Protective layer, battery assembly, and electric device

Abstract

The present application discloses a protective layer, a battery assembly, and an electric device. The protective layer comprises a temperature control layer; the temperature control layer comprises a heat storage material; and the compacted density of the temperature control layer is 0.5-3.0 g / cm3, and the particle size of the heat storage material is not less than 100 mesh. By limiting the compacted density of the temperature control layer and the particle size of the heat storage material in the temperature control layer, the volume utilization of the protective layer can be greatly increased, enabling the protective layer to achieve a good effect of suppressing heat spread even with a limited thickness.

Description

A protective layer, a battery assembly and an electrical device

[0001] The present application claims priority to the Chinese patent application No. 2024111039121, filed on August 13, 2024, entitled "A protective layer, a battery assembly and an electrical device", the whole content of which is incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present application relates to the technical field of battery, more particularly, to a protective layer, a battery assembly and an electrical device. BACKGROUND

[0003] The safety problem of battery system has always been one of the important issues in the development of new energy and automobile industry, and thus it is of great significance to eliminate the safety hazard problem of battery system. In general, a single battery in a battery system may be induced to thermal runaway in different ways such as thermal abuse, electrical abuse, mechanical abuse, etc., and the process usually rapidly heats up to above 600℃ in a short time. Due to large temperature gradient, the huge heat generated by thermal runaway will be transferred horizontally to the adjacent battery, thereby inducing thermal spread of the battery system, and finally causing safety problems such as fire and explosion.

[0004] Currently, the technology for inhibiting thermal spread mainly uses thermal insulation materials such as aerogel and mica sheet with excellent thermal insulation performance to inhibit the occurrence of thermal spread, mainly relying on the low thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation materials to block the horizontal transfer of heat. However, the effect of inhibiting thermal spread is still limited, and it is difficult to effectively inhibit thermal spread under limited thickness, and usually a large amount of thermal insulation materials is needed to effectively reduce the battery temperature.

[0005] Therefore, the thickness of the protective layer for inhibiting thermal spread in the prior art is still relatively thick, and it is necessary to develop a new design to inhibit thermal spread. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application aims to provide a protective layer to solve the problem of thick thermal insulation layer for inhibiting thermal spread in the related art.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present application provides a protective layer, comprising a temperature control layer; the temperature control layer comprises a heat storage material.

[0008] The compaction density of the temperature control layer is 0.5-3.0 g / cm3, and the particle size of the heat storage material is not less than 100 mesh.

[0009] In some embodiments, the compaction density of the temperature control layer is 0.8-2.0 g / cm3.

[0010] In some embodiments, the protective layer further comprises a thermal insulation layer, and the thermal insulation layer comprises a first thermal insulation layer and a second thermal insulation layer which are respectively arranged on two sides of the temperature control layer.

[0011] In some embodiments, the thickness ratio of the first thermal insulation layer to the temperature control layer is 0.5-10; and / or,

[0012] the thickness ratio of the second thermal insulation layer to the temperature control layer is 0.5-10.

[0013] In some embodiments, the thickness of the first thermal insulation layer is 0.2-10 mm; and / or,

[0014] the thickness of the temperature control layer is 0.1-10 mm; and / or,

[0015] the thickness of the second thermal insulation layer is 0.2-10 mm.

[0016] In some embodiments, the heat storage material is an inorganic material.

[0017] In some embodiments, the heat storage material comprises at least one of a phase change material and a chemical heat storage material;

[0018] the phase change material comprises at least one of a hydrated salt phase change material, a molten salt phase change material, a metal phase change material, and an alloy phase change material;

[0019] the chemical heat storage material comprises at least one of Ni(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, MgH2, Co3O4, PbCO3, NH4HSO4, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, CaCO3, NaHCO3, NH4HCO 3、 BaO2, and Ba(OH)2.

[0020] In some embodiments, the heat storage material comprises Mg(OH)2and NaHCO3, and the mass ratio of the Mg(OH)2to the NaHCO3is (1-99):(1-99).

[0021] In some embodiments, the temperature control layer further comprises adhesive particles with a mass percentage of 0-20%.

[0022] In some embodiments, the temperature control layer further comprises heat-conducting particles with a mass percentage of 0-20%.

[0023] In some embodiments, the adhesive particles comprise at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, and butadiene styrene rubber.

[0024] In some embodiments, the thermal insulation layer comprises at least one of aerogel insulation cotton, mica sheet, vacuum insulation board, asbestos, glass wool, expanded perlite, slag wool, and foamed ceramic.

[0025] In a second aspect, the present application provides a battery assembly comprising N protection layers according to the first aspect and M battery cells, N≥1, M≥1.

[0026] In a third aspect, the present application provides a power consuming device comprising the battery assembly according to the second aspect.

[0027] The present application provides a protection layer comprising a temperature control layer, wherein the temperature control layer comprises a heat storage material. By limiting the compaction density of the temperature control layer and the granularity of the heat storage material in the temperature control layer, the volume utilization of the protection layer can be greatly increased, so that the protection layer can achieve a good heat spread suppression effect under a limited thickness.

[0028] The present application provides a battery assembly which can achieve a heat spread suppression effect while reducing the thickness of the protection layer and improving the energy density of the battery assembly.

[0029] The present application provides a power consuming device comprising the above battery assembly, which reduces the safety hazards of the power consuming device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a protection layer in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a battery assembly in an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] Reference signs: 1-battery cell; 2-first thermal insulation layer; 3-temperature control layer; 4-second thermal insulation layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference signs represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application.

[0034] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0035] Some embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples and features in the examples can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0036] In a first aspect, the present application provides a protective layer, comprising a temperature control layer 3; the temperature control layer 3 comprises a heat storage material;

[0037] The compaction density of the temperature control layer 3 is 0.5-3.0 g / cm 3 The particle size of the heat storage material is not less than 100 mesh.

[0038] Since a single cell 1 in the battery system may be induced to thermal runaway in different ways such as thermal abuse, electrical abuse, mechanical abuse, etc., the cell 1 that occurs thermal runaway can rapidly heat up to above 600℃ in a short time. Due to large temperature gradient, the huge heat generated by thermal runaway will be transferred laterally to the adjacent battery, thereby inducing thermal spread of the battery system, and finally causing fire, explosion and other safety problems; therefore, a structure for inhibiting thermal spread needs to be provided between the cells 1 to delay the heat transfer from the cell 1 that occurs thermal runaway to other batteries, so as to improve the safety performance of the battery and reduce the loss at the same time.

[0039] The protective layer provided by the present application comprises a temperature control layer 3, and the temperature control layer 3 comprises a heat storage material; the temperature control layer 3 is used for absorbing and processing a large amount of heat that has been transferred, and converting the heat energy into other forms of energy; wherein the temperature control layer 3 comprises a heat storage material, which absorbs and processes a large amount of heat that has been transferred, converts the heat energy into other forms of energy, thereby reducing the surface temperature of the adjacent cell 1 to within a safe range, so as to inhibit the occurrence of thermal spread; and by limiting the compaction density of the temperature control layer 3, the heat storage material in the temperature control layer 3 can be prevented from being easily broken, the integrity of the heat storage material can be maintained, and the steam generated after the heat storage material absorbs heat can be timely discharged; in combination with the particle size of the heat storage material in the temperature control layer 3, the heat absorption effect can be ensured while the volume utilization rate of the protective layer is greatly increased, so that a better thermal spread inhibition effect can be achieved under a limited thickness.

[0040] The application provides a protective layer, comprising a temperature control layer 3; the temperature control layer 3 comprises heat storage materials; by limiting the compaction density of the temperature control layer 3 and the granularity of the heat storage materials in the temperature control layer 3, the volume utilization rate of the protective layer can be greatly increased, so that the effect of inhibiting heat spread can be achieved under a limited thickness.

[0041] In some embodiments, the compaction density of the temperature control layer 3 is 0.8-2.0 g / cm 3 .

[0042] The inventors find that when the compaction density of the temperature control layer 3 is 0.8-2.0 g / cm 3 , the integrity of the heat storage materials in the temperature control layer 3 can be further ensured, and the steam generated by heat absorption can be timely dissipated, thereby further improving the temperature control effect of the temperature control layer 3 and further improving the volume utilization rate of the protective layer and further reducing the thickness of the protective layer.

[0043] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, the protective layer further comprises a heat insulation layer, and the heat insulation layer comprises a first heat insulation layer 2 and a second heat insulation layer 4 which are respectively arranged on both sides of the temperature control layer 3.

[0044] The heat insulation layer directly contacting the thermal runaway battery cell 1 is used to block the heat transfer of the thermal runaway battery cell 1, thereby further delaying the occurrence of heat spread; the heat insulation layer on the other side of the temperature control layer 3 is used to prevent the heat from further spreading to the adjacent battery cell 1; the volume utilization rate of the protective layer can be further increased while ensuring the heat absorption effect, so that the effect of inhibiting heat spread can be further achieved under a limited thickness.

[0045] In a specific embodiment, the thickness ratio of the first heat insulation layer 2 to the temperature control layer 3 is 0.5-10;

[0046] The thickness ratio of the second heat insulation layer 4 to the temperature control layer 3 is 0.5-10.

[0047] By further limiting the thickness ratio of the first heat insulation layer 2 to the temperature control layer 3 and the thickness ratio of the second heat insulation layer 4 to the temperature control layer 3, on the one hand, the volume utilization rate of the protective layer can be further increased, the thickness of the protective layer can be reduced, and the energy density of the battery assembly can be improved; on the other hand, the synergistic effect between the heat insulation layer and the temperature control layer 3 can be further played, so that the heat accumulated in the temperature control layer 3 can be converted and reduced, and the effect of inhibiting heat spread of the protective layer can be further improved.

[0048] The thickness ratio of the first heat insulation layer 2 to the temperature control layer 3 can be further refined to 0.5-5; and the thickness ratio of the second heat insulation layer 4 to the temperature control layer 3 can be further refined to 0.5-5.

[0049] Specifically, the thickness of the first heat insulation layer 2 is 0.2-10 mm;

[0050] The thickness of the temperature control layer 3 is 0.1-10 mm;

[0051] The thickness of the second thermal insulation layer 4 is 0.2-10 mm.

[0052] When the thickness of the thermal insulation layer and the thickness of the temperature control layer 3 are within the above-mentioned range, the volume utilization rate of the protective layer can be further improved, the thickness of the protective layer can be reduced, and the energy density of the battery assembly can be improved at the same time. Meanwhile, the synergistic effect between the thermal insulation layer and the temperature control layer 3 can be further played, so that the heat accumulated in the temperature control layer 3 is converted and reduced, and the effect of inhibiting the spread of heat of the protective layer is further improved.

[0053] The thickness of the first thermal insulation layer 2 can be further refined to 0.2-3 mm.

[0054] The thickness of the temperature control layer 3 can be further refined to 0.1-3 mm.

[0055] The thickness of the second thermal insulation layer 4 can be further refined to 0.2-3 mm.

[0056] In some embodiments, the heat storage material is an inorganic material.

[0057] When the inorganic heat storage material is used as the main component of the temperature control layer 3, not only the heat can be converted to reduce the overall heat, but also the flammable risk of the temperature control layer 3 itself can be further reduced, and the safety of the protective layer is further improved.

[0058] The heat storage material includes at least one of a phase change material and a chemical heat storage material.

[0059] The phase change material includes at least one of a hydrated salt phase change material, a molten salt phase change material, a metal phase change material, and an alloy phase change material.

[0060] The chemical heat storage material includes at least one of Ni(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, MgH2, Co3O4, PbCO3, NH4HSO4, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, CaCO3, NaHCO3, NH4HCO 3、 BaO2, and Ba(OH)2.

[0061] By specifically limiting the type of heat storage material, the heat can be further converted to reduce the overall heat, and the flammable risk of the temperature control layer 3 itself can be further reduced, and the safety of the protective layer is further improved.

[0062] In a specific embodiment, the heat storage material includes Mg(OH)2 and NaHCO3, and the mass ratio of Mg(OH)2 to NaHCO3 is (1-99):(1-99).

[0063] When the combination ratio of the heat storage material is defined as above, the effective utilization rate of the temperature control layer 3 can be further improved, the safety problem of the thermal runaway battery can be further reduced, and the effect of inhibiting heat spread of the protection layer can be improved.

[0064] In a specific embodiment, the temperature control layer 3 further comprises adhesive particles with a mass percentage of 0-20%.

[0065] It can be understood that by adding adhesive particles, the loose material in the temperature control layer 3 can be bonded and formed, the space utilization rate is improved, the mechanical strength and stability of the temperature control layer 3 can be further increased, the interfacial bonding force between the temperature control layer 3 and the thermal insulation layer can be further enhanced, the close combination between the materials of each layer can be ensured, the overall heat dissipation effect can be further improved, and the effect of inhibiting heat spread can be enhanced.

[0066] In another specific embodiment, the temperature control layer 3 further comprises heat-conducting particles with a mass percentage of 0-20%.

[0067] By adding heat-conducting particles in the temperature control layer 3, heat can be further uniformly transmitted to the temperature control layer 3, the conversion rate of the temperature control layer 3 can be improved, the heat absorption capacity of the temperature control layer 3 can be further exerted, the lateral transmission of heat can be reduced, and the effect of inhibiting heat spread can be further improved.

[0068] Optionally, the heat-conducting particles comprise at least one of metal particles and graphite.

[0069] Optionally, the adhesive particles comprise at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, and butadiene styrene rubber.

[0070] By further limiting the types of adhesive particles, the mechanical strength and stability of the temperature control layer 3 can be further increased, the interfacial bonding force between the temperature control layer 3 and the thermal insulation layer can be further enhanced, the close combination between the materials of each layer can be ensured, and the effect of inhibiting heat spread can be further improved.

[0071] The thermal insulation layer comprises at least one of aerogel thermal insulation cotton, mica sheet, vacuum thermal insulation board, asbestos, glass wool, expanded perlite, slag wool, and foamed ceramic.

[0072] When the thermal insulation layer is selected from the materials defined above, the heat transmission can be further delayed.

[0073] The application does not limit the preparation method of the protection layer, in an embodiment, the first thermal insulation layer 2, the temperature control layer 3, and the second thermal insulation layer 4 are assembled by hot pressing.

[0074] In a second aspect, the application provides a battery assembly comprising N protection layers of the first aspect and M battery cells 1, N≥1, M≥1.

[0075] The battery assembly provided by the application comprises N protective layers and M battery cells 1, and the M battery cells 1 are connected in series and / or in parallel.

[0076] In some embodiments, M≥2, and a protective layer is arranged between any two adjacent battery cells 1; by arranging a protective layer between every two adjacent battery cells 1, the heat spread can be effectively delayed when the single battery cell 1 is in thermal runaway, and due to the structure of the protective layer and the compaction density of the temperature control layer 3 and the particle size of the heat storage material in the temperature control layer 3, the volume utilization rate of the protective layer can be greatly increased, so that a better heat spread inhibition effect can be achieved under a limited thickness, thereby improving the power density of the battery assembly.

[0077] In a third aspect, the application provides a power consumption device comprising the battery assembly of the second aspect.

[0078] The application provides a power consumption device comprising the battery assembly, which reduces the safety hazards of the power consumption device.

[0079] The application does not limit the specific types of power consumption devices, which can include electric vehicles, mobile phones, smart homes, robots, drones, electronic cigarettes, sound boxes and any device that needs a battery assembly to provide power.

[0080] Hereinafter, a protective layer provided by the application will be described in detail through specific embodiments.

[0081] Embodiment 1

[0082] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a battery assembly in an embodiment of the application, as shown in FIG. 2, in the stacking direction of the battery assembly in the embodiment, a composite layer is arranged between any two adjacent battery cells 1; the composite layer comprises a first heat insulation layer 2, a temperature control layer 3 and a second heat insulation layer 4.

[0083] The thicknesses of the first heat insulation layer 2, the temperature control layer 3 and the second heat insulation layer 4 are 1.1 mm, 1.6 mm and 1.1 mm respectively; the first heat insulation layer 2 adopts aerogel heat insulation cotton; the temperature control layer 3 comprises 90% of 100-mesh chemical heat storage material Mg(OH)2, 5% of adhesive particles (polyvinylidene fluoride) and 5% of conductive particles (graphite), and the compaction density is 0.5 g / cm 3 The second heat insulation layer 4 adopts aerogel heat insulation cotton.

[0084] Embodiment 2

[0085] In the stacking direction of the battery assembly in the embodiment, a composite layer is arranged between any two adjacent battery cells 1; the composite layer comprises a first heat insulation layer 2, a temperature control layer 3 and a second heat insulation layer 4.

[0086] The thicknesses of the first thermal insulation layer 2, the temperature control layer 3, and the second thermal insulation layer 4 are 1.8 mm, 0.2 mm, and 1.8 mm respectively; the first thermal insulation layer 2 is aerogel thermal insulation cotton; the temperature control layer 3 comprises 83% of 200-mesh chemical heat storage material Al(OH)3, 8% of adhesive particles (polyacrylic acid), and 9% of conductive particles (graphite), and has a compacted density of 1.5 g / cm 3 ; the second thermal insulation layer 4 is aerogel thermal insulation cotton.

[0087] Example 3

[0088] In the stacking direction of the battery assembly in this example, a composite layer is arranged between any two adjacent battery cells 1; the composite layer comprises a first thermal insulation layer 2, a temperature control layer 3, and a second thermal insulation layer 4.

[0089] The thicknesses of the first thermal insulation layer 2, the temperature control layer 3, and the second thermal insulation layer 4 are 1.1 mm, 1.6 mm, and 1.1 mm respectively; the first thermal insulation layer 2 is aerogel thermal insulation cotton; the temperature control layer 3 comprises 96% of 300-mesh chemical heat storage material NaHCO3, 2% of adhesive particles (polyacrylate), and 2% of conductive particles (aluminum metal particles), and has a compacted density of 1.0 g / cm 3 ; the second thermal insulation layer 4 is aerogel thermal insulation cotton.

[0090] Example 4

[0091] The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the compacted density of the temperature control layer 3 is 2.8 g / cm 3 .

[0092] Example 5

[0093] The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the thickness of the first thermal insulation layer 2 is 0.5 mm.

[0094] Example 6

[0095] The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the thickness of the second thermal insulation layer 4 is 0.5 mm.

[0096] Example 7

[0097] The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the temperature control layer 3 is made of epoxy resin material.

[0098] Example 8

[0099] The difference between this example and Example 3 is that the temperature control layer 3 comprises 95% of 300-mesh chemical heat storage material NaHCO3 and 5% of conductive particles.

[0100] Example 9

[0101] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 3 is that the temperature control layer 3 comprises 96% of 300-mesh chemical heat storage material NaHCO3 and 4% of viscous particles.

[0102] Embodiment 10

[0103] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the first thermal insulation layer 2 and the second thermal insulation layer 4 both use mica sheets.

[0104] Embodiment 11

[0105] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the first thermal insulation layer 2 and the second thermal insulation layer 4 both use foamed ceramics.

[0106] Embodiment 12

[0107] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the first thermal insulation layer 2 and the second thermal insulation layer 4 both use vacuum insulation boards.

[0108] Embodiment 13

[0109] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the first thermal insulation layer 2 and the second thermal insulation layer 4 both use asbestos.

[0110] Embodiment 14

[0111] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the first thermal insulation layer 2 and the second thermal insulation layer 4 both use glass wool.

[0112] Embodiment 15

[0113] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the heat storage material is barium hydroxide octahydrate phase change material.

[0114] Embodiment 16

[0115] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the heat storage material is NaNO3 molten salt phase change material.

[0116] Embodiment 17

[0117] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the heat storage material is 60Sn-40Bi metal alloy phase change material.

[0118] Embodiment 18

[0119] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the protective layer only contains the temperature control layer 3.

[0120] Embodiment 19

[0121] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the heat storage material is Mg(OH)2 and NaHCO3 with a mass ratio of 3:2.

[0122] Comparative Example 1

[0123] The difference between the present comparative example and Example 1 is that the temperature control layer 3 uses 50-mesh Na2SO4·10H2O phase change material.

[0124] Comparative Example 2

[0125] The difference between the present comparative example and Example 1 is that the temperature control layer 3 has a compacted density of 4 g / cm 3 .

[0126] Comparative Example 3

[0127] The difference between the present comparative example and Example 1 is that the temperature control layer 3 uses a hydrogel.

[0128] Test Example 1

[0129] The battery assemblies in the above examples and comparative examples were subjected to thermal propagation testing in accordance with the module thermal propagation test in GB / T 36276-2023 “Lithium ion batteries for electrical energy storage”. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0130] Table 1

[0131] As can be seen from Table 1, the use of the protective layer provided by the present application can effectively control the heat transfer of the thermal runaway battery cell 1, delay the occurrence of thermal propagation, reduce the possibility of thermal runaway of the adjacent battery cell 1, and reduce the recovery cost. Through the structure of the protective layer and the limitation of the compacted density of the temperature control layer 3 and the granularity of the heat storage material in the temperature control layer 3, the volume utilization rate of the protective layer can be greatly increased, so that it can also achieve a good thermal propagation inhibition effect under a limited thickness.

[0132] Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made thereto without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, the scope of which is defined by the following claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A protective layer, wherein, The temperature control layer (3) comprises a heat storage material. The compaction density of the temperature control layer (3) is 0.5-3.0 g / cm 3 The particle size of the heat storage material is not less than 100 mesh.

2. The protective layer of claim 1, wherein, The compaction density of the temperature control layer (3) is 0.8-2.0 g / cm 3 .

3. The protective layer of claim 1, wherein, The protective layer further comprises a heat insulation layer, and the heat insulation layer comprises a first heat insulation layer (2) and a first heat insulation layer (4) which are respectively arranged on both sides of the temperature control layer (3).

4. The protective layer of claim 3, wherein, The thickness ratio of the first heat insulation layer (2) to the temperature control layer (3) is 0.5-10; and / or, The thickness ratio of the first heat insulation layer (4) to the temperature control layer (3) is 0.5-10.

5. The protective layer of claim 3, wherein, The thickness of the first heat insulation layer (2) is 0.2-10 mm; and / or, The thickness of the temperature control layer (3) is 0.1-10 mm; and / or, The thickness of the first heat insulation layer (4) is 0.2-10 mm.

6. The protective layer of claim 3, wherein, The heat storage material is an inorganic material.

7. The protective layer of claim 6, wherein, The heat storage material comprises at least one of a phase change material and a chemical heat storage material. The phase change material comprises at least one of a hydrated salt phase change material, a molten salt phase change material, a metal phase change material and an alloy phase change material. The chemical heat storage material includes at least one of Ni(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, MgH2, Co3O4, PbCO3, NH4HSO4, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, CaCO3, NaHCO3, NH4HCO 3、 BaO2, Ba(OH)2.

8. The protective layer of claim 7, wherein, The heat storage material comprises Mg(OH)2 and NaHCO3, and the mass ratio of the Mg(OH)2 to the NaHCO3 is (1-99):(1-99).

9. The protective layer according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, The temperature control layer (3) further comprises sticky particles with a mass percentage of 0-20%.

10. The protective layer according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, The temperature control layer (3) further comprises heat-conducting particles with a mass percentage of 0-20%.

11. The protective layer of claim 9, wherein, The sticky particles comprise at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate and butadiene styrene rubber.

12. The protective layer according to any one of claims 3-8, wherein, The heat insulation layer comprises at least one of aerogel heat insulation cotton, mica sheet, vacuum heat insulation board, asbestos, glass wool, expanded perlite, slag wool and foamed ceramic.

13. A battery assembly, wherein, The application comprises N protective layers according to any one of claims 1-12 and M electric cores (1), wherein N≥1 and M≥1.

14. An electrical device, comprising: The application comprises the battery assembly according to claim 13.

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