Anti-MSLN antibodies and uses thereof
Chimeric and human monoclonal antibodies targeting the membrane proximal region of MSLN address the limitations of existing antibodies by maintaining high affinity and stability, effectively treating MSLN-expressing cancers despite soluble MSLN interference.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/114949
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-08-16
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-15
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-19
AI Technical Summary
Existing anti-MSLN antibodies target the membrane distal region of MSLN and are hindered by high levels of circulating soluble MSLN, resulting in limited efficacy in cancer therapy.
Development of chimeric and human monoclonal antibodies that specifically bind to the membrane proximal region of MSLN, with properties such as minimal interference from soluble MSLN, good target internalization, cytotoxic activity, and thermal stability, using specific CDR sequences and immunoglobulin constant regions.
The antibodies effectively target MSLN-expressing cancer cells with high affinity and stability, minimizing interference from soluble MSLN and enhancing therapeutic efficacy.
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Figure PCTCN2025114949-FTAPPB-I100001 
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Figure PCTCN2025114949-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
ANTI-MSLN ANTIBODIES AND USES THEREOF
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCES
[0002] This application claims benefit of priority of International Patent Application No. PCT / CN2024 / 112713 filed on August 16, 2024, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
[0003] SEQUENCE LISTING
[0004] The instant application contains a sequence listing which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.FIELD
[0005] This application generally relates to antibodies. More specifically, the application relates to monoclonal antibodies against MSLN, a method or preparing the same, and the use of the antibodies.BACKGROUND
[0006] Mesothelin (MSLN) , a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) -anchored membrane protein, is a tumor-differentiation antigen discovered more than 20 years ago [1-2] . The MSLN gene encodes a precursor protein of 71-kDa that is processed to yield a 31-kDa shed protein named megakaryocyte-potentiating factor (MPF) and the 40-kDa cell bound fragment MSLN. The GPI-linked mature MSLN can also be shed from the cell through the action of the tumor necrosis factor α-converting enzyme protease [3] . The normal biological function of MSLN is still unknown. Serum MSLN has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as a diagnostic biomarker in malignant mesothelioma [4] . It has been reported that the normal range of MSLN is up to 9 ng / mL, while the serum MSLN levels in patients with mesothelioma can reach over 200 ng / mL, significantly different from healthy volunteers [5] . The serum MSLN in patients with ovarian cancer can be 100 ng / mL or more [5] which is also significantly different from levels found in healthy volunteers.
[0007] By immunohistochemistry, MSLN expression in normal human tissues is noted only in the single layer of mesothelial cells that line the pleura, peritoneum and pericardium, surface epithelial cells of the ovary, tunica vaginalis, rete testis and the tonsilar and fallopian tube epithelial cells. However, MSLN is highly expressed in several human tumors, including epithelial mesotheliomas (~ 100 %of cases) and lung (~ 50%of cases) , ovarian (~ 70 %of cases) and pancreatic / biliary adenocarcinomas (~ 100 %of cases) [6] .
[0008] Because MSLN is expressed only on a limited number of normal tissues, the risk of on-target off-tumor toxicity is minimal. Higher expression of MSLN has been correlated with poorer prognosis for patients with ovarian cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, triple-negative breast cancer, and resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma [7] . The limited expression of MSLN on normal human tissues and its high expression in many common cancers make it an attractive candidate for cancer therapy [8] .
[0009] While several MSLN-targeting therapeutic approaches are in development, only limited efficacy has been achieved in patients. A potential shortcoming of several described antibody-based approaches is that they target the membrane distal region of MSLN and, additionally, are known to be handicapped by the high levels of circulating soluble MSLN in patients [9] .
[0010] Therefore, there is a strong need to develop novel anti-MSLN antibodies that can target the membrane proximal region of MSLN.SUMMARY
[0011] These and other objectives are provided for by the present disclosure which, in a broad sense, is directed to compounds, methods, compositions and articles of manufacture that provide antibodies with improved efficacy. The benefits provided by the present disclosure are broadly applicable in the field of antibody therapeutics and diagnostics and may be used in conjunction with other antibodies that react with a variety of targets.
[0012] The present disclosure provides chimeric and human monoclonal antibodies against MSLN. Further provided are methods for validating the function of antibodies in vitro and in vivo, and methods of treating a subject having cancer by administering the anti-MSLN antibodies as disclosed herein.
[0013] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides an antibody or an antigen-binding portion thereof that binds MSLN, such as human MSLN and / or cynomolgus monkey MSLN.
[0014] In some embodiments, the antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof exhibits at least one of the following properties:
[0015] (a) specifical binding to cell surface expressed human MSLN protein and / or cyno MSLN protein;
[0016] (b) minimally or lowly interfered with or affected by circulating soluble MSLN proteins;
[0017] (c) binding to MSLN involves MSLN region III;
[0018] (d) good target internalization and cytotoxic activity;
[0019] (e) good thermal stability; and
[0020] (f) containing little oligomeric form and having low aggregation propensity.
[0021] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides an antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof capable of binding to mesothelin (MSLN) , comprising:
[0022] a heavy chain CDR (HCDR) 1, a HCDR2, and a HCDR3 of a heavy chain variable region, and a light chain CDR (LCDR) 1, a LCDR2, and a LCDR3 of a light chain variable region, wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7, 9, 10 or 11, and the light chain variable region comprises amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8.
[0023] In some embodiments, the HCDR1 comprises SEQ ID NO: 1; the HCDR2 comprises SEQ ID NO: 2; the HCDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 3; the LCDR1 comprises SEQ ID NO: 4; the LCDR2 comprises SEQ ID NO: 5; and the LCDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 6.
[0024] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof comprises:
[0025] (A) a heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80% (e.g., 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, or 100%) sequence identity to any of SEQ ID NOs: 7 and 9-11; and / or
[0026] (B) a light chain variable region (VL) comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80% (e.g., 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, or 100%) sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 8.
[0027] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8.
[0028] In some embodiments, the antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof further comprises an immunoglobulin constant region, such as a human IgG constant region, e.g. human IgG1, IgG4, IgG2 or IgG3 constant region, which may be native or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the antibody comprises a human IgG1 Fc region with a L234A and L235A substitution. In some other embodiments, the antibody comprises a human IgG1 Fc region with S298A / E333A / K334A and M252Y / S254T / T256E (i.e. “YTE” ) substitutions.
[0029] In some embodiments, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence having a sequence identity of at least 80% (e.g., 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, or 100%) to SEQ ID NO: 15, and a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence having a sequence identity of at least 80% (e.g., 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, or 100%) to SEQ ID NO: 16.
[0030] In some embodiments, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16.
[0031] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof is a scFv, a Fv fragment, a Fab or a Fab'.
[0032] In some embodiments, the antibody is selected from a chimeric antibody, a humanized antibody, and a fully human antibody. The antibodies herein are anti-MSLN antagonist antibodies.
[0033] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof as disclosed herein.
[0034] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides an expression vector (s) comprising the polynucleotide as disclosed herein.
[0035] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a host cell comprising the expression vector or the polynucleotide as disclosed herein.
[0036] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof as disclosed herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0037] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method for preparing the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof which comprises expressing the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof in a host cell and isolating the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof from the host cell.
[0038] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of modulating a MSLN related immune response in a subject, comprising administering the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof as disclosed herein to the subject.
[0039] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method for inhibiting growth of MSLN expressing or MSLN positive tumor cells in a subject, comprising administering an effective amount of the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof or the pharmaceutical composition as disclosed herein to the subject.
[0040] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method for treating or preventing a MSLN related disease such as cancer and immune disorders in a subject, comprising administering an effective amount of the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof as disclosed herein, alone or combined with another anti-cancer agent, to the subject.
[0041] Said cancer can be selected from mesothelioma, lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, melanoma, bladder cancer, renal cell carcinoma, colon cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, uterine cancer, cervical cancer, testicular cancer, esophageal cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, kidney cancer, clear cell renal carcinoma, head and neck cancer, germ cell cancer, bone cancer, thyroid cancer, skin cancer, neoplasm of the central nervous system, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, myeloma, and sarcoma.
[0042] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides use of the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof, the polynucleotide, the vector or the host cell as disclosed herein in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing MSLN related diseases such as cancers and immune disorders.
[0043] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides the use of the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof as disclosed herein in the manufacture of a diagnostic agent for diagnosing diseases related to MSLN overexpression.
[0044] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof as disclosed herein for use in treating or preventing MSLN related cancers and immune disorders.
[0045] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method for detecting the presence of MSLN antigen in a sample or measuring the amount of MSLN antigen, comprising contacting the sample with the anti-MSLN antibody or an antigen binding portion thereof as disclosed herein.
[0046] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides kits or devices that comprise the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof or the pharmaceutical composition as disclosed herein in one or more containers.
[0047] The foregoing is a summary and thus contains, by necessity, simplifications, generalizations, and omissions of detail; consequently, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0048] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0049] Figure 1 shows FACS binding of different antibodies to human MSLN engineered cell in the absence (Fig. 1A) or presence (Fig. 1B) of soluble MSLN. “Amgen mAb” refers to anti-MSLN parental antibody of Amgen MSLN-BiTE and “Harpoon mAb” refers to anti-MSLN parental antibody of Harpoon HPN536.
[0050] Figure 2 shows ELISA binding of IgG conversion antibodies to extracellular domain of human MSLN (Fig. 2A) and MSLN region III proteins (Fig. 2B) .
[0051] Figures 3 shows FACS binding of benchmark antibodies and PTM removed antibodies to a human MSLN expressing cell line with or without soluble MSLN.
[0052] Figure 4 shows the internalization activity of PTM removed mAbs to human MSLN expressing engineered cells.
[0053] Figure 5 shows the SDS-PAGE result of W305044 mAb (i.e. W305044-1.100.1-p3-uIgG1KV320) .
[0054] Figure 6 shows the purity (Fig. 6A) , thermal stability (Fig. 6B) and retention time (Fig. 6C) of W305044 mAb.
[0055] Figure 7 shows the FACS binding of anti-MSLN mAbs to human MSLN (Fig. 7A) , cyno MSLN (Fig. 7B) and mouse MSLN (Fig. 7C) expressing engineered cells.
[0056] Figure 8 shows the FACS binding of anti-MSLN mAbs to five selected human tumor cell lines (Figs. 8A-8E) .
[0057] Figure 9 shows the ELISA binding of antibody to human MSLN (Fig. 9A) and MSLN region III (Fig. 9B and Fig. 9C) proteins.
[0058] Figure 10 shows the result of Fab-ZAP internalization assay on W3xx044-CHOK1. hPro1. G8 cells.
[0059] Figure 11 shows the result of FACS binding to human MSLN engineered cells with and without soluble MSLN.
[0060] Figure 12 shows the result of FACS binding to NCI-N87 human tumor cells with and without soluble MSLN.
[0061] Figure 13 shows the result of FACS binding to OVCAR3 human tumor cells with and without soluble MSLN.
[0062] Figure 14 shows the affinity result of anti-MSLN mAbs to MSLN by SPR analysis.
[0063] Figure 15 shows the affinity result of anti-MSLN mAbs to human tumor cell surface MSLN by FACS analysis.
[0064] Figure 16 shows the radius of W305044 mAb measured by DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering) .
[0065] Figure 17 shows the determination of diffusion interaction parameter (kD) of W305044 mAb by DLS.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0066] While the present invention may be embodied in many different forms, disclosed herein are specific illustrative embodiments thereof that exemplify the principles of the invention. It should be emphasized that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments illustrated. Moreover, any section headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the subject matter described.
[0067] Unless otherwise defined herein, scientific and technical terms used in connection with the present invention shall have the meanings that are commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. Further, unless otherwise required by context, singular terms shall include pluralities and plural terms shall include the singular. More specifically, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “aprotein” includes a plurality of proteins; reference to “acell” includes mixtures of cells, and the like. In this application, the use of “or” means “and / or” unless stated otherwise. Furthermore, the use of the term “comprising, ” as well as other forms, such as “comprises" and “comprised, ” is not limiting. In addition, ranges provided in the specification and appended claims include both end points and all points between the end points.
[0068] Generally, nomenclature used in connection with, and techniques of, cell and tissue culture, molecular biology, immunology, microbiology, genetics and protein and nucleic acid chemistry and hybridization described herein are those well-known and commonly used in the art. The methods and techniques of the present disclosure are generally performed according to conventional methods well known in the art and as described in various general and more specific references that are cited and discussed throughout the present specification unless otherwise indicated. See, e.g., Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 6th ed., W.B. Saunders Company (2010) ; Sambrook J. &Russell D. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 3rd ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (2000) ; Ausubel et al., Short Protocols in Molecular Biology: A Compendium of Methods from Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Wiley, John &Sons, Inc. (2002) ; Harlow and Lane Using Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (1998) ; and Coligan et al., Short Protocols in Protein Science, Wiley, John &Sons, Inc. (2003) . The nomenclature used in connection with, and the laboratory procedures and techniques of, analytical chemistry, synthetic organic chemistry, and medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry described herein are those well-known and commonly used in the art.
[0069] Definitions
[0070] To better understand the disclosure, the definitions and explanations of the relevant terms are provided as follows.
[0071] The term “antibody” or “Ab” , as used herein, generally refers to a Y-shaped tetrameric protein comprising two heavy (H) and two light (L) polypeptide chains held together by covalent disulfide bonds and non-covalent interactions. Light chains of an antibody may be classified into κ and λ light chain. Heavy chains may be classified into μ, δ, γ, α and ε, which define isotypes of an antibody as IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA and IgE, respectively. In a light chain and a heavy chain, a variable region is linked to a constant region via a “J” region of about 12 or more amino acids, and a heavy chain further comprises a “D” region of about 3 or more amino acids. Each heavy chain consists of a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a heavy chain constant region (CH) . A heavy chain constant region consists of 3 domains (CH1, CH2 and CH3) . Each light chain consists of a light chain variable region (VL) and a light chain constant region (CL) . VH and VL regions can further be divided into hypervariable regions (called complementary determining regions (CDR) ) , which are interspaced by relatively conservative regions (called framework region (FR) ) . Each VH and VL consists of 3 CDRs and 4 FRs in the following order: FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3, FR4 from N-terminal to C-terminal. The variable region (VH and VL) of each heavy / light chain pair forms antigen binding sites, respectively. Antibodies may be of different antibody isotypes, for example, IgG (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4 subtype) , IgA1, IgA2, IgD, IgE or IgM antibody.
[0072] The term “antigen-binding portion” or “antigen-binding fragment” of an antibody, which can be interchangeably used in the context of the application, refers to polypeptides comprising fragments of a full-length antibody, which retain the ability of specifically binding to an antigen that the full-length antibody specifically binds to, and / or compete with the full-length antibody for binding to the same antigen. Generally, see Fundamental Immunology, Ch. 7 (Paul, W., ed., the second edition, Raven Press, N.Y. (1989) , which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. Antigen binding fragments of an antibody may be produced by recombinant DNA techniques or by enzymatic or chemical cleavage of an intact antibody. Under some conditions, antigen binding fragments include Fab, Fab', F (ab') 2, Fd, Fv, dAb and complementary determining region (CDR) fragments, single chain antibody (e.g. scFv) , chimeric antibody, diabody and such polypeptides that comprise at least part of antibody sufficient to confer the specific antigen binding ability on the polypeptides. Antigen binding fragments of an antibody may be obtained from a given antibody (e.g., the monoclonal anti-human MSLN antibody provided herein) by conventional techniques known by a person skilled in the art (e.g., recombinant DNA technique or enzymatic or chemical cleavage methods) , and may be screened for specificity in the same manner by which intact antibodies are screened.
[0073] The term “monoclonal antibody” or “mAb” , as used herein, refer to a preparation of antibody molecules of single molecular composition. A monoclonal antibody displays a single binding specificity and affinity for a particular epitope.
[0074] The term “chimeric antibody” , as used herein, refers to an antibody in which the variable region sequences are derived from one species and the constant region sequences are derived from another species, such as an antibody in which the variable region sequences are derived from human germline (e.g. by immunizing human germline engineered rats) and the constant region sequences are derived from rat germline, or an antibody in which the variable region sequences are derived from non-human germline and the constant region sequences are derived from human. The chimeric antibodies as disclosed herein with non-human IgG constant regions may be IgG converted to obtain human antibodies.
[0075] The term “human antibody” , as used herein, is intended to include antibodies whose variable regions (including both the framework and CDR regions) and constant regions are derived from human germline immunoglobulin sequences. The human antibodies can include amino acid residues not encoded by human germline immunoglobulin sequences (e.g., mutations introduced by random or site-specific mutagenesis in vitro or by somatic mutation in vivo) .
[0076] The term “PTM” or “post-translational modification” , as used herein, refers to a process that occurs to one or more amino acids on a protein (e.g., antibody) after the protein has been translated. Proteins are usually produced by ribosomes that translate mRNA into polypeptide chains and then form mature protein products via PTM. PTM process includes phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, S-nitrosylation, methylation, N-acetylation and lipidation. Preferably, potential PTM sites are removed during antibody optimization to avoid structural and functional heterogeneity brought by PTM process.
[0077] The term “mesothelin” or “MSLN” as used herein refers to any native MSLN from any vertebrate source, including mammals such as primates (e.g., humans) and rodents (e.g., mice and rats) , as well as variants, homologs and fragments (e.g. extracellular domain) thereof. An example of the amino acid sequence of human mesothelin can be found at UniProt KB-Q13421-3. The term also encompasses naturally occurring variants (e.g., splice variants or allelic variants) , precursors and mature forms of MSLN. In cell surface mature mesothelin, 3 distinct domains have been proposed, Regions I (residues 296–390) , II (residues 391–486) , and III (residue 487–598) . Region I at the N-terminal end of cell-surface mesothelin is presumed to be located far from the cell membrane and more accessible to antibodies, while Region III is considered as a membrane proximal region.
[0078] The term “binding affinity” is herein used as a measure of the strength of a non-covalent interaction between two molecules, e.g., an antibody or antigen-portion thereof, and an antigen. Binding affinity between two molecules may be quantified by determination of the dissociation constant (KD) . In turn, KD can be determined by measurement of the kinetics of complex formation and dissociation using, as a nonlimiting example, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method (BiacoreTM) . The rate constants corresponding to the association and the dissociation of a monovalent complex are referred to as the association rate constants ka (or kon) and dissociation rate constant kd (or koff) , respectively. The term ka (or kon) refers to the association rate of a particular antibody-antigen interaction, whereas the term kd (or koff) refers to the dissociation rate of a particular antibody-antigen interaction. KD is related to ka and kd through the equation KD =kd / ka or koff / kon. The value of the dissociation constant can be determined directly by well-known methods, and can be computed even for complex mixtures by methods such as those, for example, set forth in Caceci et al. (1984, Byte 9: 340-362) . The binding kinetics and binding affinity of the antibody also can be assessed by standard assays known in the art or as described in the Example section below.
[0079] The term “EC50, ” as used herein, which is also termed as “half maximal effective concentration” refers to the concentration of a drug, antibody or toxicant which induces a response halfway between the baseline and maximum after a specified exposure time. In the context of the application, EC50 is expressed in the unit of “nM” or “M” .
[0080] The term “isolated, ” as used herein, refers to a state obtained from natural state by artificial means. If a certain “isolated” substance or component is present in nature, it is possible because its natural environment changes, or the substance is isolated from natural environment, or both. For example, a certain un-isolated polynucleotide or polypeptide naturally exists in a certain living animal body, and the same polynucleotide or polypeptide with a high purity isolated from such a natural state is called isolated polynucleotide or polypeptide. The term “isolated” excludes neither the mixed artificial or synthesized substance nor other impure substances that do not affect the activity of the isolated substance.
[0081] The term “isolated antibody, ” as used herein, is intended to refer to an antibody that is substantially free of other antibodies having different antigenic specificities (e.g., an isolated antibody that specifically binds a MSLN protein is substantially free of antibodies that specifically bind antigens other than MSLN proteins) . An isolated antibody that specifically binds a human MSLN protein may, however, have cross-reactivity to other antigens, such as MSLN proteins from other species. Moreover, an isolated antibody can be substantially free of other cellular material and / or chemicals.
[0082] The term “vector, ” as used herein, refers to a nucleic acid vehicle which can have a polynucleotide inserted therein. When the vector allows for the expression of the protein encoded by the polynucleotide inserted therein, the vector is called an expression vector. The vector can have the carried genetic material elements expressed in a host cell by transformation, transduction, or transfection into the host cell. Vectors are well known by a person skilled in the art, including, but not limited to plasmids, phages, cosmids, artificial chromosome such as yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) , bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) or P1-derived artificial chromosome (PAC) ; phage such as λ phage or M13 phage and animal virus. The animal viruses that can be used as vectors, include, but are not limited to, retrovirus (including lentivirus) , adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, herpes virus (such as herpes simplex virus) , pox virus, baculovirus, papillomavirus, papova virus (such as SV40) . A vector may comprise multiple elements for controlling expression, including, but not limited to, a promoter sequence, a transcription initiation sequence, an enhancer sequence, a selection element and a reporter gene. In addition, a vector may comprise origin of replication.
[0083] The term “host cell, ” as used herein, refers to a cellular system which can be engineered to generate proteins, protein fragments, or peptides of interest. Host cells include, without limitation, cultured cells, e.g., mammalian cultured cells derived from rodents (rats, mice, guinea pigs, or hamsters) such as CHO, BHK, NSO, SP2 / 0, YB2 / 0; or human tissues or hybridoma cells, yeast cells, and insect cells, and cells comprised within a transgenic animal or cultured tissue. The term encompasses not only the particular subject cell but also the progeny of such a cell. Because certain modifications may occur in succeeding generations due to either mutation or environmental influences, such progeny may not be identical to the parent cell, but are still included within the scope of the term “host cell. ”
[0084] The term “identity, ” as used herein, refers to a relationship between the sequences of two or more polypeptide molecules or two or more nucleic acid molecules, as determined by aligning and comparing the sequences. “Percent identity” means the percent of identical residues between the amino acids or nucleotides in the compared molecules and is calculated based on the size of the smallest of the molecules being compared. For these calculations, gaps in alignments (if any) are preferably addressed by a particular mathematical model or computer program (i.e., an “algorithm” ) . Methods that can be used to calculate the identity of the aligned nucleic acids or polypeptides include those described in Computational Molecular Biology, (Lesk, A.M., ed. ) , 1988, New York: Oxford University Press; Biocomputing Informatics and Genome Projects, (Smith, D.W., ed. ) , 1993, New York: Academic Press; Computer Analysis of Sequence Data, Part I, (Griffin, A.M., and Griffin, H.G., eds. ) , 1994, New Jersey: Humana Press; von Heinje, G., 1987, Sequence Analysis in Molecular Biology, New York: Academic Press; Sequence Analysis Primer, (Gribskov, M. and Devereux, J., eds. ) , 1991, New York: M. Stockton Press; and Carillo et al, 1988, SIAMJ. Applied Math. 48: 1073.
[0085] The term “immunogenicity, ” as used herein, refers to ability of stimulating the formation of specific antibodies or sensitized lymphocytes in organisms. It not only refers to the property of an antigen to stimulate a specific immunocyte to activate, proliferate and differentiate so as to finally generate immunologic effector substance such as antibody and sensitized lymphocyte, but also refers to the specific immune response that antibody or sensitized T lymphocyte can be formed in immune system of an organism after stimulating the organism with an antigen. Immunogenicity is the most important property of an antigen. Whether an antigen can successfully induce the generation of an immune response in a host depends on three factors, properties of an antigen, reactivity of a host, and immunization means.
[0086] The term “transfection, ” as used herein, refers to the process by which nucleic acids are introduced into eukaryotic cells, particularly mammalian cells. Protocols and techniques for transfection include but not limited to lipid transfection and chemical and physical methods such as electroporation. A number of transfection techniques are well known in the art and are disclosed herein. See, e.g., Graham et al., 1973, Virology 52: 456; Sambrook et al., 2001, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, supra; Davis et al., 1986, Basic Methods in Molecular Biology, Elsevier; Chu et al, 1981, Gene 13: 197. In a specific embodiment of the invention, human MSLN gene was transfected into CHO cells.
[0087] The term “SPR” or “surface plasmon resonance, ” as used herein, refers to and includes an optical phenomenon that allows for the analysis of real-time biospecific interactions by detection of alterations in protein concentrations within a biosensor matrix, for example using the BIAcore system (Pharmacia Biosensor AB, Uppsala, Sweden and Piscataway, N. J. ) . For further descriptions, see Example 5 and U., et al. (1993) Ann. Biol. Clin. 51: 19-26; U., et al. (1991) Biotechniques 11: 620-627; Johnsson, B., et al. (1995) J. Mol. Recognit. 8: 125-131; and Johnnson, B., et al. (1991) Anal. Biochem. 198: 268-277.
[0088] The term “fluorescence-activated cell sorting” or “FACS, ” as used herein, refers to a specialized type of flow cytometry. It provides a method for sorting a heterogeneous mixture of biological cells into two or more containers, one cell at a time, based upon the specific light scattering and fluorescent characteristics of each cell (FlowMetric. “Sorting Out Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting” . Retrieved 2017-11-09. ) . Instruments for carrying out FACS are known to those of skill in the art and are commercially available to the public. Examples of such instruments include FACS Star Plus, FACScan and FACSort instruments from Becton Dickinson (Foster City, Calif. ) Epics C from Coulter Epics Division (Hialeah, Fla. ) and MoFlo from Cytomation (Colorado Springs, Colo. ) .
[0089] The terms “subject” and “patient” are used interchangeably and include mammals such as humans and non-human primates, as well as rabbits, rats, mice, goats, pigs, and other mammalian species. The term does not necessarily indicate that the subject has been diagnosed with a particular disease, but typically refers to an individual under medical supervision.
[0090] The term “prevent, ” “prevention” or “preventing, ” as used herein, with reference to a certain disease condition in a mammal, refers to preventing or delaying the onset of the disease, or preventing the manifestation of clinical or subclinical symptoms thereof.
[0091] The term “treatment, ” “treating” or “treated, ” as used herein in the context of treating a condition, pertains generally to treatment and therapy, whether of a human or an animal, in which some desired therapeutic effect is achieved, for example, the inhibition of the progress of the condition, and includes a reduction in the rate of progress, a halt in the rate of progress, regression of the condition, amelioration of the condition, and cure of the condition. For cancer, “treating” may refer to dampen or slow the tumor or malignant cell growth, proliferation, or metastasis, or some combination thereof.
[0092] The term “an effective amount, ” as used herein, pertains to that amount of an active compound, or a material, composition or dosage form comprising an active compound, which is effective for producing some desired therapeutic effect, commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio, when administered in accordance with a desired treatment regimen. For instance, the “an effective amount, ” when used in connection with treatment of a disease or condition, refers to an antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof in an amount or concentration effective to treat the said disease or condition.
[0093] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable, ” as used herein, means that the vehicle, diluent, excipient and / or salts thereof, are chemically and / or physically is compatible with other ingredients in the formulation, and the physiologically compatible with the recipient.
[0094] As used herein, the term “apharmaceutically acceptable carrier and / or excipient” refers to a carrier and / or excipient pharmacologically and / or physiologically compatible with a subject and an active agent, which is well known in the art (see, e.g., Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. Edited by Gennaro AR, 19th ed. Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Company, 1995) , and includes, but is not limited to pH adjuster, surfactant, adjuvant and ionic strength enhancer. For example, the pH adjuster includes, but is not limited to, phosphate buffer; the surfactant includes, but is not limited to, cationic, anionic, or non-ionic surfactant, e.g., Tween-80; the ionic strength enhancer includes, but is not limited to, sodium chloride.
[0095] As used herein, the term “adjuvant” refers to a non-specific immunopotentiator, which can enhance immune response to an antigen or change the type of immune response in an organism when it is delivered together with the antigen to the organism or is delivered to the organism in advance. There are a variety of adjuvants, including, but not limited to, aluminum adjuvants (for example, aluminum hydroxide) , Freund’s adjuvants (for example, Freund’s complete adjuvant and Freund’s incomplete adjuvant) , coryne bacterium parvum, lipopolysaccharide, cytokines, and the like. Freund's adjuvant is the most commonly used adjuvant in animal experiments now. Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant is more commonly used in clinical trials.
[0096] Anti-MSLN Antibodies
[0097] In some aspects, the disclosure provides an antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof capable of binding MSLN (such as human, mouse or cyno MSLN) with sufficient affinity such that it substantially or completely inhibits the biological activity of MSLN.
[0098] In some embodiments, the anti-MSLN antibody as disclosed herein are antibodies produced in human germline engineered rats (e.g. OMT rats) immunized with a MSLN protein. In some embodiments, the anti-MSLN antibody as disclosed herein are chimeric antibodies. In some embodiments, the anti-MSLN antibody as disclosed herein are fully human antibodies. The antigen-binding portion of the antibody may be and not limited to, a Fab, a Fab’ , a F (ab’ ) 2, a single chain variable fragment (scFv) , or a diabody.
[0099] The antibodies of the present disclosure are characterized by particular functional features or properties. In some embodiments, the isolated antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof has one or more of the following properties:
[0100] (a) specific binding to cell surface expressed human MSLN protein and / or cyno MSLN protein, e.g. with an EC50 of about 1nM as measured by FACS, while not binding to rodent MSLN protein;
[0101] (b) binding to cell surface expressed MSLN protein is minimally interfered with or affected by circulating soluble MSLN proteins;
[0102] (c) binding to MSLN involves MSLN region III;
[0103] (d) good target internalization and cytotoxic activity, specifically, the antibody shows an IC50 of no more than 1 nM, no more than 0.5 nM, no more than 0.3 nM, or no more than 0.1 nM as measured in an internalization assay;
[0104] (e) good thermal stability; and
[0105] (f) containing little oligomeric form and having low aggregation propensity.
[0106] Binding affinity
[0107] The antibodies as disclosed herein can bind to human and cynomolgus monkey MSLN with sufficiently high affinity. The binding of an antibody of the disclosure to MSLN can be assessed using one or more techniques well established in the art, for instance, ELISA. The binding specificity of an antibody of the disclosure can also be determined by monitoring binding of the antibody to cells expressing an MSLN protein, e.g., flow cytometry. For example, an antibody can be tested by a flow cytometry assay in which the antibody is reacted with a cell line that expresses human MSLN, such as CHOK1 cells that have been transfected to express human MSLN on their cell surface. Cells or cell lines that naturally express MSLN protein, such as OVCAR3 or NCI-N87 cells, can be used. Additionally or alternatively, the binding of the antibody, including the binding kinetics (e.g., KD value) can be tested in BIAcore binding assays or FACS affinity tests.
[0108] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof can bind to cell surface expressing human MSLN with an EC50 of no more than 3 nM, no more than 2 nM, no more than 1.5 nM, or no more than 1.1 nM, as measured by FACS. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof can bind to cell surface expressing cyno MSLN with an EC50 of no more than 2.5 nM, no more than 2.4 nM, no more than 2.3 nM, or no more than 2.2 nM, as measured by FACS. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof can bind to human MSLN with an EC50 of no more than 2 nM, no more than 1.5 nM, no more than 1 nM, or no more than 0.9 nM, as measured by ELISA. In some further embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof can bind to human MSLN Region III with an EC50 of less than 1 nM, as measured by ELISA.
[0109] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof can bind to NCI-N87 cells with an EC50 of no more than 2 nM, no more than 1.5 nM, or no more than 1.1 nM, as measured by FACS. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof can bind to OVCAR3 cells with an EC50 of no more than 2 nM, no more than 1.5 nM, or no more than 1.2 nM, as measured by FACS.
[0110] The binding between the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof to cell surface MSLN is minimally interfered with or affected by soluble MSLN. In some embodiments, at a concentration of 0.5 μg / mL soluble MSLN, the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof can bind to human MSLN engineered cells with an EC50 of no more than about 1.5 nM, as measured by FACS. In some embodiments, at a concentration of 0.5 μg / mL soluble MSLN, the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof can bind to NCI-N87 cells with an EC50 of no more than about 1.1 nM, as measured by FACS. In some embodiments, at a concentration of 0.5 μg / mL soluble MSLN, the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof can bind to OVCAR3 cells with an EC50 of no more than about 1 nM, no more than about 0.6 nM, or no more than about 0.4 nM, as measured by FACS.
[0111] The disclosure provides antibodies or antigen-binding portion thereof than bind an epitope on MSLN different from known anti-MSLN antibodies. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof can bind to MSLN region III located proximally to cell membrane. Preferably, the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of the disclosure binds to cell surface expressed human MSLN with a sufficient affinity while minimally interfered by the presence of surrounding soluble MSLNs. It is proposed that by binding to region III which is closer to cell surface than region I, antibodies may be less interfered by circulating soluble MSLN and may stimulate potential immune effector functions such as ADCC and CDC.
[0112] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof is capable of specifically binding to human MSLN and cynomolgus MSLN.
[0113] Thermal stability
[0114] Each antibody will have a characteristic melting temperature, with a higher melting temperature indicating greater overall stability in vivo (Krishnamurthy R and Manning MC (2002) Curr Pharm Biotechnol 3: 361-71) . Generally, it is preferred that the Tm1 (the temperature of initial unfolding) be greater than 60 ℃, preferably greater than 65 ℃.
[0115] The melting point of an antibody can be measured using differential scanning calorimetry (Chen et al (2003) Pharm Res 20: 1952-60; Ghirlando et al (1999) Immunol Lett 68: 47-52) or circular dichroism (Murray et al. (2002) J. Chromatogr Sci 40: 343-9) . In a preferred embodiment, the antibodies as disclosed herein have minimal or low aggregation effects, which can lead to the triggering of an unwanted immune response and / or altered or unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties. Aggregation can be measured by several techniques, including size-exclusion column (SEC) , high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) , and light scattering.
[0116] Anti-MSLN antibodies comprising CDRs
[0117] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides an isolated antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof comprising:
[0118] A) one or more heavy chain CDRs (HCDRs) selected from the group consisting of:
[0119] a HCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or an amino acid sequence that differs from SEQ ID NO: 1 by an amino acid addition, deletion or substitution of not more than 2 amino acids; a HCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2 or an amino acid sequence that differs from SEQ ID NO: 2 by an amino acid addition, deletion or substitution of not more than 2 amino acids; and a HCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3 or an amino acid sequence that differs from SEQ ID NO: 3 by an amino acid addition, deletion or substitution of not more than 2 amino acids;
[0120] B) one or more light chain CDRs (LCDRs) selected from the group consisting of:
[0121] a LCDR1 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4 or an amino acid sequence that differs from SEQ ID NO: 4 by an amino acid addition, deletion or substitution of not more than 2 amino acids; a LCDR2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5 or an amino acid sequence that differs from SEQ ID NO: 5 by an amino acid addition, deletion or substitution of not more than 2 amino acids; and a LCDR3 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6 or an amino acid sequence that differs from SEQ ID NO: 6 by an amino acid addition, deletion or substitution of not more than 2 amino acids; or
[0122] C) one or more HCDRs of A) and one or more LCDRs of B) .
[0123] Preferably, the substitution is a conservative substitution. In some embodiments, the CDR identification is according to IMGT and Kabat definition.
[0124] In some embodiments, the isolated antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof comprises: a HCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; a HCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; a HCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3; a LCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4; a LCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5; and a LCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6.
[0125] The extent of the framework region and CDRs can be precisely identified using methodology known in the art, for example, by the Kabat definition, the Chothia definition, the AbM definition, the Contact definition, the IMGT definition (all of which are well known in the art) and any combinations thereof. See, e.g., Kabat, E.A., et al. (1991) Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, Fifth Edition, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, NIH Publication No. 91-3242, Chothia et al., (1989) Nature 342: 877; Chothia, C. et al. (1987) J. Mol. Biol. 196: 901-917, Al-lazikani et al (1997) J. Molec. Biol. 273: 927-948; Edelman et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1969 May, 63 (1) : 78-85; and Martin and Allen, in “Handbook of Therapeutic Antibodies” , chapter 5, 2007. See also hgmp. mrc. ac. uk and bioinf. org. uk / abs. Correspondence or alignments between numberings according to different definitions can for example be found at www. imgt. org / (see also Giudicelli V et al. IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics database. Nucleic Acids Res. (1997) 25: 206–11; and Lefranc MP et al., IMGT unique numbering for immunoglobulin and T cell receptor variable domains and Ig superfamily V-like domains. Dev Comp Immunol. (2003) 27: 55–77) .
[0126] As will be appreciated by those in the art, the exact numbering and placement of the CDRs can be different among different numbering systems. However, it should be understood that the disclosure of a variable heavy sequence and / or a variable light sequence includes the disclosure of the associated (inherent) CDRs, regardless of which numbering approach is adopted. Accordingly, the disclosure of each variable region is a disclosure of the CDRs (e.g., HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3) . Two antibodies having the same VH and VL means that their CDRs are identical when determined by the same approach (e.g., the Kabat, AbM, Chothia, Contact, and IMGT numbering approaches as known in the art) . The same antibody as disclosed herein may have a different set of CDRs when determined by a different numbering approach.
[0127] Variable regions and CDRs in an antibody sequence can be identified according to general rules that have been developed in the art (for example, the Kabat, AbM, Chothia, Contact, and IMGT numbering system) or by aligning the sequences against a database of known variable regions. Methods for identifying these regions are described in Kontermann and Dubel, eds., Antibody Engineering, Springer, New York, NY, 2001 and Dinarello et al., Current Protocols in Immunology, John Wiley and Sons Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2000. Exemplary databases of antibody sequences are described in, and can be accessed through, the “Abysis" website at www. bioinf. org. uk / abs (maintained by A.C. Martin in the Department of Biochemistry &Molecular Biology University College London, London, England) and the VBASE2 website at www. vbase2. org, as described in Retter et al., Nucl. Acids Res., 33 (Database issue) : D671 -D674 (2005) . Sequences may be analyzed using the Abysis database, which integrates sequence data from Kabat, IMGT and the Protein Data Bank (PDB) with structural data from the PDB. See Dr. Andrew C.R. Martin's book chapter Protein Sequence and Structure Analysis of Antibody Variable Domains. In: Antibody Engineering Lab Manual (Ed.: Duebel, S. and Kontermann, R., Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, ISBN-13: 978-3540413547, also available on the website bioinforg. uk / abs) . The Abysis database website further includes general rules that have been developed for identifying CDRs which can be used in accordance with the teachings herein.
[0128] In some embodiments, provided herein is an anti-MSLN antibody comprising at least one of the HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3 of the VH region as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7, 9, 10 or 11, and at least one of the LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3 of the VL region as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8.
[0129] In some embodiments, the anti-MSLN antibodies as disclosed herein comprise a VH region and a VL region, wherein the VH region comprises FRW1-HCDR1-FRW2-HCDR2-FRW3-HCDR3-FRW4, and wherein HCDR1 has an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, HCDR2 has an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, and HCDR3 has an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, and / or wherein the VL region comprises FRW1-LCDR1-FRW2-LCDR2-FRW3-LCDR3-FRW4, and wherein LCDR1 has an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4, LCDR2 has an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5, and LCDR3 has an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6.
[0130] In some embodiments, the framework (FR) regions are derived from human germline, e.g. a human immunoglobulin. In some embodiments, the FR regions may include one or more individual FR residue modifications that improve antibody performance, such as stability, binding affinity, isomerization, immunogenicity, etc. For example, the FR regions may comprise a PTM-removal modification to avoid post-translational modification (PTM) . PTMs mainly include isomerization, deamination, glycosylation and oxidation in antibody discovery, all of them have a typical amino acid site, e.g. “DG” for isomerization, “NG” for deamination, “N*T / S” (*stand for other amino acid except P or D) for glycosylation and “M” or “C” for oxidation. Once the PTM sites are found in antibody sequence, especially in key regions like CDR3, PTM removal may be needed to avoid the potential risk of PTM modification while minimally affecting the binding compared to the parental antibody.
[0131] In some embodiments, the antibody comprises an amino acid sequence of “NIS” at positions 70-72 of the amino acid sequence of the VH region. In some other embodiments, the antibody comprises an amino acid modification at any of positions 70-72 of the amino acid sequence of the VH region to remove the “NIS” sequence. Specifically, the antibody may comprise a substitution at position 70, 71 and / or 72 of the amino acid sequence of the VH region. In some embodiments, the antibody comprises a N70Q substitution in the VH region compared to the parental antibody. In some embodiments, the antibody comprises a I71P substitution in the VH region compared to the parental antibody. In some embodiments, the antibody comprises a S72P substitution in the VH region compared to the parental antibody. The FRW1 and FRW4 at the N and C terminal of the VH and / or VL region may be truncated such that it comprises only a partial FRW1 and / or FRW4.
[0132] In some embodiments, the antibody disclosed herein comprises at least one of the heavy chain FRW1, FRW2, FRW3 and FRW4 of the VH region as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7, 9, 10 or 11, and at least one of the light chain FRW1, FRW2, FRW3 and FRW4 of the VL region as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8.
[0133] Anti-MSLN antibodies comprising a heavy chain variable region and a light chain variable region
[0134] In some embodiments, the isolated antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof comprises:
[0135] (A) a heavy chain variable region (VH) :
[0136] (i) comprising the amino acid sequence of one of SEQ ID NOs: 7 and 9-11;
[0137] (ii) comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 85%, 90%, or 95%identity with one of SEQ ID NOs: 7 and 9-11; or
[0138] (iii) comprising an amino acid sequence with addition, deletion and / or substitution of one or more (e.g. 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2) amino acids in the framework regions compared with the amino acid sequence of one of SEQ ID NOs: 7 and 9-11; and / or
[0139] (B) a light chain variable region (VL) :
[0140] (i) comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8;
[0141] (ii) comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 85%, 90%, or 95%identity with SEQ ID NO: 8; or
[0142] (iii) comprising an amino acid sequence with addition, deletion and / or substitution of one or more (e.g. 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2) amino acids in the framework regions compared with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8.
[0143] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequences of the heavy chain variable region and / or the light chain variable region can be at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%identical to the respective sequences set forth above.
[0144] Preferably, the VH and VL as described above have the same set of CDRs as one of SEQ ID NOs: 7-11 and with sequence having at least 85%, 90%, or 95%identity in the framework regions.
[0145] The percent identity between two amino acid sequences can be determined using the algorithm of E. Meyers and W. Miller (Comput. Appl. Biosci., 4: 11-17 (1988) ) which has been incorporated into the ALIGN program (version 2.0) , using a PAM120 weight residue table, a gap length penalty of 12 and a gap penalty of 4. In addition, the percentage of identity between two amino acid sequences can be determined by the algorithm of Needleman and Wunsch (J. Mol. Biol. 48: 444-453 (1970) ) which has been incorporated into the GAP program in the GCG software package (available at http: / / www. gcg. com) , using either a Blossum 62 matrix or a PAM250 matrix, and a gap weight of 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, or 4 and a length weight of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
[0146] Additionally or alternatively, the protein sequences of the present disclosure can further be used as a “query sequence” to perform a search against public databases to, for example, identify related sequences. Such searches can be performed using the XBLAST program (version 2.0) of Altschul, et al. (1990) J. MoI. Biol. 215: 403-10. BLAST protein searches can be performed with the XBLAST program, score = 50, wordlength = 3 to obtain amino acid sequences homologous to the antibody molecules of the disclosure. To obtain gapped alignments for comparison purposes, Gapped BLAST can be utilized as described in Altschul et al, (1997) Nucleic Acids Res. 25 (17) : 3389-3402. When utilizing BLAST and Gapped BLAST programs, the default parameters of the respective programs (e.g., XBLAST and NBLAST) can be used. See www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov.
[0147] In some further embodiments, the isolated antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof may contain conservative substitution or modification of amino acids in the variable regions of the heavy chain and / or light chain. It is understood in the art that certain conservative sequence modification can be made which do not remove antigen binding. See, e.g., Brummell et al. (1993) Biochem 32: 1180-8; de Wildt et al. (1997) Prot. Eng. 10: 835-41; Komissarov et al. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272: 26864-26870; Hall et al. (1992) J. Immunol. 149: 1605-12; Kelley and O’ Connell (1993) Biochem. 32: 6862-35; Adib-Conquy et al. (1998) Int. Immunol. 10: 341-6 and Beers et al. (2000) Clin. Can. Res. 6: 2835-43.
[0148] The term “conservative substitution, ” as used herein, refers to amino acid substitutions which would not disadvantageously affect or change the essential properties of a protein / polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence. For example, a conservative substitution may be introduced by standard techniques known in the art such as site-directed mutagenesis and PCR-mediated mutagenesis. Conservative amino acid substitutions include substitutions wherein an amino acid residue is substituted with another amino acid residue having a similar side chain, for example, a residue physically or functionally similar (such as, having similar size, shape, charge, chemical property including the capability of forming covalent bond or hydrogen bond, etc. ) to the corresponding amino acid residue. The families of amino acid residues having similar side chains have been defined in the art. These families include amino acids having alkaline side chains (for example, lysine, arginine and histidine) , amino acids having acidic side chains (for example, aspartic acid and glutamic acid) , amino acids having uncharged polar side chains (for example, glycine, asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, cysteine, tryptophan) , amino acids having nonpolar side chains (for example, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, methionine) , amino acids having β-branched side chains (such as threonine, valine, isoleucine) and amino acids having aromatic side chains (for example, tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine) . Therefore, a corresponding amino acid residue is preferably substituted with another amino acid residue from the same side-chain family. Methods for identifying amino acid conservative substitutions are well known in the art (see, for example, Brummell et al., Biochem. 32: 1180-1187 (1993) ; Kobayashi et al., Protein Eng. 12 (10) : 879-884 (1999) ; and Burks et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 412-417 (1997) , which are incorporated herein by reference) .
[0149] In a specific embodiment, the isolated antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof comprises: a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, 9, 10 or 11 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8.
[0150] Fc region
[0151] Anti-MSLN antibodies and antigen-binding portions provided herein further comprise an immunoglobulin constant region comprising a Fc region, such as a human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4 Fc region (native or variant thereof) , and optionally a hinge region. In some embodiments, the Fc region is a human IgG1 Fc region, such as a wild-type Fc region or an Fc variant. An Fc variant can possess at least about 80%homology with a native sequence Fc region, or at least about 90%homology therewith, for example, at least about 95%homology therewith. In some embodiments, the Fc region is a human IgG4 Fc region, such as a wild-type Fc region or a Fc variant comprising a S228P substitution. In certain embodiments, the anti-MSLN antibodies disclosed herein comprise wild-type human IgG1 Fc region. The variant Fc region may comprise one or more amino acid changes (e.g., insertions, deletions or substitutions) that alters the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) or other effector functions, or modifying the binding interaction between Fc and FcRn or FcγR, including but not limited to, Leu234Ala / Leu235Ala (LALA) , S298A, E333A, K334A, M252Y / S254T / T256E ( “YTE” ) , M428L / N434S ( “LS” ) , as well as other conventionally adopted substitutions. S298A / E333A / K334A has been shown to result in enhanced ADCC compared to WT IgG when introduced into the humanized IgG1, “YTE” has been shown to increase the binding affinity of the antibody Fc to the MHC Class I neonatal FcR (FcRn) thereby permitting more efficient recycling of administered IgG1 antibody.
[0152] In certain embodiments, the Fc region is an IgG4 Fc region comprising a S228P mutation (according to EU numbering as in Kabat et al. ) that prevents Fab arm exchange and stabilizes IgG4 molecule. In certain embodiments, the Fc region is a IgG1 Fc region and comprises a comprises a LALA mutation, i.e. mutations of L234A and L235A. LALA mutation is perhaps the most commonly used mutation for disrupting antibody effector function, e.g. eliminate Fc binding to specific FcγRs, reduce ADCC activity mediated by PBMCs and monocytes. The “EU numbering system” or “EU index” is generally used when referring to a residue in an immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region (e.g., the EU index reported in Kabat et al., supra) . The “EU numbering as in Kabat” or “EU index as in Kabat” refers to the residue numbering of the human IgG1 EU antibody. Unless stated otherwise herein, references to residue numbers in the constant domain of antibodies means residue numbering by the EU numbering system.
[0153] Monoclonal antibodies can be prepared using a wide variety of techniques known in the art including hybridoma techniques, recombinant techniques, phage display technologies, transgenic animals (e.g., a ) or some combination thereof. For example, monoclonal antibodies can be produced using hybridoma and art-recognized biochemical and genetic engineering techniques such as described in more detail in An, Zhigiang (ed. ) Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies: From Bench to Clinic, John Wiley and Sons, 1st ed. 2009; Shire et. al. (eds. ) Current Trends in Monoclonal Antibody Development and Manufacturing, Springer Science + Business Media LLC, 1st ed. 2010; Harlow et al., Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2nd ed. 1988; Hammerling, et al., in: Monoclonal Antibodies and T-Cell Hybridomas 563-681 (Elsevier, N. Y., 1981) each of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. It should be understood that a selected binding sequence can be further altered, for example, to improve affinity for the target, to humanize the target binding sequence, to improve its production in cell culture, to reduce its immunogenicity in vivo, to create a multispecific antibody, etc., and that an antibody comprising the altered target binding sequence is also an antibody of this invention. In some embodiments, the anti-human MSLN monoclonal antibody is prepared by using hybridoma techniques. Generation of hybridomas is well-known in the art. See, e.g., Harlow and Lane (1988) Antibodies, A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Publications, New York.
[0154] Nucleic Acid Molecules Encoding Antibodies of the Disclosure
[0155] In some aspects, the disclosure is directed to an nucleic acid molecule, comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the heavy chain variable region and / or the light chain variable region of the antibody as disclosed herein.
[0156] Nucleic acids of the disclosure can be obtained using standard molecular biology techniques. For antibodies expressed by hybridomas (e.g., hybridomas prepared from transgenic mice carrying human immunoglobulin genes as described further below) , cDNAs encoding the light and heavy chains of the antibody made by the hybridoma can be obtained by standard PCR amplification or cDNA cloning techniques. For antibodies obtained from an immunoglobulin gene library (e.g., using phage display techniques) , a nucleic acid encoding such antibodies can be recovered from the gene library.
[0157] The nucleic acid encoding the VH region can be converted to a full-length heavy chain gene by operatively linking the VH-encoding nucleic acid to another DNA molecule encoding heavy chain constant regions (CH1, CH2 and CH3) . The sequences of human heavy chain constant region genes are known in the art (see e.g., Kabat et al. (1991) , supra) and DNA fragments encompassing these regions can be obtained by standard PCR amplification. The heavy chain constant region can be an IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA, IgE, IgM or IgD constant region, but more preferably is an IgG1 or IgG4 constant region.
[0158] The nucleic acid encoding the VL region can be converted to a full-length light chain gene (as well as a Fab light chain gene) by operatively linking the VL-encoding DNA to another DNA molecule encoding the light chain constant region, CL. The sequences of human light chain constant region genes are known in the art (see e.g., Kabat et al., supra) and DNA fragments encompassing these regions can be obtained by standard PCR amplification. In preferred embodiments, the light chain constant region can be a kappa or lambda constant region.
[0159] Once DNA fragments encoding VH and VL segments are obtained, these DNA fragments can be further manipulated by standard recombinant DNA techniques, for example to convert the variable region genes to full-length antibody chain genes, to Fab fragment genes or to a scFv gene. In these manipulations, a VL-or VH-encoding DNA fragment is operatively linked to another DNA fragment encoding another protein, such as an antibody constant region or a flexible linker. The term “operatively linked” , as used in this context, is intended to mean that the two DNA fragments are joined such that the amino acid sequences encoded by the two DNA fragments remain in-frame.
[0160] In some embodiments, the disclosure is directed to a nucleic acid molecule, comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the heavy chain variable region of the antibody as disclosed herein.
[0161] In some specific embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule encodes the heavy chain variable region of the antibody and comprises a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
[0162] (A) a nucleic acid sequence that encodes a heavy chain variable region as set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 7 and 9-11;
[0163] (B) a nucleic acid sequence having at least 85%, 90%, or 95%identity to the nucleic acid sequence of (A) ; or
[0164] (C) a nucleic acid sequence that hybridizes under high stringency conditions to the complementary strand of the nucleic acid sequence of (A) .
[0165] In some embodiments, the disclosure is directed to an nucleic acid molecule, comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the light chain variable region of the antibody as disclosed herein.
[0166] In some specific embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule encodes the light chain variable region of the antibody comprises a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
[0167] (A) a nucleic acid sequence that encodes a light chain variable region as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8;
[0168] (B) a nucleic acid sequence having at least 85%, 90%, or 95%identity to the nucleic acid sequence of (A) ; or
[0169] (C) a nucleic acid sequence that hybridizes under high stringency conditions to the complementary strand of the nucleic acid sequence of (A) .
[0170] In some specific embodiments, the percentage of identity is derived from the degeneracy of the genetic code, and the encoded protein sequences remain unchanged.
[0171] Exemplary high stringency conditions include hybridization at 45℃ in 5X SSPE and 45%formamide, and a final wash at 65℃ in 0.1 X SSC. It is understood in the art that conditions of equivalent stringency can be achieved through variation of temperature and buffer, or salt concentration as described Ausubel, et al. (Eds. ) , Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley &Sons (1994) , pp. 6.0.3 to 6.4.10. Modifications in hybridization conditions can be empirically determined or precisely calculated based on the length and the percentage of guanosine / cytosine (GC) base pairing ofthe probe. The hybridization conditions can be calculated as described in Sambrook, et al, (Eds. ) , Molecular Cloning: A laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press: Cold Spring Harbor, New York (1989) , pp. 9.47 to 9.51.
[0172] In some aspects, the disclosure provides a vector comprising the nucleic acid sequence (s) encoding the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof as disclosed herein. A vector in the context of the present disclosure may be any suitable vector, including chromosomal, non-chromosomal, and synthetic nucleic acid vectors (anucleic acid sequence comprising a suitable set of expression control elements) . Examples of such vectors include derivatives of SV40, bacterial plasmids, phage DNA, baculovirus, yeast plasmids, vectors derived from combinations of plasmids and phage DNA, and viral nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) vectors. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence (s) is comprised in a naked DNA or RNA vector, including, for example, a linear expression element (as described in for instance Sykes and Johnston, Nat Biotech 17, 355-59 (1997) ) , a compacted nucleic acid vector (as described in for instance US 6, 077, 835 and / or WO 00 / 70087) , a plasmid vector such as pBR322, pUC 19 / 18, or pUC 118 / 119, a “midge” minimally-sized nucleic acid vector (as described in for instance Schakowski et al., Mol Ther 3, 793-800 (2001) ) , or as a precipitated nucleic acid vector construct, such as a CaP04-precipitated construct (as described in for instance WO200046147, Benvenisty and Reshef, PNAS USA 83, 9551-55 (1986) , Wigler et al., Cell 14, 725 (1978) , and Coraro and Pearson, Somatic Cell Genetics 7, 603 (1981) ) . Such nucleic acid vectors and the usage thereof are well known in the art (see for instance US 5,589,466 and US 5,973,972) .
[0173] In one embodiment, the vector is suitable for expression of the antibody in a bacterial cell. Examples of such vectors include expression vectors such as BlueScript (Stratagene) , pIN vectors (Van Heeke&Schuster, J Biol Chem 264, 5503-5509 (1989) , pET vectors (Novagen, Madison WI) and the like) . A vector may also or alternatively be a vector suitable for expression in a yeast system. Any vector suitable for expression in a yeast system may be employed. Suitable vectors include, for example, vectors comprising constitutive or inducible promoters such as alpha factor, alcohol oxidase and PGH (reviewed in F. Ausubel et al., ed. Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Greene Publishing and Wiley InterScience New York (1987) , and Grant et al., Methods in Enzymol 153, 516-544 (1987) ) .
[0174] A vector may also or alternatively be a vector suitable for expression in mammalian cells, e.g. a vector comprising glutamine synthetase as a selectable marker, such as the vectors described in Bebbington (1992) Biotechnology (NY) 10: 169-175.
[0175] A nucleic acid and / or vector may also comprise a nucleic acid sequence encoding a secretion / localization sequence, which can target a polypeptide, such as a nascent polypeptide chain, to the periplasmic space or into cell culture media. Such sequences are known in the art, and include secretion leader or signal peptides.
[0176] The vector may comprise or be associated with any suitable promoter, enhancer, and other expression-facilitating elements. Examples of such elements include strong expression promoters (e.g., human CMV IE promoter / enhancer as well as RSV, SV40, SL3-3, MMTV, and HIV LTR promoters) , effective poly (A) termination sequences, an origin of replication for plasmid product in E. coli, an antibiotic resistance gene as selectable marker, and / or a convenient cloning site (e.g., a polylinker) . Nucleic acids may also comprise an inducible promoter as opposed to a constitutive promoter such as CMV IE.
[0177] Host Cells
[0178] Host cells as disclosed in the present disclosure may be any cell which is suitable for expressing the antibodies of the present disclosure, for example, yeast, bacterial, plant and mammalian cells. Mammalian host cells for expressing the antibodies of the present disclosure include Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO cells) (including dhfr CHO cells, described in Urlaub and Chasin, (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. ScL USA 77: 4216-4220, used with a DHFR selectable marker, e.g., as described in R. J. Kaufman and P. A. Sharp (1982) J. MoI. Biol. 159: 601-621) , 293F cells, NSO myeloma cells, COS cells and SP2 cells. In particular, for use with NSO myeloma cells, another expression system is the GS gene expression system disclosed in WO 87 / 04462, WO 89 / 01036 and EP 338, 841. Also included are monkey kidney CV1 line transformed by SV40 (COS-7, ATCC CRL 1651) ; human embryonic kidney line (293 or 293 cells subcloned for growth in suspension culture, Graham et al., J. Gen Virol. 36: 59 (1977) ) ; baby hamster kidney cells (BHK, ATCC CCL 10) ; Chinese hamster ovary cells / -DHFR (CHO, Urlaub et al., 1980, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77: 4216) ; mouse sertoli cells (TM4, Mather, 1980, Biol. Reprod. 23: 243-251) ; monkey kidney cells (CV1 ATCC CCL 70) ; African green monkey kidney cells (VERO-76, ATCC CRL-1587) ; human cervical carcinoma cells (HELA, ATCC CCL 2) ; canine kidney cells (MDCK, ATCC CCL 34) ; buffalo rat liver cells (BRL 3A, ATCC CRL 1442) ; human lung cells (W138, ATCC CCL 75) ; human liver cells (Hep G2, HB 8065) ; mouse mammary tumor (MMT 060562, ATCC CCL51) ; TRI cells (Mather et al., 1982, Annals N.Y. Acad. Sci. 383: 44-68) ; MRC 5 cells; FS4 cells; mouse myeloma cells, such as NSO (e.g. RCB0213, 1992, Bio / Technology 10: 169) and SP2 / 0 cells (e.g. SP2 / 0-Ag14 cells, ATCC CRL 1581) ; rat myeloma cells, such as YB2 / 0 cells (e.g. YB2 / 3HL. P2. G11.16Ag. 20 cells, ATCC CRL 1662) ; PER. C6 cells; and a human hepatoma line (Hep G2) . CHO cells are one of the cell lines that can be used herein, with CHO-K1, DUK-B11, CHO-DP12, CHO-DG44 (Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics 12: 555 (1986) ) , and Lec13 being exemplary host cell lines. In the case of CHO-K1, DUK-B11, DG44 or CHO-DP12 host cells, these may be altered such that they are deficient in their ability to fucosylate proteins expressed therein. In some embodiments, the host cells herein are selected from CHO, CHO-S, HEK, HEK293, HEK-293F, Expi293F, PER. C6 or NSO cells or lymphocytic cells.
[0179] Suitable prokaryotes for this purpose include eubacteria, such as Gram-negative or Gram-positive organisms, for example, Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia, e.g., E. coli, Enterobacter, Erwinia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, e.g., Salmonella typhimurium, Serratia, e.g., Serratia marcescans, and Shigella, as well as Bacilli such as B. subtilis and B. licheniformis, Pseudomonas such as P. aeruginosa, and Streptomyces.
[0180] In addition to prokaryotes, eukaryotic microbes such as filamentous fungi or yeast are also suitable cloning or expression hosts for antibody-encoding vectors. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or common baker’s yeast, is the most commonly used among lower eukaryotic host microorganisms. However, a number of other genera, species, and strains are commonly available and useful herein, such as Schizosaccharomyces pombe; Kluyveromyces hosts such as, e.g., K. lactis, K. fragilis (ATCC 12, 424) , K. bulgaricus (ATCC 16, 045) , K. wickeramii (ATCC 24, 178) , K. waltii (ATCC 56, 500) , K. drosophilarum (ATCC 36, 906) , K. thermotolerans, and K. marxianus; yarrowia (EP 402, 226) ; Pichia pastoris (EP 183, 070) ; Candida; Trichoderma reesia (EP 244, 234) ; Neurosporacrassa; Schwanniomyces such as Schwanniomycesoccidentalis; and filamentous fungi such as, e.g., Neurospora, Penicillium, Tolypocladium, and Aspergillus hosts such as A. nidulans and A. niger.
[0181] When recombinant expression vectors encoding an antibody are introduced into mammalian host cells, the antibody is produced by culturing the host cells for a period of time sufficient to allow for expression of the antibody in the host cells or, secretion of the antibody into the culture medium in which the host cells are grown. Antibodies can be recovered from the culture medium using standard protein purification methods.
[0182] Pharmaceutical Compositions
[0183] In some aspects, the disclosure is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof as disclosed herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a nucleic acid encoding the antibody as disclosed herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a cell expressing the antibody as disclosed herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0184] Components of the compositions
[0185] The pharmaceutical composition may optionally contain one or more additional pharmaceutically active ingredients, such as another antibody or a drug. The pharmaceutical compositions of the disclosure also can be administered in a combination therapy with, for example, another immune-stimulatory agent, anti-cancer agent, an antiviral agent, or a vaccine. A pharmaceutically acceptable carrier can include, for example, a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid, gel or solid carriers, an aqueous medium, a non-aqueous medium, an anti-microbial agent, isotonic agents, buffers, antioxidants, anesthetics, suspending / dispersing agent, a chelating agent, a diluent, adjuvant, excipient or a nontoxic auxiliary substance, other known in the art various combinations of components or more.
[0186] Suitable components may include, for example, antioxidants, fillers, binders, disintegrating agents, buffers, preservatives, lubricants, flavorings, thickening agents, coloring agents, emulsifiers or stabilizers such as sugars and cyclodextrin. Suitable anti-oxidants may include, for example, methionine, ascorbic acid, EDTA, sodium thiosulfate, platinum, catalase, citric acid, cysteine, mercapto glycerol, thioglycolic acid, mercapto sorbitol, butyl methyl anisole, butylated hydroxy toluene and / or propyl gallate. As disclosed in the present disclosure, in a solvent containing an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment of the present disclosure discloses compositions include one or more anti-oxidants such as methionine, reducing antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof may be oxidized. The oxidation reduction may prevent or reduce a decrease in binding affinity, thereby enhancing antibody stability and extended shelf life. Thus, in some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising one or more antibodies or antigen binding fragment thereof and one or more anti-oxidants such as methionine. The present disclosure further provides a variety of methods, wherein an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is mixed with one or more anti-oxidants, such as methionine, so that the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof can be prevented from oxidation, to extend their shelf life and / or increased activity.
[0187] To further illustrate, pharmaceutical acceptable carriers may include, for example, aqueous vehicles such as sodium chloride injection, Ringer's injection, isotonic dextrose injection, sterile water injection, or dextrose and lactated Ringer's injection, nonaqueous vehicles such as fixed oils of vegetable origin, cottonseed oil, corn oil, sesame oil, or peanut oil, antimicrobial agents at bacteriostatic or fungistatic concentrations, isotonic agents such as sodium chloride or dextrose, buffers such as phosphate or citrate buffers, antioxidants such as sodium bisulfate, local anesthetics such as procaine hydrochloride, suspending and dispersing agents such as sodium carboxymethylcelluose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, or polyvinylpyrrolidone, emulsifying agents such as Polysorbate 80 (TWEEN-80) , sequestering or chelating agents such as EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) or EGTA (ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid) , ethyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, citric acid, or lactic acid. Antimicrobial agents utilized as carriers may be added to pharmaceutical compositions in multiple-dose containers that include phenols or cresols, mercurials, benzyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, methyl and propyl p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters, thimerosal, benzalkonium chloride and benzethonium chloride. Suitable excipients may include, for example, water, saline, dextrose, glycerol, or ethanol. Suitable non-toxic auxiliary substances may include, for example, wetting or emulsifying agents, pH buffering agents, stabilizers, solubility enhancers, or agents such as sodium acetate, sorbitan monolaurate, triethanolamine oleate, or cyclodextrin.
[0188] Administration, Formulation and Dosage
[0189] The pharmaceutical composition of the disclosure may be administered in vivo, to a subject in need thereof, by various routes, including, but not limited to, oral, intravenous, intra-arterial, subcutaneous, parenteral, intranasal, intramuscular, intracranial, intracardiac, intraventricular, intratracheal, buccal, rectal, intraperitoneal, intradermal, topical, transdermal, and intrathecal, or otherwise by implantation or inhalation. The subject compositions may be formulated into preparations in solid, semi-solid, liquid, or gaseous forms; including, but not limited to, tablets, capsules, powders, granules, ointments, solutions, suppositories, enemas, injections, inhalants, and aerosols. The appropriate formulation and route of administration may be selected according to the intended application and therapeutic regimen.
[0190] Suitable formulations for enteral administration include hard or soft gelatin capsules, pills, tablets, including coated tablets, elixirs, suspensions, syrups or inhalations and controlled release forms thereof.
[0191] Formulations suitable for parenteral administration (e.g., by injection) , include aqueous or non-aqueous, isotonic, pyrogen-free, sterile liquids (e.g., solutions, suspensions) , in which the active ingredient is dissolved, suspended, or otherwise provided (e.g., in a liposome or other microparticulate) . Such liquids may additional contain other pharmaceutically acceptable ingredients, such as anti-oxidants, buffers, preservatives, stabilizers, bacteriostats, suspending agents, thickening agents, and solutes which render the formulation isotonic with the blood (or other relevant bodily fluid) of the intended recipient. Examples of excipients include, for example, water, alcohols, polyols, glycerol, vegetable oils, and the like. Examples of suitable isotonic carriers for use in such formulations include Sodium Chloride Injection, Ringer's Solution, or Lactated Ringer's Injection. Similarly, the particular dosage regimen, including dose, timing and repetition, will depend on the particular individual and that individual's medical history, as well as empirical considerations such as pharmacokinetics (e.g., half-life, clearance rate, etc. ) .
[0192] Frequency of administration may be determined and adjusted over the course of therapy and is based on reducing the number of proliferative or tumorigenic cells, maintaining the reduction of such neoplastic cells, reducing the proliferation of neoplastic cells, or delaying the development of metastasis. In some embodiments, the dosage administered may be adjusted or attenuated to manage potential side effects and / or toxicity. Alternatively, sustained continuous release formulations of a subject therapeutic composition may be appropriate.
[0193] It will be appreciated by one of skill in the art that appropriate dosages can vary from patient to patient. Determining the optimal dosage will generally involve the balancing of the level of therapeutic benefit against any risk or deleterious side effects. The selected dosage level will depend on a variety of factors including, but not limited to, the activity of the particular compound, the route of administration, the time of administration, the rate of excretion of the compound, the duration of the treatment, other drugs, compounds, and / or materials used in combination, the severity of the condition, and the species, sex, age, weight, condition, general health, and prior medical history of the patient. The amount of compound and route of administration will ultimately be at the discretion of the physician, veterinarian, or clinician, although generally the dosage will be selected to achieve local concentrations at the site of action that achieve the desired effect without causing substantial harmful or deleterious side-effects.
[0194] In general, the antibody or the antigen binding portion thereof of the disclosure may be administered in various ranges. These include about 5 μg / kg body weight to about 40 mg / kg body weight per dose; about 50 μg / kg body weight to about 5 mg / kg body weight per dose; about 100 μg / kg body weight to about 10 mg / kg body weight per dose. Other ranges include about 100 μg / kg body weight to about 20 mg / kg body weight per dose and about 0.5 mg / kg body weight to about 20 mg / kg body weight per dose. In certain embodiments, the dosage is at least about 100 μg / kg body weight, at least about 250 μg / kg body weight, at least about 750 μg / kg body weight, at least about 3 mg / kg body weight, at least about 5 mg / kg body weight, at least about 10 mg / kg body weight.
[0195] In any event, the antibody or the antigen binding portion thereof of the disclosure is preferably administered as needed to subjects in need thereof. Determination of the frequency of administration may be made by persons skilled in the art, such as an attending physician based on considerations of the condition being treated, age of the subject being treated, severity of the condition being treated, general state of health of the subject being treated and the like.
[0196] In certain preferred embodiments, the course of treatment involving the antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof of the present disclosure will comprise multiple doses of the selected drug product over a period of weeks or months. More specifically, the antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof of the present disclosure may be administered once every day, every two days, every four days, every week, every ten days, every two weeks, every three weeks, every month, every six weeks, every two months, every ten weeks or every three months. In this regard, it will be appreciated that the dosages may be altered or the interval may be adjusted based on patient response and clinical practices.
[0197] Dosages and regimens may also be determined empirically for the disclosed therapeutic compositions in individuals who have been given one or more administration (s) . For example, individuals may be given incremental dosages of a therapeutic composition produced as described herein. In selected embodiments, the dosage may be gradually increased or reduced or attenuated based respectively on empirically determined or observed side effects or toxicity. To assess efficacy of the selected composition, a marker of the specific disease, disorder or condition can be followed as described previously. For cancer, these include direct measurements of tumor size via palpation or visual observation, indirect measurement of tumor size by x-ray or other imaging techniques; an improvement as assessed by direct tumor biopsy and microscopic examination of the tumor sample; the measurement of an indirect tumor marker (e.g., PSA for prostate cancer) or a tumorigenic antigen identified according to the methods described herein, a decrease in pain or paralysis; improved speech, vision, breathing or other disability associated with the tumor; increased appetite; or an increase in quality of life as measured by accepted tests or prolongation of survival.
[0198] Compatible formulations for parenteral administration (e.g., intravenous injection) will comprise the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof as disclosed herein in concentrations of from about 10 μg / ml to about 100 mg / ml, such as 20 μg / ml, 40 μg / ml, 60 μg / ml, 80 μg / ml, 100 μg / ml, 200 μg / ml, 300, μg / ml, 400 μg / ml, 500 μg / ml, 600 μg / ml, 700 μg / ml, 800 μg / ml, 900 μg / ml, 1 mg / ml, 2 mg / ml, 3 mg / ml, 4 mg / ml, 5 mg / ml, 6 mg / ml, 8 mg / ml, 10 mg / ml, 12 mg / ml, 14 mg / ml, 16 mg / ml, 18 mg / ml, 20 mg / ml, 25 mg / ml, 30 mg / ml, 35 mg / ml, 40 mg / ml, 45 mg / ml, 50 mg / ml, 60 mg / ml, 70 mg / ml, 80 mg / ml, 90 mg / ml or 100 mg / ml. It will be apparent to one of skill in the art that the dosage of the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof as disclosed herein may vary depending on the individual, the type of neoplastic condition, the stage of neoplastic condition, whether the neoplastic condition has begun to metastasize to other location in the individual, the past and concurrent treatments being used, and the dosage of therapeutic agents used in combination with the antibody as disclosed herein.
[0199] Applications of the Disclosure
[0200] The antibodies, antibody compositions, nucleic acids encoding the antibodies and methods of the present disclosure have numerous in vitro and in vivo diagnostic and therapeutic utilities involving the diagnosis and treatment of mesothelin-mediated disorders. For example, these molecules can be administered to cells in culture, in vitro or ex vivo, or to human subjects, to treat, prevent and to diagnose a variety of disorders. Preferred subjects include human patients having disorders mediated by mesothelin activity, particularly human patients having a disorder associated with aberrant mesothelin expression.
[0201] The present disclosure provides methods for detecting the presence of MSLN antigen in a sample, or measuring the amount of MSLN antigen, comprising contacting the sample, and a control sample, with the anti-MSLN antibody or an antigen binding portion thereof, under conditions that allow for formation of a complex between the antibody or portion thereof and MSLN. The formation of a complex is then detected, wherein a difference in complex formation between the sample compared to the control sample is indicative of the presence of MSLN antigen in the sample.
[0202] Further, the antibodies as disclosed herein can be used in therapy and diagnosis of mesothelin-related diseases. For example, the antibodies can be used to elicit in vivo or in vitro one or more of the following biological activities: to inhibit the growth of and / or kill a cell (e.g. tumor cells) expressing mesothelin; to mediate phagocytosis of a cell expressing mesothelin in the presence of human effector cells, or to block mesothelin ligand binding to mesothelin.
[0203] In some embodiments, the antibodies or pharmaceutical compositions are used in vivo to treat, prevent or diagnose a variety of mesothelin-related diseases, such as a mesothelin-expressing cancer. Examples of mesothelin-related diseases include, among others, ovarian, pancreatic, stomach, lung, uterine, endometrial, bile duct, gastric / esophageal, colorectal, breast cancers, sarcoma, hematologic cancers including leukemia and lymphoma, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and myeloma.
[0204] In view of the association of mesothelin with certain tumors, the invention provides a method of inhibiting the growth of a mesothelin-expressing tumor cell, comprising contacting the tumor cell with an anti-mesothelin antibody of the disclosure such that growth of the tumor cells is inhibited. In some embodiments, the mesothelin-expressing tumor cell is a mesothelioma cell, or a tumor cell associated with ovarian, pancreatic, stomach, lung, uterine, endometrial, bile duct, gastric / esophageal, colorectal, and breast cancers. In some other embodiments, the mesothelin-expressing tumor cell is a mesothelioma cell, a pancreatic tumor cell, an ovarian tumor cell, a stomach tumor cell, a lung tumor cell or an endometrial tumor cell. In some embodiments, the tumor cell is from a cancer selected from the group consisting of mesotheliomas, papillary serous ovarian adenocarcinomas, clear cell ovarian carcinomas, mixed Mullerian ovarian carcinomas, endometroid mucinous ovarian carcinomas, pancreatic adenocarcinomas, ductal pancreatic adenocarcinomas, uterine serous carcinomas, lung adenocarcinomas, extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas, gastric adenocarcinomas, esophageal adenocarcinomas, colorectal adenocarcinomas and breast adenocarcinomas, cholangiocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, triple-negative breast cancer, and resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In some other embodiments, the tumor cell is from a hematologic cancer including leukemia and lymphoma, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and myeloma.
[0205] Treatment of disorders including cancers
[0206] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of treating a disorder or a disease in a mammal, which comprises administering to the subject (for example, a human) in need of treatment a therapeutically effective amount of the anti-MSLN antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof as disclosed herein. The disorder or disease may be a cancer.
[0207] MSLN is implicated in a variety of cancers, whether malignant or benign and whether primary or secondary, which may be treated or prevented with a method provided by the disclosure. The cancers may be solid cancers or hematologic malignancies. Examples of such cancers include lung cancers such as bronchogenic carcinoma (e.g., non-small cell lung cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma) , alveolar cell carcinoma, bronchial adenoma, chondromatous hamartoma (noncancerous) , and sarcoma (cancerous) ; heart cancer such as myxoma, fibromas, and rhabdomyomas; bone cancers such as osteochondromas, condromas, chondroblastomas, chondromyxoid fibromas, osteoid osteomas, giant cell tumors, chondrosarcoma, multiple myeloma, osteosarcoma, fibrosarcomas, malignant fibrous histiocytomas, Ewing's tumor (Ewing's sarcoma) , and reticulum cell sarcoma; brain cancer such as gliomas (e.g., glioblastoma multiforme) , anaplastic astrocytomas, astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, medulloblastomas, chordoma, Schwannomas, ependymomas, meningiomas, pituitary adenoma, pinealoma, osteomas, hemangioblastomas, craniopharyngiomas, chordomas, germinomas, teratomas, dermoid cysts, and angiomas; cancers in digestive system such as colon cancer, leiomyoma, epidermoid carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, leiomyosarcoma, stomach adenocarcinomas, intestinal lipomas, intestinal neurofibromas, intestinal fibromas, polyps in large intestine, and colorectal cancers; liver cancers such as hepatocellular adenomas, hemangioma, hepatocellular carcinoma, fibrolamellar carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, hepatoblastoma, and angiosarcoma; kidney cancers such as kidney adenocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, hypernephroma, and transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis; bladder cancers; skin cancers such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, and Paget's disease; head and neck cancers; eye-related cancers such as retinoblastoma and intraoccular melanocarcinoma; male reproductive system cancers such as benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, and testicular cancers (e.g., seminoma, teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, and choriocarcinoma) ; breast cancer; female reproductive system cancers such as uterine cancer (endometrial carcinoma) , cervical cancer (cervical carcinoma) , cancer of the ovaries (ovarian carcinoma) , vulvar carcinoma, vaginal carcinoma, fallopian tube cancer, and hydatidiform mole; thyroid cancer (including papillary, follicular, anaplastic, or medullary cancer) ; pheochromocytomas (adrenal gland) ; noncancerous growths of the parathyroid glands; pancreatic cancers; hematological cancers such as acute lymphocytic (lymphoblastic) leukemia, acute myeloid (myelocytic, myelogenous, myeloblasts, myelomonocytic) leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (e.g., Sezary syndrome and hairy cell leukemia) , chronic myelocytic (myeloid, myelogenous, granulocytic) leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, B cell lymphoma, including low grade / follicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) , small lymphocytic (SL) NHL, intermediate grade / follicular NHL, intermediate grade diffuse NHL, high grade immunoblastic NHL; high grade lymphoblastic NHL, high grade small non-cleaved cell NHL, bulky disease NHL, mantle cell lymphoma, AIDS-related lymphoma; and myeloproliferative disorders (including polycythemia vera, myelofibrosis, thrombocythemia, and chronic myelocytic leukemia) .
[0208] In some embodiments, the antibodies herein can be used for the treatment of mesotheliomas, ovarian cancers, pancreatic cancers, stomach cancers, lung cancers or endometrial cancers. In some specific embodiments, the antibodies are used in the treatment of a cancer selected from the group consisting of mesotheliomas, papillary serous ovarian adenocarcinomas, clear cell ovarian carcinomas, mixed Mullerian ovarian carcinomas, endometroid mucinous ovarian carcinomas, pancreatic adenocarcinomas, ductal pancreatic adenocarcinomas, uterine serous carcinomas, lung adenocarcinomas, extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas, gastric adenocarcinomas, esophageal adenocarcinomas, colorectal adenocarcinomas and breast adenocarcinomas. In some specific embodiments, the antibodies are used in the treatment of a cancer selected from leukemia and lymphoma, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and myeloma.
[0209] Stimulation of an immune response
[0210] In some aspects, the disclosure also provides a method of enhancing (for example, stimulating) an immune response in a subject comprising administering an antibody or an antigen binding portion thereof of the disclosure to the subject such that an immune response in the subject is enhanced. For example, the subject is a mammal. In a specific embodiment, the subject is a human.
[0211] The term “enhancing an immune response” or its grammatical variations, means stimulating, evoking, increasing, improving, or augmenting any response of a mammal’s immune system. The immune response may be a cellular response (i.e. cell-mediated, such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte mediated) or a humoral response (i.e. antibody mediated response) , and may be a primary or secondary immune response. The enhancement of immune response can be assessed using a number of in vitro or in vivo measurements known to those skilled in the art, including, but not limited to, cytotoxic T lymphocyte assays, release of cytokines (for example IL-2 production or IFN-γ production) , regression of tumors, survival of tumor bearing animals, antibody production, immune cell proliferation, expression of cell surface markers, and cytotoxicity. Typically, methods of the disclosure enhance the immune response by a mammal when compared to the immune response by an untreated mammal or a mammal not treated using the methods as disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the antibody or an antigen binding portion thereof is used to enhance the immune response of a human to a vaccine.
[0212] The antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof may be used alone as a monotherapy, or may be used in combination with chemical therapies, radiotherapies and immune cell therapies.
[0213] Combined use with chemotherapies
[0214] The antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof may be used in combination with (prior to, simultaneously with or following administration of the antibody as disclosed herein) an anti-cancer agent, a cytotoxic agent or chemotherapeutic agent.
[0215] The term “anti-cancer agent” or “anti-proliferative agent” means any agent that can be used to treat a cell proliferative disorder such as cancer, and includes, but is not limited to, cytotoxic agents, cytostatic agents, anti-angiogenic agents, debulking agents, chemotherapeutic agents, radiotherapy and radiotherapeutic agents, targeted anti-cancer agents, BRMs, therapeutic antibodies, cancer vaccines, cytokines, hormone therapies, radiation therapy and anti-metastatic agents and immunotherapeutic agents.
[0216] As used herein the term “cytotoxic agent” means a substance that is toxic to the cells and decreases or inhibits the function of cells and / or causes destruction of cells. In certain embodiments, the substance is a naturally occurring molecule derived from a living organism. Examples of cytotoxic agents include, but are not limited to, small molecule toxins or enzymatically active toxins of bacteria (e.g., Diptheria toxin, Pseudomonas endotoxin and exotoxin, Staphylococcal enterotoxin A) , fungal (e.g., α-sarcin, restrictocin) , plants (e.g., abrin, ricin, modeccin, viscumin, pokeweed anti-viral protein, saporin, gelonin, momoridin, trichosanthin, barley toxin, Aleurites fordii proteins, dianthin proteins, Phytolacca mericana proteins (PAPI, PAPII, and PAP-S) , Momordica charantia inhibitor, curcin, crotin, saponaria officinalis inhibitor, gelonin, mitegellin, restrictocin, phenomycin, neomycin, and the tricothecenes) or animals, (e.g., cytotoxic RNases, such as extracellular pancreatic RNases; DNase I, including fragments and / or variants thereof) .
[0217] For the purposes of the present disclosure a “chemotherapeutic agent” comprises a chemical compound that non-specifically decreases or inhibits the growth, proliferation, and / or survival of cancer cells (e.g., cytotoxic or cytostatic agents) . Such chemical agents are often directed to intracellular processes necessary for cell growth or division, and are thus particularly effective against cancerous cells, which generally grow and divide rapidly. For example, vincristine depolymerizes microtubules, and thus inhibits cells from entering mitosis. In general, chemotherapeutic agents can include any chemical agent that inhibits, or is designed to inhibit, a cancerous cell or a cell likely to become cancerous or generate tumorigenic progeny (e.g., TIC) . Such agents are often administered, and are often most effective, in combination, e.g., in regimens such as CHOP or FOLFIRI.
[0218] Examples of anti-cancer agents that may be used in combination with the antibody of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, alkylating agents, alkyl sulfonates, aziridines, ethylenimines and methylamelamines, acetogenins, a camptothecin, bryostatin, callystatin, CC-1065, cryptophycins, dolastatin, duocarmycin, eleutherobin, pancratistatin, a sarcodictyin, spongistatin, nitrogen mustards, antibiotics, enediyne antibiotics, dynemicin, bisphosphonates, esperamicin, chromoprotein enediyne antiobiotic chromophores, aclacinomysins, actinomycin, authramycin, azaserine, bleomycins, cactinomycin, carabicin, carminomycin, carzinophilin, chromomycinis, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, detorubicin, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine, doxorubicin, epirubicin, esorubicin, idarubicin, marcellomycin, mitomycins, mycophenolic acid, nogalamycin, olivomycins, peplomycin, potfiromycin, puromycin, quelamycin, rodorubicin, streptonigrin, streptozocin, tubercidin, ubenimex, zinostatin, zorubicin; anti-metabolites, erlotinib, vemurafenib, crizotinib, sorafenib, ibrutinib, enzalutamide, folic acid analogues, purine analogs, androgens, anti-adrenals, folic acid replenisher such as frolinic acid, aceglatone, aldophosphamide glycoside, aminolevulinic acid, eniluracil, amsacrine, bestrabucil, bisantrene, edatraxate, defofamine, demecolcine, diaziquone, elfornithine, elliptinium acetate, an epothilone, etoglucid, gallium nitrate, hydroxyurea, lentinan, lonidainine, maytansinoids, mitoguazone, mitoxantrone, mopidanmol, nitraerine, pentostatin, phenamet, pirarubicin, losoxantrone, podophyllinic acid, 2-ethylhydrazide, procarbazine, polysaccharide complex (JHS Natural Products, Eugene, OR) , razoxane; rhizoxin; sizofiran; spirogermanium; tenuazonic acid; triaziquone; 2, 2', 2"-trichlorotriethylamine; trichothecenes (especially T-2 toxin, verracurin A, roridin A and anguidine) ; urethan; vindesine; dacarbazine; mannomustine; mitobronitol; mitolactol; pipobroman; gacytosine; arabinoside ( “Ara-C” ) ; cyclophosphamide; thiotepa; taxoids, chloranbucil; gemcitabine; 6-thioguanine; mercaptopurine; methotrexate; platinum analogs, vinblastine; platinum; etoposide (VP-16) ; ifosfamide; mitoxantrone; vincristine; vinorelbine; novantrone; teniposide; edatrexate; daunomycin; aminopterin; xeloda; ibandronate; irinotecan (Camptosar, CPT-11) , topoisomerase inhibitor RFS 2000; difluorometlhylornithine; retinoids; capecitabine; combretastatin; leucovorin; oxaliplatin; inhibitors of PKC-alpha, Raf, H-Ras, EGFR and VEGF-Athat reduce cell proliferation and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, acids or derivatives of any of the above. Also included in this definition are anti-hormonal agents that act to regulate or inhibit hormone action on tumors such as anti-estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators, aromatase inhibitors that inhibit the enzyme aromatase, which regulates estrogen production in the adrenal glands, and anti-androgens; as well as troxacitabine (a1, 3-dioxolane nucleoside cytosine analog) ; antisense oligonucleotides, ribozymes such as a VEGF expression inhibitor and a MSLN expression inhibitor; vaccines, rIL-2; topoisomerase 1 inhibitor; rmRH; Vinorelbine and Esperamicins and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, acids or derivatives of any of the above.
[0219] Combined use with radiotherapies
[0220] The present disclosure also provides for the combination of the antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof with radiotherapy (i.e., any mechanism for inducing DNA damage locally within tumor cells such as gamma-irradiation, X-rays, UV-irradiation, microwaves, electronic emissions and the like) . Combination therapy using the directed delivery of radioisotopes to tumor cells is also contemplated, and the disclosed antibodies may be used in connection with a targeted anti-cancer agent or other targeting means. Typically, radiation therapy is administered in pulses over a period of time from about 1 to about 2 weeks. The radiation therapy may be administered to subjects having head and neck cancer for about 6 to 7 weeks. Optionally, the radiation therapy may be administered as a single dose or as multiple, sequential doses.
[0221] Pharmaceutical packs and kits
[0222] Pharmaceutical packs and kits comprising one or more containers, comprising one or more doses of the antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof are also provided. In certain embodiments, a unit dosage is provided wherein the unit dosage contains a predetermined amount of a composition comprising, for example, the antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof, with or without one or more additional agents. For other embodiments, such a unit dosage is supplied in single-use prefilled syringe for injection. In still other embodiments, the composition contained in the unit dosage may comprise saline, sucrose, or the like; a buffer, such as phosphate, or the like; and / or be formulated within a stable and effective pH range. Alternatively, in certain embodiments, the composition may be provided as a lyophilized powder that may be reconstituted upon addition of an appropriate liquid, for example, sterile water or saline solution. In certain preferred embodiments, the composition comprises one or more substances that inhibit protein aggregation, including, but not limited to, sucrose and arginine. Any label on, or associated with, the container (s) indicates that the enclosed composition is used for treating the neoplastic disease condition of choice.
[0223] The present disclosure also provides kits for producing single-dose or multi-dose administration units of antibodies and, optionally, one or more anti-cancer agents. The kit comprises a container and a label or package insert on or associated with the container. Suitable containers include, for example, bottles, vials, syringes, etc. The containers may be formed from a variety of materials such as glass or plastic and contain a pharmaceutically effective amount of the disclosed antibodies. In other embodiments, the container (s) comprise a sterile access port (for example the container may be an intravenous solution bag or a vial having a stopper pierceable by a hypodermic injection needle) . Such kits will generally contain in a suitable container a pharmaceutically acceptable formulation of the antibodies and, optionally, one or more anti-cancer agents in the same or different containers. The kits may also contain other pharmaceutically acceptable formulations, either for diagnosis or combined therapy. For example, in addition to the antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof of the disclosure such kits may contain any one or more of a range of anti-cancer agents such as chemotherapeutic or radiotherapeutic drugs; anti-angiogenic agents; anti-metastatic agents; targeted anti-cancer agents; cytotoxic agents; and / or other anti-cancer agents.
[0224] More specifically the kits may have a single container that contains the disclosed antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof, with or without additional components, or they may have distinct containers for each desired agent. The kits may also comprise a second / third container means for containing a sterile, pharmaceutically acceptable buffer or other diluents such as bacteriostatic water for injection (BWFI) , phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) , Ringer's solution and dextrose solution.
[0225] When the components of the kit are provided in one or more liquid solutions, the liquid solution is preferably an aqueous solution, with a sterile aqueous or saline solution being particularly preferred. However, the components of the kit may be provided as dried powder (s) . When reagents or components are provided as a dry powder, the powder can be reconstituted by the addition of a suitable solvent. It is envisioned that the solvent may also be provided in another container.
[0226] As indicated briefly above the kits may also contain a means by which to administer the antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof and any optional components to a patient, e.g., one or more needles, I.V. bags or syringes, or even an eye dropper, pipette, or other such like apparatus, from which the formulation may be injected or introduced into the animal or applied to a diseased area of the body. The kits of the present disclosure will also typically include a means for containing the vials, or such like, and other component in close confinement for commercial sale, such as, e.g., injection or blow-molded plastic containers into which the desired vials and other apparatus are placed and retained.
[0227] Sequence Listing Summary
[0228] Appended to the instant application is a sequence listing comprising a number of amino acid sequences. The following Table A, B and C provide a summary of the included sequences.
[0229] W305044-1.100.1 is the parental hybridoma clone which is PTM removed in the VH framework region to obtain W305044-1.100.1-p1, W305044-1.100.1-p2 and W305044-1.100.1-p3. The variable regions may be fused with different constant regions to construct antibodies.
[0230] Table A: CDR sequences of antibodies / clones W305044-1.100.1 (W305044-1.100.1-p1, W305044-1.100.1-p2, W305044-1.100.1-p3) (IMGT &Kabat)
[0231] Table B: Amino acid sequences of the variable regions
[0232] Table C: Sequences of the heavy and light chains
[0233] EXAMPLES
[0234] The present disclosure, thus generally described, will be understood more readily by reference to the following Examples, which are provided by way of illustration and are not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure. The Examples are not intended to represent that the experiments below are all or the only experiments performed.
[0235] EXAMPLE 1
[0236] Preparation of Antigens, Benchmark Antibodies and Cell Lines
[0237] 1.1 Generation of antigens
[0238] The amino acid sequences encoding the extracellular domain of human MSLN (UniProt: KB-Q13421-3, residues 296 to 580) and cynomolgus monkey MSLN (UniProt: A0A2K5TW94, residues 296 to 598) were first codon optimized for mammalian expression and then synthesized by GENEWIZ (Su Zhou, CHINA) . The DNA segment was then sub-cloned into the pcDNA3.3 expression vector with 6x His or human Fc at the C-terminal and expressed.
[0239] Table 1. Abbreviations of the antigens
[0240] 1.2 Preparation of benchmark antibodies (BMKs)
[0241] Two anti-MSLN antibodies were used as controls. The amino acid sequences encoding the variable domains of one anti-MSLN antibody (sequences disclosed in WO2018 / 209304; named as Harpoon mAb herein) and another anti-MSLN antibody (sequences disclosed in WO2017 / 021356; named as Amgen mAb herein) were first codon optimized for mammalian expression and synthesized by GENEWIZ (Su Zhou, CHINA) . The DNA segments were then sub-cloned into pcDNA3.4 expression vectors with constant region of human IgG1. The information of the benchmark antibodies is further provided in Table 2.
[0242] Table 2. Reference antibody information
[0243] 1.3 Cell Pool / Line Generation
[0244] Engineered cell lines stably expressing human, cynomolgus monkey or mouse MSLNs were constructed, and named as W3xx044-CHOK1. hPro1. G8, W3xx044-FlpinCHO. cPro1. FL. Pool and W3xx044-FlpinCHO. mPro1. FL. Pool, respectively. Briefly, the CHO-K1 cells at 70-90 %confluents were transfected with human MSLN full length plasmid using lipofectamine 2000 reagent; the FlpinCHO cells at 70-90 %confluents were transfected with mouse MSLN or cynomolgus monkey MSLN full length plasmid using lipofectamine 2000 transfection kit according to manufacturer’s protocol. The transfected cells were cultured in an incubator at 37 ℃, 5 %CO2. 24 hours after transfection, blasticidin or Hygromycin B was used to select the stable pool. Then, the positive pool cells were subcloned by limited dilution. Single clone was picked and tested by FACS using anti-MSLN antibodies.
[0245] EXAMPLE 2
[0246] Generation of rat and human anti-MSLN Antibodies
[0247] 2.1 Generation of hybridoma antibodies
[0248] OMT rats (Open Monoclonal Technology Company) were immunized with human MSLN and measured for serum titer. When the serum titer was sufficiently high (>= 1: 24,300) , the animal with the highest titer were given a final boost. After 2 days (48-hours) , the animals were euthanized, and lymph nodes or spleen were used for cell fusion. B cells were fused with Sp2 / 0 myeloma cells following general electro-fusion procedures. The fused cells were re-suspended in DMEM medium supplemented with 20 %FBS and 1 x HAT, and then transferred into 96-well plates. 7520 hybridoma supernatants were screened. The antibodies with rat Fc domain were purified from hybridoma supernatant. Twelve mAbs were selected for purification and sequencing. The 12 mAbs were tested for binding with extracellular region, region II ®ion III of MSLN, and by FACS with and without soluble MSLN. Finally, W305044-1.100.1 was selected as the leading clone and its sequences are shown in Tables A and B above. The binding results of W305044-1.100.1 clone were shown in Tables 3-4.
[0249] Table 3. Direct ELISA with 3 Antigens (Rat IgG mAbs with 100 nM, 10 nM and 1 nM)
[0250] Table 4. MFI of FACS Data pre-incubated with and without soluble MSLN (mAbs with 100 nM, 10 nM, 1 nM and 0.1 nM)
[0251] 2.2 FACS binding assay of IgG converted fully human antibodies
[0252] Then the rat mAbs were converted to human IgG1 to obtain fully human mAbs and their performance were tested. The human MSLN engineered cell line W3xx044-CHOK1. hPro1. G8 was used to test the soluble MSLN effect on FACS binding of the mAbs. The results were shown in Figure 1 and Table 5.
[0253] Table 5. The FACS binding EC50 and Max MFI of anti-MSLN mAbs to human MSLN engineered cell with and without soluble MSLN
[0254] 2.3 Internalization assay of IgG converted fully human antibodies
[0255] High content screening (HCS) internalization assay by Operetta was performed. The human MSLN engineered cell line W3xx044-CHOK1. hPro1. G8 were used for internalization activity of the mAbs. Briefly, the greiner 96-well plate was coated with 2.5 μg / cm2 Poly-D-Lysine (PDL) at 37 ℃ for 2 hours (1: 1000) , 100 μL / well. Cells in the T75 flask were washed by PBS and detached by Versene. The cells were washed once with culture medium and resuspended in an appropriate volume of culture medium to the concentration of 2 x 105 cell / mL with pipettes. Then 100 μL cell suspension was aliquoted to each well of 96-well plate with multi-channel pipettes and incubated overnight. The third day, the medium was removed and the cell was washed once with 1 %BSA. The serial diluted Abs in 1 %BSA (100 μL / well) were added to the cell plates and incubated at 4 ℃ for 2 hours. After incubation, the cells were washed once by 1 %BSA, 200 μL / well. Goat anti-human IgG PE (1: 150 dilution in 1 %BSA, 100 μL / well) was added and incubated for 1 hour at 4 ℃ in the dark. After washing the cells with 1x PBS / 1 %BSA, 1 %BSA was added to each well (100 μL / well) and the plates were incubated for 2 hours at 37 ℃. The 1 %BSA was discarded and the cells were quenched at 4 ℃ for 4 minutes. Then the plates were washed once with PBS, 150 μL / well. Hoechst dye (1: 2000 dilution in PBS, 100 μL / well) was added and incubated for 20 minutes at 25 ℃. The plates were washed once with 1 x PBS and the cells were fixed with 4%PFA for 15 minutes at ambient temperature and the plates were saved at 4 ℃ for further analysis. The plates were read by Oppretta.
[0256] The internalization MFI of anti-MSLN mAbs to human MSLN engineered cell are shown in Table 6.
[0257] Table 6. The internalization activity of anti-MSLN mAbs to human MSLN engineered cells
[0258] 2.4 ELISA binding assay of IgG converted fully human antibodies
[0259] The ELISA binding of the IgG converted mAb was performed to determine the binding to region III of MSLN and ECD of MSLN. The results are shown in Figure 2A-2B and Table 7. Compared to IgG converted mAbs of other clones, W305044-1.100.1-uIgG1K’s binding to cell surface MSLN was minimally influenced by the presence of soluble MSLN protein (Table 5) and has the strongest binding to human MSLN Region III (Table 7, Fig. 2B) .
[0260] Table 7. The ELISA binding EC50 and Max OD of the IgG converted antibodies to human MSLN and MSLN region III proteins
[0261] 2.5 PTM removal
[0262] For W305044-1.100.1-uIgG1K, there was one PTM site in the VH FRW3, so we did the PTM removal and selected the final lead. We chose N70Q (FRW3) or S72A (FRW3) mutations to remove the PTM site of W305044-1.100.1 and two mAbs were constructed (W305044-1.100.1-p1-uIgG1V721 and W305044-1.100.1-p3-uIgG1V721) . “IgG1V721” indicates the fused human IgG1 constant region has been engineered to comprise S298A / E333A / K334A / M252Y / S254T / T256E substitutions. The two mAbs were tested in the FACS with and without soluble MSLN and internalization assay to select the final lead.
[0263] For FACS with and without soluble MSLN on NCI-N87 tumor cell (ATCC, CRL-5822TM) , W305044-1.100.1-p1-uIgG1V721 and W305044-1.100.1-p3-uIgG1V721 showed comparable activity, both of them were minimally affected by soluble MSLN (Figure 3 and Table 8) .
[0264] Table 8. The FACS binding EC50 and Max MFI of two PTM removal mAbs to human MSLN engineered cell with and without soluble MSLN
[0265] For the internalization assay, W305044-1.100.1-p1-uIgG1V721 and W305044-1.100.1-p3-uIgG1V721 showed comparable activity on human full-length MSLN expressing engineered cell (Figure 4 and Table 9) . Considering the developability profile, the minimal effect by soluble MSLN and the internalization activity, W305044-1.100.1-p3 was selected for further characterization.
[0266] Table 9. The internalization activity of PTM removal mAbs to human MSLN engineered cell
[0267] EXAMPLE 3
[0268] In vitro Characterization of W305044 antibody
[0269] 3.1 SDS-PAGE
[0270] Nu PAGE Bis-Tris Mini Gels 4-12 %, Nu PAGE MES SDS Running Buffer (20 x) , and the Simply Blue Safe Stain were used. The samples were mixed with the loading buffer, and heated at 75 ℃ for 10 minutes. Then the samples were loaded and PAGE was run at a constant voltage (200 V) for 35 minutes. The gel was rinsed with water for 10 minutes and repeated for 3 times, before staining for 1 hour. Then, the gel was destained with water for 1 hour and repeated for 3 times.
[0271] The production of W305044-1.100.1-p3-uIgG1KV320 (abbreviated as “W305044” herein, “V320” indicates Leu234Ala / Leu235Ala substitutions in the human IgG1 constant region) was shown below. The expected bands were visible from the gel and appear in expected sizing (Figure 5 and Table 10) .
[0272] Table 10. The molecular mass of W305044 mAb
[0273] 3.2 Size exclusion chromatography (SEC-HPLC)
[0274] SEC-HPLC assay was performed using Agilent 1260 Infinity HPLC. Briefly, 50 μL of antibody solution was injected on a TSKgel SuperSW3000 column using 50 mM sodium phosphate, 0.15 M NaCl, pH 7.0 as running buffer. The run time was 20 minutes. Peak retention times on the column were monitored at 280 nm. Data was analyzed using ChemStation software (V2.99.2.0) .
[0275] W305044 demonstrates good yield and purity. The purity of the antibody is above 95 %. The retention time by SEC-HPLC around 8.0 minutes indicates that the protein was monomer (Fig. 6A) . The thermal stability of W305044 is good and Tm1 value of the antibody is 65.5 ℃ in Differential scanning fluorescence (DSF) test (Figure 6B and Table 11) .
[0276] Table 11. The yield, purity, pI and thermal stability of W305044 mAb
[0277] Retention time by HIC represents the hydrophobicity degree of the antibody, and long retention time indicates high potential hydrophobicity. The retention time of W305044 by HIC is in the normal range (Figure 6C and Table 12) .
[0278] Table 12. The retention time of W305044 mAb
[0279] 3.3 FACS binding of antibody to cell surface human, cynomolgus monkey and mouse MSLN proteins
[0280] Binding of anti-MSLN antibodies to MSLN expressing cells was determined by flow cytometry (FACS) . FACS can quantitatively analyze and identify specific molecules expressed on the surface of living cells. Unlabeled cells were used as a control to set the threshold before detection and then the percentage change of each group that exceeded the fluorescence intensity threshold was analyzed. W3xx044-CHOK1-hPro1. G8 cell and five selected tumor cell lines including NCI-N87 (ATCC, CRL-5822TM) , OVCAR3 (ATCC, HTB-161TM) , SK-OV-3 cells (ATCC, HTB-77) , HCC1806 (ATCC, CRL-2335TM) and HT-29 (ATCC, HTB-38) (1 x 105 cells / well) expressing different level of human full-length MSLN were harvested using Versene (1 x) or 0.25 %Trypsin-EDTA (1 x) . Then the cells were incubated with serial diluted antibodies (starting at 200 nM, 4-fold dilution to 0.00019 nM) in a volume of 100 μL for 1 hour at 4 ℃. If necessary, the serial diluted antibodies were preincubated with or without soluble human full-length MSLN at room temperature for 30 minutes. After washing the cells with 1 x PBS / 1 %BSA, Alexa Fluor647-conjugated AffiniPure Goat Anti-Human IgG (1: 500 dilution in 1 x PBS / 1 %BSA) was added and incubated for 30 minutes at 4 ℃ in the dark. After washing the cells with 1x PBS / 1 %BSA, the cells were re-suspended in 1 x PBS / 1 %BSA. The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of the cells was measured by a flow cytometer and analyzed by FlowJo.
[0281] W3xx044-FlpinCHO. cPro1. FL. Pool cell expressing the full-length cynomolgus monkey MSLN and W3xx044-FlpinCHO. mPro1. FL. Pool cell expressing the full-length mouse MSLN were harvested using Versene (1 x) or 0.25 %Trypsin-EDTA (1 x) . Then the cells were incubated with serial diluted antibodies (starting at 200 nM, 4-fold dilution to 0.00019 nM) in a volume of 100 μL for 1 hour at 4 ℃. After washing the cells with 1 x PBS / 1 %BSA, Alexa Fluor647-conjugated AffiniPure Goat Anti-Human IgG (1: 500 dilution in 1 x PBS / 1 %BSA) was added and incubated for 30 minutes at 4 ℃ in the dark. After washing the cells with 1 x PBS / 1 %BSA, the cells were re-suspended in 1 x PBS / 1 %BSA. The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of the cells was measured by a flow cytometer and analyzed by FlowJo.
[0282] The binding results of W305044 on three different engineered cells are shown in Figures 7A-7C. The EC50 and Max MFI are shown in Table 14. W305044 specifically binds to engineered cells expressing human and cynomolgus monkey MSLN, while not binding to mouse MSLN. W305044 specifically binds to the cell surface human and cynomolgus monkey MSLN with EC50 of 1.10 and 2.23 nM, which is comparable to the reference Amgen mAb.
[0283] Table 13. The FACS binding EC50 and Max MFI of anti-MSLN mAbs
[0284] 3.4 FACS binding of antibody to five selected human tumor cell lines
[0285] The binding results of W305044 on five selected human tumor cell lines expressing different level of human full-length MSLN in section 3.3 are shown in Figures 8A-8E, including NCI-N87 (high) , OVCAR3 (medium) , SK-OV-3 (low) , HCC1806 (low) and HT-29 (negative) . The EC50 and Max MFI are shown in Table 14. W305044 specifically binds to the human tumor cell surface MSLN, which is comparable to the reference Harpoon mAb and Amgen mAb. W305044, Harpoon and Amgen mAbs don’ t bind to the negative tumor cells HT-29.
[0286] Table 14. The FACS binding EC50 and Max MFI of anti-MSLN mAbs to tumor cell lines
[0287] 3.5 ELISA binding of antibody to human MSLN and MSLN region III proteins
[0288] ELISA plates were coated with human MSLN protein or human MSLN region III protein (2 μg / mL, 100 μL / well) in coating buffer and incubated at 4 ℃ overnight. The next day, the coating antigen buffer was removed and the ELISA plates were washed 1 time with washing buffer 1 x PBST (300 μL / wash) . The ELISA plates were blocked with blocking buffer (2 %BSA) , 200 μL / well, and incubated at room temperature for 1 hour. Then, the ELISA plates were washed 3 times with washing buffer, 300 μL / well. The serial diluted antibodies in 2 %BSA (Ab1, 100 μL / well, starting at 200 nM, 5-fold dilution to 0.0001 nM) were added and incubated at room temperature for 2 hours. The biotin labeled Harpoon mAb and Amgen mAb were used as positive controls, and the biotin labeled W332-1.80.12. xAb. hIgG1 isotype control antibody was used as negative control. Subsequently, the ELISA plates were washed 3 times with washing buffer, 300 μL / wash. The SA-HRP (Jackson ImmunoResearch, 1: 5000, HRP conjugated, Ab2) in 2 %BSA was added, 100 μL / well and incubated at room temperature for 1 hour. After washing the ELISA plates for 3 times with washing buffer, 300 μL / well, TMB substrate was added with 100 μL / well, and the ELISA plates were incubated at room temperature for 10 minutes in the dark. The stop solution (2 M HCl) was added with 100 μL / well to stop further color developing. Finally, the ELISA plates were detected by microplate reader M5e at 450 nm and 540 nm.
[0289] W305044 showed good binding to recombinant human MSLN, which is comparable to the reference Harpoon mAb and Amgen mAb (Figure 9A) . Furthermore, the binding region of lead W305044 involves MSLN region III which is different from Harpoon mAb and Amgen mAb (Figure 9B) . The EC50 and Max OD are shown in Table 15 and 16.
[0290] Table 15. The ELISA binding EC50 and Max OD of anti-MSLN mAbs to human MSLN and MSLN region III proteins
[0291] Table 16. The ELISA binding EC50 and Max OD of the IgG converted antibodies to human MSLN region III proteins
[0292] 3.6 Fab-ZAP internalization assay
[0293] On Day 0, W3xx044-CHOK1-hPro1. G8 cell expressing human full-length MSLN were harvested by using Versene (1x, Gibco) . The cell density was adjusted to 1000 cells / 50 μL / well. And 200 μL / well PBS was added in the left edge well. The plates were kept in a cell incubator set to 37 ℃, 5 %CO2 overnight. On Day 1, the related mAbs and Fab-ZAP (Advanced Targeting Systems, Cat. No: IT-51-100) (Ab: Fab-ZAP=1: 3) were mixed and incubated at 37 ℃ for 30 minutes. The serial diluted Abs and Fab-ZAP mixture in culture medium (50 μL / well, starting at 5 nM, 6-fold dilution to 0.000018 nM) were added to the cell plates and incubated at 37 ℃ for 5 days. Then, the assay plates were equilibrated to the room temperature for nearly 30 minutes. Subsequently, 50 μL / well CTG reagent (CellTiter-Glo Chemiluminescent Cell Viability Assay Kit, Promega) was added to each well and the plates were detected by EnVision after 10 minutes.
[0294] W305044 mediated good target internalization and cytotoxic activity in W3xx044-CHOK1. hPro1. G8 cell by Fab-ZAP assay, which is comparable to the reference Harpoon mAb and Amgen mAb (Figure 10) . The IC50 and Max cytotoxicity %are shown in Table 17.
[0295] Table 17. The IC50 and Max cytotoxicity %of Fab-ZAP internalization of anti-MSLN mAbs
[0296] 3.7 FACS binding to human MSLN engineered cells with and without soluble MSLN
[0297] FACS binding of W305044 to engineered W3xx044-CHOK1. hPro1. G8 cell expressing human MSLN is minimally affected by soluble MSLN, in contrast to Harpoon and Amgen mAbs (Figure 11) . The EC50 and Max MFI values are shown in Table 18.
[0298] Compared to Harpoon and Amgen mAbs, the binding of W305044 to human MSLN engineered cells was much less affected by soluble MSLN, indicated by the minimal changes in EC50 values.
[0299] Table 18. The FACS binding EC50 and Max MFI of anti-MSLN mAbs to human MSLN engineered cell with and without soluble MSLN
[0300] 3.8 FACS binding to NCI-N87 human tumor cell with and without soluble MSLN
[0301] FACS binding of W305044 to NCI-N87 human tumor cell expressing human MSLN is minimally affected by soluble MSLN, in contrast to Harpoon and Amgen mAbs (Figure 12) . The EC50 and Max MFI values are shown in Table 19.
[0302] Compared to Harpoon and Amgen mAbs, the binding of W305044 to NCI-N87 human tumor cells was much less affected by soluble MSLN, indicated by the minimal changes in EC50 values.
[0303] Table 19. The FACS binding EC50 and Max MFI of anti-MSLN mAbs to NCI-N87 human tumor cell with and without soluble MSLN
[0304] 3.9 FACS binding to OVCAR3 human tumor cell with and without soluble MSLN
[0305] FACS binding of W305044 to OVCAR3 human tumor cell expressing human MSLN is not diminished by soluble MSLN, in contrast to Harpoon and Amgen mAbs (Figure 13) . The EC50 and Max MFI values are shown in Table 20.
[0306] Compared to Harpoon and Amgen mAbs, the binding of W305044 to OVCAR3 human tumor cells was much less affected by soluble MSLN, indicated by the minimal changes in EC50 values.
[0307] Table 20. The FACS binding EC50 and Max MFI of anti-MSLN mAbs to OVCAR3 human tumor cell with and without soluble MSLN
[0308] 3.10 Affinity to MSLN (SPR)
[0309] The affinity of anti-MSLN mAbs to MSLN after IgG conversion was tested by SPR analysis. The activator was prepared by mixing 400 mM EDC and 100 mM NHS (GE) immediately prior to injection. The CM5 sensor chip was activated for 420 s with the mixture at a flow rate of 10 μL / minutes. 30 μg / mL of anti-human Fc IgG in 10 mM NaAc was then injected to chip for 420 s at a flow rate of 10 μL / minutes. The chip was deactivated by 1 M ethanolamine-HCl at a flow rate of 10 μL / minutes for 420 s. The analysis temperature is 25 ℃. The department temperature was 12 ℃. Ligand in running buffer 1x HBS-EP+ were captured onto chip via anti-human Fc IgG at a flow rate of 10 μL / minute. The series concentrations of analyte and running buffer were injected orderly to chip at a flow rate of 30 μL / minutes for an association phase and a dissociation phase.
[0310] The affinity of W305044 to soluble MSLN is weaker than that of Harpoon and Amgen mAbs (Figure 14) . SPR affinity data of anti-MSLN mAbs to MSLN is shown in Table 21. As expected, the weak affinity is related to membrane proximal binding epitope and minimal effect on target binding by soluble MSLN in FACS assay.
[0311] Table 21. The SPR affinity data of anti-MSLN mAbs to MSLN
[0312] 3.11 Affinity of anti-MSLN mAbs to human tumor cell surface MSLN (FACS)
[0313] The affinity of anti-MSLN mAbs to human tumor cell surface MSLN were tested for FACS analysis. The NCI-N87 and OVCAR3 cells were seeded in 96-well U-bottom plates at a density of 5 x 104 cells / well. Antibodies to be tested were serially diluted in 1 x PBS / 1 %BSA and incubated with cells at 4 ℃ for 1 hour. The plates were centrifuged and supernatant was discarded. The cells were then incubated with Alexa647 conjugated goat anti-human IgG Fc at 4 ℃ in the dark for 30 minutes. After washing the cells were re-suspended in 100 μL 1 x PBS / 1 %BSA, and fluorescence intensity was measured by flow cytometry and analyzed by FlowJo. The fluorescence intensity was converted to bound molecules / cell based on the quantitative beads standard curve by QuantumTM MESF Kits. KD was calculated by Graphpad Prism.
[0314] W305044 showed good affinity for cell surface MSLN (Figure 15) . FACS affinity data of anti-MSLN mAbs to MSLN is shown in Table 22.
[0315] Table 22. The FACS affinity data of anti-MSLN mAbs to human tumor cell surface MSLN
[0316] 3.12 The radius of W305044 mAb measurement by DLS
[0317] The high PD value for mAb indicates that size distribution contains several oligomeric forms of protein. To measure the real radius of the mAb, the sample was filtered by 0.1 μm filter. The radius of W305044 mAb was 5.4 nm and the average PD was 1.5 %in the normal range (Figure 16 and Table 23) . The W305044 mAb contains very little oligomeric form protein.
[0318] Table 23. The radius of W305044 mAb measurement by DLS
[0319] Note: PD: polydispersity; Normal: PD < 15 %; PD > 15 %indicates size distribution contains several oligomeric forms of protein.
[0320] 3.13 Determination of diffusion interaction parameter (kD) by DLS
[0321] The mAb with high kD value and monodisperse size probably has low aggregation propensity. The diffusion interaction parameter kD value of the W305044 mAb was -5.34 mL / g in the normal range (Figure 17 and Table 24) . The W305044 mAb has low aggregation propensity.
[0322] Table 24. Determination of diffusion interaction parameter (kD) of W305044 mAb
[0323] Note: Good, > -10 mL / g; Acceptable, -10 ~ -20 mL / g; Potential risk, < -20 mL / g
[0324] Those skilled in the art will further appreciate that the present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or central attributes thereof. In that the foregoing description of the present disclosure discloses only exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that other variations are contemplated as being within the scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments that have been described in detail herein. Rather, reference should be made to the appended claims as indicative of the scope and content of the invention.
[0325] References
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[0328] [3] Zhang, Yujian, et al. "Cytotoxic activity of immunotoxin SS1P is modulated by TACE-dependent mesothelin shedding. " Cancer research 71.17 (2011) : 5915-5922.
[0329] [4] Chopra, Arvind. "111 In-Labeled CHX-A" -DTPA–conjugated MORAb-009, a chimeric monoclonal antibody directed against mesothelin [111 In] MORAb-009. "
[0330] [5] HASSAN, R. "Detection and quantification of serum mesothelin, a tumor marker for patients with mesothelioma and ovarian cancer. " Clin Cancer Res 12 (2006) : 447-453.
[0331] [6] Kelly, Ronan J., et al. "Mesothelin-Targeted Agents in Clinical Trials and in Preclinical DevelopmentMesothelin-Targeted Agents. " Molecular cancer therapeutics 11.3 (2012) : 517-525.
[0332] [7] Hassan, Raffit, et al. "Mesothelin immunotherapy for cancer: ready for prime time? . " Journal of Clinical Oncology 34.34 (2016) : 4171.
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Claims
An antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof capable of binding to mesothelin (MSLN) , comprising:a heavy chain CDR (HCDR) 1, a HCDR2, and a HCDR3 of a heavy chain variable region, and a light chain CDR (LCDR) 1, a LCDR2, and a LCDR3 of a light chain variable region, wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7, 9, 10 or 11, and the light chain variable region comprises amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8.The antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of claim 1, wherein:(a) the HCDR1 comprises SEQ ID NO: 1;(b) the HCDR2 comprises SEQ ID NO: 2;(c) the HCDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 3;(d) the LCDR1 comprises SEQ ID NO: 4;(e) the LCDR2 comprises SEQ ID NO: 5; and(f) the LCDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 6.The antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of claim 1 or 2, comprising:(A) a heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%(e.g., 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, or 100%) sequence identity to any of SEQ ID NOs: 7 and 9-11; and / or(B) a light chain variable region (VL) comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%(e.g., 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, or 100%) sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 8.The antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of any of the preceding claims, comprising a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8.The antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of any of the preceding claims, wherein the antibody comprises an immunoglobulin constant region, optionally a constant region of IgG, optionally a constant region of human IgG, such as a constant region of human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4.The antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of any of the preceding claims, wherein the antibody comprises a human IgG1 Fc region with a L234A and L235A substitution.The antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of any of the preceding claims, wherein the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence having a sequence identity of at least 80% (e.g., 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, or 100%) to SEQ ID NO: 15, and a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence having a sequence identity of at least 80% (e.g., 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, or 100%) to SEQ ID NO: 16.The antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of any of the preceding claims, wherein the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16.The antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of any of the preceding claims, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof is a scFv, a Fv fragment, a Fab or a Fab'.The antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of any of the preceding claims, wherein the antibody is selected from a chimeric antibody, a humanized antibody, and a fully human antibody.A polynucleotide encoding the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of any of claims 1-10.A vector comprising the polynucleotide of claim 11.A host cell comprising the vector of claim 12 or the polynucleotide of claim 11.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof as defined in any of claims 1-10 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.A method for producing an antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof, comprising the steps of:(1) culturing a host cell comprising an expression vector (s) encoding the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of any of claims 1-10 or culturing the host cell of claim 13 under suitable conditions; and(2) harvesting the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof from the cell culture.A method of modulating a MSLN related disease, disorder or condition in a subject, comprising administering to the subject the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of any of claims 1-10 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 14;optionally, the MSLN related disease is a cancer selected from mesothelioma, lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, melanoma, bladder cancer, renal cell carcinoma, colon cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, uterine cancer, cervical cancer, testicular cancer, esophageal cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, kidney cancer, clear cell renal carcinoma, head and neck cancer, germ cell cancer, bone cancer, thyroid cancer, skin cancer, neoplasm of the central nervous system, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, myeloma, and sarcoma; such as mesothelioma or ovarian cancer.A method for treating or preventing a MSLN related disease in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of any of claims 1-10 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 14, optionally, the MSLN related disease is a cancer selected from mesothelioma, lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, melanoma, bladder cancer, renal cell carcinoma, colon cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, uterine cancer, cervical cancer, testicular cancer, esophageal cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, kidney cancer, clear cell renal carcinoma, head and neck cancer, germ cell cancer, bone cancer, thyroid cancer, skin cancer, neoplasm of the central nervous system, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, myeloma, and sarcoma; such as mesothelioma or ovarian cancer.Use of the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of any of claims 1-10, the polynucleotide of claim 11, the vector of claim 12, or the host cell of claim 13 in the manufacture of an agent or a medicament for diagnosing, preventing or treating a MSLN related disease; optionally, the MSLN related disease is a cancer selected from mesothelioma, lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, melanoma, bladder cancer, renal cell carcinoma, colon cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, uterine cancer, cervical cancer, testicular cancer, esophageal cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, kidney cancer, clear cell renal carcinoma, head and neck cancer, germ cell cancer, bone cancer, thyroid cancer, skin cancer, neoplasm of the central nervous system, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, myeloma, and sarcoma; such as mesothelioma or ovarian cancer.A kit, comprising a container comprising the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of any of claims 1-10 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 14.
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