Self-stabilizing linker conjugates
Self-stabilizing linker conjugates address the instability of maleimide-based ADCs by enabling site-specific DAR4 conjugation under mild conditions, enhancing stability and homogeneity, and improving therapeutic efficacy.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/113490
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-08-09
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) face issues with maleimide-based linkers that undergo reversible reactions, leading to unintended thiol transfer and instability under physiological conditions, affecting their stability and efficacy.
Development of self-stabilizing linker conjugates that utilize maleimide hydrolysis under mild conditions, allowing for site-specific DAR4 conjugation through maleimide ring-opening and nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr), resulting in stable and homogeneous ADCs without the need for harsh buffer exchanges.
The self-stabilizing linker conjugates enhance ADC stability and homogeneity, reducing aggregation and maintaining binding affinity and half-life, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025113490_12022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SELF-STABILIZING LINKER CONJUGATES1. CROSS-REFERENC TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority to PCT Application No. PCT / CN2024 / 111002, filed on August 9, 2024, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 2. REFERENCE TO ELECTRONIC SEQUENCE LISTING
[0002] This application includes a Sequence Listing in XML format that is submitted electronically herewith and the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference. The Sequence Listing is entitled “B240601C_SEQ_LISTING_ST26. xml” , has a file size of 3, 411 bytes, and was created on July 12, 2025.3. FIELD
[0003] Provided herein are antibody drug conjugate platforms and antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) comprising the platforms and an antibody, or antigen-binding fragment thereof, as well as uses of the ADC platforms and ADCs.4. BACKGROUND
[0004] The antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) field has made significant progress with the advancement of many ADCs in the clinic. The linker component of ADCs is one important feature in developing optimized therapeutic agents that are highly active at well-tolerated doses. The electrophilic maleimide functional group has proven useful in the preparation of ADCs due to its high degree of specificity for reacting with thiol groups and the fast thiol addition kinetics under gentle conditions.
[0005] As has been noted by multiple investigators in the bioconjugate field, the thio-substituted product of the reaction between the electrophilic maleimide functional group and a free thiol of an antibody is subject to slow elimination, thus reversing the reaction.
[0006] When this reversible reaction occurs in a purified preparation of an ADC, the reaction is largely undetectable because the maleimide and thiol that are regenerated through the elimination process simply react again, thus reforming the intact conjugate. However, when other thiols are present, the net effect can be the transfer of the maleimide from the antibody of the ADC onto any other available thiol. This process has been documented to occur in plasma, in which the maleimide of an ADC transfers to cysteine 34 of serum albumin (Alley et al., Bioconjugate Chem. 2008, 19, 759-765) . This process has also been reported when an ADC is incubated in the presence of excess cysteine or glutathione (Jununtula et al., Nature Biotech, 2012) . The present disclosure is directed to, inter alia, bioconjugates that do not undergo this transfer reaction.5. SUMMARY
[0007] Provided herein are antibody drug conjugate platforms and antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) . Also provided are uses of the ADC platforms to prepare ADCs.
[0008] In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of Formula (I) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: BA is a binding agent selected from a humanized, chimeric, or human antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; X and X’ are independently selected from: each of R1a, R1a’, R1b, R1b’, R2a, R2a’, R2b and R2b’ is, independently, H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted C3-5 cycloalkyl; L and L’ are independently selected from –C (=O) NR–, –NRC (=O) –, –NR–, –NRC (=O) –NR–, –NRC (=S) –NR–, –OC (=O) –NR–, –NR-S (=O) -NR–, –O-S (=O) -NR–, –NR-S (=O) -O–or a bond, wherein R is H, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl; or L and L’ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered or 6-membered heteroaryl, or aryl; each of m, m’, n and n’ is, independently, 0, 1, 2 or 3; B is CR’ or N, wherein R’ is H, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl; and R3 is: —Aa′—Ww′—Yy′—PA; A is a Stretcher unit; a’ is 0 or 1; W is a Cleavable unit; w’ is 0 or 1; Y is a Spacer unit; y’ is 0 or 1; PA is an optional payload residue or an optional Drug unit; and x is from 1 to 15.
[0009] In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of Formula (III) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: X and X’ are independently selected from: each of R1a, R1a’, R1b, R1b’, R2a, R2a’, R2b and R2b’ is, independently, H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted C3-5 cycloalkyl; L and L’ are independently selected from –C (=O)NR–, –NRC (=O)–, –NR–, –NRC (=O)–NR–, –NRC (=S)–NR–, –OC (=O)–NR–, –NR-S (=O) -NR–, –O-S (=O) -NR–,–NR-S (=O) -O– or a bond, wherein R is H, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl; or L and L’ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclyl; substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered or 6-membered heteroaryl or aryl; each of m, m’, n and n’ is, independently, 0, 1, 2 or 3; B is CR’ or N, wherein R’ is H, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl; and R3 is: —Aa′—Ww′—Yy′—PA; A is a Stretcher unit; a’ is 0 or 1; W is a Cleavable unit; w’ is 0 or 1; Y is a Spacer unit; y’ is 0 or 1; and PA is an optional payload residue or an optional Drug unit.
[0010] In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of Formulas (IVa) , (IVb) ,(IVc) or (IVd): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: BA is a binding agent selected from a humanized, chimeric, or human antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; A is a Stretcher unit; a’ is 0 or 1; W is a Cleavable unit; w’ is 0 or 1; Y is a Spacer unit; y’ is 0 or 1; PA is an optional payload residue or an optional Drug unit; and x is from 1 to 15.
[0011] In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of Formula (V) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: X is: each of R1a, R1b, R2a and R2b is, independently, H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted C3-5 cycloalkyl; L is selected from –C (=O) NR–, –NRC (=O) –, –NR–or a bond, wherein R is H, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl; each of m and n is, independently, 0, 1, 2 or 3; each of Y1 and Y2 is, independently, H or halogen, provided that at least one of Y1 and Y2 is halogen; B is CR’ or N, wherein R’ is H, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl; and R3 is: —Aa′—Ww′—Yy′—PA; A is a Stretcher unit; a’ is 0 or 1; W is a Cleavable unit; w’ is 0 or 1; Y is a Spacer unit; y’ is 0 or 1; and PA is an optional payload residue or an optional Drug unit.
[0012] In some embodiments, provided herein is a process for the manufacture of an ADC preparation, comprising conjugating a humanized, chimeric, or human antibody, or an antigen binding fragment thereof, with a compound provided herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0013] In some embodiments, provided herein is an ADC preparation, when manufactured according to a process provided herein.
[0014] In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use as a therapeutically active substance.
[0015] In some embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound provided herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
[0016] In some embodiments, provided herein is the use of a compound provided herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition provided herein, for the therapeutic treatment of a proliferative disease, a metabolic disease, inflammation, or a neurodegenerative disease.
[0017] In some embodiments, provided herein is the use of a compound provided herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition provided herein, for the preparation of a medicament for the therapeutic treatment of a proliferative disease, a metabolic disease, inflammation, or a neurodegenerative disease.
[0018] In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the therapeutic treatment of a proliferative disease, a metabolic disease, inflammation, or a neurodegenerative disease.
[0019] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating a proliferative disease, a metabolic disease, inflammation, or a neurodegenerative disease in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound provided herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition provided herein.
[0020] Additional objects and advantages will be set forth in part in the description that follows, and in part will be understood from the description, or may be learned by practice. The objects and advantages will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
[0021] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the claims.
[0022] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments and together with the description serve to explain the principles described herein.6. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] Figures 1A and 1B display the site-specific, inter-and intrachain, DAR4 conjugation (also referred to as Cysbridge conjugation) of an antibody, according to some embodiments.
[0024] Figure 2 displays LC-MS conjugation data of conjugator-antibody conjugate 3-1, according to some embodiments.
[0025] Figure 3 displays LC-MS conjugation data of conjugator-antibody conjugate 3-2, according to some embodiments.
[0026] Figure 4 displays LC-MS conjugation data of conjugator-antibody conjugate 3-3, according to some embodiments.
[0027] Figure 5 displays LC-MS conjugation data of conjugator-antibody conjugate 3-5, according to some embodiments.
[0028] Figure 6 displays LC-MS conjugation data of conjugator-antibody conjugate 3-6, according to some embodiments.
[0029] Figure 7 displays LC-MS conjugation data of conjugator-antibody conjugate 3-7, according to some embodiments.
[0030] Figure 8 displays LC-MS conjugation data of conjugator-antibody conjugate 3-8, according to some embodiments.
[0031] Figure 9 displays LC-MS conjugation data of conjugator-antibody conjugate 3-9, according to some embodiments.
[0032] Figure 10 displays LC-MS conjugation data of ADC 4-1, according to some embodiments.
[0033] Figure 11 displays LC-MS conjugation data of ADC 4-2, according to some embodiments.
[0034] Figure 12 displays SEC conjugation data of ADC 4-1, according to some embodiments.
[0035] Figure 13 displays SEC conjugation data of ADC 4-2, according to some embodiments.
[0036] Figure 14 displays fluorescence conjugation data of conjugator-antibody conjugate 3-3, according to some embodiments.
[0037] Figure 15 displays fluorescence conjugation data of conjugator-antibody conjugate 3-6, according to some embodiments.
[0038] Figure 16 displays SEC conjugation data of ADC 4-1, according to some embodiments.
[0039] Figures 17A and 17B display LC-MS conjugation data of ADC 4-1, according to some embodiments.
[0040] Figure 18 displays SEC conjugation data of ADC 4-2, according to some embodiments.
[0041] Figures 19A, 19B and 19C display LC-MS conjugation data of ADC 4-2, according to some embodiments.7. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0042] Provided herein are antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) , conjugators, covalent linkers and linker-payloads (platforms) for making ADCs. In some embodiments, the ADCs may be used to treat a disease or disorder, such as cancer, such as by providing a composition comprising an ADC. In some embodiments, the ADCs are more stable than known ADCs. In some embodiments, the conjugates do not undergo a transfer reaction as described herein. In some embodiments, the ADCs result from site-specific DAR4 conjugation, i.e., Cysbridge conjugation, as shown in Figures 1A and 1B. In some embodiments, the ADCs have increased homogeneity and increased stability as compared to ADCs resulting from random cysteine conjugation. In some embodiments, the ADCs have the antibody’s interchains are still covalently linked.
[0043] In some embodiments, methods are provided herein allow for site-specific DAR4 conjugation, i.e., Cysbridge conjugation, with a native antibody, i.e., without site-directed mutation or introduction of unnatural amino acids, which are usually used to create antibody binding sites. In some embodiments, methods provided herein are used for site-specific conjugation of the interchain disulfide bonds of an antibody. In some embodiments, methods provided herein include maleimide ring-opening upon conjugation and / or nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) to result, for example, in stable and site-specific DAR4 conjugation.
[0044] Some ADCs, such as those using interchain cysteine conjugation with a maleimide-based linker-payload, are known to undergo deconjugation under physiological conditions due to a retro-maleimide reaction. ADCs employing self-hydrolyzing maleimides have shown improved stability and pharmacological properties. In one example, conjugator-antibody conjugate 3-3 (see Table 3 below) underwent maleimide hydrolysis under pH 9.0 in one to three days. However, under such harsh conditions, post-translational modifications (e.g., oxidation) and deamination may occur on some antibodies, which may result in changes to physical properties, such as hydrophobicity, charge, and secondary and / or tertiary structure, and may lower the thermodynamic or kinetic barrier to unfold. Such changes may predispose an ADC to aggregation and other chemical modifications, which can alter the binding affinity, half-life, and efficacy of the ADC.
[0045] In some embodiments, compounds provided herein are conjugator-antibody conjugates that can readily undergo maleimide hydrolysis under mild conditions (e.g., pH 7.0) . The presently disclosed conjugators are not only conjugated with an antibody under conventional conditions (e.g., pH 6.5-7.0) but also maleimide hydrolysis can occur under conjugation conditions. Buffer exchange into a basic buffer for hydrolysis is not required. Adding a quenching reagent can be sufficient to stop the conjugation reaction. The presently disclosed conjugates can be subjected to buffer exchange into formulation buffer after maleimide hydrolysis is completed by monitoring via reduced LCMS. The presently disclosed conjugator-antibody conjugates can undergo maleimide ring-opening upon conjugation and / or nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) to result, for example, in stable and site-specific DAR4 conjugation.
[0046] In some embodiments, provided herein are compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, for use as therapeutically active substances. 7.1. Definitions
[0047] In the present disclosure, the following terms have the following meanings unless indicated otherwise. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. In the event that there is a plurality of definitions for a term provided herein, these Definitions prevail unless stated otherwise.
[0048] The term “antibody” herein is used in the broadest sense and specifically covers intact monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, monospecific antibodies, multispecific antibodies (e.g., bispecific antibodies) , and antibody fragments that exhibit the desired biological activity. An intact antibody has primarily two regions: a variable region and a constant region. The variable region binds to and interacts with a target antigen. The variable region includes a complementary determining region (CDR) that recognizes and binds to a specific binding site on a particular antigen. The constant region may be recognized by and interact with the immune system (see, e.g., Janeway et al., 2001, Immuno. Biology, 5th Ed., Garland Publishing, New York) . An antibody can be of any type (e.g., IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, and IgA) , class (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1, and IgA2) or subclass. The antibody can be derived from any suitable species. In some embodiments, the antibody is of human or murine origin. An antibody can be, for example, human, humanized, or chimeric.
[0049] The term “monoclonal antibody” as used herein refers to an antibody obtained from a population of substantially homogeneous antibodies, i.e., the individual antibodies comprising the population are identical except for possible naturally occurring mutations that may be present in minor amounts. Monoclonal antibodies are highly specific, being directed against a single antigenic site. The modifier “monoclonal” is not to be construed as requiring production of the antibody by any particular method.
[0050] An “intact antibody” is one that comprises an antigen-binding variable region as well as a light chain constant domain (CL) and heavy chain constant domains, CH1, CH2, CH3, and CH4, as appropriate for the antibody class. The constant domains may be native sequence constant domains (e.g., human native sequence constant domains) or amino acid sequence variant thereof. An “antibody fragment” comprises a portion of an intact antibody, comprising the antigen- binding or variable region thereof. Examples of antibody fragments include Fab, Fab’, F (ab’) 2, and Fv fragments, diabodies, triabodies, tetrabodies, linear antibodies, single-chain antibody molecules, scFv, scFv-Fc, multispecific antibody fragments formed from antibody fragment (s) , a fragment (s) produced by a Fab expression library, or an epitope-binding fragment of any of the above which immunospecifically binds to a target antigen (e.g., a cancer cell antigen, a viral antigen or a microbial antigen) .
[0051] An “antigen” is an entity to which an antibody specifically binds.
[0052] The terms “specific binding” and “specifically binds” mean that the antibody or antibody derivative binds, in a highly selective manner, to its corresponding target antigen and not with the multitude of other antigens. Typically, the antibody or antibody derivative binds with an affinity of at least about 1×10-7 M, 10-8 M, 10-9M, 10-10 M, 10-11 M, or 10-12 M and binds to the predetermined antigen with an affinity that is at least two-fold greater than its affinity for binding to a non-specific antigen (e.g., BSA, casein) other than the predetermined antigen or a closely related antigen.
[0053] The term “inhibit” or “inhibition of” means to reduce by a measurable amount, or to prevent entirely.
[0054] The term “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of a drug effective to treat a disease or disorder in a mammal. In the case of cancer, the therapeutically effective amount of a drug may reduce the number of cancer cells; reduce the tumor size; inhibit (i.e., slow to some extent or stop) cancer cell infiltration into peripheral organs; inhibit (i.e., slow to some extent or stop) tumor metastasis; inhibit, to some extent, tumor growth; and / or relieve to some extent one or more of the symptoms associated with the cancer. To the extent the drug may inhibit growth and / or kill existing cancer cells, it may be cytostatic and / or cytotoxic. For cancer therapy, efficacy can, for example, be measured by assessing the time to disease progression (TTP) and / or determining the response rate (RR) .
[0055] The term “substantial” or “substantially” refers to a majority, i.e. >50%of a population, of a mixture or a sample, such as more than 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%of a population.
[0056] The terms “intracellularly cleaved” and “intracellular cleavage” refer to a metabolic process or reaction inside a cell on a ligand drug conjugate (e.g., an antibody drug conjugate (ADC) ) , whereby the covalent attachment, e.g., the linker, between a drug moiety (D) and a ligand (e.g., a binding agent (BA) or an antibody (Ab) ) is broken, resulting in the free drug, or another metabolite of the conjugate dissociated from the antibody inside the cell. The cleaved moieties of the drug-linker-ligand conjugate are thus intracellular metabolites.
[0057] The term “cytotoxic activity” refers to a cell-killing, a cytostatic or an anti-proliferative effect of a drug-linker-ligand conjugate compound or an intracellular metabolite of a drug-linker-ligand conjugate. Cytotoxic activity may be expressed as the IC50 value, which is the concentration (molar or mass) per unit volume at which half the cells survive.
[0058] The term “cytotoxic agent” as used herein refers to a substance that inhibits the function of cells and / or causes destruction of cells. The term is intended to include radioactive isotopes (e.g., 211At, 131I, 125I, 90Y, 186Re, 188Re, 153Sm, 212Bi, 32P, 60C, and radioactive isotopes of Lu) , chemotherapeutic agents, and toxins such as small molecule toxins or enzymatically active toxins of bacterial, fungal, plant, or animal origin, including synthetic analogs and derivatives thereof.
[0059] As will be appreciated by skilled artisans, the number of cytotoxic agents (e.g., a drug moiety (D) ) linked to a ligand (e.g., a binding agent (BA) or an antibody (Ab) ) may vary, such that an ADC preparation may be heterogeneous in nature, where some antibodies in the preparation contain one linked agent, some two, some three, etc. (and some none) . The degree of heterogeneity will depend upon, among other things, the chemistries used for linking the cytotoxic and / or cytostatic agents. For example, where the antibodies are reduced to yield sulfhydryl groups for attachment, heterogenous mixtures of antibodies having zero, 2, 4, 6 or 8 linked agents per molecule are often produced. Furthermore, by limiting the molar ratio of attachment compound, antibodies having zero, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 linked agents per molecule are often produced. Thus, it will be understood that depending upon context, stated drug antibody ratios (DARs) may be averages for a collection of antibodies. For example, “DAR4” refers to an ADC preparation that has not been subjected to purification to isolate specific DAR peaks and comprises a heterogeneous mixture of ADC molecules having different numbers of cytotoxic agents attached per antibody (e.g., 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 agents per antibody) , but has an average drug-to-antibody ratio of 4. Similarly, “DAR8” refers to a heterogeneous ADC preparation in which the average drug-to-antibody ratio is 8.
[0060] The terms “cancer” and “cancerous” refer to or describe the physiological condition or disorder in mammals that is typically characterized by unregulated cell growth. A “tumor” comprises one or more cancerous cells. Examples of cancer include, but are not limited to, carcinoma, lymphoma, blastoma, sarcoma, and leukemia or lymphoid malignancies. More particular examples of such cancers include squamous cell cancer (e.g., epithelial squamous cell cancer) ; lung cancer including small-cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer ( “NSCLC” ) , adenocarcinoma of the lung, and squamous carcinoma of the lung; cancer of the peritoneum; hepatocellular cancer; gastric or stomach cancer including gastrointestinal cancer; pancreatic cancer; glioblastoma; cervical cancer; ovarian cancer; liver cancer; bladder cancer; hepatoma; breast cancer; colon cancer; rectal cancer; colorectal cancer; endometrial or uterine carcinoma; salivary gland carcinoma; kidney or renal cancer; prostate cancer; vulval cancer; thyroid cancer; hepatic carcinoma; anal carcinoma; penile carcinoma; as well as head and neck cancer.
[0061] An “autoimmune disease” herein is a disease or disorder arising from and directed against an individual's own tissues or proteins.
[0062] Examples of a “patient” include, but are not limited to, mammals such as a human, rat, mouse, guinea pig, monkey, pig, goat, cow, horse, dog, or cat, and birds or fowl. In an embodiment, the patient is a human.
[0063] The terms “treat” or “treatment, ” unless otherwise indicated by context, refer to therapeutic treatment and prophylactic measures to prevent relapse, wherein the object is to inhibit or slow down (lessen) an undesired physiological change or disorder, such as the development or spread of cancer. For purposes of this disclosure, beneficial or desired clinical results include, but are not limited to, alleviation of symptoms, diminishment of extent of disease, stabilized (i.e., not worsening) state of disease, delay or slowing of disease progression, amelioration or palliation of the disease state, and remission (whether partial or total) , whether detectable or undetectable. “Treatment” can also mean prolonging survival as compared to expected survival if not receiving treatment. Those in need of treatment include those already with the condition or disorder as well as those prone to have the condition or disorder.
[0064] In the context of cancer, the term “treating” includes any or all of inhibiting growth of tumor cells, cancer cells, or of a tumor, inhibiting replication of tumor cells or cancer cells, lessening of overall tumor burden or decreasing the number of cancerous cells, and ameliorating one or more symptoms associated with the disease.
[0065] In the context of an autoimmune disease, the term “treating” includes any or all of inhibiting replication of cells associated with an autoimmune disease state including, but not limited to, cells that produce an autoimmune antibody, lessening the autoimmune-antibody burden, and ameliorating one or more symptoms of an autoimmune disease.
[0066] As used herein, and in the specification and the accompanying claims, the indefinite articles “a” and “an” and the definite article “the” include the plural as well as single referents, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
[0067] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the terms “about” and “approximately, ” when used in connection with amounts, or weight percentage of ingredients of a composition, mean an amount or weight percent that is recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art to provide a pharmacological effect equivalent to that obtained from the specified amount or weight percent. In certain embodiments, the terms “about” and “approximately, ” when used in this context, contemplate an amount or weight percent within 30%, within 20%, within 15%, within 10%, or within 5%, of the specified amount or weight percent.
[0068] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the terms “about” and “approximately, ” when used in connection with a numeric value or range of values that is provided to characterize a particular solid form, e.g., a specific temperature or temperature range, such as, for example, that describes a melting, dehydration, desolvation, or glass transition temperature; a mass change, such as, for example, a mass change as a function of temperature or humidity; a solvent or water content, in terms of, for example, mass or a percentage; or a peak position, such as, for example, in analysis by, for example, IR or Raman spectroscopy or XRPD; indicate that the value or range of values may deviate to an extent deemed reasonable to one of ordinary skill in the art while still describing the solid form. Techniques for characterizing crystal forms and amorphous solids include, but are not limited to, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) , differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) , X-ray powder diffractometry (XRPD) , single-crystal X-ray diffractometry, vibrational spectroscopy, e.g., infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy, solid-state and solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, optical microscopy, hot stage optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) , electron crystallography and quantitative analysis, particle size analysis (PSA) , surface area analysis, solubility studies, and dissolution studies. In certain embodiments, the terms “about” and “approximately, ” when used in this context, indicate that the numeric value or range of values may vary within 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1.5%, 1%, 0.5%, or 0.25%of the recited value or range of values. For example, in some embodiments, the value of an XRPD peak position may vary by up to ±0.2° 2θ while still describing the particular XRPD peak.
[0069] An “alkyl” group is a saturated, partially saturated, or unsaturated straight chain or branched non-cyclic hydrocarbon having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, typically from 1 to 8 carbons or, in some embodiments, from 1 to 6, 1 to 4, or 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Representative alkyl groups include -methyl, -ethyl, -n-propyl, -n-butyl, -n-pentyl, and n-hexyl; saturated branched alkyls include -isopropyl, -sec-butyl, -isobutyl, -tert-butyl, -isopentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 2, 3-dimethylbutyl and the like. Examples of unsaturated alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, vinyl, allyl, CH=CH (CH3) , -CH=C (CH3) 2, -C (CH3) =CH2, -C (CH3) =CH (CH3) , C (CH2CH3) =CH2, C≡CH, -C≡C (CH3) , -C≡C (CH2CH3) , -CH2C≡CH, -CH2C≡C (CH3) , and CH2C≡C (CH2CH3) , among others. An alkyl group can be substituted or unsubstituted. In certain embodiments, when the alkyl groups described herein are said to be “substituted, ” they may be substituted with any substituent or substituents as those found in the compounds and embodiments disclosed herein, as well as halogen (chloro, iodo, bromo, or fluoro) ; hydroxyl; alkoxy; alkoxyalkyl; amino; alkylamino; carboxy; nitro; cyano; thiol; thioether; imine; imide; amidine; guanidine; enamine; aminocarbonyl; acylamino; phosphonato; phosphine; thiocarbonyl; sulfonyl; sulfone; sulfonamide; ketone; aldehyde; ester; urea; urethane; oxime; hydroxyl amine; alkoxyamine; aralkoxyamine; N-oxide; hydrazine; hydrazide; hydrazone; azide; isocyanate; isothiocyanate; cyanate; thiocyanate; B (OH) 2; or O (alkyl) aminocarbonyl.
[0070] An “alkenyl” group is a straight chain or branched non-cyclic hydrocarbon having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, typically from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and including at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Representative straight chain and branched (C2-C8) alkenyls include -vinyl, -allyl, -1-butenyl, -2-butenyl, -isobutylenyl, -1-pentenyl, -2-pentenyl, -3-methyl-1-butenyl, -2-methyl-2-butenyl, -2, 3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, -1-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl, -3-hexenyl, -1-heptenyl, -2-heptenyl, -3-heptenyl, -1-octenyl, -2-octenyl, 3-octenyl and the like. The double bond of an alkenyl group can be unconjugated or conjugated to another unsaturated group. An alkenyl group can be unsubstituted or substituted.
[0071] A “cycloalkyl” group is a saturated or a partially saturated cyclic alkyl group of from 3 to 10 carbon atoms having a single cyclic ring or multiple condensed or bridged rings which can be optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 alkyl groups. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl group has 3 to 8 ring members, whereas in other embodiments the number of ring carbon atoms ranges from 3 to 5, 3 to 6, or 3 to 7. Such cycloalkyl groups include, by way of example, single ring structures such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, 1-methylcyclopropyl, 2-methylcyclopentyl, 2-methylcyclooctyl, and the like, or multiple or bridged ring structures such as adamantyl and the like. Examples of unsaturated cycloalkyl groups include cyclohexenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexadienyl, butadienyl, pentadienyl, and hexadienyl, among others. A cycloalkyl group can be substituted or unsubstituted. Such substituted cycloalkyl groups include, by way of example, cyclohexanone and the like.
[0072] An “aryl” group is an aromatic carbocyclic group of from 6 to 14 carbon atoms having a single ring (e.g., phenyl) or multiple condensed rings (e.g., naphthyl or anthryl) . In some embodiments, aryl groups contain 6 to 14 carbons, and in others from 6 to 12 or even 6 to 10 carbon atoms in the ring portions of the groups. Particular aryls include phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl and the like. An aryl group can be substituted or unsubstituted. The phrase “aryl groups” also includes groups containing fused rings, such as fused aromatic-aliphatic ring systems (e.g., indanyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, and the like) .
[0073] A “heteroaryl” group is an aryl ring system having one to four heteroatoms as ring atoms in a heteroaromatic ring system, wherein the remainder of the atoms are carbon atoms. In some embodiments, heteroaryl groups contain 5 to 6 ring atoms, and in others from 6 to 9 or 6 to 10 atoms in the ring portions of the groups. Suitable heteroatoms include oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen. In certain embodiments, the heteroaryl ring system is monocyclic or bicyclic. Non-limiting examples include, but are not limited to, groups such as pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, thiophenyl, benzothiophenyl, furanyl, benzofuranyl (for example, isobenzofuran-1, 3-diimine) , indolyl, azaindolyl (for example, pyrrolopyridyl or 1H-pyrrolo [2, 3-b] pyridyl) , indazolyl, benzimidazolyl (for example, 1H-benzo [d] imidazolyl) , imidazopyridyl (for example, azabenzimidazolyl, 3H-imidazo [4, 5-b] pyridyl or 1H-imidazo [4, 5-b] pyridyl) , pyrazolopyridyl, triazolopyridyl, benzotriazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, isoxazolopyridyl, thianaphthalenyl, purinyl, xanthinyl, adeninyl, guaninyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, and quinazolinyl groups.
[0074] A “heterocyclyl” is an aromatic (also referred to as heteroaryl) or non-aromatic cycloalkyl in which one to four of the ring carbon atoms are independently replaced with a heteroatom from the group consisting of O, S and N. In some embodiments, heterocyclyl groups include 3 to 10 ring members, whereas other such groups have 3 to 5, 3 to 6, or 3 to 8 ring members. Heterocyclyls can also be bonded to other groups at any ring atom (i.e., at any carbon atom or heteroatom of the heterocyclic ring) . A heterocyclyl group can be substituted or unsubstituted. Heterocyclyl groups encompass unsaturated, partially saturated, and saturated ring systems, such as, for example, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, and imidazolidinyl groups. The term “heterocyclyl” includes fused ring species, including those comprising fused aromatic and non-aromatic groups, such as, for example, benzotriazolyl, 2, 3-dihydrobenzo [l, 4] dioxinyl, and benzo [l, 3] dioxolyl. The term also includes bridged polycyclic ring systems containing a heteroatom such as, but not limited to, quinuclidyl. Representative examples of a heterocyclyl group include, but are not limited to, aziridinyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, dioxolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, pyrrolyl, pyrrolinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, thiazolinyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl (for example, tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl) , tetrahydrothiopyranyl, oxathiane, dioxyl, dithianyl, pyranyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, dihydropyridyl, dihydrodithiinyl, dihydrodithionyl, homopiperazinyl, quinuclidyl, indolyl, indolinyl, isoindolyl, azaindolyl (pyrrolopyridyl) , indazolyl, indolizinyl, benzotriazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzthiazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzoxazinyl, benzodithiinyl, benzoxathiinyl, benzothiazinyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzo [l, 3] dioxolyl, pyrazolopyridyl, imidazopyridyl (azabenzimidazolyl; for example, 1H-imidazo [4, 5-b] pyridyl, or 1H-imidazo [4, 5-b] pyridin-2 (3H) -onyl) , triazolopyridyl, isoxazolopyridyl, purinyl, xanthinyl, adeninyl, guaninyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinolizinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, pteridinyl, thianaphthalenyl, dihydrobenzothiazinyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, dihydroindolyl, dihydrobenzodioxinyl, tetrahydroindolyl, tetrahydroindazolyl, tetrahydrobenzimidazolyl, tetrahydrobenzotriazolyl, tetrahydropyrrolopyridyl, tetrahydropyrazolopyridyl, tetrahydroimidazopyridyl, tetrahydrotriazolopyridyl, and tetrahydroquinolinyl groups. Representative substituted heterocyclyl groups may be mono-substituted or substituted more than once, such as, but not limited to, pyridyl or morpholinyl groups, which are 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-substituted, or disubstituted with various substituents such as those listed below.
[0075] A “cycloalkylalkyl” group is a radical of the formula -alkyl-cycloalkyl, wherein alkyl and cycloalkyl are defined above. Substituted cycloalkylalkyl groups may be substituted at the alkyl, the cycloalkyl, or both the alkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of the group. Representative cycloalkylalkyl groups include but are not limited to cyclopentylmethyl, cyclopentylethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, cyclohexylethyl, and cyclohexylpropyl. Representative substituted cycloalkylalkyl groups may be mono-substituted or substituted more than once.
[0076] An “aralkyl” group is a radical of the formula -alkyl-aryl, wherein alkyl and aryl are defined above. Substituted aralkyl groups may be substituted at the alkyl, the aryl, or both the alkyl and the aryl portions of the group. Representative aralkyl groups include, but are not limited to, benzyl and phenethyl groups and fused (cycloalkylaryl) alkyl groups such as 4-ethyl-indanyl.
[0077] A “heterocyclylalkyl” group is a radical of the formula -alkyl-heterocyclyl, wherein alkyl and heterocyclyl are defined above. Substituted heterocyclylalkyl groups may be substituted at the alkyl, the heterocyclyl, or both the alkyl and the heterocyclyl portions of the group. Representative heterocyclylalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, 4-ethyl-morpholinyl, 4-propylmorpholinyl, furan-2-yl methyl, furan-3-yl methyl, pyrdine-3-yl methyl, (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl) methyl, (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl) ethyl, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl methyl, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl ethyl, and indol-2-yl propyl.
[0078] A “halogen” is chloro, iodo, bromo, or fluoro.
[0079] A “hydroxyalkyl” group is an alkyl group as described above substituted with one or more hydroxy groups.
[0080] An “alkoxy” group is O (alkyl) , wherein alkyl is defined above.
[0081] An “alkoxyalkyl” group is (alkyl) O (alkyl) , wherein alkyl is defined above.
[0082] As used herein, “alkynyl” refers to a monovalent hydrocarbon radical moiety containing at least two carbon atoms and one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds. Alkynyl is optionally substituted and can be linear, branched, or cyclic. Alkynyl includes, but is not limited to, those radicals having 2-20 carbon atoms, i.e., C2-20 alkynyl; 2-12 carbon atoms, i.e., C2-12 alkynyl; 2-8 carbon atoms, i.e., C2-8 alkynyl; 2-6 carbon atoms, i.e., C2-6 alkynyl; and 2-4 carbon atoms, i.e., C2-4 alkynyl. Examples of alkynyl moieties include, but are not limited to, ethynyl, propynyl, and butynyl.
[0083] As used herein, “haloalkyl” refers to alkyl, as defined above, wherein the alkyl includes at least one substituent selected from a halogen, for example, fluorine (F) , chlorine (Cl) , bromine (Br) , or iodine (I) . Examples of haloalkyl include, but are not limited to, -CF3, -CH2CF3, –CCl2F, and –CCl3.
[0084] As used herein, “haloalkoxy” refers to alkoxy, as defined above, wherein the alkoxy includes at least one substituent selected from a halogen, e.g., F, Cl, Br, or I.
[0085] As used herein, “arylalkyl” refers to a monovalent moiety that is a radical of an alkyl compound, wherein the alkyl compound is substituted with an aromatic substituent, i.e., the aromatic compound includes a single bond to an alkyl group and wherein the radical is localized on the alkyl group. An arylalkyl group bonds to the illustrated chemical structure via the alkyl group. An arylalkyl can be represented by the structure, e.g., B-CH2-, B-CH2-CH2-, B-CH2-CH2-CH2-, B-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-, B-CH (CH3) -CH2-CH2-, B-CH2-CH (CH3) -CH2-, wherein B is an aromatic moiety, e.g., phenyl. Arylalkyl is optionally substituted, i.e., the aryl group and / or the alkyl group, can be substituted as disclosed herein. Examples of arylalkyl include, but are not limited to, benzyl.
[0086] As used herein, “alkylaryl” refers to a monovalent moiety that is a radical of an aryl compound, wherein the aryl compound is substituted with an alkyl substituent, i.e., the aryl compound includes a single bond to an alkyl group and wherein the radical is localized on the aryl group. An alkylaryl group bonds to the illustrated chemical structure via the aryl group. An alkylaryl can be represented by the structure, e.g., -B-CH3, -B-CH2-CH3, -B-CH2-CH2-CH3, -B-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3, -B-CH (CH3) -CH2-CH3, -B-CH2-CH (CH3) -CH3, wherein B is an aromatic moiety, e.g., phenyl. Alkylaryl is optionally substituted, i.e., the aryl group and / or the alkyl group, can be substituted as disclosed herein. Examples of alkylaryl include, but are not limited to, toluyl.
[0087] As used herein, “aryloxy” refers to a monovalent moiety that is a radical of an aromatic compound wherein the ring atoms are carbon atoms and wherein the ring is substituted with an oxygen radical, i.e., the aromatic compound includes a single bond to an oxygen atom and wherein the radical is localized on the oxygen atom, e.g., C6H5-O-, for phenoxy. Aryloxy substituents bond to the compound which they substitute through this oxygen atom. Aryloxy is optionally substituted. Aryloxy includes, but is not limited to, those radicals having 6 to 20 ring carbon atoms, i.e., C6-20 aryloxy; 6 to 15 ring carbon atoms, i.e., C6-15 aryloxy, and 6 to 10 ring carbon atoms, i.e., C6-10 aryloxy. Examples of aryloxy moieties include, but are not limited to phenoxy, naphthoxy, and anthroxy.
[0088] An “amine” group is a radical of the formula NH2.
[0089] A “hydroxyl amine” group is a radical of the formula N (R#) OH or NHOH, wherein R#is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclyl or heterocyclylalkyl group as defined herein.
[0090] An “alkoxyamine” group is a radical of the formula -N (R#) O-alkyl or -NHO-alkyl, wherein R#is as defined above.
[0091] An “aralkoxyamine” group is a radical of the formula N (R#) O-aryl or NHOaryl, wherein R#is as defined above.
[0092] An “alkylamine” group is a radical of the formula NHalkyl or N (alkyl) 2, wherein each alkyl is independently as defined above.
[0093] An “aminocarbonyl” group is a radical of the formula -C (=O) N (R#) 2, -C (=O) NH (R#) , or C (=O) NH2, wherein each R#is as defined above.
[0094] An “acylamino” group is a radical of the formula NHC (=O) (R#) or N (alkyl) C (=O) (R#) , wherein each alkyl and R#are independently as defined above.
[0095] An “O (alkyl) aminocarbonyl” group is a radical of the formula -O (alkyl) C (=O) N (R#) 2, -O (alkyl) C (=O) NH (R#) , or -O (alkyl) C (=O) NH2, wherein each R#is independently as defined above.
[0096] An “N-oxide” group is a radical of the formula -N+-O-.
[0097] A “carboxy” group is a radical of the formula C (=O) OH.
[0098] A “ketone” group is a radical of the formula C (=O) (R#) , wherein R#is as defined above.
[0099] An “aldehyde” group is a radical of the formula -CH (=O) .
[0100] An “ester” group is a radical of the formula C (=O) O (R#) or OC (=O) (R#) , wherein R#is as defined above.
[0101] A “urea” group is a radical of the formula -N (alkyl) C (=O) N (R#) 2, -N (alkyl) C (=O) NH (R#) , -N (alkyl) C (=O) NH2, -NHC (=O) N (R#) 2, -NHC (=O) NH (R#) , or NHC (=O) NH2#, wherein each alkyl and R#are independently as defined above.
[0102] An “imine” group is a radical of the formula -N=C (R#) 2 or -C (R#) =N (R#) , wherein each R#is independently as defined above.
[0103] An “imide” group is a radical of the formula -C (=O) N (R#) C (=O) (R#) or N ( (C=O) (R#) ) 2, wherein each R#is independently as defined above.
[0104] A “urethane” group is a radical of the formula -OC (=O) N (R#) 2, -OC (=O) NH (R#) , -N (R#) C (=O) O (R#) , or -NHC (=O) O (R#) , wherein each R#is independently as defined above.
[0105] An “amidine” group is a radical of the formula -C (=N (R#) ) N (R#) 2, -C (=N (R#) ) NH (R#) , -C (=N (R#) ) NH2, -C (=NH) N (R#) 2, -C (=NH) NH (R#) , -C (=NH) NH2, -N=C (R#) N (R#) 2, -N=C (R#) NH (R#) , -N=C (R#) NH2, -N (R#) C (R#) =N (R#) , -NHC (R#) =N (R#) , -N (R#) C (R#) =NH, or -NHC (R#) =NH, wherein each R#is independently as defined above.
[0106] A “guanidine” group is a radical of the formula -N (R#) C (=N (R#) ) N (R#) 2, -NHC (=N (R#) ) N (R#) 2, -N (R#) C (=NH) N (R#) 2, -N (R#) C (=N (R#) ) NH (R#) , -N (R#) C (=N (R#) ) NH2, -NHC (=NH) N (R#) 2, -NHC (=N (R#) ) NH (R#) , -NHC (=N (R#) ) NH2, -NHC (=NH) NH (R#) , -NHC (=NH) NH2, -N=C (N (R#) 2) 2, -N=C (NH (R#) ) 2, or -N=C (NH2) 2, wherein each R#is independently as defined above.
[0107] An “enamine” group is a radical of the formula -N (R#) C (R#) =C (R#) 2, -NHC (R#) =C (R#) 2, -C (N (R#) 2) =C (R#) 2, -C (NH (R#) ) =C (R#) 2, -C (NH2) =C (R#) 2, -C (R#) =C (R#) (N (R#) 2) , C (R#) =C (R#) (NH (R#) ) or -C (R#) =C (R#) (NH2) , wherein each R#is independently as defined above.
[0108] An “oxime” group is a radical of the formula -C (=NO (R#) ) (R#) , -C (=NOH) (R#) , -CH (=NO (R#) ) , or -CH (=NOH) , wherein each R#is independently as defined above.
[0109] A “hydrazide” group is a radical of the formula -C (=O) N (R#) N (R#) 2, -C (=O) NHN (R#) 2, -C (=O) N (R#) NH (R#) , -C (=O) N (R#) NH2, -C (=O) NHNH (R#) 2, or -C (=O) NHNH2, wherein each R#is independently as defined above.
[0110] A “hydrazine” group is a radical of the formula -N (R#) N (R#) 2, -NHN (R#) 2, -N (R#) NH (R#) , -N (R#) NH2, -NHNH (R#) 2, or -NHNH2, wherein each R#is independently as defined above.
[0111] A “hydrazone” group is a radical of the formula -C (=N-N (R#) 2) (R#) 2, -C (=NNH (R#) ) (R#) 2, -C (=N-NH2) (R#) 2, -N (R#) (N=C (R#) 2) , or -NH (N=C (R#) 2) , wherein each R#is independently as defined above.
[0112] An “azide” group is a radical of the formula -N3.
[0113] An “isocyanate” group is a radical of the formula N=C=O.
[0114] An “isothiocyanate” group is a radical of the formula N=C=S.
[0115] A “cyanate” group is a radical of the formula OCN.
[0116] A “thiocyanate” group is a radical of the formula SCN.
[0117] A “thioether” group is a radical of the formula -S (R#) , wherein R#is as defined above.
[0118] A “thiocarbonyl” group is a radical of the formula -C (=S) (R#) , wherein R#is as defined above.
[0119] A “sulfinyl” group is a radical of the formula -S (=O) (R#) , wherein R#is as defined above.
[0120] A “sulfone” group is a radical of the formula -S (=O) 2 (R#) , wherein R#is as defined above.
[0121] A “sulfonylamino” group is a radical of the formula -NHSO2 (R#) or -N (alkyl) SO2 (R#) , wherein each alkyl and R#are defined above.
[0122] A “sulfonamide” group is a radical of the formula -S (=O) 2N (R#) 2, -S (=O) 2NH (R#) , or -S (=O) 2NH2, wherein each R#is independently as defined above.
[0123] A “phosphonate” group is a radical of the formula -P (=O) (O (R#) ) 2, -P (=O) (OH) 2, -OP (=O) (O (R#) ) (R#) , or -OP (=O) (OH) (R#) , wherein each R#is independently as defined above.
[0124] A “phosphine” group is a radical of the formula -P (R#) 2, wherein each R#is independently as defined above.
[0125] When the groups described herein, with the exception of alkyl groups, are said to be “substituted, ” they may be substituted with any appropriate substituent or substituents. Illustrative examples of substituents are those found in the compounds and embodiments disclosed herein, as well as halogen (chloro, iodo, bromo, or fluoro) ; alkyl; hydroxyl; alkoxy; alkoxyalkyl; amino; alkylamino; carboxy; nitro; cyano; thiol; thioether; imine; imide; amidine; guanidine; enamine; aminocarbonyl; acylamino; phosphonate; phosphine; thiocarbonyl; sulfinyl; sulfone; sulfonamide; ketone; aldehyde; ester; urea; urethane; oxime; hydroxyl amine; alkoxyamine; aralkoxyamine; N-oxide; hydrazine; hydrazide; hydrazone; azide; isocyanate; isothiocyanate; cyanate; thiocyanate; oxygen (═O) ; B (OH) 2, O (alkyl) aminocarbonyl; cycloalkyl, which may be monocyclic or fused or non-fused polycyclic (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl) , or a heterocyclyl, which may be monocyclic or fused or non-fused polycyclic (e.g., pyrrolidyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, or thiazinyl) ; monocyclic or fused or non-fused polycyclic aryl or heteroaryl (e.g., phenyl, naphthyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, acridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiophenyl, or benzofuranyl) aryloxy; aralkyloxy; heterocyclyloxy; and heterocyclyl alkoxy.
[0126] The term “protecting group” or “amino protecting group” refers to any substituents conventionally used to hinder the reactivity of the amino group. Suitable protecting groups (PG) , and suitable synthetic methods to protect an amino group with a protecting group are described, for example, in T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2nd Edition, John Wiley &Sons (1991) . Exemplary protecting groups include acetyl, Fmoc, Cbz, Moz, Boc, Troc, Teoc or Voc. Additional exemplary protecting groups include C1-6 alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl or C1-6 alkoxycarbonyl, preferably benzoyl.
[0127] As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt (s) ” refers to a salt prepared from a pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acid or base including an inorganic acid or base and an organic acid or base.
[0128] As used herein and unless otherwise indicated, the term “solvate” means a compound, or a salt thereof, that further includes a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amount of a solvent bound by non-covalent intermolecular forces. In one embodiment, the solvate is a hydrate.
[0129] As used herein and unless otherwise indicated, the term “hydrate” means a compound, or a salt thereof, that further includes a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amount of water bound by non-covalent intermolecular forces.
[0130] As used herein and unless otherwise indicated, the term “prodrug” means a compound derivative that can hydrolyze, oxidize, or otherwise react under biological conditions (in vitro or in vivo) to provide an active compound. Examples of prodrugs include, but are not limited to, derivatives and metabolites of a compound that include biohydrolyzable moieties such as biohydrolyzable amides, biohydrolyzable esters, biohydrolyzable carbamates, biohydrolyzable carbonates, biohydrolyzable ureides, and biohydrolyzable phosphate analogues. In certain embodiments, prodrugs of compounds with carboxyl functional groups are the lower alkyl esters of the carboxylic acid. The carboxylate esters may be formed by esterifying any of the carboxylic acid moieties present on the molecule. Prodrugs can typically be prepared using well-known methods, such as those described by Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery 6th ed. (Donald J. Abraham ed., 2001, Wiley) and Design and Application of Prodrugs (H. Bundgaard ed., 1985, Harwood Academic Publishers Gmfh) .
[0131] As used herein and unless otherwise indicated, the term “stereoisomer” or “stereomerically pure” means one stereoisomer of a compound that is substantially free of other stereoisomers of that compound. For example, a stereomerically pure compound having one chiral center is substantially free of the opposite enantiomer of the compound. A stereomerically pure compound having two chiral centers is substantially free of other diastereomers of the compound. A typical stereomerically pure compound comprises greater than about 80%by weight of one stereoisomer of the compound and less than about 20%by weight of other stereoisomers of the compound, greater than about 90%by weight of one stereoisomer of the compound and less than about 10%by weight of the other stereoisomers of the compound, greater than about 95%by weight of one stereoisomer of the compound and less than about 5%by weight of the other stereoisomers of the compound, or greater than about 97%by weight of one stereoisomer of the compound and less than about 3%by weight of the other stereoisomers of the compound. The compounds can have chiral centers and can occur as racemates, individual enantiomers or diastereomers, and mixtures thereof. All such isomeric forms are included within the embodiments disclosed herein, including mixtures thereof. The use of stereomerically pure forms of such compounds, as well as the use of mixtures of those forms, are encompassed by the embodiments disclosed herein. For example, mixtures comprising equal or unequal amounts of the enantiomers of a particular compound may be used in methods and compositions disclosed herein. These isomers may be asymmetrically synthesized or resolved using standard techniques such as chiral columns or chiral resolving agents. See, e.g., Jacques, J., et al., Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolutions (Wiley Interscience, New York, 1981) ; Wilen, S.H., et al., Tetrahedron 33: 2725 (1977) ; Eliel, E.L., Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds (McGrawHill, NY, 1962) ; and Wilen, S.H., Tables of Resolving Agents and Optical Resolutions p. 268 (E.L. Eliel, Ed., Univ. of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, IN, 1972) .
[0132] It should also be noted that the compounds can include E and Z isomers, or a mixture thereof, and cis and trans isomers, or a mixture thereof. In certain embodiments, the compounds are isolated as either the cis or trans isomer. In other embodiments, the compounds are a mixture of the cis and trans isomers.
[0133] “Tautomers” refers to isomeric forms of a compound that are in equilibrium with each other. The concentrations of the isomeric forms, for example, depends on the environment the compound is found in and may be different depending upon, for example, whether the compound is a solid or is in an organic or aqueous solution. For example, in an aqueous solution, pyrazoles may exhibit the following isomeric forms, which are referred to as tautomers of each other:
[0134] As readily understood by one skilled in the art, a wide variety of functional groups and other structures may exhibit tautomerism and all tautomers of the compounds are within the scope of the present disclosure.
[0135] It should also be noted the compounds can contain unnatural proportions of atomic isotopes at one or more of the atoms. For example, the compounds may be radiolabeled with radioactive isotopes, such as for example tritium (3H) , iodine-125 (125I) , sulfur-35 (35S) , or carbon-14 (14C) , or may be isotopically enriched, such as with deuterium (2H) , carbon-13 (13C) , or nitrogen-15 (15N) . As used herein, an “isotopologue” is an isotopically enriched compound. The term “isotopically enriched” refers to an atom having an isotopic composition other than the natural isotopic composition of that atom. “Isotopically enriched” may also refer to a compound containing at least one atom having an isotopic composition other than the natural isotopic composition of that atom. The term “isotopic composition” refers to the amount of each isotope present for a given atom. Radiolabeled and isotopically enriched compounds are useful as therapeutic agents, e.g., cancer and inflammation therapeutic agents, research reagents, e.g., binding assay reagents, and diagnostic agents, e.g., in vivo imaging agents. All isotopic variations of the compounds as described herein, whether radioactive or not, are intended to be encompassed within the scope of the embodiments provided herein. In some embodiments, there are provided isotopologues of the compounds, for example, the isotopologues are deuterium, carbon-13, or nitrogen-15 enriched compounds.
[0136] It should be noted that if there is a discrepancy between a depicted structure and a name for that structure, the depicted structure is to be accorded more weight.
[0137] As used herein, the term “residue” refers to the chemical moiety within a compound that remains after a chemical reaction. For example, the term “amino acid residue” or “N-alkyl amino acid residue” refers to the product of an amide coupling or peptide coupling of an amino acid or a N-alkyl amino acid to a suitable coupling partner; wherein, for example, a water molecule is expelled after the amide or peptide coupling of the amino acid or the N-alkylamino acid, resulting in the product having the amino acid residue or N-alkyl amino acid residue incorporated therein.
[0138] As used herein, “sugar” or “sugar group” or “sugar residue” refers to a carbohydrate moiety which may comprise 3-carbon (those) units, 4-carbon (tetrose) units, 5-carbon (pentose) units, 6-carbon (hexose) units, 7-carbon (heptose) units, or combinations thereof, and may be a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a trisaccharide, a tetrasaccharide, a pentasaccharide, an oligosaccharide, or any other polysaccharide. In some instances, a “sugar” or “sugar group” or “sugar residue” comprises furanoses (e.g., ribofuranose, fructofuranose) or pyranoses (e.g., glucopyranose, galactopyranose) , or a combination thereof. In some instances, a “sugar” or “sugar group” or “sugar residue” comprises aldoses or ketoses, or a combination thereof. Non-limiting examples of monosaccharides include ribose, deoxyribose, xylose, arabinose, glucose, mannose, galactose, and fructose. Non-limiting examples of disaccharides include sucrose, maltose, lactose, lactulose, and trehalose. Other “sugars” or “sugar groups” or “sugar residues” include polysaccharides and / or oligosaccharides, including, but not limited to, amylose, amylopectin, glycogen, inulin, and cellulose. In some instances, a “sugar” or “sugar group” or “sugar residue” is an amino-sugar. In some instances, a “sugar” or “sugar group” or “sugar residue” is a glucamine residue (1-amino-1-deoxy-D-glucitol) linked to the rest of molecule via its amino group to form an amide linkage with the rest of the molecule (i.e., a glucamide) .
[0139] Certain groups, moieties, substituents, and atoms are depicted with a wiggly line, e.g., that intersects a bond or bonds, to indicate the atom through which the groups, moieties, substituents, atoms are bonded. For example, a phenyl group that is substituted with a propyl group depicted as:has the following structure:
[0140] Illustrations showing substituents bonded to a non-cyclic group through a bond between two atoms are meant to indicate, unless specified otherwise, that the substituent may be bonded to either atom of the bond through which the substituent bond passes, according to techniques set forth herein or which are known in the field to which the instant disclosure pertains. Thus, for example, encompasses
[0141] As used herein, “binding agent” refers to any molecule, e.g., antibody, capable of binding with specificity to a given binding partner, e.g., antigen.
[0142] As used herein, the term “amino acid” refers to an organic compound that contains amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) , which is specific to each amino acid. Amino acids may be proteinogenic or non-proteinogenic. By “proteinogenic” is meant that the amino acid is one of the twenty naturally occurring amino acids found in proteins. The proteinogenic amino acids include alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine. By “non-proteinogenic” is meant that either the amino acid is not found naturally in protein or is not directly produced by cellular machinery (e.g., is the product of post-translational modification) . Non-limiting examples of non-proteinogenic amino acids include gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) , taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) , theanine (L-γ-glutamylethylamide) , hydroxyproline, beta-alanine, ornithine, and citrulline.
[0143] As used herein “peptide” , in its various grammatical forms, is defined in its broadest sense to refer to a compound of two or more subunit amino acids, amino acid analogs, or other peptidomimetics. The subunits may be linked by peptide bonds or by other bonds, for example, ester, ether, and the like. As used herein, the term “amino acid” refers to either natural and / or unnatural, proteinogenic or non-proteinogenic, or synthetic amino acids, including glycine and both the D and L optical isomers, and amino acid analogs and peptidomimetics. If the peptide chain is short, e.g., two, three or more amino acids, it is commonly called an oligopeptide. If the peptide chain is longer, the peptide is typically called a polypeptide or a protein. Full-length proteins, analogs, mutants, and fragments thereof are encompassed by the definition. The terms also include post-expression modifications of the polypeptide, for example, glycosylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and the like. Furthermore, as ionizable amino and carboxyl groups are present in the molecule, a particular peptide may be obtained as an acidic or basic salt, or in neutral form. A peptide may be obtained directly from the source organism or may be recombinantly or synthetically produced.
[0144] The amino acid sequence of an antibody can be numbered using any known numbering schemes, including those described by Kabat et al., ( “Kabat” numbering scheme) ; Al-Lazikani et al., 1997, J. Mol. Biol., 273: 927-948 ( “Chothia” numbering scheme) ; MacCallum et al., 1996, J. Mol. Biol. 262: 732-745 ( “Contact” numbering scheme) ; Lefranc et al., Dev. Comp. Immunol., 2003, 27: 55-77 ( “IMGT” numbering scheme) ; and Honegge and Pluckthun, J. Mol. Biol., 2001, 309: 657-70 ( “AHo” numbering scheme) . Unless otherwise specified, the numbering scheme used herein is the Kabat numbering scheme. However, selection of a numbering scheme is not intended to imply differences in sequences where they do not exist, and one of skill in the art can readily confirm a sequence position by examining the amino acid sequence of one or more antibodies. Unless stated otherwise, the “EU numbering scheme” is generally used when referring to a residue in an antibody heavy chain constant region (e.g., as reported in Kabat et al., supra) .
[0145] As used herein, the term “anti-HER2 antibody” refers to an antibody selectively binding to the HER2 receptor, e.g., trastuzumab (Herceptin) . In one embodiment, trastuzumab can be made and used as described in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,407,213 and 5,821,337, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference and for all purposes.
[0146] As used herein, the term “anti-HER3 antibody” refers to an antibody selectively binding to the HER3 receptor, e.g., patritumab. In one embodiment, patritumab can be made and used as described in U.S. Patent No. 7,705,130, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference and for all purposes.
[0147] As used herein, the term “anti-PTK7 antibody” refers to an antibody selectively binding to the PTK7 receptor, e.g., cofetuzumab. In one embodiment, cofetuzumab can be made and used as described in U.S. Patent No. 9,777,070, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference and for all purposes.
[0148] As used herein, the term “ifinatamab” refers to an antibody selectively binding to the B7H3 receptor. In one embodiment, ifinatamab can be made and used as described in U.S. Patent No. 10,117,952 and Internation Publication No. WO 2022 / 102695, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference and for all purposes.
[0149] The terms “cancer” and “cancerous” refer to or describe the physiological condition in mammals that is typically characterized by unregulated cell growth. A “tumor” comprises one or more cancerous cells. Examples of cancer include, but are not limited to, carcinoma, lymphoma, blastoma, sarcoma, and leukemia or lymphoid malignancies. More particular examples of such cancers include squamous cell cancer (e.g., epithelial squamous cell cancer) , lung cancer including small-cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer ( “NSCLC” ) , adenocarcinoma of the lung and squamous carcinoma of the lung, cancer of the peritoneum, hepatocellular cancer, gastric or stomach cancer including gastrointestinal cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, hepatoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial or uterine carcinoma, salivary gland carcinoma, kidney or renal cancer, prostate cancer, vulval cancer, thyroid cancer, hepatic carcinoma, anal carcinoma, penile carcinoma, as well as head and neck cancer.
[0150] As used herein, the term “cell-killing activity” refers to the activity that decreases or reduces the cell viability of the tested cell line.
[0151] In the claims that follow and in the preceding description, except where the context requires otherwise due to express language or necessary implication, the word “comprise” or variations such as “comprises” or “comprising” is used in an inclusive sense, i.e., to specify the presence of the stated features but not to preclude the presence or addition of further features in various embodiments.
[0152] The Stretcher Unit
[0153] The Stretcher unit (-A-) , when present, extends the framework of the linker to provide more distance between the self-stabilizing linker assembly and the Drug unit. A Stretcher unit is capable of linking the self-stabilizing linker assembly to the Cleavable unit when the Cleavable unit is present, the self-stabilizing linker assembly to the Spacer unit when the Cleavable unit is absent but the Spacer unit is present and the self-stabilizing linker assembly to the Drug unit when both the Cleavable unit and the Spacer unit are absent. As described, a Stretcher unit is capable of attaching to more than one Cleavable unit, Spacer unit, and / or Drug unit. In some embodiments, the self-stablizing linker assembly comprises parts of the compounds disclosed herein, which exclude the ligand (e.g., a binding agent (BA) or an antibody (Ab) ) , the Stretcher unit, the Cleavable unit, the Spacer unit and the Drug unit. In some embodiments, the self-stablizing linker assembly comprises further comprises the Stretcher unit. In some embodiments, the self-stablizing linker assembly comprises further comprises the Stretcher unit and / or the Cleavable unit. In some embodiments, the self-stablizing linker assembly comprises further comprises the Stretcher unit, the Cleavable unit and / or the Spacer unit.
[0154] The Stretcher unit can also act to alter the physiochemical properties of the Drug-Linker depending on the components of the Stretcher unit. In some aspects, the Stretcher unit is added in order to increase the solubility of the Drug-Linker and comprises one or multiple solubility-enhancing groups such as ionic groups or water-soluble polymers. Water-soluble typically includes any segment or polymer that is soluble in water at room temperature and includes poly (ethylene) glycol groups as well as other polymers such as polyethyleneimines.
[0155] A Stretcher unit can comprise one or multiple stretcher groups. Exemplary stretcher groups include, for example, -C1-10 alkylene-C (O) -, -C1-10 alkylene-C (O) -NH-C1-10 alkylene-C (O) -, - (CH2CH2O) u-CH2CH2-C (O) -, -CH [-C1-10 alkylene-COOH] -C (O) -, -C1-10 alkylene-C (O) -NH-C1-10 alkylene-C (O) -NH-C1-10 alkylene-C (O) -, -C (O) -C1-10 alkylene-C (O) -, -NH-C1-10 alkylene-C (═O) -, -NH- (CH2CH2O) u-CH2CH2-C (═O) -, -NH-C1-10alkylene-, -NH-C1-10 alkylene-NH-C (O) -C1-10 alkylene-, -NH-C1-10alkylene-C (O) -NH-C1-10alkylene-, -NH- (CH2CH2O) u-, -NH- (CH2CH2O) u-CH2-, -NH- (CH2CH2NH) u- (CH2) u-NH- (CH2CH2NH) u- (CH2) u-NH-C (O) - (CH2) u-NH- (C3-C8 carbocyclo) -, -NH- (arylene) -, -NH- (C3-C8 heterocyclo-) -, wherein each u is independently 1-10.
[0156] The Cleavable Unit
[0157] The Cleavable unit (-W-) , when present, is capable of linking the self-stabilizing linker assembly to the Spacer unit when the Spacer unit is present or the self-stabilizing linker assembly to the Drug unit when the Spacer unit is absent. The linkage from the self-stabilizing linker assembly to the Spacer unit or to the Drug unit can be directly from the self-stabilizing linker assembly when the Stretcher unit is absent or via the Stretcher unit if the Stretcher unit is present.
[0158] In some embodiment, the Cleavable unit is directly conjugated to the self-stabilizing linker assembly on one end and to the Drug unit on the other end. In other embodiments, the Cleavable unit is directly conjugated to the Stretcher unit on one end and to the Drug unit on the other end. In yet other embodiments, the Cleavable unit is directly conjugated to the Stretcher unit on one end and to the Spacer unit on the other end. In even yet other embodiments, the Cleavable unit is directly conjugated to the self-stabilizing linker assembly on one end and to the Spacer unit on the other end. Any of the specifically described self-stabilizing linker assemblies described herein can be used in these embodiments.
[0159] The Cleavable unit is capable of forming a cleavable bond with a Drug unit (PA) or a Spacer unit. Reactive groups for forming cleavable bonds can include, for example, sulfhydryl groups to form disulfide bonds, aldehyde, ketone, or hydrazine groups to form hydrazone bonds, carboxylic or amino groups to form peptide bonds, and carboxylic or hydroxy groups to form ester bonds. In some embodiments, the Cleavable unit comprises H, OH, COOH and NH2. In some embodiments, the Cleavable unit comprises a protecting group. In some embodiments, the Cleavable unit comprises substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl. In some embodiment, the Cleavable unit comprises a reactive group that can form a bond with a Drug unit (PA) or a Spacer unit.
[0160] The nature of the Cleavable unit can vary widely. For example, cleavable linkers include disulfide containing linkers that are cleavable through disulfide exchange, acid-labile linkers that are cleavable at acidic pH, and linkers that are cleavable by hydrolases, peptidases, esterases, and glucoronidases.
[0161] In some embodiments, the structure and sequence of the Cleavable unit is such that the unit is cleaved by the action of enzymes present at the target site. In other aspects, the Cleavable unit can be cleavable by other mechanisms. The Cleavable unit can comprise one or multiple cleavage sites.
[0162] In some embodiments, the Cleavable unit comprises one amino acid or one or more sequences of amino acids. The Cleavable unit can comprise, for example, a monopeptide, a dipeptide, tripeptide, tetrapeptide, pentapeptide, hexapeptide, heptapeptide, octapeptide, nonapeptide, decapeptide, undecapeptide or dodecapeptide unit.
[0163] Each amino acid can be natural or unnatural and / or a D-or L-isomer provided of course that there is a cleavable bond. In some embodiments, the Cleavable unit comprises only natural amino acids. In some aspects, the Cleavable unit comprises 1 to 12 amino acids in contiguous sequence.
[0164] In some embodiments, each amino acid is independently selected from the group consisting of alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, asparagine, histidine, glycine, glutamic acid, glutamine, phenylalanine, lysine, leucine, serine, tyrosine, threonine, isoleucine, proline, tryptophan, valine, cysteine, methionine, selenocysteine, ornithine, penicillamine, β-alanine, aminoalkanoic acid, aminoalkynoic acid, aminoalkanedioic acid, aminobenzoic acid, amino-heterocyclo-alkanoic acid, heterocyclo-carboxylic acid, citrulline, statine, diaminoalkanoic acid, and derivatives thereof. In some embodiments, each amino acid is independently selected from the group consisting of alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, asparagine, histidine, glycine, glutamic acid, glutamine, phenylalanine, lysine, leucine, serine, tyrosine, threonine, isoleucine, proline, tryptophan, valine, cysteine, methionine, and selenocysteine. In some embodiments, each amino acid is independently selected from the group consisting of alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, asparagine, histidine, glycine, glutamic acid, glutamine, phenylalanine, lysine, leucine, serine, tyrosine, threonine, isoleucine, proline, tryptophan, and valine. In some embodiments, each amino acid is selected from the proteinogenic or the non-proteinogenic amino acids.
[0165] In another embodiment, each amino acid is independently selected from the group consisting of the following L- (natural) amino acids: alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, asparagine, histidine, glycine, glutamic acid, glutamine, phenylalanine, lysine, leucine, serine, tyrosine, threonine, isoleucine, tryptophan and valine.
[0166] In another embodiment, each amino acid is independently selected from the group consisting of the following D-isomers of these natural amino acids: alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, asparagine, histidine, glycine, glutamic acid, glutamine, phenylalanine, lysine, leucine, serine, tyrosine, threonine, isoleucine, tryptophan and valine.
[0167] In some embodiments, the bond between the Cleavable unit and the Drug unit can be enzymatically cleaved by one or more enzymes, including a tumor-associated protease, to liberate the Drug unit (-PA) , which in one embodiment is protonated in vivo upon release to provide a Drug (PA) . In some embodiments, the Drug unit includes a cytotoxic agent. In some embodiments, the cytotoxic agent is released in vivo upon the cleavage.
[0168] Useful Cleavable units can be designed and optimized in their selectivity for enzymatic cleavage by a particular enzyme, for example, a tumor-associated protease. In one embodiment, a linkage (or bond) between the Cleavable unit and the Drug unit or Spacer unit is that which cleavage is catalyzed by cathepsin B, C and D, or a plasmin protease.
[0169] In certain embodiments, the Cleavable unit can comprise only natural amino acids. In other embodiments, the Cleavable unit can comprise only non-natural amino acids. In some embodiments, the Cleavable unit can comprise a natural amino acid linked to a non-natural amino acid. In some embodiments, the Cleavable unit can comprise a natural amino acid linked to a D-isomer of a natural amino acid.
[0170] An exemplary Cleavable unit is the dipeptide -Val-Cit-, -Phe-Lys-or -Val-Ala.
[0171] In some embodiments, the Cleavable unit comprises a peptide and comprises from 1 to 12 amino acids. In some such embodiments, the peptide is conjugated directly to the Drug unit and the Spacer unit is absent. In some such embodiments, the Stretcher unit and Spacer unit is absent. In one aspect, the peptide is a dipeptide.
[0172] In some embodiments, the Cleavable unit -Ww'-is represented by - (-AA-) 1-12-, or (-AA-AA-) 1-6 wherein AA is at each occurrence independently selected from natural or non-natural amino acids. In one aspect, AA is at each occurrence independently selected from natural amino acids. One of skill in the art would appreciate that amino acids are typically linked to the Drug unit or Spacer unit through functional units present in the amino acid, e.g., its carboxylic acid or amino termini.
[0173] The Spacer Unit
[0174] The Spacer unit (-Y-) , when present, links a Cleavable unit to the Drug unit or a Stretcher unit to the Drug unit or a self-stabilizing linker assembly to a Drug unit. Like the Stretcher unit, the Spacer unit, when present can act to extend the framework of the linker. The Spacer unit can comprise multiple self-immolative or non-self immolative groups. In some embodiments, the Spacer unit comprises one or more self-immolative groups. In this context, the term “self-immolative group” refers to a bifunctional chemical moiety that is capable of covalently linking together two spaced chemical moieties into a normally stable tripartite molecule. In some embodiments, it spontaneously separates from the second chemical moiety if its bond to the first moiety is cleaved. In other embodiments, the Spacer unit is not self-immolative. In these embodiments, part or all of the Spacer unit remains attached to the Drug unit.
[0175] In some embodiments, -Y-is a self-immolative group and is linked to a Cleavable unit via the methylene carbon atom of the self-immolative group, and linked connected directly to the Drug unit via a carbonate, carbamate or ether group.
[0176] In some embodiments, -Yy’ -is a p-aminobenzyl alcohol (PAB) unit whose phenylene portion is optionally substituted with -C1-C8 alkyl, -O- (C1-C8 alkyl) , -halogen, -nitro or -cyano.
[0177] In another embodiment, -Yy’ -can be a carbonate group. An unsubstituted PAB unit is as follows: -NH- (C6H4) -CH2-O-C (=O) -.
[0178] In some embodiments, -Yy’ -is -NH-C1-10alkylene-O-, or -NH- (p-C6H4) -C1-10alkylene-O-.
[0179] Other examples of self-immolative groups include, but are not limited to, aromatic compounds that are electronically similar to the PAB group such as 2-aminoimidazol-5-methanol derivatives (see, e.g., Hay et al., 1999, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 9: 2237) and ortho or para-aminobenzylacetals. Spacers can be used that undergo cyclization upon amide bond hydrolysis, such as substituted and unsubstituted 4-aminobutyric acid amides (see, e.g., Rodrigues et al., 1995, Chemistry Biology 2: 223) , appropriately substituted bicyclo [2.2.1] and bicyclo [2.2.2] ring systems (see, e.g., Storm et al., 1972, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 94: 5815) and 2-aminophenylpropionic acid amides (see, e.g., Amsberry et al., 1990, J. Org. Chem. 55: 5867) . Elimination of amine-containing drugs that are substituted at the α-position of glycine (see, e.g., Kingsbury et al., 1984, J. Med. Chem. 27: 1447) are also examples of self-immolative groups.
[0180] Other suitable Spacer units are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005 / 0238649, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein and for all purposes.
[0181] Exemplary Stretcher units, Cleavable units, and Spacer units that can be used with the present compositions and methods are described in International Publication Nos. WO 2004 / 010957, WO 2007 / 038658, and WO 2005 / 112919, U.S. Patent Nos. 6,214,345, 7,659,241, 7,498,298, 7,968,687, and 8,163,888, and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009 / 0111756, 2009 / 0018086, and 2009 / 0274713, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference and for all purposes. 5.2 Conjugates
[0182] In embodiments, a conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, solvate, or stereoisomer thereof, includes a protein linked to at least one payload or payload residue (also referred to herein as a Drug unit) and linked to at least one hydrophilic moiety via a covalent linker. The covalent linker is bonded directly or indirectly to each of the protein, the payload residue, and the hydrophilic moiety. In some embodiments, the protein is a binding agent, such as an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
[0183] In some embodiments, the protein is bonded directly to a covalent linker, such as a linker set forth herein. In such cases, the binding agent is one bond position away from the covalent linker. The covalent linker may also be bonded directly to a payload residue such that the covalent linker is one bond position away from a payload residue. The payload may be any payload set forth herein. In some embodiments, the covalent linker is also bonded directly to a hydrophilic moiety such that the covalent linker is one bond position away from a hydrophilic moiety. The hydrophilic moiety may be any hydrophilic moiety (HG) set forth herein.
[0184] In some embodiments, the binding agent is bonded indirectly to a covalent linker such that the binding agent is more than one bond position away from the covalent linker. In such cases, the binding agent is bonded through another moiety to the covalent linker. For example, the binding agent may be bonded to a maleimide group which is bonded to a polyethylene glycol group which is bonded to the covalent linker.
[0185] In some examples, the covalent linker is also bonded indirectly to a payload residue such that the covalent linker is more than one bond position away from a payload residue. The covalent linker is bonded through another moiety to the payload. For example, the covalent linker may be bonded to a dipeptide, such as but not limited to Val-Ala or Val-Cit, which may be bonded to PAB which may be bonded to the payload residue.
[0186] In some embodiments, the covalent linker is bonded indirectly to a hydrophilic moiety such that the covalent linker is more than one bond position away from a hydrophilic moiety. The covalent linker is bonded through another moiety to the hydrophilic moiety.
[0187] Provided herein are ADCs, e.g., for use in therapy, such as cancer therapy. 5.2.1 Aspect 1
[0188] In some embodiments, provided herein is a is a compound of Formula (I) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: BA is a binding agent selected from a humanized, chimeric, or human antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; X and X’ are independently selected from: each of R1a, R1a’, R1b, R1b’, R2a, R2a’, R2b and R2b’ is, independently, H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted C3-5 cycloalkyl; L and L’ are independently selected from –C (=O) NR–, –NRC (=O) –, –NR–, –NRC (=O) –NR–, –NRC (=S) –NR–, –OC (=O) –NR–, –NR-S (=O) -NR–, –O-S (=O) -NR–, –NR-S (=O) -O–or a bond, wherein R is H, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl; or L and L’ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered or 6-membered heteroaryl, or aryl; each of m, m’, n and n’ is, independently, 0, 1, 2 or 3; B is CR’ or N, wherein R’ is H, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl; and R3 is: —Aa′—Ww′—Yy′—-PA; A is a Stretcher unit; a’ is 0 or 1; W is a Cleavable unit; w’ is 0 or 1; Y is a Spacer unit; y’ is 0 or 1; PA is an optional payload residue or an optional Drug unit; and x is from 1 to 15.
[0189] In some embodiments, X and X’ are In some embodiments, X is and X’ is In some embodiments, X is and X’ is In some embodiments, X and X’ are In some embodiments, X is and X’ is In some embodiments, X is and X’ is In some embodiments, X and X’ are In some embodiments, X is and X’ is In some embodiments, X is and X’ is In some embodiments, X and X’ are In some embodiments, X is and X’ is In some embodiments, X is and X’ is In some embodiments, X is and X’ is In some embodiments, X is and X’ is In some embodiments, X is and X’ is In some embodiments, X is and X’ is
[0190] In some embodiments, each of R1a, R1a’, R1b, R1b’, R2a, R2a’, R2b and R2b’ is H. In some embodiments, each of R1a, R1a’, R1b, R1b’, R2a, R2a’, R2b and R2b’ is independently, H, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl.
[0191] In some embodiments, L and L’ are a bond. In some embodiments, L is–C (=O) NR–. In some embodiments, L is –NRC (=O) –. In some embodiments, L is –NR–. In some embodiments, R is H. In some embodiments, L and L’ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered or 6-membered heteroaryl, or aryl. In some embodiments, L and L’ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclyl, or substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered or 6-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, L and L’ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, L and L’ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form substituted or unsubstituted 6-membered heterocyclyl.
[0192] In some embodiments, m is 0. In some embodiments, m is 1. In some embodiments, m is 2. In some embodiments, m is 3. In some embodiments, n is 0. In some embodiments, n is 1. In some embodiments, n is 2. In some embodiments, n is 3. In some embodiments, m’ is 0. In some embodiments, m’ is 1. In some embodiments, m’ is 2. In some embodiments, m’ is 3. In some embodiments, n’ is 0. In some embodiments, n’ is 1. In some embodiments, n’ is 2. In some embodiments, n’ is 3.
[0193] In some embodiments, B is N. In some embodiments, B is CR’. In some embodiments, R’ is H.
[0194] In some embodiments, R3 is H, OH, COOH or NH2. In some embodiments, R3 is H. In some embodiments, R3 is OH. In some embodiments, R3 is COOH. In some embodiments, R3 is NH2. In some embodiments, R3 is acetyl. In some embodiments, R3 is substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R3 is a protecting group.
[0195] In some embodiments, x is from 1 to 12. In some embodiments, x is from 1 to 10. In some embodiments, x is from 2 to 10. In some embodiments, x is from 3 to 10. In some embodiments, x is from 4 to 10. In one embodiment, x is from 4 to 9. In some embodiments, x is from 4 to 8. In some embodiments, x is from 3.5 to 4.0. In some embodiments, x is 4.0.
[0196] In some embodiments, BA is ifinatamab, 6E7, cofetuzumab, patritumab, or trastuzumab, or an antigen binding fragment of ifinatamab, 6E7, cofetuzumab, patritumab, or trastuzumab.
[0197] In some embodiments, BA is a humanized, chimeric, or human antibody, or an antigen binding fragment thereof, which binds to one or more of receptors chosen from HER2, HER3, CD7, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD25, CD27, CD30, CD33, CD37, CD38, CD46, CD70, CD71, CD74, CD79b, CD123, CD138, CD142, CD166, CD205, CD228, CCR2, CA6, p-Cadherin, CEA, CEACAM5, C4.4a, DLL3, EGFR, EGFRVIII, ENPP3, EphA2, EphrinA, FLOR1, FGFR2, GCC, cKIT, LIV1, LY6E, MSLN, MUC16, NaPi2b, Nectin4, gpNMB, PSMA, SLITRK6, STEAP1, TROP2, 5T4, SSEA4, GloboH, Gb5, STn, Tn, B7H3, BCMA, MUC1, cMet, ROR1 MSLN, FRa, CLDN18.2, CLDN6, PTK7, Axl, FGFR2b, CLL1, CCR7, GPC1, GPC3, B7H3, CEA, FGFR2b, CD74, CLL1, ISAC, cMet, CDCP1, ITGB6, ADAM9, or CD45-iADC.
[0198] In some embodiments, the compound is a compound of Formulas (IIa) , (IIb) or (IIc) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ab is trastuzumab or 6E7.
[0199] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ab is trastuzumab or 6E7.
[0200] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ab is trastuzumab or 6E7.
[0201] In some embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound provided herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
[0202] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating a proliferative disease, a metabolic disease, inflammation, or a neurodegenerative disease in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound provided herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition provided herein. 5.2.2 Aspect 2
[0203] In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of Formula (III) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: X and X’ are independently selected from: each of R1a, R1a’, R1b, R1b’, R2a, R2a’, R2b and R2b’ is, independently, H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted C3-5 cycloalkyl; L and L’ are independently selected from –C (=O) NR–, –NRC (=O) –, –NR–, –NRC (=O) –NR–, –NRC (=S) –NR–, –OC (=O) –NR–, –NR-S (=O) -NR–, –O-S (=O) -NR–, –NR-S (=O) -O–or a bond, wherein R is H, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl; or L and L’ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered or 6-membered heteroaryl, or aryl; each of m, m’, n and n’ is, independently, 0, 1, 2 or 3; B is CR’ or N, wherein R’ is H, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl; and R3 is: —Aa′—Ww′—Yy′—PA; A is a Stretcher unit; a’ is 0 or 1; W is a Cleavable unit; w’ is 0 or 1; Y is a Spacer unit; y’ is 0 or 1; and PA is an optional payload residue or an optional Drug unit.
[0204] In some embodiments, X and X’ are In some embodiments, X is and X’ is In some embodiments, X is and X’ is In some embodiments, X and X’ are
[0205] In some embodiments, each of R1a, R1a’, R1b, R1b’, R2a, R2a’, R2b and R2b’ is H. In some embodiments, each of R1a, R1a’, R1b, R1b’, R2a, R2a’, R2b and R2b’ is independently, H, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl.
[0206] In some embodiments, L and L’ are a bond. In some embodiments, L is–C (=O) NR–. In some embodiments, L is –NRC (=O) –. In some embodiments, L is –NR–. In some embodiments, R is H. In some embodiments, L and L’ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered or 6-membered heteroaryl, or aryl. In some embodiments, L and L’ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclyl, or substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered or 6-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, L and L’ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, L and L’ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form substituted or unsubstituted 6-membered heterocyclyl.
[0207] In some embodiments, m is 0. In some embodiments, m is 1. In some embodiments, m is 2. In some embodiments, m is 3. In some embodiments, n is 0. In some embodiments, n is 1. In some embodiments, n is 2. In some embodiments, n is 3. In some embodiments, m’ is 0. In some embodiments, m’ is 1. In some embodiments, m’ is 2. In some embodiments, m’ is 3. In some embodiments, n’ is 0. In some embodiments, n’ is 1. In some embodiments, n’ is 2. In some embodiments, n’ is 3.
[0208] In some embodiments, B is N. In some embodiments, B is CR’. In some embodiments, R’ is H.
[0209] In some embodiments, R3 is H, OH, COOH or NH2. In some embodiments, R3 is H. In some embodiments, R3 is OH. In some embodiments, R3 is COOH. In some embodiments, R3 is NH2. In some embodiments, R3 is acetyl. In some embodiments, R3 is substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R3 is a protecting group.
[0210] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (III) is selected from the group consisting of: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0211] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (III) is: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 5.2.3 Aspect 3
[0212] In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of Formulas (IVa) , (IVb) , (IVc) or (IVd) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: BA is a binding agent selected from a humanized, chimeric, or human antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; A is a Stretcher unit; a’ is 0 or 1; W is a Cleavable unit; w’ is 0 or 1; Y is a Spacer unit; y’ is 0 or 1; PA is an optional payload residue or an optional Drug unit; and x is from 1 to 15.
[0213] In some embodiments, x is from 1 to 12. In some embodiments, x is from 1 to 10. In some embodiments, x is from 2 to 10. In some embodiments, x is from 3 to 10. In some embodiments, x is from 4 to 10. In one embodiment, x is from 4 to 9. In some embodiments, x is from 4 to 8. In some embodiments, x is from 3.0 to 4.0. In some embodiments, x is 3.05 or 4.0.
[0214] In some embodiments, BA is ifinatamab, 6E7, cofetuzumab, patritumab, or trastuzumab, or an antigen binding fragment of ifinatamab, 6E7, cofetuzumab, patritumab, or trastuzumab.
[0215] In some embodiments, BA is a humanized, chimeric, or human antibody, or an antigen binding fragment thereof, which binds to one or more of receptors chosen from HER2, HER3, CD7, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD25, CD27, CD30, CD33, CD37, CD38, CD46, CD70, CD71, CD74, CD79b, CD123, CD138, CD142, CD166, CD205, CD228, CCR2, CA6, p-Cadherin, CEA, CEACAM5, C4.4a, DLL3, EGFR, EGFRVIII, ENPP3, EphA2, EphrinA, FLOR1, FGFR2, GCC, cKIT, LIV1, LY6E, MSLN, MUC16, NaPi2b, Nectin4, gpNMB, PSMA, SLITRK6, STEAP1, TROP2, 5T4, SSEA4, GloboH, Gb5, STn, Tn, B7H3, BCMA, MUC1, cMet, ROR1 MSLN, FRa, CLDN18.2, CLDN6, PTK7, Axl, FGFR2b, CLL1, CCR7, GPC1, GPC3, B7H3, CEA, FGFR2b, CD74, CLL1, ISAC, cMet, CDCP1, ITGB6, ADAM9, or CD45-iADC.
[0216] In some embodiments, the compound is: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ab is trastuzumab or 6E7.
[0217] In some embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound provided herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
[0218] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating a proliferative disease, a metabolic disease, inflammation, or a neurodegenerative disease in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound provided herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition provided herein. 5.2.4 Aspect 4
[0219] In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of Formula (V) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: X is: each of R1a, R1b, R2a and R2b is, independently, H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted C3-5 cycloalkyl; L is selected from –C (=O) NR–, –NRC (=O) –, –NR–or a bond, wherein R is H, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl; each of m and n is, independently, 0, 1, 2 or 3; each of Y1 and Y2 is, independently, H or halogen, provided that at least one of Y1 and Y2 is halogen; B is CR’ or N, wherein R’ is H, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl; and R3 is: —Aa′—Ww′—Yy′—PA; A is a Stretcher unit; a’ is 0 or 1; W is a Cleavable unit; w’ is 0 or 1; Y is a Spacer unit; y’ is 0 or 1; and PA is an optional payload residue or an optional Drug unit.
[0220] In some embodiments, each of R1a, R1b, R2a and R2b is H. In some embodiments, each of R1a, R1b, R2a and R2b is, independently, H, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, L is–C (=O) NR–. In some embodiments, L is –NRC (=O) –. In some embodiments, L is –NR–. In some embodiments, R is H.
[0221] In some embodiments, m is 0. In some embodiments, m is 1. In some embodiments, m is 2. In some embodiments, m is 3. In some embodiments, n is 0. In some embodiments, n is 1. In some embodiments, n is 2. In some embodiments, n is 3.
[0222] In some embodiments, B is N. In some embodiments, B is CR’. In some embodiments, R’ is H.
[0223] In some embodiments, R3 is H, OH, COOH or NH2. In some embodiments, R3 is H. In some embodiments, R3 is OH. In some embodiments, R3 is COOH. In some embodiments, R3 is NH2. In some embodiments, R3 is acetyl. In some embodiments, R3 is substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R3 is a protecting group.
[0224] In some embodiments, Y1 is H and Y2 is Br. In some embodiments, Y1 and Y2 are both Br.
[0225] In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound that is: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of R3a and R3b is, independently, H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-5 cycloalkyl, –CH2-COOH, –CH2-CONH2, or –CH2CONR.
[0226] In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound that is: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 5.3. Processes for Manufacture of ADC Preparation
[0227] In some embodiments, provided herein a process for the manufacture of an ADC preparation, comprising conjugating a humanized, chimeric, or human antibody, or an antigen binding fragment thereof, with a compound provided herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, provided herein is an ACD preparation, when manufactured according to a process provided herein.
[0228] In some embodiments, the ADC preparation comprises a DAR4 of at least 65%. In some embodiments, the ADC preparation comprises a DAR4 of at least 70%. In some embodiments, the ADC preparation comprises a DAR4 of at least 75%. In some embodiments, the ADC preparation comprises a DAR4 of at least 80%. In some embodiments, the ADC preparation comprises a DAR4 of at least 85%. In some embodiments, the ADC preparation comprises a DAR4 of at least 90%. In some embodiments, the ADC preparation comprises a DAR4 of at least 95%. In some embodiments, the ADC preparation comprises a DAR4 of at least 98%. In some embodiments, the ADC preparation comprises a DAR4 of at least 99%.
[0229] In some embodiments, the ADC preparation has not been subjected to purification to isolate an ADC from the ADC preparation, the isolated ADC having a specific DAR.
[0230] Other examples of self-immolative groups include, but are not limited to, aromatic compounds that are electronically similar to the PAB unit such as 2-aminoimidazol-5-methanol derivatives (see, e.g., Hay et al., 1999, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 9: 2237) and ortho-or para-aminobenzylacetals. Suitable Spacer units include those that undergo cyclization upon amide bond hydrolysis, such as substituted and unsubstituted 4-aminobutyric acid amides (see, e.g., Rodrigues et al., 1995, Chemistry Biology 2: 223) , appropriately substituted bicyclo [2.2.1] and bicyclo [2.2.2] ring systems (see, e.g., Storm et al., 1972, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 94: 5815) , and 2-aminophenylpropionic acid amides (see, e.g., Amsberry et al., 1990, J. Org. Chem. 55: 5867) . Elimination of amine-containing drugs that are substituted at the α-position of glycine (see, e.g., Kingsbury et al., 1984, J. Med. Chem. 27: 1447) are also examples of suitable self-immolative groups.
[0231] Other suitable Spacer units are disclosed in U.S. Publication No. 2005 / 0238649, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein and for all purposes.
[0232] Suitable Stretcher units, Cleavable units, and Spacer units for use with the presently disclosed linkers, platforms, and ADCs care described in International Publication Nos. WO 2004 / 010957, WO 2007 / 038658, WO 2005 / 112919 and WO 2017 / 095805, U.S. Patent Nos. 6,214,345, 7,659,241, 7,498,298, 7,968,687 and 8,163,888, and U.S. Publication Nos. 2009 / 0111756, 2009 / 0018086 and 2009 / 0274713, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference and for all purposes. 5.4. Binding Agents
[0233] Provided herein are binding agents (BA) , e.g., for use in an ADC described herein.
[0234] Compounds of Formula (I) may include any BA described herein.
[0235] In some embodiments, BA is an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof, e.g., a humanized, chimeric, or human antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof.
[0236] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof specifically binds human B7H3. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is ifinatamab.
[0237] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof specifically binds PTK7. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is cofetuzumab.
[0238] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof specifically binds HER3. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is patritumab.
[0239] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof specifically binds HER2. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is trastuzumab.
[0240] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is a monoclonal antibody, a chimeric antibody, a humanized antibody, a human engineered antibody, a single chain antibody (scFv) , a Fab fragment, a Fab’ fragment, or a F (ab’) 2 fragment.
[0241] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof has antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) or complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) .
[0242] In some embodiments, the Fc domain is an IgG1 with reduced effector function. 5.5. Payloads
[0243] Provided herein are payloads (PA) , e.g., for use in a platform and / or ADC described herein.
[0244] Compounds of Formula (I) may include any PA described herein
[0245] In some embodiments, each PA is independently a cytotoxic agent.
[0246] In some embodiments, each PA is independently selected from the group consisting of DXd, 7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin (SN-38) , and monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) .
[0247] In some embodiments, each PA independently is a compound of Formula (VI) : and each of R9 and R10 is independently hydrogen, halogen, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl.
[0248] In some embodiments, each PA independently is
[0249] In some embodiments, the ADC has the following formula: 5.6. Methods or Processes of Making the Conjugates
[0250] Provided herein are methods of preparing a conjugate by contacting a binding agent (BA) with a linker-payload compound under conditions suitable for forming a bond between the binding agent and the linker-payload compound. The reaction conditions may be any suitable reaction conditions known in the art. The binding agent may be an antibody and the bond may form an antibody-drug conjugate.
[0251] Examples of such reactions are provided in the Examples below.
[0252] In some embodiments, methods of making a conjugate including treating or contacting a compound with a binding agent under coupling conditions. The compound may include a reactive linker bonded to at least one payload. The compound may be any of the linker or platform compounds disclosed herein. 5.7. Pharmaceutical Compositions
[0253] Also provided herein are compositions, including pharmaceutical compositions, comprising a compound or an ADC provided herein. In some embodiments, the compositions (e.g., pharmaceutical compositions) further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
[0254] Pharmaceutical compositions in accordance with the present disclosure can be prepared by mixing an antibody drug conjugate having the desired degree of purity with one or more optional pharmaceutically acceptable carriers (Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences 16th edition, Osol, A. Ed. (1980) ) , in the form of lyophilized formulations or aqueous solutions. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are generally nontoxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed, and include, but are not limited to, buffers such as phosphate, citrate, and other organic acids; antioxidants including ascorbic acid and methionine; preservatives (such as octadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride; hexamethonium chloride; benzalkonium chloride; benzethonium chloride; phenol, butyl or benzyl alcohol; alkyl parabens such as methyl or propyl paraben; catechol; resorcinol; cyclohexanol; 3-pentanol; and m-cresol) ; low molecular weight (less than about 10 residues) polypeptides; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, histidine, arginine, or lysine; monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including glucose, mannose, or dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; sugars such as sucrose, mannitol, trehalose or sorbitol; salt-forming counter-ions such as sodium; metal complexes (e.g., Zn-protein complexes) ; and / or non-ionic surfactants such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) . Exemplary pharmaceutically acceptable carriers herein further include interstitial drug dispersion agents such as soluble neutral-active hyaluronidase glycoproteins (sHASEGP) , for example, human soluble PH-20 hyaluronidase glycoproteins, such as rHuPH20 ( Baxter International, Inc. ) . Certain exemplary sHASEGPs and methods of use, including rHuPH20, are described in US Patent Nos. US 7,871,607 and 2006 / 0104968. In one aspect, a sHASEGP is combined with one or more additional glycosaminoglycanases such as chondroitinases.
[0255] Exemplary lyophilized formulations are described in US Patent No. 6,267,958. Aqueous formulations include those described in US Patent No. 6,171,586 and WO2006 / 044908, the latter formulations including a histidine-acetate buffer.
[0256] Sustained-release preparations can be prepared. Suitable examples of sustained-release preparations include semipermeable matrices of solid hydrophobic polymers containing the antibody drug conjugate, which matrices are in the form of shaped articles, e.g. films, or microcapsules.
[0257] The formulations to be used for in vivo administration are generally sterile. Sterility can be readily accomplished, e.g., by filtration through sterile filtration membranes. 5.8. Methods of Using
[0258] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating a disease or disorder (e.g., a cancer) in a subject (e.g., patient) in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of a compound or an ADC provided herein.
[0259] The antibody drug conjugates disclosed herein can be administered by any suitable means, including parenteral, intrapulmonary, and intranasal, and, if desired for local treatment, intralesional administration. Parenteral infusions include intramuscular, intravenous, intraarterial, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous administration. Dosing can be by any suitable route, e.g., by injection, such as intravenous or subcutaneous injection, depending in part on whether the administration is brief or chronic. Various dosing schedules, including but not limited to, single or multiple administrations over various time-points, bolus administration, and pulse infusion are contemplated herein.
[0260] Antibody drug conjugates of the disclosure can be formulated, dosed, and administered in a fashion consistent with good medical practice. Factors for consideration in this context include the particular disorder being treated, the particular mammal being treated, the clinical condition of the individual patient, the cause of the disorder, the site of delivery of the agent, the method of administration, the scheduling of administration, and other factors known to medical practitioners.
[0261] In some embodiments, provided herein is the use of a compound provided herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition provided herein, for the therapeutic treatment of a proliferative disease, a metabolic disease, inflammation, or a neurodegenerative disease. In some embodiments, provided herein is the use of a compound provided herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition provided herein, for the preparation of a medicament for the therapeutic treatment of a proliferative disease, a metabolic disease, inflammation, or a neurodegenerative disease. In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the therapeutic treatment of a proliferative disease, a metabolic disease, inflammation, or a neurodegenerative disease. 6. EXAMPLES
[0262] The examples below are intended to be exemplary and should not be considered limiting in any way. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods in the Examples described below are conventional methods. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents and materials are commercially available. All solvents and chemicals employed were of analytical grade or chemical purity. Solvents were redistilled before use. Anhydrous solvents were prepared according to standard methods or reference methods. Silica gel (100-200 meshes) for column chromatography and silica gel (GF254) for thin-layer chromatography (TLC) are commercially available from Tsingdao Haiyang Chemical Co., Ltd. or Yantai Chemical Co., Ltd. of China; all were eluted with petroleum ether (60-90 ℃) / ethyl acetate (v / v) and visualized by iodine or the solution of molybdphosphoric acid in ethanol unless otherwise specified. All extraction solvents, unless otherwise specified, were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. 1H NMR spectra were recorded on Bruck-400, Varian 400MR nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer with TMS (tetramethylsilane) as the internal standard. Coupling constants were given in hertz. Peaks were reported as singlet (s) , doublet (d) , triplet (t) , quartet (q) , quintet (p) , sextet (h) , septet (hept) , multiplet (m) , or a combination thereof; br stands for broad. LC / MS data was recorded by using Agilent1100, 1200 High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer (LC-MSD Trap) equipped with a diode array detector (DAD) detected at 214 nm and 254 nm, and an ion trap (ESI source) . All compound names except the reagents were generated by 18.0.
[0263] For the sake of conciseness, certain abbreviations are used herein. One example is the single letter abbreviation to represent an amino acid. The amino acids and their corresponding three letter and single letter abbreviations are as follows:
[0264] In the following examples, the following abbreviations are used: UPLC analysis methods
[0265] Method A: Mobile phase A: 0.1%FA in water, B: MeCN; Gradient: 10%B maintain 0.2 min, 10%-95%B, 5.8 min, 95%B maintain 0.5 min; Flow rate: 0.6 mL / min; Column: BEH C18 1.7μm.
[0266] Method B: Mobile phase A: 0.1%FA in water, B: MeCN; Gradient: 10%B maintain 0.5 min, 10%-90%B, 2.5 min, 90%B maintain 0.2 min; Flow rate: 0.6 mL / min; Column: BEH C18 1.7μm.
[0267] Method C: Mobile phase A: 0.1%FA in water, B: MeCN; Gradient: 10%B maintain 0.2 min, 10%-90%B, 1.3 min, 90%B maintain 0.3 min; Flow rate: 0.6 mL / min; Column: ACQUITY BEH C18 1.7μm.Example 1: Synthesis of Conjugator Compounds Example 1-1
[0268] Step 1: Methyl (R) -3- ( ( (benzyloxy) carbonyl) amino) -4- ( (tert-butoxycarbonyl) amino) butanoate (1-1b)
[0269] 1-1a (10.00 g, 28.4 mmol) and K2CO3 (4.31 g, 31.2 mmol) were added into anhydrous DMF (50 mL) , and the resulting mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 0.5 h before addition of CH3I (8.06 g, 56.8 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for another 2 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. After complete reaction, the reaction mixture was diluted with EA (100 mL) and washed with brine (30 mL*3) and H2O (30 mL*2) . The organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was used in the next step without purification. The desired product was obtained as a yellow solid (9.70 g, 93.3%yield) .
[0270] MS (ESI) m / z: 267.2 [M-Boc+H] +.
[0271] Step 2: Benzyl tert-butyl (4-hydroxybutane-1, 2-diyl) (R) -dicarbamate (1-1c)
[0272] 1-1b (3.50 g, 9.56 mmol) was dissolved in THF (35 mL) and LiBH4 (48 mL, 95.6 mmol, 2 M) was added at 0 ℃. After addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 h. The reaction process was monitored by TLC (DCM / MeOH) and LCMS. After complete reaction, saturated aqueous NH4Cl (10 mL) was added to quench the reaction. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (80 mL) and extracted with EA (50 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (40 mL*2) and water (40 mL*2) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure and further purified by flash column chromatography (DMC / MeOH=100 / 0~90 / 10) to afford 1-1c (2.83 g, 85.0%yield) as a colorless oil.
[0273] MS (ESI) m / z: 239.4 [M-Boc+H] +.
[0274] Step 3: Benzyl tert-butyl (4- ( ( (4-nitrophenoxy) carbonyl) oxy) butane-1, 2-diyl) (R) -dicarbamate (1-1e)
[0275] 1-1c (3.39 g, 10.4 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (35 mL) followed by the addition of DIEA (4.03 g, 31.2 mmol) and 1-1d (4.76 g, 15.7 mmol) at 25 ℃. After addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 h. The reaction process was monitored by TLC (PE / EA) and LCMS. After complete reaction, the reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (80 mL) and extracted with EA (50 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (40 mL*2) and water (40 mL*2) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure and further purified by flash column chromatography (PE / EA=100 / 0~0 / 100) to afford 1-1e (5.05 g, 94.2%yield) as a white solid.
[0276] MS (ESI) m / z: 404.6 [M-Boc+H] +.
[0277] Step 4: (R) -7- ( ( (benzyloxy) carbonyl) amino) -2, 2-dimethyl-4, 11-dioxo-3, 10-dioxa-5, 12-diazapentadecan-15-oic acid (1-1g)
[0278] 1-1e (5.05 g, 10.0 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (40 mL) followed by the addition of 1-1f (1.79 g, 17.9 mmol) at 25 ℃. After addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 h. The reaction process was monitored by TLC (PE / EA) and LCMS. After complete reaction, the reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (80 mL) and extracted with EA (50 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (40 mL*2) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure and further purified by flash column chromatography (PE / EA=100 / 0~0 / 100) to afford 1-1g (4.50 g, 97.0%yield) as a white solid.
[0279] MS (ESI) m / z: 354.5 [M-Boc+H] +.
[0280] Step 5: (R) -7-amino-2, 2-dimethyl-4, 11-dioxo-3, 10-dioxa-5, 12-diazapentadecan-15-oic acid (1-1h)
[0281] 1-1g (4.50 g, 9.93 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (45 mL) followed by the addition of Pd / C (450 mg, 10%purity) at 25 ℃. After addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 h under H2 atmosphere. The reaction process was monitored by TLC (PE / EA) and LCMS. After complete reaction, the reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 1-1h (3.30 g, 98.9%yield) as an off-white solid.
[0282] MS (ESI) m / z: 320.2 [M+H] +.
[0283] Step 6: (R) -7- (3-bromo-2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) -2, 2-dimethyl-4, 11-dioxo-3, 10-dioxa-5, 12-diazapentadecan-15-oic acid (1-1j)
[0284] 1-1h (100 mg, 0.31 mmol) was dissolved in ACN (3 mL) and H2O (3 mL) followed by the addition of 1-1i (164 mg, 0.63 mmol) at 0 ℃. Then NaHCO3 (6 mL, 0.5 M) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 15 min and further stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 h. The reaction process was monitored by TLC (PE / EA) and LCMS. After complete reaction, the mixture was quenched with KHSO4 and adjusted to pH 4. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (20 mL) and extracted with EA (10 mL*3) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure and further purified by flash column chromatography (eluted with DCM / MeOH=100 / 0-90 / 10) and prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5um 19*250 mm; Mobile phase: A-water (0.1%formic acid) : B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL / min) to give compound 1-1j (61 mg, 42.1%yield) as a white solid.
[0285] MS (ESI) m / z: 481.6 [M+H] +.
[0286] Step 7: (R) -3- ( ( (4-amino-3- (3-bromo-2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) butoxy) carbonyl) amino) propanoic acid (1-1)
[0287] 1-1j (38 mg, 0.079 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (1.5 mL) followed by the slow addition of TFA (0.5 mL) at 0 ℃. After addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 3 h. LCMS indicated the reaction was complete. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was freeze-dried to give compound 1-1 (33 mg, quant., TFA salt) as a colorless oil.
[0288] MS (ESI) m / z: 380.4 [M+H] +.
[0289] 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 7.48 (s, 1H) , 7.01 (s, 1H) , 4.27 (s, 2H) , 3.90 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H) , 3.15 (dd, J=12.8 Hz, 6.8 Hz, 5H) , 2.36 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H) , 2.09 (m, 1H) , 1.97 (m, 1H) , 1.24 (s, 1 H) . Example 1-2
[0290] Step 1: (R) -7- (3, 4-dibromo-2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) -2, 2-dimethyl-4, 11-dioxo-3, 10-dioxa-5, 12-diazapentadecan-15-oic acid (1-2b)
[0291] 1-1h (100 mg, 0.31 mmol) was dissolved in ACN (3 mL) and H2O (3 mL) . To the solution was added 1-2a (164 mg, 0.63 mmol) at 0 ℃. After addition, NaHCO3 (6 mL, 0.5 M) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 15 min. LCMS indicated the reaction was complete. The mixture was quenched with KHSO4 and the pH was adjusted to 4. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (20 mL) and extracted with EA (10 mL*3) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure and further purified by flash column chromatography (eluted with DCM / MeOH=100 / 0-90 / 10) and prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5um 19*250 mm; Mobile phase: A-water (0.1%formic acid) : B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL / min) to give compound 1-2b (26 mg, 14.6%yield) as a white solid.
[0292] MS (ESI) m / z: 458.3 [M-Boc+H] +.
[0293] Step 2: (R) -3- ( ( (4-amino-3- (3, 4-dibromo-2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) butoxy) carbonyl) amino) propanoic acid (1-2)
[0294] 1-2b (26 mg, 0.046 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (1.5 mL) followed by the addition of TFA (0.5 mL) at 0 ℃. After addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 3 h. LCMS indicated the reaction was complete. Then the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was lyophilized to give compound 1-2 (15 mg, 93.1%yield, TFA salt) as a white solid.
[0295] MS (ESI) m / z: 458.4 [M+H] +.
[0296] 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 7.07 (t, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.32 (s, 1H) , 3.94 (m, 2H) , 3.29 (m, 1H) , 3.12 (s, 2H) , 2.36 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H) , 2.08 (m, 2H) , 1.96 (m, 2H) , 1.24 (s, 1H) . Example 1-3
[0297] Step 1: Methyl (S) -2, 3-bis ( ( (benzyloxy) carbonyl) amino) propanoate (1-3b)
[0298] 1-3a (10.00 g, 26.85 mmol) and K2CO3 (4.08 g, 29.54 mmol) were added into anhydrous DMF (70 mL) and the resulting suspention was stirred at 0 ℃ for 0.5 h before addition of MeI (7.62 g, 53.71 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for another 2 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. The EA (50 mL) was added and washed with brine (100 mL) . The organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was used for the next step without purification. 1-3b (11.11 g, crude) was obtained as a yellow solid.
[0299] MS (ESI) m / z: 387.5 [M+H] +.
[0300] Step 2: Dibenzyl (3-hydroxypropane-1, 2-diyl) (S) -dicarbamate (1-3c)
[0301] To a solution of 1-3b (11.11 g, 28.75 mmol) in anhydrous THF (110 mL) was added LiBH4 (2 M in THF, 143 mL) at 0 ℃ and the resulting mixture was stirred at this temperature for 0.5 h. Then the resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for another 6 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. The reaction mixture was poured into saturated KHSO4 (300 mL) solution and extracted with EA (100 mL*3) . The organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (DCM / MeOH=100 / 0~90 / 10) . 1-3c (9.35 g, 90.7%yield) was obtained as a yellow solid.
[0302] MS (ESI) m / z: 359.6 [M+H] +.
[0303] Step 3: Dibenzyl (3- (1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl) propane-1, 2-diyl) (S) -dicarbamate (1-3d)
[0304] To a solution of 1-3c (4.05 g, 11.30 mmol) in anhydrous THF (40 mL) were added phthalamide (3.39 g, 22.60 mmol) , PPh3 (5.94 g, 22.60 mmol) , and DBAD (5.21 g, 22.60 mmol) at 0 ℃ and the resulting mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 0.5 h. Then the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for another 6 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. Then the reaction mixture was poured into water (100 mL) solution and extracted with EA (50 mL*3) . The organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (PE / EA=100 / 0~50 / 50) . 1-3d (3.90 g, 70.7%yield) was obtained as a white solid.
[0305] MS (ESI) m / z: 488.7 [M+H] +.
[0306] Step 4: Dibenzyl (3-aminopropane-1, 2-diyl) (R) -dicarbamate (1-3e)
[0307] To a solution of 1-3d (3.89 g, 7.98 mmol) in EtOH (100 mL) was added N2H4. H2O (3.99 g, 79.79 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 60 ℃ for 3 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (DCM / MeOH=100 / 0~90 / 10) . 1-3e (2.65 g, 92.9%yield) was obtained as a yellow oil.
[0308] MS (ESI) m / z: 358.5 [M+H] +.
[0309] Step 5: Methyl (R) -3- ( (2, 3-bis ( ( (benzyloxy) carbonyl) amino) propyl) amino) propanoate (1-3g)
[0310] To a solution of 1-3e (2.60 g, 7.28 mmol) in MeOH (30 mL) was added 1-3f (0.82 g, 9.46 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 19 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. Then EA (50 mL) was added and washed with brine (100 mL) . The organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (DCM / MeOH=100 / 0~90 / 10) . 1-3g (2.80 g, 86.8%yield) was obtained as a yellow oil.
[0311] MS (ESI) m / z: 444.6 [M+H] +.
[0312] Step 6: Methyl (S) -3- ( (2, 3-bis ( ( (benzyloxy) carbonyl) amino) propyl) (tert-butoxycarbonyl) amino) propanoate (1-3h)
[0313] To a solution of 1-3g (2.80 g, 6.31 mmol) in DCM (35 mL) were added Boc2O (1.65 g, 7.58 mmol) and TEA (1.28 g, 12.63 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 3 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. Then EA (50 mL) was added and the mixture was washed with brine (100 mL) . The organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (PE / EA=100 / 0~80 / 20) . 1-3h (4.31 g, crude) was obtained as a yellow solid.
[0314] MS (ESI) m / z: 545.8 [M+H] +.
[0315] Step 7: (S) -3- ( (2, 3-bis ( ( (benzyloxy) carbonyl) amino) propyl) (tert-butoxycarbonyl) amino) propanoic acid (1-3i)
[0316] To a solution of 1-3h (4.31 g, 7.93 mmol) in MeOH (45 mL) and H2O (12 mL) was added LiOH (0.57 g, 23.95 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 3 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. Then the reaction mixture was poured into KHSO4 (1 M, 30 mL) and extracted with EA (30 mL*3) . The organic phase was dried, filtrated, and concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (DCM / MeOH=100 / 0~90 / 10) . 1-3i (2.93 g, 69.7 %yield) was obtained as a white solid.
[0317] MS (ESI) m / z: 531.8 [M+H] +.
[0318] Step 8: (S) -3- ( (tert-butoxycarbonyl) (2, 3-diaminopropyl) amino) propanoic acid (1-3j)
[0319] To a solution of 1-3i (2.93 g, 5.53 mmol) in MeOH (90 mL) was added Pd / C (600 mg) . The reaction mixture was degrassed and purged with H2 three times. The resulting solution was stirred at r.t. for 16 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was used in the next step without purification. 1-3j (1.53 g, crude) was obtained as a white solid..
[0320] MS (ESI) m / z: 262.4 [M+H] +.
[0321] Step 9: (S) -3- ( (2, 3-bis (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) propyl) (tert-butoxycarbonyl) amino) propanoic acid (1-3l)
[0322] To a solution of 1-3j (520 mg, 1.99 mmol) in ACN (5 mL) were added NaHCO3 (1.67 g, 19.9 mmol) and 1-3k (339 mg, 2.19 mmol) at 0 ℃. After stirring for 0.5 h, the reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 2 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated KHSO4 solution and extracted with EA (30 mL*3) . The organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5um 19*250 mm; Mobile phase: A-water (0.1%formic acid) : B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL / min) . 1-3l (315 mg, 37.5%yield) was obtained as a colorless oil.
[0323] MS (ESI) m / z: 322.5 [M-Boc+H] +.
[0324] Step 10: (R) -3- ( (2, 3-bis (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) propyl) amino) propanoic acid (1-3)
[0325] To a solution of 1-3l (50 mg, 0.12 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (0.6 mL) was added TFA (0.2 mL) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 6 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. Then the reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5um 19*250 mm; Mobile phase: A-water (0.1%trifluoroacetic acid) : B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL / min) . Compound 1-3 (30 mg, 78.7%yield) was obtained as a colorless oil.
[0326] MS (ESI) m / z: 322.5 [M+H] +. Example 1-4
[0327] Step 1: benzyl ( (5-amino-1, 2, 4-thiadiazol-3-yl) methyl) -l2-azanecarboxylate (1-4b)
[0328] To a solution of compound 1-4a (3.00 g, 14.60 mmol) in MeOH (30 mL) was dropwise added bromine (1.39 g, 8.73 mmol) over a period of 10 minutes and triethylamine (2.2 g, 21.80 mmol) over 10 minutes at 0 ℃. Precipitates were collected over a period of 30 minutes and a solution of potassium thiocyanate (0.85 g, 8.70 mmol) in methanol (10 ml) was added over a period of 10 minutes. The resulting mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (eluted with DCM / MeOH=0-10%) to give compound 1-4b (1.50 g, 39.1%yield) as an off-white solid.
[0329] MS (ESI) m / z: 265.3 [M+Na] +.
[0330] Step 2: benzyl ( (5-chloro-1, 2, 4-thiadiazol-3-yl) methyl) -l2-azanecarboxylate (1-4c)
[0331] To a solution of compound 1-4b (500 mg, 1.90 mmol) in conc. HCl (10 mL) were added CuCl (375 mg, 3.80 mmol) and NaNO2 (262 mg, 3.80 mmol) in H2O (2 mL) . The mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 5 min. After complete reaction, the mixture was concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (eluted with PE / EA=100 / 0-60 / 40) to give compound 1-4c (145 mg, 27.1%yield) as a light-yellow solid.
[0332] MS (ESI) m / z: 242.2 [M-CO2+1] +.
[0333] Step 3: benzyl ( (5- (methylthio) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazol-3-yl) methyl) -l2-azanecarboxylate (1-4d)
[0334] To a solution of compound 1-4c (140 mg, 0.5 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) were added CH3O-Na+ (20%aqueous solution, 260 mg, 0.74 mmol) and K2CO3 (137 mg, 0.99 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 h. After complete reaction, the mixture was concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (eluted with PE: EA=0-40%) to give compound 1-4d (116 mg, 79.5%yield) as a colorless oil.
[0335] MS (ESI) m / z: 296.3 [M+H] +.
[0336] Step 4: (5- (methylthio) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazol-3-yl) methanamine (1-4e)
[0337] To a solution of compound 1-4d (146 mg, 0.33 mmol) in acetonitrile (6 mL) was added TMSI (150 mg, 0.75 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The solvents were removed in vacuo and purified by flash column chromatography (eluted with DCM / MeOH = 0-8%) to give compound 1-4e (45 mg, 60.3%yield) as a brown solid.
[0338] MS (ESI) m / z: 162.1 [M+H] +.
[0339] Step 5: N- ( (5- (methylthio) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazol-3-yl) methyl) -2- (N- (2- ( ( (5- (methylthio) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazol-3-yl) methyl) amino) -2-oxoethyl) acetamido) acetamide (1-4g)
[0340] To a solution of compound 1-4f (10 mg, 0.057 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) were added HATU (54 mg, 0.142 mmol) and DIEA (22 mg, 0.171 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 15 min. Then compound 1-4e (20 mg, 0.126 mmol) was added into the mixture and stirred for 1 h. The mixture was purified by prep-HPLC (FA) (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5um 19*250 mm; Mobile phase: A-water (0.1%formic acid) : B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL / min) . The fraction was lyophilized to give compound 1-4g (7.2 mg, 27.3%yield) as a white solid.
[0341] MS (ESI) m / z: 462.5 [M+H] +.
[0342] Step 6: N- ( (5- (methylsulfonyl) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazol-3-yl) methyl) -2- (N- (2- ( ( (5- (methylsulfonyl) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazol-3-yl) methyl) amino) -2-oxoethyl) acetamido) acetamide (1-4)
[0343] To a solution of 1-4g in THF (4 mL) and H2O (1 mL) was added oxone (80 mg, 1.13 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The mixture was concentrated and purified by prep-HPLC (FA) (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5um 19*250 mm; Mobile phase: A-water (0.1%formic acid) : B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL / min) . The fraction was lyophilized to give compound 1-4 (1.2 mg, 17.6%yield) as a white solid.
[0344] MS (ESI) m / z: 526.4 [M+H] +. Example 1-5
[0345] Step 1: 2, 2'- (benzylazanediyl) bis (N- ( (5- (methylthio) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazol-3-yl) methyl) acetamide) (1-5c)
[0346] To a solution of compound 1-4e (20 mg, 0.089 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) were added HATU (85 mg, 0.22 mmol) and DIEA (35 mg, 0.27 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 15 min. Compound 1-5b (32 mg, 0.20 mmol) was added into the mixture and further stirred for 1 h. The mixture was purified using prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A-water (0.1%FA) : B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL / min) to give compound 1-5c (18 mg, 39.1%yield) as a white solid.
[0347] (ESI) m / z: 510.6 [M+H] +.
[0348] Step 2: 2- (benzyl (hydroxy) (2- ( ( (5- (methylsulfonyl) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazol-3-yl) methyl) amino) -2-oxoethyl) -l4-azaneyl) -N- ( (5- (methylsulfonyl) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazol-3-yl) methyl) acetamide (1-5)
[0349] To a solution of compound 1-5c (18 mg, 0.035 mmol) in THF (4 mL) and H2O (1 mL) was added oxone (217 mg, 0.35 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 4 hours. The mixture was concentrated and purified by prep-HPLC (FA) (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5um 19*250 mm; Mobile phase: A-water (0.1%formic acid) : B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL / min) . The fraction was lyophilized to give compound 1-5 (7.5 mg, 35.7%yield) as a white solid.
[0350] (ESI) m / z: 590.5 [M+H] +. Example 1-6
[0351] Step 1: Methyl 5-amino-1, 2, 4-thiadiazole-3-carboxylate (1-6b)
[0352] To a solution of 1-6a (8.10 g, 58.46 mmol) in MeOH (81 mL) were added Br2 (9.34 g, 58.46 mmol) and Et3N (12.42 g, 122.77 mmol) at 0 ℃. After stirring at this temperature for 0.5 h, KSCN (5.68 g, 58.46 mmol) was added and the mixture was further stirred at 0 ℃ for 2 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. The precipitate was filtrated and dried to give crude product. The crude product was used in the next step without purification. 1-6b (8.73 g, crude) was obtained as a white solid.
[0353] MS (ESI) m / z: 160.1 [M+H] +.
[0354] Step 2: Methyl 5-chloro-1, 2, 4-thiadiazole-3-carboxylate (1-6c)
[0355] To a solution of 1-6b (8.73 g, 54.85 mmol) in ACN (90 mL) were added CuCl2 (14.75 g, 134.45 mmol) and isoamyl nitrite (12.85 g, 109.70 mmol) at 0 ℃. After stirring at 0 ℃ for 0.5 h, the reaction mixture was further stirred at 20 ℃ for 16 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. The precipitate was filtrated and dried to give crude product. The crude product was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (PE / EA=100 / 0~80 / 20) . 1-6c (3.40 g, 34.7%yield) was obtained as a white solid.
[0356] MS (ESI) m / z: 179.1 [M+H] +.
[0357] Step 3: 5- (methylthio) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazole-3-carboxylic acid (1-6d)
[0358] To a solution of 1-6c (1.49 g, 8.34 mmol) in THF (20 mL) were added K2CO3 (57.7 mg, 0.42 mmol) , AcOH (250.5 mg, 4.17 mmol) , and sodium methanethiolate (1.17 g, 16.69 mmol) at 20 ℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 1 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. The reaction solution was poured into water (100 mL) and extracted with EA (50 mL*3) . The combined organic layer was dried, filtrated, and concentrated under vacuo. The crude product was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (PE / EA=100 / 0~80 / 20) . 1-6d (1.15 g, 78.2%yield) was obtained as a white solid.
[0359] MS (ESI) m / z: 177.1 [M+H] +.
[0360] Step 4: Tert-butyl bis (2- (5- (methylthio) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazole-3-carboxamido) ethyl) carbamate (1-6f)
[0361] To a solution of 1-6e (67 mg, 0.33 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added 1-6d (145 mg, 0.82 mmol) , HATU (313 mg, 0.82 mmol) , and DIEA (127 mg, 0.99 mmol) at 0 ℃. After stirring for 30 min, the reaction mixture was further stirred at 20 ℃ for another 1 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. Then EA (5 mL) was added and washed with brine (10 mL) . The organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (PE / EA=100 / 0~80 / 20) . 1-6f (155 mg, 90.5%yield) was obtained as a white solid.
[0362] MS (ESI) m / z: 420.4 [M-Boc+H] +.
[0363] Step 5: N, N'- (azanediylbis (ethane-2, 1-diyl) ) bis (5- (methylthio) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazole-3-carboxamide) (1-6g)
[0364] To a solution of 1-6f (95 mg, 0.18 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (1.5 mL) was added TFA (0.5 mL) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 6 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was used in the next step without purification. 1-6g (77 mg, crude) was obtained as a white solid.
[0365] MS (ESI) m / z: 420.5 [M+H] +.
[0366] Step 6: 5- (methylthio) -N- (2- (N- (2- (5- (methylthio) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazole-3-carboxamido) ethyl) acetamido) ethyl) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazole-3-carboxamide (1-6h)
[0367] To a solution of 1-6g (77 mg, 0.18 mmol) in DCM (0.77 mL) were added Ac2O (38 mg, 0.37 mmol) and TEA (37 mg, 0.37 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 3 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. Then EA (5 mL) was added and washed with brine (10 mL) . The organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (PE / EA=100 / 0~80 / 20) . 1-6h (51 mg, 60.2%yield) was obtained as a yellow solid.
[0368] MS (ESI) m / z: 462.5 [M+H] +.
[0369] Step 7: 5- (methylsulfonyl) -N- (2- (N- (2- (5- (methylsulfonyl) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazole-3-carboxamido) ethyl) acetamido) ethyl) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazole-3-carboxamide (1-6)
[0370] To a solution of 1-6h (51 mg, 0.11 mmol) in THF (1.5 mL) and H2O (0.5 mL) was added oxone (1.02 g, 1.66 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 16 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. Then EA (5 mL) was added and the mixture was washed with brine (10 mL) . The organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5um 19*250 mm; Mobile phase: A-water (0.1%trifluoroacetic acid) : B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL / min) . 1-6 (31 mg, 53.4%yield) was obtained as a white solid.
[0371] MS (ESI) m / z: 526.5 [M+H] +. Example 1-7
[0372] Step 1~ Step 3: 5- (methylthio) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazole-3-carboxylic acid (1-7d)
[0373] 1-7d (1.10 g, 79.3%yield) was synthesized according to the synthetic procedures of 1-6c of Example 1-6.
[0374] MS (ESI) m / z: 177.1 [M+H] +.
[0375] Step 4: Methyl 5- (methylthio) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazole-3-carboxylate (1-7e)
[0376] 1-7d (1.00 g, 5.68 mmol) and K2CO3 (1.57 g, 11.35 mmol) were added into anhydrous DMF (10 mL) and the resulting suspention was stirred at 0 ℃ for 0.5 h before addition of MeI (2.42 g, 17.03 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for another 3 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. Then EA (30 mL) was added and washed with brine (60 mL) . The organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was used in the next step without purification. 1-7e (630 mg, 58.3%yield) was obtained as a yellow solid.
[0377] MS (ESI) m / z: 191.1 [M+H] +.
[0378] Step 5: (5- (methylthio) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazol-3-yl) methanol (1-7f)
[0379] To a solution of 1-7e (630 mg, 3.31 mmol) in anhydrous THF (7 mL) was added LiBH4 (2 M in THF, 8.3 mL) at 0 ℃ and stirred for 0.5 h. Then the resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for another 6 h. LCMS showed the reaction was complete. Then the reaction mixture was poured into saturated KHSO4 (20 mL) solution and extracted with EA (10 mL*3) . The organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (DCM / MeOH=100 / 0~90 / 10) . 1-7f (463 mg, 86.2%yield) was obtained as a yellow oil.
[0380] MS (ESI) m / z: 163.1 [M+H] +.
[0381] Step 6: (5- (methylthio) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazol-3-yl) methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (1-7g)
[0382] To a solution of 1-7f (460 mg, 2.84 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) were added TsCl (579 mg, 5.67 mmol) and TEA (574 mg, 5.67 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 3 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. Then DCM (5 mL) was added and washed with brine (10 mL) . The organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (PE / EA=100 / 0~50 / 50) . 1-7g (610 mg, 68.0%yield) was obtained as a yellow oil.
[0383] MS (ESI) m / z: 317.2 [M+H] +.
[0384] Step 7: (5- (methylthio) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazol-3-yl) methanamine (1-7h)
[0385] To a solution of 1-7g (310 mg, 0.98 mmol) in THF (3 mL) and H2O (1 mL) was added NH3. H2O (515 mg, 14.70 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 40 ℃ for 16 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. Then EA (5 mL) was added, and the mixture was washed with brine (10 mL) . The organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (DCM / MeOH=100 / 0~90 / 10) . 1-7h (131 mg, 82.9%yield) was obtained as a white solid.
[0386] MS (ESI) m / z: 162.1 [M+H] +.
[0387] Step 8: Bis ( (5- (methylthio) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazol-3-yl) methyl) amine (1-7i)
[0388] To a solution of 1-7g (55 mg, 0.17 mmol) in THF (1 mL) were added K2CO3 (26 mg, 0.19 mmol) and 1-7h (34 mg, 0.21 mmol) at 20 ℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at 40 ℃ for 16 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. Then EA (5 mL) was added and washed with brine (10 mL) . The organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (DCM / MeOH=100 / 0~90 / 10) . 1-7i (39 mg, 73.5%yield) was obtained as a yellow oil.
[0389] MS (ESI) m / z: 306.2 [M+H] +.
[0390] Step 9: N, N-bis ( (5- (methylthio) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazol-3-yl) methyl) acetamide (1-7j)
[0391] To a solution of 1-7i (39 mg, 0.13 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) were added Ac2O (26 mg, 0.26 mmol) and TEA (26 mg, 0.26 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 3 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. Then EA (5 mL) was added and washed with brine (10 mL) . The organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (PE / EA=100 / 00~80 / 20) . 1-7j (39 mg, 87.9%yield) was obtained as a yellow solid.
[0392] MS (ESI) m / z: 348.3 [M+H] +.
[0393] Step 10: N, N-bis ( (5- (methylsulfonyl) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazol-3-yl) methyl) acetamide (1-7)
[0394] To a solution of 1-7j (39 mg, 0.11 mmol) in THF (1.25 mL) and H2O (0.5 mL) was added oxone (1.03 g, 1.68 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 16 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. Then EA (5 mL) was added and washed with brine (10 mL) . The organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5um 19*250 mm; Mobile phase: A-water (0.1%formic acid) : B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL / min) . 1-7 (28 mg, 60.6%yield) was obtained as a white solid.
[0395] MS (ESI) m / z: 412.3 [M+H] +. Example 1-8
[0396] Step 1: benzyl (2-oxoethyl) carbamate (1-8b)
[0397] DMSO (1.00 g, 12.80 mmol) and oxalyl chloride (1.30 g, 10.20 mmol) were dissolved in DCM (10 mL) at -78 ℃ under N2 atmosphere and stirred for 15 min. Then 1-8a (1.00 g, 5.12 mmol) was added at -78 ℃ and stirred for 15 min at this temperature and further stirred at 0 ℃for 2 min. Then TEA (2.60 g, 25.60 mmol) was added at -78 ℃ and stirred for 30 min under N2 atmosphere. The reaction process was monitored by TLC (PE / EA) and LCMS. After complete reaction, the mixture was extracted with DCM (30 mL*3) and H2O (50 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure and further purified by flash column chromatography (eluted with DCM / MeOH=100 / 0~90 / 10) to give compound 1-8b (360 mg, 35.7%yield) as a white solid.
[0398] MS (ESI) m / z: 194.3 [M+H] +.
[0399] Step 2: 4- (2- ( ( (benzyloxy) carbonyl) amino) ethyl) -1- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) piperazine-2-carboxylic acid (1-8d)
[0400] 1-8b (350 mg, 1.81 mmol) was dissolved in THF (3 mL) and MeOH (3 mL) followed by the addition of 1-8c (834 mg, 3.62 mmol) and HOAc (0.35 mL) at 25 ℃. After addition, the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 h and then NaBH3CN (342 mg, 5.43 mmol) was added and the mixture was further stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 h. LCMS indicated the reaction was complete. The mixture was extracted with EA (20 mL*3) and H2O (30 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure and further purified by flash column chromatography (eluted with DCM / MeOH=100 / 0~90 / 10) to give 1-8d (280 mg, 37.2%yield) as a white solid.
[0401] MS (ESI) m / z: 408.6 [M+H] +.
[0402] Step 3: 4- (2-aminoethyl) -1- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) piperazine-2-carboxylic acid (1-8e)
[0403] 1-8d (280 mg, 0.69 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (5 mL) followed by the addition of Pd / C (300 mg, 10%purity) and NH3 / MeOH (50 μL) at 25 ℃. After addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 16 h under H2 atmosphere. LCMS indicated the reaction was complete. After complete reaction, the mixture was filtrated to remove Pd / C. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give compound 1-8e (113 mg, 59.0%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0404] MS (ESI) m / z: 274.5 [M+H] +.
[0405] Step 4: 1- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -4- (2- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) ethyl) piperazine-2-carboxylic acid (1-8g)
[0406] 1-8e (100 mg, 0.37 mmol) was dissolved in ACN (5.4 mL) and H2O (3 mL) followed by the addition of 1-8f (0.16 g, 0.63 mmol) at 0 ℃. After addition, NaHCO3 (6 mL, 0.25 M) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 15 min. LCMS indicated the reaction was complete. Then the mixture was quenched with aqueous KHSO4 (1 M) and the pH was adjusted to 4. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The mixture was extracted with EA (20 mL*3) and H2O (30 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure and further purified by flash column chromatography (eluted with DCM / MeOH=100 / 0~90 / 10) to give compound 1-8g (33 mg, 25.0%yield) as a white solid.
[0407] MS (ESI) m / z: 354.6 [M+H] +.
[0408] Step 5: 4- (2- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) ethyl) piperazine-2-carboxylic acid (1-8h)
[0409] 1-8g (33 mg, 0.31 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (2 mL) followed by the addition of TFA (1 mL) at 0 ℃. The resulting mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 3 h. LCMS indicated the reaction was complete. After complete reaction, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. Compound 1-8h (23 mg, 95.3%yield) was obtained as a white solid after lyophilization.
[0410] MS (ESI) m / z: 254.3 [M+H] +.
[0411] Step 6: 5- (methylsulfonyl) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazole-3-carboxylic acid (1-8j)
[0412] 1-8i (60 mg, 0.341 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (1 mL) and THF (0.2 mL) followed by the addition of m-CPBA (235 mg, 1.36 mmol) at 25 ℃. After addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 3 h. LCMS indicated the reaction was complete. After complete reaction, the mixture was extracted with DCM (2 mL) and H2O (1 mL*3) . The water phase was purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5um 19*250 mm; Mobile phase: A-water (0.1%formic acid) : B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL / min) to give compound 1-8j (45 mg, 61.7%yield) as a white solid.
[0413] MS (ESI) m / z: 209.2 [M+H] +.
[0414] Step 7: 4- (2- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) ethyl) -1- (5- (methylsulfonyl) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazole-3-carbonyl) piperazine-2-carboxylic acid (1-8)
[0415] 1-8j (20 mg, 0.096 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (0.5 mL) followed by the addition of HATU (37 mg, 0.096 mmol) and DIEA (25 mg, 0.19 mmol) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 15 min. Then 1-8h (25 mg, 0.096 mmol) was added at 0 ℃ and stirred for 0.5 h. LCMS indicated the reaction was complete. After complete reaction, the residue was purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5um 19*250 mm; Mobile phase: A-water (0.1%formic acid) : B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL / min) to give compound 1-8 (2.1 mg, 4.8%yield) as a white solid.
[0416] MS (ESI) m / z: 444.5 [M+H] +. Example 1-9
[0417] Step 1: 1, 3‐diazinan‐5‐ol (1-9b)
[0418] To a solution of 1-9a (1.00 g, 11.10 mmol) in MeOH (17 mL) was added paraformaldehyde (0.31 g, 13.30 mmol) . The reaction suspension was stirred at 70 ℃ for 16 hours. The reaction solution was concentrated. The residue was triturated with THF (8 mL) to give compound 1-9b (860 mg, 76.0%yield) as a white solid.
[0419] 1H NMR (400 MHz, D2O) δ 3.64 (d, J = 12.8 Hz, 1H) , 3.57 (dt, J = 14.4, 3.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.46 (d, J = 12.8 Hz, 1H) , 3.07 (dd, J = 13.2, 3.6 Hz, 2H) , 2.60 (dd, J = 13.2, 7.6 Hz, 2H) .
[0420] Step 2: 1, 3‐bis [5‐ (methylsulfanyl) ‐1, 2, 4‐thiadiazole‐3‐carbonyl] ‐1, 3‐diazinan‐5‐ol (1-9d)
[0421] A solution of 1-9b (12 mg, 0.12 mmol) , 1-9c (50 mg, 0.30 mmol) , and EEDQ (100 mg, 0.40 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was stirred at 25 ℃ for 16 hours. The reaction solution was concentrated. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (EA) to give compound 1-9d (40 mg, 83.0%yield) as a colorless oil.
[0422] MS (ESI) m / z: 419.3 [M+H] +.
[0423] Step 3: 1, 3‐bis (5‐methanesulfonyl‐1, 2, 4‐thiadiazole‐3‐carbonyl) ‐1, 3‐diazinan‐5‐ol (1-9)
[0424] To a solution of 1-9d (40 mg, 0.89 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) was added a solution of oxone (300 mg, 0.50 mmol) in water (1 mL) at 25 ℃. The reaction suspension was stirred at 25 ℃ for 16 hours. The reaction suspension was diluted with water (25 mL) and extracted with EA (25 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (25 mL) and brine (25 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5um 19*250 mm; Mobile phase: A-water (0.1%formic acid) : B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL / min) to give compound 1-9 (12 mg, 35.0%yield) as a white solid.
[0425] MS (ESI) m / z: 483.3 [M+H] +.
[0426] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.12 (d, J = 13.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.88 (d, J = 13.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.50 (d, J = 13.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.80-4.17 (m, 3H) , 3.77 (d, J = 13.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.68 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.45 (s, 3H) , 3.39 (s, 3H) . Example 2: Synthesis of Conjugator-Linker-Payload Compounds Example 2-1
[0427] Step 1~Step 3: 5- (methylsulfonyl) -N- (2- ( (2- (5- (methylsulfonyl) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazole-3-carboxamido) ethyl) amino) ethyl) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazole-3-carboxamide (2-1e)
[0428] 2-1e (28 mg, 84.5%yield) was synthesized according to the synthetic procedures of Example 1-6.
[0429] MS (ESI) m / z: 484.5 [M+H] +.
[0430] Step 4: tert-butyl ( (S) -3-methyl-1- ( ( (S) -1- ( (4- ( ( ( (4-nitrophenoxy) carbonyl) oxy) methyl) phenyl) amino) -1-oxo-5-ureidopentan-2-yl) amino) -1-oxobutan-2-yl) carbamate (2-1g)
[0431] To a solution of 2-1f (500 mg, 1.04 mmol) in dry DMF (5 mL) were added PNP (476 mg, 1.56 mmol) and DIEA (270 mg, 2.09 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. Then EA (10 mL) was added and washed with brine (30 mL) . The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (PE / EA=100 / 0~80 / 20) . 2-1g (580 mg, 86.3%yield) was obtained as a yellow solid.
[0432] MS (ESI) m / z: 646.8 [M+H] +.
[0433] Step 5: 4- ( (S) -2- ( (S) -2- ( (tert-butoxycarbonyl) amino) -3-methylbutanamido) -5-ureidopentanamido) benzyl ( (S) -1- ( ( (S) -1- ( ( (3R, 4S, 5S) -1- ( (S) -2- ( (1R, 2R) -3- ( ( (1S, 2R) -1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-2-yl) amino) -1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxopropyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) -3-methoxy-5-methyl-1-oxoheptan-4-yl) (methyl) amino) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) amino) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) (methyl) carbamate (2-1h)
[0434] To a solution of 2-1g (100 mg, 0.16 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) were added MMAE (111 mg, 0.16 mmol) , DIEA (30 mg, 0.23 mmol) , and HOBt (5.0 mg, 0.040 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 48 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. Then EA (5 mL) was added and washed with brine (10 mL) . The organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (PE / EA=100 / 0~70 / 30) . 2-1h (173 mg, 99.3%yield) was obtained as a white solid.
[0435] MS (ESI) m / z: 1224.7 [M+H] +.
[0436] Step 6: 4- ( (S) -2- ( (S) -2-amino-3-methylbutanamido) -5-ureidopentanamido) benzyl ( (S) -1- ( ( (S) -1- ( ( (3R, 4S, 5S) -1- ( (S) -2- ( (1R, 2R) -3- ( ( (1S, 2R) -1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-2-yl) amino) -1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxopropyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) -3-methoxy-5-methyl-1-oxoheptan-4-yl) (methyl) amino) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) amino) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) (methyl) carbamate (2-1i)
[0437] To a solution of 2-1h (173 mg, 0.14 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (2 mL) was added TFA (0.5 mL) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 6 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. Then the reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum to afford 2-1i (190 mg, crude) as a yellow oil.
[0438] MS (ESI) m / z: 1124.5 [M+H] +.
[0439] Step 7: 4- ( ( (S) -1- ( ( (S) -1- ( (4- ( (5S, 8S, 11S, 12R) -11- ( (S) -sec-butyl) -12- (2- ( (S) -2- ( (1R, 2R) -3- ( ( (1S, 2R) -1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-2-yl) amino) -1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxopropyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) -2-oxoethyl) -5, 8-diisopropyl-4, 10-dimethyl-3, 6, 9-trioxo-2, 13-dioxa-4, 7, 10-triazatetradecyl) phenyl) amino) -1-oxo-5-ureidopentan-2-yl) amino) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) amino) -4-oxobutanoic acid (2-1j)
[0440] To a solution of 2-1i (65 mg, 0.060 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added furan-2, 5-dione (11 mg, 0.12 mmol) and DIEA (22 mg, 0.17 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. Then EA (5 mL) was added and washed with brine (10 mL) . The organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A-water (0.1%formic acid) : B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL / min) . 2-1j (60 mg, 84.7%yield) was obtained as a yellow solid.
[0441] MS (ESI) m / z: 1224.7 [M+H] +.
[0442] Step 8: 4- ( (11S, 14S) -11-isopropyl-1- (5- (methylsulfonyl) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazol-3-yl) -5- (2- (5- (methylsulfonyl) -1, 2, 4-thiadiazole-3-carboxamido) ethyl) -1, 6, 9, 12-tetraoxo-14- (3-ureidopropyl) -2, 5, 10, 13-tetraazapentadecan-15-amido) benzyl ( (S) -1- ( ( (S) -1- ( ( (3R, 4S, 5S) -1- ( (S) -2- ( (1R, 2R) -3- ( ( (1S, 2R) -1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-2-yl) amino) -1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxopropyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) -3-methoxy-5-methyl-1-oxoheptan-4-yl) (methyl) amino) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) amino) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) (methyl) carbamate (2-1)
[0443] To a solution of 2-1j (14 mg, 0.011 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added 2-1e (9 mg, 0.020 mmol) , HATU (7 mg, 0.020 mmol) , and DIEA (5 mg, 0.030 mmol) at r.t.. The reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 0.5 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. Then EA (5 mL) was added and washed with brine (10 mL) . The organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A-water (0.1%formic acid) : B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL / min) . 2-1 (3.0 mg, 15.1%yield) was obtained as a white solid.
[0444] MS (ESI) m / z: 1690.3 [M+H] +. Example 2-2
[0445] Step 1: 4- ( (10S, 13S) -5- ( (S) -2, 3-bis (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) propyl) -10-isopropyl-2, 2-dimethyl-4, 8, 11-trioxo-13- (3-ureidopropyl) -3-oxa-5, 9, 12-triazatetradecan-14-amido) benzyl ( (S) -1- ( ( (S) -1- ( ( (3R, 4S, 5S) -1- ( (S) -2- ( (1R, 2R) -3- ( ( (1S, 2R) -1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-2-yl) amino) -1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxopropyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) -3-methoxy-5-methyl-1-oxoheptan-4-yl) (methyl) amino) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) amino) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) (methyl) carbamate (2-2b)
[0446] To a solution of 2-1i (62 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added 2-2a (23 mg, 0.060 mmol) , HATU (21 mg, 0.060 mmol) , and DIEA (21 mg, 0.17 mmol) at r.t. The reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 0.5 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. Then EA (5 mL) was added and washed with brine (10 mL) . The organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (DCM / MeOH=100 / 0~90 / 10) . 2-2b (60 mg, 71.2%yield) was obtained as a white solid.
[0447] MS (ESI) m / z: 1528.0 [M+H] +.
[0448] Step 2: 4- ( (S) -2- ( (S) -2- (3- ( ( (R) -2, 3-bis (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) propyl) amino) propanamido) -3-methylbutanamido) -5-ureidopentanamido) benzyl ( (S) -1- ( ( (S) -1- ( ( (3R, 4S, 5S) -1- ( (S) -2- ( (1R, 2R) -3- ( ( (1S, 2R) -1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-2-yl) amino) -1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxopropyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) -3-methoxy-5-methyl-1-oxoheptan-4-yl) (methyl) amino) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) amino) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) (methyl) carbamate (2-2)
[0449] To a solution of 2-2b (60 mg, 0.039 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (1 mL) was added ZnBr2 (443 mg, 1.96 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 16 h. LCMS showed complete reaction. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was purified by prep-HPLC (Method: column: XBridge Prep C18 OBD 5μm 19*150 mm; Mobile phase: A-water (0.1%formic acid) : B-acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL / min) . 2-2 (9 mg, 16.1%yield) was obtained as a white solid.
[0450] MS (ESI) m / z: 1428.0 [M+H] +.
[0451] The compounds of Examples 1-1 to 1-9 are shown below in Table 1. The compounds of Examples 2-1 and 2-2 are shown below in Table 2.
[0452] Table 1. Cysbridge warhead conjugators (without protecting group)
[0453] Table 2. Conjugator-linker-payloads Example 3: Conjugator-antibody conjugate and antibody drug conjugate (ADC) preparation and characterization Drug-to-antibody (DAR) 4 ADC and conjugator-antibody conjugate preparation
[0454] Antibody in conjugation buffer (with concentration 0.5-25 mg / mL, PBS buffer pH 6.0-8.5) was incubated under reduction temperature (0-40 ℃) for 10 min. 8-15 eq. TECP solution (5 mM stock in PBS buffer) was added to the reaction mixture and the reduction reaction was left for 1-8 hours at reduction temperature. Organic solvent (e.g., DMSO, DMF, DMA, PG, acetonitrile, 0-25%v / v) and conjugator (see Table 1) or conjugator-linker-payload (see Table 2) stock (10-25 eq, 10 mM stock in organic solvent) were added stepwise after the reduction mixture was cooled to 0-25 ℃. Conjugation solution was left for 1-3 h at 0-25 ℃ and the reaction was quenched with N-acetyl cysteine (1 mM stock) . The solution was submitted to buffer exchange (spin desalting column, ultrafiltration, and dialysis) into storage buffer (for example, pH 5.5-6.5 histidine acetate buffer, with optional additive such as sucrose, trehalose, tween 20, 60, 80) .
[0455] After the conjugation step, the ADC (or conjugator-antibody conjugate) was subjected to buffer exchange into ring opening buffer (pH 6.5~9.0, PBS, borate or tris buffer) and the solution was left at 22 or 37 ℃ for 1~48 h. The maleimide ring opening process was monitored via reduced LCMS. Once the conjugated maleimide hydrolysis was completed, the resulting ADCs were buffer exchanged into basic tris pH 8.0-8.5 buffer or acidic histidine-acetate pH 5.0-6.5 buffer via dialysis.
[0456] Conjugator-antibody conjugates and ADCs prepared according to the foregoing method are shown in Tables 3 and 4, respectively.
[0457] LCMS method to monitor and determine maleimide hydrolysis. LC-MS analysis was carried out under the following measurement conditions: LC-MS system: Vanquish Flex UHPLC and Orbitrap Exploris 240 Mass Spectrometer Column: MAbPacTM RP, 2.1*50mm, 4μm, Thermo ScientificTM Column temperature: 80 ℃ Mobile phase A: 0.1 %formic acid (FA) aqueous solution Mobile phase B: Acetonitrile solution containing 0.1 %formic acid (FA) Gradient program 1: 25 %B-25 %B (0 min-2 min) , 25 %B-50 %B (2 min-18 min) , 50 %B-90 %B (18 min-18.1 min) , 90 %B-90 %B (18.1 min-20 min) , 90 %B-25 %B (20 min-20.1 min) , 25 %B-25 %B (20.1 min-25 min) Gradient program 2 Injected sample amount: 2 μg MS parameters: Intact and denaturing MS data were acquired in HMR mode at setting of R=15k and deconvolved using the ReSpectTM algorithm and Sliding Window integration in Thermo ScientificTM BioPharma FinderTM 4.0 software. ADC characterization
[0458] ADCs were characterized using the following analytical methods.
[0459] LCMS method to determine DAR. LC-MS analysis was carried out under the following measurement conditions: LC-MS system: Vanquish Flex UHPLC and Orbitrap Exploris 240 Mass Spectrometer Column: MAbPacTM RP, 2.1*50mm, 4μm, Thermo ScientificTM Column temperature: 80 ℃ Mobile phase A: 0.1 %formic acid (FA) aqueous solution Mobile phase B: Acetonitrile solution containing 0.1 %formic acid (FA) Gradient program: 25 %B-25 %B (0 min-2 min) , 25 %B-50 %B (2 min-18 min) , 50 %B- 90 %B (18 min-18.1 min) , 90 %B-90 %B (18.1 min-20 min) , 90 %B-25 %B (20 min-20.1 min) , 25 %B-25 %B (20.1 min-25 min) Injected sample amount: 1 μg MS parameters: Intact and denaturing MS data were acquired in HMR mode at setting of R=15k and deconvolved using the ReSpectTM algorithm and Sliding Window integration in Thermo ScientificTM BioPharma FinderTM 4.0 software. Results of the methods described herein are shown in Figures 2 to 19.
[0460] HIC method to determine DAR or hydrophobicity. HPLC analysis was carried out under the following measurement conditions:
[0461] Method 1 HPLC system: Waters ACQUITY ARC HPLC System Detector: measurement wavelength: 280 nm Column: Tosoh Bioscience 4.6 μm ID×3.5 cm, 2.5 μm butyl-nonporous resin column Column temperature: 25 ℃ Mobile phase A: 1.5 M ammonium sulfate, 50 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 Mobile phase B: 50 mM phosphate buffer, 25% (V / V) isopropanol, pH 7.0 Gradient program: 0%B-0%B (0 min-2 min) , 0%B-100%B (2 min-15 min) , 100%B- 100%B (15 min-16 min) , 100%B-0%B (16 min-17 min) , 0%B-0%B (17 min-20 min) Injected sample amount: 20 μg
[0462] Method 2 HPLC system: Waters ACQUITY ARC HPLC System Detector: measurement wavelength: 280 nm Column: MABPac HIC-10, 5 μm, 4.6×10 mm (Thermo) Column temperature: 25 ℃ Mobile phase A: 1.5 M ammonium sulfate, 50 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.0 Mobile phase B: 50 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.0 Gradient program: 20 %B-20 %B (0 min-1 min) , 0 %B-0 %B (1 min-35 min) , 20 % B-20 %B (35 min-40 min) Flow rate: 0.5 mL / min Sample preparation: The sample was diluted with initial mobile phase to 0.5 mg / mL.
[0463] CE-SDS method to determine conjugation format. CE-SDS analysis was carried out under the following measurement conditions: HPLC system: Waters ACQUITY ARC HPLC System Column: BioResolve SEC mAb Column, 2.5 μm, 7.8 x 300 mm Column temperature: 25 ℃ Mobile phase: phosphate buffered saline (PBS-20X) Flow rate: 0.575 ml / min Run time: 25 min
[0464] SEC method to determine ADC purity. HPLC analysis was carried out under the following measurement conditions: HPLC system: Waters H-Class UPLC System Detector: measurement wavelength: 280 nm Column: ACQUITY UPLC BEH200 SEC 1.7um 4.6x150mm, Waters Column temperature: room temperature Mobile phase A: 200 mM phosphate buffer, 250 mM potassium chloride, 15%isopropyl alcohol, pH 7.0 Gradient program: under 10 min isocratic elutions with the flow rate of 0.3 mL / min Injected sample amount: 20 μg
[0465] The SEC purity of all ADCs disclosed herein was > 95 %purity.
[0466] ADC hydrophobicity evaluation: An ADC with a higher hydrophobic property would appear with a later retention time from HIC (hydrophobicity interaction column) chromatography.
[0467] Results of determined MS DAR are presented in Table 3 and Table 4.
[0468] Table 3. Conjugator-antibody conjugates (without protecting group)
[0469] Table 4. ADCs Antibody information
[0470] 6E7 (anti-CLL1 antibody)
[0471] Light Chain sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1)
[0472] Heavy Chain sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2) Example 4: Conjugation Format of Conjugator-Antibody Conjugates
[0473] The conjugation format (e.g., percentages of full body, half body, piece body species) for representative Conjugator-Antibody Conjugates Nos. 3-3 and 3-6 was determined according to the CE-SDS method described above. Results are shown in Tables 5 and 6 below and Figures 14 and 15, in which the percentages of total sample is reported as follows: “LC%” indicates single light chain-only fragments / species, “2×LC%” indicates species having two light chains, “HC%” indicates heavy chain-only species, “HC + 2×conjugator%” is heavy chains bound to two Conjugator compounds (i.e., No. 3-3 or 3-6) , and “half mAb + 2×conjugator%” is a half antibody (i.e., heavy and light chain) bound to two conjugator (2×con) compounds. The results demonstrate that at least ~70% (No. 3-6) to about 80% (No. 3-3) of the conjugates had a DAR of about 4 (DAR4 species) . The conjugates made by the presently disclosed methods had greater homogeneity than did conjugates produced by random cysteine conjugation (data not shown, but see representative data in Bioconjugate Chem. 2022, 33, 418-426) . For the CE-SDS method described herein, NEM, DTT and TCEP were used as the reducing agents in Samples 3-3-1, 3-3-2 and 3-3-3, respectively, as well as in Samples 3-6-1, 3-6-2 and 3-6-3, respectively.
[0474] Table 5. Conjugator-Antibody Conjugate No. 3-3; CE-SDS data of conjugation format
[0475] Table 6. Conjugator-Antibody Conjugate No. 3-6; CE-SDS data of conjugation format Example 5: Conjugation Format of antibody drug conjugate (ADC)
[0476] The conjugation format (e.g., percentages of full body and half body) for representative ADCs Nos. 4-1 and 4-2 was determined according to the CE-SDS and LC-MS analysis methods described above. Results are shown in Figures 16, 17A, 17B, 18 and 19A-C, which demonstrate that both ADCs are DAR4 species.
[0477] Although the foregoing disclosure has been presented in some detail by way of illustration and example for purposes of clarity of understanding, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that certain minor changes and modifications will be practiced. Therefore, the description and examples should not be construed as limiting.
[0478] It is to be understood that, if any publication is referred to herein, such reference does not constitute an admission that the publication forms a part of the common general knowledge in the art in any country.
[0479] The entire disclosures of all non-patent publications, patents, patent applications, and published patent applications referred to herein are hereby incorporated herein by reference and for all purposes.
Claims
1.A compound of Formula (I) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:BA is a binding agent selected from a humanized, chimeric, or human antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof;X and X’ are independently selected from:each of R1a, R1a’, R1b, R1b’, R2a, R2a’, R2b and R2b’ is, independently, H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted C3-5 cycloalkyl;L and L’ are independently selected from –C (=O) NR–, –NRC (=O) –, –NR–, –NRC (=O) –NR–, –NRC (=S) –NR–, –OC (=O) –NR–, –NR-S (=O) -NR–, –O-S (=O) -NR–, –NR-S (=O) -O–or a bond, wherein R is H, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl;or L and L’ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered or 6-membered heteroaryl, or aryl;each of m, m’, n and n’ is, independently, 0, 1, 2 or 3;B is CR’ or N, wherein R’ is H, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl; andR3 is:--Aa′--Ww′--Yy′--PA;A is a Stretcher unit;a’ is 0 or 1;W is a Cleavable unit;w’ is 0 or 1;Y is a Spacer unit;y’ is 0 or 1;PA is an optional payload residue or an optional Drug unit; andx is from 1 to 15.2.The compound of claim 1, wherein each of R1a, R1a’, R1b, R1b’, R2a, R2a’, R2b and R2b’ is H.3.The compound of any one of claims 1-2, wherein R3 is H, OH, COOH or NH2.4.The compound of any one of claims 1-3, wherein x is from 3.5 to 4.0.5.The compound of claim 4, wherein x is 4.0.6.The compound of any one of claims 1-5, wherein BA is ifinatamab, 6E7, cofetuzumab, patritumab, or trastuzumab, or an antigen binding fragment of ifinatamab, 6E7, cofetuzumab, patritumab, or trastuzumab.7.The compound of any one of claims 1-5, wherein BA is a humanized, chimeric, or human antibody, or an antigen binding fragment thereof, which binds to one or more of receptors chosen from HER2, HER3, CD7, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD25, CD27, CD30, CD33, CD37, CD38, CD46, CD70, CD71, CD74, CD79b, CD123, CD138, CD142, CD166, CD205, CD228, CCR2, CA6, p-Cadherin, CEA, CEACAM5, C4.4a, DLL3, EGFR, EGFRVIII, ENPP3, EphA2, EphrinA, FLOR1, FGFR2, GCC, cKIT, LIV1, LY6E, MSLN, MUC16, NaPi2b, Nectin4, gpNMB, PSMA, SLITRK6, STEAP1, TROP2, 5T4, SSEA4, GloboH, Gb5, STn, Tn, B7H3, BCMA, MUC1, cMet, ROR1 MSLN, FRa, CLDN18.2, CLDN6, PTK7, Axl, FGFR2b, CLL1, CCR7, GPC1, GPC3, B7H3, CEA, FGFR2b, CD74, CLL1, ISAC, cMet, CDCP1, ITGB6, ADAM9, or CD45-iADC.8.The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is a compound of Formulas (IIa) , (IIb) or (IIc) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,wherein Ab is trastuzumab or 6E7.9.The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,wherein Ab is trastuzumab or 6E7.10.The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula (I) is: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,wherein Ab is trastuzumab or 6E7.11.A compound of Formula (III) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:X and X’ are:each of R1a, R1a’, R1b, R1b’, R2a, R2a’, R2b and R2b’ is, independently, H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted C3-5 cycloalkyl;L and L’ are independently selected from –C (=O) NR–, –NRC (=O) –, –NR–, –NRC (=O) –NR–, –NRC (=S) –NR–, –OC (=O) –NR–, –NR-S (=O) -NR–, –O-S (=O) -NR–, –NR-S (=O) -O–or a bond, wherein R is H, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl;or L and L’ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered or 6-membered heteroaryl, or aryl;each of m, m’, n and n’ is, independently, 0, 1, 2 or 3;B is CR’ or N, wherein R’ is H, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl; andR3 is:--Aa′--Ww′--Yy′--PA;A is a Stretcher unit;a’ is 0 or 1;W is a Cleavable unit;w’ is 0 or 1;Y is a Spacer unit;y’ is 0 or 1; andPA is an optional payload residue or an optional Drug unit.12.The compound of claim 11, wherein each of R1a, R1a’, R1b, R1b’, R2a, R2a’, R2b and R2b’ is H.13.The compound of any one of claims 11-12, wherein R3 is H, OH, COOH or NH2.14.The compound of claim 11, wherein the compound of Formula (III) is selected from the group consisting of: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.15.The compound of claim 11, wherein the compound of Formula (III) is: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.16.A compound of Formulas (IVa) , (IVb) , (IVc) or (IVd) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:BA is a binding agent selected from a humanized, chimeric, or human antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof;A is a Stretcher unit;a’ is 0 or 1;W is a Cleavable unit;w’ is 0 or 1;Y is a Spacer unit;y’ is 0 or 1;PA is an optional payload residue or an optional Drug unit; andx is from 1 to 15.17.The compound of claim 16, wherein x is from 3.0 to 4.0.18.The compound of claim 17, wherein x is 3.05 or 4.0.19.The compound of any one of claims 16-18, wherein BA is ifinatamab, 6E7, cofetuzumab, patritumab, or trastuzumab, or an antigen binding fragment of ifinatamab, 6E7, cofetuzumab, patritumab, or trastuzumab.20.The compound of any one of claims 16-18, wherein BA is a humanized, chimeric, or human antibody, or an antigen binding fragment thereof, which binds to one or more of receptors chosen from HER2, HER3, CD7, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD25, CD27, CD30, CD33, CD37, CD38, CD46, CD70, CD71, CD74, CD79b, CD123, CD138, CD142, CD166, CD205, CD228, CCR2, CA6, p-Cadherin, CEA, CEACAM5, C4.4a, DLL3, EGFR, EGFRVIII, ENPP3, EphA2, EphrinA, FLOR1, FGFR2, GCC, cKIT, LIV1, LY6E, MSLN, MUC16, NaPi2b, Nectin4, gpNMB, PSMA, SLITRK6, STEAP1, TROP2, 5T4, SSEA4, GloboH, Gb5, STn, Tn, B7H3, BCMA, MUC1, cMet, ROR1 MSLN, FRa, CLDN18.2, CLDN6, PTK7, Axl, FGFR2b, CLL1, CCR7, GPC1, GPC3, B7H3, CEA, FGFR2b, CD74, CLL1, ISAC, cMet, CDCP1, ITGB6, ADAM9, or CD45-iADC.21.The compound of claim 16, wherein the compound is: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereofwherein Ab is trastuzumab or 6E7.22.A compound of Formula (V) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:X is:each of R1a, R1b, R2a and R2b is, independently, H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted C3-5 cycloalkyl;L is selected from –C (=O) NR–, –NRC (=O) –, –NR–or a bond, wherein R is H, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl;each of m and n is, independently, 0, 1, 2 or 3;each of Y1 and Y2 is, independently, H or halogen, provided that at least one of Y1 and Y2 is halogen;B is CR’ or N, wherein R’ is H, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl; andR3 is:--Aa′--Ww′--Yy′--PA;A is a Stretcher unit;a’ is 0 or 1;W is a Cleavable unit;w’ is 0 or 1;Y is a Spacer unit;y’ is 0 or 1; andPA is an optional payload residue or an optional Drug unit.23.The compound of claim 22, wherein each of R1a, R1b, R2a and R2b is H.24.The compound of any one of claims 22-23, wherein R3 is H, OH, COOH or NH2.25.The compound of any one of claims 22-24, wherein Y1 is H and Y2 is Br.26.The compound of any one of claims 22-24, wherein Y1 and Y2 are Br.27.The compound of claim 22, wherein the compound is: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,wherein each of R3a and R3b is, independently, H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-5 cycloalkyl, –CH2-COOH, –CH2-CONH2, or –CH2CONR.28.The compound of claim 27, wherein the compound is: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.29.A process for the manufacture of an ADC preparation, comprising conjugating a humanized, chimeric, or human antibody, or an antigen binding fragment thereof, with a compound of any one of the claims 11-15 and 22-28, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.30.The process of claim 29, wherein the ADC preparation comprises a DAR4 of at least 70%.31.The process of claim 30, wherein the DAR4 of the ADC preparation is at least 80%.32.The process of claim 31, wherein the DAR4 of the ADC preparation is at least 90%.33.The process of claim 32, wherein the DAR4 of the ADC preparation is at least 95%.34.The process of claim 33, wherein the ADC preparation has not been subjected to purification to isolate an ADC from the ADC preparation, the isolated ADC having a specific DAR.35.An ADC preparation, when manufactured according to a process of claim 29.36.A compound according to any one of the claims 1-10 and 16-21, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use as a therapeutically active substance.37.A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any one of claims 1-10 and 16-21, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.38.The use of a compound according to any one of the claims 1-10 and 16-21, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition according to claim 37, for the therapeutic treatment of a proliferative disease, a metabolic disease, inflammation, or a neurodegenerative disease.39.[Corrected under Rule 26, 31.10.2025]The use of a compound according to any one of the claims 1-10 and 16-21, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition according to claim 37, for the preparation of a medicament for the therapeutic treatment of a proliferative disease, a metabolic disease, inflammation, or a neurodegenerative disease.40.[Corrected under Rule 26, 31.10.2025]A compound according to any one of the claims 1-10 and 16-21, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the therapeutic treatment of a proliferative disease, a metabolic disease, inflammation, or a neurodegenerative disease.41.[Corrected under Rule 26, 31.10.2025]A method of treating a proliferative disease, a metabolic disease, inflammation, or a neurodegenerative disease in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-10 and 16-21, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of claim 37.42.[Corrected under Rule 26, 31.10.2025]The invention as hereinbefore described.42.[Corrected under Rule 26, 31.10.2025]43.[Corrected under Rule 26, 31.10.2025]44.[Corrected under Rule 26, 31.10.2025]45.[Corrected under Rule 26, 31.10.2025]
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Camptothecin analogs conjugated to glutamine residues in proteins and uses thereof
CN116390771A
Antibody-drug conjugate pertuzumab-MCC-DM1, composition of pertuzumab-MCC-DM1 and trastuzumab and uses thereof
WO2015131822A1
Conjugate of monomethyl auristatin f and trastuzumab and its use for the treatment of cancer
WO2016173682A1
Antibody drug conjugates
WO2023223097A1
Linkers, drug linkers and conjugates thereof and methods of using the same
WO2024149345A1