Method and apparatus of supporting artificial intelligence (AI) applications in wireless communications
By enabling UEs to evaluate predicted radio events and execute handovers before actual events, the system addresses inefficiencies in AI/ML-based handover decisions, enhancing network performance and accuracy.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/095403
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-16
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in achieving a perfect tradeoff between efficiency and accuracy in handover decisions based on AI/ML predictions, particularly in radio resource management and event prediction.
The system allows UEs to evaluate predicted radio events using actual measurement results and handover trigger configurations, enabling pre-event reporting and handover execution before the actual event occurs, with conditions such as time duration or offset values to determine when to send pre-event reports or trigger handovers.
This approach enhances the efficiency and accuracy of handover decisions by allowing proactive handover management based on AI/ML predictions, improving network performance and reducing handover failures.
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Figure CN2025095403_12022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS OF SUPPORTING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) APPLICATIONS IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to techniques of supporting artificial intelligence (AI) applications in wireless communications.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers, or the like) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .SUMMARY
[0003] An article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0004] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may further include a UE for wireless communication, which may include: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the UE to: receive from a network equipment (NE) , a configuration related to handover trigger; evaluate a predicted radio event reported to the NE based on actual measurement results and the configuration related to handover trigger; and determine, based on evaluation results, whether to indicate to the NE that the predicted radio event will happen or whether to trigger a handover before an actual radio event associated with the predicted radio event is fulfilled.
[0005] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the configuration related to handover trigger is a configuration of pre-event reporting, configuring the UE to determine whether to send a pre-event report indicating that a previously reported predicted radio event will happen before an associated radio event is actually fulfilled.
[0006] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the configuration of pre-event reporting includes conditions to trigger pre-event reporting, indicating one or multiple of: a percentage value N%of a time to trigger (TTT) duration T of the associated radio event, wherein pre-event reporting will be triggered if an entering condition of the associated radio event based on actual measurement results has been be fulfilled for a time of T*N%; or a time duration value T1 smaller than a TTT duration T of the associated radio event, wherein pre-event reporting will be triggered if an entering condition of the associated radio event based on actual measurement results has been be fulfilled for a time T1 from start of the TTT duration; a time duration value T2 smaller than a TTT duration T of the associated radio event, wherein pre-event reporting will be triggered if an entering condition of the associated radio event based on actual measurement results has been be fulfilled for a time (T-T2) from the start of the TTT duration; or a time offset value Toffset, wherein pre-event reporting will be triggered if a time difference |T”-T’| between time T’ when an entering condition of the associated radio event based on actual measurement results is fulfilled and time T” when an entering condition of the predicted radio event is predicted to be fulfilled is less than the time offset value Toffset.
[0007] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, in the case of determining to send a pre-event report to the NE, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the UE to: send the pre-event report in a radio resource control (RRC) message or a media access control (MAC) control element (CE) or an uplink control information (UCI) .
[0008] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the pre-event report includes an identifier associated with the previously predicted radio event, and one or multiple of actual measurement results of beams and / or cells related to the predicted radio event or predicted measurement results of the beams and / or cells related to the predicted radio event.
[0009] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the UE to: stop one or multiple of actual measurements for event evaluation, actual measurement result reporting, prediction measurements or predicted measurement result reporting after sending the pre-event report.
[0010] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the UE to: restart one or multiple of stopped actual measurements, stopped actual measurement result reporting, stopped prediction measurements or stopped predicted measurement result reporting.
[0011] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the configuration related to handover trigger is a configuration of pre-event handover trigger, configuring the UE to determine whether to trigger a handover based on a previously predicted radio event before an associated radio event is actually fulfilled.
[0012] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the configuration of pre-event handover trigger includes conditions to trigger handover, indicating one or multiple of: a percentage value, N%of a time to trigger (TTT) duration, T of the associated radio event, wherein a handover will be triggered if an entering condition of the associated radio event based on actual measurement results has been be fulfilled for a time of T*N%; or a time duration value, T1 smaller than a TTT duration of the associated radio event, wherein a handover will be triggered if an entering condition of the associated radio event based on actual measurement results has been be fulfilled for a time T1 from start of the TTT duration; or a time duration value, T2 smaller than a TTT duration, T of the associated radio event, wherein a handover will be triggered if an entering condition of the associated radio event based on actual measurement results has been be fulfilled for a time (T-T2) from start of the TTT duration; or a time offset value Toffset, wherein pre-event reporting will be triggered if a time difference |T”-T’| between time T’ when an entering condition of the associated radio event based on actual measurement results is fulfilled and time T” when an entering condition of the predicted radio event is predicted to be fulfilled is less than the time offset value Toffset.
[0013] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the configuration related to handover trigger further includes information associated with the previously predicted radio event, indicating: an actual measurement identifier that represents a set of actual measurement configurations related to a prediction report associated with the previously predicted radio event; a measurement object identifier that represents an object related to a prediction report associated with the previously predicted radio event; a prediction measurement identifier that represents a set of prediction measurement configuration related to a prediction report associated with the previously predicted radio event; or an event identifier that represents an actual radio event associated with the previously predicted radio event.
[0014] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the UE to: send a handover failure report to the NE in response to a handover based on the predicted radio event fails or radio link failure happens before a handover based on the predicted radio event is triggered, indicating one or multiple of: an indication concerning that a failure happens after a radio event prediction is reported and before handover execution; an indication concerning that a failure happens after reporting that a previously reported predicted radio event will happen and before handover execution; an indication concerning that a failure happens during handover execution after receiving a handover command from network; an indication concerning that a failure happens during handover execution after conditions for triggering the handover based on the predicted radio event are satisfied; configuration related to handover trigger; an indication concerning the handover based on the predicted radio event; time elapsed between starting evaluation till failure happens; time elapsed between the predicted radio event is reported and the handover is executed; time elapsed between starting evaluation till triggering the handover; last actual measurement results related to concerned serving cell and neighbor cells.
[0015] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may further include a processor for wireless communication, which may include: at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: receive from a NE, a configuration related to handover trigger; evaluate a predicted radio event reported to the NE based on actual measurement results and the configuration related to handover trigger; and determine, based on evaluation results, whether to indicate to the NE that the predicted radio event will happen or whether to trigger a handover before an actual radio event associated with the predicted radio event is fulfilled.
[0016] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may further include a NE for wireless communication, which may include: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the NE to: start handover preparation for a UE in response to receiving from the UE a prediction report indicating a predicted radio event; and send, to the UE, a configuration related to handover trigger before or after receiving the prediction report, so that the UE will evaluate the predicted radio event based on actual measurement results and the configuration related to handover trigger to determine whether to indicate to the NE that the predicted radio event will happen or whether to execute a handover before an actual radio event associated with the predicted radio event is fulfilled.
[0017] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the configuration related to handover trigger is a configuration of pre-event reporting, configuring the UE to determine whether to send a pre-event report indicating that a previously reported predicted radio event will happen before an associated radio event is actually fulfilled, and the at least one processor is configured to further cause the NE to: send to the UE handover related configuration with a handover command in response to receiving a pre-event report indicating that the predicted radio event will happen; or send to the UE handover related configuration after receiving the prediction report and before receiving a pre-event report indicating that the predicted radio event will happen, and send to the UE a handover command in response to receiving the pre-event report.
[0018] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the configuration of pre-event reporting is sent to the UE within or separate from prediction report related configuration.
[0019] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the configuration related to handover trigger is a configuration of pre-event handover trigger, configuring the UE to determine whether to trigger a handover based on a previously predicted radio event before an associated radio event is actually fulfilled, and the at least one processor is configured to further cause the NE to: send to the UE the configuration of pre-event handover trigger before, together or after sending handover related configuration.
[0020] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the NE to: send to the UE updated configuration of pre-event handover trigger.
[0021] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the NE may include a central unit (CU) and one or multiple distributed units (DUs) , wherein the at least one processor is configured to further cause the CU to: receive a handover failure report from the UE; and perform initial analysis based on the handover failure report.
[0022] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the CU to: perform root cause analysis and send analyzed root causes to an associated DU; or send the handover failure report to an associated DU for root cause analysis.
[0023] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may further include a method performed by a UE, which may include: receiving from a NE, a configuration related to handover trigger; evaluating a predicted radio event reported to the NE based on actual measurement results and the configuration related to handover trigger; and determining, based on evaluation results, whether to indicate to the NE that the predicted radio event will happen or whether to trigger a handover before an actual radio event associated with the predicted radio event is fulfilled.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0025] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an internal structure of a NE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0026] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating handover procedures respectively triggered by different manners in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0027] Figure 4 illustrates an example of handover procedure in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0028] Figure 5 illustrates another example of handover procedure in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0029] Figure 6 illustrates an example of a UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0030] Figure 7 illustrates an example of a processor in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0031] Figure 8 illustrates an example of a NE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0032] Figure 9 illustrates a flowchart of method performed by a UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0033] Figure 10 illustrates a flowchart of method performed by a NE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] AI, at least including machine learning (ML) is used to learn and perform certain tasks via training neural networks (NNs) with vast amounts of data, which is successfully applied in computer vison (CV) and nature language processing (NLP) areas. Deep learning, which is a subordinate concept of ML, utilizes multi-layered NNs as an “AI / ML model” (or referred to as AI / ML model or the like) or "AI-based model" (or referred to as AI / ML based model or the like) to learn how to solve problems and / or optimize performance from vast amounts of data. If AI / ML models used on AI-based methods are well trained, the AI-based methods can obtain better performance than the traditional methods. Thus, 3rd generation partnership program (3GPP) has been considering to introduce AI / ML into 3GPP since 2016.
[0035] For example, one 3GPP work item is to study AI / ML aided mobility for triggering handover (HO) considering AI / ML based radio resource management (RRM) measurement and event prediction, wherein the AI / ML models can be located at the network side and / or UE side. One AI / ML model may include one or multiple AI / ML functionalities. In some cases, upon a predicted RRM event (e.g., A3 event) , UE may send a RRM measurement report to the network, e.g., a radio access network (RAN) node or NE, including measurement results related to the predicted RRM event. Then, the network can start preparing the handover. However, it is difficult for the network to achieve a perfect tradeoff between the efficiency and accuracy of handover based on prediction.
[0036] Various aspects of the present disclosure also propose that the network side, e.g., a RAN node or NE may start preparing the handover after receiving a measurement report (e.g., prediction report or the like) indicating a predicted radio event, e.g., RRM event A3. Besides, the network side may send to the UE, a configuration related to handover trigger before or after receiving the prediction report. Accordingly, the UE may evaluate the predicted radio event based on actual measurement results and the configuration related to handover trigger. Based on the evaluation results, the UE may directly determine whether to perform a handover, or transmit related evaluation information to the network side so that the network side will trigger a handover. For example, in some implementations of the present disclosure, the configuration of pre-event handover trigger includes conditions to trigger handover. If the evaluation results show that the conditions to trigger handover are satisfied or fulfilled, the UE may determine to execute a handover before an actual radio event associated with the predicted radio event is fulfilled (or determined or claimed or the like) . In some implementations of the present disclosure, the configuration related to handover trigger is a configuration of pre-event reporting including conditions to trigger pre-event reporting. If the evaluation results show that the conditions to trigger pre-event reporting are satisfied or fulfilled, the UE may indicate to the network side, e.g., via a pre-event report that the predicted radio event will actually happen, and may receive a handover command from the network side to trigger the handover after sending the pre-event report.
[0037] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communication system.
[0038] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system 100 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more NE 102, one or more UE 104, and a core network (CN) 106. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a NR network, such as a 5G network, a 5G-Advanced (5G-A) network, or a 5G ultrawideband (5G-UWB) network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G, for example, 6G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0039] The one or more NE 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the NE 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a network function, a network entity, a radio access network (RAN) , a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. An NE 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0040] An NE 102 may provide a geographic coverage area for which the NE 102 may support services for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, an NE 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network (NTN) . In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas may be associated with different NE 102. In some embodiments, the NEs 102 may include one or more relay nodes, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes or wireless access backhaul (WAB) nodes which can provide wireless access services for UEs 104. A relay node (or an IAB node or a WAB node) can directly connect to a BS or hop through one or more relay nodes (or one or more IAB or WAB nodes) before reaching the BS.
[0041] The one or more UE 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a subscriber device, a transmitter device, a receiver device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples.
[0042] A UE 104 may be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0043] An NE 102 may support communications with the CN 106, or with another NE 102, or both. For example, an NE 102 may interface with other NE 102 or the CN 106 through one or more backhaul links (e.g., S1, N2, N3, or network interface) . In some implementations, the NE 102 may communicate with each other directly. In some other implementations, the NE 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the CN 106. In some implementations, one or more NE 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0044] The CN 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The CN 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more NE 102 associated with the CN 106.
[0045] The CN 106 may communicate with a packet data network over one or more backhaul links (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or another network interface) . The packet data network may include an application server. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the CN 106 via an NE 102. The CN 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the CN 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the CN 106) .
[0046] In the wireless communications system 100, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0047] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0048] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0049] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0050] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0051] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0052] In accordance with legacy 3GPP specifications, UE will keep measuring and updating the measured results, e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP) of a measurement object (e.g., a cell or a beam) according to layer 3 (L3) filter, which averages the last measurement result and the current measurement result with different weight values. L3 RRM measurement reports may be triggered due to L3 events or RRM events, e.g., A3 and / or A5 etc., which are evaluated by UE using the measurement results of radio link quantity. Similar operations may also be performed in layer 1 (L1) . Herein, such L1 / L3 measurements and events are referred to as actual measurements and events. Events or measurement events, including L1 / L3 measurement events may also be referred to as radio events.
[0053] The following terminologies may be used to distinguish different types of L1 / L3 measurement and event predictions (may be referred to as "predictions" or the like for simplification) : L3 beam measurement prediction: the beam level measurement prediction that is the prediction of beam quality (e.g., RSRP) after applying L3 filtering; L3 cell measurement prediction: the cell level measurement prediction that is the prediction of cell quality (e.g., RSRP) after applying L3 filtering; L3 event prediction: including predicted events A1, A2, A3 …currently specified in the 3GPPspecification, as well as, radio link failure (RLF) event, and handover failure event; and being determined by the radio resource control (RRC) protocol layer; L1 beam measurement prediction: the beam level measurement prediction that is the prediction of beam quality after applying L1 filtering; L1 channel state information (CSI) measurement prediction: the CSI level measurement prediction that is the prediction of CSI after applying L1 filtering; L1 event prediction: including predicted events LTM2, LTM 3, LTM4, LTM5, e.g., if the L1 beam quality is above or below a RSRP threshold for a certain time. L3 beam measurement prediction, L3 cell measurement prediction or a combination thereof may be referred to as L3 beam and / or cell measurement prediction (or L3 beam / cell measurement prediction) . L1 beam measurement prediction, L1 CSI measurement prediction, or a combination thereof may be referred to as L1 beam and / or CSI measurement prediction (or L1 beam / CSI measurement prediction) .
[0054] Taking L3 prediction (or referred to as RRM prediction) as an example, it can be either cell level or beam level measurement prediction in temporal domain, spatial domain, or frequency domain or any combination thereof. For example, in temporal domain, UE may predict the measurement result in the future for set A cell / beam using measurement result in the past of set B cell / beam (set A can be a subset of set B) . In spatial domain, UE may predict the measurement result for set A cell / beam (cell and / or beam) using measurement result of set B cell / beam at the same time instance (set A can be different set as set B, or a superset of set B) , wherein set A cell / beam and set B cell / beam are of the same frequency. The associated cells could be collocated. In frequency domain, UE may predict the measurement result for set A cell / beam using measurement result of set B cell / beam at the same time instance (set A can be different set as set B, or a superset of set B) , wherein set A cell / beam and set B cell / beam are of different frequencies. Regarding set A cell / beam, it is a set of cells and / or beams to be predicted. Regarding set B cell / beam, it is a set of cells and / or beams to be measured.
[0055] Similarly, the following terminologies may be used to distinguish different types of L1 / L3 measurements and events (actual measurements and / or events) : L3 beam measurement: the beam level measurement that is the beam quality (e.g., RSRP) after applying L3 filtering; L3 cell measurement: the cell level measurement that is the measurement of cell quality (e.g., RSRP) after applying L3 filtering; L3 event: including events A1, A2, A3 …currently specified in the 3GPPspecification, as well as, radio link failure (RLF) event, and handover failure event; and being determined by the radio resource control (RRC) protocol layer; L1 beam measurement: the beam level measurement that is the measurement of beam quality after applying L1 filtering; L1 CSI measurement: the CSI level measurement that is the measurement of CSI after applying L1 filtering; L1 event: including events LTM2, LTM 3, LTM4, LTM5, e.g., if the L1 beam quality is above or below a RSRP threshold for a certain time. L3 beam measurement, L3 cell measurement or a combination thereof may be referred to as L3 beam and / or cell measurement (or L3 beam / cell measurement) . L1 beam measurement, L1 CSI measurement, or a combination thereof may be referred to as L1 beam and / or CSI measurement (or L1 beam / CSI measurement) .
[0056] Radio events, e.g., RRM events or L3 events that may be predicted or evaluated in the present disclosure are various. Brief descriptions of some exemplary RRM events are provided below for reference. Persons skilled in the art would well know that as 3GPP specification evolves, more RRM events may be defined or some existed RRM events may be changed. Thus, the exemplary RRM events should not be used to unduly limit the protection scope of the present disclosure. It is similar for other types of radio events. "Event A1: Serving becomes better than absolute threshold; Event A2: Serving becomes worse than absolute threshold; Event A3: Neighbour becomes amount of offset better than PCell / PSCell; Event A4: Neighbour becomes better than absolute threshold; Event A5: PCell / PSCell becomes worse than absolute threshold1 AND Neighbour / SCell becomes better than another absolute threshold2; Event A6: Neighbour becomes amount of offset better than SCell; Event D1: Distance between UE and a reference location referenceLocation1 becomes larger than configured threshold distanceThreshFromReference1 and distance between UE and a reference location referenceLocation2 becomes shorter than configured threshold distanceThreshFromReference2; Event D2: Distance between UE and a moving reference location based on movingReferenceLocation and its corresponding satellite ephemeris and epoch time broadcast in SIB19 for the serving cell becomes larger than configured threshold distanceThreshFromReference1 and distance between UE and a moving reference location determined based on referenceLocation2 becomes shorter than configured threshold distanceThreshFromReference2; CondEvent A3: Conditional reconfiguration candidate becomes amount of offset better than PCell / PSCell; CondEvent A4: Conditional reconfiguration candidate becomes better than absolute threshold where condEventA4 can also be used for current PSCell (i.e., in case it is configured as candidate PSCell for CondEvent A4 evaluation) for CHO with candidate SCG (s) case; CondEvent A5: PCell / PSCell becomes worse than absolute threshold1 AND Conditional reconfiguration candidate becomes better than another absolute threshold2; CondEvent D1: Distance between UE and a reference location referenceLocation1 becomes larger than configured threshold distanceThreshFromReference1 and distance between UE and a reference location referenceLocation2 of conditional reconfiguration candidate becomes shorter than configured threshold distanceThreshFromReference2; CondEvent D2: Distance between UE and a moving reference location determined based on movingReferenceLocation and its corresponding satellite ephemeris and epoch time broadcast in SIB19 for the serving cell becomes larger than configured threshold distanceThreshFromReference1 and distance between UE and a moving reference location determined based on referenceLocation2 of conditional reconfiguration candidate becomes shorter than configured threshold distanceThreshFromReference2; CondEvent T1: Time measured at UE becomes more than configured threshold t1- Threshold but is less than t1-Threshold + duration; Event X1: Serving L2 U2N Relay UE becomes worse than absolute threshold1 AND NR Cell becomes better than another absolute threshold2; Event X2: Serving L2 U2N Relay UE becomes worse than absolute threshold; Event I1: Interference becomes higher than absolute threshold; For Event I1, measurement reporting event is based on CLI measurement results, which can either be derived based on SRS-RSRP or CLI-RSSI. The reporting events concerning Aerial UE altitude are labelled HN with N equal to 1 and 2. Additionally, the reporting events concerning Aerial UE altitude and the neighboring cell measurements simultaneously are labelled AMHN with M equal to 3, 4, 5 and N equal to 1, 2. Event H1: Aerial UE altitude becomes higher than a threshold; Event H2: Aerial UE altitude becomes lower than a threshold; Event A3H1: Neighbour becomes offset better than SpCell and the Aerial UE altitude becomes higher than a threshold; Event A3H2: Neighbour becomes offset better than SpCell and the Aerial UE altitude becomes lower than a threshold; Event A4H1: Neighbour becomes better than threshold1 and the Aerial UE altitude becomes higher than a threshold2; Event A4H2: Neighbour becomes better than threshold1 and the Aerial UE altitude becomes lower than a threshold2; Event A5H1: SpCell becomes worse than threshold1 and neighbour becomes better than threshold2 and the Aerial UE altitude becomes higher than a threshold3; Event A5H2: SpCell becomes worse than threshold1 and neighbour becomes better than threshold2 and the Aerial UE altitude becomes lower than a threshold3. "
[0057] Taking Event A3 as an example, it is specifically defined as follows (may change as the evolvement of 3GPP) : "The UE shall: 1> consider the entering condition for this event to be satisfied when condition A3-1, as specified below, is fulfilled; 1> consider the leaving condition for this event to be satisfied when condition A3-2, as specified below, is fulfilled; 1> use the SpCell for Mp, Ofp and Ocp. NOTE 1: The cell (s) that triggers the event has reference signals indicated in the measObjectNR associated to this event which may be different from the NR SpCell measObjectNR. Inequality A3-1 (Entering condition) Mn + Ofn + Ocn -Hys > Mp + Ofp + Ocp + Off Inequality A3-2 (Leaving condition) Mn + Ofn + Ocn + Hys < Mp + Ofp + Ocp + Off The variables in the formula are defined as follows: Mn is the measurement result of the neighbouring cell, not taking into account any offsets. Ofn is the measurement object specific offset of the reference signal of the neighbour cell (i.e. offsetMO as defined within measObjectNR corresponding to the neighbour cell) . Ocn is the cell specific offset of the neighbour cell (i.e. cellIndividualOffset as defined within measObjectNR corresponding to the frequency of the neighbour cell, or cellIndividualOffset as defined within reportConfigNR) , and set to zero if not configured for the neighbour cell. Mp is the measurement result of the SpCell, not taking into account any offsets. Ofp is the measurement object specific offset of the SpCell (i.e. offsetMO as defined within measObjectNR corresponding to the SpCell) . Ocp is the cell specific offset of the SpCell (i.e. cellIndividualOffset as defined within measObjectNR corresponding to the SpCell) , and is set to zero if not configured for the SpCell. Hys is the hysteresis parameter for this event (i.e. hysteresis as defined within reportConfigNR for this event) . Off is the offset parameter for this event (i.e. a3-Offset as defined within reportConfigNR for this event) . Mn, Mp are expressed in dBm in case of RSRP, or in dB in case of RSRQ and RS-SINR. Ofn, Ocn, Ofp, Ocp, Hys, Off are expressed in dB. "
[0058] Similarly, brief descriptions of some exemplary L1 events are provided below for reference: Event LTM2: Beam of serving cell becomes worse than threshold; Event LTM3: Beam of candidate cell becomes offset better than beam of serving cell; Event LTM4: Beam of candidate cell becomes better than absolute threshold; and Event LTM5: Beam of serving cell becomes worse than threshold1 and Beam of candidate cell becomes better than threshold2.
[0059] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an internal structure of a NE or RAN node, e.g., a gNB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0060] Referring to Figure 2, in a split RAN architecture, the internal structure of a RAN node (e.g., NE 102) may be split into a CU 200 and at least one DU 202 (e.g., two DUs shown in Figure 2) . Although a specific number of DUs 202 are depicted in FIG. 2, it is contemplated that any number of DUs 202 may be included in the RAN node.
[0061] The CU 200, e.g., a CU of a gNB (gNB CU, or gNB-CU) and DU 202 e.g., a DU of a gNB (gNB DU, or gNB-DU) are connected with each other by an interface called F1 as specified in 3GPP standard documents. The RRC layer functionality, SDAP layer functionality, and the PDCP layer functionality are located in the CU 200. The CU is responsible for performing security processing for RRC messages, including encryption, decryption, integrity protection and integrity checking etc., and these functions are typically handled by the PDCP layer. The radio link control (RLC) layer functionality, media access control (MAC) layer functionality, and the physical (PHY) layer functionality are located in the DU 202.
[0062] Persons skilled in the art would understand that the split RAN architecture shown in Figure 2 is only an example, which may evolve along 3GPP evolvement. For example, in some cases in the future, the RRC layer may relocated in the DU.
[0063] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating handover procedures respectively triggered by different manners in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Herein, for simplification and clarity, no time gap due to delay etc., between the network side and UE side are considered.
[0064] Referring to Figure 3, it is assumed that a handover procedure shown in case (a) is triggered only based on actual measurements, e.g., actual L3 measurements, while a handover procedure shown in case (b) and that shown in case (c) are triggered based on both actual measurements and predicted measurements, e.g., actual L3 measurements and predicted L3 measurements. T is the TTT duration or length for claiming or determining a radio event. At time t1, the network, e.g., a RAN node receives a prediction report (or measurement prediction report or prediction measurement report or the like) indicating a predicted radio event, e.g., a predicted RRM Event A3 will happen at time (t2+T) , wherein t2 is the time when the entering condition of the predicted radio event is predicted to be fulfilled (or satisfied) , that is, it is predicted that at time (t2+T) , the entering condition of the predicted radio event will have been fulfilled in the past TTT duration since time t2. It is also assumed that, an entering condition for a radio event, e.g., RRM Event A3 based on actual measurements is fulfilled at time t3 in cases (a) , (b) and (c) . The shown predicted radio event and actual radio event are associated with or corresponding to each other.
[0065] More specifically, in case (a) , according to a legacy handover procedure, e.g., a legacy L3 handover procedure, the RAN node may start the handover preparation at time t4 when the entering condition of a radio event, e.g., RRM Event A3 has been fulfilled in the past TTT duration since time t3. After the handover preparation, the RAN node may trigger the handover (or handover execution at the UE side) at time t5.
[0066] In case (b) , according to a novel handover procedure, the RAN node may start the handover preparation at time t1 when receiving the prediction report indicating a predicted radio event, e.g., predicted RRM Event A3. However, the RAN node will not trigger the handover until an actual radio event corresponding to or associated with the predicted radio event is actually fulfilled at time t4. That is, the RAN node will not trigger the handover until at time t4 when the entering condition of the radio event based on actual measurement has been fulfilled in the past TTT duration since time t3. Thus, the handover trigger manner in case (b) may be a little conservative. Although compared with the handover procedure shown in case (a) , the handover procedure shown in case (b) can save the time for handover preparation, it may still lead to a too late handover if the link quality to the old or source serving cell becomes poor when the radio event is triggered, and cannot ensure improved user experience.
[0067] In case (c) , similar to the handover procedure shown in case (b) , the RAN node may start the handover preparation at time t1 when receiving the prediction report indicating a predicted radio event. To further facilitate the handover, the RAN node may trigger the handover at the time t3 when the entering condition of an actual radio event corresponding to the predicted radio event is satisfied. However, the handover trigger manner in case (c) may be a little aggressive. If the prediction is not accurate enough, the link quality to a new or target cell may actually degrade even though it was predicted to be good in the future, which may lead to a too early handover and wrong handover decision.
[0068] In accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure, the network side may configure the UE to indicate or report that a previously predicted radio event, e.g., L1 / L3 measurement event is going to happen before the L1 / L3 measurement event is actually fulfilled, e.g., before time t4 shown in Figure 3 based on certain conditions (referred to as conditions to trigger pre-event reporting or the like) . Such a configuration may be referred to as a configuration of pre-event reporting (or configuration of pre-event indication or the like) . Regarding the expression "L1 / L3 measurement event is actually fulfilled" or the like, it means an actual L1 / L3 measurement event is fulfilled or determined, that is, the entering condition of an L1 / L3 measurement event based on actual measurements has been fulfilled in the corresponding TTT duration.
[0069] Some exemplary implementations of the present disclosure based on the configuration of pre-event reporting are illustrated in the following in view of Figure 4, which illustrates an example of handover procedure in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, which is similar to a L3 handover or L1 / L2 triggered mobility (LTM) or the like.
[0070] Referring to Figure 4, the network side, e.g., a RAN node or NE (hereinafter, first RAN node) , e.g., RAN#1 may configure or determine a prediction report related configuration for a UE. An exemplary prediction report related configuration may configure the UE to predict a certain L1 / L3 measurement event in a certain prediction time window (or prediction window) , and report the related prediction results and / or measurement results to the first RAN node if a configured radio event is predicted to happen (e.g., within the prediction time window, the entering condition of the L1 / L3 measurement event is predicted to have been fulfilled in the corresponding TTT duration) . A prediction report may be a measurement report only related to prediction measurements and events, e.g., indicating the prediction events and / or prediction measurement results; or as a part of a measurement report related to both prediction and actual measurements and events, e.g., indicating the actual events and / or actual measurement results and the prediction events and / or prediction measurement results.
[0071] The first RAN node, e.g., RAN#1 may also configure or determine a configuration of pre-event reporting for a UE, and send the configuration of pre-event reporting to the UE at step 401, e.g., via a RRC message (e.g., RRC reconfiguration message or the like) . In some cases, the configuration of pre-event reporting may be a part of prediction report related configuration or separate from the prediction report related configuration. In some cases, the first RAN node may update the previous configuration of pre-event reporting independently or together with the prediction report related configuration.
[0072] The conditions to trigger pre-event reporting or the like in a configuration of pre-event reporting may include a single condition or multiple conditions. An exemplary condition to trigger pre-event reporting or the like may be defined at least based on the entering condition of an actual radio event associated with the predicted radio event and actual measurement results. Some exemplary conditions to trigger pre-event reporting or the like are illustrated below as examples.
[0073] An exemplary condition to trigger pre-event reporting or the like may be based on a percentage value N% (0<N<100) of a TTT duration T of the actual radio event, wherein pre-event reporting will be triggered if an entering condition of the actual radio event based on actual measurement results has been be fulfilled for a time of T*N%.
[0074] Another exemplary condition to trigger pre-event reporting or the like may be based on a time duration value T1 smaller than a TTT duration T of the actual radio event, wherein pre-event reporting will be triggered if an entering condition of the actual radio event based on actual measurement results has been be fulfilled for a time T1 from the start of the TTT duration.
[0075] Yet another exemplary condition to trigger pre-event reporting or the like may be based on a time duration value T2 smaller than a TTT duration T of the actual radio event, wherein pre-event reporting will be triggered if an entering condition of the actual radio event based on actual measurement results has been be fulfilled for a time (T-T2) from the start of the TTT duration.
[0076] Further another exemplary condition to trigger pre-event reporting or the like may be based a time offset value Toffset, wherein pre-event reporting will be triggered if a time difference |T”-T’| between time T’, e.g., t3 shown in Figure 3 when an entering condition of the actual radio event based on actual measurement results is fulfilled and time T”, e.g., t2 shown in Figure 3 when an entering condition of the predicted radio event is predicted to be fulfilled is less than the time offset value Toffset, i.e., |T”-T’|<Toffset.
[0077] In some cases, the configuration of pre-event reporting or the like may further include information associated with a predicted radio event, e.g., information to identify a predicted radio event that was reported to the network side (apreviously predicted radio event) by a prediction report. An exemplary information associated with a predicted radio event may indicate one or multiple of: an actual measurement identifier (ID, or index) (e.g., an actual measurement ID) that represents a set of actual measurement configurations related to a prediction report associated with a previously predicted radio event, a measurement object identifier (e.g., a cell ID or beam ID) that represents an object related to a prediction report associated with the previously predicted radio event, a prediction measurement identifier (e.g., a prediction measurement ID) that represents a set of prediction measurement configuration related to a prediction report associated with the previously predicted radio event, or an event identifier (e.g., an actual event ID, which may be identical with or different from that of a predicted event) that represents an actual radio event associated with the previously predicted radio event.
[0078] Based on the prediction report related configuration, the UE performs measurement and event prediction. When the UE predicts a radio event, e.g., a configured L1 / L3 measurement event is going to happen within a prediction time window, the UE may trigger and send a prediction report, e.g., a RRC measurement report or MAC CE measurement report or the like, to the first RAN node at step 403, indicating or reporting to the first RAN node the predicted radio event explicitly or implicitly. For example, the UE may report at least the prediction measurement results in the prediction report (e.g., predicted L1 / L3 beam / cell level measurement results in RSRP in the current prediction window) , so that the first RAN node can determine that a radio event is predicted to happen in a time within the prediction window. The corresponding actual measurement results (e.g., L1 / L3 beam / cell level measurement results in RSRP) may also be reported to the first RAN node with the prediction report.
[0079] Considering the predicted radio event, at step 405, the first RAN node (will be a source RAN node in the following handover of the UE) may initiate a handover preparation procedure from the current serving cell (the source cell) towards another cell (the target cell) , which may belong to the first RAN node or not. Herein, for comprehensive illustration, it is assumed that the target cell belongs to a different RAN node, e.g., second RAN node, e.g., RAN#2 (will be a target RAN node in the following handover of the UE) . For example, the first RAN node will send a handover request message to the second RAN node, which may include an indication implying the concerned handover is for a possible handover in the future, and / or the expected execution time of the concerned handover (e.g., the time when the predicted radio event time may happen) etc.
[0080] After receiving the handover request, the second RAN node may generate a handover related configuration, e.g., target cell configuration and provide the generated target cell configuration to the first RAN node at step 407, e.g., in a handover acknowledge message. In some cases, the second RAN node may also generate a handover command and send the handover related configuration to the first RAN node with the handover command.
[0081] After receiving the handover related configuration, the first RAN node may directly send it to the UE at step 408 without considering whether a pre-event report or the like is received. In some other cases, the first RAN node may send the received handover related configuration to the UE until a pre-event report or the like is received.
[0082] At the UE side, after reporting the predicted radio event to the first RAN node, the UE may continue evaluating the radio event at least based on actual measurements at step 409, e.g., only based on actual measurement results or a combination of actual measurement results and prediction results. The actual measurement results may be L1 / L3 beam / cell level measurement results in RSRP of the cells related to the previous prediction report or predicted radio event. The prediction results may be predicted L1 / L3 beam / cell level measurement results in RSRP in the current prediction window of the cells related to the previous prediction report or predicted radio event.
[0083] The UE may evaluate the previously reported predicted radio event based on the actual measurements and conditions to trigger pre-event reporting to determine whether the predicted radio event will happen before an actual radio event associated with the predicted radio event is fulfilled. If the UE determines that the predicted radio event will happen before an actual radio event associated with the predicted radio event is fulfilled, the UE may determine to indicate that to the first RAN node, e.g., by sending a pre-event report via RRC message or a MAC CE or UCI or other uplink message.
[0084] Herein, it is assumed that the evaluation results show that the predicted radio event will happen before an actual radio event associated with the predicted radio event is fulfilled, and the UE sends a pre-event report to the first RAN node the at step 411. The pre-event report may include an indication or indicator indicating that the previously reported predicted radio event will happen.
[0085] Similar to the conditions to trigger pre-event reporting or the like, the pre-event report may also include information to identify the predicted radio event that was reported to the network side (apreviously predicted radio event) , which is associated with the indication in the pre-event report. Details on the information to identify the predicted radio event in the pre-event report are identical or similar to that in the configuration of pre-event reporting, and thus will not repeat.
[0086] In some cases, the pre-event reporting or the like may also include the related actual measurement results and / or prediction measurement results, e.g., one or multiple of actual measurement results of beams and / or cells related to the predicted radio event or predicted measurement results of the beams and / or cells related to the predicted radio event etc.
[0087] After receiving the pre-event report or the like, the first RAN node may decide to trigger the handover for the UE from the current serving cell to the second cell. In the case that the first RAN node has sent the handover related configuration, e.g., the target cell configuration to the UE at step 408, the first RAN node may further send a handover command to the UE at step 413, e.g., via an L1 / L2 signaling or the like, which may be a MAC CE containing the handover command. In the case that the first RAN node did not send the target cell configuration to the UE at step 408, the first RAN node may send the handover related configuration with the handover command to the UE at step 413, e.g., via a RRC reconfiguration message or the like.
[0088] Based on the received handover command and handover related configuration, the UE may execute the handover and connects to the second RAN node at step 415.
[0089] In some implementation of the present disclosure, the UE may be further configured to stop prediction reporting and even the relevant prediction after sending the pre-event report. If only prediction reporting is stopped, the UE may still perform prediction but not trigger any prediction report. The stopped stop prediction reporting and even the relevant prediction may be part or all of the measurement and event prediction and prediction reporting at the UE, or only related to the specific one (s) associated with the previous prediction report for the previously reported predicted radio event.
[0090] In some implementation of the present disclosure, for part or all of the stopped prediction reporting and even the relevant prediction (if any) , the UE may restart it again after a certain time, e.g., based on a timer configured for the UE.
[0091] Similarly, in some cases, the UE may stop actual measurements and even reporting, e.g., in the current serving cell after sending the pre-event report. The UE may restart the stopped actual measurements and even reporting after a certain time.
[0092] In accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure, the network side may configure the UE to trigger or execute a handover before the corresponding L1 / L3 measurement event is actually fulfilled, e.g., before time t4 shown in Figure 3 based on certain conditions (referred to as conditions to trigger handover or conditions to execute handover or the like) . Such a configuration may be referred to as a configuration of pre-event handover trigger or configuration of pre-event handover execution or the like.
[0093] Exemplary implementations of the present disclosure based on the configuration of pre-event handover trigger are illustrated in the following in view of Figure 5, which illustrates another example of handover procedure in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, which is similar to a conditional handover or the like.
[0094] Referring to Figure 5, similar to Figure 4, the network side, e.g., a RAN node or NE (hereinafter, first RAN node) , e.g., RAN#1 may configure or determine a prediction report related configuration for a UE. Based on the prediction report related configuration, the UE map perform measurement and event prediction. When the UE predicts a radio event, e.g., a configured L1 / L3 measurement event is going to happen within a prediction time window, the UE may trigger and send a prediction report, e.g., a RRC measurement report or MAC CE measurement report or the like, to the first RAN node at step 503, indicating or reporting to the first RAN node the predicted radio event explicitly or implicitly.
[0095] In some cases, the first RAN node may also send the configuration of pre-event handover trigger to the UE with or separate from the prediction report related configuration at step 501, e.g., via a RRC message (e.g., RRC reconfiguration message or the like) before receiving a prediction report at step 503. In some cases, the first RAN node may send the configuration of pre-event handover trigger to the UE at step 509 after receiving a prediction report at step 503. In some cases, the first RAN node may update the previously configured configuration of pre-event handover trigger. For example, the first RAN node may send the configuration of pre-event handover trigger to the UE at step 501 and then update the configuration of pre-event handover trigger at step 509.
[0096] The conditions to trigger handover or the like in a configuration of pre-event handover trigger may include a single condition or multiple conditions. An exemplary condition to trigger handover or the like may be defined at least based on the entering condition of the actual radio event associated with the predicted radio event and actual measurement results. Some exemplary conditions to trigger handover or the like are illustrated below as examples.
[0097] In some cases, an exemplary condition to trigger handover or the like may be based on a percentage value, N% (0<N<100) of a TTT duration, T of the associated radio event, wherein a handover will be triggered or executed if an entering condition of the associated radio event based on actual measurement results has been be fulfilled for a time of T*N%.
[0098] Another exemplary condition to trigger handover or the like may be based on a time duration value, T1 smaller than a TTT duration of the associated radio event, wherein a handover will be triggered or executed if an entering condition of the associated radio event based on actual measurement results has been be fulfilled for a time T1 from the start of the TTT duration.
[0099] Yet another exemplary condition to trigger handover or the like may be based on a time duration value, T2 smaller than a TTT duration, T of the associated radio event, wherein a handover will be triggered or executed if an entering condition of the associated radio event based on actual measurement results has been be fulfilled for a time (T-T2) from the start of the TTT duration.
[0100] Further another exemplary condition to trigger handover or the like may be based on a time offset value Toffset, wherein pre-event reporting will be triggered or executed if a time difference |T”-T’| between time T’ when an entering condition of the associated radio event based on actual measurement results is fulfilled and time T” when an entering condition of the predicted radio event is predicted to be fulfilled is less than the time offset value Toffset.
[0101] In some cases, the configuration of pre-event handover trigger or the like may further include information associated with a predicted radio event, e.g., information to identify a predicted radio event that was reported to the network side (apreviously predicted radio event) by a prediction report, which are similar or identical to that illustrated in view of configuration of pre-event reporting, and thus will not repeat.
[0102] Similarly, at the first RAN node side, after receiving the predicted radio event via a prediction report at step 503, the first RAN node (will be a source RAN node in the following handover of the UE) may initiate a handover preparation procedure from the current serving cell (the source cell) towards another cell (the target cell) at step 505, which may belong to the first RAN node or not. Herein, for comprehensive illustration, it is assumed that the target cell belongs to a different RAN node, e.g., second RAN node, e.g., RAN#2 (will be a target RAN node in the following handover of the UE) .
[0103] After receiving the handover request, the second RAN node may generate a handover related configuration and provide the generated handover related configuration to the first RAN node at step 507, e.g., in a handover acknowledge message. The second RAN node may send the handover related configuration to the UE at step 509. As stated above, in some cases, the second RAN node may also send the configuration of pre-event handover trigger or the like (original or updated) to the UE, together with or separate from the handover related configuration, e.g., before or after sending the handover related configuration (after step 503) .
[0104] At the UE side, after reporting the predicted radio event to the first RAN node, the UE may continue evaluating the radio event at least based on actual measurements at step 511 similar to step 409. The UE may evaluate the previously reported predicted radio event based on the actual measurements and conditions to trigger handover to determine whether to trigger a handover before an actual radio event associated with the predicted radio event is fulfilled. If the conditions to trigger handover are satisfied based on the evaluation results, the UE may determine to trigger the handover before an actual radio event associated with the predicted radio event is fulfilled, and execute the handover and connects to the second RAN node at step 513 based on the handover related configuration.
[0105] Compared with legacy handover procedure and those illustrated in cases (b) and (c) in Figure 3, a handover illustrated in view of Figures 4 and 5 will be triggered based on a predicted radio event and actual measurements before an actual radio event is fulfilled, and thus can balance the prediction accuracy and handover efficiency.
[0106] Persons skilled in the art would understand that there may be multiple cells associated with one or multiple predicted radio events, and the single predicted radio event and cell are only illustrated as an example. The source RAN node and / or UE would determine to switch to which one of multiple candidate cells as legacy and will not illustrate herein.
[0107] However, in some cases, a handover based on the predicted radio event, e.g., as that illustrated in view of Figures 4 and 5 may fail or a radio link failure may happen before such a handover based on the predicted radio event is triggered, UE may attempt connecting to a new cell (which can be the same cell as the old cell or not) , and store and report the measurement and event prediction in a handover failure report (or failure report or the like) to the new cell. The handover failure report may be an existing report (e.g., RLF report) or in a new report compared with the existing report, including but not limited to part or all of the following: an indication concerning that a failure happens after a radio event prediction is reported and before handover execution; an indication concerning that a failure happens after reporting that a previously reported predicted radio event will happen and before handover execution; an indication concerning that a failure happens during handover execution after receiving a handover command from network; an indication concerning that a failure happens during handover execution after conditions for triggering the handover based on the predicted radio event are satisfied; configuration related to handover trigger; an indication concerning the handover based on the predicted radio event; time elapsed between starting evaluation (e.g., whether to trigger a pre-event report or whether to trigger a handover) till failure happens; time elapsed between the predicted radio event is reported and the handover is executed; time elapsed between starting evaluation till triggering the handover; and last actual measurement results, e.g., L1 / L3 measurement results related to concerned serving cell and neighbor cells.
[0108] In a split RAN architecture, after receiving the handover failure report from the UE, the CU may perform an initial analysis and send the handover failure report to the associated DU for root cause analysis, e.g., whether it is too early trigger of handover, or it is the wrong conditions to trigger the handover (e.g., wrong condition to trigger handover) . In some cases, it is the CU rather than DU to perform the root cause analysis. The CU may send the root cause to the DU together with or without the handover failure report.
[0109] Figure 6 illustrates an example of a UE 600 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The UE 600 may include a processor 602, a memory 604, a controller 606, and a transceiver 608. The processor 602, the memory 604, the controller 606, or the transceiver 608, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.
[0110] The processor 602, the memory 604, the controller 606, or the transceiver 608, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.
[0111] The processor 602 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 602 may be configured to operate the memory 604. In some other implementations, the memory 604 may be integrated into the processor 602. The processor 602 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 604 to cause the UE 600 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0112] The memory 604 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 604 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 602 cause the UE 600 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such the memory 604 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.
[0113] In some implementations, the processor 602 and the memory 604 coupled with the processor 602 may be configured to cause the UE 600 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 602, instructions stored in the memory 604) . For example, the processor 602 may support wireless communication at the UE 600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The UE 600 may be configured to support a means for receiving from a NE, a configuration related to handover trigger; a means for evaluating a predicted radio event reported to the NE based on actual measurement results and the configuration related to handover trigger; and a means for determining, based on evaluation results, whether to indicate to the NE that the predicted radio event will happen or whether to trigger a handover before an actual radio event associated with the predicted radio event is fulfilled.
[0114] The controller 606 may manage input and output signals for the UE 600. The controller 606 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the UE 600. In some implementations, the controller 606 may utilize an operating system such as or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 606 may be implemented as part of the processor 602.
[0115] In some implementations, the UE 600 may include at least one transceiver 608. In some other implementations, the UE 600 may have more than one transceiver 608. The transceiver 608 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 608 may include one or more receiver chains 610, one or more transmitter chains 612, or a combination thereof.
[0116] A receiver chain 610 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 610 may include one or more antennas for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 610 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 610 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 610 may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0117] A transmitter chain 612 may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmitter chain 612 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmitter chain 612 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 612 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0118] Figure 7 illustrates an example of a processor 700 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 700 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 700 may include a controller 702 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 700 may optionally include at least one memory 704, which may be, for example, an L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 700 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 706. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0119] The processor 700 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0120] The controller 702 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 700 to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 702 may operate as a control unit of the processor 700, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 700. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0121] The controller 702 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 704 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 702 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 704. The controller 702 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 702 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 700 to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 702 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 700. The controller 702 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 700.
[0122] The memory 704 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 700 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 704 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 700) . In some other implementations, the memory 704 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 700) .
[0123] The memory 704 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 700, cause the processor 700 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 702 and / or the processor 700 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 704 to cause the processor 700 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 700 and / or the controller 702 may be coupled with or to the memory 704, the processor 700, the controller 702, and the memory 704 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 700 may include multiple processors and the memory 704 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0124] The one or more ALUs 706 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 706 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 706 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) . One or more ALUs 706 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 706 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 706 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 706 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 706 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0125] The processor 700 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 700 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving from a NE, a configuration related to handover trigger; a means for evaluating a predicted radio event reported to the NE based on actual measurement results and the configuration related to handover trigger; and a means for determining, based on evaluation results, whether to indicate to the NE that the predicted radio event will happen or whether to trigger a handover before an actual radio event associated with the predicted radio event is fulfilled.
[0126] Figure 8 illustrates an example of a NE 800 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The NE 800 may include a processor 802, a memory 804, a controller 806, and a transceiver 808. The processor 802, the memory 804, the controller 806, or the transceiver 808, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.
[0127] The processor 802, the memory 804, the controller 806, or the transceiver 808, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.
[0128] The processor 802 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 802 may be configured to operate the memory 804. In some other implementations, the memory 804 may be integrated into the processor 802. The processor 802 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 804 to cause the NE 800 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0129] The memory 804 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 804 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 802 cause the NE 800 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such the memory 804 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.
[0130] In some implementations, the processor 802 and the memory 804 coupled with the processor 802 may be configured to cause the NE 800 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 802, instructions stored in the memory 804) . For example, the processor 802 may support wireless communication at the NE 800 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The NE 800 may be configured to support a means for starting handover preparation for a UE in response to receiving from the UE a prediction report indicating a predicted radio event; and a means for sending, to the UE, a configuration related to handover trigger before or after receiving the prediction report, so that the UE will evaluate the predicted radio event based on actual measurement results and the configuration related to handover trigger to determine whether to indicate to the NE that the predicted radio event will happen or whether to execute a handover before an actual radio event associated with the predicted radio event is fulfilled.
[0131] The controller 806 may manage input and output signals for the NE 800. The controller 806 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the NE 800. In some implementations, the controller 806 may utilize an operating system such as or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 806 may be implemented as part of the processor 802.
[0132] In some implementations, the NE 800 may include at least one transceiver 808. In some other implementations, the NE 800 may have more than one transceiver 808. The transceiver 808 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 808 may include one or more receiver chains 810, one or more transmitter chains 812, or a combination thereof.
[0133] A receiver chain 810 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 810 may include one or more antennas for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 810 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 810 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 810 may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0134] A transmitter chain 812 may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmitter chain 812 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmitter chain 812 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 812 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0135] Figure 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method may be implemented by a UE as described herein. In some implementations, the UE may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the UE to perform the described functions.
[0136] At step 901, the method may include receiving from a NE, a configuration related to handover trigger. The operations of step 901 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 901 may be performed by a UE as described with reference to Figure 6.
[0137] At step 903, the method may include evaluating a predicted radio event reported to the NE based on actual measurement results and the configuration related to handover trigger. The operations of step 903 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of step 903 may be performed by a UE as described with reference to Figure 6.
[0138] At step 905, the method may include determining, based on evaluation results, whether to indicate to the NE that the predicted radio event will happen or whether to trigger a handover before an actual radio event associated with the predicted radio event is fulfilled. The operations of step 905 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of step 905 may be performed by a UE as described with reference to Figure 6.
[0139] It should be noted that the method described herein describes a possible implementation, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible.
[0140] Figure 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method may be implemented by a NE as described herein. In some implementations, the NE may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the NE to perform the described functions.
[0141] At step 1001, the method may include starting handover preparation for a UE in response to receiving from the UE a prediction report indicating a predicted radio event. The operations of step 1001 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of step 1001 may be performed by a NE as described with reference to Figure 8.
[0142] At step 1003, the method may include sending, to the UE, a configuration related to handover trigger before or after receiving the prediction report, so that the UE will evaluate the predicted radio event based on actual measurement results and the configuration related to handover trigger to determine whether to indicate to the NE that the predicted radio event will happen or whether to execute a handover before an actual radio event associated with the predicted radio event is fulfilled. The operations of step 1003 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of step 1003 may be performed by a NE as described with reference to Figure 8.
[0143] It should be noted that the method described herein describes a possible implementation, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible.
[0144] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the UE to:receive from a network equipment (NE) , a configuration related to handover trigger;evaluate a predicted radio event reported to the NE based on actual measurement results and the configuration related to handover trigger; anddetermine, based on evaluation results, whether to indicate to the NE that the predicted radio event will happen or whether to trigger a handover before an actual radio event associated with the predicted radio event is fulfilled.2.The UE of claim 1, wherein the configuration related to handover trigger is a configuration of pre-event reporting, configuring the UE to determine whether to send a pre-event report indicating that a previously reported predicted radio event will happen before an associated radio event is actually fulfilled.3.The UE of claim 2, wherein the configuration of pre-event reporting comprises conditions to trigger pre-event reporting, indicating one or multiple of:a percentage value N%of a time to trigger (TTT) duration T of the associated radio event, wherein pre-event reporting will be triggered if an entering condition of the associated radio event based on actual measurement results has been be fulfilled for a time of T*N%; ora time duration value T1 smaller than a TTT duration T of the associated radio event, wherein pre-event reporting will be triggered if an entering condition of the associated radio event based on actual measurement results has been be fulfilled for a time T1 from start of the TTT duration; ora time duration value T2 smaller than a TTT duration T of the associated radio event, wherein pre-event reporting will be triggered if an entering condition of the associated radio event based on actual measurement results has been be fulfilled for a time (T-T2) from start of the TTT duration; ora time offset value Toffset, wherein pre-event reporting will be triggered if a time difference |T”-T’| between time T’ when an entering condition of the associated radio event based on actual measurement results is fulfilled and time T” when an entering condition of the predicted radio event is predicted to be fulfilled is less than the time offset value Toffset.4.The UE of claim 2, wherein in the case of determining to send a pre-event report to the NE, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the UE to:send the pre-event report in a radio resource control (RRC) message or a media access control (MAC) control element (CE) or a uplink control information (UCI) .5.The UE of claim 2, wherein the pre-event report comprises an identifier associated with the previously predicted radio event, and one or multiple of actual measurement results of beams and / or cells related to the predicted radio event or predicted measurement results of the beams and / or cells related to the predicted radio event.6.The UE of claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is configured to further cause the UE to:stop one or multiple of actual measurements for event evaluation, actual measurement result reporting, prediction measurements or predicted measurement result reporting after sending the pre-event report.7.The UE of claim 6, wherein the at least one processor is configured to further cause the UE to:restart one or multiple of stopped actual measurements, stopped actual measurement result reporting, stopped prediction measurements or stopped predicted measurement result reporting.8.The UE of claim 1, wherein the configuration related to handover trigger is a configuration of pre-event handover trigger, configuring the UE to determine whether to trigger a handover based on a previously predicted radio event before an associated radio event is actually fulfilled.9.The UE of claim 8, wherein the configuration of pre-event handover trigger comprises conditions to trigger handover, indicating one or multiple of:a percentage value, N%of a time to trigger (TTT) duration, T of the associated radio event, wherein a handover will be triggered if an entering condition of the associated radio event based on actual measurement results has been be fulfilled for a time of T*N%; ora time duration value, T1 smaller than a TTT duration of the associated radio event, wherein a handover will be triggered if an entering condition of the associated radio event based on actual measurement results has been be fulfilled for a time T1 from start of the TTT duration; ora time duration value, T2 smaller than a TTT duration, T of the associated radio event, wherein a handover will be triggered if an entering condition of the associated radio event based on actual measurement results has been be fulfilled for a time (T-T2) from start of the TTT duration ora time offset value Toffset, wherein pre-event reporting will be triggered if a time difference |T”-T’| between time T’ when an entering condition of the associated radio event based on actual measurement results is fulfilled and time T” when an entering condition of the predicted radio event is predicted to be fulfilled is less than the time offset value Toffset.10.The UE of claim 1, wherein the configuration related to handover trigger further comprises information associated with the previously predicted radio event, indicating:an actual measurement identifier that represents a set of actual measurement configurations related to a prediction report associated with the previously predicted radio event;a measurement object identifier that represents an object related to a prediction report associated with the previously predicted radio event;a prediction measurement identifier that represents a set of prediction measurement configuration related to a prediction report associated with the previously predicted radio event; oran event identifier that represents an actual radio event associated with the previously predicted radio event.11.The UE of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to further cause the UE to:send a handover failure report to the NE in response to a handover based on the predicted radio event fails or radio link failure happens before a handover based on the predicted radio event is triggered, indicating one or multiple of:an indication concerning that a failure happens after a radio event prediction is reported and before handover execution;an indication concerning that a failure happens after reporting that a previously reported predicted radio event will happen and before handover execution;an indication concerning that a failure happens during handover execution after receiving a handover command from network;an indication concerning that a failure happens during handover execution after conditions for triggering the handover based on the predicted radio event are satisfied;configuration related to handover trigger;an indication concerning the handover based on the predicted radio event;time elapsed between starting evaluation till failure happens;time elapsed between the predicted radio event is reported and the handover is executed;time elapsed between starting evaluation till triggering the handover;last actual measurement results related to concerned serving cell and neighbor cells.12.A processor for wireless communication, comprising:at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to:receive from a network equipment (NE) , a configuration related to handover trigger;evaluate a predicted radio event reported to the NE based on actual measurement results and the configuration related to handover trigger; anddetermine, based on evaluation results, whether to indicate to the NE that the predicted radio event will happen or whether to trigger a handover before an actual radio event associated with the predicted radio event is fulfilled.13.A network equipment (NE) for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the NE to:start handover preparation for a user equipment (UE) in response to receiving from the UE a prediction report indicating a predicted radio event; andsend, to the UE, a configuration related to handover trigger before or after receiving the prediction report, so that the UE will evaluate the predicted radio event based on actual measurement results and the configuration related to handover trigger to determine whether to indicate to the NE that the predicted radio event will happen or whether to execute a handover before an actual radio event associated with the predicted radio event is fulfilled.14.The NE of claim 13, wherein the configuration related to handover trigger is a configuration of pre-event reporting, configuring the UE to determine whether to send a pre-event report indicating that a previously reported predicted radio event will happen before an associated radio event is actually fulfilled, and the at least one processor is configured to further cause the NE to:send to the UE handover related configuration with a handover command in response to receiving a pre-event report indicating that the predicted radio event will happen; orsend to the UE handover related configuration after receiving the prediction report and before receiving a pre-event report indicating that the predicted radio event will happen, and send to the UE a handover command in response to receiving the pre-event report.15.The NE of claim 14, wherein the configuration of pre-event reporting is sent to the UE within or separate from prediction report related configuration.16.The NE of claim 13, wherein the configuration related to handover trigger is a configuration of pre-event handover trigger, configuring the UE to determine whether to trigger a handover based on a previously predicted radio event before an associated radio event is actually fulfilled, and the at least one processor is configured to further cause the NE to:send to the UE the configuration of pre-event handover trigger before, together or after sending handover related configuration.17.The NE of claim 16, wherein the at least one processor is configured to further cause the NE to:send to the UE updated configuration of pre-event handover trigger.18.The NE of claim 13, comprising a central unit (CU) and one or multiple distributed units (DUs) , wherein the at least one processor is configured to further cause the CU to:receive a handover failure report from the UE; andperform initial analysis based on the handover failure report.19.The NE of claim 18, wherein the at least one processor is configured to further cause the CU to:perform root cause analysis and send analyzed root causes to an associated DU; orsend the handover failure report to an associated DU for root cause analysis.20.A method performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising:receiving from a network equipment (NE) , a configuration related to handover trigger;evaluating a predicted radio event reported to the NE based on actual measurement results and the configuration related to handover trigger; anddetermining, based on evaluation results, whether to indicate to the NE that the predicted radio event will happen or whether to trigger a handover before an actual radio event associated with the predicted radio event is fulfilled.
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