Exercise machine, related systems, and methods related thereto

Abstract

An exercise machine (100) is used to increase the effectiveness of gluteus maximi formation. The exercise machine (100) has a foundation (4), an engagement (2) coupled to the foundation (4), a platform (1) coupled to the foundation (4) and capable of movement relative to the engagement (2), and a resistor (5) coupled to the platform (1). The platform (1) is configured to move between a first position, where a user (9) is in the greatest contraction, and a second position, where a user (9) is in their lowest point. The resistor (5) is configured to provide resistance when moving from the second position to the first position, and the exercise machine (100) is configured to substantially isolate one or more gluteus maximi of a user (9) when moving from the second position to the first position. In some embodiments, a restrainer (6) is used to increase effectiveness of the movement.

Description

EXERCISE MACHINE, RELATED SYSTEMS, AND METHODS RELATED THERETOFIELD

[0001] The subject matter herein generally relates to a device that can be used to strengthen the gluteal muscle group, specifically the gluteus maximus.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0002] Implementations of the present technology will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the attached figures, wherein:

[0003] FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the exercise machine.

[0004] FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of an exercise machine and restrainer as seen from the front.

[0005] FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of an exercise machine and restrainer as seen from the rear.

[0006] FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of an exercise machine and restrainer as seen from the side.

[0007] FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment of an exercise machine and restrainer as seen from the side in a retracted position.

[0008] FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of an exercise machine and restrainer as seen from the top.

[0009] FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of an exercise machine and restrainer, as seen from the bottom.

[0010] FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of an exercise machine and restrainer.

[0011] FIG. 9 illustrates an embodiment of the restrainer.

[0012] FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment of the restrainer.

[0013] FIG. 11 illustrates an embodiment of an exercise machine and restrainer employing weight.

[0014] FIG. 12 illustrates an embodiment of the safety lever.

[0015] FIGS. 13-16 illustrate an embodiment of the exercise machine in use.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] It will be appreciated that for simplicity and clarity of illustration, where appropriate, reference numerals have been repeated among the different figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements. In addition, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments described herein. However, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, methods, procedures and components have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the related relevant feature being described. The drawings are not necessarily to scale and the proportions of certain parts may be exaggerated to better illustrate details and features. The description is not to be considered as limiting the scope of the embodiments described herein. It should be noted that references to "some,” "an," or "one" embodiment in this disclosure are not necessarily to the same embodiment, and such references mean at least one.

[0017] Several definitions that apply throughout this disclosure will now be presented.

[0018] The term "coupled" is defined as connected, whether integral with, directly attached, or indirectly attached through intervening components, and is not necessarily limited to physical connections. The connection can be such that the objects are permanently connected or releasably connected. The term "rotatably coupled" is defined as being coupled but with the ability to rotate about the connection. The term "electrically coupled" is defined as being in structural electrical contact, whether directly or indirectly through intervening components, to allow the flow of electrons between the respective elements. The term "outside" refers to a region that is beyond the outermost confines of a physical object. The term "inside" indicates that at least a portion of a region is partially contained within a boundary formed by the object. The term "substantially" is defined to be essentially conforming to the particular dimension, shape or other word that substantially modifies, such that the component need not be exact. For example, substantially cylindrical means that the object resembles a cylinder, but can have one ormore deviations from a true cylinder. The term "about" in relation to quantitative measurements (unless otherwise stated) includes, but is not limited to, the disclosed measure and measurements about the disclosed measure in terms of its disclosed degree. For example, "about 90" would at least include 80-100, whereas "about 90.0" would at least include 89.0-91.0. The term "comprising" means "including, but not necessarily limited to"; it specifically indicates open- ended inclusion or membership in a so-described combination, group, series and the like.

[0019] The present disclosure is described in relation to an exercise machine, but it is not limited thereto.

[0020] FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the exercise machine 100. In some embodiments, the exercise machine 100 comprises a platform 1, an engagement 2, and a foundation 4. In some embodiments, the exercise machine 100 comprises a safety lever 3. In some embodiments, the exercise machine 100 comprises a resistor 5 that supplies resistance to the actuation of the platform 1 in one or both directions.

[0021] In some embodiments, the platform 1 is coupled to the foundation 4 and configured to rotate about a fulcrum. In some embodiments, the foundation 4 comprises a platform crossmember 411, and the platform cross-member 411 acts as a fulcrum, and the platform 1 rotates about the platform cross-member 411 . In some embodiments, the platform 1 comprises a crossmember attachment 15. In some embodiments, the platform cross-member 411 comprises a rod, and the cross-member attachment 15 comprises a bearing. In some embodiments, the platform cross-member 411 is secured to the cross-member attachment 15, and the platform cross-member 411 will rotate with the platform 1. In some embodiments, the platform cross-member 411 applies the resistance to the rotation of the platform 1. In some embodiments, the platform 1 comprises an extension 17.

[0022] In some embodiments, the engagement 2 comprises a convex element 21. In some embodiments, the convex element 21 is an arched element, for example a cylindrical element. In some embodiments, the convex element 21 comprises a pad. It is to be understood that in some embodiments, the engagement 2 defines a cradle, an ach, a full circle, a substantially concave surface, and / or a substantially convex surface. In some embodiments, any shape that allows a user 9 to place a body part thereon and move the contact point 91 between the user 9 and theengagement 2 can be used. In some embodiments, the engagement 2 is capable of at least some rotation.

[0023] In some embodiments, the safety lever 3 is coupled to the base 40 and configured to, when in the safe position, prevent rotation of the platform 1 in one or both directions (e.g,. toward the second position and / or toward the first position). The level of the platform 1 when the safety lever 3 is in the safe position, the platform 1 is in the secured position. In some embodiments, the secured position and the first position are substantially the same, if not the same. In some embodiments, the safety lever 3 is coupled to the foundation 4 by a joint. In some embodiments, the safety level comprises one or more safety lever projections 32. In some embodiments, the safety lever projection 32 abuts the platform 1 when in the safe position. In some embodiments, the safety lever projections 32 abut the extension 17. In some embodiments, the safety lever projections 32 comprise a flange (not shown) that will extend from the safety lever projection 32 such that the extension 17 is partially surrounded by the safety lever 3, the safety lever projection 32, and the flange. In some embodiments, the safety lever 3 comprises one or more arms 31 that are coupled to the safety lever projection 32. In some embodiments, one or more handles 33 are coupled to each arm 31.

[0024] In some embodiments, the foundation 4 comprises a base 40. In some embodiments, the foundation 4 comprises at least two platform extension 41 that are coupled to the base 40. The platform cross-member 411 is coupled to the platform extensions 41. In some embodiments, the platform cross-member 411 is coupled to the platform extensions 41 via platform extension 41 attachment. In some embodiments, the platform extension attachments 410 allow for rotation of the platform cross-member 411, and in other embodiments, the platform extension attachments 410 allow for selective rotation or no rotation.

[0025] In some embodiments, the foundation 4 comprises two or more engagement extensions 42 that are coupled to the base 40. In some embodiments, the engagement extensions 42 are coupled to the engagement cross-member 421. In some embodiments, the engagement cross-member 421 is coupled to the engagement extension attachment 420. In some embodiments, the engagement extension attachment 420 fixes the engagement cross-member421; in other embodiments, the engagement extension attachment 420 allows the engagement cross-member 421 to rotate

[0026] The resistor 5 is configured to resist movement of the platform 1 as it rotates between a first position and a second position. In the first position, the platform 1 is about level or past level, and in the second position, the platform 1 is below level and, in some embodiments, as far as the user 9 allows the platform 1 to rotate down. In some embodiments, the resistor 5 will apply force as the platform 1 moves between the second position and the first position, in both directions. In some embodiments, the resistor 5 comprises an electronic control system. In some embodiments, the electronic control system can electronically control the resistance such that it is constant or varying throughout the actuation of the platform 1. In some embodiments, the electronic control system can provide resistance in the eccentric phase so as to help those who may require such assistance (e.g., rehab, achieving a maximum contraction). In some embodiments, the electronic control system comprises a resistor fluid system. The resistor fluid system comprises one or more cylinders 51. Each cylinder 51 is coupled to a cylinder arm 52 and a cylinder attachment 53. In some embodiments, the cylinder attachment 53 is connected to the platform 1 such that the cylinder arm 52 is pushed during the contraction, and in other embodiments, the cylinder attachment 53 is connected to the platform 1 such that the cylinder arm 52 is pulled during the contraction. In some embodiments, the resistor fluid system has connections on either or both sides of platform cross-member 411. In some embodiments, the cylinder 51 is rotatably coupled to the foundation 4, and / or the cylinder arm 52 is rotatably coupled to the platform 1 via the cylinder attachment 53. In some embodiments, the resistor fluid system is a pneumatic system and / or a hydraulic system.

[0027] FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of the exercise machine 100 as seen from the front. In some embodiments, embodiments the exercise machine 100 comprises a restrainer 6. The restrainer 6 is used to help secure the user 9 to the exercise machine 100. In some embodiments, the restrainer 6 comprises an adjustable seat belt 66.

[0028] FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the exercise machine 100 as seen from the rear. In some embodiments, the resistor 5 comprises a set of resistor fluid systems. In some embodiments, the two resistor fluid systems work in conjunction or separately. In someembodiments, some or all of the resistor fluid system(s) are controlled by a control panel (not shown). The control panel will allow the user 9 to control the action of the controlled resistor fluid system(s).

[0029] FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the exercise machine 100 as seen from the side in at least a partially first position. In some embodiments, the first position is where the platform 1 is parallel to the floor (e.g., 0 degrees), and in some embodiments, the first position is past parallel to the floor (e.g., greater than 0 degrees). It is understood that when the platform 1 moves past parallel, the weight of the user 9 will assist in the contraction, and in some embodiments, a resistor fluid system will increase the resistance to at least partially counteract the weight of the user 9. As can be seen, the safety lever 3 is in a safe position such that the platform 1 engages safety lever projection 32. In some embodiments, the safety lever 3 will prevent rotation in the retracted direction and / or the extended direction.

[0030] FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment of the exercise machine 100 as seen from the side in at least a partially second position. On some embodiments, once the safety lever 3 is actuated into a disengaged position, the platform 1 is free to rotate. In some embodiments, the rotation of the platform 1 in the second position is limited to a predetermined angle. In some embodiments, the rotation of the platform 1 in the second position is not limited. In some embodiments, the amount of rotation allowable between the first position and the second position can be altered by the user 9.

[0031] FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of the exercise machine 100 as seen from the top. As can be seen, in some embodiments, the safety lever projections 32 are located under the extension 17 in a safe position, and the force of gravity will keep the platform 1 from moving toward a second position..

[0032] FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of the exercise machine 100 as seen from the bottom. In some embodiments, the platform 1 comprises two cross-member attachments 15 that are coupled to the platform cross-member 411. Also shown is that in some embodiments, an embodiment of a restrainer 6 comprises a tensioning system 60. In some embodiments, the extension 17 extends fully across the platform 1 and provides some support for the platform 1. In some embodiments, the extensions 17 are coupled to the platform 1 and extend out from there.

[0033] FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of the exercise machine 100. In some embodiments, the platform 1 comprises a platform layer 11. In some embodiments, the platform layer 11 comprises a pad. In some embodiments the platform layer 11 is coupled to a platform frame 12.

[0034] FIG. 9 illustrates an embodiment of the restrainer 6 in a slack position. In some embodiments, the restrainer 6 is coupled to the platform 1. In some embodiments, the restrainer 6 comprises a tensioning system 60. In some embodiments, the tensioning system 60 comprises a tensioner 61 coupled to a belt 66 such that when the tensioner 61 is actuated to tension, it removes slack in the belt 66. It is to be understood that removing slack in the belt 66 includes the possibility of removing all slack but at least some slack in the belt 66. In some embodiments, the tensioner 61 will be actuated by the user 9 to a desired tension. In some embodiments, the tensioner 61 will apply force until a predetermined force is obtained. In some embodiments, the tensioner 61 will apply force until a predetermined force is obtained, and the predetermined force's determination is at least partially influenced by the setting of the resistor 5. In some embodiments, the tensioning system 60 comprises a tensioner 61 coupled to a cable 62, and the cable 62 is coupled to the belt 66. In some embodiments, the cable 62 is coupled to the belt 66 via a pivoting element 64, and the cable 62 is configured to remove slack in the belt 66 when actuated by the cable 62. In some embodiments, the tensioning system 60 comprises a biasing element 63, for example a spring, which is configured to bias the pivoting element 64 to increase the slack in the belt 66. In some embodiments, the cable 62 runs through a tensioning system pully 67. In some embodiments, the cable 62 is attached directly to the belt 66 and is run through one or more tensioning system pullies 67 (not shown).

[0035] In some embodiments, one or more cables 62 are coupled to the tensioner 61, and each cable 62 is coupled to a pivoting element 64. In some embodiments, there are two pivoting elements 64, and each pivoting element 64 is coupled to an end of the belt 66. The belt 66 may comprise more than one belt parts, which belt parts may be releasably connected by a belt buckle 661 as shown in FIG. 8. In such cases the ends of the belt 66 are understood as the two ends of the belt parts remote from the ends connected by the belt buckle 661. In some embodiments each pivoting element 64 is mounted on pivot axis 641, and one end of the belt 66 is coupled to a beltattachment 642 on one side of the pivoting element 64 with respect to the pivot axis 641 and the cable 62 is coupled to an opposite side of the same pivoting element 64 with respect to the pivot axis 641 to a cable attachment 643. The embodiment shown in FIG. 9 comprises a single biasing element 63, in this case a tensioned spring, which is coupled to both pivoting elements 64 between the pivot axes 641 and the belt attachments 642 at biasing element attachment 644. In this way the biasing element 63 exerts torque on each pivoting element 64, which urges rotation of the pivoting element 64 in a direction which increases slack in the belt 66, while the cable 62 exerts torque on each pivoting element 64, which causes rotation of the pivoting element 64 in an opposite direction which reduces slack in the belt 66. In some embodiments (not shown) there may be two separate biasing elements 63 which are coupled to the pivoting elements 64 so as to provide a torque counter acting the torque of the cable 62. For example, two biasing elements 63 may be provided in the form of springs, each spring coupled to the same side of one of the pivoting elements 64 as the cable 62 with respect to the pivot axis 641 but extending outwardly from the platform 1 between an attachment (not shown) provided on the extension 17 and the respective pivoting element 64. In some embodiments a single pivoting element 64 is provided to which one end of the belt 66, the cable 62 and the biasing element 63 are coupled, while the other end of the belt 66 is, for example, attached to a fixed location on the platform 1.

[0036] In some embodiments, the tensioner 61 comprises a tensioning arm 65 that is configured to move back and forth. In some embodiments, the tensioning arm 65 is coupled to a cable attachment 68. In some embodiments, the cable attachment 68 comprises a pully. In some embodiments (not shown) separate cables are provided for connecting the tensioner 61 to the respective pivoting elements 64. In some embodiments, the tensioner 61 comprises a tensioning system fluid system 610. In some embodiments, the tensioning system fluid system 610 comprises a motor 611 and a tensioning cylinder 612. It is also understood that in embodiments with the tensioning system fluid system 610 and a resistor 5 that comprises a resistor fluid system, the fluid systems can be integrated and, in some embodiments, controlled by the same panel. In some embodiments, the tensioning system fluid system 610 comprises a hydraulic and / or pneumatic system.

[0037] FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment of the tensioning system 60 in the tightening position. In some embodiments, when the tensioning arm 65 retracts the one or more cables 62, the belt 66 is tightened. In some embodiments, each cable 62 when pulled actuates a pivoting element(s) 64 to remove slack from the belt 66. In some embodiments, the pivoting element(s) 64 are acting against the biasing element 63 when being actuated by the cable 62. In some embodiments, the biasing element 63 is attached to a pivoting element 64 at each end. In some embodiments, two or more biasing elements 63 are attached to a pivoting element 64 at one end and anchored at the other. In some embodiments, one or more of the biasing elements 63 are a spring.

[0038] FIG. 11 illustrates an embodiment of the exercise machine 100 wherein the resistor 5 comprises free weights 510. In some embodiments, the extension 17 comprises a weight bar 171 that is configured to accept weights 510 thereon. While not shown, in some embodiments, the resistor 5 comprises both a resistor fluid system and weight bars 171.

[0039] FIG. 12 illustrates an embodiment of the safety lever 3 comprising multiple safety lever projections 32. Multiple safety lever projections 32 allow for the user 9 to engage the extension 17 at different levels of rotation of the platform 1. In some embodiments, the arms 31 are curved due to the location of the extension 17 during rotation of the platform 1.

[0040] In some embodiments, an apparatus comprising an exercise machine 100. In some embodiments, the exercise machine 100 comprises a foundation 4, an engagement 2 coupled to the foundation 4, a platform 1 coupled to the foundation 4 and capable of movement relative to the engagement 2; and a resistor 5 coupled to the platform 1. In some embodiments, the platform 1 is configured to move between a first position and a second position; in the first position a user 9 is in full contraction and in the second position a user 9 is in their lowest point. In some embodiments, the resistor 5 is configured to provide resistance when moving from the second position to the first position. In some embodiments, the exercise machine 100 is configured to substantially isolate one or more gluteus maximi of a user 9 when moving from the first position to the second position.

[0041] In some embodiments, the resistor 5 comprises a fluid system. In some embodiments, the fluid system comprises hydraulics, pneumatics, or both. In some embodiments, the resistor 5 comprises free weight coupled to the platform 1.

[0042] In some embodiments, the exercise machine 100 further comprises a safety lever 3 coupled to the foundation 4, the safety lever 3 is configured to move between a safe position and a disengaged position, when the safety lever 3 is in the safe position, the platform 1 is prevented from moving in at least one direction. In some embodiments, when the safety lever 3 is in the safe position, the platform 1 is in a secured position. In some embodiments, the secured position is the same as the first position.

[0043] In some embodiments, the exercise machine 100 further comprises a safety lever 3 rotatably coupled to the foundation 4, the safety lever 3 comprises one or more safety lever projections 32 that abut the platform 1 when the safety lever 3 in a safety position. In some embodiments, the exercise machine 100 further comprises a safety lever 3 coupled to the foundation 4, the safety lever 3 comprises one or more safety lever projections 32 located at different elevations and define two or more safety positions. In some embodiments, the safety lever 3 comprises one or more arms 31. In some embodiments, each arm 31 comprises one or more of the one or more safety lever projections 32.

[0044] In some embodiments, the engagement 2 comprises a convex element 21. In some embodiments, the convex element 21 isa cylindrical element. In some embodiments, the platform 1 comprises a platform layer 11, and the platform layer 11 is padded.

[0045] In some embodiments, the platform 1 comprises an extension 17. In some embodiments, the extension 17 comprises a weight bar 171, and the weight bar 171 is configured to accept a weight.

[0046] In some embodiments, the foundation 4 comprises a base 40. In some embodiments, the foundation 4 comprises a platform extension 41, and the platform 1 is rotatably coupled to the platform extension 41. In some embodiments, foundation 4 comprises two platform extensions 41 and a platform cross-member 411 coupled to each platform extension 41, and the platform 1 is rotatably coupled to the platform cross-member 411. In someembodiments, the foundation 4 comprises two platform extensions 41 and a cross-member coupled to each platform extension 41, the platform 1 is coupled to the cross-member, and the resistor 5 resists movement of the cross-member. In some embodiments, the foundation 4 comprises an engagement extension 42 coupled to the engagement 2. In some embodiments, the foundation 4 comprises two engagement extensions 42 and an engagement cross-member 421 coupled to each engagement extension 42, and the engagement cross-member 421 is coupled to the engagement 2. In some embodiments, the foundation 4 comprises two engagement extensions 42 and an engagement cross-member 421 coupled to each engagement extension 42, and the engagement cross-member 421 is rotatably coupled to the engagement 2.

[0047] In some embodiments, the resistor 5 is electronically coupled to an electronic control system. In some embodiments, the resistor 5 is configured to provide varying resistance when moving from the first position to the second position, the second position to the first position, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the resistor 5 is configured to increase resistance as the platform 1 moves past level to counteract a weight of the user 9. In some embodiments, the resistor 5 comprises a cylinder 51, a weight, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the resistor 5 is rotatably coupled to the foundation 4. In some embodiments, the resistor 5 is rotatably coupled to both the foundation 4 and the platform 1.

[0048] Some embodiments comprise a restrainer 6, wherein the restrainer 6 is coupled to the exercise machine 100. In some embodiments, the restrainer 6 comprises a belt 66. In some embodiments, the restrainer 6 comprises a tensioning system 60, the tensioning system 60 comprises a belt 66, and a tensioner 61 coupled to the belt 66, wherein the tensioner 61 is configured to remove some slack from the belt 66 when activated.

[0049] In some embodiments, the tensioning system 60 further comprises a cable 62 and biasing element 63 that are coupled to a pivoting element 64, the tensioner 61 is coupled to the cable 62, and the pivoting element 64 is coupled to the belt 66; when the tensioner 61 is actuated, the cable 62 counter acts a biasing force of the biasing element 63 to rotate the pivoting element 64. In some embodiments, wherein the tensioning system 60 further comprises a cable attachment 68 that is coupled to the tensioner 61 and the cable 62. In some embodiments, the tensioner 61 tightens to a predetermined force, predetermined amount of movement, or acombination thereof. In some embodiments, the tensioning system 60 further comprises a motor 611 configured to cause actuation of the tensioner 61. In some embodiments, the tensioning system 60 further comprises a cable 62 and biasing element 63 that are coupled to two pivoting elements 64, the tensioner 61 is coupled to the cable 62, and each pivoting element 64 is coupled to a belt end; when the tensioner 61 is actuated, the cable 62 counter acts a biasing force of the biasing element 63 to rotate each pivoting element 64. In some embodiments, the tensioning system 60 further comprises a cable attachment 68 that is coupled to the tensioner 61 and the cable 62. In some embodiments, the tensioning system 60 further comprises two tensioning system pullies 67, and the two tensioning system pullies 67 are configured to translate a tensioner 61 movement direction into a pivoting element 64 direction. In some embodiments, the tensioner 61 movement direction is about 90 degrees relative to the pivoting element 64 direction. In some embodiments, the tensioning system 60 is coupled to the platform 1. In some embodiments, the tensioning system 60 is configured to move with the platform 1.

[0050] Some embodiments comprise a control unit, wherein the control unit is configured to at least partially control the tensioning system 60 and the resistor 5. In some embodiments, the control unit is electrically coupled to the tensioning system 60 and the resistor 5.

[0051] In some embodiments, the biasing element 63 biases the belt 66 to have slack.

[0052] FIGs. 13-16 show an embodiment of the exercise machine 100 in use by a user 9. In some embodiments, the user 9 will place themselves into position on the platform 1 and the engagement 2. In some embodiments, user 9 will use restrainer 6 to secure their body better against the exercise machine 100. Once ready to use the exercise machine 100, the user 9 will move the safety lever 3 out of the safe position such that force is now required by the user 9 to maintain their position. The user 9 will then move to a second position. Once in the second position, the user 9 will then exert force to move to the first position. It is to be understood that while the user 9 moves between the second position (retracted position) and the first position (extended position), the effective contact point 91 of the user 9 on the engagement 2 may move. It is to be understood that contact point 91 does not need to be a single point. In some embodiments, the engagement 2 will flex, the user 9 will engage in multiple spots, and / or the nature of the engagement 2 will change during the movement between the retracted and extendedposition. The contact point 91 is to describe the user's 9 effective contact with the engagement 2. In some embodiments, as the extension of the femoral hip joint occurs, the gluteus maximus is stretched in an eccentric motion to a more lengthened position, and this is the prime mover for the movement. This will isolate the gluteus maximus while excluding as much assistance from other muscle or muscle groups as possible. Then upon concentric contraction of the gluteus maximus, the user 9 lifts and rotates the platform 1 to its first position..

[0053] Once the user 9 has finished using the exercise machine 100, the user 9 will actuate the safety lever 3 into the safe position, secure the platform 1, and then disengage the restrainer 6

[0054] In some embodiments of a method, the method comprises one or more of the following:A. Providing an exercise machine 100. In some embodiments, the exercise machine 100 comprises a foundation 4; an engagement 2 coupled to the foundation 4; a platform 1 coupled to the foundation 4 and capable of movement relative to the engagement 2; and a resistor 5 coupled to the platform 1.B. Laying on the platform 1. In some embodiments, the lying on the platform 1 comprises having the safety lever 3 in a safety position.C. Placing one or both legs on the engagement 2. In some embodiments, the placing one or both legs on the engagement 2 comprises placing a popliteal fossa area of the one or both legs on the engagement 2, a posterior thigh of the one or both legs on the engagement 2, or a combination thereof.D. Relaxing one or both gluteus maximi to move the platform 1 to a second position;E. Contracting the one or both gluteus maximi to move the platform 1 to a first position against a resistance provided by the resistor 5. In some embodiments, the contracting the one or both gluteus maximus, consists of causing movement of the platform 1 with substantially just one or both gluteus maximi. In some embodiments, contracting one or both gluteus maximi consists of causing movement of the platform 1 by only using one or both gluteus maximi.G. Setting the resistance of the resistor 5. In some embodiments, the setting the resistance comprises adding or removing weight, changing force of a fluid system, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the setting the resistance of the resistor 5 comprises inputting on a control panel. In some embodiments, the setting the resistance of the resistor 5 and the activating the tensioning system 60 comprises inputting on a control panel. In some embodiments, the setting the resistance of the resistor 5 and the activating the tensioning system 60 comprises inputting on a control panel.H. Securing the restrainer 6 about a pelvic area. In some embodiments, securing the restrainer 6 comprises engaging a belt buckle 661 and pulling a belt strap 662. In some embodiments, the securing the restrainer 6 further comprises activating a tensioning system 60. In some embodiments, the activating the tensioning system 60 is performed after the engaging a belt buckle 661. In some embodiments, the activating the tensioning system 60 comprises imputing on a control panel.I. Deactivating the tensioning system 60.J. Unbuckling a belt buckle 661

[0055] In some embodiments, the exercise machine 100 further comprises a restrainer 6 coupled to the exercise machine 100. In some embodiments, the exercise machine 100 further comprises a safety lever 3 coupled to the foundation 4; and further comprises moving the safety lever 3 from a safe position to a disengaged position, from the disengaged position to the safe position, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, when in the safe position, the platform 1 is about 0 degrees as compared to horizontal. In some embodiments, when in the safe position, the platform 1 is less than 0 degrees as compared to horizontal. In some embodiments, the exercise machine 100 further comprises a safety lever 3 that is coupled to the foundation 4; and further comprising moving the safety lever 3 from one or more safe positions to a disengaged position, from the disengaged position to one of the one or more safe positions, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the tensioning system 60 comprises a tensioner 61 coupled to a cable 62; the cable 62 is coupled to a pivoting element 64; the pivoting element 64 is coupled to a belt 66; and when the cable 62 is pulled, the pivoting element 64 rotates and tightens the belt 66.

[0056] In some embodiments, the contracting step and relaxing steps are preformed multiple times.

[0057] One of the advantages of some of the embodiments is that they allow for maximal contractile force for the gluteus maximus, providing for increased and targeted hypertrophy adaptation thereof. An issue with many other machines is that the contact and application of force is through the foot, and thus, the quadricep group and knee extensors become additional prime movers. The activation of these additional muscles results in the gluteal muscles undergoing far less motor 611 unit contract! on / isolation. Whereas, with the current embodiments. The quadriceps and knee extensors are not able to engage, thus substantially isolating the desired muscles during the full range of motion of the exercise.

[0058] Another advantage of some of the embodiments is the ability to properly secure the user 9 to the exercise machine 100 by using the tensioning system 60. It is understood that any unwanted slack will limit the full range of motion and / or change the effect of the exercise. It is to be understood that the tensioning system 60 is not limited to use on the exercise machine 100 and can be used in any number of exercise machines or other areas where slack is to be eliminated on a restrainer 6.

[0059] The embodiments shown and described above are only examples. Even though numerous characteristics and advantages of the present technology have been set forth in the foregoing description, together with details of the structure and function of the present disclosure, the disclosure is illustrative only, and changes may be made in the detail, including in matters of shape, size and arrangement of the parts within the principles of the present disclosure up to, and including, the full extent established by the broad general meaning of the terms used in the claims.

[0060] It should also be noted that elements of embodiments may be described in reference to the description of a particular embodiment; however, it is disclosed that elements of disclosed embodiments can be switched with corresponding elements of embodiments with the same name and / or number of other disclosed embodiments.

[0061] Depending on the embodiment, certain steps of methods described may be removed, others may be added, and the sequence of steps may be altered. It is also to beunderstood that the description and the claims drawn to a method may include some indication in reference to certain steps. However, the indication used is only to be viewed for identification purposes and not as a suggestion as to an order for the steps.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. An apparatus, the apparatus comprising: an exercise machine for exercising a gluteus maximus of a user comprising: a foundation; an engagement coupled to the foundation; a platform coupled to the foundation and capable of movement relative to the engagement; and a resistor coupled to the platform; wherein the platform is configured to move between a first position and a second position; in the first position the user’s gluteus maximus is in greatest contraction and in the second position the user’s gluteus maximus is extended; the resistor is configured to provide resistance when moving from the second position to the first position; and the exercise machine is configured to substantially isolate one or more gluteus maximi of a user when moving from the second position to the first position.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the resistor comprises a fluid system.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the fluid system comprises hydraulics, pneumatics, or both.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the resistor comprises free weight coupled to the platform.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the exercise machine further comprises a safety lever rotatably coupled to the foundation, the safety lever is configured to move between a safe position and a disengaged position, when the safety lever is in the safe position, the platform is prevented from moving in at least one direction.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein when the safety lever is in the safe position, the platform is in a secured position.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the secured position is the same as the first position.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the exercise machine further comprises a safety lever rotatably coupled to the foundation, the safety lever comprises one or more safety lever projections that abut the platform when the safety lever is in a safety position.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the exercise machine further comprises a safety lever rotatably coupled to the foundation, the safety lever comprises one or more safety lever projections located at different elevations and define two or more safety positions.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the safety lever comprises one or more arms.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein each arm comprises one or more of the one or more safety lever projections.

12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the engagement comprises a convex element.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the platform comprises a platform layer, and the platform layer is padded.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the platform comprises an extension.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the extension comprises a weight bar, and the weight bar is configured to accept a weight.

16. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the foundation comprises a base.

17. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the foundation comprises a platform extension, and the platform is rotatably coupled to the platform extension.

18. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the foundation comprises two platform extensions and a cross-member coupled to each platform extension, and the platform is rotatably coupled to the cross-member.

19. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the foundation comprises two platform extensions and a cross-member coupled to each platform extension, the platform is rotatably coupled to the crossmember, and the resistor resists rotational movement of the cross-member.

20. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the foundation comprises an engagement extension coupled to the engagement.

21. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the foundation comprises two engagement extensions and an engagement cross-member coupled to each engagement extension, and the engagement crossmember is coupled to the engagement.

22. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the foundation comprises two engagement extensions and an engagement cross-member coupled to each engagement extension, and the engagement crossmember is rotatably coupled to the engagement.

23. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the resistor is electronically coupled to an electronic control system.

24. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the resistor is configured to provide varying resistance when moving from the first position to the second position, the second position to the first position, or a combination thereof.

25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the resistor is configured to increase resistance as the platform moves past level.

26. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the resistor comprises a cylinder, a weight, or a combination thereof.

27. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the resistor is rotatably coupled to the foundation.

28. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the resistor is rotatably coupled to both the foundation and the platform.

29. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a restrainer, wherein the restrainer is coupled to the exercise machine.

30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the restrainer comprises a belt.

31. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the restrainer comprises a tensioning system, the tensioning system comprises a belt and a tensioner coupled to the belt, wherein the tensioner is configured to remove some slack from the belt when activated.

32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the tensioning system further comprises a cable and biasing element that are coupled to a pivoting element, the tensioner is coupled to the cable, and the pivoting element is coupled to the belt; and when the tensioner is actuated, the cable counter acts a biasing force of the biasing element to rotate the pivoting element.

33. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the tensioning system further comprises a cable attachment that is coupled to the tensioner and the cable.

34. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the tensioner tightens to a predetermined force, predetermined amount of movement, or a combination thereof.

35. The apparatus of claim 31, further comprising a control unit, wherein the control unit is configured to at least partially control the tensioning system and the resistor.

36. The apparatus of claim 35, wherein the control unit is electrically coupled to the tensioning system and the resistor.

37. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the tensioning system further comprises a motor configured to cause actuation of the tensioner.

38. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the tensioning system further comprises a cable and biasing element that are coupled to two pivoting elements, the tensioner is coupled to the cable, and each pivoting element is coupled to a belt end; when the tensioner is actuated, the cable counter acts a biasing force of the biasing element to rotate each pivoting element.

39. The apparatus of claim 38, wherein the tensioning system further comprises a cable attachment that is coupled to the tensioner and the cable.

40. The apparatus of claim 38, wherein the tensioning system further comprises two tensioning system pullies, and the two tensioning system pullies are configured to translate a tensioner movement direction into a pivoting element direction.

41. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the tensioner movement direction is about 90 degrees relative to the pivoting element direction.

42. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the tensioning system is coupled to the platform.

43. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the tensioning system is configured to move with the platform.

44. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the biasing element biases the belt to have slack.

45. An apparatus comprising: a restrainer, the restrainer comprises: a tensioning system, the tensioning system comprises: a belt; and a tensioner coupled to the belt; wherein the tensioner is configured to remove some slack from the belt when activated.

46. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the tensioning system further comprises a cable and biasing element that are coupled to a pivoting element, the tensioner is coupled to the cable, andthe pivoting element is coupled to the belt; and when the tensioner is actuated, the cable counter acts a biasing force of the biasing element to rotate the pivoting element.

47. The apparatus of claim 46, wherein the tensioning system further comprises a cable attachment that is coupled to the tensioner and the cable.

48. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the biasing element biases the belt to have slack.

49. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the tensioner tightens to a predetermined force, predetermined amount of movement, or a combination thereof.

50. The apparatus of claim 45, further comprising a control unit, wherein the control unit is configured to at least partially control the tensioning system.

51. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the control unit is electrically coupled to the tensioning system.

52. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the tensioning system further comprises a motor configured to cause actuation of the tensioner.

53. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the tensioning system further comprises a cable and a biasing element that are coupled to two pivoting elements, the tensioner is coupled to the cable, and each pivoting element is coupled to a belt end; when the tensioner is actuated, the cable counter acts a biasing force of the biasing element to rotate each pivoting element.

54. The apparatus of claim 53, wherein the tensioning system further comprises a cable attachment that is coupled to the tensioner and the cable.

55. The apparatus of claim 53, wherein the tensioning system further comprises two tensioning system pullies, and the tensioning system pullies are configured to translate a tensioner movement direction into a pivoting element direction.

56. The apparatus of claim 55, wherein the tensioner movement direction is about 90 degrees relative to the pivoting element direction.

57. An apparatus comprising: an exercise machine comprising: a foundation; an engagement coupled to the foundation;a platform coupled to the foundation and capable of movement relative to the engagement; a resistor coupled to the platform; and a restrainer, the restrainer comprises: a tensioning system, the tensioning system comprises: a belt; and a tensioner coupled to the belt; wherein the platform is configured to move between a first position and a second position; in the first position a user is in greatest contraction, and in the second position a user is in their lowest point; the resistor is configured to provide resistance when moving from the second position to the first position; the tensioner is configured to remove some slack from the belt when activated; and the exercise machine is configured to substantially isolate one or more gluteus maximi of a user when moving from the second position to the first position.

58. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the tensioning system further comprises a motor configured to cause actuation of the tensioner.

59. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the resistor comprises a fluid system.

60. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the tensioning system further comprises a cable and a cable attachment that is coupled to the tensioner and the cable.

61. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the tensioning system further comprises a cable and a cable attachment that is coupled to the tensioner and the cable.

62. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the tensioning system further comprises two tensioning system pullies, and the two tensioning system pullies are configured to translate a tensioner movement direction into a pivoting element direction.

63. The apparatus of claim 62, wherein the tensioner movement direction is about 90 degrees relative to the pivoting element direction.

64. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the fluid system comprises hydraulics, pneumatics, or both.

65. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the resistor comprises free weight coupled to the platform.

66. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the exercise machine further comprises a safety lever rotatably coupled to the foundation, the safety lever is configured to move between a safe position and a disengaged position, and when the safety lever is in the safe position, the platform is prevented from moving in at least one direction.

67. The apparatus of claim 66, wherein when the safety lever is in the safe position, the platform is in a secured position.

68. The apparatus of claim 67, wherein the secured position is the same as the first position.

69. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the exercise machine further comprises a safety lever rotatably coupled to the foundation, the safety lever comprises one or more safety lever projections that abut the platform when the safety lever is in a safety position.

70. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the exercise machine further comprises a safety lever rotatably coupled to the foundation, the safety lever comprises one or more safety lever projections located at different elevations and define two or more safety positions.

71. The apparatus of claim 70, wherein the safety lever comprises one or more arms.

72. The apparatus of claim 71, wherein each arm comprises one or more of the one or more safety lever projections.

73. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the engagement comprises a convex element.

74. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the platform comprises a platform layer, and the platform layer is padded.

75. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the platform comprises an extension.

76. The apparatus of claim 75, wherein the extension comprises a weight bar, and the weight bar is configured to accept a weight.

77. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the foundation comprises a base.

78. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the foundation comprises a platform extension, and the platform is rotatably coupled to the platform extension.

79. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the foundation comprises two platform extensions and a cross-member coupled to each platform extension, and the platform is rotatably coupled to the cross-member.

80. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the foundation comprises two platform extensions and a cross-member coupled to each platform extension, the platform is coupled to the cross-member, and the resistor resists movement of the cross-member.

81. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the foundation comprises an engagement extension coupled to the engagement.

82. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the foundation comprises two engagement extensions and an engagement cross-member coupled to each engagement extension, and the engagement cross-member is coupled to the engagement.

83. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the foundation comprises two engagement extensions and an engagement cross-member coupled to each engagement extension, and the engagement cross-member is rotatably coupled to the engagement.

84. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the resistor is electronically coupled to an electronic control system.

85. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the resistor is configured to provide varying resistance when moving from the first position to the second position, the second position to the first position, or a combination thereof.

86. The apparatus of claim 85, wherein the resistor is configured to increase resistance as the platform moves past level to counter act a weight of the user.

87. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the resistor comprises a cylinder, a weight, or a combination thereof.

88. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the resistor is rotatably coupled to the foundation.

89. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the resistor is rotatably coupled to both the foundation and the platform.

90. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the tensioning system further comprises a cable and biasing element that are coupled to a pivoting element, the tensioner is coupled to the cable, and the pivoting element is coupled to the belt; when the tensioner is actuated, the cable counter acts a biasing force of the biasing element to rotate the pivoting element.

91. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the tensioner tightens to a predetermined force, predetermined amount of movement, or a combination thereof.

92. The apparatus of claim 57, further comprising a control unit, wherein the control unit is configured to at least partially control the tensioning system and the resistor.

93. The apparatus of claim 92, wherein the control unit is electrically coupled to the tensioning system and the resistor.

94. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the tensioning system further comprises a cable and biasing element that are coupled to two pivoting elements, the tensioner is coupled to the cable, and each pivoting element is coupled to a belt end; when the tensioner is actuated, the cable counter acts a biasing force of the biasing element to rotate each pivoting element.

95. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the tensioning system is coupled to the platform.

96. The apparatus of claim 95, wherein the tensioning system is configured to move with the platform.

97. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the biasing element biases the belt to have slack.

98. A method, the method comprises: providing an exercise machine, the exercise machine comprises: a foundation; an engagement coupled to the foundation; a platform coupled to the foundation and capable of movement relative to the engagement; and a resistor coupled to the platform; laying on the platform; placing one or both legs on the engagement; relaxing one or both gluteus maximi to move the platform to a second position; and contracting the one or both gluteus maximi to move the platform to a first position against a resistance provided by the resistor.

99. The method of claim 98, further comprising setting the resistance of the resistor.

100. The method of claim 99, wherein the setting the resistance comprises adding or removing weight, changing force of a fluid system, or a combination thereof.

101. The method of claim 99, wherein the setting the resistance of the resistor comprises imputing on a control panel.

102. The method of claim 99, wherein the providing the exercise machine further comprises a restrainer coupled to the exercise machine, and further comprises securing the restrainer about a pelvic area.

103. The method of claim 102, wherein the securing the restrainer comprises engaging a belt buckle and pulling a belt strap.

104. The method of claim 102, wherein the securing the restrainer further comprises activating a tensioning system.

105. The method of claim 98, wherein the exercise machine further comprises a safety lever that is rotatably coupled to the foundation; and further comprising moving the safety lever from a safe position to a disengaged position, from the disengaged position to the safe position, or a combination thereof.

106. The method of claim 105, wherein when in the safe position, the platform is about 0 degrees as compared to horizontal.

107. The method of claim 105, wherein when in the safe position, the platform is less than 0 degrees as compared to horizontal.

108. The method of claim 105, wherein the lying on the platform comprises having the safety lever in a safety position.

109. The method of claim 98, wherein the exercise machine further comprises a safety lever that is rotatably coupled to the foundation; and further comprising moving the safety lever from one or more safe positions to a disengaged position, from the disengaged position to one of the one or more safe positions, or a combination thereof.

110. The method of claim 109, wherein the lying on the platform comprises having the safety lever in a safety position.

111. The method of claim 104, wherein the activating the tensioning system is performed after the engaging a belt buckle.

112. The method of claim 104, wherein the activating the tensioning system comprises imputing on a control panel.

113. The method of claim 104, wherein the setting the resistance of the resistor and the activating the tensioning system comprises imputing on a control panel.

114. The method of claim 98, wherein each of the contracting step and relaxing step are preformed multiple times.

115. The method of claim 98, wherein the placing one or both legs on the engagement comprises placing a popliteal fossa area of the one or both legs on the engagement, a posterior thigh of the one or both legs on the engagement, or a combination thereof.

116. The method of claim 98, wherein the contracting the one or both gluteus maximi, consists of causing movement of the platform with substantially just one or both gluteus maximi.

117. The method of claim 98, wherein the contracting the one or both gluteus maximi consists of causing movement of the platform by only using one or both gluteus maximi.

118. The method of claim 104, wherein the tensioning system comprises a tensioner coupled to a cable; the cable is coupled to a pivoting element; the pivoting element is coupled to a belt; and when the cable is pulled, the pivoting element rotates and tightens the belt.

119. The method of claim 104, further comprising deactivating the tensioning system.

120. The method of claim 119, further comprising unbuckling a belt buckle.

121. An apparatus, the apparatus comprising: an exercise machine for exercising a gluteus maximus of a user comprising: a foundation; an engagement for supporting a leg of a user, the engagement being coupled to the foundation; a platform for supporting a back of a user, the platform being coupled to the foundation, the platform being spaced from the engagement and capable of movement relative to the engagement; and a resistor coupled to the platform; wherein the platform is configured to move between a first position and a second position; in the first position the platform is at a first distance from the engagement and in the secondposition the platform is at a second distance from the engagement which second distance is greater than the first distance; the resistor is configured to provide resistance when moving the platform from the second position to the first position.

122. The apparatus of claim 121, wherein the platform has a first end closest to the engagement and in the first position the first end is at the first distance from the engagement and in the second position the second end is at the second distance from the engagement.

123. The apparatus according to claims 121 or 122, wherein the foundation comprises at least one platform extension, and the platform is rotatably coupled to the at least one platform extension whereby the platform is capable of rotational movement relative to the engagement.

124. The apparatus according to any one of claims 121 to 123, wherein the foundation comprises two platform extensions and a cross-member coupled to each platform extension, and the platform is rotatably coupled to the cross-member.

125. The apparatus according to any one of claims 121 to 123, wherein the foundation comprises two platform extensions and a cross-member coupled to each platform extension, the platform is coupled to the cross-member, and the resistor resists movement of the cross-member.

126. The apparatus according to any one of claims 121 to 125, wherein the resistor comprises a fluid system, which fluid system preferably comprises hydraulics and / or pneumatics.

127. The apparatus according to any one of claims 121 to 126, wherein the resistor comprises free weight coupled to the platform.

128. The apparatus according to any one of claims 121 to 127, wherein the exercise machine further comprises a safety lever rotatably coupled to the foundation, the safety lever is configured to move between a safe position and a disengaged position, when the safety lever is in the safe position, the platform is prevented from moving in at least one direction.

129. The apparatus according to claim 128, wherein when the safety lever is in the safe position, the platform is in a secured position, which secured position preferably corresponds to the first position.

130. The apparatus according to claims 128 or 129, wherein the safety lever comprises a safety lever projection that abuts the platform when the safety lever is in the safe position.

131. The apparatus of claim 130, wherein the safety lever comprises two or more safety lever projections located at different elevations which define two or more safe positions.

132. The apparatus according to any one of claims 128 to 131, wherein the safety lever comprises one or more arms.

133. The apparatus according to claims 130 or 131, wherein each arm comprises one or more of the one or more safety lever projections.

134. The apparatus according to any one of claims 121 to 133, wherein the engagement comprises a convex element preferably having an at least partly cylindrical surface.

135. The apparatus according to any one of claims 121 to 134, wherein the platform comprises a platform layer, and the platform layer is padded.

136. The apparatus according to any one of claims 121 to 135, wherein the platform comprises an extension and preferably the extension comprises a weight bar, and the weight bar is configured to accept a weight.

137. The apparatus according to any one of claims 121 to 136, wherein the foundation comprises an engagement extension coupled to the engagement.

138. The apparatus according to any one of claims 121 to 137, wherein the foundation comprises two engagement extensions and an engagement cross-member coupled to each engagementextension, and the engagement cross-member is coupled to the engagement, optionally rotatably coupled to the engagement.

139. The apparatus according to any one of claims 121 to 138, wherein the resistor is electronically coupled to an electronic control system.

140. The apparatus according to any one of claims 121 to 139, wherein the resistor is configured to provide varying resistance when moving from the first position to the second position, the second position to the first position, or a combination thereof.

141. The apparatus according to any one of claims 121 to 140, wherein the resistor is configured to increase resistance as the platform moves past level to counter act a weight of the user.

142. The apparatus according to any one of claims 121 to 141, wherein the resistor comprises a cylinder, a weight, or a combination thereof.

143. The apparatus according to any one of claims 121 to 142, wherein the resistor is rotatably coupled to the foundation and / or the platform.

144. The apparatus according to any one of claims 121 to 143, further comprising a restrainer, wherein the restrainer is coupled to the exercise machine.

145. The apparatus according to claim 144, wherein the restrainer comprises a belt.

146. The apparatus according to claim 144, wherein the restrainer comprises a tensioning system, the tensioning system comprises a belt and a tensioner coupled to the belt.

147. The apparatus according to claim 144, wherein the tensioner is configured to remove some slack from the belt when activated.

148. The apparatus according to claims 146 or 147, wherein the tensioning system further comprises a first cable and a first biasing element that are coupled to a first pivoting element, the tensioner is coupled to the first cable, and the first pivoting element is coupled to a first end of thebelt; the tensioning system is configured such that when the tensioner is actuated, the first cable counter acts a biasing force of the first biasing element to rotate the first pivoting element.

149. The apparatus according to claim 148, wherein the tensioning system further comprises a second pivoting element, a second cable and a second biasing element is coupled to the second pivoting element, and the second pivoting element is coupled to a second end of the belt; the tensioning system is configured such that when the tensioner is actuated, the second cable counter acts the biasing force of the second biasing element to rotate the second pivoting element.

150. The apparatus according to claim 149, wherein the tensioning system is configured to pull the first and second ends of the belt apart when the first and second pivoting elements are rotated upon actuation of the tensioner.

151. The apparatus according to claims 148, wherein the first pivoting element is mounted on a first pivot axis, and the first end of the belt is coupled to one side of the first pivoting element with respect to the first pivot axis and the first cable is coupled to an opposite side of the first pivoting element with respect to the first pivot axis.

152. The apparatus according to claims 149 or 150 and claim 151, wherein the second pivoting element is mounted on a second pivot axis, and the second end of the belt is coupled to one side of the second pivoting element with respect to the second pivot axis and the second cable is coupled to an opposite side of the second pivoting element with respect to the second pivot axis.

153. The apparatus according to any one of claims 149 to 152, wherein the first and second cables are parts of a unitary cable and preferably the first and second biasing elements are parts of a unitary biasing element which preferably biases the belt to have slack.

154. The apparatus according to any one of claims 146 or 147, wherein the tensioning system further comprises a cable and biasing element that are coupled to two pivoting elements, the tensioner is coupled to the cable, and each pivoting element is coupled to a belt end; when thetensioner is actuated, the cable counter acts a biasing force of the biasing element to rotate each pivoting element, wherein the biasing element preferably biases the belt to have slack.

155. The apparatus according to claims 153 or 154, wherein the tensioning system further comprises two tensioning system pullies, and the two tensioning system pullies are configured to translate a tensioner movement direction into a pivoting element direction.

156. The apparatus according to claim 155, wherein the tensioner movement direction is about 90 degrees relative to the pivoting element direction.

157. The apparatus according to any one of claims 146 to 156, wherein the tensioner tightens to a predetermined force, predetermined amount of movement, or a combination thereof.

158. The apparatus according to any one of claims 146 to 157, further comprising a control unit, wherein the control unit is configured to at least partially control the tensioning system and the resistor, wherein the control unit is preferably electrically coupled to the tensioning system and the resistor.

159. The apparatus according to any one of claims 146 to 158, wherein the tensioning system further comprises a motor configured to cause actuation of the tensioner.

160. The apparatus according to any one of claims 146 to 159, wherein the tensioning system is coupled to the platform and preferably configured to move with the platform.

161. Tensioning system comprising a belt and a tensioner coupled to the belt and further comprising a first cable and a first biasing element that are coupled to a first pivoting element, the tensioner is coupled to the first cable, and the first pivoting element is coupled to a first end of the belt; the tensioning system is configured such that when the tensioner is actuated, the first cable counter acts a biasing force of the first biasing element to rotate the first pivoting element.

162. The tensioning system according to claim 161, wherein the tensioning system further comprises a second pivoting element, a second cable and a second biasing element is coupled tothe second pivoting element, and the second pivoting element is coupled to a second end of the belt; the tensioning system is configured such that when the tensioner is actuated, the second cable counter acts the biasing force of the second biasing element to rotate the second pivoting element.

163. The tensioning system according to claim 162, wherein the tensioning system is configured to pull the first and second ends of the belt apart when the first and second pivoting elements are rotated upon actuation of the tensioner.

164. The tensioning system according to claims 161, wherein the first pivoting element is mounted on a first pivot axis, and the first end of the belt is coupled to one side of the first pivoting element with respect to the first pivot axis and the first cable is coupled to an opposite side of the first pivoting element with respect to the first pivot axis.

165. The tensioning system according to claims 162 or 163 and claim 164, wherein the second pivoting element is mounted on a second pivot axis, and the second end of the belt is coupled to one side of the second pivoting element with respect to the second pivot axis and the second cable is coupled to an opposite side of the second pivoting element with respect to the second pivot axis.

166. The tensioning system according to any one of claims 162 to 165, wherein the first and second cables are parts of a unitary cable and preferably the first and second biasing elements are parts of a unitary biasing element which preferably biases the belt to have slack.

167. The tensioning system according to claim 165, wherein the tensioning system further comprises two tensioning system pullies, and the two tensioning system pullies are configured to translate a tensioner movement direction into a pivoting element direction.

168. The tensioning system according to claim 167, wherein the tensioner movement direction is about 90 degrees relative to the pivoting element direction.

169. The tensioning system according to any one of claims 161 to 168, wherein the tensioner tightens to a predetermined force, predetermined amount of movement, or a combination thereof.

170. The tensioning system according to any one of claims 161 to 169, further comprising a control unit, wherein the control unit is configured to at least partially control the tensioning system and the resistor, wherein the control unit is preferably electrically coupled to the tensioning system and the resistor.

171. The tensioning system according to any one of claims 161 to 170, wherein the tensioning system further comprises a motor configured to cause actuation of the tensioner.

172. The tensioning system according to any one of claims 161 to 171, wherein the tensioning system is coupled to the platform and preferably configured to move with the platform.

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