A method and devices for performing NAS procedures with non-terrestrial networks
The method addresses the challenge of interrupted NAS procedures by storing and skipping redundant steps in non-terrestrial networks, ensuring efficient re-attempts of NAS procedures like Attach or Tracking Area Update, enhancing network stability and reducing energy consumption.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/111253
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing communication networks struggle with maintaining continuous access for user equipments (UEs) transitioning between terrestrial and satellite networks, particularly due to network outages and overload situations, leading to interrupted NAS procedures that require redundant setup and rejection.
A method is proposed to store NAS procedure information during a first attempt and skip redundant identity and authentication procedures during a second attempt, using a store and forward architecture to expedite the completion of NAS procedures like Attach or Tracking Area Update by indicating a re-attempt with a cause value or Resume ID.
This approach ensures successful re-attempt of NAS procedures by avoiding rejection and redundant steps, enhancing efficiency and reducing energy consumption in non-terrestrial networks.
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Figure CN2024111253_12022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
A METHOD AND DEVICES FOR PERFORMING NAS PROCEDURES WITH NON-TERRESTRIAL NETWORKSFIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention relates to methods and devices for improving the stability of NAS procedure requests over Non-Terrestrial Networks which support Store and Forward architectures.BACKGROUND
[0002] Terrestrial networks may not always be available. This may be due to either economic rationales, such as where the revenue does not meet the minimum threshold for profitability, or disasters such as earthquakes or floods, which may lead to a temporary outage or total destruction of the terrestrial network infrastructures that then need to be restored.
[0003] A number of potential users may wish to access a communication network providing services in these “un-served” or “underserved” areas by terrestrial networks. However, they will be prevented from doing so unless satellite access networks can provide such a service.
[0004] Example situations where it would be desirable to maintain or re-establish a connection to a communication network may include an Internet of Things, IoT, network. The IoT network may be used for Agriculture, Critical Infrastructures Metering &Control such as pipelines, and Asset Tracking / Tracing. Another example may be emergency networks for public safety and associated situations.
[0005] Furthermore, the deployment of terrestrial networks is often driven by the coverage of population centres rather than by the coverage of geographical areas. This can lead to some geographical areas where it is not possible to access the communication network services through the radio coverage of a terrestrial network.
[0006] In such cases, user equipments, UEs, whether associated with pedestrian users, or embarked on moving land mobile terrestrial platforms (e.g. a car, a coach, a truck, a train) , airborne platforms (e.g. a commercial or a private jet) or maritime platforms (e.g. a maritime vessel) can experience conditions where communications network services cannot be offered continuously by a single or a combination of terrestrial networks.
[0007] Hence there is a need for users to be provided continuous access to services granted by the communication network system, whilst moving between terrestrial and satellite networks. A smart phone may have all the necessary technical components to use the terrestrial networks or the satellite networks. However, the transition between the two is not always supported, timely, or energy efficient.
[0008] In many situations, when a network is no longer available, an attempted procedure may be interrupted before being completed. To perform a second round of the procedure, the UE will need to setup a new connection. However, the network may reject the connection due to an overload situation. This is because the network may treat the UE requesting the connection as any other UE requesting a new connection for any other procedure, such as a voice call for example. There is no appreciation that the UE’s initial request preceded a new request by any other UE.
[0009] Specifically, to perform a second round Attach procedure, the UE would need to set up a new RRC Connection. If the network rejects the RRC Connection due to an overload situation, there is no way to expedite the unfinished NAS procedure for the second attempt.
[0010] It is desirable to develop a method for prioritising a second attempt of a NAS procedure, an RRC Connection attach request or Tracking Area Update, TAU, such that a previously accepted but interrupted request can be continued. This may include methods for preventing rejection and increasing the efficiency of the second attempt.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0011] According to one aspect there is provided a method for continuing a Non Access Stratum, NAS, procedure between a user equipment, UE, (108) and a Non-Terrestrial Network, NTN, wherein the procedure having been previously interrupted, and the method comprising: storing (612) , during a first NAS procedure, NAS procedure information comprising an indication of the attempted NAS procedure and any identity and authentication procedures performed; and skipping (616) , during a second NAS procedure, the previously performed identity and authentication procedures based on the stored NAS procedure information. In an embodiment, the NAS procedure comprises an Attach procedure or a Tracking Area Update, TAU, procedure.
[0012] In an embodiment, the procedure had been previously interrupted prior to the step of storing.
[0013] In an embodiment, the method may comprise: transmitting, as part of a Downlink NAS transport message from a Mobility Management Entity, MME, of the NTN to a Radio Access Network RAN node of the NTN after the first NAS procedure fails, an indication of an incomplete NAS procedure to the RAN node of the NTN; and in response to the indication, suspending an RRC Connection for the UE.
[0014] In an embodiment, the method may comprise: receiving at a Radio Access Network, RAN, node of the NTN an indication from a Mobility Management Entity, MME, Non-Terrestrial, NT, that the feeder link has been lost; and in response to the indication, suspending an RRC Connection for the UE and placing the UE in an RRC idle state.
[0015] In an embodiment, the NAS procedure information may comprise UE context information and the method comprises transferring UE context information from the initial MME to another MME when the UE begins the second NAS procedure at the another MME.
[0016] In an embodiment, the method may comprise: triggering the UE to: receive, at the UE’s NAS layer, a NAS procedure reject message including indication to re-attempt; register an unfinished NAS procedure at the NAS layer; start a wait timer provided in the reject message; generate a cause value to continue NAS signalling to re-attempt NAS procedure; start upon expiration of the wait timer, a second attach request; send a cause value from the NAS layer to an RRC layer of the UE; skip, in response to receiving the cause value at the RRC layer of the UE, one or more access class barring procedures or performing an access class barring procedure based on new baring factors or a new bar time associated with and broadcast by the RAN node; and transmit, by the RRC layer to the RAN node of the NTN, an RRC connection request message including the cause value as an establishment cause indicating the re-attempt of the NAS procedure; and the method may further comprise accepting, by the RAN node of the NTN, the second attach request in response to acknowledging it as a re-attempt based on the received cause value.
[0017] In an embodiment, the method may comprise: including, after the first attach request is rejected, an indication of incomplete NAS procedure in a downlink NAS transfer message from the MME to the RAN node of the NTN; storing in UE context information by the RAN node of the NTN an indication of an attempted NAS procedure in response to receiving the indication of incomplete NAS procedure and providing the UE with a Resume Identification, ID.
[0018] In an embodiment, the method may comprise: triggering the UE to: receive, at the UE’s NAS layer, a NAS procedure reject message including indication to re-attempt; register an unfinished NAS procedure at the NAS layer; start a wait timer provided in the reject message; generate a cause value to continue NAS signalling to re-attempt the NAS procedure; start upon expiration of the wait timer, a second NAS procedure; send the cause value from the NAS layer to an RRC layer of the UE; in response to receiving the cause value at the RRC layer of UE, skip an access class barring procedure or performing an access class barring procedure based on a new baring factor or a new bar time associated with and broadcast by the RAN node; and transmit, by the RRC layer to the RAN node of the NTN, an RRC resume request message including a resume ID; and the method may further comprise accepting, by the RAN node of the NTN, the second attach request in response to acknowledging it as a re-attempt based on the stored UE context information.
[0019] In an embodiment, the method may comprise receiving at the MME the NAS request message from the UE, the NAS request message including the cause value, reading by the MME the cause value, and in response acknowledging the second request as a re-attempt and skipping the previously performed identity and authentication procedures.
[0020] In an embodiment, the method may comprise receiving the NAS request message from the UE at the MME, and in response checking the UE context and acknowledging the second request as a re-attempt and skipping the previously performed identity and authentication procedures.
[0021] According to another aspect there is provided a user equipment, UE, for executing an attach procedure to a Non-Terrestrial Network, NTN, in cooperation with a store and forward architecture, the user equipment configured to: store at the UE, information comprising an indication of an attempted NAS procedure and any identity and authentication procedures performed at the NAS Layer.
[0022] In an embodiment, the UE may be configured to: receive, at a NAS layer, a NAS reject message including indication to re-attempt; register an unfinished NAS procedure;
[0023] start a wait timer provided in the NAS reject message; generate a cause value to continue NAS signalling to re-attempt NAS procedure; start, upon expiration of the wait timer, a second NAS procedure; send the cause value from the NAS layer to an RRC layer of the UE; in response to receiving the cause value, skip, by the RRC layer, one or more access class barring procedure or perform an access class barring procedure based on a new baring factor or a new bar time associated with and broadcast by the RAN node.
[0024] In an embodiment, the UE may be configured to: transmit, by the RRC layer to a RAN node of the NTN, an RRC connection request message including the cause value as an establishment cause.
[0025] In an embodiment, the UE may be configured to perform the operation of: transmitting, by the RRC layer to the RAN node of the NTN, an RRC resume request message including a resume ID provided to the UE by the RAN node of the NTN upon suspension of a previous RRC Connection attempt.
[0026] IN an embodiment, the UE may be configured to, as part of a NAS procedure: receive, at the UE’s NAS layer, a NAS procedure reject message including indication to re-attempt; register an unfinished NAS procedure at the NAS layer; start a wait timer provided in the reject message; generate a cause value to continue NAS signalling to re-attempt the NAS procedure; start upon expiration of the wait timer, a second NAS procedure; send the cause value from the NAS layer to an RRC layer of the UE; and
[0027] in response to receiving the cause value at the RRC layer of UE, skip an access class barring procedure or performing an access class barring procedure based on a new baring factor or a new bar time associated with and broadcast by the RAN node; and
[0028] transmit, by the RRC layer to the RAN node of the NTN, an RRC resume request message including a resume ID.
[0029] According to another aspect there is provided a Non-Terrestrial, NT, MME element for executing an attach procedure between a user equipment, UE, and a Non-Terrestrial Network, NTN, in cooperation with a store and forward architecture, the MME configured to: in response to a NAS procedure rejection due to store and forward network limitations, mark in UE context information stored at the MME an indication of an attempted NAS procedure by the UE and any identity and authentication procedures performed.
[0030] In an embodiment, the MME may be configured to include in a downlink NAS transport message an indication to a RAN node of the NTN of the incomplete NAS procedure.
[0031] In an embodiment, the MME or an MME-NT component may be configured to send an indication to a RAN node of the NTN that a feeder link has been lost.
[0032] In an embodiment, the MME may be configured to transmit the UE context information to another MME when the UE sends a NAS procedure request to the another MME.
[0033] In an embodiment, the MME may be configured to check the UE context in response to receiving a NAS request and skip any identity and authentication procedures indicated as performed as part of a previous NAS procedure.
[0034] In an embodiment, the MME may be configured to receive a NAS request comprising a cause value indicating the request is a continuation of a previous NAS procedure and in response skip any identity and authentication procedures performed as part of the previous NAS procedure.
[0035] According to another aspect there is provided a Radio Access Network, RAN, node of a Non-Terrestrial Network, NTN, for executing a NAS procedure between a user equipment, UE, and the NTN, in cooperation with a store and forward architecture, the RAN node configured to: receive from an MME an indication that a NAS procedure cannot be completed; and in response, suspend an RRC connection for the UE.
[0036] In an embodiment, the indication may be a downlink NAS transport message indicating that an attach NAS procedure was not completed; and in response to the indication, the RAN node may be configured to deliver the downlink NAS message to the UE.
[0037] In an embodiment, the indication may be received from an MME or MME-NT component and indicates that a feeder link has been lost; and in response to the indication, the RAN node may be configured to move the UE to an RRC idle state.
[0038] In an embodiment, the node may be configured to receive from an RRC layer of the UE an RRC connection request comprising an establishment cause with a cause value indicating continuation of a NAS procedure.
[0039] In an embodiment, the node may be configured to broadcast a new baring factor or bar time associated with the cause value for continuing the NAS procedure.
[0040] In an embodiment, the node may be configured to determine that the received NAS request is a re-attempt of a previous NAS procedure based on the cause value.
[0041] In an embodiment, the node may be configured, in response to receiving the downlink NAS transport message indicating that an attach NAS procedure was not completed, to store in UE context information that the UE had attempted a previous incomplete NAS procedure, and provide a Resume ID.
[0042] In an embodiment, the node may be configured to receive a resume request from the UE and based on the Resume ID and the UE context information, recognise that the connection request is a re-attempt of a previous NAS procedure.
[0043] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0044] The present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
[0045] FIG. 1 shows an example of a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) providing non-terrestrial access by means of an NTN payload and an NTN Gateway.
[0046] FIG. 2 shows an example of a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) providing non-terrestrial New Radio (NR) access to a UE by means of an NTN payload and an NTN Gateway.
[0047] FIG. 3 shows a proposed NTN configuration, the network comprising a user equipment, Radio Access Network (RAN) node, and a split Mobile Management Entity (MME) with part terrestrial and part non-terrestrial elements.
[0048] FIG. 4 shows an example message diagram indicating the events and messages exchanged between network entities in a first attempt of a NAS procedure
[0049] FIG. 5 shows an example message diagram indicating the events and messages exchanged between network entities in a first attempt of a NAS procedure.
[0050] FIG. 6 shows an example message diagram indicating the events and messages exchanged between network entities in a first attempt of a NAS procedure which is not completed due to store and forward network limitations and a second re-attempt.
[0051] FIG. 7 shows an example message diagram indicating the events and messages exchanged between network entities in a first attempt of a NAS procedure which is not completed due to store and forward network limitations and a second re-attempt.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0052] Architecture of Non-Terrestrial Networks for LTE
[0053] Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) supports radio access over non-terrestrial networks for Bandwidth Limited (BL) UEs (enhanced machine-type communication, eMTC, UEs) , and narrow band, NB, -IoT UEs. Support for non-terrestrial networks, NTNs, encompasses platforms that provide radio access through Geosynchronous orbits (GSO) , Non-Geosynchronous Orbit (NGSO) , which includes Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) and Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) , or High Altitude Platform Systems (HAPS) .
[0054] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) 100 providing non-terrestrial access by means of an NTN payload 102 and an NTN Gateway 104. A service link 106 between the NTN payload and a UE 108 is depicted, along with a feeder link 110 between the NTN Gateway and the NTN payload.
[0055] In the NTN, the NTN payload 102 transparently forwards the radio protocol received from the UE 108 (via the service link 106) to the NTN Gateway 104 (via the feeder link 110) and vice-versa. The following connectivity is supported by the NTN payload:
[0056] A RAN node may serve multiple NTN payloads; and An NTN payload may be served by multiple RAN nodes.
[0057] For NTN, the following terminology applies. A Tracking Area corresponds to a fixed geographical area. Any respective mapping is configured in the Radio Access Network, RAN.
[0058] Three types of service links are supported. Earth-fixed: provisioned by beam (s) continuously covering the same geographical areas all the time (e.g., the case of GSO satellites) . Quasi-Earth-fixed: provisioned by beam (s) covering one geographic area for a limited period of time and a different geographic area during another period of time (e.g., the case of NGSO satellites generating steerable beams) . Earth-moving: provisioned by beam (s) whose coverage area slides over the Earth surface (e.g., the case of NGSO satellites generating fixed or non-steerable beams) .
[0059] With NGSO satellites, the RAN node can provide either quasi-Earth-fixed cell coverage or Earth-moving cell coverage, while RAN node operating with GSO satellites can provide Earth fixed cell coverage or quasi-Earth-fixed cell coverage.
[0060] Architecture of Non-Terrestrial Networks for New Radio, NR
[0061] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) providing non-terrestrial NR access to the UE 108 by means of an NTN payload 102 and an NTN Gateway 104, depicting a service link 106 between the NTN payload 102 and a UE 108, and a feeder link 110 between the NTN Gateway 104 and the NTN payload 102.
[0062] The NTN payload 102 transparently forwards the radio protocol received from the UE 108 (via the service link 106) to the NTN Gateway 104 (via the feeder link 110) and vice-versa. The following connectivity is supported by the NTN payload: An NTN gateway may serve multiple NTN payloads; An NTN payload may be served by multiple NTN gateways.
[0063] A Tracking Area corresponds to a fixed geographical area. Any respective mapping is configured in the RAN.
[0064] Three types of service links are supported. Earth-fixed: provisioned by beam (s) continuously covering the same geographical areas all the time (e.g., the case of GSO satellites) . Quasi-Earth-fixed: provisioned by beam (s) covering one geographic area for a limited period and a different geographic area during another period (e.g., the case of NGSO satellites generating steerable beams) . Earth-moving: provisioned by beam (s) whose coverage area slides over the Earth surface (e.g., the case of NGSO satellites generating fixed or non-steerable beams) .
[0065] With NGSO satellites, the gNB can provide either quasi-Earth-fixed service link or Earth-moving service link, while gNB operating with GSO satellite can provide Earth fixed service link or quasi-Earth-fixed service link.
[0066] FIG. 3 shows a proposed NTN configuration. The proposed network comprises a UE 108, RAN node 302, and a split MME with part terrestrial 304 and part non-terrestrial 306. The store and forward, S&F, satellite operation is especially suited for the delivery of delay-tolerant and non-real-time satellite services (i.e. Cellular Internet of Things (CIoT) / Machine Type Communication (MTC) , Short Message Service (SMS) ) . To support S&F Satellite operation for such services, it is proposed to consider the following items.
[0067] If applicable, what are the minimum necessary set of core network elements / network functions that should be placed on board the satellite (s) for the intended service (s) ? Whether and how to trigger S&F Satellite operation, and how to execute S&F Satellite operation. What enhancements on the related UE and network procedures are needed to support S&F Satellite operation, including whether to inform the UE when the S&F Satellite operation is applied or not.
[0068] In one of the architecture options, the MME, which is the mobility anchor for the UE, is split into two network elements, MME-NT (MME on board satellite) and MME-T (MME terrestrial) . The MME-NT shall act as a mobility anchor point to UE and performs only a subset of MME functionality such as assist in Store and Forward operations i.e. combination of two steps not concurrent in time. The MME-T on the ground is responsible for maintaining UE context information, including security context information. MME-T is also responsible for NAS ciphering / deciphering and integrity protection. MME-NT is responsible for maintaining S1 connection towards the RAN node and maintaining associated connection ID per UE towards MME-T. MME-NT is responsible for encoding NAS messages received from MME-T into S1AP payload towards the RAN node and decoding the NAS payload from messages received from the RAN node and sending it to the MME-T.
[0069] For the Split MME onboard architecture where the Home Subscriber Server, HSS, is on the ground, the following are the general principles for the S&F operation.
[0070] The MO data is stored in the MME-onboard when the service link is available and the feeder link is unavailable, and transferred to the ground when the feeder link becomes available.
[0071] The Mobile Terminated (MT) data is stored in the MME-ground or in satellite–gateway, S-GW, when the feeder link is unavailable, and transferred to the MME-onboard when the feeder link becomes available. The MT data is stored in the MME-onboard when the feeder link is available and service link is unavailable, and transferred to the UE when service link becomes available
[0072] When feeder link is not available and the network supports S&F operation, the network shall be able to inform UE (s) whether S&F Satellite operation is applied through system information.
[0073] When UE initiates an Attach or TAU procedure, it indicates support for S&F mode to the MME following existing NAS capability, the MME sends Attach or TAU Reject message to the UE if these procedures cannot be completed due to S&F operation. The Attach or TAU Reject message includes:
[0074] - Information indicating to the UE that the attach or TAU procedure cannot be completed because of the S&F operation and that the UE can re-attempt the attach or TAU in this PLMN in a next satellite pass. This indicates to the UE that the information contained in the Attach or TAU Request message is stored by the MME and the network will be available to the UE after interaction with ground network.
[0075] - Wait timer: Indicates to the UE the time it should wait before re-attempting the Attach / TAU procedure in the current or another satellite of the same PLMN.
[0076] - The list of Satellite IDs over which the UE may re-attempt the Attach / TAU procedure, after wait timer expires. The Satellite IDs are based on the System Information Block, SIB, information broadcasted by the RAN node.
[0077] When the wait timer given to the UE has expired, if the UE has not successfully attached to another PLMN and the UE finds the cell which broadcast the Satellite ID valid to re-attempt the attach procedure, the UE re-sends the Attach or TAU Request message.
[0078] During the Attach or TAU procedure with the UE, the MME may also provide a list of Satellite IDs over which the UE may exchange the signalling and data, and a wait-timer that indicates to the UE the time it should wait before attempting signalling and data exchanges in those satellites.
[0079] The MME may indicate to UE the estimated delivery time in NAS messages (Attach accept or TAU accept message or service accept) . How the UE uses this information is left for UE implementation.
[0080] Based on the assistance information at the NAS layer, the UE will initiate the second round Attach procedure to complete the unfinished Attach procedure.
[0081] To perform the second round Attach procedure, the UE will need to either setup a new RRC Connection or resume the suspended RRC connection (depending on whether the NW sends the UE to Idle or Suspends the RRC Connection after the 1st round of Attach procedure) .
[0082] For the RRC connection setup or RRC Resume procedure for the second round of Attach procedure, since it is in fact to complete the initial unfinished Attach or TAU procedure, the aims are:
[0083] i. The UE should not be rejected by the RAN node during RRC Connection Setup or RRC Resume Procedure.
[0084] ii. The UE should not be barred due to the Access barring checking.
[0085] iii. The MME should skip any sub procedures performed during the first round procedure.
[0086] Then the issues that need to be resolved are then considered to be the following. How the RRC Connection of the UE can be suspended by RAN node after delivering the Attach Reject or TAU Reject Message to the UE during the first round procedure? How to guarantee the UE is not barred by the ACB checking? While reattempting the second round of Attach or TAU procedure, how to guarantee that the UE can successfully setup or resume the suspended RRC connection? How the MME can skip any already performed sub procedures in the first attempt.
[0087] As a consequence of considering these issues, the proposed approach expedites the second round of NAS procedures, e.g. Attach or TAU procedure, by ensuring that the network accepts the UE and that any sub procedures performed in the first round are not unnecessary repeated.
[0088] When the first attempt of the NAS procedure is performed and cannot be completed due to S&F network limitations, there are proposed two possibilities. The RAN node can move the UE to an RRC Idle state during the first attempt of the NAS procedure. Alternatively, the RAN node can suspend the RRC connection of UE in RRC Idle state during the first attempt of the NAS procedure.
[0089] FIG. 4 shows a message diagram indicating the events and messages exchanged between network entities in a first attempt of a NAS procedure which is not completed due to store and forward network limitations.
[0090] The MME can send 402 the Attach Reject Message in the Downlink NAS Transport message with the “End Indication” . The RAN node can then transfer 404 the Attach Reject message to UE using RRC Direct Transfer. The RAN node then moves the UE to RRC _IDLE state 406.
[0091] In the EMM-DEREGISTERED state, some UE context information can still be stored in the UE and MME, e.g. to avoid running an AKA procedure during every Attach procedure.
[0092] Therefore, it is proposed this same principle can be used to address the issues mentioned herein above. The MME can also mark in the UE specific information (UE Context) that UE attempted the Attach procedure and that the Identity and Authentication sub procedures, or any other sub procedure, were performed in the first attempt of the NAS procedure (in this example an attach procedure) . Accordingly, these previously completed sub procedures can be skipped in the second attempt of the NAS procedure based on the stored UE context information.
[0093] There is therefore proposed a method for continuing an attach procedure between a user equipment, UE, and a Non-Terrestrial Network, NTN, the procedure having been previously interrupted. The NTN and UE are configured to support a store and forward operation. The method comprising storing, during a first Non Access Stratum, NAS, procedure, NAS procedure information comprising an indication of the attempted NAS procedure and any identity and authentication procedures performed; and skipping, during a second NAS procedure, the previously performed identity and authentication procedures based on the stored NAS procedure information. The interruption of the previous NAS procedure may have been due to the loss of either the feeder link or the service link.
[0094] It should be understood that the proposed method can be implemented for any NAS procedure or for the UE that is successfully registered with the network following the completion of the Attach Procedure and wants to transmit or receive data or NAS Signaling after being registered. Where specific terminology is used such as ‘attach request’ or ‘attach reject’ in the context of an Attach NAS procedure, this is merely an example used to illustrate the proposed approach. In the context of another NAS procedure, the same messages and content may be exchanged between network entities to achieve the same objectives, but differently name messages may be used depending on the particular NAS procedure being carried out. The NAS procedure may, for example, comprise an Attach procedure or a Tracking Area Update, TAU, procedure. NAS information may be UE context or a cause value depending on the NAS procedure and NAS layer information provided in corresponding messages.
[0095] FIG. 5 shows an example message diagram indicating the events and messages exchanged between network entities in a first attempt of a NAS procedure which is not completed due to store and forward network limitations. Here the RAN node locally suspends the RRC connection of UE in RRC Idle state during the first attempt of the NAS (Attach) procedure.
[0096] However, the RAN node does not know that the NAS procedure could not be completed and that the MME has sent the Attach Reject or TAU Reject with additional parameters. So, an indication 502, able to be read by the RAN node, is included in the Downlink NAS Transport message. This allows the RAN node to deliver the DL NAS message through RRC Direct Transfer and then Suspend the RRC Connection for the UE.
[0097] The method may comprise transmitting, as part of a Downlink NAS transport message from a Mobility Management Entity, MME, of the NTN to a Radio Access Network RAN node of the NTN after the first NAS procedure fails, an indication of an incomplete NAS procedure to the RAN node of the NTN; and in response to the indication, suspending an RRC Connection for the UE. The downlink NAS transport message may for example comprise an attach reject message or a reject message for another attempted NAS procedure. The contents of the NAS message would not be visible to the RAN node, hence an explicit indication is needed for information the node.
[0098] The method may comprise receiving at a Radio Access Network, RAN, node of the NTN an indication from a Mobility Management Entity, MME, Non-Terrestrial, NT, that the feeder link has been lost; and in response to the indication, suspending an RRC Connection for the UE and placing the UE in an RRC idle state.
[0099] The NAS procedure information may comprise UE context information and the method may comprise transferring UE context information from the initial MME to another MME when the UE begins the second NAS procedure at the another MME.
[0100] Alternatively, the RAN node can get an indication from the MME when the feeder link is unavailable and based on that knowledge, can suspend the RRC Connection of the UE and move it to RRC Idle state.
[0101] In addition to the above, the MME can also mark in the UE specific information (UE Context) that the UE attempted the Attach procedure and that the Identity and Authentication sub procedures (or any other sub procedures) were performed in the first attempt of the NAS procedure (e.g. attach procedure) . These sub procedures can then be skipped in the second attempt.
[0102] The UE context information stored in the MME can be transferred from the old MME to a new MME if the UE performs Attach through a different MME. In this way the new MME can be made aware of what procedures were performed in the first Attempt and can skip those procedures. This helps to make the second attempt of the NAS procedure more efficient. This can be particularly important if the satellite connection is not available for very long.
[0103] FIG. 6 shows an example message diagram indicating the events and messages exchanged between network entities in a first attempt of a NAS procedure which is not completed due to store and forward network limitations and a second re-attempt. The network entities comprise a UE-NAS layer 602, a UE-RRC layer 604, a RAN node 606, an MME 608, and a satellite gateway 610.
[0104] The following approach also deals with, during the second round NAS procedure, how to ensure that the UE can successfully setup the RRC connection from RRC Idle state.
[0105] During the first NAS procedure attempt, when the UE’s NAS layer receives the Attach Reject message with additional indications, it registers 612 it as an unfinished NAS (attach) procedure and Starts the Wait Timer provided in the Attach Reject Message.
[0106] The Unfinished Attach (NAS) procedure corresponds to a new NAS layer cause value indicating “Continuation of NAS Signalling” or “Re-attempt of the NAS procedure due to S&F limitations” to be used when performing the second attempt upon the expiry of the wait timer. This new cause value is passed on 614 from the NAS layer to the RRC layer during the second round (second attempt) .
[0107] When the Wait Timer expires, the NAS layer initiates the second attempt of the NAS (e.g. Attach) procedure. The NAS layer sets the new NAS layer cause value to equal “Continuation of NAS Signalling” / “Re-attempt of the NAS procedure due to S&F limitations” and pass it on to the RRC layer 614. RRC layer then skips the Access Class barring procedure when this new cause value is received from the NAS layer 616.
[0108] Alternatively, the RAN node may broadcast new baring factors or new bar time associated with the new cause value.
[0109] The RRC layer may then initiate 618 RRC Connection Setup procedure and set an Establishment Cause with the new cause value.
[0110] Based on this cause value the RAN node will be able to recognise that the UE is trying to re-attempt the NAS procedure and thus will not reject it. This new NAS cause value can also be set in the Attach Request message. This will enable 620 the MME to recognise that it is the second attempt and as a result it will skip the authentication and other sub procedures during the second round in order to expedite the NAS procedure.
[0111] Alternatively, when the MME receives the attach request it can check in the UE context information to determine which sub procedures were performed in the first attempt and subsequently skip those in the second attempt.
[0112] Thus, there is provided a method comprising receiving, at the UE’s NAS layer, a NAS procedure reject message including indication to re-attempt; registering, by the UE, an unfinished NAS procedure at the NAS layer; and starting, at the UE, a wait timer provided in the reject message. The method further includes generating, at the UE, a cause value to continue NAS signalling to re-attempt NAS procedure. The method may then continue by starting, by the UE, upon expiration of the wait timer, a second attach request. As part of the second request, the method comprises sending a cause value from the NAS layer to an RRC layer of the UE; skipping, in response to receiving the cause value at the RRC layer of the UE, one or more access class barring procedures or performing an access class barring procedure based on new baring factors or a new bar time associated with and broadcast by the RAN node. Followed by transmitting, by the RRC layer to the RAN node of the NTN, an RRC connection request message including the cause value as an establishment cause indicating the re-attempt of the NAS procedure; and accepting, by the RAN node of the NTN, the second attach request in response to acknowledging it as a re-attempt based on the received cause value.
[0113] The new barring factors represent the probability that the access attempt would be allowed during a access barring check. The new barring time represents the average time in seconds before a new access attempt is to be performed after an access attempt was barred at access barring check for the same access category. By generating new quantities for barring factor and barring time the second attempt of the NAS procedure can be completed more efficiently.
[0114] Additionally, the proposed method may comprise including, after the first attach request is rejected, an indication of incomplete NAS procedure in a downlink NAS transfer message from the MME to the RAN node of the NTN. And, in response to receiving the indication of incomplete NAS procedure, storing in UE context information by the RAN node of the NTN, an indication of an attempted NAS procedure and providing the UE with a Resume Identification, ID.
[0115] These procedures can equally be applied to 5G CN nodes such as Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) and RAN node gNB.
[0116] FIG. 7 shows an example message diagram indicating the events and messages exchanged between network entities in a first attempt of a NAS procedure which is not completed due to store and forward network limitations and a second re-attempt. The network entities comprise a UE-NAS layer 602, a UE-RRC layer 604, a RAN node 606, an MME 608, and a satellite gateway 610.
[0117] The following approach also deals with, while re-attempting the second round of the NAS procedure (e.g. Attach or TAU procedure) , how to ensure that the UE can successfully resume the suspended RRC connection.
[0118] Based on the indication of incomplete NAS procedure from MME in the S1 AP : DL NAS Transfer message 502, the RAN node stores the information that the UE has performed the first unsuccessful attempt of the NAS procedure in the UE specific information (UE Context) . The RAN node provides the UE with the Resume ID and Suspends the RRC Connection of the UE. The following process is the same as that described in relation to FIG. 6, except for the following differences.
[0119] The NAS layer can set a new NAS layer cause value 702 to indicate “Continuation of NAS Signalling” or “Re-attempt of the NAS procedure due to S&F limitations” and pass it on to the RRC layer.
[0120] The RRC layer may then skip 704 the Access Class barring procedure when this new cause value is received from the NAS layer. Alternatively, RAN node may broadcast a new baring factor or bar time to improve the prioritization for this UE based on the new cause.
[0121] The RRC layer then initiates a RRC Resume procedure and provides the Resume ID. In this embodiment, no new Establishment Cause or Resume Cause with new cause value is needed. Based on the Resume ID and the information stored in UE specific information (UE Context) in the RAN node, it is recognised that the UE is trying to re-attempt the NAS procedure and as such will not be rejected.
[0122] The new NAS cause value can be set, for example, in the Attach Request message. This will help the MME recognise that it is the second attempt and as a result it will skip 706 the authentication and other sub procedures during the second round Attach Procedure to expedite the NAS procedure. Alternatively, when the MME receives the attach request it can check in the UE context information to determine which sub procedures were performed in the first attempt and skip those in the second attempt.
[0123] Thus there is provided a method comprising the steps of receiving, at the UE’s NAS layer, a NAS procedure reject message including indication to re-attempt; registering, by the UE, an unfinished NAS procedure at the NAS layer; starting, at the UE, a wait timer provided in the reject message; and generating, at the UE, a cause value to continue NAS signalling to re-attempt the NAS procedure. The method may then continue by starting, by the UE and upon expiration of the wait timer, a second NAS procedure; sending the cause value from the NAS layer to an RRC layer of the UE; and in response to receiving the cause value at the RRC layer of UE, skipping an access class barring procedure or performing an access class barring procedure based on a new baring factor or a new bar time associated with and broadcast by the RAN node.
[0124] The method may then continue by transmitting, by the RRC layer to the RAN node of the NTN, an RRC resume request message including a resume ID; and
[0125] accepting, by the RAN node of the NTN, the second attach request in response to acknowledging it as a re-attempt based on the stored UE context information.
[0126] The method may further comprise including the cause value in the NAS request message from the UE to be received at the MME. The cause value my then be read by the MME, and in response the second request may be acknowledged as a re-attempt, skipping the previously performed identity and authentication procedures.
[0127] The proposed approach may comprise receiving the NAS request message from the UE at the MME., and in response the MME may check the UE context and acknowledge the second request as a re-attempt, skipping the previously performed identity and authentication procedures.
[0128] The above proposed approach allows the UE to be moved to the suspended state when the Attach / TAU procedure cannot be completed due to S&F network limitations in the first attempt and expedites the second attempt. The second attempt is expedited by skipping the ACB procedure during the second Attempt. It is further expedited by not performing any NAS sub procedures which were already performed in the first attempt.
[0129] Alternatively, if the UE is moved to Idle state when the Attach / TAU procedure cannot be completed due to S&F limitations in the first attempt, the proposed approach ensures that the second attempt is successful. The success is ensured by skipping the ACB procedure during the second Attempt. It is further ensured to succeed by introducing a new establishment cause so that the network recognizes that it is a second attempt for the NAS procedure and does not reject it even under overloaded conditions. As stated above, the proposed approach may also include not performing any NAS sub procedures which were already performed in the first attempt.
[0130] The proposed approach can easily be extended for the inter MME case for the Attach and other NAS procedures, where the old MME can indicate to the new different MME if there were any procedures performed during the first round so that they can be skipped during the second round.
[0131] The proposed approach is an enhanced and generalized solution that helps the UE to perform the unfinished Attach NAS procedure on priority basis without repeating the procedures again or being rejected by the network.
[0132] There is also provided a corresponding user equipment configured to carry out the method described above. Specifically, a user equipment, UE, for executing a NAS procedure with a Non-Terrestrial Network, NTN, in cooperation with a store and forward architecture. The user equipment configured to store at the UE, information comprising an indication of an attempted NAS procedure and any identity and authentication procedures performed at the NAS Layer. As a result, the user device may maintain a record of the actions it has already performed as part of a NAS procedure with the NTN network and forgo repeating them in a second attempt.
[0133] The proposed UE may also be configured to receive, at a NAS layer, a NAS reject message including indication to re-attempt. The UE may then register an unfinished NAS procedure and start a wait timer provided in the NAS reject message. The UE may also be configured to generate a cause value to continue NAS signalling to re-attempt NAS procedure. Upon expiration of the wait timer, the UE may be configured to start a second NAS procedure, send the cause value from the NAS layer to an RRC layer of the UE, and in response to receiving the cause value, cause the RRC layer to skip one or more access class barring procedures or perform an access class barring procedure based on a new baring factor or a new bar time associated with and broadcast by the RAN node.
[0134] The proposed UE may also be configured to transmit, by the RRC layer to a RAN node of the NTN, an RRC connection request message including the cause value as an establishment cause. Alternatively, the UE may be configured to transmit, by the RRC layer to the RAN node of the NTN, an RRC resume request message including a resume ID provided to the UE by the RAN node of the NTN upon suspension of a previous RRC Connection attempt. Cause value and resume ID may each be used to indicate that the NAS procedure has been started before and that the request to resume it should be granted.
[0135] There is provided a Non-Terrestrial, NT, Mobility Management Entity, MME, for executing an attach procedure between a user equipment, UE, and a Non-Terrestrial Network, NTN, in cooperation with a store and forward architecture. The MME is configured to, in response to a NAS procedure rejection due to store and forward network limitations, mark in UE context information stored at the MME an indication of an attempted NAS procedure by the UE and any identity and authentication procedures performed.
[0136] The MME may be configured to include in a downlink NAS transport message an indication to a RAN node of the NTN of the incomplete NAS procedure. This enables the RAN node to know an incomplete NAS procedure has occurred and carry out certain functions as a result.
[0137] The MME or an MME-NT component may be configured to send an indication to a RAN node of the NTN that a feeder link has been lost. Similarly, this enables the RAN node to carry out certain functions as a result of the incomplete NAS procedure for the purposes of ensuring a successful re-attempt.
[0138] The MME may be configured to transmit the UE context information to another MME when the UE sends a NAS procedure request to the another MME. Should another MME become available, for example while the previous MME is not able to handle another NAS procedure, then the UE can jump to that MME for carrying out the re-attempted NAS procedure instead.
[0139] The MME may be configured to check the UE context in response to receiving a NAS request and skip any identity and authentication procedures indicated as performed as part of a previous NAS procedure. Alternatively or additionally, the MME may be configured to receive a NAS request comprising a cause value indicating the request is a continuation of a previous NAS procedure and in response skip any identity and authentication procedures performed as part of the previous NAS procedure.
[0140] There is also proposed a corresponding Radio Access Network, RAN, node of a Non-Terrestrial Network, NTN, for executing a NAS procedure between a user equipment, UE, and the NTN, in cooperation with a store and forward architecture. The RAN node is configured to receive from an MME an indication that a NAS procedure cannot be completed; and in response, suspend an RRC connection for the UE. The indication may be a downlink NAS transport message indicating that an attach NAS procedure was not completed; and in response to the indication, the RAN node may be configured to deliver the downlink NAS message to the UE.
[0141] The indication may be received from an MME or MME-NT component and indicate that a feeder link has been lost; and in response to the indication, the RAN node may be configured to move the UE to an RRC idle state. The node may be configured to receive from an RRC layer of the UE an RRC connection request comprising an establishment cause with a cause value indicating continuation of a NAS procedure. In response to receiving the cause value the node may not reject the RRC connection for the UE.
[0142] The RAN node may be configured to broadcast a new baring factor or bar time associated with the cause value for continuing the NAS procedure. The RAN node may be configured to determine that the received NAS request is a re-attempt of a previous NAS procedure based on the cause value.
[0143] Alternatively, the RAN node may be configured, in response to receiving the downlink NAS transport message indicating that an attach NAS procedure was not completed, to store in UE context information that the UE had attempted a previous incomplete NAS procedure, and provide a Resume ID. The RAN node may be configured to receive a resume request from the UE and based on the Resume ID and the UE context information, recognise that the connection request is a re-attempt of a previous NAS procedure.
[0144] The applicant hereby discloses in isolation each individual feature described herein and any combination of two or more such features, to the extent that such features or combinations are capable of being carried out based on the present specification as a whole in the light of the common general knowledge of a person skilled in the art, irrespective of whether such features or combinations of features solve any problems disclosed herein, and without limitation to the scope of the claims. The applicant indicates that aspects of the present invention may consist of any such individual feature or combination of features. In view of the foregoing description it will be evident to a person skilled in the art that various modifications may be made within the scope of the invention.
Claims
1.A method for continuing a Non Access Stratum, NAS, procedure between a user equipment, UE, (108) and a Non-Terrestrial Network, NTN, wherein the procedure having been previously interrupted, and the method comprising:storing (612) , during a first NAS procedure, NAS procedure information comprising an indication of the attempted NAS procedure and any identity and authentication procedures performed; andskipping (616) , during a second NAS procedure, the previously performed identity and authentication procedures based on the stored NAS procedure information.2.A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the procedure had been previously interrupted prior to the step of storing.3.The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the NAS procedure comprises an Attach procedure or a Tracking Area Update, TAU, procedure.4.The method according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method comprises:transmitting, as part of a Downlink NAS transport message (402, 502) from a Mobility Management Entity, MME, (608) of the NTN to a Radio Access Network RAN node (606) of the NTN after the first NAS procedure fails, an indication of an incomplete NAS procedure to the RAN node of the NTN; andin response to the indication, suspending an RRC Connection for the UE.5.The method according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method comprises:receiving at a Radio Access Network, RAN, node of the NTN an indication from a Mobility Management Entity, MME, Non-Terrestrial, NT, that the feeder link has been lost; andin response to the indication, suspending an RRC Connection for the UE and placing the UE in an RRC idle state.6.The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the NAS procedure information comprises UE context information and the method comprises transferring UE context information from the initial MME to another MME when the UE begins the second NAS procedure at the another MME.7.The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the method comprises:triggering the UE to:receive, at the UE’s NAS layer, a NAS procedure reject message including indication to re-attempt;register an unfinished NAS procedure at the NAS layer;start a wait timer provided in the reject message;generate a cause value to continue NAS signalling to re-attempt NAS procedure;start, upon expiration of the wait timer, a second attach request;send a cause value from the NAS layer to an RRC layer of the UE;skip, in response to receiving the cause value at the RRC layer of the UE, one or more access class barring procedures or performing an access class barring procedure based on new baring factors or a new bar time associated with and broadcast by the RAN node; andtransmit by the RRC layer to the RAN node of the NTN, an RRC connection request message including the cause value as an establishment cause indicating the re-attempt of the NAS procedure;and the method further comprises:accepting, by the RAN node of the NTN, the second attach request in response to acknowledging it as a re-attempt based on the received cause value.8.The method according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method comprises:including, after the first attach request is rejected, an indication of incomplete NAS procedure in a downlink NAS transfer message from the MME to the RAN node of the NTN;storing in UE context information by the RAN node of the NTN an indication of an attempted NAS procedure in response to receiving the indication of incomplete NAS procedure and providing the UE with a Resume Identification, ID.9.The method according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises:triggering the UE to:receive, at the UE’s NAS layer, a NAS procedure reject message including indication to re-attempt;register an unfinished NAS procedure at the NAS layer;start a wait timer provided in the reject message;generate a cause value to continue NAS signalling to re-attempt the NAS procedure;start upon expiration of the wait timer, a second NAS procedure;send the cause value from the NAS layer to an RRC layer of the UE;in response to receiving the cause value at the RRC layer of UE, skip an access class barring procedure or performing an access class barring procedure based on a new baring factor or a new bar time associated with and broadcast by the RAN node; andtransmit, by the RRC layer to the RAN node of the NTN, an RRC resume request message including a resume ID; and the method further comprises:accepting, by the RAN node of the NTN, the second attach request in response to acknowledging it as a re-attempt based on the stored UE context information.10.The method according to claim 7 or 9, wherein the method comprises receiving at the MME the NAS request message from the UE, the NAS request message including the cause value, reading by the MME the cause value, and in response acknowledging the second request as a re-attempt and skipping the previously performed identity and authentication procedures.11.The method according to claim 7 or 9, wherein the method comprises receiving the NAS request message from the UE at the MME, and in response checking the UE context and acknowledging the second request as a re-attempt and skipping the previously performed identity and authentication procedures.12.A user equipment, UE, (108) for executing an attach procedure to a Non-Terrestrial Network, NTN, in cooperation with a store and forward architecture, the user equipment configured to:store at the UE, information comprising an indication of an attempted NAS procedure and any identity and authentication procedures performed at the NAS Layer (602) .13.The UE according to claim 12, wherein the UE is configured to:receive, at a NAS layer, a NAS reject message including indication to re-attempt;register an unfinished NAS procedure;start a wait timer provided in the NAS reject message;generate a cause value to continue NAS signalling to re-attempt NAS procedure;start, upon expiration of the wait timer, a second NAS procedure;send the cause value from the NAS layer to an RRC layer of the UE;in response to receiving the cause value, skip, by the RRC layer, one or more access class barring procedure or perform an access class barring procedure based on a new baring factor or a new bar time associated with and broadcast by the RAN node.14.The UE according to claim 13, wherein the UE is configured to:transmit, by the RRC layer to a RAN node of the NTN, an RRC connection request message including the cause value as an establishment cause.15.The UE according to claim 13, wherein the UE is configured to perform the operation of:transmitting, by the RRC layer to the RAN node of the NTN, an RRC resume request message including a resume ID provided to the UE by the RAN node of the NTN upon suspension of a previous RRC Connection attempt.16.The UE according to any of claims 12 to 15, the UE being configured to, as part of a NAS procedure:receive, at the UE’s NAS layer, a NAS procedure reject message including indication to re-attempt;register an unfinished NAS procedure at the NAS layer;start a wait timer provided in the reject message;generate a cause value to continue NAS signalling to re-attempt the NAS procedure;start upon expiration of the wait timer, a second NAS procedure;send the cause value from the NAS layer to an RRC layer of the UE; andin response to receiving the cause value at the RRC layer of UE, skip an access class barring procedure or performing an access class barring procedure based on a new baring factor or a new bar time associated with and broadcast by the RAN node; andtransmit, by the RRC layer to the RAN node of the NTN, an RRC resume request message including a resume ID.17.A Non-Terrestrial, NT, Mobility Management Entity, MME, (608) for executing an attach procedure between a user equipment, UE, (108) and a Non-Terrestrial Network, NTN, in cooperation with a store and forward architecture, the MME configured to:in response to a NAS procedure rejection due to store and forward network limitations, mark in UE context information stored at the MME an indication of an attempted NAS procedure by the UE and any identity and authentication procedures performed.18.The MME according to claim 17, wherein the MME is configured to include in a downlink NAS transport message (402, 502) an indication to a RAN node (606) of the NTN of the incomplete NAS procedure.19.The MME according to claim 17, wherein the MME or an MME-NT component is configured to send an indication to a RAN node of the NTN that a feeder link has been lost.20.The MME according to any of claims 17 to 19, wherein the MME is configured to transmit the UE context information to another MME when the UE sends a NAS procedure request to the another MME.21.The MME according to any of claims 17 to 19, wherein the MME is configured to check the UE context in response to receiving a NAS request and skip any identity and authentication procedures indicated as performed as part of a previous NAS procedure.22.The MME according to any of claims 17 to 19, wherein the MME is configured to receive a NAS request comprising a cause value indicating the request is a continuation of a previous NAS procedure and in response skip any identity and authentication procedures performed as part of the previous NAS procedure.23.A Radio Access Network, RAN, node (606) of a Non-Terrestrial Network, NTN, for executing a NAS procedure between a user equipment, UE, (108) and the NTN, in cooperation with a store and forward architecture, the RAN node configured to:receive from an MME (608) an indication that a NAS procedure cannot be completed; andin response, suspend an RRC connection for the UE.24.The RAN node according to claim 23, wherein the indication is a downlink NAS transport message (402, 502) indicating that an attach NAS procedure was not completed; and in response to the indication, the RAN node is configured to deliver the downlink NAS message to the UE.25.The RAN node according to claim 23, wherein the indication is received from an MME or MME-NT component and indicates that a feeder link has been lost; and in response to the indication, the RAN node is configured to move the UE to an RRC idle state.26.The RAN node according to any of claims 23 to 25, wherein the node is configured to receive from an RRC layer of the UE an RRC connection request comprising an establishment cause with a cause value indicating continuation of a NAS procedure.27.The RAN node according to claim 26, wherein the node is configured to broadcast a new baring factor or bar time associated with the cause value for continuing the NAS procedure.28.The RAN node according to claim 27, wherein the node is configured to determine that the received NAS request is a re-attempt of a previous NAS procedure based on the cause value.29.The RAN node according to any of claims 23 to 28, wherein the node is configured, in response to receiving the downlink NAS transport message indicating that an attach NAS procedure was not completed, to store in UE context information that the UE had attempted a previous incomplete NAS procedure, and provide a Resume ID.30.The RAN node according to claim 25, wherein the node is configured to receive a resume request from the UE and based on the Resume ID and the UE context information, recognise that the connection request is a re-attempt of a previous NAS procedure.
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