Message transmissions during a contention-based access
By using dedicated channels or D2R channels based on resource allocation for message transmissions, the overhead issues in contention-based access for A-IoT devices are addressed, leading to improved system performance and efficient communication.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/108758
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-08-15
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-16
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-19
AI Technical Summary
Existing contention-based access methods in wireless communication systems, particularly for Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) devices, suffer from increased overhead and degraded system performance due to the use of shared channels for message transmissions, which do not effectively accommodate the small payload size and reduced complexity of these devices.
Implementing dedicated channels or physical device-to-reader (D2R) channels based on resource allocation for message transmissions, such as Msg1, to reduce overhead and improve system performance by allowing for different formats for messages, control, and data, and enabling efficient resource selection.
This approach reduces overhead and improves system performance by optimizing message transmissions in contention-based access procedures, enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of wireless communication for A-IoT devices.
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Figure CN2025108758_19022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
MESSAGE TRANSMISSIONS DURING A CONTENTION-BASED ACCESSCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This Patent Application claims priority to International Patent Application No. PCT / CN2024 / 112269, filed on August 15, 2024, entitled “MESSAGE TRANSMISSIONS DURING A CONTENTION-BASED ACCESS, ” and assigned to the assignee hereof. The disclosure of the prior Application is considered part of and is incorporated by reference into this Patent Application. FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and specifically relate to techniques, apparatuses, and methods for message transmissions during a contention-based access.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various services that may include carrying voice, text, messaging, video, data, and / or other traffic. The services may include unicast, multicast, and / or broadcast services, among other examples. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (for example, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, and / or device transmit power, among other examples) . Examples of such multiple-access RATs include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
[0004] The above multiple-access RATs have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable different wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, or global level. An example telecommunication standard is New Radio (NR) . NR, which may also be referred to as 5G, is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . NR (and other mobile broadband evolutions beyond NR) may be designed to better support Internet of things (IoT) and reduced capability device deployments, industrial connectivity, millimeter wave (mmWave) expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployment, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication technologies (for example, cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication) , massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansions, multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, and / or radio frequency (RF) sensing, among other examples. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other radio access technologies such as 6G may be introduced, to further advance mobile broadband evolution.SUMMARY
[0005] In some implementations, a method of wireless communication performed by a first device includes receiving, by the first device and from a second device, a command associated with a contention-based access; and transmitting, by the first device and to the second device, in response to the command, a message associated with the contention-based access, wherein the message is transmitted via a dedicated channel or via a device-to-reader (D2R) channel based at least in part on a resource allocation.
[0006] In some implementations, a method of wireless communication performed by a second device includes transmitting, by the second device and to a first device, a command associated with a contention-based access; and receiving, by the second device and from the first device, in response to the command, a message associated with the contention-based access, wherein the message is transmitted via a dedicated channel or via a D2R channel based at least in part on a resource allocation.
[0007] In some implementations, a method of wireless communication performed by a first device includes receiving, by the first device and from a second device, a command associated with a contention-based access; and transmitting, by the first device and to the second device, in response to the command, a message 1 (Msg1) associated with the contention-based access, wherein the Msg1 is transmitted via a physical device-to-reader (D2R) channel (PDRCH) based at least in part on a resource allocation.
[0008] In some implementations, a method of wireless communication performed by a second device includes transmitting, by the second device and to a first device, a command associated with a contention-based access; and receiving, by the second device and from the first device, in response to the command, a Msg1 associated with the contention-based access, wherein the Msg1 is transmitted via a PDRCH based at least in part on a resource allocation.
[0009] In some implementations, an apparatus for wireless communication at a first device includes one or more memories; and one or more processors, the one or more processors, individually or collectively and based at least in part on information stored in the one or more memories, being configured to: receive, from a second device, a command associated with a contention-based access; and transmit, to the second device and in response to the command, a message associated with the contention-based access, wherein the message is transmitted via a dedicated channel or via a D2R channel based at least in part on a resource allocation.
[0010] In some implementations, an apparatus for wireless communication at a second device includes one or more memories; and one or more processors, the one or more processors, individually or collectively and based at least in part on information stored in the one or more memories, being configured to: transmit, to a first device, a command associated with a contention-based access; and receive, from the first device and in response to the command, a message associated with the contention-based access, wherein the message is transmitted via a dedicated channel or via a D2R channel based at least in part on a resource allocation.
[0011] In some implementations, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a first device, cause the first device to: receive, from a second device, a command associated with a contention-based access; and transmit, to the second device, in response to the command, a message associated with the contention-based access, wherein the message is transmitted via a dedicated channel or via a D2R channel based at least in part on a resource allocation.
[0012] In some implementations, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a second device, cause the second device to:transmit, to a first device, a command associated with a contention-based access; and receive, from the first device, in response to the command, a message associated with the contention-based access, wherein the message is transmitted via a dedicated channel or via a D2R channel based at least in part on a resource allocation.
[0013] In some implementations, a first apparatus for wireless communication includes means for receiving, from a second apparatus, a command associated with a contention-based access; and means for transmitting, to the second apparatus, in response to the command, a message associated with the contention-based access, wherein the message is transmitted via a dedicated channel or via a D2R channel based at least in part on a resource allocation.
[0014] In some implementations, a second apparatus for wireless communication includes means for transmitting, to a first apparatus, a command associated with a contention-based access; and means for receiving, from the first apparatus, in response to the command, a message associated with the contention-based access, wherein the message is transmitted via a dedicated channel or via a D2R channel based at least in part on a resource allocation.
[0015] Aspects of the present disclosure may generally be implemented by or as a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, network node, network entity, wireless communication device, and / or processing system as substantially described with reference to, and as illustrated by, the specification and accompanying drawings.
[0016] The foregoing paragraphs of this section have broadly summarized some aspects of the present disclosure. These and additional aspects and associated advantages will be described hereinafter. The disclosed aspects may be used as a basis for modifying or designing other aspects for carrying out the same or similar purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent aspects do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the aspects disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] The appended drawings illustrate some aspects of the present disclosure, but are not limiting of the scope of the present disclosure because the description may enable other aspects. Each of the drawings is provided for purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims. The same or similar reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.
[0018] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0019] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a network node in communication with a user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0020] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0021] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) topologies, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0022] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a four-step A-IoT access, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0023] Figs. 6-9 are diagrams illustrating examples associated with message transmissions during a contention-based access, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0024] Figs. 10-11 are diagrams illustrating example processes associated with message transmissions during a contention-based access, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0025] Figs. 12-13 are diagrams of example apparatuses for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] Various aspects of the present disclosure are described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and is not to be construed as limited to any specific aspect illustrated by or described with reference to an accompanying drawing or otherwise presented in this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. One skilled in the art may appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using various combinations or quantities of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover an apparatus having, or a method that is practiced using, other structures and / or functionalities in addition to or other than the structures and / or functionalities with which various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein may be practiced. Any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0027] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques. These methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0028] Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) devices may be a class of low-complexity devices (e.g., tags or sensors) which may operate on ambient signaling (e.g., incident radio frequency (RF) sources) from readers. A-IoT devices may harvest energy from an ambient environment. For an uplink transmission, A-IoT devices may rely on backscattering incident signals to send data to the readers, or A-IoT devices may generate signals themselves. A-IoT devices may depend on various procedures, such as paging, random access, data transmissions, and / or interactions with upper layers. A reader may be a network node or a user equipment (UE)
[0029] In a contention-based access, in step 0 (e.g., A-IoT Msg0 or msg. 0) , the reader may transmit a command to an A-IoT device. In step 1 (e.g., A-IoT Msg1 or msg. 1) , the A-IoT device may transmit a message based at least in part on a reader indication. The A-IoT device may transmit the message using orthogonal sequences, e.g., Hadamard sequences, to reduce a likelihood of a collision. In some cases, the message may be referred to a term that is different from msg. 1. For example, in a New Radio (NR) system, msg. 1 may be used in a contention based random access, whereas MsgA or msg. A may be used in a contention free based random access. In step 2 (e.g., A-IoT msg. 2) , the reader may indicate a received sequence and a corresponding frequency shift to the A-IoT device. In step 3 (e.g., A-IoT Msg3 or msg. 3) , the A-IoT device, whose transmitted information may match information indicated by the reader, may transmit device / group identifier (ID) related information to the reader for a contention resolution. In step 4 (e.g., A-IoT Msg4 or msg. 4) , the reader may identify the A-IoT device based at least in part on received information.
[0030] In a New Radio (NR) system, code domain multiple access may be used, and a dedicated channel may be used for a message 1 (Msg1 or msg. 1) transmission. In an A-IoT system, the A-IoT device may transmit, to the reader, the message (e.g., A-IoT Msg1) to indicate a requirement to access the reader. In one example, the A-IoT device may randomly generate a few bits and transmit the bits to the reader, where a number of random bits may be much smaller than a control or data payload size. In another example, code domain based multiple access may be used. For example, multiple sequences may be configured and the A-IoT may select one of the sequences as a Msg1 transmission. However, when the Msg1 transmission shares the same channel as control and data, and when the few bits are randomly generated and transmitted to the reader, an overhead such as a preamble or a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) may be relatively large due to a relatively smaller payload of the Msg1 transmission. Further, when the Msg1 transmission shares the same channel as control and data, code domain based multiple access may not be able to attach the CRC and / or the preamble may not be needed. Thus, when such approaches are used by the A-IoT device to transmit the Msg1 transmission to indicate the requirement to access the wireless network, an overall system performance may be degraded.
[0031] Various aspects relate generally to message transmissions during a contention-based access. Some aspects more specifically relate to A-IoT based message transmissions during a contention-based access. In some examples, a first device (e.g., an A-IoT device) may receive, from a second device (e.g., a network node or a UE) , a command associated with a contention-based access. The command may be associated with a message 0 (Msg0) transmission. The first device may transmit, to the second device and in response to the command, a message associated with the contention-based access. The message may be associated with a Msg1 transmission. The first device may transmit the message via a dedicated channel or via a device-to-reader (D2R) channel based at least in part on a resource allocation. The D2R channel may be a physical D2R channel (PDRCH) . In some aspects, when the dedicated channel is used, the message may be a sequence-based message or a payload-based message. The dedicated channel may be configured to convey message information, the dedicated channel may be configured to convey a preamble and message information, or the dedicated channel may be configured to convey a preamble, message information, and a CRC. In some aspects, when the D2R channel is used, the message and control information conveyed over the D2R channel may be associated with a same format, or the message and data conveyed over the D2R channel may be associated with a same format. Alternatively, the message may be associated with a first format, control information and / or data conveyed over the D2R channel may be associated with a second format, and the first format may be different from the second format. Control and data may also have a different format of PDRCH. In some aspects, the resource allocation may be based at least in part on a definition of supported sequences and corresponding indexes. Alternatively, for the resource allocation, a set of resources may be defined for transmitting the message, and the command may indicate a resource set identifier, of a resource in the set of resources, for transmitting the message. Alternatively, the command may dynamically indicate a resource that is available to be used for transmitting the message.
[0032] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by configuring the message (e.g., the Msg1 transmission) to be transmitted via the dedicated channel or via the PDRCH based at least in part on the resource allocation, the described techniques can be used to improve message transmissions in a contention-based access procedure. The first device and / or the second device may utilize the dedicated channel or the PDRCH, along with the resource allocation, for conveying the message during the contention-based access procedure. When the dedicated channel is used to convey the message, an overhead (e.g., preamble and / or CRC) associated with the message may be reduced, as compared to when a shared channel is used. When the PDRCH is used to convey the message, different formats for the message versus control / data may be utilized to reduce the overhead, as compared to when different formats are not used for the PDRCH. Further, the resource allocation may allow the first device to select appropriate resources to transmit the message, where the resources may be based at least in part on the command. As a result, by configuring the message to be transmitted via the dedicated channel or via the PDRCH based at least in part on the resource allocation, an overall system performance may be improved.
[0033] Multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, enterprise, national, regional, or global level. For example, 5G NR is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . 5G NR supports various technologies and use cases including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) , massive machine-type communication (mMTC) , millimeter wave (mmWave) technology, beamforming, network slicing, edge computing, Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity and management, and network function virtualization (NFV) .
[0034] As the demand for broadband access increases and as technologies supported by wireless communication networks evolve, further technological improvements may be adopted in or implemented for 5G NR or future RATs, such as 6G, to further advance the evolution of wireless communication for a wide variety of existing and new use cases and applications. Such technological improvements may be associated with new frequency band expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, overlapping spectrum use, small cell deployments, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansion, device aggregation, advanced duplex communication, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication, IoT (including passive or ambient IoT) networks, reduced capability (RedCap) UE functionality, industrial connectivity, multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, RF sensing, and / or artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) , among other examples. These technological improvements may support use cases such as wireless backhauls, wireless data centers, extended reality (XR) and metaverse applications, meta services for supporting vehicle connectivity, holographic and mixed reality communication, autonomous and collaborative robots, vehicle platooning and cooperative maneuvering, sensing networks, gesture monitoring, human-brain interfacing, digital twin applications, asset management, and universal coverage applications using non-terrestrial and / or aerial platforms, among other examples. The methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques described herein may enable one or more of the foregoing technologies and / or support one or more of the foregoing use cases.
[0035] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network 100, in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless communication network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network, among other examples. The wireless communication network 100 may include multiple network nodes 110, shown as a network node (NN) 110a, a network node 110b, a network node 110c, and a network node 110d. The network nodes 110 may support communications with multiple UEs 120, shown as a UE 120a, a UE 120b, a UE 120c, a UE 120d, and a UE 120e.
[0036] The network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, carriers, and / or channels. For example, devices of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In some aspects, multiple wireless communication networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless communication network 100 may support a particular RAT (which may also be referred to as an air interface) and may operate on one or more carrier frequencies in one or more frequency ranges. Examples of RATs include a 4G RAT, a 5G / NR RAT, and / or a 6G RAT, among other examples. In some examples, when multiple RATs are deployed in a given geographic area, each RAT in the geographic area may operate on different frequencies to avoid interference with one another.
[0037] Various operating bands have been defined as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz through 7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz through 52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz through 24.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz through 71 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz through 114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz through 300 GHz) . Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in some documents and articles. Similarly, FR2 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in some documents and articles, despite being different than the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz through 300 GHz) , which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies, which include FR3. Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. Thus, “sub-6 GHz, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are less than 6 GHz, that are within FR1, and / or that are included in mid-band frequencies. Similarly, the term “millimeter wave, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are included in mid-band frequencies, that are within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, or FR5, and / or that are within the EHF band. Higher frequency bands may extend 5G NR operation, 6G operation, and / or other RATs beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, each of FR4a, FR4-1, FR4, and FR5 falls within the EHF band. In some examples, the wireless communication network 100 may implement dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) , in which multiple RATs (for example, 4G / Long Term Evolution (LTE) and 5G / NR) are implemented with dynamic bandwidth allocation (for example, based on user demand) in a single frequency band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (for example, FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and / or FR5) may be modified, and techniques described herein may be applicable to those modified frequency ranges.
[0038] A network node 110 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication between a UE 120 and one or more devices, components, or systems of the wireless communication network 100. A network node 110 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an NR network node, a 5G network node, a 6G network node, a Node B, an eNB, a gNB, an access point (AP) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a mobility element, a core, a network entity, a network element, a network equipment, and / or another type of device, component, or system included in a radio access network (RAN) .
[0039] A network node 110 may be implemented as a single physical node (for example, a single physical structure) or may be implemented as two or more physical nodes (for example, two or more distinct physical structures) . For example, a network node 110 may be a device or system that implements part of a radio protocol stack, a device or system that implements a full radio protocol stack (such as a full gNB protocol stack) , or a collection of devices or systems that collectively implement the full radio protocol stack. For example, and as shown, a network node 110 may be an aggregated network node (having an aggregated architecture) , meaning that the network node 110 may implement a full radio protocol stack that is physically and logically integrated within a single node (for example, a single physical structure) in the wireless communication network 100. For example, an aggregated network node 110 may consist of a single standalone base station or a single TRP that uses a full radio protocol stack to enable or facilitate communication between a UE 120 and a core network of the wireless communication network 100.
[0040] Alternatively, and as also shown, a network node 110 may be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station) , meaning that the network node 110 may implement a radio protocol stack that is physically distributed and / or logically distributed among two or more nodes in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations. For example, a disaggregated network node may have a disaggregated architecture. In some deployments, disaggregated network nodes 110 may be used in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, in an open radio access network (O-RAN) (such as a network configuration in compliance with the O-RAN Alliance) , or in a virtualized radio access network (vRAN) , also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) , to facilitate scaling by separating base station functionality into multiple units that can be individually deployed.
[0041] The network nodes 110 of the wireless communication network 100 may include one or more central units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , and / or one or more radio units (RUs) . A CU may host one or more higher layer control functions, such as radio resource control (RRC) functions, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) functions, and / or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) functions, among other examples. A DU may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and / or one or more higher physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as a functional split defined by the 3GPP. In some examples, a DU also may host one or more lower PHY layer functions, such as a fast Fourier transform (FFT) , an inverse FFT (iFFT) , beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, and / or scheduling of resources for one or more UEs 120, among other examples. An RU may host RF processing functions or lower PHY layer functions, such as an FFT, an iFFT, beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples, according to a functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, each RU can be operated to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 120.
[0042] In some aspects, a single network node 110 may include a combination of one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more RUs. Additionally or alternatively, a network node 110 may include one or more Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs) and / or one or more Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RICs. In some examples, a CU, a DU, and / or an RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) , among other examples. A virtual unit may be implemented as a virtual network function, such as associated with a cloud deployment.
[0043] Some network nodes 110 (for example, a base station, an RU, or a TRP) may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the 3GPP, the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a network node 110 or to a network node 110 itself, depending on the context in which the term is used. A network node 110 may support one or multiple (for example, three) cells. In some examples, a network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (for example, several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (for example, a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs 120 having association with the femto cell (for example, UEs 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) ) . A network node 110 for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. A network node 110 for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico network node. A network node 110 for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto network node or an in-home network node. In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary. For example, the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of an associated mobile network node 110 (for example, a train, a satellite base station, an unmanned aerial vehicle, or an NTN network node) .
[0044] The wireless communication network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 110 of different types, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, aggregated network nodes, and / or disaggregated network nodes, among other examples. In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 110a may be a macro network node for a macro cell 130a, the network node 110b may be a pico network node for a pico cell 130b, and the network node 110c may be a femto network node for a femto cell 130c. Various different types of network nodes 110 may generally transmit at different power levels, serve different coverage areas, and / or have different impacts on interference in the wireless communication network 100 than other types of network nodes 110. For example, macro network nodes may have a high transmit power level (for example, 5 to 40 watts) , whereas pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes may have lower transmit power levels (for example, 0.1 to 2 watts) .
[0045] In some examples, a network node 110 may be, may include, or may operate as an RU, a TRP, or a base station that communicates with one or more UEs 120 via a radio access link (which may be referred to as a “Uu” link) . The radio access link may include a downlink and an uplink. “Downlink” (or “DL” ) refers to a communication direction from a network node 110 to a UE 120, and “uplink” (or “UL” ) refers to a communication direction from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Downlink channels may include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. A downlink control channel may be used to transmit downlink control information (DCI) (for example, scheduling information, reference signals, and / or configuration information) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. A downlink data channel may be used to transmit downlink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. Downlink control channels may include one or more physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs) , and downlink data channels may include one or more physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs) . Uplink channels may similarly include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. An uplink control channel may be used to transmit uplink control information (UCI) (for example, reference signals and / or feedback corresponding to one or more downlink transmissions) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. An uplink data channel may be used to transmit uplink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Uplink control channels may include one or more physical uplink control channels (PUCCHs) , and uplink data channels may include one or more physical uplink shared channels (PUSCHs) . The downlink and the uplink may each include a set of resources on which the network node 110 and the UE 120 may communicate.
[0046] Downlink and uplink resources may include time domain resources (frames, subframes, slots, and / or symbols) , frequency domain resources (frequency bands, component carriers, subcarriers, resource blocks, and / or resource elements) , and / or spatial domain resources (particular transmit directions and / or beam parameters) . Frequency domain resources of some bands may be subdivided into bandwidth parts (BWPs) . A BWP may be a continuous block of frequency domain resources (for example, a continuous block of resource blocks) that are allocated for one or more UEs 120. A UE 120 may be configured with both an uplink BWP and a downlink BWP (where the uplink BWP and the downlink BWP may be the same BWP or different BWPs) . A BWP may be dynamically configured (for example, by a network node 110 transmitting a DCI configuration to the one or more UEs 120) and / or reconfigured, which means that a BWP can be adjusted in real-time (or near-real-time) based on changing network conditions in the wireless communication network 100 and / or based on the specific requirements of the one or more UEs 120. This enables more efficient use of the available frequency domain resources in the wireless communication network 100 because fewer frequency domain resources may be allocated to a BWP for a UE 120 (which may reduce the quantity of frequency domain resources that a UE 120 is required to monitor) , leaving more frequency domain resources to be spread across multiple UEs 120. Thus, BWPs may also assist in the implementation of lower-capability UEs 120 by facilitating the configuration of smaller bandwidths for communication by such UEs 120.
[0047] As described above, in some aspects, the wireless communication network 100 may be, may include, or may be included in, an IAB network. In an IAB network, at least one network node 110 is an anchor network node that communicates with a core network. An anchor network node 110 may also be referred to as an IAB donor (or “IAB-donor” ) . The anchor network node 110 may connect to the core network via a wired backhaul link. For example, an Ng interface of the anchor network node 110 may terminate at the core network. Additionally or alternatively, an anchor network node 110 may connect to one or more devices of the core network that provide a core access and mobility management function (AMF) . An IAB network also generally includes multiple non-anchor network nodes 110, which may also be referred to as relay network nodes or simply as IAB nodes (or “IAB-nodes” ) . Each non-anchor network node 110 may communicate directly with the anchor network node 110 via a wireless backhaul link to access the core network, or may communicate indirectly with the anchor network node 110 via one or more other non-anchor network nodes 110 and associated wireless backhaul links that form a backhaul path to the core network. Some anchor network node 110 or other non-anchor network node 110 may also communicate directly with one or more UEs 120 via wireless access links that carry access traffic. In some examples, network resources for wireless communication (such as time resources, frequency resources, and / or spatial resources) may be shared between access links and backhaul links.
[0048] In some examples, any network node 110 that relays communications may be referred to as a relay network node, a relay station, or simply as a relay. A relay may receive a transmission of a communication from an upstream station (for example, another network node 110 or a UE 120) and transmit the communication to a downstream station (for example, a UE 120 or another network node 110) . In this case, the wireless communication network 100 may include or be referred to as a “multi-hop network. ” In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 110d (for example, a relay network node) may communicate with the network node 110a (for example, a macro network node) and the UE 120d in order to facilitate communication between the network node 110a and the UE 120d. Additionally or alternatively, a UE 120 may be or may operate as a relay station that can relay transmissions to or from other UEs 120. A UE 120 that relays communications may be referred to as a UE relay or a relay UE, among other examples.
[0049] The UEs 120 may be physically dispersed throughout the wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 120 may be, may include, or may be included in an access terminal, another terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. A UE 120 may be, include, or be coupled with a cellular phone (for example, a smart phone) , a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (for example, a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, and / or smart jewelry, such as a smart ring or a smart bracelet) , an entertainment device (for example, a music device, a video device, and / or a satellite radio) , an XR device, a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter or sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device (such as a Global Positioning System device or another type of positioning device) , a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device or function that may communicate via a wireless medium.
[0050] A UE 120 and / or a network node 110 may include one or more chips, system-on-chips (SoCs) , chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or comprise a processing system. The processing system includes processor (or “processing” ) circuitry in the form of one or multiple processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as central processing units (CPUs) , graphics processing units (GPUs) , neural processing units (NPUs) and / or digital signal processors (DSPs) ) , processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) (such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) ) , or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “processors” or collectively as “the processor” or “the processor circuitry” ) . One or more of the processors may be individually or collectively configurable or configured to perform various functions or operations described herein. A group of processors collectively configurable or configured to perform a set of functions may include a first processor configurable or configured to perform a first function of the set and a second processor configurable or configured to perform a second function of the set, or may include the group of processors all being configured or configurable to perform the set of functions.
[0051] The processing system may further include memory circuitry in the form of one or more memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry, each of which may include tangible storage media such as random-access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM) , or combinations thereof (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “memories” or collectively as “the memory” or “the memory circuitry” ) . One or more of the memories may be coupled (for example, operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) with one or more of the processors and may individually or collectively store processor-executable code (such as software) that, when executed by one or more of the processors, may configure one or more of the processors to perform various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more of the processors may be preconfigured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software. The processing system may further include or be coupled with one or more modems (such as a Wi-Fi (for example, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) compliant) modem or a cellular (for example, 3GPP 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G compliant) modem) . In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the modems. The processing system may further include or be coupled with multiple radios (collectively “the radio” ) , multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more of multiple antennas. In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the radios, RF chains or transceivers. The UE 120 may include or may be included in a housing that houses components associated with the UE 120 including the processing system.
[0052] Some UEs 120 may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) UEs, evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) , UEs, further enhanced eMTC (feMTC) UEs, or enhanced feMTC (efeMTC) UEs, or further evolutions thereof, all of which may be simply referred to as “MTC UEs” . An MTC UE may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with a robot, an uncrewed aerial vehicle, a remote device, a sensor, a meter, a monitor, and / or a location tag. Some UEs 120 may be considered IoT devices and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. An IoT UE or NB-IoT device may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with an industrial machine, an appliance, a refrigerator, a doorbell camera device, a home automation device, and / or a light fixture, among other examples. Some UEs 120 may be considered Customer Premises Equipment, which may include telecommunications devices that are installed at a customer location (such as a home or office) to enable access to a service provider's network (such as included in or in communication with the wireless communication network 100) .
[0053] Some UEs 120 may be classified according to different categories in association with different complexities and / or different capabilities. UEs 120 in a first category may facilitate massive IoT in the wireless communication network 100, and may offer low complexity and / or cost relative to UEs 120 in a second category. UEs 120 in a second category may include mission-critical IoT devices, legacy UEs, baseline UEs, high-tier UEs, advanced UEs, full-capability UEs, and / or premium UEs that are capable of URLLC, eMBB, and / or precise positioning in the wireless communication network 100, among other examples. A third category of UEs 120 may have mid-tier complexity and / or capability (for example, a capability between UEs 120 of the first category and UEs 120 of the second capability) . A UE 120 of the third category may be referred to as a reduced capacity UE ( “RedCap UE” ) , a mid-tier UE, an NR-Light UE, and / or an NR-Lite UE, among other examples. RedCap UEs may bridge a gap between the capability and complexity of NB-IoT devices and / or eMTC UEs, and mission-critical IoT devices and / or premium UEs. RedCap UEs may include, for example, wearable devices, IoT devices, industrial sensors, and / or cameras that are associated with a limited bandwidth, power capacity, and / or transmission range, among other examples. RedCap UEs may support healthcare environments, building automation, electrical distribution, process automation, transport and logistics, and / or smart city deployments, among other examples.
[0054] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (for example, shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly with one another using sidelink communications (for example, without communicating by way of a network node 110 as an intermediary) . As an example, the UE 120a may directly transmit data, control information, or other signaling as a sidelink communication to the UE 120e. This is in contrast to, for example, the UE 120a first transmitting data in an UL communication to a network node 110, which then transmits the data to the UE 120e in a DL communication. In various examples, the UEs 120 may transmit and receive sidelink communications using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication protocols, device-to-device (D2D) communication protocols, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication protocols (which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, and / or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols) , and / or mesh network communication protocols. In some deployments and configurations, a network node 110 may schedule and / or allocate resources for sidelink communications between UEs 120 in the wireless communication network 100. In some other deployments and configurations, a UE 120 (instead of a network node 110) may perform, or collaborate or negotiate with one or more other UEs to perform, scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations for sidelink communications.
[0055] In various examples, some of the network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may be configured for full-duplex operation in addition to half-duplex operation. A network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a half-duplex mode may perform only one of transmission or reception during particular time resources, such as during particular slots, symbols, or other time periods. Half-duplex operation may involve time-division duplexing (TDD) , in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 and UL transmissions of the UE 120 do not occur in the same time resources (that is, the transmissions do not overlap in time) . In contrast, a network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a full-duplex mode can transmit and receive communications concurrently (for example, in the same time resources) . By operating in a full-duplex mode, network nodes 110 and / or UEs 120 may generally increase the capacity of the network and the radio access link. In some examples, full-duplex operation may involve frequency-division duplexing (FDD) , in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 are performed in a first frequency band or on a first component carrier and transmissions of the UE 120 are performed in a second frequency band or on a second component carrier different than the first frequency band or the first component carrier, respectively. In some examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a UE 120 but not for a network node 110. For example, a UE 120 may simultaneously transmit an UL transmission to a first network node 110 and receive a DL transmission from a second network node 110 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a network node 110 but not for a UE 120. For example, a network node 110 may simultaneously transmit a DL transmission to a first UE 120 and receive an UL transmission from a second UE 120 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for both a network node 110 and a UE 120.
[0056] In some examples, the UEs 120 and the network nodes 110 may perform MIMO communication. “MIMO” generally refers to transmitting or receiving multiple signals (such as multiple layers or multiple data streams) simultaneously over the same time and frequency resources. MIMO techniques generally exploit multipath propagation. MIMO may be implemented using various spatial processing or spatial multiplexing operations. In some examples, MIMO may support simultaneous transmission to multiple receivers, referred to as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) . Some RATs may employ advanced MIMO techniques, such as mTRP operation (including redundant transmission or reception on multiple TRPs) , reciprocity in the time domain or the frequency domain, single-frequency-network (SFN) transmission, or non-coherent joint transmission (NC-JT) .
[0057] In some aspects, a first device (e.g., A-IoT device 122) may include a communication manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 may receive, from a second device, a command associated with a contention-based access; and transmit, to the second device, in response to the command, a message associated with the contention-based access, wherein the message is transmitted via a dedicated channel or via a D2R channel based at least in part on a resource allocation. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0058] In some aspects, a second device (e.g., network node 110 or UE 120) may include a communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 150 may transmit, to a first device, a command associated with a contention-based access; and receive, from the first device, in response to the command, a message associated with the contention-based access, wherein the message is transmitted via a dedicated channel or via a D2R channel based at least in part on a resource allocation. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0059] As indicated above, Fig. 1 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 1.
[0060] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example network node 110 in communication with an example UE 120 in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0061] As shown in Fig. 2, the network node 110 may include a data source 212, a transmit processor 214, a transmit (TX) MIMO processor 216, a set of modems 232 (shown as 232a through 232t, where t ≥ 1) , a set of antennas 234 (shown as 234a through 234v, where v ≥ 1) , a MIMO detector 236, a receive processor 238, a data sink 239, a controller / processor 240, a memory 242, a communication unit 244, a scheduler 246, and / or a communication manager 150, among other examples. In some configurations, one or a combination of the antenna (s) 234, the modem (s) 232, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, the transmit processor 214, and / or the TX MIMO processor 216 may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller / processor 240, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 242, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, and / or operations described herein. In some aspects, the network node 110 may include one or more interfaces, communication components, and / or other components that facilitate communication with the UE 120 or another network node.
[0062] The terms “processor, ” “controller, ” or “controller / processor” may refer to one or more controllers and / or one or more processors. For example, reference to “a / the processor, ” “a / the controller / processor, ” or the like (in the singular) should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 2, such as a single processor or a combination of multiple different processors. Reference to “one or more processors” should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 2. For example, one or more processors of the network node 110 may include transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, and / or controller / processor 240. Similarly, one or more processors of the UE 120 may include MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, and / or controller / processor 280.
[0063] In some aspects, a single processor may perform all of the operations described as being performed by the one or more processors. In some aspects, a first set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a first operation described as being performed by the one or more processors, and a second set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a second operation described as being performed by the one or more processors. The first set of processors and the second set of processors may be the same set of processors or may be different sets of processors. Reference to “one or more memories” should be understood to refer to any one or more memories of a corresponding device, such as the memory described in connection with Fig. 2. For example, operation described as being performed by one or more memories can be performed by the same subset of the one or more memories or different subsets of the one or more memories.
[0064] For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the transmit processor 214 may receive data ( “downlink data” ) intended for the UE 120 (or a set of UEs that includes the UE 120) from the data source 212 (such as a data pipeline or a data queue) . In some examples, the transmit processor 214 may select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) for the UE 120 in accordance with one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE 120. The network node 110 may process the data (for example, including encoding the data) for transmission to the UE 120 on a downlink in accordance with the MCS (s) selected for the UE 120 to generate data symbols. The transmit processor 214 may process system information (for example, semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI) ) and / or control information (for example, CQI requests, grants, and / or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and / or control symbols. The transmit processor 214 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (for example, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , or a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) ) and / or synchronization signals (for example, a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signals (SSS) ) .
[0065] The TX MIMO processor 216 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, T output symbol streams) to the set of modems 232. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 232. Each modem 232 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) ) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a time domain downlink signal. The modems 232a through 232t may together transmit a set of downlink signals (for example, T downlink signals) via the corresponding set of antennas 234.
[0066] A downlink signal may include a DCI communication, a MAC control element (MAC-CE) communication, an RRC communication, a downlink reference signal, or another type of downlink communication. Downlink signals may be transmitted on a PDCCH, a PDSCH, and / or on another downlink channel. A downlink signal may carry one or more transport blocks (TBs) of data. A TB may be a unit of data that is transmitted over an air interface in the wireless communication network 100. A data stream (for example, from the data source 212) may be encoded into multiple TBs for transmission over the air interface. The quantity of TBs used to carry the data associated with a particular data stream may be associated with a TB size common to the multiple TBs. The TB size may be based on or otherwise associated with radio channel conditions of the air interface, the MCS used for encoding the data, the downlink resources allocated for transmitting the data, and / or another parameter. In general, the larger the TB size, the greater the amount of data that can be transmitted in a single transmission, which reduces signaling overhead. However, larger TB sizes may be more prone to transmission and / or reception errors than smaller TB sizes, but such errors may be mitigated by more robust error correction techniques.
[0067] For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, uplink signals from the UE 120 may be received by an antenna 234, may be processed by a modem 232 (for example, a demodulator component, shown as DEMOD, of a modem 232) , may be detected by the MIMO detector 236 (for example, a receive (Rx) MIMO processor) if applicable, and / or may be further processed by the receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and / or control information. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 (which may be a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or another type of data sink) and provide the decoded control information to a processor, such as the controller / processor 240.
[0068] The network node 110 may use the scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink or uplink communications. In some aspects, the scheduler 246 may use DCI to dynamically schedule DL transmissions to the UE 120 and / or UL transmissions from the UE 120. In some examples, the scheduler 246 may allocate recurring time domain resources and / or frequency domain resources that the UE 120 may use to transmit and / or receive communications using an RRC configuration (for example, a semi-static configuration) , for example, to perform semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) or to configure a configured grant (CG) for the UE 120.
[0069] One or more of the transmit processor 214, the TX MIMO processor 216, the modem 232, the antenna 234, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, and / or the controller / processor 240 may be included in an RF chain of the network node 110. An RF chain may include one or more filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) , and / or other devices that convert between an analog signal (such as for transmission or reception via an air interface) and a digital signal (such as for processing by one or more processors of the network node 110) . In some aspects, the RF chain may be or may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110.
[0070] In some examples, the network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to communicate with a core network and / or with other network nodes. The communication unit 244 may support wired and / or wireless communication protocols and / or connections, such as Ethernet, optical fiber, common public radio interface (CPRI) , and / or a wired or wireless backhaul, among other examples. The network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to transmit and / or receive data associated with the UE 120 or to perform network control signaling, among other examples. The communication unit 244 may include a transceiver and / or an interface, such as a network interface.
[0071] The UE 120 may include a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a through 252r, where r ≥ 1) , a set of modems 254 (shown as modems 254a through 254u, where u ≥ 1) , a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a data sink 260, a data source 262, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, a controller / processor 280, a memory 282, and / or a communication manager 140, among other examples. One or more of the components of the UE 120 may be included in a housing 284. In some aspects, one or a combination of the antenna (s) 252, the modem (s) 254, the MIMO detector 256, the receive processor 258, the transmit processor 264, or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be included in a transceiver that is included in the UE 120. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller / processor 280, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 282, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, or operations described herein. In some aspects, the UE 120 may include another interface, another communication component, and / or another component that facilitates communication with the network node 110 and / or another UE 120.
[0072] For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the set of antennas 252 may receive the downlink communications or signals from the network node 110 and may provide a set of received downlink signals (for example, R received signals) to the set of modems 254. For example, each received signal may be provided to a respective demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to condition (for example, filter, amplify, downconvert, and / or digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to further demodulate or process the input samples (for example, for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. The MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from the set of modems 254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and may provide detected symbols. The receive processor 258 may process (for example, decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UE 120 to the data sink 260 (which may include a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 120) , and may provide decoded control information and system information to the controller / processor 280.
[0073] For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, the transmit processor 264 may receive and process data ( “uplink data” ) from a data source 262 (such as a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 120) and control information from the controller / processor 280. The control information may include one or more parameters, feedback, one or more signal measurements, and / or other types of control information. In some aspects, the receive processor 258 and / or the controller / processor 280 may determine, for a received signal (such as received from the network node 110 or another UE) , one or more parameters relating to transmission of the uplink communication. The one or more parameters may include a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, a CQI parameter, or a transmit power control (TPC) parameter, among other examples. The control information may include an indication of the RSRP parameter, the RSSI parameter, the RSRQ parameter, the CQI parameter, the TPC parameter, and / or another parameter. The control information may facilitate parameter selection and / or scheduling for the UE 120 by the network node 110.
[0074] The transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals, such as an uplink DMRS, an uplink sounding reference signal (SRS) , and / or another type of reference signal. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by the TX MIMO processor 266, if applicable, and further processed by the set of modems 254 (for example, for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM) . The TX MIMO processor 266 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, U output symbol streams) to the set of modems 254. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 254 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain an uplink signal.
[0075] The modems 254a through 254u may transmit a set of uplink signals (for example, R uplink signals or U uplink symbols) via the corresponding set of antennas 252. An uplink signal may include a UCI communication, a MAC-CE communication, an RRC communication, or another type of uplink communication. Uplink signals may be transmitted on a PUSCH, a PUCCH, and / or another type of uplink channel. An uplink signal may carry one or more TBs of data. Sidelink data and control transmissions (that is, transmissions directly between two or more UEs 120) may generally use similar techniques as were described for uplink data and control transmission, and may use sidelink-specific channels such as a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) , and / or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) .
[0076] One or more antennas of the set of antennas 252 or the set of antennas 234 may include, or may be included within, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, or an antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings) , a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, or one or more antenna elements coupled with one or more transmission or reception components, such as one or more components of Fig. 2. As used herein, “antenna” can refer to one or more antennas, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. “Antenna panel” can refer to a group of antennas (such as antenna elements) arranged in an array or panel, which may facilitate beamforming by manipulating parameters of the group of antennas. “Antenna module” may refer to circuitry including one or more antennas, which may also include one or more other components (such as filters, amplifiers, or processors) associated with integrating the antenna module into a wireless communication device.
[0077] In some examples, each of the antenna elements of an antenna 234 or an antenna 252 may include one or more sub-elements for radiating or receiving radio frequency signals. For example, a single antenna element may include a first sub-element cross-polarized with a second sub-element that can be used to independently transmit cross-polarized signals. The antenna elements may include patch antennas, dipole antennas, and / or other types of antennas arranged in a linear pattern, a two-dimensional pattern, or another pattern. A spacing between antenna elements may be such that signals with a desired wavelength transmitted separately by the antenna elements may interact or interfere constructively and destructively along various directions (such as to form a desired beam) . For example, given an expected range of wavelengths or frequencies, the spacing may provide a quarter wavelength, a half wavelength, or another fraction of a wavelength of spacing between neighboring antenna elements to allow for the desired constructive and destructive interference patterns of signals transmitted by the separate antenna elements within that expected range.
[0078] The amplitudes and / or phases of signals transmitted via antenna elements and / or sub-elements may be modulated and shifted relative to each other (such as by manipulating phase shift, phase offset, and / or amplitude) to generate one or more beams, which is referred to as beamforming. The term “beam” may refer to a directional transmission of a wireless signal toward a receiving device or otherwise in a desired direction. “Beam” may also generally refer to a direction associated with such a directional signal transmission, a set of directional resources associated with the signal transmission (for example, an angle of arrival, a horizontal direction, and / or a vertical direction) , and / or a set of parameters that indicate one or more aspects of a directional signal, a direction associated with the signal, and / or a set of directional resources associated with the signal. In some implementations, antenna elements may be individually selected or deselected for directional transmission of a signal (or signals) by controlling amplitudes of one or more corresponding amplifiers and / or phases of the signal (s) to form one or more beams. The shape of a beam (such as the amplitude, width, and / or presence of side lobes) and / or the direction of a beam (such as an angle of the beam relative to a surface of an antenna array) can be dynamically controlled by modifying the phase shifts, phase offsets, and / or amplitudes of the multiple signals relative to each other.
[0079] Different UEs 120 or network nodes 110 may include different numbers of antenna elements. For example, a UE 120 may include a single antenna element, two antenna elements, four antenna elements, eight antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. As another example, a network node 110 may include eight antenna elements, 24 antenna elements, 64 antenna elements, 128 antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. Generally, a larger number of antenna elements may provide increased control over parameters for beam generation relative to a smaller number of antenna elements, whereas a smaller number of antenna elements may be less complex to implement and may use less power than a larger number of antenna elements. Multiple antenna elements may support multiple-layer transmission, in which a first layer of a communication (which may include a first data stream) and a second layer of a communication (which may include a second data stream) are transmitted using the same time and frequency resources with spatial multiplexing.
[0080] While blocks in Fig. 2 are illustrated as distinct components, the functions described above with respect to the blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combination component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functions described with respect to the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and / or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of the controller / processor 280.
[0081] As indicated above, Fig. 2 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 2.
[0082] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture 300, in accordance with the present disclosure. One or more components of the example disaggregated base station architecture 300 may be, may include, or may be included in one or more network nodes (such one or more network nodes 110) . The disaggregated base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310 that can communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or that can communicate indirectly with the core network 320 via one or more disaggregated control units, such as a Non-RT RIC 350 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 360 and / or a Near-RT RIC 370 (for example, via an E2 link) . The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DUs 330 via respective midhaul links, such as via F1 interfaces. Each of the DUs 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 340 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective RF access links. In some deployments, a UE 120 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 340.
[0083] Each of the components of the disaggregated base station architecture 300, including the CUs 310, the DUs 330, the RUs 340, the Near-RT RICs 370, the Non-RT RICs 350, and the SMO Framework 360, may include one or more interfaces or may be coupled with one or more interfaces for receiving or transmitting signals, such as data or information, via a wired or wireless transmission medium.
[0084] In some aspects, the CU 310 may be logically split into one or more CU user plane (CU-UP) units and one or more CU control plane (CU-CP) units. A CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with a CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 310 may be deployed to communicate with one or more DUs 330, as necessary, for network control and signaling. Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 340. For example, a DU 330 may host various layers, such as an RLC layer, a MAC layer, or one or more PHY layers, such as one or more high PHY layers or one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (which also may be referred to as a module) may be implemented with an interface for communicating signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330, or for communicating signals with the control functions hosted by the CU 310. Each RU 340 may implement lower layer functionality. In some aspects, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330.
[0085] The SMO Framework 360 may support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface, such as an O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface, such as an O2 interface. A virtualized network element may include, but is not limited to, a CU 310, a DU 330, an RU 340, a non-RT RIC 350, and / or a Near-RT RIC 370. In some aspects, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, a 5G NR RAN, and / or a 6G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 380, via an O1 interface. Additionally or alternatively, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 340 via a respective O1 interface. In some deployments, this configuration can enable each DU 330 and the CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0086] The Non-RT RIC 350 may include or may implement a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, AI / ML workflows including model training and updates, and / or policy-based guidance of applications and / or features in the Near-RT RIC 370. The Non-RT RIC 350 may be coupled to or may communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 370. The Near-RT RIC 370 may include or may implement a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions via an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, and / or an O-eNB with the Near-RT RIC 370.
[0087] In some aspects, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 370, the Non-RT RIC 350 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 370 and may be received at the SMO Framework 360 or the Non-RT RIC 350 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 350 or the Near-RT RIC 370 may tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 350 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and may employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO Framework 360 (such as reconfiguration via an O1 interface) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies) .
[0088] The network node 110, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the UE 120, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, the RU 340, or any other component (s) of Figs. 1, 2, or 3 may implement one or more techniques or perform one or more operations associated with message transmissions during a contention-based access, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, any other component (s) of Fig. 2, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 1000 of Fig. 10, process 1100 of Fig. 11, or other processes as described herein (alone or in conjunction with one or more other processors) . The memory 242 may store data and program codes for the network node 110, the network node 110, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340. The memory 282 may store data and program codes for the UE 120. In some examples, the memory 242 or the memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions (for example, code or program code) for wireless communication. The memory 242 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types) . The memory 282 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types) . For example, the set of instructions, when executed (for example, directly, or after compiling, converting, or interpreting) by one or more processors of the network node 110, the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340, may cause the one or more processors to perform process 1000 of Fig. 10, process 1100 of Fig. 11, or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and / or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.
[0089] In some aspects, a first device (e.g., A-IoT device 122) includes means for receiving, by the first device and from a second device, a command associated with a contention-based access; and / or means for transmitting, by the first device and to the second device, in response to the command, a message associated with the contention-based access, wherein the message is transmitted via a dedicated channel or via a D2R channel based at least in part on a resource allocation. In some aspects, the means for the first device to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller / processor 280, or memory 282.
[0090] In some aspects, a second device (e.g., network node 110 or UE 120) includes means for transmitting, by the second device and to a first device, a command associated with a contention-based access; and / or means for receiving, by the second device and from the first device, in response to the command, a message associated with the contention-based access, wherein the message is transmitted via a dedicated channel or via a D2R channel based at least in part on a resource allocation. In some aspects, the means for the second device to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, modem 232, antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, controller / processor 240, memory 242, or scheduler 246. In some aspects, the means for the second device to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller / processor 280, or memory 282.
[0091] As indicated above, Fig. 3 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 3.
[0092] A-IoT devices may be a class of low-complexity devices (e.g., tags or sensors) which may operate on ambient signaling (e.g., incident RF sources) from readers. A-IoT devices may harvest energy from an ambient environment. For an uplink transmission, A-IoT devices may rely on backscattering incident signals to send data to the readers, or A-IoT devices may generate signals themselves. A-IoT devices may depend on various procedures, such as paging, random access, data transmissions, and / or interactions with upper layers. A reader may be a network node or a user equipment (UE)
[0093] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example 400 of A-IoT topologies, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0094] As shown by reference number 402, in a first topology associated with a network-node-based reader, a network node may communicate with an A-IoT device. Alternatively, the network node may communicate with an electronic tag, an energy harvesting device, or a radio frequency identification (RFID) -like tag, instead of the A-IoT device. The network node may function as a reader. The network node may transmit a transmission to the A-IoT device via a reader-to-device (R2D) link. The transmission may be a physical R2D channel (PRDCH) transmission. The A-IoT device may transmit a transmission to the network node via a D2R link. The transmission may be a PDRCH transmission. In this example, the A-IoT device may directly and bidirectionally communicate with the network node, where a communication between the network node and the A-IoT device may include A-IoT data and / or signaling.
[0095] As shown by reference number 404, in a second topology associated with a UE-based reader, the network node may communicate with an intermediate node (e.g., in an uplink direction and / or in a downlink direction) . The intermediate node may be a UE, an IAB node, or a repeater. The intermediate node may be a relaying device. The intermediate node may also function as a reader. The intermediate node may send data to the A-IoT device via an R2D link. The A-IoT device may send data to the intermediate node via a D2R link. In this example, the A-IoT device may communicate bidirectionally with the intermediate node between the A-IoT device and the network node. The intermediate node may be a UE that is capable of A-IoT. The intermediate node may transfer A-IoT data and / or signaling between the network node and the A-IoT device.
[0096] The A-IoT device may be capable of energy harvesting and / or backscatter communications. For example, the A-IoT device may be a UE capable of energy harvesting and / or backscatter communications. The network node or the UE, which may function as the reader, may transmit a carrier wave to the A-IoT device via the R2D link, where the carrier wave may be associated with a continuous wave signal or an NR signal. The A-IoT device may harvest energy from the carrier wave. Further, the A-IoT device may form a backscattered signal based at least in part on the carrier wave received from the network node or the UE. The backscattered signal may be transmitted to the network node or the UE via the D2R link.
[0097] As indicated above, Fig. 4 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 4.
[0098] A-IoT may support a first device type, a second device type, or a third device type. The first device type (device 1) may be associated with an approximately one μW peak power consumption, energy storage, an initial sampling frequency offset of up to 10X parts per million (ppm) , and neither a downlink nor an uplink application, where X is a predefined value. A first device’s uplink transmission may be backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally. The second device type (device 2a) may be associated with a less than or equal to a few hundred μW power peak consumption, energy storage, an initial sampling frequency offset of up to 10X ppm, and both downlink and uplink amplification. A second device’s uplink transmission may be backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally. The third device type (device 2b) may be associated with a less than or equal to a few hundred μW power peak consumption, energy storage, an initial sampling frequency offset of up to 10X ppm, and both downlink and uplink amplification. A third device’s uplink transmission may be generated internally by the second device.
[0099] For an R2D, an applicable physical channel may be a PRDCH. The PRDCH may carry a higher-layer payload. The PRDCH may carry layer 1 (L1) R2D control information. An A-IoT device behavior for receiving a PRDCH transmission may be defined. For a D2R, a PDRCH may carry a higher-layer payload. The PDRCH may carry L1 D2R control information. The PDRCH may carry a response. A time-domain multiple access may be used for D2R transmissions. A frequency-domain multiple access may be used for D2R transmissions, which may be based at least in part on utilizing a small frequency-shift in baseband. A code-domain multiple access may be for D2R transmissions.
[0100] An A-IoT contention-based access procedure initiated by a reader may be used when a response is expected from multiple A-IoT devices that are intended to be identified. A slotted-ALOHA based access may be used for the A-IoT contention-based access procedure. For A-IoT devices, a dedicated physical broadcast channel for R2D, such as a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) -like channel, may not be utilized.
[0101] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 of a four-step A-IoT access, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 5, example 500 includes communication between a first device (e.g., A-IoT device 122) and a second device (e.g., network node 110 or UE 120) . The first device may be an A-IoT device and the second device may be a reader.
[0102] As shown by reference number 502, as part of a four-step A-IoT access, the first device may receive an initial trigger message (A-IoT Msg0) from the second device. As shown by reference number 504, the first device may transmit an A-IoT access message (A-IoT Msg1) to the second device. The A-IoT access message may indicate a random ID. The first device may generate the random ID. For example, the first device may randomly generate the random ID, or the first device may generate the random ID based at least in part on a device ID. The random ID may be associated with an ID size. As shown by reference number 506, the second device may transmit an access response (A-IoT Msg2) to the first device. The second device may echo the random ID that was received in the A-IoT access message.
[0103] As shown by reference number 508, the first device may transmit an A-IoT response (A-IoT Msg3) to the second device. The A-IoT response may be a D2R transmission. The A-IoT response may indicate the device ID and / or A-IoT data. The first device may transmit the device ID and / or any other upper layer data depending on an upper layer request. The first device may consider a contention resolution to be successful when the access response (A-IoT Msg2) includes the same random ID as compared to the A-IoT access message (A-IoT Msg1) . A size of the random ID in the A-IoT access message may be sufficient for contention resolution purposes. As shown by reference number 510, the first device may receive a subsequent R2D transmission (A-IoT Msg4) from the second device (optional) . For example, the subsequent R2D transmission may indicate an acknowledgement (ACK) , a failure indication, or a next trigger. The subsequent R2D transmission may be a transmission that occurs after the D2R transmission. The subsequent R2D transmission may not always need to be sent in random access. The subsequent R2D transmission may be considered to handle a D2R transmission failure (e.g., Msg3 failure) . In one example, in a next round of A-IoT access, A-IoT Msg1, A-IoT, Msg2, A-IoT Msg3, and / or A-IoT Msg4 may be repeated between the first device and the second device.
[0104] As indicated above, Fig. 5 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 5.
[0105] In a contention-based access, in step 0 (e.g., A-IoT Msg0) , a reader (e.g., a network node or a UE) may transmit a command (e.g., query) to indicate a specific A-IoT device to respond. When a contention-based access procedure is interleaved among different readers, the reader may also indicate its own ID. In step 1 (e.g., A-IoT Msg1) , the A-IoT device may transmit a response based at least in part on a reader indication. Since the reader may be unaware of a number of A-IoT devices in that area, the A-IoT device may select different frequency shifts to transmit the response. The A-IoT device may transmit the response using orthogonal sequences, e.g., Hadamard sequences, to reduce a likelihood of a collision. In step 2 (e.g., A-IoT Msg2) , the reader may indicate a received sequence and a corresponding frequency shift to the A-IoT device. When the contention-based access procedure is interleaved among the different readers, the reader may also indicate its own ID and a message index. In step 3 (e.g., A-IoT Msg3) , the A-IoT device, whose transmitted information may match information indicated by the reader, may transmit device / group ID related information to the reader for a contention resolution. In step 4 (e.g., A-IoT Msg4) , the reader may identify the A-IoT device based at least in part on received information. In some cases, the contention-based access may be based at least in part on two steps or three steps.
[0106] In an NR system, code domain multiple access may be used, and a dedicated channel may be used for a message 1 (Msg1) transmission. In an A-IoT system, an A-IoT device may transmit, to a reader (e.g., a network node or a UE) , a message (e.g., A-IoT Msg1) to indicate a requirement to access the reader. In one example, the A-IoT device may randomly generate a few bits and transmit the bits to the reader, where a number of random bits may be much smaller than a control or data payload size. In another example, code domain based multiple access may be used. For example, multiple sequences may be configured and the A-IoT may select one of the sequences as a Msg1 transmission. However, when the Msg1 transmission shares the same channel as control and data, and when the few bits are randomly generated and transmitted to the reader, an overhead such as a preamble or a CRC may be relatively large due to a relatively smaller payload of the Msg1 transmission. Further, when the Msg1 transmission shares the same channel as control and data, code domain based multiple access may not be able to attach the CRC and / or the preamble may not be needed. Thus, when such approaches are used by the A-IoT device to transmit the Msg1 transmission to indicate the requirement to access the wireless network, an overall system performance may be degraded.
[0107] In various aspects of techniques and apparatuses described herein, a first device (e.g., an A-IoT device) may receive, from a second device (e.g., a network node or a UE) , a command associated with a contention-based access. The command may be associated with a Msg0 transmission. The first device may transmit, to the second device and in response to the command, a message associated with the contention-based access. The message may be associated with a Msg1 transmission. The first device may transmit the message via a dedicated channel or via a D2R channel based at least in part on a resource allocation. The D2R channel may be a PDRCH. In some aspects, when the dedicated channel is used, the message may be a sequence-based message or a payload-based message. The dedicated channel may be configured to convey message information, the dedicated channel may be configured to convey a preamble and message information, or the dedicated channel may be configured to convey a preamble, message information, and a CRC. In some aspects, when the D2R channel is used, the message and control information conveyed over the D2R channel may be associated with a same format, or the message and data conveyed over the D2R channel may be associated with a same format. Alternatively, the message may be associated with a first format, control information and data conveyed over the D2R channel may be associated with a second format, and the first format may be different from the second format. In some aspects, the resource allocation may be based at least in part on a definition of supported sequences and corresponding indexes. Alternatively, for the resource allocation, a set of resources may be defined for transmitting the message, and the command may indicate a resource set identifier, of a resource in the set of resources, for transmitting the message. Alternatively, the command may dynamically indicate a resource that is available to be used for transmitting the message.
[0108] In some aspects, by configuring the message (e.g., the Msg1 transmission) to be transmitted via the dedicated channel or via the PDRCH based at least in part on the resource allocation, the described techniques can be used to improve message transmissions in a contention-based access procedure. The first device and / or the second device may utilize the dedicated channel or the PDRCH, along with the resource allocation, for conveying the message during the contention-based access procedure. When the dedicated channel is used to convey the message, an overhead (e.g., preamble and / or CRC) associated with the message may be reduced, as compared to when a shared channel is used. When the PDRCH is used to convey the message, different formats for the message versus control / data may be utilized to reduce the overhead, as compared to when different formats are not used for the PDRCH. Further, the resource allocation may allow the first device to select appropriate resources to transmit the message, where the resources may be based at least in part on the command. As a result, by configuring the message to be transmitted via the dedicated channel or via the PDRCH based at least in part on the resource allocation, an overall system performance may be improved.
[0109] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example 600 associated with message transmissions during a contention-based access, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 6, example 600 includes communication between a first device (e.g., A-IoT device 122) and a second device (e.g., network node 110 or UE 120) . The first device may be an A-IoT device and the second device may be a reader.
[0110] As shown by reference number 602, the first device may receive, from a second device, a command associated with a contention-based access. The command may be associated with a Msg0 transmission (also referred to as Msg. 0) . The command may be associated with an initial trigger message.
[0111] As shown by reference number 604, the first device may transmit, to the second device and in response to the command, a message associated with the contention-based access. The first device may transmit the message via a dedicated channel or via a D2R channel based at least in part on a resource allocation. The message may be associated with a Msg1 transmission (also referred to as Msg. 1) . In other words, the first device may transmit the Msg1 transmission, in response to the command, where the Msg1 transmission may be transmitted via the dedicated channel or via the D2R channel based at least in part on the resource allocation. The D2R channel may be a PDRCH.
[0112] In some aspects, the message may be a sequence-based message or a payload-based message. In some aspects, the dedicated channel may be configured to convey message information. In some aspects, the dedicated channel may be configured to convey a preamble and message information. In some aspects, the dedicated channel may be configured to convey a preamble, message information, and a CRC. In some aspects, the message may be associated with a message format, where different formats may be defined for different device types.
[0113] In some aspects, the dedicated channel may be defined for the Msg1 transmission, where the Msg1 transmission may be a transmission from the first device to the second device, and where the Msg1 transmission may be associated with an access (e.g., the contention-based access) . The dedicated channel may support sequence-based transmissions or payload-based transmissions. For example, the Msg1 transmission may be a sequence-based transmission or a payload-based transmission (e.g., as shown in Fig. 7) .
[0114] In some aspects, in a first structure of the dedicated channel, the dedicated channel may be able to convey the Msg1 transmission (e.g., Msg1 information or sequence-based information) . In some aspects, in a second structure of the dedicated channel, the dedicated channel may be able to convey the preamble and the Msg1 transmission. The preamble that is associated with the Msg1 transmission may be the same as a preamble used for a PDRCH. Alternatively, the preamble that is associated with the Msg1 transmission may be different than the preamble used for the PDRCH. In this case, the preamble that is associated with the Msg1 transmission may be a new preamble for the Msg1 transmission, or the preamble that is associated with the Msg1 transmission may be a compact version of the preamble used for the PDRCH. A limit length may be imposed on the Msg1 transmission to reduce a signaling overhead. In some aspects, in a third structure of the dedicated channel, the dedicated channel may be able to convey the preamble, the Msg1 transmission, and the CRC.
[0115] In some aspects, the dedicated channel may have a separate CRC, a separate coding rate, a separate data rate, and / or a separate scrambling, as compared to the PDRCH. When the Msg1 transmission is the sequence-based transmission, a CRC, coding, and / or scrambling may not be needed.
[0116] In some aspects, multiple formats of a physical channel may be defined for the Msg1 transmission. For example, a format of physical channel may be introduced for a first device type (e.g., device 1) with poor timing may be preconfigured to use a preamble and a Msg1 sequence, whereas a second / third format of physical channel may be introduced for a second / third device type (e.g., device 2a / 2b) with good timing may be preconfigured to use a Msg1 sequence with no additional preamble.
[0117] In some aspects, the Msg1 transmission and control information conveyed over the D2R channel may be associated with a same format. In some aspects, the Msg1 transmission and data conveyed over the D2R channel may be associated with a same format. In some aspects, the Msg1 transmission may be associated with a first format, where control information and / or data conveyed over the D2R channel may be associated with a second format, and the first format may be different from the second format. In some aspects, a PDRCH format associated with the Msg1 transmission may have no CRC, a shorter CRC length, or a same CRC length as a PDRCH format associated with data or control information. In some aspects, a PDRCH format associated with the Msg1 transmission may have a fixed coding rate and modulation, or the PDRCH format associated with the Msg1 transmission may have a different coding rate and modulation as compared to a PDRCH format associated with data or control information. In some aspects, a PDRCH format associated with the Msg1 transmission may have no scrambling, or the PDRCH format associated with the Msg1 transmission may have a different scrambling as compared to a PDRCH format associated with data or control information.
[0118] In some aspects, the Msg1 transmission may be carried in a PDRCH. In some aspects, when the Msg1 transmission is carried in the PDRCH, the Msg1 transmission may share a same format as control information. In some aspects, when the Msg1 transmission is carried in the PDRCH, the Msg1 transmission may share a same format as data. In some aspects, when the Msg1 transmission is carried in the PDRCH, the Msg1 transmission may be associated with a different format as compared to the control information and the data.
[0119] In some aspects, when the different format (or dedicated format) and / or a preamble for the Msg1 transmission is used, the different format may be based at least in part on a CRC, a coding rate, and / or a modulation. In some aspects, the PDRCH format which is for the Msg1 transmission may have no CRC, a shorter CRC length, or a same CRC length as a PDRCH format which is for data. In some aspects, the PDRCH format which is for the Msg1 transmission may have no CRC, a shorter CRC length, or a same CRC length as a PDRCH format which is for control. In some aspects, the PDRCH format which is for the Msg1 transmission may have a same / different coding rate and modulation as a PDRCH format which is for data / control. For example, a PDRCH format which is for the Msg1 transmission may only have a fixed coding / data rate and modulation, or a PDRCH format which is for the Msg1 transmission may be scheduled (e.g., via the Msg1 transmission) with a different coding / data rate and modulation. Further, a PDRCH format for the Msg1 transmission may have a different / same scrambling or no scrambling as compared to a PDRCH format which is for control / data.
[0120] In some aspects, multiple formats may be defined for the Msg1 transmission. For example, a first device type (e.g., device 1) with poor timing may be preconfigured to use a preamble and a Msg1 sequence, whereas a second / third device type (e.g., device 2a / 2b) with good timing may be preconfigured to use a Msg1 sequence with no additional preamble.
[0121] In some aspects, the resource allocation may be based at least in part on a definition of supported sequences and corresponding indexes. A sequence may be randomly selected from a predefined candidate set of sequences, or the sequence may be randomly selected from a set of supported sequences associated with a supported sequence index. In some aspects, the resource allocation may be based at least in part on a mapping between the command and a resource used to transmit the message. A time gap may be predefined between a starting transmission time of the message and an end of a reception time of the command. A chip rate to transmit the message and a number of bits to transmit the message may be predefined. A supported frequency range or frequency shift may be predefined. In some aspects, a set of resources may be defined to transmit the message, and the command may indicate a resource set identifier, of a resource in the set of resources, to transmit the message. In some aspects, the command may dynamically indicate a resource that is available to be used to transmit the message.
[0122] In some aspects, a resource allocation for the Msg1 transmission may be defined, depending on whether the Msg1 transmission is the sequence-based transmission or the payload-based transmission. In some aspects, when the Msg1 transmission is the sequence-based transmission, the resource allocation may be based at least in part on a predefinition of a supported sequence and a corresponding index. The first device may randomly select a sequence from a predefined candidate set of sequences. Alternatively, the second device may dynamically indicate a supported sequence index and the first device may randomly select a sequence from the indicated sequences.
[0123] In some aspects, when the Msg1 transmission is the payload-based transmission, the first device may randomly generate a number of bits for Msg1 information. In some aspects, the resource allocation may be based at least in part on a predefinition of a mapping between a message such as an inventory triggering message (e.g., Msg0) and a resource used for the Msg1 transmission (e.g., as shown in Fig. 9) . The time gap may be predefined between a starting time of the Msg1 transmission and an ending reception time of the Msg0 transmission. The chip rate for the Msg1 transmission and a number of bits for the Msg1 transmission may be predefined. A supported frequency range or frequency shifts may be predefined. A frequency range may be defined as a frequency offset between a Msg0 frequency and a Msg1 frequency. A required received R2D power for each frequency shift or each set of frequency shifts (power binning based Msg1 transmission) may be defined.
[0124] In some aspects, when the Msg1 transmission is the payload-based transmission, when the Msg1 transmission is the payload-based transmission, the set of resources may be defined for the Msg1 transmission. A Msg0 transmission may dynamically indicate one or more resources, from the set of resource, that are available to be used by the first device for the Msg1 transmission, where the first device may then select a resource from the one or more resources (e.g., as shown in Fig. 9) . Alternatively, the Msg0 transmission may dynamically indicate a resource to be used for the Msg1 transmission. In some aspects, a Msg0 transmission may dynamically indicate a resource to be used for the Msg1 transmission.
[0125] As indicated above, Fig. 6 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 6.
[0126] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example 700 associated with message transmissions during a contention-based access, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0127] As shown by reference number 702, a first device (e.g., A-IoT device 122) may transmit a Msg1 transmission to a second device (e.g., network node 110 or UE 120) . The Msg1 transmission may be a sequence-based transmission. The Msg1 transmission may be conveyed over a physical D2R access channel (PDRACH) . The PDRACH may be a PDRACH format 0 when the first device is associated with a first device type (e.g., device 1) . The PDRACH may be a PDRACH format 1 when the first device is associated with a second / third device type (e.g., device 2a / 2b) .
[0128] As shown by reference number 704, a first device (e.g., A-IoT device 122) may transmit a Msg1 transmission to a second device (e.g., network node 110 or UE 120) . The Msg1 transmission may be a payload-based transmission. The Msg1 transmission may be conveyed over a PDRACH. The Msg1 transmission may be transmitted over the PDRACH based at least in part on a CRC attachment, a scrambling, a line code, and a modulation. The CRC attachment and the scrambling associated with the PDRACH may be different from a CRC attachment and a scrambling associated with a PDRCH for D2R control / data. The CRC attachment and the scrambling associated with the PDRACH may be the same as a line code and modulation associated with the PDRCH for D2R control / data.
[0129] As indicated above, Fig. 7 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 7.
[0130] Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example 800 associated with message transmissions during a contention-based access, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0131] As shown by reference number 802, a first device (e.g., A-IoT device 122) may transmit a Msg1 transmission to a second device (e.g., network node 110 or UE 120) . The Msg1 transmission may be a sequence-based transmission. The Msg1 transmission may be conveyed over a PDRCH (e.g., PDRCH format 0) . The PDRCH may be a PDRCH format 0A when the first device is associated with a first device type (e.g., device 1) . The PDRCH may be a PDRCH format 0B when the first device is associated with a second / third device type (e.g., device 2a / 2b) .
[0132] As shown by reference number 804, a first device (e.g., A-IoT device 122) may transmit a Msg1 transmission to a second device (e.g., network node 110 or UE 120) . The Msg1 transmission may be a payload-based transmission. The Msg1 transmission may be conveyed over a PDRCH (e.g., PDRCH format 0) . The Msg1 transmission may be transmitted over the PDRCH based at least in part on a CRC attachment, a scrambling, a line code, and a modulation. The CRC attachment and the scrambling associated with the PDRCH format 0 may be different from a CRC attachment and a scrambling associated with a PDRCH format 1 / 2 for D2R control / data. The CRC attachment and the scrambling associated with the PDRCH may be the same as a line code and modulation associated with the PDRCH format 1 / 2 for D2R control / data.
[0133] As indicated above, Fig. 8 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 8.
[0134] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example 900 associated with message transmissions during a contention-based access, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0135] As shown by reference number 902, a first device (e.g., A-IoT device 122) may receive a Msg0 transmission from a second device (e.g., network node 110 or UE 120) . The first device may transmit, to the second device, a Msg1 transmission using a defined resource, where the resource may be in accordance with a resource allocation. The resource allocation may be based at least in part on a predefinition of a mapping between the Msg0 transmission and the resource used for the Msg1 transmission.
[0136] As shown by reference number 904, a first device (e.g., A-IoT device 122) may receive a Msg0 transmission from a second device (e.g., network node 110 or UE 120) . The Msg0 transmission may dynamically indicate one or more resources, from a set of resource, that are available to be used by the first device for a Msg1 transmission. The first device may then select a resource from the one or more resources. The first device may transmit, to the second device, the Msg1 transmission using the selected resource.
[0137] As indicated above, Fig. 9 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 9.
[0138] Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1000 performed, for example, at a first device or an apparatus of a first device, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1000 is an example where the apparatus or the first device (e.g., A-IoT device 122) performs operations associated with message transmissions during a contention-based access.
[0139] As shown in Fig. 10, in some aspects, process 1000 may include receiving, from a second device, a command associated with a contention-based access (block 1010) . For example, the first device (e.g., using reception component 1202 and / or communication manager 1206, depicted in Fig. 12) may receive, from a second device, a command associated with a contention-based access, as described above.
[0140] As further shown in Fig. 10, in some aspects, process 1000 may include transmitting, to the second device, in response to the command, a message associated with the contention-based access, wherein the message is transmitted via a dedicated channel or via a D2R channel based at least in part on a resource allocation (block 1020) . For example, the first device (e.g., using transmission component 1204 and / or communication manager 1206, depicted in Fig. 12) may transmit, to the second device, in response to the command, a message associated with the contention-based access, wherein the message is transmitted via a dedicated channel or via a D2R channel based at least in part on a resource allocation, as described above.
[0141] Process 1000 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0142] In a first aspect, the command is associated with a Msg0 transmission, the message is associated with a Msg1 transmission, and the D2R channel is a PDRCH.
[0143] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the message is a sequence-based message or a payload-based message.
[0144] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the dedicated channel is configured to convey message information.
[0145] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the dedicated channel is configured to convey a preamble and message information.
[0146] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the dedicated channel is configured to convey a preamble, message information, and a CRC.
[0147] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the message is associated with a message format, and different formats are defined for different device types.
[0148] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the message and control information conveyed over the D2R channel are associated with a same format.
[0149] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the message and data conveyed over the D2R channel are associated with a same format.
[0150] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the message is associated with a first format, control information and data conveyed over the D2R channel are associated with a second format, and the first format is different from the second format.
[0151] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, a PDRCH format associated with the message has no CRC, a shorter CRC length, or a same CRC length as a PDRCH format associated with data or control information.
[0152] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, a PDRCH format associated with the message has a fixed coding rate and modulation, or the PDRCH format associated with the message has a different coding rate and modulation as compared to a PDRCH format associated with data or control information.
[0153] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, a PDRCH format associated with the message has no scrambling, or the PDRCH format associated with the message has a different scrambling as compared to a PDRCH format associated with data or control information.
[0154] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, the resource allocation is based at least in part on a definition of supported sequences and corresponding indexes, wherein a sequence is randomly selected from a predefined candidate set of sequences, or the sequence is randomly selected from a set of supported sequences associated with a supported sequence index.
[0155] In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, the resource allocation is based at least in part on a mapping between the command and a resource used for transmitting the message, a time gap is predefined between a starting transmission time of the message and an end of a reception time of the command, a chip rate for transmitting the message and a number of bits for transmitting the message are predefined, and a supported frequency range or frequency shift is predefined.
[0156] In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, a set of resources are defined for transmitting the message, and the command indicates a resource set identifier, of a resource in the set of resources, for transmitting the message.
[0157] In a sixteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifteenth aspects, the command dynamically indicates a resource that is available to be used for transmitting the message.
[0158] In a seventeenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixteenth aspects, the first device is an A-IoT device, the second device is a reader, and the second device is a network node or a UE.
[0159] Although Fig. 10 shows example blocks of process 1000, in some aspects, process 1000 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 10. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1000 may be performed in parallel.
[0160] Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1100 performed, for example, at a second device or an apparatus of a second device, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1100 is an example where the apparatus or the second device (e.g., network node 110 or UE 120) performs operations associated with message transmissions during a contention-based access.
[0161] As shown in Fig. 11, in some aspects, process 1100 may include transmitting, to a first device, a command associated with a contention-based access (block 1110) . For example, the second device (e.g., using transmission component 1304 and / or communication manager 1306, depicted in Fig. 13) may transmit, to a first device, a command associated with a contention-based access, as described above.
[0162] As further shown in Fig. 11, in some aspects, process 1100 may include receiving, from the first device, in response to the command, a message associated with the contention-based access, wherein the message is transmitted via a dedicated channel or via a D2R channel based at least in part on a resource allocation (block 1120) . For example, the second device (e.g., using reception component 1302 and / or communication manager 1306, depicted in Fig. 13) may receive, from the first device, in response to the command, a message associated with the contention-based access, wherein the message is transmitted via a dedicated channel or via a D2R channel based at least in part on a resource allocation, as described above.
[0163] Process 1100 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0164] In a first aspect, the command is associated with a Msg0 transmission, the message is associated with a Msg1 transmission, and the D2R channel is a PDRCH.
[0165] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the message is a sequence-based message or a payload-based message.
[0166] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the dedicated channel is configured to convey message information.
[0167] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the dedicated channel is configured to convey a preamble and message information.
[0168] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the dedicated channel is configured to convey a preamble, message information, and a CRC.
[0169] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the message is associated with a message format, and different formats are defined for different device types.
[0170] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the message and control information conveyed over the D2R channel are associated with a same format.
[0171] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the message and data conveyed over the D2R channel are associated with a same format.
[0172] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the message is associated with a first format, control information and data conveyed over the D2R channel are associated with a second format, and the first format is different from the second format.
[0173] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, a PDRCH format associated with the message has no CRC, a shorter CRC length, or a same CRC length as a PDRCH format associated with data or control information.
[0174] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, a PDRCH format associated with the message has a fixed coding rate and modulation, or the PDRCH format associated with the message has a different coding rate and modulation as compared to a PDRCH format associated with data or control information.
[0175] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, a PDRCH format associated with the message has no scrambling, or the PDRCH format associated with the message has a different scrambling as compared to a PDRCH format associated with data or control information.
[0176] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, the resource allocation is based at least in part on a definition of supported sequences and corresponding indexes, wherein a sequence is randomly selected from a predefined candidate set of sequences, or the sequence is randomly selected from a set of supported sequences associated with a supported sequence index.
[0177] In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, the resource allocation is based at least in part on a mapping between the command and a resource used for transmitting the message, a time gap is predefined between a starting transmission time of the message and an end of a reception time of the command, a chip rate for transmitting the message and a number of bits for transmitting the message are predefined, and a supported frequency range or frequency shift is predefined.
[0178] In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, a set of resources are defined for transmitting the message, and the command indicates a resource set identifier, of a resource in the set of resources, for transmitting the message.
[0179] In a sixteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifteenth aspects, the command dynamically indicates a resource that is available to be used for transmitting the message.
[0180] In a seventeenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixteenth aspects, the first device is an A-IoT device, the second device is a reader, and the second device is a network node or a UE.
[0181] Although Fig. 11 shows example blocks of process 1100, in some aspects, process 1100 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 11. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1100 may be performed in parallel.
[0182] Fig. 12 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1200 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1200 may be a first device, or a first device may include the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 includes a reception component 1202, a transmission component 1204, and / or a communication manager 1206, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1206 is the communication manager 140 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 1200 may communicate with another apparatus 1208, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1202 and the transmission component 1204.
[0183] In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 6-9. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1200 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1000 of Fig. 10, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 12 may include one or more components of the first device described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 12 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0184] The reception component 1202 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1208. The reception component 1202 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the reception component 1202 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the reception component 1202 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the first device described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
[0185] The transmission component 1204 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1200 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1204 for transmission to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the first device described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may be co-located with the reception component 1202 in one or more transceivers.
[0186] The communication manager 1206 may support operations of the reception component 1202 and / or the transmission component 1204. For example, the communication manager 1206 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1202 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1204. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1206 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1202 and / or the transmission component 1204 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0187] The reception component 1202 may receive, from a second device, a command associated with a contention-based access. The transmission component 1204 may transmit, to the second device, in response to the command, a message associated with the contention-based access, wherein the message is transmitted via a dedicated channel or via a D2R channel based at least in part on a resource allocation.
[0188] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 12 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 12. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 12 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 12 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 12 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 12.
[0189] Fig. 13 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1300 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1300 may be a second device, or a second device may include the apparatus 1300. In some aspects, the apparatus 1300 includes a reception component 1302, a transmission component 1304, and / or a communication manager 1306, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1306 is the communication manager 150 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 1300 may communicate with another apparatus 1308, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1302 and the transmission component 1304.
[0190] In some aspects, the apparatus 1300 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 6-9. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1300 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1100 of Fig. 11, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatus 1300 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 13 may include one or more components of the second device described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 13 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0191] The reception component 1302 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1308. The reception component 1302 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1300. In some aspects, the reception component 1302 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1300. In some aspects, the reception component 1302 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the second device described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
[0192] The transmission component 1304 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1308. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1300 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1304 for transmission to the apparatus 1308. In some aspects, the transmission component 1304 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1308. In some aspects, the transmission component 1304 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the second device described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1304 may be co-located with the reception component 1302 in one or more transceivers.
[0193] The communication manager 1306 may support operations of the reception component 1302 and / or the transmission component 1304. For example, the communication manager 1306 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1302 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1304. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1306 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1302 and / or the transmission component 1304 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0194] The transmission component 1304 may transmit, to a first device, a command associated with a contention-based access. The reception component 1302 may receive, from the first device, in response to the command, a message associated with the contention-based access, wherein the message is transmitted via a dedicated channel or via a D2R channel based at least in part on a resource allocation.
[0195] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 13 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 13. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 13 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 13 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 13 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 13.
[0196] The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:
[0197] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a first device, comprising: receiving, by the first device and from a second device, a command associated with a contention-based access; and transmitting, by the first device and to the second device, in response to the command, a message associated with the contention-based access, wherein the message is transmitted via a dedicated channel or via a device-to-reader (D2R) channel based at least in part on a resource allocation.
[0198] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the command is associated with a message 0 (Msg0) transmission, the message is associated with a message 1 (Msg1) transmission, and the D2R channel is a physical D2R channel (PDRCH) .
[0199] Aspect 3: The method of any of Aspects 1-2, wherein the message is a sequence-based message or a payload-based message.
[0200] Aspect 4: The method of any of Aspects 1-3, wherein the dedicated channel is configured to convey message information.
[0201] Aspect 5: The method of any of Aspects 1-4, wherein the dedicated channel is configured to convey a preamble and message information.
[0202] Aspect 6: The method of any of Aspects 1-5, wherein the dedicated channel is configured to convey a preamble, message information, and a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) .
[0203] Aspect 7: The method of any of Aspects 1-6, wherein the message is associated with a message format, wherein different formats are defined for different device types.
[0204] Aspect 8: The method of any of Aspects 1-7, wherein the message and control information conveyed over the D2R channel are associated with a same format.
[0205] Aspect 9: The method of any of Aspects 1-8, wherein the message and data conveyed over the D2R channel are associated with a same format.
[0206] Aspect 10: The method of any of Aspects 1-9, wherein the message is associated with a first format, wherein control information and data conveyed over the D2R channel are associated with a second format, and wherein the first format is different from the second format.
[0207] Aspect 11: The method of any of Aspects 1-10, wherein a PDRCH format associated with the message has no cyclic redundancy check (CRC) , a shorter CRC length, or a same CRC length as a PDRCH format associated with data or control information.
[0208] Aspect 12: The method of any of Aspects 1-11, wherein a PDRCH format associated with the message has a fixed coding rate and modulation, or wherein the PDRCH format associated with the message has a different coding rate and modulation as compared to a PDRCH format associated with data or control information.
[0209] Aspect 13: The method of any of Aspects 1-12, wherein a PDRCH format associated with the message has no scrambling, or wherein the PDRCH format associated with the message has a different scrambling as compared to a PDRCH format associated with data or control information.
[0210] Aspect 14: The method of any of Aspects 1-13, wherein the resource allocation is based at least in part on a definition of supported sequences and corresponding indexes, wherein a sequence is randomly selected from a predefined candidate set of sequences, or the sequence is randomly selected from a set of supported sequences associated with a supported sequence index.
[0211] Aspect 15: The method of any of Aspects 1-14, wherein the resource allocation is based at least in part on a mapping between the command and a resource used for transmitting the message, wherein a time gap is predefined between a starting transmission time of the message and an end of a reception time of the command, wherein a chip rate for transmitting the message and a number of bits for transmitting the message are predefined, and wherein a supported frequency range or frequency shift is predefined.
[0212] Aspect 16: The method of any of Aspects 1-15, wherein a set of resources are defined for transmitting the message, and wherein the command indicates a resource set identifier, of a resource in the set of resources, for transmitting the message.
[0213] Aspect 17: The method of any of Aspects 1-16, wherein the command dynamically indicates a resource that is available to be used for transmitting the message.
[0214] Aspect 18: The method of any of Aspects 1-17, wherein the first device is an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) device, wherein the second device is a reader, and wherein the second device is a network node or a user equipment (UE) .
[0215] Aspect 19: A method of wireless communication performed by a second device, comprising: transmitting, by the second device and to a first device, a command associated with a contention-based access; and receiving, by the second device and from the first device, in response to the command, a message associated with the contention-based access, wherein the message is transmitted via a dedicated channel or via a device-to-reader (D2R) channel based at least in part on a resource allocation.
[0216] Aspect 20: The method of Aspect 19, wherein the command is associated with a message 0 (Msg0) transmission, the message is associated with a message 1 (Msg1) transmission, and the D2R channel is a physical D2R channel (PDRCH) .
[0217] Aspect 21: The method of any of Aspects 19-20, wherein the message is a sequence-based message or a payload-based message.
[0218] Aspect 22: The method of any of Aspects 19-21, wherein the dedicated channel is configured to convey message information.
[0219] Aspect 23: The method of any of Aspects 19-22, wherein the dedicated channel is configured to convey a preamble and message information.
[0220] Aspect 24: The method of any of Aspects 19-23, wherein the dedicated channel is configured to convey a preamble, message information, and a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) .
[0221] Aspect 25: The method of any of Aspects 19-24, wherein the message is associated with a message format, wherein different formats are defined for different device types.
[0222] Aspect 26: The method of any of Aspects 19-25, wherein the message and control information conveyed over the D2R channel are associated with a same format.
[0223] Aspect 27: The method of any of Aspects 19-26, wherein the message and data conveyed over the D2R channel are associated with a same format.
[0224] Aspect 28: The method of any of Aspects 19-27, wherein the message is associated with a first format, wherein control information and data conveyed over the D2R channel are associated with a second format, and wherein the first format is different from the second format.
[0225] Aspect 29: The method of any of Aspects 19-28, wherein a PDRCH format associated with the message has no cyclic redundancy check (CRC) , a shorter CRC length, or a same CRC length as a PDRCH format associated with data or control information.
[0226] Aspect 30: The method of any of Aspects 19-29, wherein a PDRCH format associated with the message has a fixed coding rate and modulation, or wherein the PDRCH format associated with the message has a different coding rate and modulation as compared to a PDRCH format associated with data or control information.
[0227] Aspect 31: The method of any of Aspects 19-30, wherein a PDRCH format associated with the message has no scrambling, or wherein the PDRCH format associated with the message has a different scrambling as compared to a PDRCH format associated with data or control information.
[0228] Aspect 32: The method of any of Aspects 19-31, wherein the resource allocation is based at least in part on a definition of supported sequences and corresponding indexes, wherein a sequence is randomly selected from a predefined candidate set of sequences, or the sequence is randomly selected from a set of supported sequences associated with a supported sequence index.
[0229] Aspect 33: The method of any of Aspects 19-32, wherein the resource allocation is based at least in part on a mapping between the command and a resource used for transmitting the message, wherein a time gap is predefined between a starting transmission time of the message and an end of a reception time of the command, wherein a chip rate for transmitting the message and a number of bits for transmitting the message are predefined, and wherein a supported frequency range or frequency shift is predefined.
[0230] Aspect 34: The method of any of Aspects 19-33, wherein a set of resources are defined for transmitting the message, and wherein the command indicates a resource set identifier, of a resource in the set of resources, for transmitting the message.
[0231] Aspect 35: The method of any of Aspects 19-34, wherein the command dynamically indicates a resource that is available to be used for transmitting the message.
[0232] Aspect 36: The method of any of Aspects 19-35, wherein the first device is an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) device, wherein the second device is a reader, and wherein the second device is a network node or a user equipment (UE) .
[0233] Aspect 37: A method of wireless communication performed by a first device, comprising: receiving, by the first device and from a second device, a command associated with a contention-based access; and transmitting, by the first device and to the second device, in response to the command, a message 1 (Msg1) associated with the contention-based access, wherein the Msg1 is transmitted via a physical device-to-reader (D2R) channel (PDRCH) based at least in part on a resource allocation.
[0234] Aspect 38: The method of Aspect 37, wherein the Msg1 is a payload-based message.
[0235] Aspect 39: The method of any of Aspects 37-38, wherein a preamble is used for the Msg1.
[0236] Aspect 40: The method of any of Aspects 37-39, wherein the Msg1 has a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) .
[0237] Aspect 41: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-40.
[0238] Aspect 42: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-40.
[0239] Aspect 43: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-40.
[0240] Aspect 44: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-40.
[0241] Aspect 45: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-40.
[0242] Aspect 46: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-40.
[0243] Aspect 47: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-40.
[0244] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.
[0245] As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware or a combination of hardware and at least one of software or firmware. “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. As used herein, a “processor” is implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that systems or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software code used to implement these systems or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, because those skilled in the art will understand that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein. A component being configured to perform a function means that the component has a capability to perform the function, and does not require the function to be actually performed by the component, unless noted otherwise.
[0246] As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, or not equal to the threshold, among other examples.
[0247] As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c, and a + b + c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (for example, a + a, a + a + a, a + a + b, a + a + c, a + b + b, a + c + c, b + b, b + b + b, b + b + c, c + c, and c + c + c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
[0248] No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more. ” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has, ” “have, ” “having, ” and similar terms are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (for example, an element “having” A may also have B) . Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based on or otherwise in association with” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and / or, ” unless explicitly stated otherwise (for example, if used in combination with “either” or “only one of” ) . It should be understood that “one or more” is equivalent to “at least one. ”
[0249] Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set.
Claims
An apparatus for wireless communication at a first device, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors, the one or more processors, individually or collectively and based at least in part on information stored in the one or more memories, being configured to:receive, from a second device, a command associated with a contention-based access; andtransmit, to the second device and in response to the command, a message 1 (Msg1) associated with the contention-based access, wherein the Msg1 is transmitted via a physical device-to-reader (D2R) channel (PDRCH) based at least in part on a resource allocation.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the Msg1 is a payload-based message.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a preamble is used for the Msg1.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the Msg1 has a cyclic redundancy check.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the command is associated with a message 0 transmission.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the Msg1 is associated with a message format, and wherein different formats are defined for different device types.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the Msg1 and control information conveyed over the PDRCH are associated with a same format, or wherein the Msg1 and data conveyed over the PDRCH are associated with the same format.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the Msg1 is associated with a first format, wherein control information and data conveyed over the PDRCH are associated with a second format, and wherein the first format is different from the second format.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a PDRCH format associated with the Msg1 has a fixed coding rate and modulation, or wherein the PDRCH format associated with the Msg1 has a different coding rate and modulation as compared to a PDRCH format associated with data or control information.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a PDRCH format associated with the Msg1 has no scrambling, or wherein the PDRCH format associated with the Msg1 has a different scrambling as compared to a PDRCH format associated with data or control information.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the resource allocation is based at least in part on a definition of supported sequences and corresponding indexes, wherein a sequence is randomly selected from a predefined candidate set of sequences, or the sequence is randomly selected from a set of supported sequences associated with a supported sequence index.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the resource allocation is based at least in part on a mapping between the command and a resource used to transmit the Msg1, wherein a time gap is predefined between a starting transmission time of the Msg1 and an end of a reception time of the command, wherein a chip rate to transmit the Msg1 and a number of bits to transmit the Msg1 are predefined, and wherein a supported frequency range or frequency shift is predefined.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a set of resources are defined to transmit the Msg1, and wherein the command indicates a resource set identifier, of a resource in the set of resources, to transmit the Msg1.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the command dynamically indicates a resource that is available to be used to transmit the Msg1.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first device is an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) device, wherein the second device is a reader, and wherein the second device is a network node or a user equipment (UE) .An apparatus for wireless communication at a second device, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors, the one or more processors, individually or collectively and based at least in part on information stored in the one or more memories, being configured to:transmit, to a first device, a command associated with a contention-based access; andreceive, from the first device and in response to the command, a message 1 (Msg1) associated with the contention-based access, wherein the Msg1 is transmitted via a physical device-to-reader (D2R) channel (PDRCH) based at least in part on a resource allocation.The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the Msg1 is a payload-based message.The apparatus of claim 16, wherein a preamble is used for the Msg1.The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the Msg1 has a cyclic redundancy check.A method of wireless communication performed by a first device, comprising:receiving, by the first device and from a second device, a command associated with a contention-based access; andtransmitting, by the first device and to the second device, in response to the command, a message 1 (Msg1) associated with the contention-based access, wherein the Msg1 is transmitted via a physical device-to-reader (D2R) channel (PDRCH) based at least in part on a resource allocation.
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