Antenna, wireless transceiver apparatus, and base station
The antenna design optimizes space utilization and reduces non-circularity by incorporating a dielectric layer, radiation patch, feed structure, and reflector, enhancing signal coverage and performance in compact indoor environments.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/115694
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-05
AI Technical Summary
Traditional passive antennas are large in size, affecting aesthetics and complicating management, and integrating multiple antenna units within a limited space leads to issues such as non-circularity, signal blind spots, and poor signal coverage due to high non-circularity.
The antenna design includes a dielectric layer with a radiation patch, feed structure, ground structure, and bracket, featuring branches and a reflector with specific dimensions and materials to enhance space utilization, impedance matching, and reduce non-circularity.
The design achieves improved space efficiency, stable electrical connections, and reduces non-circularity from ±4.21dB to ±2.92dB, ensuring better signal coverage and performance.
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Figure CN2024115694_05032026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
ANTENNA, WIRELESS TRANSCEIVER APPARATUS, AND BASE STATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to display technology, more particularly, to an antenna, a wireless transceiver apparatus, and a base station.BACKGROUND
[0002] Based on industry predictions, it is anticipated that 80%of network application scenarios in the 5G era will occur indoors, such as in stadiums, shopping malls, schools, residential buildings, airports, stations, and subways. Coverage of these key areas is crucial for network construction. Relying solely on macro base station coverage is insufficient to meet the high throughput and high-frequency communication demands of these scenarios. Therefore, the construction of indoor network distribution systems is of paramount importance, presenting development opportunities for small base stations. In indoor distribution system construction, indoor distribution antennas are a critical component for achieving communication network coverage.SUMMARY
[0003] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an antenna, comprising an antenna, comprising a dielectric layer; a radiation patch on the dielectric layer; a feed structure connected to the radiation patch; a ground structure spaced apart from the feed structure; and a bracket on the dielectric layer; wherein the radiation patch comprises a main body; and one or more branches extending away from the main body; wherein the ground structure comprises a first ground portion and a second ground portion spaced apart by the feed structure; wherein the bracket is in contact with the dielectric layer; and the feed structure, the first ground portion, and the second ground portion are at least partially in contact with the bracket.
[0004] Optionally, at least one of the feed structure, the first ground portion, and the second ground portion is on at least two surfaces of the bracket; and the bracket is hollow inside.
[0005] Optionally, the one or more branches comprise at least two branches extending away from two opposite sides of the main body, respectively.
[0006] Optionally, the radiation patch further comprises a transition line connecting the feed structure to the main body.
[0007] Optionally, the transition line has a first width where it connects to the feed structure, and a second width where it connects to the main body; the second width is greater than the first width; and the second width is equal to a width of a side of the main body.
[0008] Optionally, the ground structure comprises one or more arms extending away from a main portion of the first ground portion or a main portion of the second ground portion, respectively; and the ground structure is bent with a step structure.
[0009] Optionally, the one or more arms comprises a first arm extending away from a main portion of the first ground portion toward a first branch of one or more branches, and a second arm extending away from a main portion of the second ground portion toward a second branch of the one or more branches.
[0010] Optionally, an orthographic projection of the first arm on the dielectric layer is at an angle in a range of 60 degrees to 90 degrees with an orthographic projection of the first branch on the dielectric layer; and an orthographic projection of the second arm on the dielectric layer is at an angle in a range of 60 degrees to 90 degrees with an orthographic projection of the second branch on the dielectric layer.
[0011] Optionally, a length of the main body is in a range of 0.17λ~0.22λ; a length of each of the one or more branches is in a range of 0.07λ~0.1λ; a length of each of the one or more arms is in a range of 0.06λ~0.08λ; a ratio of a width to the length of each of the one or more branches is in a range of 0.3 to 0.7; a ratio of a width to the length of the main body is in a range of 0.6 to 0.9; and a ratio of a width to the length of each of the one or more arms is in a range of 0.15 to 0.8; wherein λ is a wavelength corresponding to a lowest frequency in an operating band of the antenna.
[0012] Optionally, the antenna further comprises a reflector spaced apart from the radiation patch; wherein the reflector has a ring shape surrounding a hole region; and an orthographic projection of the reflector on a base substrate is at least partially non-overlapping with an orthographic projection of the main body on the base substrate, and at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of one or more branches of the radiation patch on the base substrate.
[0013] Optionally, the reflector at least comprises a first sublayer and a second sublayer on a side of the first sublayer away from the radiation patch; wherein the first sublayer comprises a dielectric insulating material; and the second sublayer comprises a conductive material.
[0014] Optionally, the first sublayer has a thickness in a range of 0.3 to 2.0 mm; the second sublayer has a thickness in a range of 0.01 to 0.1 mm; an outer ring of the reflector has a diameter in a range of 0.17λ to 0.20λ; an inner ring of the reflector has a diameter in a range of 0.08λ to 0.12λ; the reflector is spaced apart from the feed structure by a distance in a range of 0.1 to 3 mm; and λ is a wavelength corresponding to a lowest frequency in an operating band of the antenna.
[0015] Optionally, the antenna further comprises a notch truncating a portion of a ring structure of the reflector; wherein the notch is configured to receive at least a portion of the feed structure; and an orthographic projection of the notch on a base substrate partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the feed structure on the base substrate.
[0016] Optionally, the reflector comprises a first sublayer and a second sublayer on a side of the first sublayer away from the radiation patch; wherein the second sublayer at least comprises a fold structure at least partially covers an edge of a portion of an outer ring of the first sublayer; the fold structure abuts the notch, and is adjacent to the feed structure; and a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body and the feed structure also intersects the fold structure.
[0017] Optionally, the fold structure has a width along a first direction in a range of 0.5 to 5.0 mm; and the first direction is substantially parallel to a direction from a first ground portion to a second ground portion of the ground structure.
[0018] Optionally, the notch has a width along a first direction, and a length along a second direction; the first direction is substantially parallel to a direction from a first ground portion to a second ground portion of the ground structure; the second direction is substantially parallel to a direction from the feed structure to the radiation patch; the length in a range of 0.13λ~0.16λ; the width is in a range of 0.05λ~0.08λ; and λ is a wavelength corresponding to a lowest frequency in an operating band of the antenna.
[0019] Optionally, the antenna further comprises a plurality of spacers configured to attach the reflector on the dielectric layer or on the cover.
[0020] Optionally, the antenna further comprises an insulating layer filled in the hole region; wherein the ring shape surrounds the insulating layer; wherein the antenna further comprises a second notch truncating a portion of the ring structure of the reflector.
[0021] Optionally, the insulating layer are made from a unitary dielectric plate.
[0022] Optionally, the antenna further comprises one or more first slots and / or one or more second slots; wherein the one or more first slots extend through the main body; the one or more second slots extend through a portion of the transition line, and extend through a portion of the main body; each of the one or more first slots is surrounded by a portion of the main body; and each of the one or more second slots is partially surrounded by a portion of the main body, and partially surrounded by a portion of the transition line.
[0023] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a wireless transceiver apparatus, comprising the antenna described herein; and a cover on a side of the antenna away from the dielectric layer; wherein the cover is spaced apart from the antenna and the dielectric layer by a gap; and the antenna is in contact with the dielectric layer; wherein the wireless transceiver apparatus comprises an installation surface divided into at least one installation area, with at least one antenna positioned at an edge of the at least one installation area.
[0024] Optionally, the wireless transceiver apparatus comprises a plurality of antennas; wherein each of the plurality of antennas is spaced apart from a closest edge of the dielectric layer by a distance in a range of 6.8%to 11.6%of the wavelength of a lowest frequency in a frequency band of the wireless transceiver apparatus; and each of the antennas is spaced apart from a closest corner of the dielectric layer by a distance in a range of 7.6%to 12.5%of the wavelength of the lowest frequency in the frequency band of the wireless transceiver apparatus.
[0025] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a base station, comprising the wireless transceiver apparatus described herein, and one or more processors.
[0026] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0027] The following drawings are merely examples for illustrative purposes according to various disclosed embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
[0028] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of an antenna assembly in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0029] FIG. 2 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a radiation patch in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0031] FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a radiation patch in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0032] FIG. 4 shows a correlation between values of voltage standing wave ratio and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0033] FIG. 5 shows a radiation pattern and gain distribution of the antenna in a three-dimensional polar plot in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0034] FIG. 6 shows non-circularity of an antenna radiation pattern at a central frequency of 2345MHz.
[0035] FIG. 7 shows a correlation between values of voltage standing wave ratio and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0036] FIG. 8 shows non-circularity of an antenna radiation pattern at a central frequency of 2345MHz.
[0037] FIG. 9 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0038] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a radiation patch in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0039] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view along an A-A’ line in the antenna depicted in FIG. 9.
[0040] FIG. 12 is a perspective view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0041] FIG. 13 shows a correlation between values of voltage standing wave ratio and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0042] FIG. 14 shows a radiation pattern and gain distribution of the antenna in a three-dimensional polar plot in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0043] FIG. 15 shows non-circularity of an antenna radiation pattern at a central frequency of 2345MHz.
[0044] FIG. 16 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0045] FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a radiation patch in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0046] FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a reflector in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0047] FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view along a B-B’ line in the antenna depicted in FIG. 16.
[0048] FIG. 20 shows a correlation between values of voltage standing wave ratio and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0049] FIG. 21 shows a radiation pattern and gain distribution of the antenna in a three-dimensional polar plot in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0050] FIG. 22 shows non-circularity of an antenna radiation pattern at a central frequency of 2345MHz.
[0051] FIG. 23A shows one or more spacers supporting the reflector on a dielectric layer in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0052] FIG. 23B shows a bracket on a dielectric layer in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0053] FIG. 24 illustrates a position of an antenna relative to the dielectric layer in an antenna assembly in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0054] FIG. 25 illustrates a position of an antenna relative to the dielectric layer in an antenna assembly in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0055] FIG. 26 illustrates a position of an antenna relative to the dielectric layer in an antenna assembly in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0056] FIG. 27 illustrates a position of an antenna relative to the dielectric layer in an antenna assembly in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0057] FIG. 28 shows a correlation between values of voltage standing wave ratio and frequencies in the antenna depicted in FIG. 25.
[0058] FIG. 29 shows a radiation pattern and gain distribution of the antenna in a three-dimensional polar plot in the antenna depicted in FIG. 25.
[0059] FIG. 30 shows non-circularity of an antenna radiation pattern at a central frequency of 2345MHz in the antenna depicted in FIG. 25.
[0060] FIG. 31 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0061] FIG. 32 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0062] FIG. 33 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0063] FIG. 34 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0064] FIG. 35 is a top view of a reflector in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0065] FIG. 36 is a top view of a reflector in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0066] FIG. 37 is a top view of a reflector in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0067] FIG. 38 is a top view of a reflector in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0068] FIG. 39 is a top view of a reflector in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0069] FIG. 40 is a top view of a reflector in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0070] FIG. 41 shows an arrangement of antennas in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0071] FIG. 42 shows an arrangement of antennas in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0072] FIG. 43 shows an arrangement of antennas in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0073] FIG. 44 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a reflector in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0074] FIG. 45 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a reflector in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0075] The disclosure will now be described more specifically with reference to the following embodiments. It is to be noted that the following descriptions of some embodiments are presented herein for purpose of illustration and description only. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to be limited to the precise form disclosed.
[0076] Traditional passive antennas are generally large in size, affecting aesthetics and complicating subsequent management. In contrast, the digital indoor distribution technology can better meet high throughput communication needs. To integrate terminals with the environment, it is necessary to make them more aesthetically pleasing and compact without compromising performance. Therefore, higher requirements are proposed for the miniaturization and high integration of antennas. When antennas and radiofrequency modules are integrated within a limited space, it can easily lead to deterioration in parameters such as standing wave ratio, ellipticity, and isolation.
[0077] Non-circularity of an antenna is directly related to its coverage range. A high degree of non-circularity can result in local signal blind spots, affecting the user experience. Therefore, non-circularity is one of the core indicators in product evaluation, with a general requirement of non-circularity ≤±3dB. In traditional antenna design, the structure is typically designed symmetrically and distributed in a circular or near-circular manner to reduce non-circularity. However, for multi-input multi-output indoor distribution terminals, integrating multiple antenna units within a limited space makes it difficult to achieve circular symmetrical distribution relative to the terminal structure, thus imposing higher requirements for reducing ellipticity.
[0078] Accordingly, the present disclosure provides, inter alia, an antenna, a wireless transceiver apparatus, and a base station that substantially obviate one or more of the problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art. In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an antenna. In some embodiments, the antenna includes a dielectric layer; a radiation patch on the dielectric layer; a feed structure connected to the radiation patch; a ground structure spaced apart from the feed structure; and a bracket on the dielectric layer. Optionally, the radiation patch comprises a main body; and one or more branches extending away from the main body. Optionally, the ground structure comprises a first ground portion and a second ground portion spaced apart by the feed structure. Optionally, the bracket is in contact with the dielectric layer. Optionally, the feed structure, the first ground portion, and the second ground portion are at least partially in contact with the bracket.
[0079] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of an antenna assembly in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 1, the antenna assembly in some embodiments includes a dielectric layer DL, an antenna AN on the dielectric layer DL, and a cover C on a side of the antenna AN away from the dielectric layer DL. Optionally, the cover C is spaced apart from the antenna AN and the dielectric layer DL by a gap. Optionally, the antenna AN is in contact with the dielectric layer DL. Optionally, the antenna assembly further includes a bracket BRT configured to stabilize the antenna AN. Optionally, a first portion of the antenna AN is attached to the bracket BRT, and a second portion of the antenna AN is attached to the dielectric layer DL. The inventors of the present disclosure discover that, by having the bracket BRT, a feed structure and a ground structure can be attached to the bracket BRT that is at least partially raised. The structure allows for optimal use of space and reduces the distance to the cover C. The feed is achieved by contact between spring pins or clips and the contact points on the cover C. The structure improves the efficiency of space utilization and ensures stable and reliable electrical connections.
[0080] In some embodiments, the antenna AN is positioned at a corner of the dielectric layer DL, for example, between two sides of the dielectric layer DL. In some embodiments, the antenna AN is spaced apart by a distance in a range of 5 mm to 15 mm, e.g., 5 mm to 6 mm, 6 mm to 7 mm, 7 mm to 8 mm, 8 mm to 9 mm, 9 mm to 10 mm, 10 mm to 11 mm, 11 mm to 12 mm, 12 mm to 13 mm, 13 mm to 14 mm, or 14 mm to 15 mm.
[0081] FIG. 2 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the antenna in some embodiments includes a radiation patch RP, a feed structure FS connected to the radiation patch RP, and a ground structure GS. In some embodiments, the ground structure GS is spaced apart from the feed structure FS. Optionally, the feed structure FS and the ground structure GS are attached to the bracket.
[0082] In some embodiments, the ground structure GS is bent with a step structure.
[0083] FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a radiation patch in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3A, the radiation patch RP includes a main body MB, a transition line TL connecting the feed structure FS to the main body MB. In some embodiments, the transition line TL has a first width w1 where it connects to the feed structure FS, and a second width w2 where it connects to the main body MB. Optionally, the second width w2 is greater than the first width w1. Optionally, the width of the transition line TL gradually decreases along a direction from the main body MB to the feed structure FS. The inventors of the present disclosure discover that, by having the transition line TL connecting the feed structure FS to the main body MB, a better impedance matching can be achieved in the antenna.
[0084] In some embodiments, the radiation patch RP further includes one or more branches BR. Optionally, the one or more branches BR include two branches extending away from two opposite sides of the main body MB, respectively. Optionally, the two branches have a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body MB, the transition line TL, the feed structure FS, and the dielectric layer DL. The one or more branches BR are configured to adjust operating frequency band of the antenna. Alternatively, the two branches are non-symmetrical.
[0085] FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a radiation patch in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 3B, the one or more branches BR include four branches extending away from two opposite sides of the main body MB, respectively. Optionally, the four branches are non-symmetrical.
[0086] In some embodiments, the ground structure GS includes a first ground portion GP1 and a second ground portion GP2 spaced apart by the feed structure FS. Optionally, a first part of the first ground portion GP1 is attached to the dielectric layer DL, and a second part of the first ground portion GP1 is detached from the dielectric layer DL. In one example, the second part of the first ground portion GP1 is attached to the bracket BRT. Optionally, a first part of the second ground portion GP2 is attached to the dielectric layer DL, and a second part of the second ground portion GP2 is detached from the dielectric layer DL. In one example, the second part of the second ground portion GP2 is attached to the bracket BRT.
[0087] In some embodiments, the ground structure GS includes one or more arms AM extending away from a main portion of the first ground portion GP1 or a main portion of the second ground portion GP2, respectively. In some embodiments, the one or more arms AM include a first arm extending away from a main portion of the first ground portion GP1 toward a first branch of the one or more branches BR, and a second arm extending away from a main portion of the second ground portion GP2 toward a second branch of the one or more branches BR. The one or more arms AM are configured to enhance a standing wave ratio of the antenna. Optionally, the first arm and the second arm have a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body MB, the transition line TL, the feed structure FS, and the dielectric layer DL. Alternatively, the first arm and the second arm are non-symmetrical.
[0088] In some embodiments, an orthographic projection of the first arm on the dielectric layer is at an angle in a range of 60 degrees to 90 degrees with an orthographic projection of the first branch on the dielectric layer; and an orthographic projection of the second arm on the dielectric layer is at an angle in a range of 60 degrees to 90 degrees with an orthographic projection of the second branch on the dielectric layer.
[0089] In some embodiments, the antenna has a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body MB, the transition line TL, the feed structure FS, and the dielectric layer DL. Alternatively, the antenna is non-symmetrical.
[0090] In some embodiments, the antenna is configured to operate in the frequency band of 2320-2370MHz.
[0091] FIG. 4 shows a correlation between values of voltage standing wave ratio and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 4, the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna remains below 1.50 across the frequency band of 2320-2370MHz, which indicates good impedance matching and efficient power transmission. FIG. 5 shows a radiation pattern and gain distribution of the antenna in a three-dimensional polar plot in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 5, the gain plot indicates that the antenna achieves a gain of more than 8dB, suggesting strong signal strength and adequate performance for typical terminal applications. Both parameters meet the requirements of general terminals. However, the antenna's non-circularity is relatively poor
[0092] FIG. 6 shows non-circularity of an antenna radiation pattern at a central frequency of 2345MHz. Referring to FIG. 6, at the central frequency of 2345MHz, the non-circularity at 120° is ±4.21dB, which is significantly higher than the requirement of ±3dB, leading to potential signal blind spots and an overall reduction in coverage quality. The antenna's non-circularity is relatively poor.
[0093] The inventors of the present disclosure discover that antennas with structures approaching circular or nearly circular polygons, such as quadrilateral or hexagonal shapes, facilitate current distribution to be closer to a circle, thereby reducing non-circularity. The inventors of the present disclosure discover that changing a length of the main body, lengths of the one or more branches, and lengths of the one or more arms can effectively reduce non-circularity.
[0094] In some embodiments, the length of the main body is reduced to 0.17λ~0.22λ, the length of each of the one or more branches is increased to 0.07λ~0.1λ, and the length of each of the one or more arms is increased to 0.06λ~0.08λ. Optionally, λ is the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency in the operating band. In some embodiments, a ratio of a width to a length of each of the one or more branches is in a range of 0.3 to 0.7. In some embodiments, a ratio of a width to a length of the main body is in a range of 0.6 to 0.9. In some embodiments, a ratio of a width to a length of each of the one or more arms is in a range of 0.15 to 0.8.
[0095] FIG. 7 shows a correlation between values of voltage standing wave ratio and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 7, the modified antenna has a maximum voltage standing wave ratio increases to 1.8. FIG. 8 shows non-circularity of an antenna radiation pattern at a central frequency of 2345MHz. Referring to FIG. 8, the modified antenna shows an improvement in non-circularity at the center frequency, reducing it from ±4.21dB to ±3.74dB, as illustrated in the polar plot. These results indicate that optimizing the lengths of the main body, the one or more branches, and the one or more arms can significantly reduce non-circularity, but the extent of improvement is limited. Reducing the length of the main body can degrade the voltage standing wave ratio. For products with low non-circularity requirements, if a fluctuation of ±1dB beyond the ±3dB baseline is permissible, the performance can barely meet the demands. However, the margin left for product performance is insufficient, necessitating the exploration of additional methods to further reduce non-circularity.
[0096] FIG. 9 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a radiation patch in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view along an A-A’ line in the antenna depicted in FIG. 9. FIG. 12 is a perspective view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 9 to FIG. 12, the antenna in some embodiments includes a radiation patch RP, a feed structure FS connected to the radiation patch RP, a ground structure GS, and a reflector RL spaced apart from the radiation patch RP. In some embodiments, the ground structure GS is spaced apart from the feed structure FS. Optionally, the feed structure FS and the ground structure GS are attached to the bracket.
[0097] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 9, FIG. 10, and FIG. 3A, the radiation patch RP includes a main body MB, a transition line TL connecting the feed structure FS to the main body MB. In some embodiments, the transition line TL has a first width w1 where it connects to the feed structure FS, and a second width w2 where it connects to the main body MB. Optionally, the second width w2 is greater than the first width w1. Optionally, the width of the transition line TL gradually decreases along a direction from the main body MB to the feed structure FS. The inventors of the present disclosure discover that, by having the transition line TL connecting the feed structure FS to the main body MB, a better impedance matching can be achieved in the antenna.
[0098] In some embodiments, the radiation patch RP further includes one or more branches BR. Optionally, the one or more branches BR include two branches extending away from two opposite sides of the main body MB, respectively. Optionally, the two branches have a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body MB, the transition line TL, the feed structure FS, and the dielectric layer DL. The one or more branches BR are configured to adjust operating frequency band of the antenna. Alternatively, the two branches are non-symmetrical.
[0099] In some embodiments, the ground structure GS includes a first ground portion GP1 and a second ground portion GP2 spaced apart by the feed structure FS. Optionally, a first part of the first ground portion GP1 is attached to the dielectric layer DL, and a second part of the first ground portion GP1 is detached from the dielectric layer DL. In one example, the second part of the first ground portion GP1 is attached to the bracket BRT. Optionally, a first part of the second ground portion GP2 is attached to the dielectric layer DL, and a second part of the second ground portion GP2 is detached from the dielectric layer DL. In one example, the second part of the second ground portion GP2 is attached to the bracket BRT.
[0100] In some embodiments, the ground structure GS includes one or more arms AM extending away from a main portion of the first ground portion GP1 or a main portion of the second ground portion GP2, respectively. In some embodiments, the one or more arms AM include a first arm extending away from a main portion of the first ground portion GP1 toward a first branch of the one or more branches BR, and a second arm extending away from a main portion of the second ground portion GP2 toward a second branch of the one or more branches BR. The one or more arms AM are configured to enhance a standing wave ratio of the antenna. Optionally, the first arm and the second arm have a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body MB, the transition line TL, the feed structure FS, and the dielectric layer DL. Alternatively, the first arm and the second arm are non-symmetrical with respect to each other.
[0101] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 9 to FIG. 12, and FIG. 3A, the reflector RL has a ring shape surrounding a hole region H. Optionally, an orthographic projection of the reflector RL on the dielectric layer DL partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the radiation patch RP on the dielectric layer DL. Optionally, the orthographic projection of the reflector RL on the dielectric layer DL is at least partially non-overlapping with an orthographic projection of the main body MB on the dielectric layer DL. Optionally, the orthographic projection of the reflector RL on the dielectric layer DL at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the one or more branches BR on the dielectric layer DL. Optionally, the orthographic projection of the reflector RL on the dielectric layer DL is substantially (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) non-overlapping with an orthographic projection of the feed structure FS on the dielectric layer DL. Optionally, the orthographic projection of the reflector RL on the dielectric layer DL at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the one or more arms AM on the dielectric layer DL. Optionally, the orthographic projection of the reflector RL on the dielectric layer DL is substantially (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) non-overlapping with an orthographic projection of the first ground portion GP1 and the second ground portion GP2 on the dielectric layer DL.
[0102] In some embodiments, the reflector RL has a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body MB, the transition line TL, the feed structure FS, and the dielectric layer DL. Alternatively, the reflector RL is a non-symmetrical reflector.
[0103] In some embodiments, the reflector RL includes a first sublayer RL1 and a second sublayer RL2 on a side of the first sublayer RL1 away from the radiation patch RP. In some embodiments, the first sublayer RL1 includes a dielectric insulating material; and the second sublayer RL2 includes a conductive material such as a metallic material. The second sublayer RL2 functions as a carrier for the first sublayer RL1 and helps improve the voltage standing wave ratio. Materials with a relatively high dielectric constant, such as those with a dielectric constant greater than 3.0, can be used for making the first sublayer RL1. The second sublayer RL2 includes materials having good electrical conductivity, such as copper. Optionally, the reflector RL further includes additional sublayers. The inventors of the present disclosure discover that, by having the reflector RL, local current distribution in the radiation patch RP and non-circularity of the antenna can improved.
[0104] In some embodiments, the first sublayer RL1 has a thickness in a range of 0.3 to 2.0 mm, e.g., 0.3 to 0.4 mm, 0.4 to 0.5 mm, 0.5 to 0.6 mm, 0.6 to 0.7 mm, 0.7 to 0.8 mm, 0.8 to 0.9 mm, 0.9 to 1.0 mm, 1.0 to 1.1 mm, 1.1 to 1.2 mm, 1.2 to 1.3 mm, 1.3 to 1.4 mm, 1.4 to 1.5 mm, 1.5 to 1.6 mm, 1.6 to 1.7 mm, 1.7 to 1.8 mm, 1.8 to 1.9 mm, or 1.9 to 2.0 mm.
[0105] In some embodiments, the second sublayer RL2 has a thickness in a range of 0.01 to 0.1 mm, e.g., 0.01 to 0.02 mm, 0.02 to 0.03 mm, 0.03 to 0.04 mm, 0.04 to 0.05 mm, 0.05 to 0.06 mm, 0.06 to 0.07 mm, 0.07 to 0.08 mm, 0.08 to 0.09 mm, or 0.09 to 0.1 mm.
[0106] In some embodiments, an outer ring of the reflector RL has a diameter in a range of 0.17λ to 0.20λ, e.g., 0.17λ to 0.18λ, 0.18λ to 0.19λ, or 0.19λ to 0.20λ. In some embodiments, an inner ring of the reflector RL has a diameter in a range of 0.08λ to 0.12λ, e.g., 0.08λ to 0.09λ, 0.09λ to 0.10λ, 0.10λ to 0.11λ, or 0.11λ to 0.12λ. Optionally, λ is the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency in the operating band.
[0107] In some embodiments, the reflector RL is spaced apart from the feed structure FS by a distance in a range of 0.1 to 3 mm, e.g., 0.1 to 0.5 mm, 0.5 to 1.0 mm, 1.0 to 1.5 mm, 1.5 to 2.0 mm, 2.0 to 2.5 mm, or 2.5 to 3.0 mm.
[0108] In some embodiments, the antenna has a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body MB, the transition line TL, the feed structure FS, and the dielectric layer DL. Alternatively, the antenna is a non-symmetrical antenna.
[0109] FIG. 13 shows a correlation between values of voltage standing wave ratio and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 13, the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna depicted in FIG. 9 to FIG. 12 is below 1.5, indicating good impedance matching and efficient power transmission.
[0110] FIG. 14 shows a radiation pattern and gain distribution of the antenna in a three-dimensional polar plot in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 14, the antenna's gain shows a minor decrease of less than 5%, which is within acceptable limits and indicates that the reflector's impact on gain is minimal.
[0111] FIG. 15 shows non-circularity of an antenna radiation pattern at a central frequency of 2345MHz. Referring to FIG. 15, the non-circularity is reduced from ±3.74dB to ±2.92dB, a reduction of more than 20%, effectively meeting the requirement for non-circularity to be less than ±3dB.
[0112] FIG. 16 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a radiation patch in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a reflector in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view along a B-B’ line in the antenna depicted in FIG. 16. Referring to FIG. 16 to FIG. 19, the antenna in some embodiments includes a radiation patch RP, a feed structure FS connected to the radiation patch RP, a ground structure GS, and a reflector RL spaced apart from the radiation patch RP. In some embodiments, the ground structure GS is spaced apart from the feed structure FS. Optionally, the feed structure FS and the ground structure GS are attached to the bracket.
[0113] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 16, FIG. 17, and FIG. 3A, the radiation patch RP includes a main body MB, a transition line TL connecting the feed structure FS to the main body MB. In some embodiments, the transition line TL has a first width w1 where it connects to the feed structure FS, and a second width w2 where it connects to the main body MB. Optionally, the second width w2 is greater than the first width w1. Optionally, the width of the transition line TL gradually decreases along a direction from the main body MB to the feed structure FS. The inventors of the present disclosure discover that, by having the transition line TL connecting the feed structure FS to the main body MB, a better impedance matching can be achieved in the antenna.
[0114] In some embodiments, the radiation patch RP further includes one or more branches BR. Optionally, the one or more branches BR include two branches extending away from two opposite sides of the main body MB, respectively. Optionally, the two branches have a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body MB, the transition line TL, the feed structure FS, and the dielectric layer DL. The one or more branches BR are configured to adjust operating frequency band of the antenna. Alternatively, the two branches are non-symmetrical with respect to each other.
[0115] In some embodiments, the ground structure GS includes a first ground portion GP1 and a second ground portion GP2 spaced apart by the feed structure FS. Optionally, a first part of the first ground portion GP1 is attached to the dielectric layer DL, and a second part of the first ground portion GP1 is detached from the dielectric layer DL. In one example, the second part of the first ground portion GP1 is attached to the bracket BRT. Optionally, a first part of the second ground portion GP2 is attached to the dielectric layer DL, and a second part of the second ground portion GP2 is detached from the dielectric layer DL. In one example, the second part of the second ground portion GP2 is attached to the bracket BRT.
[0116] In some embodiments, the ground structure GS includes one or more arms AM extending away from a main portion of the first ground portion GP1 or a main portion of the second ground portion GP2, respectively. In some embodiments, the one or more arms AM include a first arm extending away from a main portion of the first ground portion GP1 toward a first branch of the one or more branches BR, and a second arm extending away from a main portion of the second ground portion GP2 toward a second branch of the one or more branches BR. The one or more arms AM are configured to enhance a standing wave ratio of the antenna. Optionally, the first arm and the second arm have a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body MB, the transition line TL, the feed structure FS, and the dielectric layer DL. Alternatively, the first arm and the second arm are non-symmetrical with respect to each other.
[0117] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 16 to FIG. 19, and FIG. 3A, the reflector RL has a ring shape surrounding a hole region H. Optionally, an orthographic projection of the reflector RL on the dielectric layer DL partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the radiation patch RP on the dielectric layer DL. Optionally, the orthographic projection of the reflector RL on the dielectric layer DL is at least partially non-overlapping with an orthographic projection of the main body MB on the dielectric layer DL. Optionally, the orthographic projection of the reflector RL on the dielectric layer DL at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the one or more branches BR on the dielectric layer DL. Optionally, the orthographic projection of the reflector RL on the dielectric layer DL is substantially (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) non-overlapping with an orthographic projection of the feed structure FS on the dielectric layer DL. Optionally, the orthographic projection of the reflector RL on the dielectric layer DL at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the one or more arms AM on the dielectric layer DL. Optionally, the orthographic projection of the reflector RL on the dielectric layer DL substantially (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) covers an orthographic projection of the one or more arms AM on the dielectric layer DL. Optionally, the orthographic projection of the reflector RL on the dielectric layer DL partially overlaps with, and is partially non-overlapping with, an orthographic projection of the first ground portion GP1 and the second ground portion GP2 on the dielectric layer DL.
[0118] In some embodiments, the reflector RL has a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body MB, the transition line TL, the feed structure FS, and the dielectric layer DL. Alternatively, the reflector RL is a non-symmetrical reflector.
[0119] In some embodiments, the reflector RL includes a first sublayer RL1 and a second sublayer RL2 on a side of the first sublayer RL1 away from the radiation patch RP. In some embodiments, the first sublayer RL1 includes a dielectric insulating material; and the second sublayer RL2 includes a conductive material such as a metallic material. The second sublayer RL2 functions as a carrier for the first sublayer RL1 and helps improve the voltage standing wave ratio. Materials with a relatively high dielectric constant, such as those with a dielectric constant greater than 3.0, can be used for making the first sublayer RL1. The second sublayer RL2 includes materials having good electrical conductivity, such as copper. Optionally, the reflector RL further includes additional sublayers. The inventors of the present disclosure discover that, by having the reflector RL, local current distribution in the radiation patch RP and non-circularity of the antenna can improved.
[0120] In some embodiments, the first sublayer RL1 has a thickness in a range of 0.3 to 2.0 mm, e.g., 0.3 to 0.4 mm, 0.4 to 0.5 mm, 0.5 to 0.6 mm, 0.6 to 0.7 mm, 0.7 to 0.8 mm, 0.8 to 0.9 mm, 0.9 to 1.0 mm, 1.0 to 1.1 mm, 1.1 to 1.2 mm, 1.2 to 1.3 mm, 1.3 to 1.4 mm, 1.4 to 1.5 mm, 1.5 to 1.6 mm, 1.6 to 1.7 mm, 1.7 to 1.8 mm, 1.8 to 1.9 mm, or 1.9 to 2.0 mm.
[0121] In some embodiments, the second sublayer RL2 has a thickness in a range of 0.01 to 0.1 mm, e.g., 0.01 to 0.02 mm, 0.02 to 0.03 mm, 0.03 to 0.04 mm, 0.04 to 0.05 mm, 0.05 to 0.06 mm, 0.06 to 0.07 mm, 0.07 to 0.08 mm, 0.08 to 0.09 mm, or 0.09 to 0.1 mm.
[0122] In some embodiments, an outer ring of the reflector RL has a diameter in a range of 0.17λ to 0.20λ, e.g., 0.17λ to 0.18λ, 0.18λ to 0.19λ, or 0.19λ to 0.20λ. In some embodiments, an inner ring of the reflector RL has a diameter in a range of 0.08λ to 0.12λ, e.g., 0.08λ to 0.09λ, 0.09λ to 0.10λ, 0.10λ to 0.11λ, or 0.11λ to 0.12λ. Optionally, λ is the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency in the operating band.
[0123] In some embodiments, the reflector RL is spaced apart from the feed structure FS by a distance in a range of 0.1 to 3 mm, e.g., 0.1 to 0.5 mm, 0.5 to 1.0 mm, 1.0 to 1.5 mm, 1.5 to 2.0 mm, 2.0 to 2.5 mm, or 2.5 to 3.0 mm.
[0124] In some embodiments, the antenna has a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body MB, the transition line TL, the feed structure FS, and the dielectric layer DL. Alternatively, the antenna is a non-symmetrical reflector.
[0125] In some embodiments, the antenna includes a notch NT truncating a portion of the ring structure of the reflector RL. Optionally, the notch NT is configured to receive at least a portion of the feed structure FS. Optionally, an orthographic projection of the notch NT on a base substrate partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the feed structure FS on the base substrate. Optionally, an orthographic projection of the reflector RL on a base substrate partially surrounds an orthographic projection of the feed structure FS on the base substrate.
[0126] In some embodiments, the notch NT has a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body MB, the transition line TL, the feed structure FS, and the dielectric layer DL. Alternatively, the notch NT is a non-symmetrical.
[0127] In one example, the notch NT has a rectangular shape.
[0128] In some embodiments, the second sublayer RL2 includes a fold structure FDS. Optionally, the fold structure FDS at least partially covers an edge of a portion of an outer ring of the first sublayer RL1. The fold structure FDS abuts the notch NT, and is adjacent to the feed structure FS. Optionally, a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body MB, the transition line TL, the feed structure FS, and the dielectric layer DL also intersects the fold structure FDS. Optionally, the fold structure FDS has a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to the plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body MB, the transition line TL, the feed structure FS, and the dielectric layer DL. Alternatively, the fold structure FDS is non-symmetrical.
[0129] In some embodiments, the notch NT has a width along a first direction DR1, and a length along a second direction DR2, wherein the first direction DR1 is substantially parallel to a direction from the first ground portion GP1 to the second ground portion GP2, and the second direction DR2 is substantially parallel to a direction from the feed structure FS to the radiation patch RP. In some embodiments, the length in a range of 0.13λ~0.16λ, e.g., 0.13λ~0.14λ, 0.14λ~0.15λ, or 0.15λ~0.16λ. In some embodiments, the width is in a range of 0.05λ~0.08λ, e.g., 0.05λ~0.06λ, 0.06λ~0.07λ, or 0.07λ~0.08λ. Optionally, λ is the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency in the operating band.
[0130] In some embodiments, the fold structure FDS has a width along the first direction in a range of 0.5 to 5.0 mm, e.g., 0.5 to 1.0 mm, 1.0 to 1.5 mm, 1.5 to 2.0 mm, 2.0 to 2.5 mm, 2.5 to 3.0 mm, 3.0 to 3.5 mm, 3.5 to 4.0 mm, 4.0 to 4.5 mm, or 4.5 to 5.0 mm. The inventors of the present disclosure discover that the fold structure FDS can enhance impedance matching, leading to a better voltage standing wave ratio. The inventors of the present disclosure discover that, by having the width of the fold structure FDS in the above range, the coupling effect between the reflector and the antenna can be significantly enhanced, reducing the antenna's non-circularity. The improvement in coupling efficiency ensures that the antenna's radiation pattern remains more uniform, thus enhancing overall performance.
[0131] FIG. 20 shows a correlation between values of voltage standing wave ratio and frequencies in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 20, the voltage standing wave ratio is below 1.65, indicating good impedance matching and efficient power transmission.
[0132] FIG. 21 shows a radiation pattern and gain distribution of the antenna in a three-dimensional polar plot in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 21, the antenna's gain remains stable, with no further decrease observed after the introduction of the notch in the reflector.
[0133] FIG. 22 shows non-circularity of an antenna radiation pattern at a central frequency of 2345MHz. Referring to FIG. 22, the non-circularity is reduced from ±2.92dB to ±2.58dB, achieving a more uniform radiation pattern, reducing signal blind spots and improving coverage.
[0134] The inventors of the present disclosure discover that the introduction of the notch NT significantly enhances the antenna's performance. The reduction in non-circularity to ±2.58dB meets stringent performance requirements, ensuring a uniform radiation pattern and robust signal coverage. The gain stability and maintained voltage standing wave ratio within 1.65 demonstrate that the overall antenna performance is optimized. The antenna is well-suited for high-demand communication systems, such as those required in the 5G era. The innovative approach of introducing the notch into the circular ring reflector ensures reliable and efficient antenna performance, making it ideal for various advanced applications.
[0135] FIG. 23A shows one or more spacers supporting the reflector on a dielectric layer in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 23A, the antenna in some embodiments further includes a plurality of spacers PS configured to attach the reflector RL on the dielectric layer DL. In one example, the plurality of spacers PS may be installed through a plug-and-play method, facilitating easy installation. In another example, a number of the plurality of spacers PS is four.
[0136] In alternative embodiments, the antenna further includes a plurality of spacers PS configured to attach the reflector RL on the cover.
[0137] FIG. 23B shows a bracket on a dielectric layer in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 23A, FIG. 23B, and FIG. 2, in some embodiments, the bracket BRT includes a first surface S1 in contact with the dielectric layer DL, a second surface S2 opposite to the first surface S1, a third surface S3 connecting the first surface S1 and the second surface S2, a fourth surface S4 connecting the first surface S1 and the second surface S2, and a fifth surface S5 connecting the first surface S1 and the second surface S2. Optionally, the third surface S3 and the fourth surface S4 are opposite to each other. Optionally, the fifth surface S5 connects the third surface S3 and the fourth surface S4.
[0138] In some embodiments, the feed structure FS is partially in contact with the second surface S2, and partially in contact with the fifth surface S5. In some embodiments, the first ground portion GP1 of the ground structure GS is partially in contact with the third surface S3 and partially in contact with the second surface S2. In some embodiments, the second ground portion GP2 of the ground structure GS is partially in contact with the fourth surface S4 and partially in contact with the second surface S2.
[0139] In some embodiments, the bracket BRT is hollow inside.
[0140] In some embodiments, at least one of the feed structure FS, the first ground portion GP1, and the second ground portion GP2 of the ground structure GS is on at least two surfaces of the bracket BRT. Optionally, each of the feed structure FS, the first ground portion GP1 and the second ground portion GP2 of the ground structure GS is on at least two surfaces of the bracket BRT. The inventors of the present disclosure discover that the structure of the antenna according to the present disclosure is conducive to saving space and increasing the current path.
[0141] FIG. 24 illustrates a position of an antenna relative to the dielectric layer in an antenna assembly in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 25 illustrates a position of an antenna relative to the dielectric layer in an antenna assembly in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 26 illustrates a position of an antenna relative to the dielectric layer in an antenna assembly in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 27 illustrates a position of an antenna relative to the dielectric layer in an antenna assembly in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0142] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 24, the dielectric layer DL has a rectangular or square shape. The antenna is at a corner of the rectangular or square shape.
[0143] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 25, the dielectric layer DL has a rectangular or square shape. The antenna is at an upper center position of the rectangular or square shape.
[0144] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 26, the dielectric layer DL has a hexagonal shape. The antenna is at a corner of the hexagonal shape.
[0145] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 27, the dielectric layer DL has a circular shape. The antenna is at an upper center position of the circular shape.
[0146] FIG. 28 shows a correlation between values of voltage standing wave ratio and frequencies in the antenna depicted in FIG. 25. FIG. 29 shows a radiation pattern and gain distribution of the antenna in a three-dimensional polar plot in the antenna depicted in FIG. 25. FIG. 30 shows non-circularity of an antenna radiation pattern at a central frequency of 2345MHz in the antenna depicted in FIG. 25. Referring to FIG. 28, by placing the antenna at an upper center position of the dielectric layer, the voltage standing wave ratio remains below 1.66, ensuring good impedance matching. Referring to FIG. 29, by placing the antenna at an upper center position of the dielectric layer, the gain is increased to 8.1dB. Referring to FIG. 30, by placing the antenna at an upper center position of the dielectric layer, the non-circularity is reduced from ±2.58dB to ±1.72dB. The inventors of the present disclosure discover that, placing the antenna at an upper center position of the dielectric layer, significantly enhances its performance by reducing non-circularity and increasing gain. This placement leads to a more uniform radiation pattern, better signal coverage, and improved overall antenna performance, making it ideal for advanced communication systems.
[0147] FIG. 41 shows an arrangement of antennas in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 42 shows an arrangement of antennas in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 43 shows an arrangement of antennas in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 41 to FIG. 43, in some embodiments, a plurality of antennas may be disposed on the dielectric layer DL. An individual antenna is denoted as AN in FIG. 41 to FIG. 43. By having the plurality of antennas, multi-band functionality can be enabled. In indoor distributed antenna systems, the plurality of antennas can be placed to achieve multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) capabilities. The number of antennas is not limited to four or eight; it could also be two, six, or other configurations.
[0148] The plurality of antennas can operate in the same frequency band, such as the 2320-2370 MHz band mentioned earlier in the present disclosure, or in different frequency bands. When arranging the antennas, those operating in the same frequency band should be distributed as evenly as possible on the antenna cover substrate, such as placing them diagonally or along the edges.
[0149] In one example, referring to FIG. 41, each of the antennas is spaced apart from a closest edge of the dielectric layer DL by a distance in a range of 6.8%to 11.6%of the wavelength (λ) of the lowest frequency in the frequency band. In another example, referring to FIG. 42, each of the antennas is spaced apart from a closest corner of the dielectric layer DL by a distance in a range of 7.6%to 12.5%of the wavelength (λ) of the lowest frequency in the frequency band.
[0150] The present disclosure optimizes the performance of the antenna system by ensuring balanced coverage and reducing interference among antennas operating in the same or different frequency bands.
[0151] Various alternative implementations may be practiced in the present disclosure. FIG. 31 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 31, the antenna in some embodiments includes a radiation patch RP, a feed structure FS connected to the radiation patch RP, and a ground structure GS. In some embodiments, the ground structure GS is spaced apart from the feed structure FS.
[0152] In some embodiments, the radiation patch RP includes a main body MB, a transition line TL connecting the feed structure FS to the main body MB. In some embodiments, the transition line TL has a first width where it connects to the feed structure FS, and a second width where it connects to the main body MB. Optionally, the second width is greater than the first width. Optionally, the width of the transition line TL gradually decreases along a direction from the main body MB to the feed structure FS. The inventors of the present disclosure discover that, by having the transition line TL connecting the feed structure FS to the main body MB, a better impedance matching can be achieved in the antenna.
[0153] In some embodiments, the radiation patch RP further includes one or more branches BR. Optionally, the one or more branches BR include two branches extending away from two opposite sides of the main body MB, respectively. Optionally, the two branches have a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body MB, the transition line TL, the feed structure FS, and the dielectric layer DL. The one or more branches BR are configured to adjust operating frequency band of the antenna. Alternatively, the two branches are non-symmetrical with respect to each other.
[0154] In some embodiments, the ground structure GS includes a first ground portion GP1 and a second ground portion GP2 spaced apart by the feed structure FS. Optionally, a first part of the first ground portion GP1 is attached to the dielectric layer DL, and a second part of the first ground portion GP1 is detached from the dielectric layer DL. In one example, the second part of the first ground portion GP1 is attached to the bracket BRT. Optionally, a first part of the second ground portion GP2 is attached to the dielectric layer DL, and a second part of the second ground portion GP2 is detached from the dielectric layer DL. In one example, the second part of the second ground portion GP2 is attached to the bracket BRT.
[0155] In some embodiments, the ground structure GS includes one or more arms AM extending away from a main portion of the first ground portion GP1 or a main portion of the second ground portion GP2, respectively. In some embodiments, the one or more arms AM include a first arm extending away from a main portion of the first ground portion GP1 toward a first branch of the one or more branches BR, and a second arm extending away from a main portion of the second ground portion GP2 toward a second branch of the one or more branches BR. The one or more arms AM are configured to enhance a standing wave ratio of the antenna. Optionally, the first arm and the second arm have a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body MB, the transition line TL, the feed structure FS, and the dielectric layer DL. Alternatively, the first arm and the second arm are non-symmetrical with respect to each other.
[0156] In some embodiments, the antenna has a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body MB, the transition line TL, the feed structure FS, and the dielectric layer DL. Alternatively, the antenna is a non-symmetrical antenna.
[0157] In some embodiments, the antenna further includes one or more first slots ST1 and one or more second slots ST2. In some embodiments, the one or more first slots ST1 extend through the main body MB. In some embodiments, the one or more second slots ST2 extend through a portion of the transition line TL, and extend through a portion of the main body MB. Optionally, each of the one or more first slots ST1 is surrounded by a portion of the main body MB. Optionally, each of the one or more second slots ST2 is partially surrounded by a portion of the main body MB, and partially surrounded by a portion of the transition line TL.
[0158] FIG. 32 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 32, the antenna in some embodiments includes a radiation patch RP, a feed structure FS connected to the radiation patch RP, and a ground structure GS. In some embodiments, the ground structure GS is spaced apart from the feed structure FS.
[0159] In some embodiments, the radiation patch RP includes a main body MB, a transition line TL connecting the feed structure FS to the main body MB. In some embodiments, the transition line TL has a first width where it connects to the feed structure FS, and a second width where it connects to the main body MB. Optionally, the second width is greater than the first width. Optionally, the width of the transition line TL gradually decreases along a direction from the main body MB to the feed structure FS. The inventors of the present disclosure discover that, by having the transition line TL connecting the feed structure FS to the main body MB, a better impedance matching can be achieved in the antenna.
[0160] In some embodiments, the radiation patch RP further includes one or more branches BR. Optionally, the one or more branches BR include two branches extending away from two opposite sides of the main body MB, respectively. Optionally, the two branches have a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body MB, the transition line TL, the feed structure FS, and the dielectric layer DL. The one or more branches BR are configured to adjust operating frequency band of the antenna. Alternatively, the two branches are non-symmetrical with respect to each other.
[0161] In some embodiments, the ground structure GS includes a first ground portion GP1 and a second ground portion GP2 spaced apart by the feed structure FS. Optionally, a first part of the first ground portion GP1 is attached to the dielectric layer DL, and a second part of the first ground portion GP1 is detached from the dielectric layer DL. In one example, the second part of the first ground portion GP1 is attached to the bracket BRT. Optionally, a first part of the second ground portion GP2 is attached to the dielectric layer DL, and a second part of the second ground portion GP2 is detached from the dielectric layer DL. In one example, the second part of the second ground portion GP2 is attached to the bracket BRT.
[0162] In some embodiments, the ground structure GS includes one or more arms AM extending away from a main portion of the first ground portion GP1 or a main portion of the second ground portion GP2, respectively. In some embodiments, the one or more arms AM include a first arm extending away from a main portion of the first ground portion GP1 toward a first branch of the one or more branches BR, and a second arm extending away from a main portion of the second ground portion GP2 toward a second branch of the one or more branches BR. The one or more arms AM are configured to enhance a standing wave ratio of the antenna. Optionally, the first arm and the second arm have a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body MB, the transition line TL, the feed structure FS, and the dielectric layer DL. Alternatively, the first arm and the second arm are non-symmetrical with respect to each other.
[0163] In some embodiments, the antenna has a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body MB, the transition line TL, the feed structure FS, and the dielectric layer DL. Alternatively, the antenna is non-symmetrical.
[0164] In some embodiments, the antenna the antenna in some embodiments further includes one or more first slots ST1 and one or more second slots ST2. In some embodiments, the one or more first slots ST1 extend through the main body MB. In some embodiments, the one or more second slots ST2 extend through a portion of the transition line TL, and extend through a portion of the main body MB. Optionally, each of the one or more first slots ST1 is partially surrounded by a portion of the main body MB, and partially open. Optionally, each of the one or more second slots ST2 is partially surrounded by a portion of the main body MB, and partially surrounded by a portion of the transition line TL.
[0165] FIG. 33 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 33, the antenna in some embodiments includes a radiation patch RP, a feed structure FS connected to the radiation patch RP, and a ground structure GS. In some embodiments, the ground structure GS is spaced apart from the feed structure FS.
[0166] In some embodiments, the radiation patch RP includes a main body MB, a transition line TL connecting the feed structure FS to the main body MB. In some embodiments, the transition line TL has a first width where it connects to the feed structure FS, and a second width where it connects to the main body MB. Optionally, the second width is greater than the first width. Optionally, the width of the transition line TL gradually decreases along a direction from the main body MB to the feed structure FS. The inventors of the present disclosure discover that, by having the transition line TL connecting the feed structure FS to the main body MB, a better impedance matching can be achieved in the antenna.
[0167] In some embodiments, the radiation patch RP further includes one or more branches BR. Optionally, the one or more branches BR include two branches extending away from two opposite sides of the main body MB, respectively. Optionally, the two branches have a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body MB, the transition line TL, the feed structure FS, and the dielectric layer DL. The one or more branches BR are configured to adjust operating frequency band of the antenna. Alternatively, the two branches are non-symmetrical with respect to each other.
[0168] In some embodiments, the ground structure GS includes a first ground portion GP1 and a second ground portion GP2 spaced apart by the feed structure FS. Optionally, a first part of the first ground portion GP1 is attached to the dielectric layer DL, and a second part of the first ground portion GP1 is detached from the dielectric layer DL. In one example, the second part of the first ground portion GP1 is attached to the bracket BRT. Optionally, a first part of the second ground portion GP2 is attached to the dielectric layer DL, and a second part of the second ground portion GP2 is detached from the dielectric layer DL. In one example, the second part of the second ground portion GP2 is attached to the bracket BRT.
[0169] In some embodiments, the ground structure GS includes one or more arms AM extending away from a main portion of the first ground portion GP1 or a main portion of the second ground portion GP2, respectively. In some embodiments, the one or more arms AM include a first arm extending away from a main portion of the first ground portion GP1 toward a first branch of the one or more branches BR, and a second arm extending away from a main portion of the second ground portion GP2 toward a second branch of the one or more branches BR. The one or more arms AM are configured to enhance a standing wave ratio of the antenna. Optionally, the first arm and the second arm have a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body MB, the transition line TL, the feed structure FS, and the dielectric layer DL. Alternatively, the first arm and the second arm are non-symmetrical with respect to each other.
[0170] In some embodiments, the antenna has a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body MB, the transition line TL, the feed structure FS, and the dielectric layer DL. Alternatively, the antenna is non-symmetrical.
[0171] In some embodiments, the antenna the antenna in some embodiments further includes one or more first slots ST1. Optionally, a number of the one or more first slots is one. In some embodiments, the one or more first slots ST1 extend through the main body MB. Optionally, each of the one or more first slots ST1 is partially surrounded by a portion of the main body MB, and partially open.
[0172] FIG. 34 is a top view of an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 34, the antenna in some embodiments includes a radiation patch RP, a feed structure FS connected to the radiation patch RP, and a ground structure GS. In some embodiments, the ground structure GS is spaced apart from the feed structure FS.
[0173] In some embodiments, the radiation patch RP includes a main body MB, a transition line TL connecting the feed structure FS to the main body MB. In some embodiments, the transition line TL has a first width where it connects to the feed structure FS, and a second width where it connects to the main body MB. Optionally, the second width is greater than the first width. Optionally, the width of the transition line TL gradually decreases along a direction from the main body MB to the feed structure FS. The inventors of the present disclosure discover that, by having the transition line TL connecting the feed structure FS to the main body MB, a better impedance matching can be achieved in the antenna.
[0174] In some embodiments, the radiation patch RP further includes one or more branches BR. Optionally, the one or more branches BR include two branches extending away from two opposite sides of the main body MB, respectively. Optionally, the two branches have a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body MB, the transition line TL, the feed structure FS, and the dielectric layer DL. The one or more branches BR are configured to adjust operating frequency band of the antenna. Alternatively, the two branches are non-symmetrical with respect to each other.
[0175] In some embodiments, the ground structure GS includes a first ground portion GP1 and a second ground portion GP2 spaced apart by the feed structure FS. Optionally, a first part of the first ground portion GP1 is attached to the dielectric layer DL, and a second part of the first ground portion GP1 is detached from the dielectric layer DL. In one example, the second part of the first ground portion GP1 is attached to the bracket BRT. Optionally, a first part of the second ground portion GP2 is attached to the dielectric layer DL, and a second part of the second ground portion GP2 is detached from the dielectric layer DL. In one example, the second part of the second ground portion GP2 is attached to the bracket BRT.
[0176] In some embodiments, the ground structure GS includes one or more arms AM extending away from a main portion of the first ground portion GP1 or a main portion of the second ground portion GP2, respectively. In some embodiments, the one or more arms AM include a first arm extending away from a main portion of the first ground portion GP1 toward a first branch of the one or more branches BR, and a second arm extending away from a main portion of the second ground portion GP2 toward a second branch of the one or more branches BR. The one or more arms AM are configured to enhance a standing wave ratio of the antenna. Optionally, the first arm and the second arm have a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body MB, the transition line TL, the feed structure FS, and the dielectric layer DL. Alternatively, the first arm and the second arm are non-symmetrical with respect to each other.
[0177] In some embodiments, the antenna has a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body MB, the transition line TL, the feed structure FS, and the dielectric layer DL. Alternatively, the antenna is non-symmetrical.
[0178] In some embodiments, the antenna the main body MB in some embodiments has a first portion having a rectangular shape, a second portion having a truncated circular shape, and a third portion having a truncated circular shape. The second portion and the third portion are on two opposite sides of the first portion.
[0179] FIG. 35 is a top view of a reflector in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 35, the reflector in some embodiments has an outer ring having a pentagonal shape, and an inner ring having a pentagonal shape.
[0180] In some embodiments, the reflector has a ring shape surrounding a hole region. In some embodiments, the reflector has a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body, the transition line, the feed structure, and the dielectric layer. Alternatively, the reflector is non-symmetrical.
[0181] FIG. 36 is a top view of a reflector in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 36, the reflector in some embodiments has an outer ring having a hexagonal shape, and an inner ring having a hexagonal shape.
[0182] In some embodiments, the reflector has a ring shape surrounding a hole region. In some embodiments, the reflector has a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body, the transition line, the feed structure, and the dielectric layer. Alternatively, the reflector is non-symmetrical.
[0183] FIG. 37 is a top view of a reflector in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 37, the reflector in some embodiments has an outer ring having an octagonal shape, and an inner ring having an octagonal shape.
[0184] In some embodiments, the reflector has a ring shape surrounding a hole region. In some embodiments, the reflector has a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body, the transition line, the feed structure, and the dielectric layer. Alternatively, the reflector is non-symmetrical.
[0185] FIG. 38 is a top view of a reflector in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 38, the reflector in some embodiments has an outer ring having a hexagonal shape, and an inner ring having a circular shape.
[0186] In some embodiments, the reflector has a ring shape surrounding a hole region. In some embodiments, the reflector has a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body, the transition line, the feed structure, and the dielectric layer. Alternatively, the reflector is non-symmetrical.
[0187] FIG. 39 is a top view of a reflector in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 39, the reflector in some embodiments has an outer ring having a circular shape, and an inner ring having a hexagonal shape.
[0188] In some embodiments, the reflector has a ring shape surrounding a hole region. In some embodiments, the reflector has a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body, the transition line, the feed structure, and the dielectric layer. Alternatively, the reflector is non-symmetrical.
[0189] FIG. 40 is a top view of a reflector in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 40, the reflector in some embodiments has an outer ring having a circular shape, and an inner ring having a circular shape. Optionally, the antenna further includes a plurality of holes extending through the ring structure of the reflector. Optionally, the plurality of holes are evenly distributed along the ring structure. By having the plurality of holes, the reflector can be made light weighted.
[0190] In some embodiments, the reflector has a ring shape surrounding a hole region. In some embodiments, the reflector has a substantial (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) mirror symmetry with respect to a plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body, the transition line, the feed structure, and the dielectric layer. Alternatively, the reflector is non-symmetrical.
[0191] FIG. 44 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a reflector in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 44, in some embodiments, the reflector RL includes a ring shape surrounding an insulating layer IN. In some embodiments, the insulating layer IN are made from a unitary dielectric plate. The inventors of the present disclosure discover that by making the insulating layer IN from the unitary dielectric plate, the fabricating process is simplified.
[0192] FIG. 45 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a reflector in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 45, in some embodiments, the antenna further includes a second notch NT2 truncating a portion of the ring structure of the reflector RL. The notch NT and the second notch NT2 are disposed non-symmetrically.
[0193] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a wireless transceiver apparatus. In some embodiments, the wireless transceiver apparatus includes the antenna described herein, and a cover on a side of the antenna away from the dielectric layer. Optionally, the cover is spaced apart from the antenna and the dielectric layer by a gap. Optionally, the antenna is in contact with the dielectric layer. Optionally, the wireless transceiver apparatus comprises an installation surface divided into at least one installation area, with at least one antenna positioned at an edge of the at least one installation area.
[0194] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a base station, comprising the wireless transceiver apparatus described herein, and one or more processors.
[0195] The foregoing description of the embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form or to exemplary embodiments disclosed. Accordingly, the foregoing description should be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. Obviously, many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in this art. The embodiments are chosen and described in order to explain the principles of the invention and its best mode practical application, thereby to enable persons skilled in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use or implementation contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims appended hereto and their equivalents in which all terms are meant in their broadest reasonable sense unless otherwise indicated. Therefore, the term “the invention” , “the present invention” or the like does not necessarily limit the claim scope to a specific embodiment, and the reference to exemplary embodiments of the invention does not imply a limitation on the invention, and no such limitation is to be inferred. The invention is limited only by the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Moreover, these claims may refer to use “first” , “second” , etc. following with noun or element. Such terms should be understood as a nomenclature and should not be construed as giving the limitation on the number of the elements modified by such nomenclature unless specific number has been given. Any advantages and benefits described may not apply to all embodiments of the invention. It should be appreciated that variations may be made in the embodiments described by persons skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims. Moreover, no element and component in the present disclosure is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether the element or component is explicitly recited in the following claims.
Claims
An antenna, comprising:a dielectric layer;a radiation patch on the dielectric layer;a feed structure connected to the radiation patch;a ground structure spaced apart from the feed structure; anda bracket on the dielectric layer;wherein the radiation patch comprises:a main body; andone or more branches extending away from the main body;wherein the ground structure comprises a first ground portion and a second ground portion spaced apart by the feed structure;wherein the bracket is in contact with the dielectric layer; andthe feed structure, the first ground portion, and the second ground portion are at least partially in contact with the bracket.The antenna of claim 1, wherein at least one of the feed structure, the first ground portion, and the second ground portion is on at least two surfaces of the bracket; andthe bracket is hollow inside.The antenna of claim 1, wherein the one or more branches comprise at least two branches extending away from two opposite sides of the main body, respectively.The antenna of claim 1, wherein the radiation patch further comprises a transition line connecting the feed structure to the main body.The antenna of claim 4, wherein the transition line has a first width where it connects to the feed structure, and a second width where it connects to the main body;the second width is greater than the first width; andthe second width is equal to a width of a side of the main body.The antenna of claim 1, wherein the ground structure comprises one or more arms extending away from a main portion of the first ground portion or a main portion of the second ground portion, respectively; andthe ground structure is bent with a step structure.The antenna of claim 6, wherein the one or more arms comprises a first arm extending away from a main portion of the first ground portion toward a first branch of one or more branches, and a second arm extending away from a main portion of the second ground portion toward a second branch of the one or more branches.The antenna of claim 7, wherein an orthographic projection of the first arm on the dielectric layer is at an angle in a range of 60 degrees to 90 degrees with an orthographic projection of the first branch on the dielectric layer; andan orthographic projection of the second arm on the dielectric layer is at an angle in a range of 60 degrees to 90 degrees with an orthographic projection of the second branch on the dielectric layer.The antenna of claim 1, wherein a length of the main body is in a range of 0.17λ~0.22λ;a length of each of the one or more branches is in a range of 0.07λ~0.1λ;a length of each of the one or more arms is in a range of 0.06λ~0.08λ;a ratio of a width to the length of each of the one or more branches is in a range of 0.3 to 0.7;a ratio of a width to the length of the main body is in a range of 0.6 to 0.9; anda ratio of a width to the length of each of the one or more arms is in a range of 0.15 to 0.8;wherein λ is a wavelength corresponding to a lowest frequency in an operating band of the antenna.The antenna of claim 1, further comprising a reflector spaced apart from the radiation patch;wherein the reflector has a ring shape surrounding a hole region; andan orthographic projection of the reflector on a base substrate is at least partially non-overlapping with an orthographic projection of the main body on the base substrate, and at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of one or more branches of the radiation patch on the base substrate.The antenna of claim 10, wherein the reflector at least comprises a first sublayer and a second sublayer on a side of the first sublayer away from the radiation patch;wherein the first sublayer comprises a dielectric insulating material; andthe second sublayer comprises a conductive material.The antenna of claim 11, wherein the first sublayer has a thickness in a range of 0.3 to 2.0 mm;the second sublayer has a thickness in a range of 0.01 to 0.1 mm;an outer ring of the reflector has a diameter in a range of 0.17λ to 0.20λ;an inner ring of the reflector has a diameter in a range of 0.08λ to 0.12λ;the reflector is spaced apart from the feed structure by a distance in a range of 0.1 to 3 mm; andλ is a wavelength corresponding to a lowest frequency in an operating band of the antenna.The antenna of claim 10, further comprising a notch truncating a portion of a ring structure of the reflector;wherein the notch is configured to receive at least a portion of the feed structure; andan orthographic projection of the notch on a base substrate partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the feed structure on the base substrate.The antenna of claim 13, wherein the reflector comprises a first sublayer and a second sublayer on a side of the first sublayer away from the radiation patch;wherein the second sublayer at least comprises a fold structure at least partially covers an edge of a portion of an outer ring of the first sublayer;the fold structure abuts the notch, and is adjacent to the feed structure; anda plane intersecting and perpendicular to the main body and the feed structure also intersects the fold structure.The antenna of claim 14, wherein the fold structure has a width along a first direction in a range of 0.5 to 5.0 mm; andthe first direction is substantially parallel to a direction from a first ground portion to a second ground portion of the ground structure.The antenna of claim 14, wherein the notch has a width along a first direction, and a length along a second direction;the first direction is substantially parallel to a direction from a first ground portion to a second ground portion of the ground structure;the second direction is substantially parallel to a direction from the feed structure to the radiation patch;the length in a range of 0.13λ~0.16λ;the width is in a range of 0.05λ~0.08λ; andλ is a wavelength corresponding to a lowest frequency in an operating band of the antenna.The antenna of claim 10, further comprising a plurality of spacers configured to attach the reflector on the dielectric layer or on the cover.The antenna of claim 10, further comprising an insulating layer filled in the hole region;wherein the ring shape surrounds the insulating layer;wherein the antenna further comprises a second notch truncating a portion of the ring structure of the reflector.The antenna of claim 18, wherein the insulating layer are made from a unitary dielectric plate.The antenna of claim 4, further comprising one or more first slots and / or one or more second slots;wherein the one or more first slots extend through the main body;the one or more second slots extend through a portion of the transition line, and extend through a portion of the main body;each of the one or more first slots is surrounded by a portion of the main body; andeach of the one or more second slots is partially surrounded by a portion of the main body, and partially surrounded by a portion of the transition line.A wireless transceiver apparatus, comprising:the antenna of any one of claims 1 to 20; anda cover on a side of the antenna away from the dielectric layer;wherein the cover is spaced apart from the antenna and the dielectric layer by a gap; andthe antenna is in contact with the dielectric layer;wherein the wireless transceiver apparatus comprises an installation surface divided into at least one installation area, with at least one antenna positioned at an edge of the at least one installation area.The wireless transceiver apparatus of claim 21, comprising a plurality of antennas;wherein each of the plurality of antennas is spaced apart from a closest edge of the dielectric layer by a distance in a range of 6.8%to 11.6%of the wavelength of a lowest frequency in a frequency band of the wireless transceiver apparatus; andeach of the antennas is spaced apart from a closest corner of the dielectric layer by a distance in a range of 7.6%to 12.5%of the wavelength of the lowest frequency in the frequency band of the wireless transceiver apparatus.A base station, comprising the wireless transceiver apparatus of claim 21, and one or more processors.
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