Cartridge with force application mechanism

Abstract

A cartridge (20, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800) includes a connection structure (120, 220, 320, 484, 420, 520, 620, 720, 820) connected to a rotating shaft (110, 210, 310, 410, 510, 610, 710, 810) of the cartridge, the connection structure including a force receiving structure (120, 220, 222, 224, 226, 320, 322, 326, 482, 484, 420, 422, 520, 620, 720, 820) to receive a first force, and a force application mechanism (550, 650, 750, 850), disposed in the cartridge, to apply a second force opposite in direction to the first force. The rotating shaft is driven based on the first force and the second force.

Description

Atty. Dkt. No.: 86324486CARTRIDGE WITH FORCE APPLICATION MECHANISMBACKGROUND

[0001] In general, an image forming apparatus refers to a device that may generate, print, receive, and transmit image data. For example, an image forming apparatus may refer to a printer, a scanner, a copier, a fax machine, or a multi -function peripheral implemented by integrating a plurality of functions of such devices. An image forming apparatus may output data to a printing medium through a printing process using a cartridge. Such a cartridge may include a connection structure to connect with the image forming apparatus.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0002] FIG. 1 depicts a partially exploded perspective view of an example cartridge and a relevant portion of an example image forming apparatus (IF A).

[0003] FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B, and FIG. 2C depict schematic views of a portion of an example cartridge.

[0004] FIG. 3A, FIG. 3B, and FIG. 3C depict schematic views of a portion of an example cartridge.

[0005] FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B depict schematic views of an example adaptor and a portion of an example cartridge.

[0006] FIG. 5 depicts a schematic view of a portion of an example cartridge.

[0007] FIG. 6 depicts a schematic view of a portion of an example cartridge.

[0008] FIG. 7A depicts a schematic view of a portion of an example cartridge.

[0009] FIG. 7B depicts a cross-sectional view of a portion of the cartridge of FIG. 7 A.

[0010] FIG. 7C depicts a cross-sectional view of a portion of the cartridge of FIG. 7A.

[0011] FIG. 8 depicts a schematic view showing a cross section of a portion of an example cartridge.14860-2971 -3623.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 86324486DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] An image forming apparatus (IF A) can be used to form a printing image on a printing medium (e.g., paper). The IFA can connect with and operate a cartridge to form the printing image on the printing medium based on operation of the cartridge. These image forming systems often rely on intricate mechanisms (referred to as “cartridge operating mechanism”), including driving force transmission mechanisms and braking force transmission mechanisms, delicately integrated within the IFA to connect with the cartridge and precisely control the operation of cartridges (e.g., a photoconductor, a rotating shaft thereof, etc.). However, the cartridge operating mechanism are prone to malfunction and breakage, resulting in operational issues and rendering the image forming system unusable. Furthermore, due to the complexity of the cartridge operating mechanism, the image forming systems frequently encounter misengagement (e.g., misalignment) issues between the IFA and cartridges, particularly concerning the braking force transmission mechanisms, leading to operational inefficiencies such as print quality issues and mechanical failures. Additionally, when issues arise regarding the braking force transmission mechanisms of the IFA, diagnosing and / or resolving these issues can be challenging and time-consuming.

[0013] It should be appreciated, therefore, that a cartridge design, capable of operation without relying on a braking force (the “braking” force as used herein can include a force to cause “damping,” “retarding,” “friction,” etc.) from the IFA, may be of interest. By eliminating the dependence on the braking force from the IFA, the techniques disclosed herein can ensure continued operation of the IFA and cartridge even when the IFA experiences malfunctions or broken parts related to intricate cartridge operating mechanisms (e.g., the braking force transmission mechanism). Furthermore, the techniques disclosed herein provide solutions for more precise control of the cartridges (e.g., the rotating shaft thereof) without receiving the braking force from IFA. As disclosed herein, the cartridge can include a force application mechanism disposed inside the cartridge, thereby providing a braking force to the rotating shaft without receiving from the IFA and thus enabling more precise control of the rotating shaft. For example, the braking force generated by the force application mechanism in the cartridge can help reduce defects created on the print image from gear issues, such as gear slop, etc. In addition, as the cartridge does not need to receive the braking force from the IFA, the cartridge design, such as structures connected to the cartridge operating mechanism, can be simplified, leading to reduced production costs and improved24860-2971 -3623.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 86324486 reliability. The techniques disclosed herein can also allow for more flexible use of cartridges, opening up possibilities for using cartridges with different designs. Thus, the techniques disclosed herein enable greater interoperability between cartridges and IFAs, accommodating future design changes and facilitating compatibility across mixed fleets of supplies and IFA configurations. According to an aspect of the present disclosure, the techniques can provide a cartridge including a connection structure connected to a rotating shaft of the cartridge, the connection structure including a force receiving structure to receive a first force (e.g., the driving force to drive the rotating shaft). The cartridge can include a force application mechanism, disposed in the cartridge, to apply a second force (e.g., the braking force) opposite in direction to the first force. The rotating shaft can be driven based on the first force and the second force.

[0014] Reference is now made to the figures. Although the figures and aspects of the disclosure can show or describe structures herein as having a particular shape, it should be understood that such shapes are merely illustrative and should not be considered limiting to the scope of the techniques described herein. For example, the techniques described herein can be implemented in any shape or geometry for any material or layer to achieve desired results. It should be understood that like reference numerals may refer to like elements throughout, repetitive descriptions of which may be omitted. It should be also noted that in the drawings, the dimensions of the features are not intended to be to true scale and may be exaggerated for the sake of allowing greater understanding.

[0015] FIG. 1 depicts a partially exploded perspective view of an example cartridge 20 and a relevant portion of an example image forming apparatus (IFA) 10. The IFA 10 can include a cartridge operating mechanism 100. The cartridge 20 can include a rotating shaft 110 and a connection structure 120. The cartridge 20 and the image forming apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1 are simplified for illustrative purposes, and thus, the cartridge 20 and the image forming apparatus 10 can be implemented as any of various other configurations while remaining within the scope of the present disclosure. In some examples, the cartridge 20 can include more, fewer, or different components than shown in FIG. 1. In some examples, the image forming apparatus 10 can include more, fewer, or different components than shown in FIG. 1.

[0016] In some examples, the cartridge operating mechanism 100 can include a driving force transmission mechanism and a braking force transmission mechanism to operate the cartridge34860-2971 -3623.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 8632448620. The driving force transmission mechanism of the cartridge operating mechanism 100 is to provide a driving force to the rotating shaft 110 of the cartridge 20. The driving force transmission mechanism of the cartridge operating mechanism 100 can engage with a corresponding portion of the connection structure 120 of the cartridge 20, and can drive the rotating shaft 110 by applying the driving force. The braking force transmission mechanism of the cartridge operating mechanism 100 is to provide a braking force (e.g., damping, retarding, friction, etc.) to the rotating shaft 110 of the cartridge 20. The braking force transmission mechanism of the cartridge operating mechanism 100 can apply the braking force to the rotating shaft 110 of the cartridge 20 when the braking force transmission mechanism engages with a corresponding portion of the connection structure 120 of the cartridge 20.

[0017] However, as discussed above, the cartridge operating mechanism 100 can be delicately formed within the IF A 10, while connecting with the cartridge 20 with intricate coupling mechanisms. To avoid operational issues regarding such an intricate but delicate system and operate the cartridge more efficiently, the cartridge 20 can be implemented as discussed herein. In some examples, the cartridge 20 can be designed to operate without relying on the braking force transmission mechanism of the cartridge operating mechanism 100 (e.g., the braking force transmission mechanism of the cartridge operating mechanism 100), while utilizing a force application mechanism disposed inside the cartridge 20 that can provide the braking force. With the foregoing in mind, the figures and description below illustrate various examples of the cartridge (e.g., the cartridge 20). It should be noted that the figures and description below are non-limiting examples and can be implemented as any of various other configurations while remaining within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B, and FIG. 2C depict schematic views of a portion of an example cartridge 200. More specifically, shown in FIG. 2A is a perspective view of a connection structure 220 and a portion of a rotating shaft 210 of the cartridge 200. Shown in FIG. 2B is a top view of the portion of the cartridge 200 viewed from the Z axis (e.g., the rotational axis). Shown in FIG. 2C is a side view of the portion of the cartridge 200 viewed from the R axis (e.g., the radial axis). The cartridge 200 shown here is simplified for illustrative purposes, and thus, the cartridge 200 can be implemented as any of various other configurations while remaining within the scope of the present disclosure. In some examples, the cartridge 200 can include more, fewer, or different components than shown in the figures.44860-2971 -3623.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 86324486

[0019] In some examples, as shown in FIG. 2A, the connection structure 220 can be connected to the rotating shaft 210 of the cartridge 200. In some examples, the connection structure 220 can be connected to the rotating shaft 210 such that the connection structure 220 and the rotating shaft 210 forms a unitary body. In some examples, as shown, the connection structure 220 can be connected to a surface of a cartridge roller 228. In some examples, the connection structure 220 can be detachably connected to the rotating shaft 210. As discussed herein, the connection structure 220 can receive the driving force from the IFA without receiving the braking force from the IFA (e.g., the braking force transmission mechanism thereof).

[0020] In some examples, the connection structure 220 can include a force receiving structure 222 to receive a driving force to drive the rotating shaft 210 in a first direction (e.g., clockwise). The force receiving structure 222 can include a first surface 222S to receive the driving force that allows the rotating shaft 210 to rotate in the first direction (e.g., a driving direction). The first surface 222S can extend along the Z axis (e.g., the rotational axis of the rotating shaft 210) and the R axis (e.g., the radial axis of the rotating shaft 210), thereby forming a surface to abut against the driving force transmission mechanism of the IFA. In some examples, the first surface 222S of the force receiving structure 222 can extend the first distance dl along the Z axis (e.g., the rotational axis of the rotating shaft 210) from an outermost point (e.g., the line XX') of the connection structure 220. In some examples, the first surface 222S can be angled with respect to the Z axis and / or the R axis.

[0021] In some examples, the connection structure 220 can include an activating structure 224. The activating structure 224 can activate the braking force transmission mechanism of the IFA, thereby allowing the braking force transmission mechanism of the IFA to apply a braking force (e.g., a force opposite in direction to the driving force) to the rotating shaft 210 when the braking force transmission mechanism engages with a corresponding portion of the connection structure 220. In some examples, the activating structure 224 can activate the braking force transmission mechanism of the IFA by separating the braking force transmission mechanism from the driving force transmission mechanism of the IFA. For example, the activating structure 224 can include a separating structure or surface to separate the braking force transmission mechanism from the driving force transmission mechanism of54860-2971 -3623.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 86324486 the IFA. In some examples, the connection structure 220 can engage with the IFA through insertion of the activating structure 224 into a space formed by separating the braking force transmission mechanism and the driving force transmission mechanism from each other.

[0022] In some examples, the connection structure 220 can include an abutting structure 226. The abutting structure 226 can prevent the rotating shaft 210 from receiving the braking force from the braking force transmission mechanism of the IFA by locating the braking force transmission mechanism of the IFA in an idle state. As used herein, in the “idle state” of the braking force transmission mechanism, the braking force transmission mechanism is substantially disengaged from a braking force driving mechanism (e.g., which is to provide a driving source for the braking force transmission mechanism to apply the brake force to the rotating shaft 210) of the IFA such that the braking force transmission mechanism cannot deliver the braking force to the connection structure 220 of the rotating shaft 210. When the cartridge (e.g., the cartridge 200) is connected to the IFA, the braking force transmission mechanism is connected to the connection structure (e.g., the connection structure 220) of the cartridge at an extended position (e.g., extended to a bottom surface 220B of the connection structure 220) to deliver the braking force. At this extended position, the braking force transmission mechanism extends axially (e.g., along the Z axis) to deliver the braking force to the connection structure of the cartridge. Simultaneously, at the extended position, the braking force transmission mechanism connects with a braking force driving shaft of the braking force driving mechanism, thereby transmitting the driving source from the braking force driving shaft to the connection structure of the cartridge. However, the braking force transmission mechanism may need to be idle such that the braking force transmission mechanism can rotate independently from the braking force driving shaft to find an appropriate coupling position (e.g., an angular position) for connection with the connection structure of the cartridge. Thus the braking force transmission mechanism can be idle at a retracted position (e.g., retracted along an axial direction from the extended position, such as a position above the bottom surface 220B of the connection structure 220) as disengaged from the braking force driving shaft of the braking force driving mechanism. At this retracted position, the braking force transmission mechanism is located in the idle state, and the braking force is not transferred from the braking force driving shaft of the braking force driving mechanism to the braking force transmission mechanism, and thus to the connection64860-2971 -3623.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 86324486 structure. As discussed herein, the connection structure 220 (e.g., the abutting structure 226 thereof) can include various features to locate the braking force transmission mechanism of the IFA in the idle state (e.g., by locating the same at the retracted position).

[0023] The abutting structure 226 can abut against the braking force transmission mechanism at the retracted position in which the braking force transmission mechanism is separate from the braking force driving mechanism. That is, the abutting structure 226 can prevent the braking force transmission mechanism of the IFA from travelling the distance dl along the Z axis (e.g., from the line XX'), thereby preventing the braking force transmission mechanism of the IFA from engaging with the braking force driving mechanism of the IFA and thus from receiving the driving source for the braking force transmission mechanism to apply the brake force to the rotating shaft 210. Meanwhile, the force receiving structure 222 can abut against the driving force transmission mechanism of the IFA at the extended position (e.g., the bottom surface 220B of the connection structure 220), allowing the driving force transmission mechanism of the IFA to engage with the driving force driving mechanism of the IFA and thus to receive the driving source therefor. That is, the connection structure 220 including the abutting structure 226 can allow the rotating shaft 210 to be driven based on the driving force, without receiving the braking force from the IFA. In some examples, the rotating shaft 210 can receive the braking force from a force application mechanism (e.g., discussed with respect to FIG. 5 to FIG. 8) within the cartridge.

[0024] In some examples, even when the braking force transmission mechanism of the IFA has been activated (e.g., separated from the driving force transmission mechanism) by the activating structure 224, the braking force transmission mechanism of the IFA in the idle state cannot provide the braking force to the rotating shaft 210 as the braking force transmission mechanism does not receive, from the braking force driving mechanism, the driving source for providing the braking force.

[0025] In some examples, the abutting structure 226 can include a plurality of surfaces. In some examples, the abutting structure 226 can include a second surface (e.g., the second surfaces 226S1, 226S2, etc.). The second surface can extend along the R axis (e.g., the radial axis) and / or the Z axis. The second surface can locate the braking force transmission mechanism of the IFA in the idle state. In some examples, the second surface can be formed74860-2971 -3623.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 86324486 such that the normal vector of the second surface includes a component parallel to the Z axis (e.g., the rotational axis of the rotating shaft 210). For example, the second surface can include a surface to abut against the braking force transmission mechanism of the IFA in a more advanced position (from a bottom surface of the connection structure 220) than the first surface 222S. This can locate the braking force transmission mechanism at the retracted position and thus disengage the braking force transmission mechanism from the braking force driving mechanism, thereby preventing the braking force transmission mechanism from delivering the braking force to the connection structure 220, even when the braking force transmission mechanism is connected with the connection structure 220. In some examples, the second surface can be disposed at an angle with respect to the first surface 222S. For example, as shown in FIG. 2C, the second surface 226S1 can be disposed at an angle 224A while formed continuously from the activating structure 224. In some examples, as shown in FIG. 2A, the abutting structure 226 includes a plurality of second surfaces, including a first slanted surface and a second slanted surface connected to and facing the first slanted surface. A space between the first slanted surface and the second slanted surface can abut against the braking force transmission mechanism in the idle state of the braking force transmission mechanism, thereby disengaging the braking force transmission mechanism from the braking force driving mechanism. Depicted herein is a non-limiting example of the second surface, which can include various shapes without departing from the spirit and scope. In some examples, the second surface (e.g., the second surfaces 226S1, 226S2, etc.) can include, but not limited to, a stair-like shape, a spiral shape, a parabolic shape, a polygonal shape, a tapered shape, a conical shape, etc.

[0026] The second surface (e.g., the second surfaces 226S1, 226S2, etc.) can prevent the activated braking force transmission mechanism (e.g., separated from the driving force transmission mechanism by the activating structure 224) from engaging with the braking force driving mechanism of the IFA, while the first surface 222S can receive the driving force from the activated driving force transmission mechanism (e.g., separated from the braking force transmission mechanism by the activating structure 224). This allows the rotating shaft 210 to be driven based on the driving force, without receiving the braking force from the IFA.

[0027] In some examples, the force receiving structure 222 includes the first surface 222S84860-2971 -3623.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 86324486 extending a first distance dl along the Z axis (e.g., the rotational axis of the rotating shaft 210) from an outermost point (e.g., the line XX') of the connection structure 220, such that the driving force transmission mechanism of the IFA can travel the first distance dl along the first surface 222S (e.g., to the extended position and / or the bottom surface 220B of the connection structure 220). Meanwhile, the abutting structure 226 includes the second surface to stop the braking force transmission mechanism at the retracted position above the bottom surface 220B, locating the braking force transmission mechanism in the idle state (and thus preventing the braking force transmission mechanism from engaging with the braking force driving mechanism). In some examples, the first distance dl can be equal to or larger than the second distance d2. Due to the difference in distance that the braking force transmission mechanism and the driving force transmission mechanism can travel and / or a shape of the second surfaces (e.g., a concave shape formed by the second surfaces 226S1, 226S2, etc.), the braking force transmission mechanism can be prevented from traveling the distance dl and thus engaging with the braking force driving mechanism, while the driving force transmission mechanism can travel the distance dl and engage with the driving force driving mechanism.

[0028] Depicted herein is a non-limiting example of the connection structure 220, which can include various shapes without departing from the spirit and scope. In some examples, the second surface (e.g., the second surfaces 226S1, 226S2, etc.) can include, but not limited to, a stair-like shape, a spiral shape, a parabolic shape, a polygonal shape, a tapered shape, a conical shape, etc.

[0029] FIG. 3A, FIG. 3B, and FIG. 3C depict schematic views of a portion of an example cartridge. More specifically, shown in FIG. 3 A is a perspective view of a connection structure 320 and a portion of a rotating shaft 310 of the cartridge 300. Shown in FIG. 3B is a schematic view of the portion of the cartridge 300 viewed from the Z axis (e.g., the rotational axis). Shown in FIG. 3C is a schematic view of the portion of the cartridge 300 viewed from the R axis (e.g., the radial axis). The cartridge 300 shown here is simplified for illustrative purposes, and thus, the cartridge 300 can be implemented as any of various other configurations while remaining within the scope of the present disclosure. In some examples, the cartridge 300 can include more, fewer, or different components than shown in the figures.94860-2971 -3623.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 86324486

[0030] In some examples, the cartridge 300 can include the connection structure 320. The connection structure 320 can include a first structure 322, a second structure 326, etc. In some examples, the first structure 322 can be substantially similar to the force receiving structure 222. For example, the first structure 322 can include a first surface 322S to receive the driving force to drive the rotating shaft 310. In some examples, the second structure 326 can be substantially similar to the abutting structure 226. For example, the second structure 326 can include a second surface 326S to locate the braking force transmission mechanism of the IFA in the idle state, in which the braking force transmission mechanism of the IFA can be prevented from engaging with the braking force driving mechanism of the IFA.

[0031] In some examples, as shown, the connection structure 320 can omit an activating structure (e.g., the activating structure 224). As shown in FIG. 3C, the second structure 326 can be formed such that a second surface 326S is aligned with the line XX', allowing for a simpler design such as compared with the connection structure 220, etc.

[0032] Without the activating structure in the cartridge 300, the braking force transmission mechanism of the IFA can remain inactive, thereby not providing the braking force to the rotating shaft 310. In some examples, the braking force transmission mechanism of the IFA is not separated from the driving force transmission mechanism of the IFA. In this state, the connection structure 320 can receive the driving force, through the first structure 322, from the driving force transmission mechanism, while not receiving the braking force from the braking force transmission mechanism (as the braking force transmission mechanism is not activated and / or as the braking force transmission mechanism is disengaged from the braking force driving mechanism as discussed below).

[0033] In some examples, even if the braking force transmission mechanism of the IFA is activated without the activating structure (e.g., during operational issues, mechanical failures, etc.), the connection structure 320 can locate the braking force transmission mechanism of the IFA in the idle state, thereby preventing the connection structure 320 from receiving the brake force from the IFA. In some examples, this can be achieved by the second structure 326, which can abut against the braking force transmission mechanism in the idle state. As shown, the first surface 322S is shown to extend along the rotational axis of the rotating shaft 310, while a flat surface portion (e.g., flat along the line XX') of the second surface 326S is104860-2971 -3623.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 86324486 connected to the first surface 322S. The flat surface portion can abut against the braking force transmission mechanism in the idle state, such that the braking force transmission mechanism is not engaged with the braking force driving mechanism.

[0034] As discussed above, the techniques disclosed herein can provide a cartridge design, to operate without relying on the braking force from the IF A. By locating the braking force transmission mechanism in the idle state, the dependence on the braking force from the IFA can be eliminated, thereby avoiding issues related to intricate cartridge operating mechanisms and reducing overall system complexity and manufacturing costs. The connection between the cartridge and the IFA is not limited to those discussed above. In some examples, as discussed below, an adaptor can be utilized for the connection between the cartridge and the IFA (e.g., the cartridge operating mechanism) in various manners. It should be noted that the figures and description below are non-limiting examples and can be implemented as any of various other configurations while remaining within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B depict schematic views of an example adaptor 480 and a portion of an example cartridge 400. The adaptor 480 can include a first structure 482, a shaft-side connection structure 484, etc. The cartridge 400 can include a rotating shaft 410, a connection structure 420, etc. The adaptor 480 and the cartridge 400 shown here are simplified for illustrative purposes, and thus, can be implemented as any of various other configurations while remaining within the scope of the present disclosure. In some examples, the adaptor 480 and the cartridge 400 can include more, fewer, or different components than shown in the figures.

[0036] As shown in FIG. 4 A, the adaptor 480 can be connected to the rotating shaft 410 of the cartridge 400. The adaptor 480 can connect with the cartridge operating mechanism of the IFA at a first side 480 A while connecting with the cartridge 400 at a second side 480B.

[0037] In some examples, the adaptor 480 can engage with the cartridge operating mechanism through the first structure 482. Hereinafter, the “first structure” 482 is referred to as the “engagement member” 482. In some examples, the engagement member 482 can be disposed in an inner wall portion of the adaptor 480. The engagement member 482 can engage with the cartridge operating mechanism of the IFA in various manners. In some examples, the114860-2971 -3623.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 86324486 engagement member 482 can encompass the braking force transmission mechanism and the driving force transmission mechanism while engaging with the cartridge operating mechanism. In some examples, the engagement member 482 can be or include a pressure sleeve structure to engage with a corresponding portion (e.g., an outer surface) of the cartridge operating mechanism. For example, the engagement member 482 can fit over the outer surface of the cartridge operating mechanism, sealingly holding the cartridge operating mechanism and thus connecting to the same. In some examples, the engagement member 482 of the adaptor 480 can include, but not limited to, a hook, a wing nut fitting, a thread fitting, a shark-bite fitting, a teeth fitting, a pressure sleeve structure, or any other structures that can mechanically connect with the cartridge operating mechanism. In some examples, although not shown, the engagement member 482 can be disposed in an outer wall portion of the adaptor 480. For example, the engagement member 482 can be or include a hand wing nut structure on an exterior surface of the adaptor 480. By manipulating (e.g., rotating) the hand wing nut structure, the engagement member 482 disposed in an inner wall portion of the adaptor 480 can be engaged with the cartridge operating mechanism. For example, the engagement member 482 can include threads, which can engage with a corresponding structure (e.g., the outer surface) of the cartridge operating mechanism in response to rotating the hand wing nut structure. In some examples, the engagement member 482 can engage with a corresponding portion (e.g., the outer surface) of the cartridge operating mechanism to prevent a rotational motion of the adaptor 480 relative to the cartridge operating mechanism.

[0038] The adaptor 480 can include the force receiving structure 422. As shown, in some examples, the force receiving structure 422 can be disposed in the inner wall portion of the adaptor 480. The force receiving structure 422 can receive the driving force from the cartridge operating mechanism. When connected with the cartridge operating mechanism, the force receiving structure 422 can engage with the driving force transmission mechanism of the cartridge operating mechanism of the IF A, to receive the driving force from the driving force transmission mechanism. When connected with the rotating shaft 410 of the cartridge 400, the adaptor 480 can deliver the driving force to the rotating shaft 410 to drive the same.

[0039] The adaptor 480 can engage with the rotating shaft 410 through a connection between the shaft-side connection structure 484 and the connection structure 420. For example, as124860-2971 -3623.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 86324486 shown in FIG. 4B, the shaft-side connection structure 484 can be formed to engage with the connection structure 420 of the rotating shaft 410. Shown in FIG. 4B is a non-limiting example, and the shape, dimension, etc. of the shaft-side connection structure 484 and the connection structure 420 can be implemented as any of various other configurations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In some examples, the shaft-side connection structure 484 can engage with the connection structure 420 to prevent a rotational motion of the adaptor 480 relative to the rotating shaft 410. In some examples, the shaft-side connection structure 484 can be formed to engage with various types of the connection structure 420. For example, the shaft-side connection structure 484 can be shaped to connect with a generic type of cartridges.

[0040] As the adaptor 480 can connect with the IFA (e.g., through the engagement member 482) without a rotational motion relative to the cartridge operating mechanism, the adaptor 480 can serve as a connector to receive the driving force from the cartridge operating mechanism and then deliver the driving force to the rotating shaft 410. For example, in response to receiving the driving force from the driving force transmission mechanism, the adaptor 480 can rotate (as fixed to the cartridge operating mechanism), thereby rotating the rotating shaft 410 (as fixed to the rotating shaft 410).

[0041] While providing a connection between the cartridge operating mechanism and the cartridge 400, the adaptor 480 can be utilized to allow the cartridge 400 to operate without relying on the braking force transmission mechanism of the cartridge operating mechanism. This can be achieved by the adaptor 480 that omits an activating structure (e.g., the activating structure 224), thereby not activating the braking force transmission mechanism (e.g., not separating from the driving force transmission mechanism) and thus preventing the braking force transmission mechanism from providing the braking force. As shown in FIG. 4A, the adaptor 480 can omit the activating structure, which allows the braking force transmission mechanism to remain inactive. That is, the braking force transmission mechanism can remain engaged with the driving force transmission mechanism. Thus, the adaptor 480 can connect the cartridge operating mechanism with the rotating shaft 410 of the cartridge 400, without activating the braking force transmission mechanism. This allows the adaptor 480 (e.g., the force receiving structure 422) to receive the driving force but not the braking force from the134860-2971 -3623.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 86324486 cartridge operating mechanism. In some examples, the force receiving structure 422 can receive the driving force from the driving force transmission mechanism while the braking force transmission mechanism is engaged with the driving force transmission mechanism. The force receiving structure 422 can engage with the driving force transmission mechanism that is engaged with the braking force transmission mechanism and receive the driving force therefrom, while the adaptor 480 does not receive the braking force from the cartridge operating mechanism.

[0042] In some examples, even if the braking force transmission mechanism is activated without the activating structure (e.g., during operational issues, mechanical failures, etc.), the adaptor 480 can prevent the rotating shaft 410 from receiving the braking force from the braking force transmission mechanism. This can be achieved by the adaptor 480 that omits a structure (e.g., a structure to receive the braking force from the braking force transmission mechanism of the cartridge operating mechanism of the IF A) corresponding to the braking force transmission mechanism so the adaptor 480 does not receive any braking force from the braking force transmission mechanism of the cartridge operating mechanism of the IFA.

[0043] As discussed above, the techniques disclosed herein can provide an adaptor design, to operate without relying on the braking force from the IFA. By locating the braking force transmission mechanism in the idle state, and / or not activating the braking force transmission mechanism (e.g., by omitting the activating structure), the dependence on the braking force from the IFA can be eliminated, thereby avoiding issues related to intricate cartridge operating mechanisms and reducing overall system complexity and manufacturing costs. Furthermore, by connecting with the cartridge operating mechanism from an exterior thereof, the adaptors discussed above can save space between the IFA and the cartridge, providing space-efficient solutions without interfering with the operation of the IFA and cartridge.

[0044] The techniques disclosed above can provide the cartridges connectable to the IFA through the adaptor, while operating without relying on the braking force from the IFA. By locating the braking force transmission mechanism in the idle state, and / or not activating the braking force transmission mechanism (e.g., by omitting the activating structure), the dependence on the braking force from the IFA can be eliminated, thereby avoiding issues related to intricate cartridge operating mechanisms and reducing overall system complexity144860-2971 -3623.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 86324486 and manufacturing costs. Furthermore, by connecting with the cartridge operating mechanism from an exterior thereof, the connection through the adaptor discussed above can provide space-efficient solutions. The adaptor design that can fit within the limited space between the cartridge and the IFA can provide the connection between the IFA and cartridge without interfering other mechanical components of the IFA.

[0045] While not relying on the braking force from the IFA (e.g., utilizing the connection structures discussed with respect to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 and / or the adaptor discussed with respect to FIG. 4), the cartridges disclosed herein can include a force application mechanism to provide a braking force (e.g., damping, retarding, friction, etc.), allowing for more precise control of the cartridges (e.g., the rotating shaft thereof).

[0046] In some examples, the force application mechanism includes a contact component to contact a surface of a cartridge roller or of a peripheral portion of the rotating shaft (or otherwise outside an image area in which the rotating shaft transfers an image) or a surface of an adaptor (e.g., when the adaptor is detachably connected between the connection structure of the cartridge and the IFA) to apply the braking force. The contact component can be or include a friction roller (e.g., as shown in FIG. 5), a brake member (e.g., as shown in FIG. 6), an O-ring (e.g., as shown in FIG. 7), etc. The contact component can generate friction by contacting the surface of the cartridge roller or of the peripheral portion of the rotating shaft or the surface of the adaptor. In some examples, the contact component can press against the surface of the cartridge roller or of the peripheral portion of the rotating shaft or the surface of the adaptor to apply a normal force. The contact component can be fixed relative to the surface during rotation of the rotating shaft such that a relative motion between the contact component and the surface can generate the friction. In some examples, the force application mechanism includes a rotating component (e.g., the friction roller as shown in FIG. 5, the Ciring as shown in FIG. 7, etc.) to rotate, in response to rotation of the rotating shaft in a first direction, in a second direction opposite to the first direction. The rotating component can rotate while a surface of the rotating component contacts a surface of the rotating shaft, and the two surfaces in contact can generate friction. In some examples, the force application mechanism can be a fluid-based mechanism (e.g., as shown in FIG. 8). The force application mechanism can include viscous fluid contained inside the rotating shaft, and the viscous fluid154860-2971 -3623.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 86324486 can generate viscous damping or viscoelastic damping in response to the rotation of the rotating shaft. With the foregoing in mind, the figures and description below illustrate examples of the force application mechanism. It should be noted that the figures and description herein are non-limiting examples and can be implemented as any of various other configurations while remaining within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0047] FIG. 5 depicts a schematic view of a portion of an example cartridge 500. More specifically, shown in the figure is a portion of the cartridge 500 including a force application mechanism 550. In some examples, the cartridge 500 may be substantially similar to or incorporate features of the cartridges 20, 200, 300, 400, etc. For example, the cartridge 500 can include a rotating shaft 510, a connection structure 520, etc. The force application mechanism 550 can include a friction roller 552, a roller support 554, etc. The cartridge 500 and the force application mechanism 550 shown here are simplified for illustrative purposes, and thus, can be implemented as any of various other configurations while remaining within the scope of the present disclosure. In some examples, the cartridge 500 and the force application mechanism 550 can include more, fewer, or different components than shown in the figures.

[0048] Referring to FIG. 5, the force application mechanism 550 can include the friction roller 552 to contact a surface of a peripheral portion 510p (e.g., otherwise outside an image area 5 lOi in which the rotating shaft 510 transfers an image, thereby preventing the force application mechanism 550 from interfering the image forming operation of the cartridge 500) of the rotating shaft 510 to apply the braking force. In some examples, although not shown, the friction roller 552 can contact a surface of a cartridge roller 528 or a surface of an adaptor (e.g., a surface 429 of the adaptor 480; when the adaptor 480 is detachably connected between the IF A and the cartridge). The friction roller 552 can rotate about the roller support 554 in a direction 556 in response to the rotating shaft 510 rotating in a direction 512, with a surface of the friction roller 552 contacting the surface of the peripheral portion 510p. The contact between the surface of the friction roller 552 and the surface of the peripheral portion 5 lOp can generate the braking force in a direction 514. The braking force in the direction 514 can generate damping, retarding, friction, etc. of the rotating shaft 510, thereby enabling that the rotating shaft 510 can be driven based on the driving force (e.g., to rotate the rotating shaft164860-2971 -3623.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 86324486 in the direction 512) and the braking force in the direction 514, without receiving a braking force from IFA. The force application mechanism 550 can be disposed in the cartridge 500. In some examples, the force application mechanism 550 can be attached to an inner wall portion of the cartridge 500.

[0049] As disclosed herein, the force application mechanism can be implemented as any of various other configurations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 6, the spring brake design is discussed as the force application mechanism. FIG. 6 depicts a schematic view of a portion of an example cartridge 600. More specifically, shown in the figure is a portion of the cartridge 600 including a force application mechanism 650. In some examples, the cartridge 600 may be substantially similar to or incorporate features of the cartridges 20, 200, 300, 400, etc. For example, the cartridge 600 can include a rotating shaft 610, a connection structure 620, etc. The force application mechanism 650 can include a brake member 652, a pressing member 654, etc. The cartridge 600 and the force application mechanism 650 shown here are simplified for illustrative purposes, and thus, can be implemented as any of various other configurations while remaining within the scope of the present disclosure. In some examples, the cartridge 600 and the force application mechanism 650 can include more, fewer, or different components than shown in the figures.

[0050] Referring to FIG. 6, the force application mechanism 650 can include the brake member 652 and the pressing member 654. The brake member 652 can contact a surface of a cartridge roller 628. In some examples, although not shown, the brake member 652 can contact a surface of the rotating shaft 610 (e.g., similar to the friction roller 552 of the force application mechanism 650) or of the adaptor (e.g., the surface 429 of the adaptor 480). The pressing member 654 can press the brake member 652 against the surface of the cartridge roller 628. Although the pressing member 654 is shown as a spring in FIG. 6, the pressing member 654 shown in FIG. 6 is a non-limiting example and thus can be replaced with any structure that can provide such a restoring force or elastic force to press the brake member 652 against the surface of the cartridge roller 628. The brake member 652 can be fixed relative to the surface of the cartridge roller 628 rotating in a direction 612, while a surface of the brake member 652 contacts the surface of the cartridge roller 628. The contact between the surface of the brake member 652 and the surface of cartridge roller 628 can generate the174860-2971 -3623.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 86324486 braking force in a direction 614. More specifically, the brake member 652 can apply a normal force to cartridge roller 628. In response to the rotation of the rotating shaft 610 in the direction 612, the normal force can generate the friction in the direction 614.

[0051] The braking force in the direction 614 can generate damping, retarding, friction, etc. of the rotating shaft 610, thereby enabling that the rotating shaft 610 can be driven based on the driving force (e.g., to rotate the rotating shaft in the direction 612) and the braking force in the direction 614, without receiving a braking force from IF A. The force application mechanism 650 can be disposed in the cartridge 600. In some examples, the force application mechanism 650 can be attached to an inner wall portion of the cartridge 600.

[0052] Referring to FIG. 7A, FIG. 7B, FIG. 7C, the O-ring friction member is discussed as the force application mechanism. FIG. 7A depicts a schematic view of a portion of an example cartridge 700. More specifically, shown in the FIG. 7A is a portion of the cartridge 700 including an example force application mechanism 750. FIG. 7B and FIG. 7C depict cross- sectional views of a portion of the cartridge 700. More specifically, shown in FIG. 7B and FIG. 7C are examples of the force application mechanism 750 and a portion of a rotating shaft 710. In some examples, the cartridge 700 may be substantially similar to or incorporate features of the cartridges 20, 200, 300, 400, etc. For example, the cartridge 700 can include the rotating shaft 710, a connection structure 720, etc. The cartridge 700 shown here is simplified for illustrative purposes, and thus, can be implemented as any of various other configurations while remaining within the scope of the present disclosure. In some examples, the cartridge 700 can include more, fewer, or different components than shown in the figures.

[0053] Referring to FIG. 7B, the force application mechanism 750 can include an O-ring 752 and a body 751. The body 751 can accommodate the O-ring 752 within a gland 754. The O- ring 752 can rotate within the gland 754 in response to rotation of the rotating shaft 710 in a direction 712, while contacting a surface of a cartridge roller 728. In some examples, although not shown, the O-ring 752 can contact a surface of the rotating shaft 710 (e.g., similar to the friction roller 552 of the force application mechanism 650) or of the adaptor (e.g., the surface 429 of the adaptor 480). The contact between the O-ring 752 and the surface of the cartridge roller 728 can generate braking force in a direction 714. The braking force in the direction 714 can generate damping, retarding, friction, etc. of the rotating shaft 710, thereby enabling184860-2971 -3623.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 86324486 that the rotating shaft 710 can be driven based on the driving force (e.g., to rotate the rotating shaft in the direction 712) and the braking force in the direction 714, without receiving a braking force from IF A. The force application mechanism 750 can be disposed in the cartridge 700. In some examples, the force application mechanism 750 can be attached to an inner wall portion of the cartridge 700.

[0054] Referring to FIG. 7C, as opposed to the force application mechanism 750 shown in FIG. 7B, the force application mechanism 750 can additionally include a chamber 756 to contain viscous fluid. The chamber 756 can provide the viscous fluid contained therein to a space adjacent to and / or between the surface of the cartridge roller 728 and the O-ring 752. While the O-ring 752 rotates, the viscous fluid provided to the space adjacent to and / or between the surface of the cartridge roller 728 and the O-ring 752 can generate viscoelastic friction. In some examples, the force application mechanism 750 shown in FIG. 7C can include more than one set of the O-ring 752 and gland 754. As shown in FIG. 7C, the more than one set of the O-ring 752 and gland 754 can be arranged along the Z axis. In some examples, the more than one set of the O-ring 752 and gland 754 can be arranged to encircle the surface of the cartridge roller 728.

[0055] As disclosed herein, the force application mechanism can be implemented as any of various other configurations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 8, in some examples, the force application mechanism can be implemented based on viscous fluid to generate viscous damping or viscoelastic damping as the braking force. FIG. 8 depicts a schematic view showing a cross section of a portion of an example cartridge 800. More specifically, shown in the figure is a portion of the cartridge 800 including a force application mechanism 850 disposed inside a rotating shaft 810 of the cartridge 800. In some examples, the cartridge 800 may be substantially similar to or incorporate features of the cartridges 20, 200, 300, 400, etc. The force application mechanism 850 can include a chamber 854 to contain fluid (e.g., viscous fluid, gas, etc.), a paddle 856, etc. The cartridge 800 and the force application mechanism 850 shown here are simplified for illustrative purposes, and thus, can be implemented as any of various other configurations while remaining within the scope of the present disclosure. In some examples, the cartridge 800 and the force application mechanism 850 can include more, fewer, or different194860-2971 -3623.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 86324486 components than shown in the figures.

[0056] Referring to FIG. 8, the force application mechanism 850 can include the chamber 854 and the paddle 856. The chamber can be disposed inside the rotating shaft 810 and contain fluid (e.g., viscous fluid, gas, etc.). The paddle 856 can be fixed to the rotating shaft 810 (e.g., an inner portion thereof) such that the paddle 856 can rotate, in response to rotation of the rotating shaft 810 in a direction 812, in the direction 812. As shown, in some examples, the paddle 856 can be formed to extend from a rotating axis 855 of the rotating shaft 810. The paddle 856 can include a paddle surface 856S to extend along the Z axis (e.g., the rotational axis) and the R axis (e.g., the radial axis). Shown in FIG. 8 is a non-limiting example of the paddle 856, and thus the paddle 856 can be implemented as any of various other configurations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0057] When the rotating shaft 810 rotates with the chamber 854 containing the fluid (e.g., viscous fluid, gas, etc.), the paddle 856 fixed to the rotating shaft 810 can rotate through the fluid. The fluid can apply a braking force to the paddle 856 (e.g., to the paddle surface 856S) in response to the rotation of the rotating shaft 810. Here, the braking force can be viscous damping provided by the fluid motion relative to the paddle surface 856S, which in turn, apply the braking force to the rotating shaft 810.

[0058] As such, the force application mechanism 850 can apply the braking force opposite in direction to a driving force rotating the rotating shaft 810 such that the rotating shaft 810 can be driven based on the driving force and the braking force. As shown in FIG. 8, the force application mechanism 850 can generate the braking force in response to the rotating shaft 810 rotating in a direction 812. When the rotating shaft 810 is driven to rotate in the direction 812 in response to receiving the driving force, the viscous damping by the relative motion between the paddle 856 and the fluid contained in the chamber 854 can generate the braking force in a direction 814, which in turn, can generate damping, retarding, friction, etc. of the rotating shaft 810. The force application mechanism 850 discussed with respect to FIG. 8 is a non-limiting example, and thus can be implemented as any of various other configurations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0059] In some examples, the viscous fluid contained in the force application mechanism can204860-2971 -3623.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 86324486 generate the viscous damping or viscoelastic damping in various manners in response to the rotation of the rotating shaft 810. In some examples, the geometry of the force application mechanism 850 (e.g., the paddle 856) can be modified to tune the degree of the viscous damping. In some examples, the fluid can be selected to tune the degree of viscous damping. In some examples, a pump, an agitator, a propeller, an impeller, etc. can be provided in the chamber 854 to control the degree of viscous damping. For example, an impeller assembly can be provided inside the rotating shaft to precisely control (e.g., generate, remove, etc.) curling of the fluid in the chamber 854. In some examples, a rotator disk and a stator disc can be provided in the chamber 854. The rotator disk and the stator disc can rotate relative to each other while passing through the fluid in the chamber 854. This can generate a sheer force, which in turn generate the braking force (e.g., viscoelastic damping) in the direction 814 in response to the rotation of the rotating shaft 810 in the direction 812.

[0060] In some examples, the force application mechanism 850 can be disposed inside the rotating shaft 810, as shown in FIG. 8. In some examples, although not shown, the force application mechanism 850 can be disposed inside a cartridge roller, a connection structure 820 of the rotating shaft 810, etc.

[0061] In an aspect of the present disclosure, a cartridge is disclosed. The cartridge includes a connection structure connected to a rotating shaft of the cartridge, the connection structure including a force receiving structure to receive a first force, and a force application mechanism, disposed in the cartridge, to apply a second force opposite in direction to the first force. The rotating shaft is driven based on the first force and the second force.

[0062] In some examples, the force application mechanism includes a contact component to contact a surface of a cartridge roller or of a peripheral portion of the rotating shaft to apply the second force. In some examples, the contact component is a friction roller to rotate in response to rotation of the rotating shaft. In some examples, the contact component is a brake member to contact the surface, and the force application mechanism includes a pressing member to press the brake member against the surface. In some examples, the contact component is an O-ring to rotate in response to rotation of the rotating shaft, and the force application mechanism includes a body to accommodate the O-ring within a gland. In some examples, the force application mechanism includes a chamber to contain viscous fluid to be214860-2971 -3623.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 86324486 provided to a space between the surface and the O-ring. In some examples, the force application mechanism is disposed inside the rotating shaft and includes a chamber disposed inside the rotation shaft and containing fluid and a paddle fixed to the rotating shaft, the paddle to rotate through the fluid in response to rotation of the rotating shaft. The fluid is to apply the second force to the paddle in response to the rotation of the rotation shaft.

[0063] In yet another aspect of the present disclosure, a cartridge connectable to an image forming apparatus (IF A) is disclosed. The cartridge includes a connection structure connected to a rotating shaft of the cartridge, the connection structure including a force receiving structure to receive a first force to drive the rotating shaft, and a force application mechanism, disposed in the cartridge, to generate friction in response to rotation of the rotating shaft.

[0064] In some examples, the force application mechanism includes a contact component to generate the friction by contacting a surface of the rotating shaft or of a cartridge roller, and the surface is outside an image area in which the rotating shaft transfers an image. In some examples, the cartridge includes an adaptor detachably connected between the connection structure and the IF A, and the force application mechanism includes a contact component to generate the friction by contacting a surface of the adaptor. In some examples, the rotation of the rotating shaft is in a first direction, and the force application mechanism includes a rotating component to rotate, in response to the rotation of the rotating shaft, in a second direction opposite to the first direction. In some examples, the force application mechanism includes viscous fluid contained inside the rotating shaft, the viscous fluid to generate viscous damping or viscoelastic damping in response to the rotation of the rotating shaft.

[0065] In yet another aspect of the present disclosure, a cartridge is disclosed. The cartridge includes a connection structure connected to a rotating shaft of the cartridge, the connection structure including a force receiving structure to receive a driving force to drive the rotating shaft, and a force application mechanism, disposed in the cartridge, to apply a normal force on the rotating shaft or the connection structure.

[0066] In some examples, the force application mechanism includes a contact surface to press against a surface of a cartridge roller or of the rotating shaft to apply the normal force. In some examples, the contact surface is fixed relative to the surface during rotation of the224860-2971 -3623.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 86324486 rotating shaft, and a relative motion between the contact surface and the surface is to generate friction.

[0067] It should be understood that examples described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each example should be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other examples. While examples have been described with reference to the figures, it should be understood that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope as defined by the following claims.

[0068] The disclosure has been described above with reference to the various examples. However, it is to be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various modifications may be made in form and detail without departing from the scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0069] Conditional language used herein, such as, among others, "can," "could," "might," "may," “e.g.,” and the like, unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain examples include, while other examples do not include, certain features, elements. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements are in any way required for examples or those examples include logic for deciding, with or without other input or prompting, whether these features, elements are included or are to be performed in any particular example. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and the like are synonymous and are used inclusively, in an open-ended fashion, and do not exclude additional elements, features, acts, operations, and so forth. Also, the term “or” is used in its inclusive sense (and not in its exclusive sense) so that when used, for example, to connect a list of elements, the term “or” means one, some, or all of the elements in the list.

[0070] While the above detailed description has shown, described, and pointed out novel features as applied to various examples, it can be understood that various omissions, substitutions, and changes in the form and details of the devices illustrated can be made without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. As can be recognized, certain examples described herein can be embodied within a form that does not provide all of the features and234860-2971 -3623.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 86324486 benefits set forth herein, as some features can be used or practiced separately from others.

[0071] The herein described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected," or "operably coupled," to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being "operably couplable," to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and / or physically interacting components and / or wirelessly interactable and / or wirelessly interacting components and / or logically interacting and / or logically interactable components.

[0072] With respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and / or application. The various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.

[0073] It should be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as "open" terms (e.g., the term "including" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to," the term "having" should be interpreted as "having at least," the term "includes" should be interpreted as "includes but is not limited to," etc.). It should be understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent should be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art should recognize that such recitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number. It should be understood by those within the244860-2971 -3623.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 86324486 art that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase "A or B" should be understood to include the possibilities of "A" or "B" or "A and B." Furthermore, unless otherwise noted, the use of the words “approximate,” “about,” “around,” “substantially,” etc., mean plus or minus ten percent.

[0074] The foregoing description of illustrative examples has been presented for purposes of illustration and of description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or limiting with respect to the precise form disclosed, and modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of the disclosed examples.254860-2971 -3623.1

Claims

Atty. Dkt. No.: 86324486WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A cartridge comprising: a connection structure connected to a rotating shaft of the cartridge, the connection structure comprising a force receiving structure to receive a first force; and a force application mechanism, disposed in the cartridge, to apply a second force opposite in direction to the first force, wherein the rotating shaft is driven based on the first force and the second force.

2. The cartridge of claim 1, wherein the force application mechanism includes a contact component to contact a surface of a cartridge roller or of a peripheral portion of the rotating shaft to apply the second force.

3. The cartridge of claim 2, wherein the contact component is a friction roller to rotate in response to rotation of the rotating shaft.

4. The cartridge of claim 2, wherein the contact component is a brake member to contact the surface, and wherein the force application mechanism includes a pressing member to press the brake member against the surface.

5. The cartridge of claim 2, wherein the contact component is an O-ring to rotate in response to rotation of the rotating shaft, and wherein the force application mechanism includes a body to accommodate the O-ring within a gland.

6. The cartridge of claim 5, wherein the force application mechanism includes a chamber to contain viscous fluid to be provided to a space between the surface and the O- ring.

7. The cartridge of claim 1, wherein the force application mechanism is disposed inside the rotating shaft and includes: a chamber disposed inside the rotation shaft and containing fluid; and264860-2971 -3623.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 86324486 a paddle fixed to the rotating shaft, the paddle to rotate through the fluid in response to rotation of the rotating shaft, wherein the fluid is to apply the second force to the paddle in response to the rotation of the rotation shaft.

8. A cartridge connectable to an image forming apparatus (IF A), the cartridge comprising: a connection structure connected to a rotating shaft of the cartridge, the connection structure comprising a force receiving structure to receive a first force to drive the rotating shaft; and a force application mechanism, disposed in the cartridge, to generate friction in response to rotation of the rotating shaft.

9. The cartridge of claim 8, wherein the force application mechanism includes a contact component to generate the friction by contacting a surface of the rotating shaft or of a cartridge roller, and wherein the surface is outside an image area in which the rotating shaft transfers an image.

10. The cartridge of claim 8, comprising an adaptor detachably connected between the connection structure and the IF A, wherein the force application mechanism includes a contact component to generate the friction by contacting a surface of the adaptor.

11. The cartridge of claim 8, wherein the rotation of the rotating shaft is in a first direction, and wherein the force application mechanism includes a rotating component to rotate, in response to the rotation of the rotating shaft, in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

12. The cartridge of claim 8, wherein the force application mechanism includes viscous fluid contained inside the rotating shaft, the viscous fluid to generate viscous damping or viscoelastic damping in response to the rotation of the rotating shaft.274860-2971 -3623.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 8632448613. A cartridge comprising: a connection structure connected to a rotating shaft of the cartridge, the connection structure comprising a force receiving structure to receive a driving force to drive the rotating shaft; and a force application mechanism, disposed in the cartridge, to apply a normal force on the rotating shaft or the connection structure.

14. The cartridge of claim 13, wherein the force application mechanism includes a contact component to press against a surface of a cartridge roller or of the rotating shaft to apply the normal force.

15. The cartridge of claim 14, wherein the contact component is fixed relative to the surface during rotation of the rotating shaft, and a relative motion between the contact component and the surface is to generate friction.284860-2971 -3623.1

Images