not needed. 3. Only the top-left and top-right CPMVs are stored (i.e., always using 4-parameter affine model for NA- AFF) . 2.2.10 Sample-based BDOF In the sample-based BDOF, instead of deriving motion refinement (Vx, Vy) on a block basis, it is performed per sample. The coding block is divided into 8×8 subblocks. For each subblock, whether to apply BDOF or not is determined by checking the SAD between the two reference subblocks against a threshold. If decided to apply BDOF to a subblock, for every sample in the subblock, a sliding 5×5 window is used and the existing BDOF process is applied for every sliding window to derive Vx and Vy. The derived motion refinement (Vx, Vy) is applied to adjust the bi-predicted sample value for the center sample of the window. 2.2.11 Interpolation The 8-tap interpolation filter used in VVC is replaced with a 12-tap filter. The interpolation filter is derived from the sinc function of which the frequency response is cut off at Nyquist frequency and cropped by a cosine window function. Table 3 gives the filter coefficients of all 16 phases. Fig. 33 compares the frequency responses of the interpolation filters with the VVC interpolation filter, all at half-pel phase. Table 3. Filter coefficients of the 12-tap interpolation filter For chroma interpolation additional longer 6-tap filters are used. The coefficients of filters are tabulated in Table 4. Table 4. The coefficients of the 6-tap interpolation filter for chroma components. 2.2.12 Multi-hypothesis prediction (MHP) In the multi-hypothesis inter prediction mode, one or more additional motion-compensated prediction signals are signaled, in addition to the conventional bi-prediction signal. The resulting overall prediction signal is obtained by sample-wise weighted superposition. With the bi-prediction signal pbi and the first additional inter prediction signal / hypothesis h3, the resulting prediction signal p3 is obtained as follows: p3= (1-α) pbi+αh3 The weighting factor α is specified by the new syntax element add_hyp_weight_idx, according to the following mapping: Analogously to above, more than one additional prediction signal can be used. The resulting overall prediction signal is accumulated iteratively with each additional prediction signal. pn+1= (1-αn+1) pn+αn+1hn+1 The resulting overall prediction signal is obtained as the last pn (i.e., the pn having the largest index n) . Within this EE, up to two additional prediction signals can be used (i.e., n is limited to 2) . The motion parameters of each additional prediction hypothesis can be signaled either explicitly by specifying the reference index, the motion vector predictor index, and the motion vector difference, or implicitly by specifying a merge index. A separate multi-hypothesis merge flag distinguishes between these two signalling modes. For inter AMVP mode, MHP is only applied if non-equal weight in BCW is selected in bi-prediction mode. Combination of MHP and BDOF is possible, however the BDOF is only applied to the bi-prediction signal part of the prediction signal (i.e., the ordinary first two hypotheses) . 2.2.13 Pixel based affine motion compensation The minimum affine subblock size is changed from 4x4 to 1x1 for both luma and chroma components, 1x1 subblock size allows pixel based affine MC. When affine subblock width or height is smaller than 4, PROF is disabled. 2.2.14 Adaptive reordering of merge candidates with template matching (ARMC-TM) The merge candidates are adaptively reordered with template matching (TM) . The reordering method is applied to regular merge mode, TM merge mode, and affine merge mode (excluding the SbTMVP candidate) . For the TM merge mode, merge candidates are reordered before the refinement process. An initial merge candidate list is firstly constructed according to given checking order, such as spatial, TMVPs, non-adjacent, HMVPs, pairwise, virtual merge candidates. Then the candidates in the initial list are divided into several subgroups. For the template matching (TM) merge mode, adaptive DMVR mode, each merge candidate in the initial list is firstly refined by using TM / multi-pass DMVR. Merge candidates in each subgroup are reordered to generate a reordered merge candidate list and the reordering is according to cost values based on template matching. The index of selected merge candidate in the reordered merge candidate list is signalled to the decoder. For simplification, merge candidates in the last but not the first subgroup are not reordered. All the zero candidates from the ARMC reordering process are excluded during the construction of Merge motion vector candidates list. The subgroup size is set to 5 for regular merge mode and TM merge mode. The subgroup size is set to 3 for affine merge mode. · Cost calculation The template matching cost of a merge candidate during the reordering process is measured by the SAD between samples of a template of the current block and their corresponding reference samples. The template comprises a set of reconstructed samples neighboring to the current block. Reference samples of the template are located by the motion information of the merge candidate. When a merge candidate utilizes bi-directional prediction, the reference samples of the template of the merge candidate are also generated by bi-prediction as shown in Fig. 34. · Refinement of the initial merge candidate list When multi-pass DMVR is used to derive the refined motion to the initial merge candidate list only the first pass (i.e., PU level) of multi-pass DMVR is applied in reordering. When template matching is used to derive the refined motion, the template size is set equal to 1. Only the above or left template is used during the motion refinement of TM when the block is flat with block width greater than 2 times of height or narrow with height greater than 2 times of width. TM is extended to perform 1 / 16-pel MVD precision. The first four merge candidates are reordered with the refined motion in TM merge mode. For subblock-based merge candidates with subblock size equal to Wsub × Hsub, the above template comprises several sub-templates with the size of Wsub × 1, and the left template comprises several sub-templates with the size of 1 × Hsub. As shown in Fig. 35, the motion information of the subblocks in the first row and the first column of current block is used to derive the reference samples of each sub-template. · Reordering criteria In the reordering process, a candidate is considered as redundant if the cost difference between a candidate and its predecessor is inferior to a lambda value e.g. |D1-D2| < λ, where D1 and D2 are the costs obtained during the first ARMC ordering and λ is the Lagrangian parameter used in the RD criterion at encoder side. The proposed algorithm is defined as the following: - Determine the minimum cost difference between a candidate and its predecessor among all candidates in the list. · If the minimum cost difference is superior or equal to λ, the list is considered diverse enough and the reordering stops. · If this minimum cost difference is inferior to λ, the candidate is considered as redundant, and it is moved at a further position in the list. This further position is the first position where the candidate is diverse enough compared to its predecessor. - The algorithm stops after a finite number of iterations (if the minimum cost difference is not inferior to λ) . This algorithm is applied to the Regular, TM, BM and Affine merge modes. A similar algorithm is applied to the Merge MMVD and sign MVD prediction methods which also use ARMC for the reordering. The value of λ is set equal to the λ of the rate distortion criterion used to select the best merge candidate at the encoder side for low delay configuration and to the value λ corresponding to a another QP for Random Access configuration. A set of λ values corresponding to each signaled QP offset is provided in the SPS or in the Slice Header for the QP offsets which are not present in the SPS. · Extension to AMVP modes The ARMC design is also applicable to the AMVP mode wherein the AMVP candidates are reordered according to the TM cost. For the template matching for advanced motion vector prediction (TM-AMVP) mode, an initial AMVP candidate list is constructed, followed by a refinement from TM to construct a refined AMVP candidate list. In addition, an MVP candidate with a TM cost larger than a threshold, which is equal to five times of the cost of the first MVP candidate, is skipped. Note, when wrap around motion compensation is enabled, the MV candidate shall be clipped with wrap around offset taken into consideration. 2.2.15 MV candidate type based ARMC Merge candidates of one single candidate type, e.g., TMVP or non-adjacent MVP (NA-MVP) , are reordered based on the ARMC TM cost values. The reordered candidates are then added into the merge candidate list. The TMVP candidate type adds more TMVP candidates with more temporal positions and different inter prediction directions to perform the reordering and the selection. Moreover, NA-MVP candidate type is further extended with more spatially non-adjacent positions. The target reference picture of the TMVP candidate can be selected from any one of reference picture in the list according to scaling factor. The selected reference picture is the one whose scaling factor is the closest to 1. 2.2.16 TM based reordering for MMVD and affine MMVD The MMVD offsets are extended for MMVD and affine MMVD modes. Additional refinement positions along k×π / 8 diagonal angles are added shown in Fig. 36, thus increasing the number of directions from 4 to 16. Second, based on the SAD cost between the template (one row above and one column left to the current block) and its reference for each refinement position, all the possible MMVD refinement positions (16×6) for each base candidate are reordered. Finally, the top 1 / 8 refinement positions with the smallest template SAD costs are kept as available positions, consequently for MMVD index coding. The MMVD index is binarized by the rice code with the parameter equal to 2. The affine MMVD reordering is extended, in which additional refinement positions along k×π / 4 diagonal angles are added. After reordering top 1 / 2 refinement positions with the smallest template SAD costs are kept. The first N motion candidates in the candidate list before being reordered are utilized as the base candidates for MMVD and affine MMVD. N is equal to 3 for MMVD, and [1, 3] depending on the neighboring block affine flags for affine MMVD. Two ways of adding MMVD offsets are allowed, including the ‘two-side’a nd ‘one-side’ , depending on whether the offset of the other reference picture list is mirrored or directly set to zero. Which way is applied to one block is dependent on the TM cost. 2.2.17 Regression based affine candidate derivation The Regression based Motion Vector Field (RMVF) derivation method provides a new variety of subblock- based merge candidate. The motion vectors and center positions from the neighboring subblocks of the current CU, as illustrated in Fig. 37, are used as the input to the linear regression process to derive a set of linear model parameters. The subblock motion field from a previous coded affine CU and the motion vectors from the adjacent subblocks of current CU are used as the input for the regression process. The predicted CPMVs for current block are derived as output. The regression based affine merge candidates are derived and added to the affine merge list. Subblock motion field from a previously coded affine CU and motion information from adjacent subblocks of a current CU are used as the input to the regression process to derive proposed affine candidates. The previously coded affine CU can be identified from scanning through non-adjacent positions and the affine HMVP table. Adjacent subblock information of current CU is fetched from 4x4 sub-blocks represented by the grey zone as depicted in Fig. 37. For each sub-block, given a reference list, the corresponding motion vector and center coordinate of the sub-block may be used. For each affine CU, up to 2 affine candidates can be derived. One with adjacent subblock information and one without. All the linear-regression-generated candidates are pruned and collected into one candidate sub-group, TM cost based ARMC process is applied when ARMC is enabled. Afterwards, up to N linear-regression-generated candidates are added to the affine merge list when N affine CUs are found. The number of affine candidates for ARMC is 30, the output list size is 15. 2.2.18 Geometric partitioning mode (GPM) with merge motion vector differences (MMVD) GPM in VVC is extended by applying motion vector refinement on top of the existing GPM uni-directional MVs. A flag is first signalled for a GPM CU, to specify whether this mode is used. If the mode is used, each geometric partition of a GPM CU can further decide whether to signal MVD or not. If MVD is signalled for a geometric partition, after a GPM merge candidate is selected, the motion of the partition is further refined by the signalled MVDs information. All other procedures are kept the same as in GPM. The MVD is signaled as a pair of distance and direction, similar as in MMVD. There are nine candidate distances (1 / 4-pel, 1 / 2-pel, 1-pel, 2-pel, 3-pel, 4-pel, 6-pel, 8-pel, 16-pel) , and eight candidate directions (four horizontal / vertical directions and four diagonal directions) involved in GPM with MMVD (GPM-MMVD) . In addition, when pic_fpel_mmvd_enabled_flag is equal to 1, the MVD is left shifted by 2 as in MMVD. 2.2.19 Geometric partitioning mode (GPM) with adaptive blending In VVC, the final prediction samples are generated with by blending the prediction of the two prediction signals using weighted average. Two integer blending matrices (W0 and W1) are used. The weights in the GPM blending matrices are derived from the ramp function based on the displacement from a predicted sample position to the GPM partitioning boundary. The blending area size is fixed to two (2 samples on each side of the GPM partition split boundary) . The blending process in ECM is improved by adding four extra blending area sizes (quarter, half, double, and quadrupole of the existing area size) as shown in Fig. 38. A CU level flag is coded to signal the selected blending area size is signalled. Furthermore, the extended weighting precision is utilized, in which the maximum value of the weighs is changed from 8 (in VVC) to 32 to accommodate the extended blending area sizes. 2.2.20 Geometric partitioning mode (GPM) with template matching (TM) Template matching is applied to GPM. When GPM mode is enabled for a CU, a CU-level flag is signaled to indicate whether TM is applied to both geometric partitions. Motion information for each geometric partition is refined using TM. When TM is chosen, a template is constructed using left, above or left and above neighboring samples according to partition angle, as shown in Table 5. The motion is then refined by minimizing the difference between the current template and the template in the reference picture using the same search pattern of merge mode with half-pel interpolation filter disabled. Table 5. Template for the 1st and 2nd geometric partitions, where A represents using above samples, L represents using left samples, and L+A represents using both left and above samples. A GPM candidate list is constructed as follows: 1. Interleaved List-0 MV candidates and List-1 MV candidates are derived directly from the regular merge candidate list, where List-0 MV candidates are higher priority than List-1 MV candidates. A pruning method with an adaptive threshold based on the current CU size is applied to remove redundant MV candidates. 2. Interleaved List-1 MV candidates and List-0 MV candidates are further derived directly from the regular merge candidate list, where List-1 MV candidates are higher priority than List-0 MV candidates. The same pruning method with the adaptive threshold is also applied to remove redundant MV candidates. 3. Zero MV candidates are padded until the GPM candidate list is full. The GPM-MMVD and GPM-TM are exclusively enabled to one GPM CU. This is done by firstly signaling the GPM-MMVD syntax. When both two GPM-MMVD control flags are equal to false (i.e., the GPM-MMVD are disabled for two GPM partitions) , the GPM-TM flag is signaled to indicate whether the template matching is applied to the two GPM partitions. Otherwise (at least one GPM-MMVD flag is equal to true) , the value of the GPM-TM flag is inferred to be false. 2.2.21 GPM with inter and intra prediction In GPM with inter and intra prediction, the final prediction samples are generated by weighting inter predicted samples and intra predicted samples for each GPM-separated region. The inter predicted samples are derived by inter GPM whereas the intra predicted samples are derived by an intra prediction mode (IPM) candidate list and an index signaled from the encoder. The IPM candidate list size is pre-defined as 3. The available IPM candidates are the parallel angular mode against the GPM block boundary (Parallel mode) , the perpendicular angular mode against the GPM block boundary (Perpendicular mode) , and the Planar mode as shown Figs. 39A-39C, respectively. Furthermore, GPM with intra and intra prediction as shown Fig. 39D is restricted to reduce the signalling overhead for IPMs and avoid an increase in the size of the intra prediction circuit on the hardware decoder. In addition, a direct motion vector and IPM storage on the GPM-blending area is introduced to further improve the coding performance. In DIMD and neighboring mode based IPM derivation Parallel mode is registered first. Therefore, max two IPM candidates derived from the decoder-side intra mode derivation (DIMD) method and / or the neighboring blocks can be registered if there is not the same IPM candidate in the list. As for the neighboring mode derivation, there are five positions for available neighboring blocks at most, but they are restricted by the angle of GPM block boundary as shown in Table 6, which are already used for GPM with template matching (GPM-TM) . Table 6. The position of available neighboring blocks for IPM candidate derivation based on the angle of GPM block boundary. A and L denotes the above and left side of the prediction block. GPM-intra can be combined with GPM with merge with motion vector difference (GPM-MMVD) . TIMD is used for on IPM candidates of GPM-intra to further improve the coding performance. The Parallel mode can be registered first, then IPM candidates of TIMD, DIMD, and neighboring blocks. 2.2.22 Template matching based reordering for GPM split modes In template matching based reordering for GPM split modes, given the motion information of the current GPM block, the respective TM cost values of GPM split modes are computed. Then, all GPM split modes are reordered in ascending ordering based on the TM cost values. Instead of sending GPM split mode, an index using Golomb-Rice code to indicate where the exact GPM split mode located in the reordering list is signaled. The reordering method for GPM split modes is a two-step process performed after the respective reference templates of the two GPM partitions in a coding unit are generated, as follows: · extending GPM partition edge into the reference templates of the two GPM partitions, resulting in 64 reference templates and computing the respective TM cost for each of the 64 reference templates; · reordering GPM split modes based on their TM cost values in ascending order and marking the best 32 split modes as available split modes. The edge on the template is extended from that of the current CU, as Fig. 40 illustrates, but GPM blending process is not used in the template area across the edge. After ascending reordering using TM cost, an index is signaled. 2.2.23 Bi-predictive GPM The GPM design in VVC relies on uni-predictive motion vectors to generate motion compensated prediction samples for each inter GPM partition. In ECM, such a design has been extended to allow usage of bi-predictive motion vectors. When constructing a GPM candidate list, the extraction process that extracts uni-predictive motion vectors from the initial merge list is invoked only for small blocks 8x8, 16x8 and 8x16. For larger blocks, the extraction process is bypassed, so the initial merge list (which may contain merged Bi-MVs) is directly used as the final GPM merge list. The generation of the initial merge list is the same as before (i.e., the normal merge list generation without any candidate reordering) except that when generating the initial merge list for larger blocks (i.e., blocks with the extraction process bypassed) , the motion vector difference threshold for controlling whether a candidate can be added into the list is increased to be one full sample distance. BDOF based motion vector refinement as in the multi-pass DMVR is used when generating motion compensated prediction samples. When GPM-MMVD is used for a GPM partition and its base motion vector is bi-predictive, for low-delay pictures, the signalled MVD is applied on top of the L0 and L1 motion vector as in the existing merge MMVD design. For non-low-delay pictures, the bi-predictive motion vector is converted into a uni-predictive motion vector first and then the MVD is applied on top. 2.2.24 Bilateral matching AMVP-merge mode The bi-directional predictor is composed of an AMVP predictor in one direction and a merge predictor in the other direction. The mode can be enabled to a coding block when the selected merge predictor and the AMVP predictor satisfy DMVR condition, where there is at least one reference picture from the past and one reference picture from the future relatively to the current picture and the distances from two reference pictures to the current picture are the same, the bilateral matching MV refinement is applied for the merge MV candidate and AMVP MVP as a starting point. Otherwise, if template matching functionality is enabled, template matching MV refinement is applied to the merge predictor or the AMVP predictor which has a higher template matching cost. AMVP part of the mode is signaled as a regular uni-directional AMVP, i.e. reference index and MVD are signaled, and it has a derived MVP index if template matching is used or MVP index is signaled when template matching is disabled. For AMVP direction LX, X can be 0 or 1, the merge part in the other direction (1 –LX) is implicitly derived by minimizing the bilateral matching cost between the AMVP predictor and a merge predictor, i.e., for a pair of the AMVP and a merge motion vectors. For every merge candidate in the merge candidate list which has that other direction (1 –LX) motion vector, the bilateral matching cost is calculated using the merge candidate MV and the AMVP MV. The merge candidate with the smallest cost is selected. The bilateral matching refinement is applied to the coding block with the selected merge candidate MV and the AMVP MV as a starting point. The third pass of multi pass DMVR which is sub-PU BDOF refinement of the multi-pass DMVR is enabled to AMVP-merge mode coded block. Sub-PU size of BDOF is adaptively selected depending on the width×height. For blocks smaller than 256, subblock size of 4×4, and otherwise 8×8 is used. In addition, the following high-precision equations to derive the BDOF MV refinement parameters are utilized: ∑Gx. Gx *vx + ∑Gx. Gy *vy = ∑dI . Gx → s1 *vx + s2 *vy = s3 ∑Gx. Gy *vx + ∑Gy. Gy *vy = ∑dI . Gy → s2 *vx + s5 *vy = s6 where Gx / Gy are the summation of the 2 horizontal / vertical gradients derived for each reference block. Summations (Σ) are weighted sums, where weights depend on the position in the target region Ω. The weights can also be applied to derive vx / vy in other cases. The mode is indicated by a flag, if the mode is enabled AMVP direction LX is further indicated by a flag. When bilateral matching (BM) AMVP-merge mode is used for the current block and template matching is enabled, MVD is not signalled. An additional pair of AMVP-merge MVPs is introduced. The merge candidate list is sorted based on the BM cost in increase order. An index (0 or 1) is signaled to indicate which merge candidate in the sorted merge candidate list to use. When there is only one candidate in merge candidate list, the pair of AMVP MVP and merge MVP without bilateral matching MV refinement is padded. 2.2.25 IBC merge / AMVP list construction The IBC merge / AMVP list construction compared to VVC is modified as follows: · Only if an IBC merge / AMVP candidate is valid, it can be inserted into the IBC merge / AMVP candidate list. · Above-right, bottom-left, and above-left spatial candidates (belonging to the adjacent spatial candidate category) and one pairwise average candidate can be added into the IBC merge / AMVP candidate list. · Template based adaptive reordering (ARMC-TM) is applied to IBC merge list. · Candidates from non-adjacent spatial neighboring blocks (a. k. a., non-adjacent candidates) can be added to the candidate lists of IBC merge modes and IBC AMVP. These non-adjacent candidates are inserted between the adjacent spatial candidates and the HBVP candidates for both IBC merge and IBC AMVP. The same reference area of non-adjacent merge in regular inter mode is reused for the IBC. · Restriction that adjacent spatial candidates cannot be used for IBC merge of a 4x4 CU is removed. The HMVP table size for IBC is increased to 25. After up to 20 IBC merge candidates are derived with full pruning, they are reordered together. After reordering, the first 6 candidates with the lowest template matching costs are selected as the final candidates in the IBC merge list. The zero vectors’ candidates to pad the IBC Merge / AMVP list are replaced with a set of BVP candidates located in the IBC reference region. A zero vector is invalid as a block vector in IBC merge mode, and consequently, it is discarded as BVP in the IBC candidate list. Three candidates are located on the nearest corners of the reference region, and three additional candidates are determined in the middle of the three sub-regions (A, B, and C) , whose coordinates are determined by the width, and height of the current block and the ΔX and ΔY parameters, as is depicted in Fig. 41. During the IBC AMVP list construction, a clustering of the BVP candidates may be applied when both BV candidate components are non-zero. The clustering as shown in Fig. 42 with L2 distance is applied if there are more than 2 valid BV candidates and up to 6 candidates are clustered, the clustering radius is defined as: Radius=log2 ( (cbWidth·cbHeight) >>MIN_PU_SIZE) The clustering method is applied in the candidate list order, and the candidates assigned to a group are removed from the list for the subsequent clusters. In each group, the BVP with a lowest TM cost is selected as the representative candidate of that group. Finally, the representative candidates of the two first groups are chosen as the candidates for the IBC AMVP list. Furthermore, if one of BV candidate components is zero or block is coded in RRIBC, a flag is signalled to indicate this case with a directional flag indicating horizontal or vertical component is non-zero. Instead of usual IBC AMVP list, two new BVP candidates are derived, and the sign of the non-zero BV component is derived at decoder side. The AMVP BVP0 is set to the nearest valid location to the current block (-cbWidth or -cbHeight) , so the non-zero BVD is always negative, pointing to the left for a BV with a zero vertical component or to the above for a BV with a zero horizontal component. Likewise, the AMVP BVP1 is set to the farthest position from the current block in the valid reference region, that is the left boundary or the top boundary of the IBC search region. Consequently, if the BVP1 is selected, the BVD is always positive, pointing to the right for BV with a zero vertical component or to the bottom for BV with a zero horizontal component. The optimal IBC AMVP index is signalled, which allows deriving the sign of the non-zero BVD component at the decoder side. The absolute magnitude of non-zero BVD component is further signalled. In RRIBC, the direction of the flipping mode is derived from the signalled directional flag. 2.2.26 IBC with Template Matching Template Matching is used in IBC for both IBC merge mode and IBC AMVP mode. The IBC-TM merge list is modified compared to the one used by regular IBC merge mode such that the candidates are selected according to a pruning method with a motion distance between the candidates as in the regular TM merge mode. The ending zero motion fulfillment is replaced by motion vectors to the left (-W, 0) , top (0, -H) and top-left (-W, -H) , where W is the width and H the height of the current CU. In the IBC-TM merge mode, the selected candidates are refined with the Template Matching method prior to the RDO or decoding process. The IBC-TM merge mode has been put in competition with the regular IBC merge mode and a TM-merge flag is signaled. In the IBC-TM AMVP mode, up to 3 candidates are selected from the IBC-TM merge list. Each of those 3 selected candidates are refined using the Template Matching method and sorted according to their resulting Template Matching cost. Only the 2 first ones are then considered in the motion estimation process as usual. The Template Matching refinement for both IBC-TM merge and AMVP modes is quite simple since IBC motion vectors are constrained (i) to be integer and (ii) within a reference region as shown in Fig. 43. So, in IBC-TM merge mode, all refinements are performed at integer precision, and in IBC-TM AMVP mode, they are performed either at integer or 4-pel precision depending on the AMVR value. Such a refinement accesses only to samples without interpolation. In both cases, the refined motion vectors and the used template in each refinement step must respect the constraint of the reference region. 2.2.27 IBC reference area The reference area for IBC is extended to two CTU rows above. Fig. 44 illustrates the reference area for coding CTU (m, n) . Specifically, for CTU (m, n) to be coded, the reference area includes CTUs with index (m–2, n–2) … (W, n–2) , (0, n–1) … (W, n–1) , (0, n) … (m, n) , where W denotes the maximum horizontal index within the current tile, slice or picture. When CTU size is 256, the reference area is limited to one CTU row above. This setting ensures that for CTU size being 128 or 256, IBC does not require extra memory in the current ETM platform. The per-sample block vector search (or called local search) range is limited to [– (C <<1) , C >> 2] horizontally and [–C, C >> 2] vertically to adapt to the reference area extension, where C denotes the CTU size. 2.2.28 Fractional pel IBC The option of block vector resolutions is extended to include quarter-pel resolution in additional to full-pel and 4-pel. Like inter AMVR syntax, the first bin is signalled to indicate whether BV is in quarter-pel resolution, and the second bin is signalled to switch between full-pel and 4-pel resolutions. The interpolation filters applied to the luma (8-tap) and chroma (6-tap existed inter interpolation) components of an IBC block. For template-based IBC tools, a 2-tap bilinear interpolation filter is applied to generate template prediction blocks. Reference sample padding is performed when some of them are located outside IBC reference area. When needed, it performs in horizontal direction first and then vertical direction. 2.2.29 Filtered IBC prediction Additional filtered IBC mode is introduced, where a filter is applied to IBC predictor, which is derived by minimizing MSE between current and reference template. Output of the filter is calculated as follows: predLumaVal = c0C + c1N + c2S + c3E + c4W + c5P + c6B The nonlinear term P is represented as power of two of the center sample C and scaled to the sample value range of the content: P = (C*C + midVal) >> bitDepth The bias term B represents a scalar offset between the input and output and is set to middle luma value (512 for 10-bit content) . This filtered mode is used as an additional mode for non-merge IBC blocks, and it is not used together with IBC-LIC, IBC-CIIP or RR-IBC. For IBC merge modes, this filtering mode is inherited when merge mode list is constructed. The mode flag is signalled before the IBC-LIC flag. 2.2.30 MVD prediction In this method, possible MVD sign combinations and possible combinations of the first 6 most signification suffix bins of MVD magnitudes are sorted according to the template matching cost and index corresponding to the true MVD sign and MVD magnitudes is derived and context coded. At decoder side, the MVD are derived as following: 1. Parse the magnitude of MVD components; 2. Parse context coded MVD prediction index; 3. Build MV candidates by creating combination between possible signs and possible MVD magnitudes and add it to the MV predictor; 4. Derive MVD prediction cost for each derived MV based on template matching cost and sort; 5. Use the signaled index to pick the true MVD. MVD prediction is applied to inter AMVP, affine AMVP, MMVD and affine MMVD modes. Note, when wrap around motion compensation is enabled, the MV candidate shall be clipped with wrap around offset taken into consideration. 2.2.31 BVD prediction Similar to MVD prediction, possible BVD sign combinations of IBC mode are sorted according to the template matching cost. Moreover, the first 4 most signification suffix bins of exponential Golomb code used to represent BVD magnitudes is also sorted according to the TM cost. An example is shown in Fig. 45. Template matching operation is used to determine a BVD candidate with the best cost, and indicate in the bitstream whether the best candidate is predicted correctly or not. 2.2.32 Enhanced bi-directional motion compensation In bi-directional motion compensation the out of boundary (OOB) prediction samples are discarded and only the non-OOB predictors, when available, are used to generate the final predictor. Specifically, let Pos_xi, j and Pos_yi, j denote the position of one prediction sample in one current block, and (x = 0, 1) denote the MV of the current block; PosLeftBdry, PosRightBdry, PosTopBdry and PosBottomBdry are the positions of four boundaries of the picture. One prediction sample is regarded as OOB when at least one of the following conditions is satisfied: where half_pixel is equal to 8 that represents the half-pel sample distance in the 1 / 16-pel sample precision. After examining the OOB condition for each sample, the final prediction samples of one bi-directional block are generated as follows: If is OOB and is non-OOB else if is non-OOB and is OOB else OOB checking process is also applicable when BCW is enabled. Finally, note this sample-adaptive bi-prediction process only applies to prediction units for which at least a reference bock is first detected as partially or entirely out-of-bounds. Thus, a block-level OOB criteria is first checked. If both prediction blocks are non-OOB, then the usual bi-prediction takes place. 2.2.33 Motion compensated picture boundary padding The samples outside of the picture boundary are derived by motion compensation instead of using only repetitive padding. In the implementation, the total padded area size is increased by 16 compared to repetitive padding. This is to keep MV clipping, which implements repetitive padding Fig. 46. For motion compensation padding, MV of a 4×4 boundary block is utilized to derive a M×4 or 4×M padding block. The value M is derived as the distance of the reference block to the picture boundary as shown on Fig. 47.Moreover, M is set at least equal to 4 as soon as the motion vector points to a position internal to the reference picture bounds. If boundary block is intra coded, then MV is not available, and M is set equal to 0. If M is less than 16, the rest of the padded area is filled with the repetitive padded samples. In case of bi-directional inter prediction, only one prediction direction, which has a motion vector pointing to the pixel position farther away from the picture boundary in the reference picture in terms of the padding direction, is used in MC boundary padding. The pixels in MC padding block are corrected with an offset, which is equal to the difference between the DC values of the reconstructed boundary block and its corresponding reference block. 2.2.34 Block level reference picture list reordering A block level reference picture reordering method based on template matching is used. For the uni-prediction AMVP mode, the reference pictures in List 0 and List 1 are interweaved to generate a joint list. For each hypothesis of the reference picture in the joint list template matching is performed to calculate the cost. The joint list is reordered based on ascending order of the template matching cost. The index of the selected reference picture in the reordered joint list is signaled in the bitstream. For the bi-prediction AMVP mode, a list of pairs of reference pictures from List 0 and List 1 is generated and similarly reordered based on the template matching cost. The index of the selected pair is signaled. 2.2.35 Reference picture resampling (RPR) Reference picture resampling is inherited from VVC. Compared to the filter lengths in VVC, e.g., 8, 6 and 4 taps for luma affine coded blocks, luma non-affine coded blocks and chroma respectively, the corresponding RPR filters in ECM are increased to 12, 10 and 6 taps. 2.2.36 Reconstruction-Reordered IBC (RR-IBC) A Reconstruction-Reordered IBC (RR-IBC) mode is allowed for IBC coded blocks. When RR-IBC is applied, the samples in a reconstruction block are flipped according to a flip type of the current block. At the encoder side, the original block is flipped before motion search and residual calculation, while the prediction block is derived without flipping. At the decoder side, the reconstruction block is flipped back to restore the original block. Two flip methods, horizontal flip and vertical flip, are supported for RR-IBC coded blocks. A syntax flag is firstly signalled for an IBC AMVP coded block, indicating whether the reconstruction is flipped, and if it is flipped, another flag is further signaled specifying the flip type. For IBC merge, the flip type is inherited from neighbouring blocks, without syntax signalling. Considering the horizontal or vertical symmetry, the current block and the reference block are normally aligned horizontally or vertically. Therefore, when a horizontal flip is applied, the vertical component of the BV is not signaled and inferred to be equal to 0. Similarly, the horizontal component of the BV is not signaled and inferred to be equal to 0 when a vertical flip is applied. To better utilize the symmetry property, a flip-aware BV adjustment approach is applied to refine the block vector candidate. Fig. 48A and Fig. 48B illustrate a BV adjustment, respectively. For example, as shown in Figs. 48A-48B, (xnbr, ynbr) and (xcur, ycur) represent the coordinates of the center sample of the neighbouring block and the current block, respectively, BVnbr and BVcur denotes the BV of the neighbouring block and the current block, respectively. Instead of directly inheriting the BV from a neighbouring block, the horizontal component of BVcur is calculated by adding a motion shift to the horizontal component of BVnbr (denoted as BVnbrh) in case that the neighbouring block is coded with a horizontal flip, i.e., BVcurh =2 (xnbr -xcur) + BVnbrh . Similarly, the vertical component of BVcur is calculated by adding a motion shift to the vertical component of BVnbr (denoted as BVnbrv) in case that the neighbouring block is coded with a vertical flip, i.e., BVcurv =2 (ynbr -ycur) + BVnbrv . 2.2.37 Combination of IBC with other coding tools 2.2.37.1 IBC merge mode with block vector differences (IBC-MBVD) Affine-MMVD and GPM-MMVD have been adopted to ECM as an extension of regular MMVD mode. It is natural to extend the MMVD mode to the IBC merge mode. In IBC-MBVD, the distance set is {1-pel, 2-pel, 4-pel, 8-pel, 12-pel, 16-pel, 24-pel, 32-pel, 40-pel, 48-pel, 56- pel, 64-pel, 72-pel, 80-pel, 88-pel, 96-pel, 104-pel, 112-pel, 120-pel, 128-pel} , and the BVD directions are two horizontal and two vertical directions. The base candidates are selected from the first five candidates in the reordered IBC merge list. And based on the SAD cost between the template (one row above and one column left to the current block) and its reference for each refinement position, all the possible MBVD refinement positions (20×4) for each base candidate are reordered. Finally, the top 8 refinement positions with the lowest template SAD costs are kept as available positions, consequently for MBVD index coding. The MBVD index is binarized by the rice code with the parameter equal to 1. In IBC-MBVD list derivation, adaptive BVD offsets along MVBD directions are enabled for IBC MBVD mode. The MBVD candidates search is a two-step process, which starts with checking template SAD costs of offsets added to BVP along each direction with the interval of 1-pel. The second step of the search checks template SAD costs with 1 / 4-pel interval for the candidates around the selected candidates from the first step. For the integer MBVD (when existed in ECM ph_fpel_mbvd_enabled_flag is 0) , those intervals are multiplied by 4. The candidates with the lowest TM cost are included into the final MBVD list. An IBC-MBVD coded block does not inherit flip type from a RR-IBC coded neighbor block. 2.2.37.2 Combined intra block copy and intra prediction Combined intra block copy and intra prediction (IBC-CIIP) is a coding tool for a CU which uses IBC and intra prediction to obtain two prediction signals, and the two prediction signals are weighted summed to generate the final prediction as follows: P=(wibc*Pibc+ ( (1<<shift) -wibc) *Pintra+ (1<< (shift-1) ) ) >>shift wherein Pibc and Pintra denote the IBC prediction signal and intra prediction signal. (wibc, shift) are set equal to (13, 4) and (1, 1) for IBC merge mode and IBC AMVP mode. An intra prediction mode (IPM) candidate list is used to generate the intra prediction signal, and the IPM candidate list size is pre-defined as 2. An IPM index is signalled to indicate which IPM is used. 2.2.37.3 IBC with Geometry Partitioning Intra block copy with geometry partitioning mode (IBC-GPM) is a coding tool which divides a CU into two sub-partitions geometrically. The prediction signals of the two sub-partitions are generated using IBC and intra prediction. IBC-GPM can be applied to regular IBC merge mode or IBC TM merge mode. An intra prediction mode (IPM) candidate list is constructed using the same method as GPM with inter and intra prediction for intra prediction, and the IPM candidate list size is pre-defined as 3. There are 48 geometry partitioning modes in total, which are divided into two geometry partitioning mode sets as follows: Table 7: Geometry partitioning modes in the first geometry partitioning mode set Table 8: Geometry partitioning modes in the second geometry partitioning mode set When IBC-GPM is used, an IBC-GPM geometry partitioning mode set flag is signalled to indicate whether the first or the second geometry partitioning mode set is selected, followed by the geometry partitioning mode index. An IBC-GPM intra flag is signalled to indicate whether intra prediction is used for the first sub-partition. When intra prediction is used for a sub-partition, an intra prediction mode index is signalled. When IBC is used for a sub-partition, a merge index is signalled. In bi-predictive IBC GPM, two flags are signalled to indicate the prediction modes of two partitions, the first flag indicates whether the first partition is intra predicted, and if not then the second flag is signalled to indicate whether intra prediction is used for the second partition. This method is applied to SCC only. 2.2.37.4 IBC BVP-merge and bi-predictive IBC merge IBC-BVP-merge is similar to AMVP-merge, derives one BV from IBC block vector prediction (BVP) and the second BV from IBC merge to form bi-prediction for IBC. Two different indices for the IBC BVP and the IBC merge candidates are signalled. Bi-predictive IBC merge is enabled together with MBVD and uni-merge. In bi-predictive IBC merge, two BVs from the existing IBC merge candidate list are derived, utilizing two different indices, which are signalled. Bi-predictive IBC merge is applied to IBC regular merge and IBC MBVD. Bi-predictive IBC merge, IBC MBVD, and IBC uni-merge are enabled for non-SCC classes. 2.2.37.5 IBC MBVD list derivation In the test 2.4a, adaptive BVD offsets along MVBD directions and enabled for IBC MBVD mode. The MBVD candidates search is a two-step process, which starts with checking template SAD costs of offsets added to BVP along each direction with the interval of 1-pel. The second step of the search checks template SAD costs with 1 / 4-pel interval for the candidates around the selected candidates from the first step. For the integer MBVD (when existed in ECM ph_fpel_mbvd_enabled_flag is 0) , those intervals are multiplied by 4. The candidates with the lowest TM cost are included into the final MBVD list. 2.2.37.6 IBC with Local Illumination Compensation Intra block copy with local illumination compensation (IBC-LIC) is a coding tool which compensates the local illumination variation within a picture between the CU coded with IBC and its prediction block with a linear equation. The parameters of the linear equation are derived same as LIC for inter prediction except that the reference template is generated using block vector in IBC-LIC. IBC-LIC can be applied to IBC AMVP mode and IBC merge mode. For IBC AMVP mode, an IBC-LIC flag is signalled to indicate the use of IBC-LIC. Top-only, left-only, or L-shape templates are allowed for deriving the single model parameters. MMLM is extended to IBC-LIC, which allows IBC-LIC to have two linear models in one CU. And only L-shape template is used in IBC-LIC MMLM. A mode index is signalled. For IBC merge mode, the IBC-LIC flag is inferred from the merge candidate. The IBC-LIC flag is inherited from an IBC HMVP candidate to harmonize IBC HMVP and IBC-LIC similar to the inter LIC case. 2.2.38 Template matching based BCW index derivation for merge mode The BCW index for merge coded CUs is derived based on template matching cost instead of being derived from neighboring blocks. Given a selected merge candidate, the TM cost values are calculated with different bi-prediction weights, and then, the bi-prediction weight with minimum TM cost value is used to predict the merge CU. When calculating TM cost for bi-predicted weights, the following rules are applied: - Since the inherited bi-predicted weight is likely to have higher accuracy than others, only the inherited bi- prediction weight and its two neighboring weights (i.e. ±1) are considered. For example, if the inherited bi-predicted weight is 4, then only three weights {3, 4, 5} are involved in TM cost calculation. - The TM cost of the inherited BCW index is multiplied with 0.90625, that is, the cost is reduced by 3 / 32. - The TM cost of the equal weight is multiplied with 0.90625 since bi-predicted samples are beneficial for BDOF and BDOF is only applied to CU with equal weights. The template matching based BCW index derivation is applied to CUs coded in regular merge, template matching, adaptive decoder-side motion vector refinement and MMVD modes. In addition, the bi-prediction weights for merge mode are extended from {-2, 3, 4, 5, 10} to {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} . Furthermore, the negative bi-predicted weights for non-merge mode {-2, 10} are replaced with positive weights {1, 7} . 2.2.39 DMVR for affine merge coded blocks DMVR is applied to affine merge coded blocks and affine MMVD coded blocks when DMVR condition is satisfied. It is also extended to adaptive BM merge mode. An affine motion field is modelized as follows (6-parameters affine case) : wherein (mvx, mvy) is the motion vector at location (x, y) and (mv0x, mv0y) is the base MV representing the translation motion of the affine model. Parameters and represent the non-translation parameters (rotation, scaling) . Motion vectors (mv0x, mv0y) , (mv1x, mv1y) and (mv2x, mv2y) are called the control point motion vectors (CPMVs) of the considered affine coding unit. In the DMVR process applied to affine, the bilateral matching cost is calculated per subblock. Then, the subblock bilateral matching costs and refined subblock MVs are used to determine the overall best refined CPMVs for the affine block. More specific, the CPMVs are refined according to the following steps: 1) Perform integer-pel bilateral matching for subblocks. Accumulate the subblock bilateral matching cost to determine the best integer-pel MV offset. 2) Perform half-pel bilateral matching search using the best integer MV offset as initial offset and output the best MV offset that minimizes the bilateral matching cost for the same set of the subblocks of step 1. 3) Perform linear regression using the refined subblock MVs from step 1 as input and output a set of control-point motion vectors. 4) Compare the bilateral matching cost of the output of the steps 2 and 3 to select the one with the smallest cost. In addition, the non-translation parameters of affine model are refined after the base MV are determined. Each of CPMVs is fixed as base MV in turn, and an offset is added to the non-translation parameter of affine model by minimizing the bilateral matching cost, and then the other two CPMVs are calculated according to based MV and refined non-translation parameters. For affine merge and affine MMVD modes, both CPMVs and non-translation parameters refinements are applied. When applying to affine MMVD mode, the MMVD offset is added to the affine DMVR refined affine merge base candidate if the base candidate meets the affine DMVR refinement condition. For adaptive BM merge mode, an affine merge list that only contains affine merge candidates that meet the affine DMVR conditions are constructed and then CPMVs refinement and non-translation parameters refinment are applied. 2.2.40 InterCCCM InterCCCM applies the CCCM method for predicting chroma samples from reconstructed luma samples when the CU uses inter prediction or intra block copy (IBC) . Fig. 49 illustrates the decoder side of the method. The cross-component filters are derived using the prediction blocks of luma and chroma. The derived filters are applied to the reconstructed luma block and blended with the prediction blocks of chroma to produce the final chroma prediction blocks. In the blending process the filtered reconstructed luma blocks use blending weight of 0.75 and chroma prediction blocks use blending weight of 0.25. The 8-tap filter consist of 6 spatial luma samples, a nonlinear term, and a bias term. The spatial luma samples (L0, …, L5) are obtained from the luma grid selecting the 6 luma samples closest to the chroma position C without down sampling as shown in Fig. 50. The predicted chroma value is obtained as: predChromaVal = c0 L0+ c1L1 + c2L2 + c3L3 + c4L4 + c5L5 + c6 nonlinear ( (L0+L3+1) >> 1) + c7 B, where nonlinear is CCCM’s nonlinear operator and B is bias. The filter coefficients are derived using ECM’s division-free Gaussian elimination method and the necessary offsets are applied to samples prior to filter derivation. The offsets for division-free Gaussian elimination method are obtained using a four-point average of the luma and chroma prediction blocks, where the four points correspond to the top-left, top-right, bottom-left and bottom-right corners of the blocks. For filter coefficient derivation at most 256 chroma samples are used. Usage of the mode is signalled with a CABAC coded TU level flag. One new CABAC context was included to support this. The InterCCCM flag is only signalled if the TU’s luma Cbf is non-zero and the CU’s predMode is either MODE_INTER or MODE_IBC. The encoder performs an RD decision in the transform selection loop for the chroma components when luma Cbf is non-zero and the CU’s predMode is either MODE_INTER or MODE_IBC. 3 Problems In ECM, separate / dual tree partition is allowed for intra I slice only. However, for inter slices, separate / dual tree partitioning could be used, and some other improvements may be applied to enhance the coding efficiency. 4 Detailed solutions The detailed embodiments below should be considered as examples to explain general concepts. These embodiments should not be interpreted in a narrow way. Furthermore, these embodiments can be combined in any manner. The terms “video unit” or “coding unit” or “block” may represent a picture, a slice, a tile, a coding tree block (CTB) , a coding tree unit (CTU) , a coding block (CB) , a CU, a PU, a TU, a PB, or a TB. The term “prediction unit” may represent a prediction block, or a prediction sample. The term “CCP” may refer to any cross-component prediction method such as any kind of LM / intraCCLM / interCCCM / MMLM / CCCM / GLM / GL-CCCM / intraCCPmerge / interCCPmerge. It could be used for an intra block, inter block, or IBC block. It could be a type of CCP based fusion mode. The term “VPDU” may refer to virtual pipeline data unit. It is noted that the terminologies mentioned below are not limited to the specific ones defined in existing standards. Any variance of the coding tool is also applicable. 1) The luma and chroma block of a coding unit in an inter slice may have different / separate / dual partitioning methods. a) For example, it is allowed that the luma and chroma components of a coding unit have dual / separate tree partitioning. b) For example, the coding unit may be coded with at least one of the following methods: i) For example, both the luma and chroma blocks are inter coded. ii) For example, both the luma and chroma blocks are intra coded. iii) For example, both the luma and chroma blocks are IBC coded. iv) For example, both the luma and chroma blocks are Palette coded. v) For example, the luma block is inter coded, but the chroma block is intra coded. vi) For example, the luma block is inter coded, but the chroma block is CCP coded. vii) For example, the luma block is inter coded, but the chroma block is IBC coded. viii) For example, the luma block is inter coded, but the chroma block is Palette coded. ix) For example, the luma block is intra coded, but the chroma block is inter coded. x) For example, the luma block is intra coded, and the chroma block is CCP coded. xi) For example, the luma block is intra coded, but the chroma block is IBC coded. xii) For example, the luma block is intra coded, but the chroma block is Palette coded. xiii) For example, the luma block is IBC coded, but the chroma block is inter coded. xiv) For example, the luma block is IBC coded, but the chroma block is intra coded. xv) For example, the luma block is IBC coded, but the chroma block is CCP coded. xvi) For example, the luma block is IBC coded, but the chroma block is Palette coded. xvii) For example, the luma block is Palette coded, but the chroma block is inter coded. xviii) For example, the luma block is Palette coded, but the chroma block is intra coded. xix) For example, the luma block is Palette coded, but the chroma block is CCP coded. xx) For example, the luma block is Palette coded, but the chroma block is IBC coded. c) For example, the luma component of the coding unit may be partitioned by a first splitting method, while the chroma component of the coding unit may be partitioned by a second splitting method. i) For example, the first splitting method may be no split, and the second splitting method may be QT split. ii) For example, the first splitting method may be no split, and the second splitting method may be BT split. iii) For example, the first splitting method may be no split, and the second splitting method may be TT split. iv) For example, the first splitting method may be QT split, and the second splitting method may be no split. v) For example, the first splitting method may be QT split, and the second splitting method may be BT split. vi) For example, the first splitting method may be QT split, and the second splitting method may be TT split. vii) For example, the first splitting method may be BT split, and the second splitting method may be QT split. viii) For example, the first splitting method may be BT split, and the second splitting method may be no split. ix) For example, the first splitting method may be BT split, and the second splitting method may be TT split. x) For example, the first splitting method may be TT split, and the second splitting method may be QT split. xi) For example, the first splitting method may be TT split, and the second splitting method may be BT split. xii) For example, the first splitting method may be TT split, and the second splitting method may be no split. 2) Whether to use separate / dual tree partition for a coding unit may be signalled in the bitstream. a) For example, whether to use separate / dual tree partition of a coding unit in inter slices may be signalled in a picture / slice / CTU / block / SPS / PPS / PH / SH / VPDU level. b) Alternatively, whether to use separate / dual tree partition of a coding unit in inter slices may be pre- defined. 3) Separate / Dual tree partition of a coding unit may be allowed for a coding unit when the size of the coding unit is less than (or no greater than) a threshold. a) For example, the coding unit may belong to an inter slice. b) For example, the coding unit may belong to an intra slice. c) For example, separate / dual tree partition (wherein the luma and chroma components for the child node are partitioned in different ways) may be allowed for a coding unit, regardless of the size of the coding unit. d) For example, separate / dual tree partition (wherein the luma and chroma components for the child node are partitioned in different ways) may be allowed for a coding unit, dependent on the slice type where the coding unit belongs to. i) For example, it may be allowed for a coding unit if such coding unit belongs to an inter slice. ii) For example, it may be allowed for a coding unit if such coding unit belongs to an intra slice. e) For example, single tree partition is firstly used to a parent node (wherein the luma and chroma components of a parent node are partitioned by a same splitting method) , until a child node reaches to VPDU size, the successive partition may be allowed to be separate / dual tree partition (wherein the luma and chroma components for the child node are partitioned in different ways) . f) For example, the threshold may be dependent on the VPDU size. i) For example, when the size of a coding unit is less or equal to the VPDU size, separate / dual tree partition may be allowed for this coding unit. (1) For example, the coding unit may be a partition node. (2) For example, the coding unit be a child node, and its parent partition may be a single tree partition. g) For example, the threshold may be integers. i) For example, when the size of a coding unit is less or equal to MxN (wherein M denotes the width and N denotes the height) , separate / dual tree partition may be allowed for this coding unit. (1) For example, MxN may refer to 64x64. (2) For example, MxN may refer to 32x32. 4) When a separate / dual tree partition is allowed for a coding unit (e.g., in inter slices) , restrictions to avoid redundant partitioning at different splitting levels may be applied for both luma and chroma components. a) For example, for a child node which is resultant from a horizontal BT partition, restriction of further vertical BT splitting on both the top and bottom part may be imposed to disallow QT like structure. b) For example, for a child node which is resultant from a vertical BT partition, restriction of further horizontal BT splitting on both the left and right part may be imposed to disallow QT like structure. 5) When a chroma coding process needs to access luma information (such as cross-component prediction, intra DM mode, chroma scaling of LMCS, etc. ) , restrictions may be imposed to the coding process. a) For example, for a coding unit in inter slices, if a chroma coding process needs to access luma information, the luma information may be fetched from a luma area / position outside a pre-defined region. i) For example, the luma information may be fetched from a luma area outside the current VPDU. ii) For example, the luma information may be fetched from a luma area outside the current 64x64 block (e.g., the 64x64 luma block where the current coding unit locates in) . iii) For example, the luma information may be fetched from a luma area outside the current 32x32 block (e.g., the 32x32 luma block where the current coding unit locates in) . b) For example, for a coding unit in inter slices, if a chroma coding process needs to access luma information, the luma information may be fetched from a luma area / position in a single tree area. i) For example, if the current coding unit is using dual / separate tree and its parent node is coded with single tree (e.g., the current coding unit is part of the parent node) , the luma information may be fetched from a luma area inside the parent node but outside the current coding unit. 6) When a chroma coding method needs to access luma information (such as cross-component prediction, intra DM mode, chroma scaling of LMCS, etc. ) , the enabling (or disabling) condition for the chroma coding method may be dependent on the partitioning information. a) For example, it may be dependent on the partitioning information of the current coding unit. b) For example, it may be dependent on the partitioning information of the parent node at a certain level. c) For example, it may be dependent on the partitioning information of the root node. d) For example, it may be dependent on the partitioning information of VPDU. e) For example, the chroma coding method may be allowed to a coding unit whose block size is greater than a pre-defined size (e.g., 32x32, or 64x64, or 128x128) . f) For example, the chroma coding method may be disallowed to a coding unit whose block size is less than a pre-defined size (e.g., 16x16, 32x32, or 64x64, or 128x128) . g) For example, the chroma coding method may be restricted if the current coding unit is smaller than a pre-defined size (e.g., 32x32, or 64x64, or 128x128) . h) For example, the chroma coding method may be allowed if at least one the following conditions is met. i) For example, luma component is no split. ii) For example, chroma component is no split. iii) For example, luma component is no split, and chroma component is no split. iv) For example, luma component is no split, and chroma component is QT split. v) For example, luma component is no split, and chroma component is horizontal BT split. (1) For example, additionally, the above chroma of the horizontal BT split chroma component is no split or vertical BT split. (2) For example, additionally, the bottom chroma of the horizontal BT split chroma component is no split or vertical BT split. vi) For example, luma component is QT split, and chroma component is no split. vii) For example, luma component is QT split, and chroma component is QT split. viii) For example, luma component is QT split, and chroma component is horizontal BT split. (1) For example, additionally, the above chroma of the horizontal BT split chroma component is no split or vertical BT split. (2) For example, additionally, the bottom chroma of the horizontal BT split chroma component is no split or vertical BT split. 7) For example, the chroma coding method that needs to access luma information may refer to at least one of the following coding methods: a) CCP / CCLM / CCCM / LM / CCRM based method. i) For example, LM, CCLM, MMLM, CCCM, GLM, NS-CCCM, MDF-CCCM, GL-CCCM, BVG- CCCM, inter CCCM, CCRM, LBCCP, inter CCP merge mode, intra CCP merge mode, a CCP fusion mode, etc. b) DIMD chroma mode. c) DBV mode. d) intra DM mode. e) intraTMP chroma mode. f) TIMD chroma mode. g) IBC chroma mode. h) TMRL / MRL chroma mode. i) For example, a variant mode of the above method. j) For example, a blended / fusion mode where one part of prediction is generated based on the above method.General aspects 8) The disclosed method may be used for a video unit coded with at least one of the following methods: a) An intra coded method. i) For example, EIP, EIP merge, intraTMP, DBV, DIMD, DIMD merge, OBIC, TIMD, PDP, intra merge mode, MRL, TMRL, EMRL, intra luma fusion, intra chroma fusion, SGPM, IBC, fractional BV, bi-IBC, PDPC, etc. ii) For example, a variant mode of the above method. b) A CCLM / CCCM / CCP / LM / CCRM based method. i) For example, LM, CCLM, MMLM, CCCM, GLM, NS-CCCM, MDF-CCCM, GL-CCCM, BVG- CCCM, inter CCCM, CCRM, LBCCP, inter CCP merge mode, intra CCP merge mode, a CCP fusion mode, etc. ii) For example, a variant mode of the above method. c) An inter coded method. i) For example, an inter merge mode. ii) For example, an inter AMVP mode. iii) For example, AMVP-merge, Affine, sbTMVP, subblock merge, pixel affine, affine DMVR, ADMVR, DMVR, BDOF, GPM-MMVD, GPM-TM, GPM, GPM inter-intra, CIIP-PDPC, CIIP-TM, CIIP-TIMD, CIIP, CIIP with subblock based motion compensation, MMVD, affine MMVD, MHP, OBMC, TM-OBMC, LIC, bi-LIC, etc. iv) For example, a variant mode of the above method. d) An IBC coded method. i) For example, an IBC merge mode. ii) For example, an IBC AMVP mode. iii) For example, RR-IBC, IBC-CIIP, IBC-GPM, IBC-LIC, IBC-MBVD, filtered IBC, IBC-TM, etc. iv) For example, a variant mode of the above method. e) Palette mode. i) For example, a variant mode of Palette mode. f) A fusion / blending based method. i) For example, an intra and inter blended method. (1) For example, CIIP-intra-inter, CIIP-PDPC-InterMerge, CIIP-TIMD-TMmerge, CIIP-intra- affine / sbtmvp, GPM-intra-inter, etc. ii) For example, an intra and intra blended method. (1) For example, intraTMP fusion, DIMD fusion, TIMD fusion, intra luma fusion, intra chroma fusion, SGPM intra-intra, etc. iii) For example, an inter and inter blended method. (1) For example, bi-predictive inter, BCW, GPM-inter-inter, MHP, etc. iv) For example, a CCP and intra / inter / IBC blended method. (1) For example, inter CCCM which blends inter and CCP. (2) For example, inter CCCM merge which blends inter and CCP. (3) For example, intra CCCM fusion which blends intra and CCP. (4) For example, intra chroma fusion which blends intra and CCP. v) For example, a CCP and CCP blended method. (1) For example, intra CCCM fusion which blends one CCP and another CCP. vi) For example, an intra and IBC blended method. (1) For example, CIIP-intra-IBC, GPM-intra-IBC, SGPM intra-IBC, etc. vii) For example, an inter and IBC blended method. (1) For example, CIIP-IBC-inter, GPM-IBC-inter, etc. viii) For example, an IBC and IBC blended method. (1) For example, bi-IBC, GPM-IBC-IBC, etc. ix) For example, a variant mode of the above method. 9) The disclosed method may be used in single tree. 10) The disclosed method may be used in dual tree. 11) The disclosed method may be used for chroma coding. 12) The disclosed method may be used for luma coding. 13) The disclosed method may be used for intra block coding. 14) The disclosed method may be used for inter block coding. 15) The disclosed method may be used for IBC block coding. 16) The disclosed method may be used in a inter (such as B or P) slice. 17) The disclosed method may be used in an intra (such as I) slice. 18) Whether to and / or how to apply the disclosed methods above may be signalled at sequence level / group of pictures level / picture level / slice level / tile group level, such as in sequence header / picture header / SPS / VPS / DPS / DCI / PPS / APS / slice header / tile group header. 19) Whether to and / or how to apply the disclosed methods above may be signalled at PB / TB / CB / PU / TU / CU / VPDU / CTU / CTU row / slice / tile / sub-picture / other kinds of region contain more than one sample or pixel. 20) Whether to and / or how to apply the disclosed methods above may be dependent on coded information, such as block size, colour format, single / dual tree partitioning, colour component, slice / picture type.
[0110] More details of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below which are related to video unit partition. The embodiments of the present disclosure should be considered as examples to explain the general concepts and should not be interpreted in a narrow way. Furthermore, these embodiments can be applied individually or combined in any manner.
[0111] As used herein, the term “video unit” may represent a coding tree block (CTB) , a coding tree unit (CTU) , a coding block (CB) , a coding unit (CU) , a prediction unit (PU) , a transform unit (TU) , a prediction block (PB) , a transform block (TB) , a subblock, a tile, a slice, a subpicture, a video processing unit comprising multiple samples / pixels, and / or the like. A video unit may be rectangular or non-rectangular. In some embodiments, the video unit may be a intermediate result of partitioning a CTU.
[0112] Fig. 51 illustrates a flowchart of a method 5100 for video processing in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 5100 may be implemented during a conversion between an inter slice of a video and a bitstream of the video. As shown in Fig. 51, the method 5100 starts at 5102 where a first partitioning scheme for a luma component of a current video unit within the inter slice and a second partitioning scheme for a chroma component of the current video unit are determined. The first partitioning scheme is allowed to be different from the second partitioning scheme.
[0113] As used herein, the inter slice may be a slice different from an intra slice. An intra (I) slice is a slice that is coded using intra prediction only. For example, the inter slice may be a predictive (P) slice or a bi-predictive (B) slice. The P slice is a slice that is coded using intra prediction or using inter prediction with at most one motion vector and reference index to predict the sample values of each block. The B slice is a slice that is coded using intra prediction or using inter prediction with at most two motion vectors and reference indices to predict the sample values of each block. It should be noted that a block within the inter slice is also allowed to be coded with non-inter mode, such as an intra mode, an intra block copy (IBC) mode, a palette mode, or the like.
[0114] In some embodiments, the first partitioning scheme and the second partitioning scheme may be determined based on dual tree partition. For example, in the dual tree partition, a partitioning structure of a luma component forms one coding tree, and a partitioning structure of chroma component forms a sperate coding tree, a.k.a., a chroma separate tree. The dual tree partition may also be referred to as separate tree partition. On the contrary, in a single tree partition, the luma and chroma components share a same coding tree. In other words, the luma and chroma components are partition according to a same partitioning scheme.
[0115] At 5104, the conversion is performed based on the first partitioning scheme and the second partitioning scheme. In some embodiments, the conversion may include encoding the inter slice into the bitstream. Alternatively or additionally, the conversion may include decoding the inter slice from the bitstream. It should be understood that the above illustrations and / or examples are described merely for purpose of description. The scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this respect.
[0116] In view of the above, for a video unit within an inter slice, a luma component and a chroma component of the video unit are allowed to be partitioned differently. Compared with the conventional solution where the luma and chroma components of the video unit are restricted to be partitioned in a same manner, the proposed method can advantageously improve the partitioning flexibility of the inter slice, and thus the coding efficiency can be improved.
[0117] In some embodiments, both the luma component and the chroma component of the current video unit may be coded with inter prediction. In some further embodiments, both the luma component and the chroma component of the current video unit may be coded with intra prediction. In some further embodiments, both the luma component and the chroma component of the current video unit may be coded with intra block copy (IBC) mode. In some further embodiments, both the luma component and the chroma component of the current video unit may be coded with palette mode.
[0118] In some further embodiments, the luma component of the current video unit may be coded with inter prediction, and the chroma component of the current video unit may be coded with intra prediction. In some further embodiments, the luma component of the current video unit may be coded with inter prediction, and the chroma component of the current video unit may be coded with cross-component prediction (CCP) mode. In some further embodiments, the luma component of the current video unit may be coded with inter prediction, and the chroma component of the current video unit may be coded with IBC mode. In some further embodiments, the luma component of the current video unit may be coded with inter prediction, and the chroma component of the current video unit may be coded with palette mode.
[0119] In some further embodiments, the luma component of the current video unit may be coded with intra prediction, and the chroma component of the current video unit may be coded with inter prediction. In some further embodiments, the luma component of the current video unit may be coded with intra prediction, and the chroma component of the current video unit may be coded with CCP mode. In some further embodiments, the luma component of the current video unit may be coded with intra prediction, and the chroma component of the current video unit may be coded with IBC mode. In some further embodiments, the luma component of the current video unit may be coded with intra prediction, and the chroma component of the current video unit may be coded with palette mode.
[0120] In some further embodiments, the luma component of the current video unit may be coded with IBC mode, and the chroma component of the current video unit may be coded with inter prediction. In some further embodiments, the luma component of the current video unit may be coded with IBC mode, and the chroma component of the current video unit may be coded with intra prediction. In some further embodiments, the luma component of the current video unit may be coded with IBC mode, and the chroma component of the current video unit may be coded with CCP mode. In some further embodiments, the luma component of the current video unit may be coded with IBC mode, and the chroma component of the current video unit may be coded with palette mode.
[0121] In some further embodiments, the luma component of the current video unit may be coded with palette mode, and the chroma component of the current video unit may be coded with inter prediction. In some further embodiments, the luma component of the current video unit may be coded with palette mode, and the chroma component of the current video unit may be coded with intra prediction. In some further embodiments, the luma component of the current video unit may be coded with palette mode, and the chroma component of the current video unit may be coded with CCP mode. In some further embodiments, the luma component of the current video unit may be coded with palette mode, and the chroma component of the current video unit may be coded with IBC mode. It should be understood that the above illustrations are described merely for purpose of description. The scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this respect.
[0122] In some embodiments, the first partitioning scheme may be different from the second partitioning scheme. In one example embodiment, the first partitioning scheme may be non-split, and the second partitioning scheme may be quaternary tree (QT) split. A schematic diagram of non-split and a schematic diagram of QT split are shown in Fig. 52. In a further example embodiment, the first partitioning scheme may be non-split, and the second partitioning scheme may be binary tree (BT) split. There are two types of BT split, i.e., horizontal BT (HBT) split and vertical BT (VBT) split. A schematic diagram of HBT split and a schematic diagram of VBT split are shown in Fig. 52. In a further example embodiment, the first partitioning scheme may be non-split, and the second partitioning scheme may be ternary tree (TT) split. There are two types of TT split, i.e., horizontal TT (HTT) split and vertical TT (VTT) split. A schematic diagram of HTT split and a schematic diagram of VTT split are shown in Fig. 52.
[0123] In a further example embodiment, the first partitioning scheme may be QT split, and the second partitioning scheme may be non-split. In a further example embodiment, the first partitioning scheme may be QT split, and the second partitioning scheme may be BT split. In a further example embodiment, the first partitioning scheme may be QT split, and the second partitioning scheme may be TT split.
[0124] In a further example embodiment, the first partitioning scheme may be BT split, and the second partitioning scheme may be non-split. In a further example embodiment, the first partitioning scheme may be BT split, and the second partitioning scheme may be QT split. In a further example embodiment, the first partitioning scheme may be BT split, and the second partitioning scheme may be TT split.
[0125] In a further example embodiment, the first partitioning scheme may be TT split, and the second partitioning scheme may be non-split. In a further example embodiment, the first partitioning scheme may be TT split, and the second partitioning scheme may be QT split. In a further example embodiment, the first partitioning scheme may be TT split, and the second partitioning scheme may be BT split. It should be understood that the possible implementations of the first and second partitioning schemes described here are merely illustrative and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure in any way.
[0126] In some embodiments, whether the first partitioning scheme is allowed to be different from the second partitioning scheme may be indicated in the bitstream. Alternatively, whether the first partitioning scheme is allowed to be different from the second partitioning scheme may be predetermined.
[0127] In some embodiments, first information regarding whether to apply dual tree partition on the current video unit may be indicated in the bitstream. By way of example rather than limitation, the first indication may be indicated at one of the following levels: a picture level, a slice level, a coding tree unit (CTU) level, a block level, a sequence parameter set (SPS) level, a picture parameter set (PPS) level, a picture header (PH) level, a slice header (SH) level, or a virtual pipeline data unit (VPDU) level. In some alternative embodiments, first information regarding whether to apply dual tree partition on the current video unit may be predetermined.
[0128] In some embodiments, at least one of the following may be allowed for a first video unit of the video regardless of a size of the first video unit: a partitioning scheme for a luma component of the first video unit is different from a partitioning scheme for a chroma component of the first video unit, or applying dual tree partition on the first video unit.
[0129] In some embodiments, whether at least one of the following is allowed for a first video unit of the video may be dependent on a type of a first slice comprising the first video unit: a partitioning scheme for a luma component of the first video unit may be different from a partitioning scheme for a chroma component of the first video unit, or applying dual tree partition on the first video unit. For example, if the type of the first slice is inter slice, the partitioning scheme for the luma component of the first video unit may be allowed to be different from the partitioning scheme for the chroma component of the first video unit, and / or the dual tree partition may be allowed to be applied on the first video unit. If the type of the first slice is intra slice, the partitioning scheme for the luma component of the first video unit may be allowed to be different from the partitioning scheme for the chroma component of the first video unit, and / or the dual tree partition may be allowed to be applied on the first video unit.
[0130] In some embodiments, if a size of a first video unit of the video is less than a size threshold, a partitioning scheme for a luma component of the first video unit may be allowed to be different from a partitioning scheme for a chroma component of the first video unit, and / or a dual tree partition may be allowed to be applied on the first video unit.
[0131] In some embodiments, the first video unit may be comprised in an inter slice. Alternatively, the first video unit may be comprised in an intra slice.
[0132] In some embodiments, the size threshold may be dependent on a VPDU size. By way of example rather than limitation, the size threshold may be equal to a VPDU size. VPDUs are non-overlapping units of a picture. In hardware video encoders / decoders, successive VPDUs are processed by multiple pipeline stages simultaneously, and different stages process different VPDUs simultaneously.
[0133] In some embodiments, the first video unit may correspond to a node of a coding tree for partitioning a coding tree unit (CTU) of the video. For example, the node corresponding to the first video unit is a child node of the coding tree, and a video unit corresponds to a parent node of the child node is partitioned based on a single tree partition. As used herein, a tree is a finite set of nodes with a unique root node, and it represents a recursive structure of the finite set of nodes without loops. A child node is a direct descendent of a node, and a parent node is a direct ancestor of a node. A root node is a node without a parent node.
[0134] In some embodiments, the size threshold may be M×N, where M represents a width and may be an integer, and N represents a height and may be an integer. In one example, each of M and N may be equal to 64. In another example embodiment, each of M and N may be equal to 32. It should be understood that the specific values recited herein are intended to be examples rather than limiting the scope of the present disclosure.
[0135] In some embodiments, a CTU of the video may be partitioned recursively based on single tree partition until a video unit obtained through the partition reaches a VPDU size, and the video unit may be allowed to be further partitioned based on dual tree partition.
[0136] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned first video unit may be the above-mentioned current video unit. Alternatively, the above-mentioned first video unit may be different from the above-mentioned current video unit. In this case, partitioning schemes for luma and chroma components of the first video unit may be determined, and a conversion between the first video unit and the bitstream may be performed.
[0137] In some embodiments, if the first partitioning scheme is allowed to be different from the second partitioning scheme or dual tree partition is allowed to be applied on the current video unit, at least one restriction for avoiding redundant partitioning at different partitioning levels may be applied for the luma component and the chroma component of the current video unit. For example, the current video unit may correspond to a first node in a coding tree for partitioning a CTU, and the at least one restriction may comprise at least one of the following: (1) if the current video unit is obtained by applying horizontal BT split on a video unit corresponding to a parent node of the first node, vertical BT split may be disallowed to be applied on the current video unit; or (2) if the current video unit is obtained by applying vertical BT split on a video unit corresponding to a parent node of the first node, horizontal BT split may be disallowed to be applied on the current video unit. Thereby, it can be avoided that a QT-like split structure is obtained through a combination of horizontal BT split and vertical BT split.
[0138] In some embodiments, if information of a set of luma samples is to be used in a chroma coding scheme for coding the chroma component of the current video unit, the set of luma samples may be restricted to be outside a target region of a picture comprising the current video unit. In one example embodiment, the target region may be a VPDU comprising the current video unit. In another example embodiment, the target region may be a 64×64 block comprising the current video unit. In a further example embodiment, the target region may be a 32×32 block comprising the current video unit. It should be understood that the above examples are described merely for purpose of description. The scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this respect.
[0139] In some embodiments, if information of a set of luma samples is to be used in a chroma coding scheme for coding the chroma component of the current video unit, the set of luma samples may be restricted to be within a single tree partition region. For example, the current video unit may correspond to a first node in a coding tree for partitioning a CTU, and the current video unit may be partitioned based on dual tree partition and a parent video unit corresponding to a parent node of the first node may be partitioned based on single tree partition. In this case, the set of luma samples may be restricted to be within the parent video unit but outside the current video unit.
[0140] In some embodiments, information of a set of luma samples is to be used in a chroma coding scheme for coding a chroma component of a video unit. Whether to enable the chroma coding scheme for the current video unit may be dependent on a partitioning information associated with the current video unit. In one example embodiment, the partitioning information associated with the current video unit may comprise partitioning information of the current video unit. Alternatively, the partitioning information associated with the current video unit may comprise partitioning information of a video unit corresponding to an ancestor of a coding tree node corresponding to the current video unit. In a further example embodiment, the partitioning information associated with the current video unit may comprise partitioning information of a video unit corresponding to a root node of a coding tree node corresponding to the current video unit. In a still further example embodiment, the partitioning information associated with the current video unit may comprise partitioning information of a VPDU comprising the current video unit. It should be understood that the above examples are described merely for purpose of description. The scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this respect.
[0141] In some embodiments, if a size of the current video unit is greater than a predetermined size, the chroma coding scheme may be allowed to be applied on the current video unit. If a size of the current video unit may be smaller than the predetermined size, the chroma coding scheme may be disallowed to be applied on the current video unit. If a size of the current video unit may be smaller than the predetermined size, the chroma coding scheme may be allowed to be applied on the current video unit with at least one at least one restriction. Examples of the restriction may include, but not limited to, the number of reference sample lines allowed to be used is restricted to be one, the allowed reference sample region is restricted to a predetermined region, or the like. It should be understood that the above examples are described merely for purpose of description. The scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this respect.
[0142] In some embodiments, the chroma coding scheme may be allowed to be applied on the current video unit if at least one of the following conditions is met: (1) the first partitioning scheme is non-split; (2) the second partitioning scheme is non-split; (3) the first partitioning scheme is non-split, and the second partitioning scheme is non-split; (4) the first partitioning scheme is non-split, and the second partitioning scheme is QT split; (5) the first partitioning scheme is non-split, and the second partitioning scheme is horizontal BT split; (6) the first partitioning scheme is non-split, the second partitioning scheme is horizontal BT split, and a partitioning scheme for an above chroma block obtained through the horizontal BT split is non-split or vertical BT split; (7) the first partitioning scheme is non-split, the second partitioning scheme is horizontal BT split, and a partitioning scheme for a bottom chroma block obtained through the horizontal BT split is non-split or vertical BT split; (8) the first partitioning scheme is QT split, and the second partitioning scheme is QT split; (9) the first partitioning scheme is QT split, and the second partitioning scheme is QT split; (10) the first partitioning scheme is QT split, and the second partitioning scheme is horizontal BT split; (11) the first partitioning scheme is QT split, the second partitioning scheme is horizontal BT split, and a partitioning scheme for an above chroma block obtained through the horizontal BT split is non-split or vertical BT split; or (12) the first partitioning scheme is QT split, the second partitioning scheme is horizontal BT split, and a partitioning scheme for a bottom chroma block obtained through the horizontal BT split is non-split or vertical BT split.
[0143] In some embodiments, the chroma coding scheme may comprise at least one of the following: a CCP-based mode, a decoder side intra mode derivation (DIMD) chroma mode, a direct block vector (DBV) mode, intra derived mode (DM) , an intra template matching prediction (IntraTMP) mode, a template-based intra mode derivation (TIMD) chroma mode, an IBC chroma mode, a template-based multiple reference line (TMRL) chroma mode, a multiple reference line (MRL) chroma mode. For example, the CCP-based mode may comprise at least one of the following: a cross-component linear model (CCLM) mode, a convolutional cross-component model (CCCM) mode, a linear mode (LM) , a cross-component residual model (CCRM) mode, a multi-model linear model (MMLM) mode, a gradient linear model (GLM) , a non-downsampled convolutional cross-component model (NS-CCCM) , a multiple downsample filter based convolutional cross-component model (MDF-CCCM) , a gradient and location based convolutional cross-component model (GL-CCCM) , a block-vector guided convolutional cross-component model (BVG-CCCM) , a convolutional cross-component model for inter block (inter CCCM) , a local-boosting cross-component prediction (LBCCP) , an inter CCP merge mode, an intra CCP merge mode, or a CCP fusion mode.
[0144] In some embodiments, the method may be allowed to be applied to a video unit coded with at least one of the following: an intra mode, a cross-component based mode, an inter mode, an intra block copy (IBC) based mode, a palette mode, or a blending-based mode.
[0145] In some embodiments, any of the above-described methods may be allowed to be applied to a block coded with an intra mode, a cross-component based mode, an inter mode, an intra block copy (IBC) based mode, a palette mode, or a blending-based mode, and / or the like.
[0146] By way of example rather than limitation, the intra mode may comprise at least one of the following: an extrapolation filter-based intra prediction (EIP) mode, an EIP merge mode, an intra template matching prediction (IntraTMP) mode, a direct block vector (DBV) mode, a decoder side intra mode derivation (DIMD) mode, a DIMD merge mode, an occurrence based intra coding (OBIC) mode, a template-based intra mode derivation (TIMD) mode, a matrix-based position dependent intra prediction (PDP) mode, an intra merge mode, a multiple reference line (MRL) mode, a template-based multiple reference line (TMRL) mode, an extended multiple reference line (EMRL) mode, an intra luma fusion mode, an intra chroma fusion mode, a spatial geometric partitioning mode (SGPM) , an intra block copy (IBC) , a fractional block vector (BV) , a bidirectional IBC (bi-IBC) mode, or a position dependent intra prediction combination (PDPC) mode.
[0147] By way of example rather than limitation, the cross-component based mode may comprise at least one of the following: a linear model (LM) mode, a cross-component prediction (CCP) mode, a cross-component linear model (CCLM) mode, a multi-model linear model (MMLM) mode, a convolutional cross-component model (CCCM) mode, a gradient linear model (GLM) mode, a non-downsampled convolutional cross-component model (NS-CCCM) , a multiple downsample filter based convolutional cross-component model (MDF-CCCM) mode, a gradient and location based convolutional cross-component model (GL-CCCM) , a block-vector guided convolutional cross-component model (BVG-CCCM) , a convolutional cross-component model for inter block (inter CCCM) mode, a cross-component residual model (CCRM) mode, a local boosting cross-component prediction (LBCCP) mode, an inter CCP merge mode, an intra CCP merge mode, or a CCP fusion mode.
[0148] By way of example rather than limitation, the inter mode may comprise at least one of the following: an inter merge mode, an inter advanced motion vector prediction (AMVP) mode, an AMVP-merge mode, an affine mode, a subblock-based temporal motion vector prediction (SbTMVP) mode, a subblock merge mode, a pixel affine mode, a decoder side motion vector refinement (DMVR) , a bi-directional optical flow (BDOF) mode, a geometric partitioning mode (GPM) mode, a GPM with merge mode with motion vector difference (GPM-MMVD) mode, a GPM with template matching (GPM-TM) mode, a GPM inter-intra mode, a combined inter and intra prediction (CIIP) mode, a CIIP-PDPC mode, a CIIP-TM mode, a CIIP-TIMD mode, a CIIP with subblock based motion compensation mode, a MMVD mode, an affine MMVD mode, a multi-hypothesis prediction (MHP) , an overlap subblock based motion compensation (OBMC) , a TM-OBMC, a local illumination compensation (LIC) , or a bidirectional LIC (bi-LIC mode) .
[0149] By way of example rather than limitation, the IBC-based mode may comprise at least one of the following: an IBC merge mode, an IBC AMVP mode, a reconstruction-reordered IBC (RR-IBC) mode, an IBC merge mode with block vector differences (IBC-MBVD) mode, a combined intra block copy and intra prediction (IBC-CIIP) mode, an IBC with geometric partitioning mode (IBC-GPM) mode, an IBC with local illumination compensation (IBC-LIC) mode, a filter IBC mode, or an IBC with template matching (IBC-TM) mode.
[0150] By way of example rather than limitation, the blending-based mode may comprise at least one of the following: an intra and inter blending mode, an intra and intra blending mode, an inter and inter blending mode, a CCP and intra blending mode, a CCP and inter blending mode, a CCP and IBC blending mode, a CCP and CCP blending mode, an intra and IBC blending mode, an inter and IBC blending mode, or an IBC and IBC blending mode.
[0151] By way of example rather than limitation, the intra and inter blending mode may comprise at least one of the following: a CIIP-intra-inter mode, a CIIP-PDPC-InterMerge mode, a CIIP-TIMD-TMmerge mode, a CIIP-intra-affine mode, a CIIP-intra-SbTMVP mode, or a GPM-intra-inter mode.
[0152] By way of example rather than limitation, the intra and intra blending mode may comprise at least one of the following: an intraTMP fusion mode, a DIMD fusion mode, a TIMD fusion mode, an intra luma fusion mode, an intra chroma fusion mode, or an SGPM intra-intra mode.
[0153] By way of example rather than limitation, the inter and inter blending mode may comprise at least one of the following: a bi-predictive inter mode, a BCW mode, a GPM-inter-inter mode, or an MHP mode.
[0154] By way of example rather than limitation, the CCP and intra blending mode may comprise at least one of the following: an intra CCCM fusion mode blending an intra prediction and a CCP prediction, or an intra chroma fusion blending an intra prediction and a CCP prediction.
[0155] By way of example rather than limitation, the CCP and inter blending mode may comprise at least one of the following: an inter CCCM blending an inter prediction and a CCP prediction, or an inter CCCM merge blending an inter prediction and a CCP prediction.
[0156] By way of example rather than limitation, the CCP and CCP blending mode may comprise an intra CCCM fusion blending more than one CCP prediction.
[0157] By way of example rather than limitation, the intra and IBC blending mode may comprise at least one of the following: a CIIP-intra-IBC mode, a GPM-intra-IBC mode, an SGPM intra-IBC mode.
[0158] By way of example rather than limitation, the inter and IBC blending mode may comprise at least one of the following: a CIIP-IBC-inter mode or a GPM-IBC-inter mode.
[0159] By way of example rather than limitation, the IBC and IBC blending mode may comprise at least one of the following: a bi-IBC mode, or a GPM-IBC-IBC mode.
[0160] In some embodiments, any of the above-described methods may be applied for a single tree partition, a dual tree partition, a chroma coding, a luma coding, an inter block coding, an intra block coding, an IBC coding, an intra slice, or an inter slice, and / or the like.
[0161] In some embodiments, whether to and / or how to apply any of the above-described methods may be indicated at one of the following: a sequence level, a group of pictures level, a picture level, a slice level, or a tile group level. Additionally or alternatively, whether to and / or how to apply any of the above-described methods may be indicated in one of the following: a sequence header, a picture header, a sequence parameter set (SPS) , a video parameter set (VPS) , a decoding parameter set (DPS) , a decoding capability information (DCI) , a picture parameter set (PPS) , an adaptation parameter sets (APS) , a slice header, or a tile group header.
[0162] In some embodiments, whether to and / or how to apply any of the above-described methods may be indicated at a region containing more than one sample or pixel. By way of example rather than limitation, the region may comprise a prediction block (PB) , a transform block (TB) , a coding block (CB) , a prediction unit (PU) , a transform unit (TU) , a coding unit (CU) , a virtual pipeline data unit (VPDU) , a coding tree unit (CTU) , a CTU row, a slice, a tile, a sub-picture, or the like.
[0163] In some embodiments, whether to and / or how to apply any of the above-described methods may be dependent on coded information. For example, the coded information may comprise a block size, a color format, a single tree partitioning, a dual tree partitioning, a color component, a slice type, or a picture type. It should be understood that the possible implementations of the coded information described here are merely illustrative and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure in any way.
[0164] In view of the above, the solutions in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure can advantageously improve coding efficiency and coding quality.
[0165] According to further embodiments of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium stores a bitstream of a video which is generated by a method performed by an apparatus for video processing. The method comprises: determining a first partitioning scheme for a luma component of a current video unit within an inter slice of the video and a second partitioning scheme for a chroma component of the current video unit, the first partitioning scheme being allowed to be different from the second partitioning scheme; and generating the bitstream based on the first partitioning scheme and the second partitioning scheme.
[0166] According to still further embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for storing bitstream of a video is provided. The method comprises: determining a first partitioning scheme for a luma component of a current video unit within an inter slice of the video and a second partitioning scheme for a chroma component of the current video unit, the first partitioning scheme being allowed to be different from the second partitioning scheme; generating the bitstream based on the first partitioning scheme and the second partitioning scheme; and storing the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium.
[0167] Implementations of the present disclosure can be described in view of the following clauses, the features of which can be combined in any reasonable manner.
[0168] Clause 1. A method for video processing, comprising: determining, for a conversion between an inter slice of a video and a bitstream of the video, a first partitioning scheme for a luma component of a current video unit within the inter slice and a second partitioning scheme for a chroma component of the current video unit, the first partitioning scheme being allowed to be different from the second partitioning scheme; and performing the conversion based on the first partitioning scheme and the second partitioning scheme.
[0169] Clause 2. The method of clause 1, wherein the inter slice is a predictive (P) slice or a bi-predictive (B) slice.
[0170] Clause 3. The method of any of clauses 1-2, wherein the first partitioning scheme and the second partitioning scheme are determined based on dual tree partition.
[0171] Clause 4. The method of any of clauses 1-3, wherein both the luma component and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with inter prediction, or both the luma component and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with intra prediction, or both the luma component and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with intra block copy (IBC) mode, or both the luma component and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with palette mode, or the luma component of the current video unit is coded with inter prediction, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with intra prediction, or the luma component of the current video unit is coded with inter prediction, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with cross-component prediction (CCP) mode, or the luma component of the current video unit is coded with inter prediction, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with IBC mode, or the luma component of the current video unit is coded with inter prediction, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with palette mode, or the luma component of the current video unit is coded with intra prediction, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with inter prediction, or the luma component of the current video unit is coded with intra prediction, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with CCP mode, or the luma component of the current video unit is coded with intra prediction, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with IBC mode, or the luma component of the current video unit is coded with intra prediction, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with palette mode, or the luma component of the current video unit is coded with IBC mode, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with inter prediction, or the luma component of the current video unit is coded with IBC mode, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with intra prediction, or the luma component of the current video unit is coded with IBC mode, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with CCP mode, or the luma component of the current video unit is coded with IBC mode, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with palette mode, or the luma component of the current video unit is coded with palette mode, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with inter prediction, or the luma component of the current video unit is coded with palette mode, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with intra prediction, or the luma component of the current video unit is coded with palette mode, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with CCP mode, or the luma component of the current video unit is coded with palette mode, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with IBC mode.
[0172] Clause 5. The method of any of clauses 1-4, wherein the first partitioning scheme is different from the second partitioning scheme.
[0173] Clause 6. The method of clause 5, wherein the first partitioning scheme is non-split, and the second partitioning scheme is quaternary tree (QT) split, or the first partitioning scheme is non-split, and the second partitioning scheme is binary tree (BT) split, or the first partitioning scheme is non-split, and the second partitioning scheme is ternary tree (TT) split, or the first partitioning scheme is QT split, and the second partitioning scheme is non-split, or the first partitioning scheme is QT split, and the second partitioning scheme is BT split, or the first partitioning scheme is QT split, and the second partitioning scheme is TT split, or the first partitioning scheme is BT split, and the second partitioning scheme is non-split, or the first partitioning scheme is BT split, and the second partitioning scheme is QT split, or the first partitioning scheme is BT split, and the second partitioning scheme is TT split, or the first partitioning scheme is TT split, and the second partitioning scheme is non-split, or the first partitioning scheme is TT split, and the second partitioning scheme is QT split, or the first partitioning scheme is TT split, and the second partitioning scheme is BT split.
[0174] Clause 7. The method of any of clauses 1-6, wherein whether the first partitioning scheme is allowed to be different from the second partitioning scheme is indicated in the bitstream or predetermined.
[0175] Clause 8. The method of any of clauses 1-7, wherein first information regarding whether to apply dual tree partition on the current video unit is indicated in the bitstream.
[0176] Clause 9. The method of clause 8, wherein the first indication is indicated at one of the following levels: a picture level, a slice level, a coding tree unit (CTU) level, a block level, a sequence parameter set (SPS) level, a picture parameter set (PPS) level, a picture header (PH) level, a slice header (SH) level, or a virtual pipeline data unit (VPDU) level.
[0177] Clause 10. The method of any of clauses 1-7, wherein first information regarding whether to apply dual tree partition on the current video unit is predetermined.
[0178] Clause 11. The method of any of clauses 1-10, wherein at least one of the following is allowed for a first video unit of the video regardless of a size of the first video unit: a partitioning scheme for a luma component of the first video unit is different from a partitioning scheme for a chroma component of the first video unit, or applying dual tree partition on the first video unit.
[0179] Clause 12. The method of any of clauses 1-11, wherein whether at least one of the following is allowed for a first video unit of the video is dependent on a type of a first slice comprising the first video unit: a partitioning scheme for a luma component of the first video unit is different from a partitioning scheme for a chroma component of the first video unit, or applying dual tree partition on the first video unit.
[0180] Clause 13. The method of clause 12, wherein in accordance with that the type of the first slice is inter slice, the partitioning scheme for the luma component of the first video unit is allowed to be different from the partitioning scheme for the chroma component of the first video unit, and / or the dual tree partition is allowed to be applied on the first video unit.
[0181] Clause 14. The method of any of clauses 12-13, wherein in accordance with that the type of the first slice is intra slice, the partitioning scheme for the luma component of the first video unit is allowed to be different from the partitioning scheme for the chroma component of the first video unit, and / or the dual tree partition is allowed to be applied on the first video unit.
[0182] Clause 15. The method of any of clauses 1-14, wherein in accordance with that a size of a first video unit of the video is less than a size threshold, a partitioning scheme for a luma component of the first video unit is allowed to be different from a partitioning scheme for a chroma component of the first video unit, and / or a dual tree partition is allowed to be applied on the first video unit.
[0183] Clause 16. The method of clause 15, wherein the first video unit is comprised in an inter slice, or wherein the first video unit is comprised in an intra slice.
[0184] Clause 17. The method of any of clauses 15-16, wherein the size threshold is dependent on a VPDU size.
[0185] Clause 18. The method of clause 17, wherein the size threshold is equal to a VPDU size.
[0186] Clause 19. The method of any of clauses 15-18, wherein the first video unit corresponds to a node of a coding tree for partitioning a coding tree unit (CTU) of the video.
[0187] Clause 20. The method of clause 19, wherein the node corresponding to the first video unit is a child node of the coding tree, and a video unit corresponds to a parent node of the child node is partitioned based on a single tree partition.
[0188] Clause 21. The method of any of clauses 15-16, wherein the size threshold is M×N, M represents a width and is an integer, and N represents a height and is an integer.
[0189] Clause 22. The method of clause 21, wherein each of M and N is equal to 64, or each of M and N is equal to 32.
[0190] Clause 23. The method of any of clauses 1-22, wherein a CTU of the video is partitioned recursively based on single tree partition until a video unit obtained through the partition reaches a VPDU size, and the video unit is allowed to be further partitioned based on dual tree partition.
[0191] Clause 24. The method of any of clauses 1-23, wherein in accordance with that the first partitioning scheme is allowed to be different from the second partitioning scheme or dual tree partition is allowed to be applied on the current video unit, at least one restriction for avoiding redundant partitioning at different partitioning levels is applied for the luma component and the chroma component of the current video unit.
[0192] Clause 25. The method of clause 24, wherein the current video unit corresponds to a first node in a coding tree for partitioning a CTU, and the at least one restriction comprises at least one of the following: in accordance with that the current video unit is obtained by applying horizontal BT split on a video unit corresponding to a parent node of the first node, vertical BT split is disallowed to be applied on the current video unit, or in accordance with that the current video unit is obtained by applying vertical BT split on a video unit corresponding to a parent node of the first node, horizontal BT split is disallowed to be applied on the current video unit.
[0193] Clause 26. The method of any of clauses 1-25, wherein in accordance with that information of a set of luma samples is to be used in a chroma coding scheme for coding the chroma component of the current video unit, the set of luma samples is restricted to be outside a target region of a picture comprising the current video unit.
[0194] Clause 27. The method of clause 26, wherein the target region comprises one of the following: a VPDU comprising the current video unit, a 64×64 block comprising the current video unit, or a 32×32 block comprising the current video unit.
[0195] Clause 28. The method of any of clauses 1-27, wherein in accordance with that information of a set of luma samples is to be used in a chroma coding scheme for coding the chroma component of the current video unit, the set of luma samples is restricted to be within a single tree partition region.
[0196] Clause 29. The method of clause 28, wherein the current video unit corresponds to a first node in a coding tree for partitioning a CTU, the current video unit is partitioned based on dual tree partition and a parent video unit corresponding to a parent node of the first node is partitioned based on single tree partition, and the set of luma samples is restricted to be within the parent video unit but outside the current video unit.
[0197] Clause 30. The method of any of clauses 1-29, wherein information of a set of luma samples is to be used in a chroma coding scheme for coding a chroma component of a video unit, and whether to enable the chroma coding scheme for the current video unit is dependent on a partitioning information associated with the current video unit.
[0198] Clause 31. The method of clause 30, wherein the partitioning information associated with the current video unit comprises one of the following: partitioning information of the current video unit, partitioning information of a video unit corresponding to an ancestor of a coding tree node corresponding to the current video unit, partitioning information of a video unit corresponding to a root node of a coding tree node corresponding to the current video unit, or partitioning information of a VPDU comprising the current video unit.
[0199] Clause 32. The method of any of clauses 1-31, wherein information of a set of luma samples is to be used in a chroma coding scheme for coding a chroma component of a video unit, and in accordance with that a size of the current video unit is greater than a predetermined size, the chroma coding scheme is allowed to be applied on the current video unit, or in accordance with that a size of the current video unit is smaller than the predetermined size, the chroma coding scheme is disallowed to be applied on the current video unit, or in accordance with that a size of the current video unit is smaller than the predetermined size, the chroma coding scheme is allowed to be applied on the current video unit with at least one at least one restriction.
[0200] Clause 33. The method of any of clauses 1-32, wherein information of a set of luma samples is to be used in a chroma coding scheme for coding a chroma component of a video unit, and the chroma coding scheme is allowed to be applied on the current video unit in accordance with that at least one of the following conditions is met: the first partitioning scheme is non-split; the second partitioning scheme is non-split; the first partitioning scheme is non-split, and the second partitioning scheme is non-split; the first partitioning scheme is non-split, and the second partitioning scheme is QT split; the first partitioning scheme is non-split, and the second partitioning scheme is horizontal BT split; the first partitioning scheme is non-split, the second partitioning scheme is horizontal BT split, and a partitioning scheme for an above chroma block obtained through the horizontal BT split is non-split or vertical BT split; the first partitioning scheme is non-split, the second partitioning scheme is horizontal BT split, and a partitioning scheme for a bottom chroma block obtained through the horizontal BT split is non-split or vertical BT split; the first partitioning scheme is QT split, and the second partitioning scheme is QT split; the first partitioning scheme is QT split, and the second partitioning scheme is QT split; the first partitioning scheme is QT split, and the second partitioning scheme is horizontal BT split; the first partitioning scheme is QT split, the second partitioning scheme is horizontal BT split, and a partitioning scheme for an above chroma block obtained through the horizontal BT split is non-split or vertical BT split; or the first partitioning scheme is QT split, the second partitioning scheme is horizontal BT split, and a partitioning scheme for a bottom chroma block obtained through the horizontal BT split is non-split or vertical BT split.
[0201] Clause 34. The method of any of clauses 26-33, wherein the chroma coding scheme comprises at least one of the following: a CCP-based mode, a decoder side intra mode derivation (DIMD) chroma mode, a direct block vector (DBV) mode, intra derived mode (DM) , an intra template matching prediction (IntraTMP) mode, a template-based intra mode derivation (TIMD) chroma mode, an IBC chroma mode, a template-based multiple reference line (TMRL) chroma mode, a multiple reference line (MRL) chroma mode.
[0202] Clause 35. The method of clause 34, wherein the CCP-based mode comprises at least one of the following: a cross-component linear model (CCLM) mode, a convolutional cross-component model (CCCM) mode, a linear mode (LM) , a cross-component residual model (CCRM) mode, a multi-model linear model (MMLM) mode, a gradient linear model (GLM) , a non-downsampled convolutional cross-component model (NS-CCCM) , a multiple downsample filter based convolutional cross-component model (MDF-CCCM) , a gradient and location based convolutional cross-component model (GL-CCCM) , a block-vector guided convolutional cross-component model (BVG-CCCM) , a convolutional cross-component model for inter block (inter CCCM) , a local-boosting cross-component prediction (LBCCP) , an inter CCP merge mode, an intra CCP merge mode, or a CCP fusion mode.
[0203] Clause 36. The method of any of clauses 1-35, wherein the method is allowed to be applied to a video unit coded with at least one of the following: an intra mode, a cross-component based mode, an inter mode, an intra block copy (IBC) based mode, a palette mode, or a blending-based mode.
[0204] Clause 37. The method of clause 36, wherein the intra mode comprises at least one of the following: an extrapolation filter-based intra prediction (EIP) mode, an EIP merge mode, an intra template matching prediction (IntraTMP) mode, a direct block vector (DBV) mode, a decoder side intra mode derivation (DIMD) mode, a DIMD merge mode, an occurrence based intra coding (OBIC) mode, a template-based intra mode derivation (TIMD) mode, a matrix-based position dependent intra prediction (PDP) mode, an intra merge mode, a multiple reference line (MRL) mode, a template-based multiple reference line (TMRL) mode, an extended multiple reference line (EMRL) mode, an intra luma fusion mode, an intra chroma fusion mode, a spatial geometric partitioning mode (SGPM) , an intra block copy (IBC) , a fractional block vector (BV) , a bidirectional IBC (bi-IBC) mode, or a position dependent intra prediction combination (PDPC) mode, or wherein the cross-component based mode comprises at least one of the following: a linear model (LM) mode, a cross-component prediction (CCP) mode, a cross-component linear model (CCLM) mode, a multi-model linear model (MMLM) mode, a convolutional cross-component model (CCCM) mode, a gradient linear model (GLM) mode, a non-downsampled convolutional cross-component model (NS-CCCM) , a multiple downsample filter based convolutional cross-component model (MDF-CCCM) mode, a gradient and location based convolutional cross-component model (GL-CCCM) , a block-vector guided convolutional cross-component model (BVG-CCCM) , a convolutional cross-component model for inter block (inter CCCM) mode, a cross-component residual model (CCRM) mode, a local boosting cross-component prediction (LBCCP) mode, an inter CCP merge mode, an intra CCP merge mode, or a CCP fusion mode, or wherein the inter mode comprises at least one of the following: an inter merge mode, an inter advanced motion vector prediction (AMVP) mode, an AMVP-merge mode, an affine mode, a subblock-based temporal motion vector prediction (SbTMVP) mode, a subblock merge mode, a pixel affine mode, a decoder side motion vector refinement (DMVR) , a bi-directional optical flow (BDOF) mode, a geometric partitioning mode (GPM) mode, a GPM with merge mode with motion vector difference (GPM-MMVD) mode, a GPM with template matching (GPM-TM) mode, a GPM inter-intra mode, a combined inter and intra prediction (CIIP) mode, a CIIP-PDPC mode, a CIIP-TM mode, a CIIP-TIMD mode, a CIIP with subblock based motion compensation mode, a MMVD mode, an affine MMVD mode, a multi-hypothesis prediction (MHP) , an overlap subblock based motion compensation (OBMC) , a TM-OBMC, a local illumination compensation (LIC) , or a bidirectional LIC (bi-LIC mode) , or wherein the IBC-based mode comprises at least one of the following: an IBC merge mode, an IBC AMVP mode, a reconstruction-reordered IBC (RR-IBC) mode, an IBC merge mode with block vector differences (IBC-MBVD) mode, a combined intra block copy and intra prediction (IBC-CIIP) mode, an IBC with geometric partitioning mode (IBC-GPM) mode, an IBC with local illumination compensation (IBC-LIC) mode, a filter IBC mode, or an IBC with template matching (IBC-TM) mode, or wherein the blending-based mode comprises at least one of the following: an intra and inter blending mode, an intra and intra blending mode, an inter and inter blending mode, a CCP and intra blending mode, a CCP and inter blending mode, a CCP and IBC blending mode, a CCP and CCP blending mode, an intra and IBC blending mode, an inter and IBC blending mode, or an IBC and IBC blending mode.
[0205] Clause 38. The method of clause 37, wherein the intra and inter blending mode comprises at least one of the following: a CIIP-intra-inter mode, a CIIP-PDPC-InterMerge mode, a CIIP-TIMD-TMmerge mode, a CIIP-intra-affine mode, a CIIP-intra-SbTMVP mode, or a GPM-intra-inter mode, or wherein the intra and intra blending mode comprises at least one of the following: an intraTMP fusion mode, a DIMD fusion mode, a TIMD fusion mode, an intra luma fusion mode, an intra chroma fusion mode, or an SGPM intra-intra mode, or wherein the inter and inter blending mode comprises at least one of the following: a bi-predictive inter mode, a BCW mode, a GPM-inter-inter mode, or an MHP mode, or wherein the CCP and intra blending mode comprises at least one of the following: an intra CCCM fusion mode blending an intra prediction and a CCP prediction, or an intra chroma fusion blending an intra prediction and a CCP prediction, or wherein the CCP and inter blending mode comprises at least one of the following: an inter CCCM blending an inter prediction and a CCP prediction, or an inter CCCM merge blending an inter prediction and a CCP prediction, or wherein the CCP and CCP blending mode comprises an intra CCCM fusion blending more than one CCP prediction, or wherein the intra and IBC blending mode comprises at least one of the following: a CIIP-intra-IBC mode, a GPM-intra-IBC mode, an SGPM intra-IBC mode, or wherein the inter and IBC blending mode comprises at least one of the following: a CIIP-IBC-inter mode or a GPM-IBC-inter mode, or wherein the IBC and IBC blending mode comprises at least one of the following: a bi-IBC mode, or a GPM-IBC-IBC mode.
[0206] Clause 39. The method of any of clauses 1-38, wherein the method is applied for at least one of the following: a single tree partition, a dual tree partition, a chroma coding, a luma coding, an inter block coding, an intra block coding, an IBC coding, an intra slice, or an inter slice.
[0207] Clause 40. The method of any of clauses 1-39, wherein whether to and / or how to apply the method is indicated at one of the following: a sequence level, a group of pictures level, a picture level, a slice level, or a tile group level.
[0208] Clause 41. The method of any of clauses 1-40, wherein whether to and / or how to apply the method is indicated in one of the following: a sequence header, a picture header, a sequence parameter set (SPS) , a video parameter set (VPS) , a decoding parameter set (DPS) , a decoding capability information (DCI) , a picture parameter set (PPS) , an adaptation parameter sets (APS) , a slice header, or a tile group header.
[0209] Clause 42. The method of any of clauses 1-39, wherein whether to and / or how to apply the method is indicated at a region containing more than one sample or pixel.
[0210] Clause 43. The method of clause 42, wherein the region comprises at least one of the following: a prediction block (PB) , a transform block (TB) , a coding block (CB) , a prediction unit (PU) , a transform unit (TU) , a video unit (CU) , a virtual pipeline data unit (VPDU) , a coding tree unit (CTU) , a CTU row, a slice, a tile, or a sub-picture.
[0211] Clause 44. The method of any of clauses 1-39, wherein whether to and / or how to apply the method is dependent on coded information.
[0212] Clause 45. The method of clause 44, wherein the coded information comprises at least one of the following: a block size, a color format, a single tree partitioning, a dual tree partitioning, a color component, a slice type, or a picture type.
[0213] Clause 46. The method of any of clauses 1-45, wherein the conversion includes encoding the inter slice into the bitstream.
[0214] Clause 47. The method of any of clauses 1-45, wherein the conversion includes decoding the inter slice from the bitstream.
[0215] Clause 48. An apparatus for video processing comprising a processor and a non-transitory memory with instructions thereon, wherein the instructions upon execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform a method in accordance with any of clauses 1-47.
[0216] Clause 49. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that cause a processor to perform a method in accordance with any of clauses 1-47.
[0217] Clause 50. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a bitstream of a video which is generated by a method performed by an apparatus for video processing, wherein the method comprises: determining a first partitioning scheme for a luma component of a current video unit within an inter slice of the video and a second partitioning scheme for a chroma component of the current video unit, the first partitioning scheme being allowed to be different from the second partitioning scheme; and generating the bitstream based on the first partitioning scheme and the second partitioning scheme.
[0218] Clause 51. A method for storing a bitstream of a video, comprising: determining a first partitioning scheme for a luma component of a current video unit within an inter slice of the video and a second partitioning scheme for a chroma component of the current video unit, the first partitioning scheme being allowed to be different from the second partitioning scheme; generating the bitstream based on the first partitioning scheme and the second partitioning scheme; and storing the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium. Example Device
[0219] Fig. 53 illustrates a block diagram of a computing device 5300 in which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The computing device 5300 may be implemented as or included in the source device 110 (or the video encoder 114 or 200) or the destination device 120 (or the video decoder 124 or 300) .
[0220] It would be appreciated that the computing device 5300 shown in Fig. 53 is merely for purpose of illustration, without suggesting any limitation to the functions and scopes of the embodiments of the present disclosure in any manner.
[0221] As shown in Fig. 53, the computing device 5300 includes a general-purpose computing device 5300. The computing device 5300 may at least comprise one or more processors or processing units 5310, a memory 5320, a storage unit 5330, one or more communication units 5340, one or more input devices 5350, and one or more output devices 5360.
[0222] In some embodiments, the computing device 5300 may be implemented as any user terminal or server terminal having the computing capability. The server terminal may be a server, a large-scale computing device or the like that is provided by a service provider. The user terminal may for example be any type of mobile terminal, fixed terminal, or portable terminal, including a mobile phone, station, unit, device, multimedia computer, multimedia tablet, Internet node, communicator, desktop computer, laptop computer, notebook computer, netbook computer, tablet computer, personal communication system (PCS) device, personal navigation device, personal digital assistant (PDA) , audio / video player, digital camera / video camera, positioning device, television receiver, radio broadcast receiver, E-book device, gaming device, or any combination thereof, including the accessories and peripherals of these devices, or any combination thereof. It would be contemplated that the computing device 5300 can support any type of interface to a user (such as “wearable” circuitry and the like) .
[0223] The processing unit 5310 may be a physical or virtual processor and can implement various processes based on programs stored in the memory 5320. In a multi-processor system, multiple processing units execute computer executable instructions in parallel so as to improve the parallel processing capability of the computing device 5300. The processing unit 5310 may also be referred to as a central processing unit (CPU) , a microprocessor, a controller or a microcontroller.
[0224] The computing device 5300 typically includes various computer storage medium. Such medium can be any medium accessible by the computing device 5300, including, but not limited to, volatile and non-volatile medium, or detachable and non-detachable medium. The memory 5320 can be a volatile memory (for example, a register, cache, Random Access Memory (RAM) ) , a non-volatile memory (such as a Read-Only Memory (ROM) , Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) , or a flash memory) , or any combination thereof. The storage unit 5330 may be any detachable or non-detachable medium and may include a machine-readable medium such as a memory, flash memory drive, magnetic disk or another other media, which can be used for storing information and / or data and can be accessed in the computing device 5300.
[0225] The computing device 5300 may further include additional detachable / non-detachable, volatile / non-volatile memory medium. Although not shown in Fig. 53, it is possible to provide a magnetic disk drive for reading from and / or writing into a detachable and non-volatile magnetic disk and an optical disk drive for reading from and / or writing into a detachable non-volatile optical disk. In such cases, each drive may be connected to a bus (not shown) via one or more data medium interfaces.
[0226] The communication unit 5340 communicates with a further computing device via the communication medium. In addition, the functions of the components in the computing device 5300 can be implemented by a single computing cluster or multiple computing machines that can communicate via communication connections. Therefore, the computing device 5300 can operate in a networked environment using a logical connection with one or more other servers, networked personal computers (PCs) or further general network nodes.
[0227] The input device 5350 may be one or more of a variety of input devices, such as a mouse, keyboard, tracking ball, voice-input device, and the like. The output device 5360 may be one or more of a variety of output devices, such as a display, loudspeaker, printer, and the like. By means of the communication unit 5340, the computing device 5300 can further communicate with one or more external devices (not shown) such as the storage devices and display device, with one or more devices enabling the user to interact with the computing device 5300, or any devices (such as a network card, a modem and the like) enabling the computing device 5300 to communicate with one or more other computing devices, if required. Such communication can be performed via input / output (I / O) interfaces (not shown) .
[0228] In some embodiments, instead of being integrated in a single device, some or all components of the computing device 5300 may also be arranged in cloud computing architecture. In the cloud computing architecture, the components may be provided remotely and work together to implement the functionalities described in the present disclosure. In some embodiments, cloud computing provides computing, software, data access and storage service, which will not require end users to be aware of the physical locations or configurations of the systems or hardware providing these services. In various embodiments, the cloud computing provides the services via a wide area network (such as Internet) using suitable protocols. For example, a cloud computing provider provides applications over the wide area network, which can be accessed through a web browser or any other computing components. The software or components of the cloud computing architecture and corresponding data may be stored on a server at a remote position. The computing resources in the cloud computing environment may be merged or distributed at locations in a remote data center. Cloud computing infrastructures may provide the services through a shared data center, though they behave as a single access point for the users. Therefore, the cloud computing architectures may be used to provide the components and functionalities described herein from a service provider at a remote location. Alternatively, they may be provided from a conventional server or installed directly or otherwise on a client device.
[0229] The computing device 5300 may be used to implement video encoding / decoding in embodiments of the present disclosure. The memory 5320 may include one or more video coding modules 5325 having one or more program instructions. These modules are accessible and executable by the processing unit 5310 to perform the functionalities of the various embodiments described herein.
[0230] In the example embodiments of performing video encoding, the input device 5350 may receive video data as an input 5370 to be encoded. The video data may be processed, for example, by the video coding module 5325, to generate an encoded bitstream. The encoded bitstream may be provided via the output device 5360 as an output 5380.
[0231] In the example embodiments of performing video decoding, the input device 5350 may receive an encoded bitstream as the input 5370. The encoded bitstream may be processed, for example, by the video coding module 5325, to generate decoded video data. The decoded video data may be provided via the output device 5360 as the output 5380.
[0232] While this disclosure has been particularly shown and described with references to example embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application as defined by the appended claims. Such variations are intended to be covered by the scope of this present application. As such, the foregoing description of embodiments of the present application is not intended to be limiting.
Claims
1.A method for video processing, comprising:determining, for a conversion between an inter slice of a video and a bitstream of the video, a first partitioning scheme for a luma component of a current video unit within the inter slice and a second partitioning scheme for a chroma component of the current video unit, the first partitioning scheme being allowed to be different from the second partitioning scheme; andperforming the conversion based on the first partitioning scheme and the second partitioning scheme.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the inter slice is a predictive (P) slice or a bi-predictive (B) slice.3.The method of any of claims 1-2, wherein the first partitioning scheme and the second partitioning scheme are determined based on dual tree partition.4.The method of any of claims 1-3, wherein both the luma component and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with inter prediction, orboth the luma component and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with intra prediction, orboth the luma component and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with intra block copy (IBC) mode, orboth the luma component and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with palette mode, orthe luma component of the current video unit is coded with inter prediction, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with intra prediction, orthe luma component of the current video unit is coded with inter prediction, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with cross-component prediction (CCP) mode, orthe luma component of the current video unit is coded with inter prediction, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with IBC mode, orthe luma component of the current video unit is coded with inter prediction, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with palette mode, orthe luma component of the current video unit is coded with intra prediction, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with inter prediction, orthe luma component of the current video unit is coded with intra prediction, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with CCP mode, orthe luma component of the current video unit is coded with intra prediction, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with IBC mode, orthe luma component of the current video unit is coded with intra prediction, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with palette mode, orthe luma component of the current video unit is coded with IBC mode, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with inter prediction, orthe luma component of the current video unit is coded with IBC mode, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with intra prediction, orthe luma component of the current video unit is coded with IBC mode, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with CCP mode, orthe luma component of the current video unit is coded with IBC mode, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with palette mode, orthe luma component of the current video unit is coded with palette mode, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with inter prediction, orthe luma component of the current video unit is coded with palette mode, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with intra prediction, orthe luma component of the current video unit is coded with palette mode, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with CCP mode, orthe luma component of the current video unit is coded with palette mode, and the chroma component of the current video unit is coded with IBC mode.5.The method of any of claims 1-4, wherein the first partitioning scheme is different from the second partitioning scheme.6.The method of claim 5, wherein the first partitioning scheme is non-split, and the second partitioning scheme is quaternary tree (QT) split, orthe first partitioning scheme is non-split, and the second partitioning scheme is binary tree (BT) split, orthe first partitioning scheme is non-split, and the second partitioning scheme is ternary tree (TT) split, orthe first partitioning scheme is QT split, and the second partitioning scheme is non-split, orthe first partitioning scheme is QT split, and the second partitioning scheme is BT split, orthe first partitioning scheme is QT split, and the second partitioning scheme is TT split, orthe first partitioning scheme is BT split, and the second partitioning scheme is non-split, orthe first partitioning scheme is BT split, and the second partitioning scheme is QT split, orthe first partitioning scheme is BT split, and the second partitioning scheme is TT split, orthe first partitioning scheme is TT split, and the second partitioning scheme is non-split, orthe first partitioning scheme is TT split, and the second partitioning scheme is QT split, orthe first partitioning scheme is TT split, and the second partitioning scheme is BT split.7.The method of any of claims 1-6, wherein whether the first partitioning scheme is allowed to be different from the second partitioning scheme is indicated in the bitstream or predetermined.8.The method of any of claims 1-7, wherein first information regarding whether to apply dual tree partition on the current video unit is indicated in the bitstream.9.The method of claim 8, wherein the first indication is indicated at one of the following levels: a picture level, a slice level, a coding tree unit (CTU) level, a block level, a sequence parameter set (SPS) level, a picture parameter set (PPS) level, a picture header (PH) level, a slice header (SH) level, or a virtual pipeline data unit (VPDU) level.10.The method of any of claims 1-7, wherein first information regarding whether to apply dual tree partition on the current video unit is predetermined.11.The method of any of claims 1-10, wherein at least one of the following is allowed for a first video unit of the video regardless of a size of the first video unit:a partitioning scheme for a luma component of the first video unit is different from a partitioning scheme for a chroma component of the first video unit, orapplying dual tree partition on the first video unit.12.The method of any of claims 1-11, wherein whether at least one of the following is allowed for a first video unit of the video is dependent on a type of a first slice comprising the first video unit:a partitioning scheme for a luma component of the first video unit is different from a partitioning scheme for a chroma component of the first video unit, orapplying dual tree partition on the first video unit.13.The method of claim 12, wherein in accordance with that the type of the first slice is inter slice, the partitioning scheme for the luma component of the first video unit is allowed to be different from the partitioning scheme for the chroma component of the first video unit, and / or the dual tree partition is allowed to be applied on the first video unit.14.The method of any of claims 12-13, wherein in accordance with that the type of the first slice is intra slice, the partitioning scheme for the luma component of the first video unit is allowed to be different from the partitioning scheme for the chroma component of the first video unit, and / or the dual tree partition is allowed to be applied on the first video unit.15.The method of any of claims 1-14, wherein in accordance with that a size of a first video unit of the video is less than a size threshold, a partitioning scheme for a luma component of the first video unit is allowed to be different from a partitioning scheme for a chroma component of the first video unit, and / or a dual tree partition is allowed to be applied on the first video unit.16.The method of claim 15, wherein the first video unit is comprised in an inter slice, orwherein the first video unit is comprised in an intra slice.17.The method of any of claims 15-16, wherein the size threshold is dependent on a VPDU size.18.The method of claim 17, wherein the size threshold is equal to a VPDU size.19.The method of any of claims 15-18, wherein the first video unit corresponds to a node of a coding tree for partitioning a coding tree unit (CTU) of the video.20.The method of claim 19, wherein the node corresponding to the first video unit is a child node of the coding tree, and a video unit corresponds to a parent node of the child node is partitioned based on a single tree partition.21.The method of any of claims 15-16, wherein the size threshold is M×N, M represents a width and is an integer, and N represents a height and is an integer.22.The method of claim 21, wherein each of M and N is equal to 64, or each of M and N is equal to 32.23.The method of any of claims 1-22, wherein a CTU of the video is partitioned recursively based on single tree partition until a video unit obtained through the partition reaches a VPDU size, and the video unit is allowed to be further partitioned based on dual tree partition.24.The method of any of claims 1-23, wherein in accordance with that the first partitioning scheme is allowed to be different from the second partitioning scheme or dual tree partition is allowed to be applied on the current video unit, at least one restriction for avoiding redundant partitioning at different partitioning levels is applied for the luma component and the chroma component of the current video unit.25.The method of claim 24, wherein the current video unit corresponds to a first node in a coding tree for partitioning a CTU, and the at least one restriction comprises at least one of the following:in accordance with that the current video unit is obtained by applying horizontal BT split on a video unit corresponding to a parent node of the first node, vertical BT split is disallowed to be applied on the current video unit, orin accordance with that the current video unit is obtained by applying vertical BT split on a video unit corresponding to a parent node of the first node, horizontal BT split is disallowed to be applied on the current video unit.26.The method of any of claims 1-25, wherein in accordance with that information of a set of luma samples is to be used in a chroma coding scheme for coding the chroma component of the current video unit, the set of luma samples is restricted to be outside a target region of a picture comprising the current video unit.27.The method of claim 26, wherein the target region comprises one of the following:a VPDU comprising the current video unit,a 64×64 block comprising the current video unit, ora 32×32 block comprising the current video unit.28.The method of any of claims 1-27, wherein in accordance with that information of a set of luma samples is to be used in a chroma coding scheme for coding the chroma component of the current video unit, the set of luma samples is restricted to be within a single tree partition region.29.The method of claim 28, wherein the current video unit corresponds to a first node in a coding tree for partitioning a CTU, the current video unit is partitioned based on dual tree partition and a parent video unit corresponding to a parent node of the first node is partitioned based on single tree partition, and the set of luma samples is restricted to be within the parent video unit but outside the current video unit.30.The method of any of claims 1-29, wherein information of a set of luma samples is to be used in a chroma coding scheme for coding a chroma component of a video unit, and whether to enable the chroma coding scheme for the current video unit is dependent on a partitioning information associated with the current video unit.31.The method of claim 30, wherein the partitioning information associated with the current video unit comprises one of the following:partitioning information of the current video unit,partitioning information of a video unit corresponding to an ancestor of a coding tree node corresponding to the current video unit,partitioning information of a video unit corresponding to a root node of a coding tree node corresponding to the current video unit, orpartitioning information of a VPDU comprising the current video unit.32.The method of any of claims 1-31, wherein information of a set of luma samples is to be used in a chroma coding scheme for coding a chroma component of a video unit, andin accordance with that a size of the current video unit is greater than a predetermined size, the chroma coding scheme is allowed to be applied on the current video unit, orin accordance with that a size of the current video unit is smaller than the predetermined size, the chroma coding scheme is disallowed to be applied on the current video unit, orin accordance with that a size of the current video unit is smaller than the predetermined size, the chroma coding scheme is allowed to be applied on the current video unit with at least one at least one restriction.33.The method of any of claims 1-32, wherein information of a set of luma samples is to be used in a chroma coding scheme for coding a chroma component of a video unit, and the chroma coding scheme is allowed to be applied on the current video unit in accordance with that at least one of the following conditions is met:the first partitioning scheme is non-split;the second partitioning scheme is non-split;the first partitioning scheme is non-split, and the second partitioning scheme is non-split;the first partitioning scheme is non-split, and the second partitioning scheme is QT split;the first partitioning scheme is non-split, and the second partitioning scheme is horizontal BT split;the first partitioning scheme is non-split, the second partitioning scheme is horizontal BT split, and a partitioning scheme for an above chroma block obtained through the horizontal BT split is non-split or vertical BT split;the first partitioning scheme is non-split, the second partitioning scheme is horizontal BT split, and a partitioning scheme for a bottom chroma block obtained through the horizontal BT split is non-split or vertical BT split;the first partitioning scheme is QT split, and the second partitioning scheme is QT split;the first partitioning scheme is QT split, and the second partitioning scheme is QT split;the first partitioning scheme is QT split, and the second partitioning scheme is horizontal BT split;the first partitioning scheme is QT split, the second partitioning scheme is horizontal BT split, and a partitioning scheme for an above chroma block obtained through the horizontal BT split is non-split or vertical BT split; orthe first partitioning scheme is QT split, the second partitioning scheme is horizontal BT split, and a partitioning scheme for a bottom chroma block obtained through the horizontal BT split is non-split or vertical BT split.34.The method of any of claims 26-33, wherein the chroma coding scheme comprises at least one of the following: a CCP-based mode, a decoder side intra mode derivation (DIMD) chroma mode, a direct block vector (DBV) mode, intra derived mode (DM) , an intra template matching prediction (IntraTMP) mode, a template-based intra mode derivation (TIMD) chroma mode, an IBC chroma mode, a template-based multiple reference line (TMRL) chroma mode, a multiple reference line (MRL) chroma mode.35.The method of claim 34, wherein the CCP-based mode comprises at least one of the following: a cross-component linear model (CCLM) mode, a convolutional cross-component model (CCCM) mode, a linear mode (LM) , a cross-component residual model (CCRM) mode, a multi-model linear model (MMLM) mode, a gradient linear model (GLM) , a non-downsampled convolutional cross-component model (NS-CCCM) , a multiple downsample filter based convolutional cross-component model (MDF-CCCM) , a gradient and location based convolutional cross-component model (GL-CCCM) , a block-vector guided convolutional cross-component model (BVG-CCCM) , a convolutional cross-component model for inter block (inter CCCM) , a local-boosting cross-component prediction (LBCCP) , an inter CCP merge mode, an intra CCP merge mode, or a CCP fusion mode.36.The method of any of claims 1-35, wherein the method is allowed to be applied to a video unit coded with at least one of the following: an intra mode, a cross-component based mode, an inter mode, an intra block copy (IBC) based mode, a palette mode, or a blending-based mode.37.The method of claim 36, wherein the intra mode comprises at least one of the following: an extrapolation filter-based intra prediction (EIP) mode, an EIP merge mode, an intra template matching prediction (IntraTMP) mode, a direct block vector (DBV) mode, a decoder side intra mode derivation (DIMD) mode, a DIMD merge mode, an occurrence based intra coding (OBIC) mode, a template-based intra mode derivation (TIMD) mode, a matrix-based position dependent intra prediction (PDP) mode, an intra merge mode, a multiple reference line (MRL) mode, a template-based multiple reference line (TMRL) mode, an extended multiple reference line (EMRL) mode, an intra luma fusion mode, an intra chroma fusion mode, a spatial geometric partitioning mode (SGPM) , an intra block copy (IBC) , a fractional block vector (BV) , a bidirectional IBC (bi-IBC) mode, or a position dependent intra prediction combination (PDPC) mode, orwherein the cross-component based mode comprises at least one of the following: a linear model (LM) mode, a cross-component prediction (CCP) mode, a cross-component linear model (CCLM) mode, a multi-model linear model (MMLM) mode, a convolutional cross-component model (CCCM) mode, a gradient linear model (GLM) mode, a non-downsampled convolutional cross-component model (NS-CCCM) , a multiple downsample filter based convolutional cross-component model (MDF-CCCM) mode, a gradient and location based convolutional cross-component model (GL-CCCM) , a block-vector guided convolutional cross-component model (BVG-CCCM) , a convolutional cross-component model for inter block (inter CCCM) mode, a cross-component residual model (CCRM) mode, a local boosting cross-component prediction (LBCCP) mode, an inter CCP merge mode, an intra CCP merge mode, or a CCP fusion mode, orwherein the inter mode comprises at least one of the following: an inter merge mode, an inter advanced motion vector prediction (AMVP) mode, an AMVP-merge mode, an affine mode, a subblock-based temporal motion vector prediction (SbTMVP) mode, a subblock merge mode, a pixel affine mode, a decoder side motion vector refinement (DMVR) , a bi-directional optical flow (BDOF) mode, a geometric partitioning mode (GPM) mode, a GPM with merge mode with motion vector difference (GPM-MMVD) mode, a GPM with template matching (GPM-TM) mode, a GPM inter-intra mode, a combined inter and intra prediction (CIIP) mode, a CIIP-PDPC mode, a CIIP-TM mode, a CIIP-TIMD mode, a CIIP with subblock based motion compensation mode, a MMVD mode, an affine MMVD mode, a multi-hypothesis prediction (MHP) , an overlap subblock based motion compensation (OBMC) , a TM-OBMC, a local illumination compensation (LIC) , or a bidirectional LIC (bi-LIC mode) , orwherein the IBC-based mode comprises at least one of the following: an IBC merge mode, an IBC AMVP mode, a reconstruction-reordered IBC (RR-IBC) mode, an IBC merge mode with block vector differences (IBC-MBVD) mode, a combined intra block copy and intra prediction (IBC-CIIP) mode, an IBC with geometric partitioning mode (IBC-GPM) mode, an IBC with local illumination compensation (IBC-LIC) mode, a filter IBC mode, or an IBC with template matching (IBC-TM) mode, orwherein the blending-based mode comprises at least one of the following: an intra and inter blending mode, an intra and intra blending mode, an inter and inter blending mode, a CCP and intra blending mode, a CCP and inter blending mode, a CCP and IBC blending mode, a CCP and CCP blending mode, an intra and IBC blending mode, an inter and IBC blending mode, or an IBC and IBC blending mode.38.The method of claim 37, wherein the intra and inter blending mode comprises at least one of the following: a CIIP-intra-inter mode, a CIIP-PDPC-InterMerge mode, a CIIP-TIMD-TMmerge mode, a CIIP-intra-affine mode, a CIIP-intra-SbTMVP mode, or a GPM-intra-inter mode, orwherein the intra and intra blending mode comprises at least one of the following: an intraTMP fusion mode, a DIMD fusion mode, a TIMD fusion mode, an intra luma fusion mode, an intra chroma fusion mode, or an SGPM intra-intra mode, orwherein the inter and inter blending mode comprises at least one of the following: a bi-predictive inter mode, a BCW mode, a GPM-inter-inter mode, or an MHP mode, orwherein the CCP and intra blending mode comprises at least one of the following: an intra CCCM fusion mode blending an intra prediction and a CCP prediction, or an intra chroma fusion blending an intra prediction and a CCP prediction, orwherein the CCP and inter blending mode comprises at least one of the following: an inter CCCM blending an inter prediction and a CCP prediction, or an inter CCCM merge blending an inter prediction and a CCP prediction, orwherein the CCP and CCP blending mode comprises an intra CCCM fusion blending more than one CCP prediction, orwherein the intra and IBC blending mode comprises at least one of the following: a CIIP-intra-IBC mode, a GPM-intra-IBC mode, an SGPM intra-IBC mode, orwherein the inter and IBC blending mode comprises at least one of the following: a CIIP-IBC-inter mode or a GPM-IBC-inter mode, orwherein the IBC and IBC blending mode comprises at least one of the following: a bi-IBC mode, or a GPM-IBC-IBC mode.39.The method of any of claims 1-38, wherein the method is applied for at least one of the following: a single tree partition, a dual tree partition, a chroma coding, a luma coding, an inter block coding, an intra block coding, an IBC coding, an intra slice, or an inter slice.40.The method of any of claims 1-39, wherein whether to and / or how to apply the method is indicated at one of the following:a sequence level,a group of pictures level,a picture level,a slice level, ora tile group level.41.The method of any of claims 1-40, wherein whether to and / or how to apply the method is indicated in one of the following:a sequence header,a picture header,a sequence parameter set (SPS) ,a video parameter set (VPS) ,a decoding parameter set (DPS) ,a decoding capability information (DCI) ,a picture parameter set (PPS) ,an adaptation parameter sets (APS) ,a slice header, ora tile group header.42.The method of any of claims 1-39, wherein whether to and / or how to apply the method is indicated at a region containing more than one sample or pixel.43.The method of claim 42, wherein the region comprises at least one of the following:a prediction block (PB) ,a transform block (TB) ,a coding block (CB) ,a prediction unit (PU) ,a transform unit (TU) ,a video unit (CU) ,a virtual pipeline data unit (VPDU) ,a coding tree unit (CTU) ,a CTU row,a slice,a tile, ora sub-picture.44.The method of any of claims 1-39, wherein whether to and / or how to apply the method is dependent on coded information.45.The method of claim 44, wherein the coded information comprises at least one of the following:a block size,a color format,a single tree partitioning,a dual tree partitioning,a color component,a slice type, ora picture type.46.The method of any of claims 1-45, wherein the conversion includes encoding the inter slice into the bitstream.47.The method of any of claims 1-45, wherein the conversion includes decoding the inter slice from the bitstream.48.An apparatus for video processing comprising a processor and a non-transitory memory with instructions thereon, wherein the instructions upon execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform a method in accordance with any of claims 1-47.49.A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that cause a processor to perform a method in accordance with any of claims 1-47.50.A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a bitstream of a video which is generated by a method performed by an apparatus for video processing, wherein the method comprises:determining a first partitioning scheme for a luma component of a current video unit within an inter slice of the video and a second partitioning scheme for a chroma component of the current video unit, the first partitioning scheme being allowed to be different from the second partitioning scheme; andgenerating the bitstream based on the first partitioning scheme and the second partitioning scheme.51.A method for storing a bitstream of a video, comprising:determining a first partitioning scheme for a luma component of a current video unit within an inter slice of the video and a second partitioning scheme for a chroma component of the current video unit, the first partitioning scheme being allowed to be different from the second partitioning scheme;generating the bitstream based on the first partitioning scheme and the second partitioning scheme; andstoring the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium.
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