Ternary insecticidal composition comprising chlorfenapyr, fipronil and one of diafenthiuron, dinotefuran and hexythiazox

Abstract

The present invention provides a synergistic insecticidal composition comprising chlorfenapyr, fipronil, and at least one more insecticide. The present invention further provides a method for preparation of the insecticidal composition and use thereof. The insecticidal composition of the present invention is effective against pests of different crops and serves as a useful tool for managing resistance. The composition has a broad spectrum, is environmentally safe, has a reduced dosage, and has a lower frequency of application than existing formulations.

Description

SYNERGISTIC INSECTICIDAL COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF PREPARATION THEREOFFIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to a synergistic insecticidal composition comprising a synergistically effective amount of at least three actives. More particularly, the present invention relates to an insecticidal composition comprising chlorfenapyr, fipronil, and at least one more insecticide. The present invention further provides a method for preparation of the insecticidal composition and use thereof.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Background description includes information that may be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art.

[0003] Loss of crop yield due to pest damage is a major problem that most farmers face. Approximately, 20 to 40% of global crop production is lost to pests annually. Therefore, pesticides are heavily used to manage pests, dangerous insects, and several plant diseases that causes damage to the crops.

[0004] Chilli (Capsicum spp.) and tomato (Solarium lycopersicum), both belonging to Solanaceae family, are among the most economically important horticultural crops grown across diverse regions. In fact, India dominates global chilli production, contributing over 36% of the world’s output. India is also ranked among the top producers of tomato. Despite their commercial and nutritional significance, chilli and tomato crops are highly vulnerable to a wide range of insect and mite pests, which severely impact both yield and fruit quality.

[0005] In chilli cultivation, key pests include sap-sucking insects such as thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis), mites (Polyphagotarsonemus lalus), aphids, and whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci). These pests inflict considerable physiological stress on plants and often results in devastating viral diseases like Chilli Leaf Curl Virus, resulting in yield losses up to 80%. Further, lepidopteran fruit borers such as Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura cause direct fruit damage and thus, diminishes the marketable produce of the crop.

[0006] In Tomato crops, Bemisia tabaci plays a dual role as both a direct pest and a vector of Tomato Leaf Curl Virus (ToLCV). Other sap-feeders like thrips and aphids aggravate virus transmission and weaken plant vigor. Mite infestations, particularly by Polyphagotarsonemus latus, have escalated under warm, dry conditions. This leads to bronzing, stippling, and significant leaf drop. Direct damage Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura on tomato flowers, leaves, and fruits contributes to yield loss of up to 70%.

[0007] Conventional formulations offer a limited control against mixed pest populations and face growing challenges from pest resistance. Therefore, integrating insecticides with diverse modes of action can be used as a viable strategy to improve efficacy, manage resistance, and address the complex pest spectrum associated with the above-mentioned crops.

[0008] Various pesticidal compositions having one or two active ingredients are known to be used for pest control. However, extensive and prolonged use of said compositions has resulted in pest resistance. Therefore, more concentrated formulations are required to be applied which results in adverse effects on plant health and crop yield. With the onset of resistance to certain pests, there is a need for a combination of active ingredients that decreases the chances of resistance and improves the spectrum of pest control and enhances the insecticidal activity.

[0009] There remains a need for novel synergistic insecticidal composition that is effective against pests of different crops and serves as a useful tool for managing resistance, has a broad spectrum, is environmentally safe, has a reduced dosage, and has a lower frequency of application than existing formulations.OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION

[0010] An object of the present invention is to provide a novel and synergistic insecticidal composition with improved insecticidal activity.

[0011] Another object of the present invention is to provide a synergistic insecticidal composition comprising chlorfenapyr, fipronil and at least one more insecticide.

[0012] A further object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparation of the synergistic insecticidal composition.

[0013] Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a synergistic insecticidal composition that increases crop yield.

[0014] Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a synergistic insecticidal composition that promotes plant health.

[0015] Still another object of the present invention is to provide a synergistic insecticidal composition with broad spectrum of control.

[0016] Some or all these and other objectives of the invention may be achieved by way of the invention described hereinafter.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0017] The following presents a simplified summary of the subject matter in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of subject matter embodiments. This summary is not an extensive overview of the subject matter. It is not intended to identify key / critical elements of the embodiments or to delineate the scope of the subject matter. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of the subject matter in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later. A full appreciation of the various aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein can be gained by taking the entire specification, claims, drawings, and abstract as a whole.

[0018] The present invention provides an insecticidal composition comprising a) 0.01 w / w% to 40 w / w% of chlorfenapyr; b) 0.01 w / w% to 50 w / w of fipronil; and 0.01 w / w% to 40 w / w% of at least one insecticide in an amount of at least one insecticide selected from the group consisting of diafenthiuron, dinotefuran and hexythiazox or a combination thereof.

[0019] The present invention also provides an insecticidal composition comprising: chlorfenapyr in an amount of 0.01 w / w% to 40 w / w%; 0.01 w / w% to 50 w / w% of fipronil; 0.01 w / w% to 40 w / w%; of at least one insecticide selected from the group consisting of diafenthiuron, dinotefuran and hexythiazox or a combination thereof; a buffering agent, the buffering agent comprising a mixture of 0.01 to 10 w / w % of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) and 0.01 to 10 w / w% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (PDHP); and 0.01-10 w / w% of Zn- EDTA.

[0020] The present invention further provides an insecticidal composition comprising: 0.01 w / w% to 40 w / w% of chlorfenapyr; 0.01 w / w% to 50 w / w% of fipronil; 0.01 w / w% to 40 w / w% of tolfenpyrad; a buffering agent, the buffering agent comprising a mixture of 0.01 to 10 w / w % of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) and 0.01 to 10 w / w% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (PDHP); and 0.01-10 w / w% of Zn-EDTA.

[0021] The present invention in an aspect provides a process for preparation of the insecticidal composition, comprising the steps of: homogenizing a mixture comprising chlorfenapyr, fipronil and at least one insecticide selected from group consisting of diafenthiuron, dinotefuran and hexythiazox; and milling the homogenized mixture to a particle size of below ten microns to obtain the composition.

[0022] The present invention in another aspect provides process for preparation of the insecticidal composition, comprising the steps of: homogenizing a mixture comprising a buffering agent, Zn-EDTA, chlorfenapyr, fipronil and at least one insecticide selected from group consisting of diafenthiuron, dinotefuran and hexythiazox; and milling the homogenized mixture to a particle size of below ten microns to obtain the composition.

[0023] The present invention in another aspect provides process for preparation of the insecticidal composition, comprising the steps of: homogenizing a mixture comprising a buffering agent, Zn-EDTA, chlorfenapyr, fipronil and tolfenpyrad; and milling the homogenized mixture to a particle size of below ten microns to obtain the composition.

[0024] The present invention further provides a method of controlling pests, the method comprising applying the insecticidal composition to plants.DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0025] The following description with reference to the accompanying examples is provided to assist in a comprehensive understanding of exemplary embodiments of the invention. It includes various specific details to assist in that understanding but these are to be regarded as merely exemplary. Accordingly, persons skilled in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications to the embodiments described herein can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. In addition, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions are omitted for clarity and conciseness.

[0026] The definitions provided herein below for the terminologies used in the present disclosure are for illustrative purpose only and in no manner limit, the scope of the present invention disclosed in the present disclosure.

[0027] All technical and scientific phrases or terms used here have the same meanings as those that a person who is skilled in the field of study of the current subject matter would understand. Although other processes and materials similar to or equivalent, to those described herein may be used in the practice of the present invention, the preferred materials and process are described herein.

[0028] It is to be noted that, as used in the specification the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be noted that the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including “and / or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.

[0029] The expression of various quantities in terms of “% w / w” or “%” means the percentage by weight, relative to the weight of the total solution or composition unless otherwise specified. The term “active ingredient” (a.i.) or “active agent” or “actives” used herein refers to that component of the composition responsible for control and killing of pests / insects.

[0030] The term “formulation” and “composition” as used herein convey the same meaning and may be used interchangeably.

[0031] The term “crop” shall include a multitude of desired crop plants or an individual crop plant. The term “control” means to inhibit the ability of pests to survive, grow, feed and / or reproduce, or to limit the pests" related damage or loss in crop plants. To “control” pests may or may not mean killing the insects although, it may mean killing the pests.

[0032] As used herein, the term “insecticide”, refers to any chemical substance used to destroy / kill, inhibit or otherwise adversely affect the insect pests.

[0033] The term “process” and “method” as used herein convey the same meaning and may be used interchangeably.

[0034] According to the present invention, "increased yield" of a plant, in particular, of an agricultural, silvicultural and / or horticultural plant means that the yield of a product of the respective plant is increased by a measurable amount over the yield of the same product of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of composition according to the present invention.

[0035] Increased yield may be characterized by improved properties such as increased plant weight, increased plant height, increased biomass such as higher overall fresh weight (FW), increased number of flowers per plant, higher grain yield, more tillers or side shoots (branches), larger leaves, increased shoot growth, increased leaf area index.

[0036] Another indicator for the condition of the plant is the "enhanced quality" of a plant and / or its products.

[0037] According to the present invention, enhanced quality means that certain plant characteristics such as the content or composition of certain ingredients are increased or improved by a measurable or noticeable amount over the same factor of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of the mixtures of the present invention. Enhanced quality may be characterized, among others, by following improved properties of the plant or its product: increased nutrient content, increased protein content, increased content of fatty acids, increased metabolite content, increased carotenoid content, increased sugar content, increased amount of essential amino acids, improved nutrient composition, improved protein composition, improved composition of fatty acids, improved metabolite composition, improved carotenoid composition, improved sugar composition, improved amino acids composition, improved or optimal fruit color, improved leaf color, higher storage capacity, higher process ability of the harvested products.

[0038] In an exemplary embodiment, the active ingredients used in the present composition may be in the form of base or any salt form or ester form of the active which is known in the art.

[0039] The term "synergistic" as used herein, refers to the combined action of two or more active agents blended together and administered conjointly that is greater than the sum of their individual effects.

[0040] As used herein, the term “insecticide”, refers to any chemical substance used to destroy / kill, inhibit or otherwise adversely affect the insect pests.

[0041] A pesticidal composition, according to the present invention, comprises an effective amount of three insecticides.

[0042] The term “plants” refers to all physical parts of a plant, including seeds, seedlings, saplings, roots, tubers, stems, stalks, foliage, and fruits. The term “locus” of a plant as used herein is intended to embrace the place on which the plants are growing, where the plant propagation materials of the plants are sown or where the plant propagation materials of the plants will be placed into the soil. The term “plant propagation materials” is understood to denote generative parts of a plant, such as seeds, vegetative materials such as cutting or tubers, roots, fruits, bulbs, rhizomes and parts of plants, germinated plants and young plants which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from the soil. These young plants may be protected before transplantation by total or partial treatment by immersion.SYNERGISTIC INSECTICIDAL COMPOSITION

[0043] The present invention provides an insecticidal composition comprising chlorfenapyr, fipronil, and at least one more insecticide.

[0044] In an embodiment of the present invention, the insecticidal composition comprises 0.01 w / w% to 40 w / w% of chlorfenapyr; 0.01 w / w% to 50 w / w% of fipronil; and 0.01 w / w% to 40 w / w% of at least one insecticide from the group consisting of diafenthiuron, dinotefuran and hexythiazox or a combination thereof.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the insecticidal composition comprises: 0.01% to 40% w / w of chlorfenapyr; 0.01% to 50% w / w of fipronil; and 0.01% to 40% w / w of diafenthiuron. In more preferred embodiment of the present invention, the insecticidal composition comprises: 1-35% w / w of chlorfenapyr; 1-35% w / w of fipronil; and 1 to 35 % w / w of diafenthiuron.

[0046] In yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the insecticidal composition comprises 0.01% to 40% w / w of chlorfenapyr; 0.01% to 50% w / w of fipronil; and 0.01% to 40% w / w of dinotefuran. In more preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the insecticidal composition comprises: chlorfenapyr in an amount of 1-30% w / w; fipronil in an amount of 1-25 % w / w; and dinotefuran in an amount of 1 to 35 % w / w.

[0047] In further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the insecticidal composition comprises 0.01% to 40% w / w of chlorfenapyr; 0.01% to 50% w / w of fipronil; and 0.01% to 40% w / w of hexythiazox. In more preferred embodiment of the present invention, the insecticidal composition comprises: a) chlorfenapyr in an amount of 1-35% w / w; b) fipronil in an amount of 1-35 % w / w; and c) hexythiazox in an amount of 1 to 35 % w / w.

[0048] In an embodiment of the present invention, the insecticidal composition comprises insecticidal composition comprising: 0.01 w / w% to 40 w / w% of chlorfenapyr; 0.01 w / w% to 50 w / w% of fipronil; 0.01 w / w% to 40 w / w% of at least one insecticide selected from the group consisting of diafenthiuron, dinotefuran, and hexythiazox or a combination thereof; 0.01 to 10 w / w % of a buffering agent, the buffering agent comprising a mixture of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (PDHP); and 0.01-10 w / w% of Zn- EDTA.

[0049] In another embodiment of the present invention, the insecticidal composition comprises insecticidal composition comprising: 0.01 w / w% to 40 w / w% of chlorfenapyr; 0.01 w / w% to 50 w / w% of fipronil; 0.01 w / w% to 40 w / w% of tolfenpyrad; 0.01 to 10 w / w % of a buffering agent, the buffering agent comprising a mixture of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (PDHP); and 0.01-10 w / w% of Zn- EDTA.

[0050] Zn-EDTA functions as a nutrient additive. The inclusion of zinc-EDTA not only contributes to formulation stability but also helps in crop greening effect and improving the overall crop health.

[0051] The buffering agent stabilizes pH of the formulation, thereby minimizing degradation or reactivity among active ingredients. Buffering agents also prevent crystallization and phase separation during storage. Another advantages of the buffering agent includes improvement in solubility and dispersibility of the active ingredients, promoting better plant vigor and enhancing the greening effect by delivering essential micronutrients (e.g., zinc) to crops. The buffereing agent is mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium dihydrogenphosphate (PDHP). Sometimes, an additional buffer can also be included, for example sodium citrate.

[0052] A robust and stable formulation can be achieved by carefully balancing the suspensibility of active ingredients and optimizing particle sizes through addition of the buffer and nutrient additive, thereby overcoming flowability and viscosity concerns.

[0053] In another embodiment of the present invention, the insecticidal composition comprises a stabilizer along with a buffering agent. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composition further comprises 0.01-20 w / w% of a stabilizer selected from the group consisting of poly(oxy-l,2-ethanediyl), a-sulfo-co-[2,4,6-tris(l-phenylethyl)phenoxy]-, ammonium salt; amine neutralized polyethanoxy ether derivative phosphate and inert ingredients; 2-Propenoic acid, 2-m ethyl-, polymer with a-methyl-co-hydroxypoly(oxy-l,2- ethanediyl) and methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate, graft; sodium lignosulfonate; and ethoxylated polyarylphenol phosphate amine salt.

[0054] In the compositions of the present invention, the active ingredients may be employed in pure form, for example, the solid active ingredients in a specific particle size, or, preferably, together with at least one of the agrochemically acceptable excipients conventionally used in the art of formulation. The agrochemically acceptable excipients can be present in the range from 0.1% to 99% of the total weight of the composition.

[0055] In another aspect of the present invention, the agrochemically acceptable excipients can be selected from the group comprising of carrier(s), dispersing agent(s), surfactant(s), binder(s), disintegrating agent(s), wetting agent(s), thickener(s), biocide(s), preservative(s), adjuvant(s), antifreeze agent(s), defoamer(s) or antifoaming agent(s), solvents, biocide(s), thickener(s), or a combination thereof.

[0056] A “dispersant”, also known as a dispersing agent, is a substance that adsorbs onto the surface of particles, preserving their dispersion and preventing them from re-aggregating. Dispersants are added to an agrochemical composition to aid in particle dispersion and suspension during manufacturing, as well as to ensure particle re-disperse in water in a spray tank. They are a common ingredient in wettable powders, suspension concentrates, and water dispersible granules. Surfactants used as dispersants have the ability to adsorb strongly onto aparticle surface and provide a charged or stearic barrier to re-aggregation of particles. The most commonly used surfactants are either anionic, non-ionic, or combination thereof.

[0057] Dispersing agents may be selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to acrylic graft copolymer, alcohols, C9-l l-iso-, CIO-rich, ethoxylated, sodium lignosulphonates, poly aryl phenyl ether phosphate, tristyryl phenol ethylated, ethoxylated tristryl phenol sulphate, naphthalene sulfonic acid, sodium salt condensate with formaldehyde, ethoxylated oleyl cetyl alcohol, polyalkelene glycol ether, ethoxylated fatty alcohol; EO-PO block copolymers; and graft copolymers or mixtures thereof. Non-ionic surfactants such as alkyl aryl ethylene oxide condensates and EO-PO block copolymers may be combined with anionic surfactants. In recent years, new types of very high molecular weight polymeric surfactants have been developed as dispersants. These have very long hydrophobic backbones and a large number of ethylene oxide chains forming the “teeth of a comb” surfactant. These high molecular weight polymers may give long-term stability to suspension concentrates because the hydrophobic backbones have many anchoring points onto the particle surfaces. Examples of dispersants used herein include but not limited to sodium lignosulphonates; poly aryl phenyl ether phosphate, tristyryl phenol ethylated / acrylic graft copolymer / ethoxylated tristryl phenol sulphate, naphthalene sulfonic acid, sodium salt condensate with formaldehyde, ethoxylated oleyl cetyl alcohol, polyalkelene glycol ether, ethoxylated fatty alcohol and graft copolymers or mixtures thereof. In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, surfactants / dispersing agents are present in the range of 0.01-20% of the total composition.

[0058] Examples of anti-freezing agent are polyethylene glycols, mono ethylene glycol, methoxy polyethylene glycols, glycol, propylene glycol, polypropylene glycols, poly butylene glycols, glycerin, ethylene glycol, di ethylene glycol or mixture thereof. In an embodiment of the present invention the anti -freezing agent is present in the range of 1-20% by weight of the total composition.

[0059] Preservative may be selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to, 20% aqueous dipropylene glycol solution of 1, 2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, formaldehyde potassium sorbate, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid esters, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, and 5-chloro-2-methyl- 4-isothiazolin-3-one.

[0060] Suitable adjuvants may be selected from the group consisting of vegetable oil (plant, seed or tree) or it’s alkylated or ethoxylated or esterified; the alkylated vegetable oil may be methylated vegetable oil or ethylated vegetable oil; the vegetable oils include olive oil, kapok oil, castor oil, papaya oil, camellia oil, sesame oil, corn oil, rice bran oil, cotton seed oil, soybean oil, groundnut oil, rapeseed oil, mustard oil, linseed oil, tung oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, coconut oil; the alkyl ester of vegetable oils, methyl ester, ethyl ester, propyl ester or butyl ester of vegetable oils, methylated seed oil, polyalkyleneoxide modified polydimethylsiloxane, alkylphenol ethoxylate, rapeseed oil methyl ester, rapeseed oil ethyl ester, rapeseed oil propyl esters, rapeseed oil butyl esters, soybean oil methyl ester, soybean oil ethyl ester, soybean oil propyl esters, soybean oil butyl esters, castor oil methyl ester, castor oil ethyl ester, castor oil propyl esters, castor oil butyl esters, cotton seed oil methyl ester, cotton seed oil ethyl ester, cotton seed oil propyl esters, cotton seed oil butyl esters, tall oil fatty acids esters, tallow methyl ester, bio-diesel, mineral oil (aromatic solvents, isoparaffin, base solvent), fatty acid amides (e.g. C1-C3 amines, alkylamines or alkanolamines with C6-C18 carboxylic acids), fatty acids, alkyl esters of fatty acids, methyl and ethyl oleate, methyl and ethyl soyate, alkyl benzenes and alkylnapthalenes, polyalkylene glycol ethers, fatty acid diesters, fatty alkylamides and diamides, dialkylene carbonates, ketones and alcohols; the above oil based adjuvant may be used as solo and mixture thereof.

[0061] Water-based formulations often produce foam during production mixing procedures. Anti-foam chemicals are frequently added during the manufacture stage or before filling into bottles to reduce the tendency to foam. Anti-foam agents are classified into two types, silicones and non-silicones. Silicones are usually aqueous emulsions of dimethyl polysiloxane. Non-silicone anti- foam agents are water-insoluble oils such as octanol and nonyl, or silica. In both cases, the function of the anti-foam agent is to displace the surfactant from the air-water interface. Defoamer / antifoaming agents are used in agrochemical formulations to prevent foaming during mixing and spraying stages. They are typically added to the composition, as foam prevents efficient container filling. Antifoaming agents may be selected from the group comprising of silicon emulsion based anti-foam agents, siloxane polyalkyleneoxide, trisiloxane ethoxylates and mixtures thereof. In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, defoamers may be present in the range of 0.01-10 % by weight of the total composition.

[0062] A wetting agent is a substance that, when added to a liquid, increases its spreading or penetrating ability by lowering the interfacial tension between the liquid and the surface it is spreading on. Wetting agents are used for two main functions in agrochemical formulations: during processing and manufacturing to increase the rate of wetting of powders in water to make concentrates for soluble liquids or suspension concentrates, and during mixing of a product with water in a spray tank or other vessel to reduce the wetting time of wettable powders and improve water penetration into water-dispersible granules. In an embodiment of the present invention, wetting agents used in suspension concentrate, wettable powder, and water dispersible granule formulations include, but not limited to, sodium lauryl sulphate; sodium dioctylsulphosuccinate, alkyl phenol ethoxylates, and aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates or mixtures thereof. In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wetting agents or / and dispersing agents may present in the range of 0.01 - 15.0% by weight of the total composition.

[0063] Anti-microbial agents are used to eliminate or diminish the effect of micro-organism. Examples of such agent include, but are not limited to, propionic acid and its sodium salt, Sorbic acid and its Sodium or Potassium salts, Benzoic acid and its Sodium salt, p-hydroxy Benzoic acid sodium salt, methyl p-hydroxy benzoate, and biocides such as sodium benzoate, l,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4- isothiazolin-3-one, potassium sorbate, parahydroxybenzoates or mixtures thereof. In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, biocides / or anti-microbial agent may be present in the range of 0.01-4% by weight of the total composition.

[0064] Thickeners, gelling agents, and viscosity modifier are commonly used in the formulation of suspension concentrates, emulsions, and suspoemulsions to alter the rheology or flow properties of the liquid and to avoid separation and settling of the dispersed particles or droplets. Thickening, gelling, and anti-settling agents are classified as either waterinsoluble particles or water-soluble polymers. Clay and silicas may be used for preparing suspension concentrate compositions. These materials include, but are limited to, montmorillonite (e.g., bentonite); magnesium aluminum silicate; and attapulgite. For many years, water-soluble polysaccharides have been used as thickening, and gelling agents. Natural extracts of seeds and seaweed, as well as synthetic derivatives of cellulose or mixtures thereof, are the most often utilized polysaccharides. Guar gum, locust bean gum, carrageenam, xanthan gum, alginates, methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(SCMC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) or combination thereof are examples of these materials. Other anti-settling agents are based on modified starches, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide or any combination thereof. These auxiliaries can be added depending on the specific requirements of formulations.

[0065] Solvent(s) may be selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to, water, demineralized water (DM); alcohols such as ethanol, propanol, n-octanol, isopropanol ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerine; polyol ethers such as ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone; ethers such as dipropyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran; aliphatic hydrocarbons such as normal paraffin, isoparaffin, kerosene, mineral oil; aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylene, toluene, naphthalene, solvent naphtha, solvent C9, solvent CIO, solvent C12, solvesso 100, solvesso 150, solvesso 200; chlorinated aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons such as chloro benzene, chloro ethylene, methylene chloride; esters such as ethyl acetate, diisopropyl phthalate, dimethyl adipate, methyl oleate, methyl tallowate; lactones such as gamma-butyrolactone; amides such as dimethyl formamide, N-methyl-2- pyrrolidone, N-octyl pyrolidone, N, N dimethyl decanamide; nitriles such as acetonitrile; organo sulfur compounds.

[0066] In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the carriers may be present in the “Quantum Satis” i.e., Q.S quantity.

[0067] The insecticidal composition of the present invention provides broad-spectrum control against key insect and mite pest including Scirtothrips dorsalis, Polyphagotarsonemus lalus. Bemisia labaci. Helicoverpa armigera , Spodoptera lilura, in chilli and tomato crops, thereby enhancing pest management outcomes, improving and crop productivity.

[0068] In an embodiment, the insecticidal composition of the present invention is formulated as Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsifiable granule (EG), Emulsion water-in- oil (EO), Emulsifiable powder (EP), Emulsion for seed treatment (ES), Emulsion oil-in-water (EW), Flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Granules (GR), Micro-emulsion (ME), Oil dispersion (OD), Oil miscible flowable concentrate (OF), Oil miscible liquid (OL), Oildispersible powder (OP), Suspension concentrate (SC), Suspension concentrate for direct application (SD), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Water soluble granule (SG), Soluble concentrate (SL), Spreading oil (SO), Water soluble powder (SP), Water dispersible granules (WG), Wettable powder (WP), Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), a mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC) or a mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE), a mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW). In a preferred embodiment, the insecticidal composition of the present invention is formulated as suspension concentrate.

[0069]

[0070] Further, one or more auxiliaries can be added to the composition of the present invention in the desired amounts depending on the specific requirements of formulations.PREPARATION OF THE SYNERGISTIC INSECTICIDAL COMPOSITION

[0071] The present invention provides a method of preparation of the synergistic insecticidal compositions. In the absence of auxiliaries or agriculturally acceptable excipients, the compositions can be prepared by mixing, grinding and / or compressing mixture of active ingredients, for example to a specific particle size. In the presence of at least one auxiliary, the composition can be prepared by intimately mixing and / or grinding the mixture of active ingredients with one or more auxiliaries.

[0072] An embodiment of the present invention provides a process for preparation of the insecticidal composition, the process comprising the steps of: homogenizing a mixture comprising chlorfenapyr, fipronil and at least one insecticide selected from group consisting of diafenthiuron, dinotefuran and hexythiazox; and milling the homogenized mixture to a particle size of below ten microns to obtain the composition.

[0073] In another embodiment of the present invention, the process for preparation of the insecticidal composition comprises mixing an anti-foaming agent, dispersing agent and an anti-freezing agent to form a first mixture;adding chlorfenapyr, fipronil and at least one insecticide selected from group consisting of diafenthiuron, dinotefuran and hexythiazox to the first mixture followed by homogenization to obtain a second mixture; milling the second mixture to a particle size of below ten microns; and adding a thickening agent, a biocide, and a carrier to the milled mixture followed by homogenization to obtain the composition.

[0074] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a process for preparation of the insecticidal composition, the process comprising the steps of: homogenizing a mixture comprising a buffering agent, Zn-EDTA, chlorfenapyr, fipronil and at least one insecticide selected from group consisting of diafenthiuron, dinotefuran and hexythiazox; and milling the homogenized mixture to a particle size of below ten microns to obtain the composition.

[0075] In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the process for preparation of the insecticidal composition comprises, obtaining a buffering agent comprising a mixture of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (PDHP); adding Zn-EDTA to the buffering agent to obtain a first mixture, mixing an anti -foaming agent, dispersing agent and an anti -freezing agent in the first mixture to form a second mixture; adding chlorfenapyr, fipronil and at least one insecticide selected from group consisting of diafenthiuron, dinotefuran and hexythiazox to the second mixture followed by homogenization to obtain a third mixture; milling the third mixture to a particle size of below ten microns; and adding a thickening agent, a biocide, and a carrier to the milled mixture followed by homogenization to obtain the composition.

[0076] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a process for preparation of the insecticidal composition comprising homogenizing a mixture comprising a buffering agent, Zn-EDTA, chlorfenapyr, fipronil and tolfenpyrad; and milling the homogenized mixture to a particle size of below ten microns to obtain the composition.

[0077] In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the process for preparation of the insecticidal composition comprises:obtaining a buffering agent comprising a mixture of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (PDHP); adding Zn-EDTA to the buffering agent to obtain a first mixture, mixing an anti -foaming agent, dispersing agent and an anti -freezing agent in the first mixture to form a second mixture; adding chlorfenapyr, fipronil and tolfenpyrad to the second mixture followed by homogenization to obtain a third mixture; milling the third mixture to a particle size of below ten microns; and adding a thickening agent, a biocide, and a carrier to the milled mixture followed by homogenization to obtain the composition.

[0078] In still another embodiment of the present invention, a stabilizer is mixed with the first mixture before adding other ingredients. The stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of poly(oxy-l,2-ethanediyl), a-sulfo-co-[2,4,6-tris(l-phenylethyl)phenoxy]-, ammonium salt; amine neutralized polyethanoxy ether derivative phosphate and inert ingredients; 2-Propenoic acid, 2-m ethyl-, polymer with a-methyl-co-hydroxypoly(oxy-l,2- ethanediyl) and methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate, graft; sodium lignosulfonate; and ethoxylated polyarylphenol phosphate amine salt.

[0079] Other formulations of the compositions of the present invention can be prepared as known to a person skilled in the art.

[0080] The composition of the present invention can be applied to the roots, either directly or through administration to the soil. A particularly preferred method of application is foliar application. Foliar spray is a technique of feeding plants by applying liquid pesticides directly to the leaves. Plants are able to absorb active ingredients of systematic pesticide to enable better control of insect pest through trans-laminar action through their leaves. Foliar application has been shown to avoid the problem of leaching-out in soils and prompts a quick reaction in the plant.In an embodiment of the present invention, the compositions of the present invention can control the insects and mite pests which belong, but not limited to Aphids; Broad mites; Flea beetles; Leafhoppers; Liriomyza leafminers; Spider mites (Telranychus urticae, Tetranychusevansty, Thrips (Thrips palmi); Tomato pinworms; Tomato Psyllids; Tomato Russet mites; Whiteflies; and Moths (Tuta absoluta) on tomato; Aphids (Toxoptera cilricidci): Asian citrus psyllids (Diaphorina citriy, Black fly; Broad mites; Citrus bud mites; Citrus leafminers Phyllocnistis citrellciy, Citrus root weevils (larval complex); Citrus rust mites; Citrus thrips; Leafhoppers / Sharpshooters; Leafminers; Mealy bugs; Scales; Two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae),' Whiteflies; Thrips; and Spider mites on citrus; Aphids (except Black pecan aphid); European red mites (Panonychus ulmi); Two-spotted spider mites; Whiteflies; Pistachio psylla (Agonoscena pistaciae); and Spider mites on pistachio; Aphids (Aphis gossypii); and Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) on cotton; Leafminers (Leucoptera coffeella) on coffee; • Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci raga B); and leafminers (Liriomyza huidobrensis) on melon; • Aphids (Myzus persicae); and leafminers (Liriomyza huidobrensis) on potato; Thrips (Thrips palmi) on red pepper; Stink bugs (Euschistus heros); two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae); stink bugs (Piezodorus); and mites (Mononychellus planki) on soybean; and Spider mites (Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus evansi) on rose Spider mites (Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus evansi); Thrips (Thrips palmi); and Moths (Tuta absoluta) on tomato; Aphids (Toxoptera citricida); Citrus leafminers (Phyllocnistis citrella); Twospotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae); and Asian citrus psyllids {Diaphorina citri) on citrus; European red mites (Panonychus ulmi); and Pistachio psylla (Agonoscena pistaciae) on pistachio; Aphids (Aphis gossypii); and Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) on cotton; Leafminers (Leucoptera coffeella) on coffee; Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci raga B); and leafminers (Liriomyza huidobrensis) on melon; Aphids (Myzus persicae); and leafminers (Liriomyza huidobrensis) on potato; Thrips (Thrips palmi) on red pepper; Stink bugs (Euschistus heros); two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae); stink bugs (Piezodorus); and mites (Mononychellus planki) on soybean; and Spider mites (Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus evansi) on rose.

[0081] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compositions of the present invention can control the insects and mite pests like Scirtothrips dorsalis, Polyphagotarsonemus lalus. Bemisia tabaci, Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura.

[0082] The compositions of the present invention can be used for controlling insects and mites of the above-mentioned type which occur in particular on plants, especially in crop plants and ornamentals, in agricultural, in horticulture and in forests, or on parts of such plants, such as fruits, flowers, foliage, stalks, tubers or roots.

[0083] In an embodiment of the present invention, the crops on which the compositions 5 of the present invention may be used include, but not limited to, chilli, tomato, cereals (wheat, barley, rye, oats, maize, rice, sorghum, triticale and related crops); fruit, such as pomes, stone fruit and soft fruit, such as apples, grapes, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, pistachio, cherries, and berries, for example strawberries, raspberries and blackberries, bell pepper, red pepper; leguminous plants (beans, lentils, peas, soybeans); oil plants (rape, mustard, sunflowers); cucurbitaceae (marrows, cucumbers, melons); fibre plants (cotton, flax, hemp, jute); citrus, such as calamondin, citrus citron, citrus hybrids (includes chironja tangelo, tangor), grapefruit, kumquat, lemon, lime, mandarin (tangerine), sour orange, sweet orange, pummelo, and satsuma mandarin; vegetables (spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, paprika); coffee; as well as ornamentals (flowers, such as rose, shrubs, broad-leaved trees and evergreens, such as conifers).Examples

[0084] The present subject matter is further enumerated and substantiated by way of working examples as described hereinafter with reference to the system incorporated in the present subject matter.I. Formulations and Preparatory Examples

[0085] Various formulations / compositions have been prepared as TE1, IE1 to IE18 as tabulated in Tables 1.1 to 1.6. TE1 is a tank mix. IE1 to IE10 are suspension concentrate (SC) formulations, IE11 and IE12 are Water dispersible granules (WG), IE13 and IE14 are flowable suspensions (FS), IE15 and IE16 are wettable powder (WP) formulations and IE17 and IE 18 are Oil Dispersion (OD)formulations. These formulations have been prepared in accordance with the below-mentioned method.Tank mix:The composition of the present invention was prepared as a tank mix (TE1) by mixing 10w / w% Chlorfenapyr, 6w / w% fipronil and 20 w / w % diafenthiuron and demineralized water (Q.S.).Table ASuspension concentrate formulations

[0086] The SC formulations of the present invention provided in table 1.1 were prepared as follows- a buffer was prepared by adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium hydroxide into demineralized water, and mixing thoroughly;- Zn-EDTA was added to the buffer followed by addition of silicon defoamer ; next, dispersing agents, stabilizer, wetting agents and propylene glycol were added to the above solution and stirred continuously for 15-20 minutes;- the active ingredients were incorporated in the mixture followed by homogenization for 30 minutes; milling of the above mixture was initiated and the mixture was passed through a bead mill via wet grinding to achieve particle sizes below 10 microns;- the milled material was transferred into a second post-feed vessel;- xanthan gum solution, biocide, and the remaining water were added into the milled mass;- the entire mixture was homogenized using a homogenizer for 20 minutes until no lumps of xanthan gum are observed;- the material was packed into suitable pack using a standard sieve of 36 mesh to obtain the suspension concentrate.

[0087] Table 1.1: Suspension Concentrate (SC) formulations

[0088] An embodiment of the SC formulation of the present invention provided in table 1.2 was prepared as follows- demineralized water was charged into a prefeed mixing vessel. silicon defoamer was added in the mixing vessel and mixture was stirred.- Next, an anionic polymer, ethoxylated fatty alcohol, aqueous solution of acrylic polymer, and propylene glycol were while stirring for 15-20 minutes.- Next, the active ingredients (Diafenthiuron Technical, Chlorfenapyr Technical, and Fipronil Technical) were added followed by homogenization for 30 minutes. milling of the above mixture was initiated and the mixture was passed through a bead mill via wet grinding to achieve particle sizes below 10 microns;- the milled material was transferred into a second post-feed vessel;- xanthan gum solution, biocide, and the remaining water were added into the milled mass;- the entire mixture was homogenized using a homogenizer for 20 minutes until no lumps of xanthan gum are observed;- the material was packed into suitable pack using a standard sieve of 36 mesh to obtain the suspension concentrate.Table 1.2: Suspension Concentrate (SC) formulationsWater Dispersible Granules (WG) formulations

[0089] The WG formulations of the present invention provided in table 1.3 were prepared as follows- all the raw materials including the active ingredients as per the specified formulations were combined in a pre-blending vessel followed by mixing thoroughly for 15 minutes; the mixed mass was transferred to an air classifier mill for grinding; the ground mass was moved to the post-blender and blended for 30 minutes; a measured quantity of the milled material was mixed with water in a blender for 15- 20 minutes; the resulting water-powder mixture was transferred into the granulator for granulation, followed by drying to obtain water dispersible granules of the present invention.

[0090] Table 1.3 : Water Dispersible Granules (WG) formulationsFlowable Suspension (FS) formulations

[0091] The FS formulations of the present invention provided in table 1.4 were prepared as follows-- Zn-EDTA and silicon defoamer were added to a buffer to form a uniform dispersion. The buffer was prepared by adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium hydroxide into demineralized water, and mixing thoroughly; stabilizer, dispersing agents, wetting agents, propylene glycol and precipitated silica were blended into the above dispersion,- Next, all the active ingredients of the formulations were added followed by homogenization for at least 30 minutes,- the homogenized mixture was subjected to wet milling using a bead mill to reduce the particle size to below 10 microns, colorant, xanthan gum , biocide and demineralized water was added to the milled mixture and homogenised for another 20 minutes until no lumps of xanthan gum were found, to obtain the formulation of the present invention.

[0092] Table 1.4: Flowable Suspension (FS) formulationsWettable Powder (WP) formulations

[0093] The WP formulations of the present invention provided in table 1.5 were prepared as follows-- the active ingredients were weighed and added to a pre-blender, stabilizer, dispersing agents, wetting agents, buffering agents, Zn-EDTA, binder and carrier were added into the pre-blender and the mixture was blended for 30 minutes,- the blended mixture was simultaneously milled to obtain a micronized powder,- the milled powder was homogenised for 30 minutes to obtain the formulation of the present invention.

[0094] Table 1.5 : Wettable Powder (WP) formulationsOil Dispersion (OD) formulations

[0095] The OD formulations of the present invention provided in table 1.6 were prepared as follows-- the active ingredients were weighed and added to a pre-blender, dispersing agents / wetting agents, buffering agents, binder and carrier were added into the pre-blender and the mixture was blended for 30 minutes,- the blended mixture was simultaneously milled to obtain a micronized powder,- the milled powder was homogenised for 30 minutes to obtain the formulation of the present invention.Table 1.6: Oil Dispersion (OD) formulationsII. Biological Examples

[0096] “Synergism” [is] an interaction of two or more factors such that the effect when combined is greater than the predicted effect based on the response to each factor applied separately. If the observed response of the combination is greater than the expected (or predicted) response, or stated conversely, if the difference between the observed and expected response is greater than zero, then the combination is said to be synergistic or unexpectedly effective. (Colby, S.R., Weeds, 1967(15), p.20-22). The Colby method required only a single dose of each herbicide applied alone and the mixture of both doses.

[0097] However, following formula was used to calculate the expected activity of mixtures containing three active ingredients, A, B and C: where:A= observed efficacy of active ingredient A B = observed efficacy of active ingredient B C = observed efficacy of active ingredient C

[0098] If, Observed ValueZExpected Value >1 = Good synergistic effect.Treatment Details:

[0099] The experiments reported in this section were conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications, each having a plot area of 25 m2The test samples, according to the treatment schedule, were applied at pest appearance using 500 Liters of water per hectare with a knapsack sprayer.

[0100] Pre-count pest population on the crop was recorded before the spray application. Pest counts were recorded by randomly selecting five plants per replication and noting the larval population for each replication. Observations were recorded on the 3rd, 7th, and 10th days after the spray application (DAA).

[0101] Field evaluation studies were done for the inventive and comparative compositions to evaluate the bio-efficacy of the compositions.2.1. Bio-efficacy studies in Chili crop against Spodoptera exigua.

[0102] IE1, IE11, IE16 and IE18 are the inventive formulations of the present invention. CE1 to CE6 are comparative examples. Cl is control with no treatment.Experiment Details:

[0103] Table 2.1 : Effectiveness of the formulations against Chilli Thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis)*DAA (days after application), Pre count (Number of pest population before spray)

[0104] A comprehensive field study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the developed composition against key pests affecting chilli crops, specifically thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis). The performance of the invention was assessed by calculating the corrected percent control of pest populations relative to untreated controls at various intervals — 3, 7, 10, and 14 days after application (DAA). The developed composition demonstrated superior efficacy compared to other tested treatments, achieving the highest corrected percent control at 7, 10, and 14 DAA. When compared to existing solo treatments, two-way combinations, the present invention consistently outperformed these alternatives.• Solo and two-way combination treatments exhibited comparatively poor pest control results, with significantly lower corrected percent control values throughout the observation period.• Three-way combinations showed statistically significant improvements in pest suppression.

[0105] The formulation of the present invention contributed to enhanced pest control effectiveness in chilli crops. The results clearly indicate that the present invention not onlyprovides broad-spectrum control of various pests, but also ensures sustained efficacy over time, contributing to improved crop protection and yield.

[0106] The results indicate a significant reduction in the population of Scirtothrips dorsalis when treated with the inventive compositions of the present invention. Table 2.1 demonstrates that the pest control by inventive compositions is better than individual pesticide or binary combination of the pesticides.

[0107] Table 2.2 : Effectiveness of the formulations against Chilli Mites(Polyphagotarsonemus latus).

[0108] A comprehensive field study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the developed composition against key pests affecting chilli crops, specifically mites (Polyphagotarsonemus latus . The performance of the invention was assessed by calculating the corrected percent control of pest populations relative to untreated controls at various intervals — 3, 7, 10, and 14 days after application (DAA). The developed composition demonstrated superior efficacy compared to other tested treatments, achieving the highest corrected percent control at 7, 10, and 14 DAA. When compared to existing solo treatments, two-way combinations, the present invention consistently outperformed these alternatives.• Solo and two-way combination treatments exhibited comparatively poor pest control results, with significantly lower corrected percent control values throughout the observation period.• Three-way combinations showed statistically significant improvements in pest suppression.

[0109] The compositions of present invention contributed to enhanced pest control effectiveness in chilli crops. The results clearly indicate that the present invention not only provides broad-spectrum control of various pests, but also ensures sustained efficacy over time, contributing to improved crop protection and yield.

[0110] The results indicate a significant reduction in the population of Polyphagotarsonemus latus when treated with the inventive compositions of the present invention. Table 2.2 demonstrates that the pest control by inventive compositions is better than individual pesticide or binary combination of the pesticides.

[0111] Table 2.3 : Effectiveness of the formulations against Chilli Tobacco caterpillar (Spodoptera liliira)

[0112] A comprehensive field study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the developed composition against key pests affecting chilli crops, specifically Spodoptera litura. The performance of the invention was assessed by calculating the corrected percent control of pest populations relative to untreated controls at various intervals — 3, 7, 10, and 14 days after application (DAA). The developed composition demonstrated superior efficacy compared to other tested treatments, achieving the highest corrected percent control at 7, 10, and 14 DAA. When compared to existing solo treatments, two-way combinations, the present invention consistently outperformed these alternatives.• Solo and two-way combination treatments exhibited comparatively lower pest control results, with significantly lower corrected percent control values throughout the observation period.• Three-way combinations showed statistically significant improvements in pest suppression.

[0113] The compositions of present invention contributed to enhanced pest control effectiveness in chilli crops. The results clearly indicate that the present invention not only provides broad-spectrum control of various pests, but also ensures sustained efficacy over time, contributing to improved crop protection and yield.

[0114] The results indicate a significant reduction in the population of Spodoptera litura when treated with the inventive compositions of the present invention. Table 2.3 demonstrates that the pest control by inventive compositions is better than individual pesticide or binary combination of the pesticides.Synergistic effect of different compositions against Chilli Thrips, Mites & Spodoptera litura

[0115] The results indicate high value of ratio of observed effect to the expected effect for the compositions of the present invention over comparative examples. Therefore, the inventive composition of the present invention shows synergistic effect.Table 2.4: Synergistic effect of different compositions against Chilli Thrips, Mites &Spodoptera litura

[0116] The present invention reveals that combining chemical compositions with distinct modes of action results in a synergistic effect that significantly enhances pest and disease control. This synergism not only improves efficacy beyond that of individual agents but also allows for reduced chemical dosages, thereby minimizing environmental impact. Additionally, present invention helps delay the onset of pest resistance by targeting multiple mechanisms simultaneously. The broadened spectrum of activity afforded by these mixtures provides more comprehensive crop protection against diverse pests. Ultimately, these improvements contribute to healthier crops, leading to increased yields and superior produce quality, which are critical outcomes in sustainable agricultural practices.2.2. Bio-efficacy studies in Tomato crop against Tomato mites and fruit borerExperiment Details:Treatment details:

[0117] IE1, IE11, IE16 and IE18 are the inventive formulations of the present invention. CE1 to CE6 are comparative examples. Cl is control with no treatment. A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed composition against Mites (Polyphagotarsonemus lalus . and Fruit Borer (Helicoverpa armigera) in Tomato crops. The effectiveness was assessed by measuring the corrected percent control in pest population over the untreated control at different intervals - 3, 7, and 10 days after application (DAA).

[0118] Table 3.1 Effectiveness of the formulations against Tomato Mites(Polyphagotarsonemus lalus)

[0119] A field study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed composition against Tomato Mites (Polyphagotarsonemus latus). The efficacy was assessed by measuring the corrected percent control of the mite population compared to an untreated control at 3, 7, and 10 days after application (DAA). The developed composition demonstrated the highest efficacy, showing significant pest control particularly at 7, 10, and 14 DAA. When compared to existing treatment options, including solo treatments, two-way combinations, the present invention consistently exhibited superior performance.• Solo treatments and two-way combinations resulted in comparatively poor mite control, with lower corrected percent control values throughout the evaluation period.• Three-way combinations outperformed these, achieving the most effective and sustained control of Tomato Mites.

[0120] The compositions of present invention lead to enhanced pest control in the crop. These results demonstrate that the present invention significantly improves Tomato Mite management and provides a more effective solution compared to conventional treatments.In summary, the study confirms that the developed composition offers enhanced andsustained efficacy against Tomato Mites, supporting its potential use as a valuable pest management tool in agricultural practices.

[0121] The results indicate a significant reduction in the population of tomato mites (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) when treated with the inventive compositions of the present invention. Table 3.1 demonstrates that the pest control by inventive compositions is better than individual pesticide or binary combination of the pesticides.

[0122] Table 3.2 Effectiveness of the formulations against Tomato fruit Borer (Helicoverpa armigera)

[0123] A field study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed composition against Tomato fruit Borer. The efficacy was assessed by measuring the corrected percent control of the mite population compared to an untreated control at 3, 7, and 10 days after application (DAA). The developed composition demonstrated the highest efficacy, showing significant pest control particularly at 7, 10, and 14 DAA. When compared to existing treatment options, including solo treatments, two-way combinations, the present invention consistently exhibited superior performance.• Solo treatments and two-way combinations resulted in comparatively poor mite control, with lower corrected percent control values throughout the evaluation period.• Three-way combinations outperformed these, achieving the most effective and sustained control of Tomato Mites.

[0124] The compositions of the present invention lead to enhanced pest control in the crop. These results demonstrate that the present invention significantly improves Tomato Mite management and provides a more effective solution compared to conventional treatments.In summary, the study confirms that the developed composition offers enhanced and sustained efficacy against Tomato Mites, supporting its potential use as a valuable pest management tool in agricultural practices.

[0125] The results indicate a significant reduction in the population of Tomato fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera) when treated with the inventive compositions of the present invention. Table 3.2 demonstrates that the pest control by inventive compositions is better than individual pesticide or binary combination of the pesticides.Synergistic effect of different compositions % against Tomato Mites & Fruit Borer

[0126] The results indicate high value of ratio of observed effect to the expected effect for the compositions of the present invention over comparative examples. Therefore, the inventive composition of the present invention shows synergistic effect.Table 3.3: Synergistic effect of different compositions % against Tomato Mites & FruitBorer

[0127] The present invention reveals that combining chemical compositions with distinct modes of action results in a synergistic effect that significantly enhances pest and disease control. This synergism not only improves efficacy beyond that of individual agents but also allows for reduced chemical dosages, thereby minimizing environmental impact. Additionally, present invention helps delay the onset of pest resistance by targeting multiplemechanisms simultaneously. The broadened spectrum of activity afforded by these mixtures provides more comprehensive crop protection against diverse pests. Ultimately, these improvements contribute to healthier crops, leading to increased yields and superior produce quality, which are critical outcomes in sustainable agricultural practices.2.3. Evaluation of phytotoxicity in Chilli and Tomato crops

[0128] Visual observations were recorded 3, 7 and 10 days after the application (DAA) of the inventive formulations. Different parameters like leaf injury on tip / surface, stunting, necrosis, chlorosis, vein clearing, epinasty, hyponasty and wilting were observed and a rating based on 0-10 scale is given as per below table. A total of 20 plants per plot were observed. Following results show that the compositions of the present invention are non-phytotoxic.Phytotoxicity symptoms scoring and rating for leaf injury on tip / surface:

[0129] The results shown in tables 4.1 to 4.11 demonstrates that the composition as per the invention do not result in any kind of damage to the plants be it leaf injury on tips / surface, stunting, necrosis, chlorosis, vein clearing, epinasty, hyponasty and wilting. Therefore, the compositions of the present invention are not phytotoxic.

[0130] Table 4.1: Phytotoxic effect of the inventive compositions on Chilli Crop after 3 DAA at recommended dose.DAA - Days after application, L-Leaf injury on tips / surface, S-stunting, N-Necrosis, C-Chlorosis, V- Vein clearing, E-Epinasty, H-Hyponasty, W-wilting

[0131] Table 4.2: Phytotoxic effect of the formulation of the inventive compositions on Chilli crops after 7 DAA at recommended doseDAA - Days after application, L-Leaf injury on tips / surface, S-stunting, N-Necrosis, C-Chlorosis, V- Vein clearing, E-Epinasty, H-Hyponasty, W-wilting

[0132] Table 4.3 Phytotoxic effect of the inventive compositions on Chilli crops after 10DAA at recommended doseDAA - Days after application, L-Leaf injury on tips / surface, S-stunting, N-Necrosis, C-Chlorosis, V- Vein clearing, E-Epinasty, H-Hyponasty, W-wilting.

[0133] Table 4.4: Phytotoxic effect of various treatments on Chilli crops after 3 DAA at double doseDAA - Days after application, L-Leaf injury on tips / surface, S-stunting, N-Necrosis, C-Chlorosis, V- Vein clearing, E-Epinasty, H-Hyponasty, W-wilting

[0134] Table 4.5: Phytotoxic effect of inventive compositions on Chilli crop after 7 DAA at double doseDAA - Days after application, L-Leaf injury on tips / surface, S-stunting, N-Necrosis, C-Chlorosis, V- Vein clearing, E-Epinasty, H-Hyponasty, W-wilting

[0135] Table 4.6: Phytotoxic effect of inventive compositions on Chilli crops after 10 DAA at double dose

[0136] Table 4.7: Phytotoxic effect of inventive compositions on Tomato crop after 3 DAA at recommended dose

[0137] Table 4.8: Phytotoxic effect of inventive compositions on Tomato crop after 7 DAA at recommended doseDAA - Days after application, L-Leaf injury on tips / surface, S-stunting, N-Necrosis, C-Chlorosis, V- Vein clearing, E-Epinasty, H-Hyponasty, W-wilting

[0138] Table 4.9: Phytotoxic effect of inventive compositions on Tomato crop after 10DAA at recommended doseDAA - Days after application, L-Leaf injury on tips / surface, S-stunting, N-Necrosis, C-Chlorosis, V- Vein clearing, E-Epinasty, H-Hyponasty, W-wilting.

[0139] Table 4.10: Phytotoxic effect of inventive compositions on Tomato crop after 3 DAA at double doseDAA - Days after application, L-Leaf injury on tips / surface, S-stunting, N-Necrosis, C-Chlorosis, V- Vein clearing, E-Epinasty, H-Hyponasty, W-wilting

[0140] Table 4.11: Phytotoxic effect of inventive compositions on Tomato crop after 7 DAA at double doseDAA - Days after application, L-Leaf injury on tips / surface, S-stunting, N-Necrosis, C-Chlorosis, V- Vein clearing, E-Epinasty, H-Hyponasty, W-wilting

[0141] Table 4.12: Phytotoxic effect of inventive compositions on Tomato crop after 10DAA at double doseDAA - Days after application, L-Leaf injury on tips / surface, S-stunting, N-Necrosis, C-Chlorosis, V- Vein clearing, E-Epinasty, H-Hyponasty, W-wiltingIII. PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND STORAGE STABILITY OBSERVATIONS OF COMPOSITIONS

[0142] Physiochemical properties and storage stability data were recorded for compositions IE1 to IE9 of the present invention and the observations are provided in the tables below.

[0143] Table 5.1. Physiochemical Properties of Formulation IE1 to IE9.

[0144] Table 5.2. Storage Stability of Formulation IE1:

[0145] Table 5.3. Storage Stability of Formulation IE2:

[0146] Table 5.4. Storage Stability of Formulation IE6:

[0147] Table 5.5. Storage Stability of Formulation IE7:Table 5.6. Storage Stability of Formulation IE3:Table 5.7 Storage Stability of Formulation IE4:Table 5.8: Storage Stability of Formulation IE5:Table 5.9 Storage Stability of Formulation IE8:Table 5.10: Storage Stability of Formulation SC:Table 5.11: Storage Stability for Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation IE18:

[0148] The data in above tables show that the storage capacity of the compositions of present invention has been improved. This improvement in the stability is due to the presence of buffer comprising potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium hydroxide and a nutrient additive i.e Zn-EDTA. Conventionally, it was difficult to formulate suspension concentrates such formulation results in decrease in the suspensibility of the active ingredients. A decrease in suspensibility indicates that the active ingredient is not well-distributed in the suspension, which leads to uneven application, and hence can result in poor performance of the product.

[0149] To address these challenges with suspension Concentrates, a buffer comprising potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium hydroxide, and a nutrient additive, Zn-EDTA are incorporated in the composition of the present invention. The inclusion of zinc-EDTA notonly contributes to formulation stability but also helps in crop greening effect and improving the overall crop health. A robust and stable formulation is achieved by carefully balancing the suspensibility of active ingredients and optimizing particle sizes through addition of the buffer and nutrient additive, thereby overcoming flowability and viscosity concerns.

[0150] Another core scientific advancement is the inclusion of a specialized stabilizer which ensures homogeneous particle distribution, enhances suspension stability, reduces agglomeration, and maintains consistent flow properties across the formulation’s shelf life.

[0151] Together, the buffering agent, Zn-EDTA and the stabilizer enable the stable coformulation of three otherwise incompatible insecticides into a physically and chemically effective product, maintaining uniformity and bioavailability over extended storage periods, as confirmed by physicochemical characterization and Accelerated Heat Storage (AHS) stability data. These favourable parameters such as smaller particle sizes and lower viscosity can be observed for the invention compositions. The present invention significantly improves application effectiveness and offers distinct advantages in agricultural practices.

[0152] The compositions of the present invention offer broad-spectrum pest control efficacy against economically significant insect and mite pests such as Polyphagotarsonemus lalus. Scirtothrips dorsalis, Helicoverpa armigera, and Spodoptera litura in chilli and tomato crops. Field trials demonstrate superior pest suppression, enhanced crop greening, and improved productivity over conventional formulations or binary mixtures.

[0153] The present invention not only overcomes long-standing formulation challenges but also delivers agronomic and environmental benefits, supporting sustainable pest management practices. The integration of crop-enhancing micronutrients with multi-mode insecticide action in a stable, synergistic formulation represents a clear scientific and technical advancement in the field of agricultural chemistry.

[0154] Although the disclosure of compositions has been described in connection with the embodiment of the present disclosure illustrated in the accompanying examples, it is not limited thereto. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various substitutions, modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure.

Claims

WE CLAIM:

1. An insecticidal composition comprising:0.01 w / w% to 40 w / w% of chlorfenapyr;0.01 w / w% to 50 w / w% of fipronil; and0.01 w / w% to 40 w / w% of at least one insecticide selected from the group consisting of diafenthiuron, dinotefuran and hexythiazox or a combination thereof.2 The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises:0.01 w / w% to 50 w / w% of chlorfenapyr;0.01 w / w% to 50 w / w% of fipronil; and0.01 w / w% to 40 w / w% of diafenthiuron.3 The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises:0.01 w / w% to 50 w / w% of chlorfenapyr;0.01 w / w% to 50 w / w% of fipronil; and0.01 w / w% to 40 w / w% of dinotefuran.4 The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises:0.01 w / w% to 50 w / w% of chlorfenapyr;0.01 w / w% to 50 w / w% of fipronil; and0.01 w / w% to 40 w / w% of hexythiazox.5 An insecticidal composition comprising:0.01 w / w% to 40 w / w% of chlorfenapyr;0.01 w / w% to 50 w / w% of fipronil;0.01 w / w% to 40 w / w% of at least one insecticide selected from the group consisting of diafenthiuron, dinotefuran, and hexythiazox or a combination thereof;0.01 to 10 w / w % of a buffering agent, the buffering agent comprising a mixture of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (PDHP); and- 0.01-10 w / w% of Zn-EDTA.6 The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein the composition further comprises 0.01-20 w / w% of a stabilizer selected from the group consisting of poly(oxy-l,2-ethanediyl), a-sulfo-co-[2,4,6-tris(l-phenylethyl)phenoxy]-, ammonium salt; amine neutralized polyethanoxy ether derivative phosphate and inert ingredients; 2-Propenoic acid, 2-m ethyl-, polymer with a-methyl-co-hydroxypoly(oxy-l,2-ethanediyl) and methyl 2-methyl- 2-propenoate, graft; sodium lignosulfonate; and ethoxylated polyarylphenol phosphate amine salt. An insecticidal composition comprising:0.01 w / w% to 40 w / w% of chlorfenapyr;0.01 w / w% to 50 w / w% of fipronil;0.01 w / w% to 40 w / w% of tolfenpyrad;0.01 to 10 w / w % of a buffering agent, the buffering agent comprising a mixture of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (PDHP); and- 0.01-10 w / w% of Zn-EDTA. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 7, wherein the composition further comprises 0.01-20 w / w% of a stabilizer selected from the group consisting of poly(oxy-l,2- ethanediyl), a-sulfo-co-[2,4,6-tris(l-phenylethyl)phenoxy]-, ammonium salt; amine neutralized polyethanoxy ether derivative phosphate and inert ingredients; 2-Propenoic acid, 2-m ethyl-, polymer with a-methyl-co-hydroxypoly(oxy-l,2-ethanediyl) and methyl 2-methyl- 2-propenoate, graft; sodium lignosulfonate; and ethoxylated polyarylphenol phosphate amine salt. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claims 1, 5 or 7, wherein the composition further comprises agrochemically acceptable excipients in an amount in the range of 0.1% to 99% of the total weight of the composition. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claims 9, wherein the agrochemically acceptable excipients are selected from the group consisting of dispersing agents, antifreeze agents, wetting agents, antifoaming agents, biocides, thickeners, and carrier or a combination thereof. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 10, whereinthe dispersing agent is selected from a group consisting of acrylic graft copolymer, alcohols, C9-l l-iso-, CIO-rich, ethoxylated, sodium lignosulphonates, poly aryl phenyl ether phosphate, tristyryl phenol ethylated, ethoxylated tristryl phenol sulphate, naphthalene sulfonic acid, sodium salt condensate with formaldehyde, ethoxylated oleyl cetyl alcohol, polyalkelene glycol ether, ethoxylated fatty alcohol; EO-PO block copolymers; and graft copolymers or mixtures thereof; the wetting agent is selected from group consisting of sodium lauryl sulphate; sodium dioctylsulphosuccinate, alkyl phenol ethoxylates, and aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates or combination thereof; the antifreeze agent is selected from a group consisting of polyethylene glycols, mono ethylene glycol, methoxy polyethylene glycols, glycol, propylene glycol, polypropylene glycols, poly butylene glycols, glycerin, ethylene glycol and di ethylene glycol or combination thereof; the antifoaming agent is selected from a group consisting of silicon emulsion based anti-foam agents, siloxane polyalkyleneoxide and trisiloxane ethoxylates or combination thereof; the thickener is selected from a group consisting of clay, silica and water soluble polysaccharides; the carrier is selected from group consisting of water, organic solvent, inorganic solvent or combination thereof; and the biocide is selected from group consisting of sodium benzoate, 1,2- benzisothiazoline- 3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin- 3 -one, potassium sorbate, parahydroxybenzoates or combination thereof.

12. The insecticide composition as claimed in claims 1, 5 or 7, wherein the composition is in the form of Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsifiable granule (EG), Emulsion water- in- oil (EO), Emulsifiable powder (EP), Emulsion for seed treatment (ES), Emulsion oil-in- water (EW), Flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Granules (GR), Micro-emulsion (ME), Oil dispersion (OD), Oil miscible flowable concentrate (OF), Oil miscible liquid (OL), Oil dispersible powder (OP), Suspension concentrate (SC), Suspension concentrate for direct application (SD), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Water soluble granule (SG), Soluble concentrate (SL), Spreading oil (SO), Water soluble powder (SP), Water dispersible granules (WG), Wettable powder (WP), Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), amixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC) or a mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE), a mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW).

13. A process for preparation of the composition as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of: homogenizing a mixture comprising chlorfenapyr, fipronil and at least one insecticide selected from group consisting of diafenthiuron, dinotefuran and hexythiazox; and milling the homogenized mixture to a particle size of below ten microns to obtain the composition.

14. The process as claimed in claim 13, wherein the process comprises: mixing an anti-foaming agent, dispersing agent and an anti-freezing agent to form a first mixture; adding chlorfenapyr, fipronil and at least one insecticide selected from group consisting of diafenthiuron, dinotefuran and hexythiazox to the first mixture followed by homogenization to obtain a second mixture; milling the second mixture to a particle size of below ten microns; and adding a thickening agent, a biocide, and a carrier to the milled mixture followed by homogenization to obtain the composition.

15. A process for preparation of the composition as claimed in claim 5, comprising the steps of: homogenizing a mixture comprising a buffering agent, Zn-EDTA, chlorfenapyr, fipronil and at least one insecticide selected from group consisting of diafenthiuron, dinotefuran and hexythiazox; and milling the homogenized mixture to a particle size of below ten microns to obtain the composition.

16. The process as claimed in claim 15, wherein the process comprises: obtaining a buffering agent comprising a mixture of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (PDHP); adding Zn-EDTA to the buffering agent to obtain a first mixture, mixing an anti-foaming agent, dispersing agent and an anti-freezing agent in the first mixture to form a second mixture;adding chlorfenapyr, fipronil and at least one insecticide selected from group consisting of diafenthiuron, dinotefuran and hexythiazox to the second mixture followed by homogenization to obtain a third mixture; milling the third mixture to a particle size of below ten microns; and adding a thickening agent, a biocide, and a carrier to the milled mixture followed by homogenization to obtain the composition.

17. The process as claimed in claim 16, wherein the process comprises mixing a stabilizer with the first mixture and wherein the stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of poly(oxy- 1,2-ethanediyl), a-sulfo-co-[2,4,6-tris(l-phenylethyl)phenoxy]-, ammonium salt; amine neutralized polyethanoxy ether derivative phosphate and inert ingredients; 2-Propenoic acid, 2-m ethyl-, polymer with a-methyl-co-hydroxypoly(oxy-l,2-ethanediyl) and methyl 2-methyl- 2-propenoate, graft; sodium lignosulfonate; and ethoxylated polyarylphenol phosphate amine salt.

18. A process for preparation of the composition as claimed in claim 7, comprising the steps of: homogenizing a mixture comprising a buffering agent, Zn-EDTA, chlorfenapyr, fipronil and tolfenpyrad; and milling the homogenized mixture to a particle size of below ten microns to obtain the composition.

19. The process as claimed in claim 18, wherein the process comprises: obtaining a buffering agent comprising a mixture of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (PDHP); adding Zn-EDTA to the buffering agent to obtain a first mixture, mixing an anti-foaming agent, dispersing agent and an anti-freezing agent in the first mixture to form a second mixture; adding chlorfenapyr, fipronil and tolfenpyrad to the second mixture followed by homogenization to obtain a third mixture; milling the third mixture to a particle size of below ten microns; and adding a thickening agent, a biocide, and a carrier to the milled mixture followed by homogenization to obtain the composition.

20. The process as claimed in claim 19, wherein the process comprises mixing a stabilizer with the first mixture and wherein the stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of poly(oxy- 1,2-ethanediyl), a-sulfo-co-[2,4,6-tris(l-phenylethyl)phenoxy]-, ammonium salt; amine neutralized polyethanoxy ether derivative phosphate and inert ingredients; 2-Propenoic acid, 2-m ethyl-, polymer with a-methyl-co-hydroxypoly(oxy-l,2-ethanediyl) and methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate, graft; sodium lignosulfonate; and ethoxylated polyarylphenol phosphate amine salt.

21. The process as claimed in claims 13, 15 or 18, wherein the dispersing agent is selected from a group consisting of acrylic graft copolymer, alcohols, C9-l l-iso-, CIO-rich, ethoxylated, sodium lignosulphonates, poly aryl phenyl ether phosphate, tristyryl phenol ethylated, ethoxylated tristryl phenol sulphate, naphthalene sulfonic acid, sodium salt condensate with formaldehyde, ethoxylated oleyl cetyl alcohol, polyalkelene glycol ether, ethoxylated fatty alcohol; EO-PO block copolymers; and graft copolymers or mixtures thereof, the antifreeze agent is selected from a group consisting of polyethylene glycols, mono ethylene glycol, methoxy polyethylene glycols, glycol, propylene glycol, polypropylene glycols, poly butylene glycols, glycerin, ethylene glycol and di ethylene glycol or combination thereof; the antifoaming agent is selected from a group consisting of silicon emulsion based anti-foam agents, siloxane polyalkyleneoxide and trisiloxane ethoxylates or combination thereof; the thickener is selected from a group consisting of clay, silica and water soluble polysaccharides; the carrier is selected from group consisting of water, organic solvent, inorganic solvent or combination thereof; and the biocide is selected from group consisting of sodium benzoate, 1,2- benzisothiazoline- 3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3 -one, potassium sorbate, parahydroxybenzoates or combination thereof.

22. A method of controlling pests comprising applying the composition as claimed in claims 1, 5 or 7 to plants.

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