Display substrate and design method therefor, and display apparatus

Abstract

Provided are a display substrate and a design method therefor, and a display apparatus. The display substrate comprises: a base substrate, and a light-emitting device layer and a touch-control layer that are arranged in sequence away from the base substrate. The light-emitting device layer comprises a plurality of repeating units, and at least some of the repeating units each comprise a plurality of sub-pixels, the plurality of sub-pixels including a first color sub-pixel, a second color sub-pixel and a third color sub-pixel, wherein the first color sub-pixel comprises a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel. The touch-control layer comprises a plurality of touch-control traces, the touch-control traces comprise first sub-touch-control traces located between the first sub-pixels and the third color sub-pixels, orthographic projections of at least some of the first sub-touch-control traces on the base substrate are spaced apart from orthographic projections of neighboring first sub-pixels on the base substrate by a first distance, and orthographic projections of at least some of the first sub-touch-control traces on the base substrate are spaced apart from orthographic projections of neighboring third color sub-pixels on the base substrate by a second distance, wherein the first distance is not equal to the second distance.

Description

Display substrate, its design method, and display device

[0001] This application claims the benefit of Chinese Patent Application No. 202411223963.8, filed with the Chinese Patent Office on September 2, 2024, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure relates to the field of display technology, and more specifically to a display substrate, its design method, and a display device. Background Technology

[0003] Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), also known as organic light-emitting diodes, have enormous development potential in the display field due to their advantages such as thinness, high color saturation, active emission, fast imaging speed, and low power consumption. Currently, their commercial applications are mainly in mobile display terminals. However, with the development of commercialization, the market's performance requirements for OLED products are further increasing, such as lifespan, low crosstalk, viewing angle performance, high transmittance, and power consumption. Among these, lifespan, low crosstalk, viewing angle performance, high transmittance, and power consumption are important indicators affecting the overall optical characteristics of OLED products. Optimizing one optical characteristic of an OLED product may lead to the degradation of other optical characteristics. Therefore, how to improve the overall optical characteristics of OLED products is one of the important research topics for researchers in this field.

[0004] The information disclosed in this section is only for understanding the background of the technical concept of this disclosure, and therefore may contain information that does not constitute prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In one aspect, a display substrate is provided, comprising:

[0006] Substrate;

[0007] A light-emitting device layer is located on one side of the substrate. The light-emitting device layer includes a plurality of repeating units, at least a portion of which include a plurality of sub-pixels. The plurality of sub-pixels includes: a first color sub-pixel, a second color sub-pixel, and a third color sub-pixel. The first color sub-pixel includes a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel.

[0008] A touch layer is disposed on the side of the light-emitting device layer away from the substrate. The touch layer includes multiple touch traces arranged in a mesh pattern with multiple mesh openings. The orthographic projections of the multiple sub-pixels on the substrate are respectively located within the orthographic projection areas of the multiple mesh openings on the substrate.

[0009] The touch trace includes a first sub-touch trace located between the first sub-pixel and the third color sub-pixel. At least a portion of the first sub-touch trace and the adjacent first sub-pixel are spaced apart by a first distance in their orthogonal projections on the substrate. At least a portion of the first sub-touch trace and the adjacent third color sub-pixel are spaced apart by a second distance in their orthogonal projections on the substrate. The first distance and the second distance are not equal.

[0010] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the touch trace includes a second sub-touch trace located between the second color sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel, at least a portion of the second sub-touch trace and the adjacent second color sub-pixel are spaced apart by a third distance between their orthogonal projections on the substrate, and at least a portion of the second sub-touch trace and the adjacent second sub-pixel are spaced apart by a fourth distance between their orthogonal projections on the substrate, wherein the third distance and the fourth distance are not equal.

[0011] According to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the light-emitting device layer includes: a first electrode layer located on one side of the substrate; a light-emitting functional layer located on the side of the first electrode layer away from the substrate; and a second electrode layer located on the side of the light-emitting functional layer away from the substrate, the second electrode layer having a first thickness in a first direction, the touch layer having a second thickness in the first direction, the ratio of the first thickness to the second thickness being in the range of 0.035 to 0.05, and the first direction being parallel to the light emission direction of the display substrate; and

[0012] The first distance is greater than the second distance, and the third distance is less than the fourth distance.

[0013] According to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the first thickness is in the range of 16 nanometers to 20 nanometers; and

[0014] The difference between the first distance and the second distance is greater than the difference between the fourth distance and the third distance.

[0015] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the display substrate further includes a pixel defining layer located between the first electrode layer and the light-emitting functional layer, the pixel defining layer including a plurality of pixel defining portions defining a plurality of pixel openings.

[0016] In the second direction, the pixel defining portion has a first width, the touch trace has a second width, the ratio of the first width to the second width is greater than or equal to 2.5 and less than or equal to 15, and the second direction is parallel to the direction from the first color sub-pixel to the third color sub-pixel.

[0017] According to exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, the first width is in the range of 17 micrometers to 26 micrometers; and / or,

[0018] The second width is in the range of 2 micrometers to 6 micrometers.

[0019] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the first color sub-pixel is configured to emit light of a first wavelength, the second color sub-pixel is configured to emit light of a second wavelength, and the third color sub-pixel is configured to emit light of a third wavelength, wherein the first wavelength is less than the second wavelength and the first wavelength is greater than the third wavelength.

[0020] The display substrate further includes a light extraction layer located between the light-emitting device layer and the touch layer, wherein the refractive index of the second wavelength light in the light extraction layer is less than the refractive index of the first wavelength light in the light extraction layer, and the refractive index of the first wavelength light in the light extraction layer is less than the refractive index of the third wavelength light in the light extraction layer.

[0021] Wherein, the thickness of the light extraction layer in a first direction is less than or equal to 70 nanometers, and the first direction is parallel to the light emission direction of the display substrate; and

[0022] The first distance is less than the second distance, and the third distance is less than the fourth distance.

[0023] According to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the difference between the second distance and the first distance is substantially equal to the difference between the fourth distance and the third distance.

[0024] According to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the light-emitting device layer includes a light-emitting functional layer, the light-emitting functional layer including a first light-emitting layer, the first light-emitting layer being configured to emit light of a first wavelength, the doping concentration of the doping material in the first light-emitting layer being greater than or equal to 10%; and / or, the thickness of the first light-emitting layer in a first direction being greater than or equal to 33 nanometers, the first direction being parallel to the light emission direction of the display substrate; and

[0025] The first distance is less than the second distance, and the third distance and the fourth distance are substantially equal.

[0026] According to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the light-emitting functional layer includes a P-type doped layer located on the side of the first light-emitting layer near the substrate, wherein the doping concentration of the dopant material in the P-type doped layer is less than or equal to 0.2%; and

[0027] The difference between the second distance and the first distance is in the range of 2 micrometers to 3 micrometers.

[0028] According to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the first distance and the second distance to the first width is in the range of 0.018 to 0.21; and / or,

[0029] The ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the third distance and the fourth distance to the first width is in the range of 0.018 to 0.21.

[0030] According to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the absolute value of the difference between the first distance and the second distance is in the range of 0.5 micrometers to 3.5 micrometers.

[0031] According to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the absolute value of the difference between the third distance and the fourth distance is in the range of 0.5 micrometers to 3.5 micrometers.

[0032] According to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the plurality of pixel openings include a first pixel opening, a second pixel opening, a third pixel opening, and a fourth pixel opening, wherein a first sub-pixel is located in the first pixel opening, a second color sub-pixel is located in the second pixel opening, a third color sub-pixel is located in the third pixel opening, and a second sub-pixel is located in the fourth pixel opening.

[0033] Wherein, the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the first pixel opening onto the substrate and the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the fourth pixel opening onto the substrate are substantially equal; and / or,

[0034] The ratio of the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the second pixel opening onto the substrate to the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the first pixel opening onto the substrate is in the range of 1 to 2; and / or,

[0035] The ratio of the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the third pixel opening onto the substrate to the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the first pixel opening onto the substrate is greater than or equal to 2.

[0036] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the display substrate further includes an encapsulation layer located between the light-emitting device layer and the touch layer, the encapsulation layer including a second encapsulation sublayer, the material of the second encapsulation sublayer including an organic material, the thickness of the second encapsulation sublayer in a first direction being in the range of 2 micrometers to 24 micrometers, the first direction being parallel to the light emission direction of the display substrate.

[0037] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the display substrate further includes a buffer layer located between the encapsulation layer and the touch layer, the buffer layer being made of an inorganic material, and the thickness of the buffer layer in the first direction being in the range of 1 micrometer to 5 micrometers.

[0038] In another aspect, a display device is provided, wherein the display device includes a display substrate as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0039] In another aspect, a method for designing a display substrate is provided, comprising:

[0040] Obtain the initial test results of the initial display substrate;

[0041] Based on the initial test results, the structure of the initial display substrate is optimized using the first set of design parameters to obtain an intermediate display substrate;

[0042] Obtain intermediate test results for the intermediate display substrate; and

[0043] Based on the intermediate test results, the structure of the intermediate display substrate is optimized using the second set of design parameters to obtain the target display substrate.

[0044] The target display substrate includes: a substrate; a light-emitting device layer located on one side of the substrate, the light-emitting device layer including multiple repeating units, at least a portion of the repeating units including multiple sub-pixels, the multiple sub-pixels including: a first color sub-pixel, a second color sub-pixel, and a third color sub-pixel, the first color sub-pixel including a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel; and a touch layer disposed on the side of the light-emitting device layer away from the substrate, the touch layer including multiple touch traces, the touch traces being distributed in a mesh pattern with multiple mesh openings, the orthographic projections of the multiple sub-pixels on the substrate being respectively located within the orthographic projection areas of the multiple mesh openings on the substrate, the touch traces including a first sub-touch trace located between the first sub-pixel and the third color sub-pixel, at least a portion of the first sub-touch traces and adjacent first sub-pixels being spaced apart by a first distance between their orthographic projections on the substrate, at least a portion of the first sub-touch traces and adjacent third color sub-pixels being spaced apart by a second distance between their orthographic projections on the substrate.

[0045] The step of optimizing the structure of the intermediate display substrate using the second set of design parameters to obtain the target display substrate includes: adjusting the first distance and the second distance so that the first distance and the second distance are not equal. Attached Figure Description

[0046] The foregoing contents, as well as other objects, features, and advantages of this disclosure, will become clearer from the following description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0047] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display substrate in the related technology;

[0048] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the line width of the touch trace and the distance between the touch trace and the sub-pixel in the related technology;

[0049] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the display substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0050] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a repeating unit of the display substrate shown in Figure 3;

[0051] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the display substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0052] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a repeating unit of the display substrate shown in Figure 5;

[0053] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the display substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0054] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a repeating unit of the display substrate shown in Figure 7;

[0055] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of sub-pixels of the repeating unit in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0056] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the widened touch traces according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0057] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram comparing the color shift trajectory of a display substrate according to some embodiments of the present disclosure with that of a conventional display substrate;

[0058] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram comparing the color shift trajectory of a display substrate according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure with that of a conventional display substrate;

[0059] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram comparing the color shift trajectory of a display substrate according to some embodiments of the present disclosure with that of a conventional display substrate;

[0060] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison of the white light and the brightness changes of each monochrome corresponding to the offset of the touch trace.

[0061] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the distance between the touch traces and sub-pixels on an existing display substrate;

[0062] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the distance between the touch trace and the sub-pixel after the trace offset;

[0063] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram comparing the color shift trajectories of each display substrate after the touch trace offset with those of the existing display substrate;

[0064] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the touch wiring in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0065] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the measured results of color deviation trajectory after the touch traces of two types of display substrates were adjusted;

[0066] Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view of a display substrate according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0067] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a light-emitting device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0068] Figure 22 is a partial plan view of a display substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0069] Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of a symmetrical touch trace design according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0070] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the touch trace offset design according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0071] Figure 25 is a comparison diagram of the overall optical characteristics of different display substrates according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0072] Figure 26 is a partial planar schematic diagram of the second optimized display substrate Split2 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 27 is a comparison diagram of power consumption and lifespan of three different display substrates (reference display substrate Normal, first optimized display substrate Split1, and second optimized display substrate Split2) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 28 is a comparison diagram of color shift trajectory of three different display substrates (reference display substrate Normal, first optimized display substrate Split1, and second optimized display substrate Split2) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 29 is a comparison diagram of viewing angle brightness of three different display substrates (reference display substrate Normal, first optimized display substrate Split1, and second optimized display substrate Split2) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 30 is a comparison diagram of the illumination level of green light-emitting units of three different display substrates (reference display substrate Normal, first optimized display substrate Split1, and second optimized display substrate Split2) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0073] Figure 31 is a partial planar schematic diagram of the second optimized display substrate Split2 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 32 is a comparison diagram of power consumption and lifespan of three different display substrates—reference display substrate Normal, first optimized display substrate Split1, and second optimized display substrate Split2—according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 33 is a comparison diagram of color shift trajectory of three different display substrates—reference display substrate Normal, first optimized display substrate Split1, and second optimized display substrate Split2—according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 34 is a comparison diagram of viewing angle brightness of three different display substrates—reference display substrate Normal, first optimized display substrate Split1, and second optimized display substrate Split2—according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0074] Figure 35 is a partial planar schematic diagram of the second optimized display substrate Split2 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 36 is a comparison diagram of power consumption and lifespan of three different display substrates—reference display substrate Normal, first optimized display substrate Split1, and second optimized display substrate Split2—according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 37 is a comparison diagram of color shift trajectory of three different display substrates—reference display substrate Normal, first optimized display substrate Split1, and second optimized display substrate Split2—according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 38 is a comparison diagram of viewing angle brightness of three different display substrates—reference display substrate Normal, first optimized display substrate Split1, and second optimized display substrate Split2—according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0075] Figure 39 is a partial planar schematic diagram of the second optimized display substrate Split2 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 40 is a comparison diagram of power consumption and lifespan of three different display substrates (reference display substrate Normal, first optimized display substrate Split1, and second optimized display substrate Split2) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 41 is a comparison diagram of color shift trajectory of three different display substrates (reference display substrate Normal, first optimized display substrate Split1, and second optimized display substrate Split2) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 42 is a comparison diagram of viewing angle brightness of three different display substrates (reference display substrate Normal, first optimized display substrate Split1, and second optimized display substrate Split2) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 43 is a comparison diagram of grayscale activation of red sub-pixels of three different display substrates (reference display substrate Normal, first optimized display substrate Split1, and second optimized display substrate Split2) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 44 is a comparison diagram of grayscale activation of green sub-pixels of three different display substrates (reference display substrate Normal, first optimized display substrate Split1, and second optimized display substrate Split2) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0076] Figure 45 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0077] Figure 46 is a comparison diagram of color shift trajectories of two display substrates with adjusted second sub-encapsulation layer thickness according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0078] Figures 47-50 are comparison diagrams of the viewing angle brightness of white light, red light, green light and blue light of two display substrates with adjusted second sub-encapsulation layer thickness according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0079] Figure 51 is a comparison diagram of color shift trajectories of two display substrates with adjusted second sub-encapsulation layer thickness according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0080] Figures 52-55 are comparison diagrams of the viewing angle brightness of white light, red light, green light and blue light of two display substrates with adjusted second sub-encapsulation layer thickness according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0081] Figure 56 is a comparison diagram of color shift trajectories of two display substrates with adjusted buffer layer thickness according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0082] Figures 57-60 are comparison diagrams of the viewing angle brightness of white light, red light, green light and blue light of two display substrates with adjusted buffer layer thickness according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0083] It should be noted that, for clarity, the dimensions of layers, structures, or regions in the accompanying drawings used to describe embodiments of this disclosure may be enlarged or reduced; that is, these drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Detailed Implementation

[0084] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this disclosure clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this disclosure. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of this disclosure without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0085] It should be noted that, for clarity and / or descriptive purposes, the dimensions and relative dimensions of components may be enlarged in the accompanying drawings. Therefore, the dimensions and relative dimensions of the individual components are not necessarily limited to those shown in the drawings. In the specification and accompanying drawings, the same or similar reference numerals indicate the same or similar parts.

[0086] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as “comprising” or “including” mean that an element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects.

[0087] In this document, unless otherwise specified, directional terms such as "above," "below," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer" are used to indicate orientation or positional relationships based on the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this disclosure, and do not indicate or imply that the device, element, or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed or operated in a specific orientation. It should be understood that when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationships they represent may also change accordingly. Therefore, these directional terms should not be construed as limitations on this disclosure. When a structure is "above" another structure, it may mean that the structure is integrally formed on the other structure, or that the structure is "directly" mounted on the other structure, or that the structure is "indirectly" mounted on the other structure through another structure.

[0088] In this disclosure, “about” means a value that is not strictly limited and allows for process and measurement errors.

[0089] OLED panels boast high brightness, wide color gamut, wide viewing angles, thin and light structure, and foldability. Their applications have expanded from initial smartphones to various display terminal products such as smartwatches / bandbands, handheld game consoles, tablets, laptops, and automotive screens. The consumer market has placed increasingly stringent demands on their overall image quality across multiple usage scenarios. For example, overall image quality includes: the varying degrees of color difference between white light and a normal viewing angle; screen power consumption; the difference in brightness and color intensity after several years of use compared to the initial state; and the image quality at extremely low brightness in dark environments. While specific optical characteristics of a display panel can be improved through adjustments to the microcavity film thickness and doping concentration, simultaneously improving overall optical characteristics is generally difficult to achieve.

[0090] For example, the single-layer light-emitting device structure in a top-emitting OLED product may include multiple layers such as: anode, hole injection layer / hole transport layer, red light-emitting layer / red light auxiliary layer, green light-emitting layer / green light auxiliary layer, blue light-emitting layer / blue light auxiliary layer, exciton blocking layer, electron transport layer, cathode, and light extraction layer. Improving the lifetime of OLED products can include thickening the light-emitting device layer and adjusting the doping concentration to an appropriate level. Power consumption optimization can be achieved through verification of the light-emitting device layer concentration, changes in cathode thickness or light extraction layer thickness, etc. Low-brightness image quality is affected by the doping concentration of the hole injection layer, and the brightness gain at viewing angle is strongly correlated with the CIE chromaticity and the doping concentration of the light-emitting device layer of the OLED product. Generally, OLED product users tend to demand characteristics such as low power consumption, long lifetime, superior image quality, and excellent color accuracy. In some embodiments, the performance improvements of one or more OLED products can be achieved through a combination of methods, such as increasing the thickness of the light-emitting device layer and optimizing the doping concentration, thickening the cathode, and adjusting the doping concentration in the hole injection layer. However, this inevitably leads to phenomena such as increased viewing angle brightness decay and reduced transmittance of sensor apertures (e.g., fingerprint holes / ambient light holes). In such cases, the adjusted OLED products typically require further viewing angle bias optimization to ensure the best possible user experience.

[0091] Exemplary embodiments of this disclosure provide a display substrate. Specifically, the display substrate may include: a substrate; a light-emitting device layer located on one side of the substrate, the light-emitting device layer including a plurality of repeating units, at least a portion of the repeating units including a plurality of sub-pixels, the plurality of sub-pixels including: a first color sub-pixel, a second color sub-pixel, and a third color sub-pixel, the first color sub-pixel including a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel; and a touch layer disposed on the side of the light-emitting device layer away from the substrate, the touch layer including a plurality of touch traces, the touch traces being distributed in a mesh pattern and having a plurality of mesh openings, the orthographic projections of the plurality of sub-pixels on the substrate being respectively located within the orthographic projection areas of the plurality of mesh openings on the substrate, wherein the touch traces include a first sub-touch trace located between the first sub-pixel and the third color sub-pixel, at least a portion of the first sub-touch traces and the orthographic projections of adjacent first sub-pixels on the substrate being spaced apart by a first distance, at least a portion of the first sub-touch traces and the orthographic projections of adjacent third color sub-pixels on the substrate being spaced apart by a second distance, the first distance and the second distance being unequal.

[0092] Touch traces in the touch layer affect the light emission of R / G / B monochromatic light at different viewing angles. By controlling the distance between the touch traces and each sub-pixel, the attenuation of R / G / B brightness at different viewing angles can be adjusted, thereby optimizing view angle color shift. Simultaneously, touch trace offset can optimize the transmittance of sensor vias such as fingerprint sensors and ambient light sensors, improving the user experience of display products. Through this design, after optimizing the optical characteristics of OLED products such as power consumption, lifespan, and low brightness crosstalk, further optimization of view angle color shift, viewing angle brightness, and panel via transmittance can be achieved, improving the overall optical characteristics of the display substrate.

[0093] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the display substrate in the related technology, and Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the line width of the touch trace and the distance between the touch trace and the sub-pixel in the related technology.

[0094] For example, referring to FIG1, the display substrate 10 includes a plurality of sub-pixels 21 (e.g., red sub-pixels, green sub-pixels and blue sub-pixels) and touch traces 22, which are disposed on the sub-pixels 21 and arranged in a mesh pattern.

[0095] For example, referring to Figure 2, the linewidth of the touch trace is b, and the distance between it and adjacent sub-pixels is a. In this structure, the touch trace is located in the middle of adjacent sub-pixels, with the same distance from each adjacent sub-pixel. In this structure, the viewing angle bias of the display substrate is affected by the superposition of the intrinsic spectrum of the luminescent material and the microcavity spectrum of the device, which is ultimately directly reflected in the brightness difference of the light emitted by the red, green, and blue sub-pixels at the viewing angle, resulting in a large difference in white light chromaticity between the viewing angle and the normal viewing angle.

[0096] To solve the above problems, the touch traces can be designed asymmetrically (also known as offset design) so that the touch traces have different light-blocking effects for sub-pixels of different colors, thereby achieving R / G / B brightness attenuation control under different viewing angles and thus achieving view-oriented optimization.

[0097] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a repeating unit of the display substrate shown in Figure 3.

[0098] For example, referring to Figures 3 and 4, the display substrate may include: a substrate; a plurality of repeating units (the area enclosed by the dashed box in Figure 3 is one repeating unit), disposed on the substrate, each repeating unit including a plurality of sub-pixels 21 (in the embodiments shown in Figures 3 and 4, one repeating unit includes four sub-pixels), the plurality of sub-pixels 21 including: a first color sub-pixel, a second color sub-pixel, and a third color sub-pixel; touch traces 22, disposed on the side of the sub-pixels 21 away from the substrate, the touch traces 22 being distributed in a mesh pattern and having a plurality of mesh holes. For example, the mesh holes correspond one-to-one with the sub-pixels 21, and the orthographic projections of the plurality of sub-pixels 21 on the substrate fall into the orthographic projection areas of the plurality of mesh holes on the substrate.

[0099] For example, within each repeating unit, the distance between the touch trace 22 located between the first color sub-pixel and the second color sub-pixel and the first color sub-pixel is less than the distance between the trace 22 and the second color sub-pixel.

[0100] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this disclosure, the distance between the touch trace and the sub-pixel refers to the distance between the orthographic projection of the touch trace on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel on the substrate.

[0101] In the embodiments shown in Figures 3 and 4, the first color sub-pixel is a green sub-pixel (G), the second color sub-pixel is a red sub-pixel (R), and the third color sub-pixel is a blue sub-pixel (B). In each repeating unit, the touch trace 22 located between the green sub-pixel and the red sub-pixel is at a distance (e.g., a-x1) from the green sub-pixel, which is less than the distance (e.g., a+x1) from the red sub-pixel.

[0102] In this embodiment, the example is given where the first color sub-pixel is a green sub-pixel and the second color sub-pixel is a red sub-pixel. In other embodiments of this disclosure, the first color sub-pixel may also be a red sub-pixel or a blue sub-pixel, and the second color sub-pixel may also be a green sub-pixel or a blue sub-pixel, etc.

[0103] In the embodiments of this disclosure, within each repeating unit, the distance between the touch trace located between the first color sub-pixel and the second color sub-pixel and the first color sub-pixel is less than the distance between the touch trace and the second color sub-pixel. This design allows the touch trace to be closer to the first color sub-pixel, thereby reducing the light emission brightness of the first color sub-pixel at a wide viewing angle and increasing the light emission brightness of the second color sub-pixel. This controls the light emission brightness ratio of each sub-pixel at a wide viewing angle, improving the color shift effect at wide viewing angles. Furthermore, only the position of the touch trace needs to be adjusted, resulting in lower cost and higher mass production feasibility.

[0104] In the embodiments shown in Figures 3 and 4, the touch trace 22 located between the first color sub-pixel (e.g., the green sub-pixel) and the second color sub-pixel (e.g., the red sub-pixel) is less distant from the first color sub-pixel than it is from the second color sub-pixel; the touch trace 22 located between the first color sub-pixel (e.g., the green sub-pixel) and the third color sub-pixel (e.g., the blue sub-pixel) is at a distance (e.g., a) equal to the distance (e.g., a) between it and the third color sub-pixel. That is, only the touch trace between the red and green sub-pixels is offset towards the green sub-pixel, while the touch trace between the blue and green sub-pixels is not offset towards the green sub-pixel. This offset method is also called unidirectional offset.

[0105] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a repeating unit of the display substrate shown in Figure 5.

[0106] For example, referring to Figures 5 and 6, the display substrate includes: a substrate; a plurality of repeating units (the area enclosed by the dashed box in Figure 5 is one repeating unit), disposed on the substrate, each repeating unit including a plurality of sub-pixels 21 (in the embodiments shown in Figures 5 and 6, one repeating unit includes four sub-pixels), the plurality of sub-pixels 21 including: a first color sub-pixel, a second color sub-pixel and a third color sub-pixel; touch traces 22, disposed on the side of the sub-pixels 21 away from the substrate, the touch traces are distributed in a mesh pattern and have a plurality of mesh holes, the mesh holes correspond one-to-one with the sub-pixels 21, and the orthographic projection of the sub-pixels 21 on the substrate is located in the orthographic projection area of ​​the corresponding mesh hole on the substrate.

[0107] For example, within each repeating unit, the touch trace 22 located between the first color sub-pixel and the third color sub-pixel is at a distance from the first color sub-pixel that is less than the distance from the third color sub-pixel.

[0108] In the embodiments shown in Figures 5 and 6, the first color sub-pixel is a green sub-pixel, the second color sub-pixel is a red sub-pixel, and the third color sub-pixel is a blue sub-pixel. Within each repeating unit, the touch trace located between the green sub-pixel and the blue sub-pixel has a distance (e.g., a-x1) from the green sub-pixel, which is less than the distance (e.g., a+x1) from the blue sub-pixel.

[0109] In this embodiment, the example is given where the first color sub-pixel is a green sub-pixel and the third color sub-pixel is a blue sub-pixel. In other embodiments of this disclosure, the first color sub-pixel may also be a red sub-pixel or a blue sub-pixel, and the third color sub-pixel may also be a green sub-pixel or a red sub-pixel, etc.

[0110] In the embodiments of this disclosure, within each repeating unit, the distance between the touch trace 22 located between the first color sub-pixel and the third color sub-pixel and the first color sub-pixel is less than the distance between the touch trace 22 and the third color sub-pixel. This design brings the touch trace closer to the first color sub-pixel, thereby reducing the light emission brightness of the first color sub-pixel at wide viewing angles and increasing the light emission brightness of the third color sub-pixel. This allows for adjustment of the light emission brightness ratio of each sub-pixel at wide viewing angles, improving the color shift effect at wide viewing angles. Furthermore, only the position of the touch trace needs to be adjusted, resulting in lower cost and higher mass production feasibility.

[0111] In the embodiments shown in Figures 5 and 6, the distance between the touch trace located between the first color sub-pixel (e.g., green sub-pixel) and the third color sub-pixel (e.g., blue sub-pixel) and the first color sub-pixel is less than the distance between the touch trace located between the first color sub-pixel (e.g., green sub-pixel) and the third color sub-pixel (e.g., red sub-pixel) is equal to the distance between the touch trace located between the first color sub-pixel (e.g., a) and the second color sub-pixel (e.g., a). That is, only the touch trace between the blue and green sub-pixels is offset towards the green sub-pixel, while the touch trace between the red and green sub-pixels is not offset towards the green sub-pixel. This offset method is also called unidirectional offset.

[0112] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a repeating unit of the display substrate shown in Figure 7.

[0113] For example, referring to Figures 7 and 8, the display substrate includes: a substrate; a plurality of repeating units (the area enclosed by the dashed box in Figure 7 is one repeating unit), disposed on the substrate, each repeating unit including a plurality of sub-pixels 21 (in the embodiments shown in Figures 7 and 8, one repeating unit includes four sub-pixels), the plurality of sub-pixels 21 including: a first color sub-pixel, a second color sub-pixel and a third color sub-pixel; touch traces 22, disposed on the side of the sub-pixels 21 away from the substrate, the touch traces 22 are distributed in a mesh pattern and have a plurality of mesh holes, the mesh holes correspond one-to-one with the sub-pixels 21, and the orthographic projection of the sub-pixels 21 on the substrate is located in the orthographic projection area of ​​the corresponding mesh hole on the substrate.

[0114] For example, within each repeating unit, the touch trace 22 located between the first color sub-pixel and the second color sub-pixel is at a distance less than the distance between it and the second color sub-pixel. Also, the touch trace 22 located between the first color sub-pixel and the third color sub-pixel is at a distance less than the distance between it and the third color sub-pixel.

[0115] In the embodiments shown in Figures 7 and 8, the first color sub-pixel is a green sub-pixel, the second color sub-pixel is a red sub-pixel, and the third color sub-pixel is a blue sub-pixel. Within each repeating unit, the distance between the touch trace located between the green sub-pixel and the red sub-pixel and the green sub-pixel (e.g., a-x1) is less than the distance between the touch trace located between the green sub-pixel and the blue sub-pixel (e.g., a+x1); the distance between the touch trace located between the green sub-pixel and the blue sub-pixel and the green sub-pixel (e.g., a-x1) is less than the distance between the touch trace located between the green sub-pixel and the blue sub-pixel (e.g., a+x1).

[0116] In this embodiment, the example is given where the first color sub-pixel is a green sub-pixel, the second color sub-pixel is a red sub-pixel, and the third color sub-pixel is a blue sub-pixel. In other embodiments of this disclosure, the first color sub-pixel may also be a red sub-pixel or a blue sub-pixel, etc.

[0117] In the embodiments of this disclosure, within each repeating unit, the distance between the touch trace located between the first color sub-pixel and the second color sub-pixel and the first color sub-pixel is less than the distance between the touch trace and the second color sub-pixel; similarly, the distance between the touch trace located between the first color sub-pixel and the third color sub-pixel and the first color sub-pixel is less than the distance between the touch trace and the third color sub-pixel. This design brings the touch trace closer to the first color sub-pixel, thereby reducing the light emission brightness of the first color sub-pixel at a wide viewing angle and increasing the light emission brightness of the second color sub-pixel and / or the third color sub-pixel. This allows for adjustment of the light emission brightness ratio of each sub-pixel at a wide viewing angle, improving the color shift effect at wide viewing angles. Furthermore, only the position of the touch trace needs to be adjusted, resulting in lower cost and higher mass production feasibility.

[0118] In the embodiments shown in Figures 7 and 8, the distance between the touch trace located between the first color sub-pixel (e.g., the green sub-pixel) and the third color sub-pixel (e.g., the blue sub-pixel) and the first color sub-pixel is less than the distance between the touch trace located between the first color sub-pixel (e.g., the green sub-pixel) and the second color sub-pixel (e.g., the red sub-pixel) and the first color sub-pixel is also less than the distance between the touch trace located between the first color sub-pixel and the second color sub-pixel. In other words, the touch trace between the blue and green sub-pixels is offset towards the green sub-pixel, and the touch trace between the red and green sub-pixels is also offset towards the green sub-pixel. This offset method is also called bidirectional offset.

[0119] In the above embodiments, the distance by which the touch trace between the blue and green sub-pixels is offset towards the green sub-pixel is equal to the distance by which the touch trace between the red and green sub-pixels is offset towards the green sub-pixel, for example, both being x1. Of course, in other embodiments of this disclosure, the distance by which the touch trace between the blue and green sub-pixels is offset towards the green sub-pixel may not be equal to the distance by which the touch trace between the red and green sub-pixels is offset towards the green sub-pixel. For example, the distance by which the touch trace between the blue and green sub-pixels is offset towards the green sub-pixel is x1, and the distance by which the touch trace between the red and green sub-pixels is offset towards the green sub-pixel is x2.

[0120] In the embodiments of this disclosure, different offset distances and / or offset methods (unidirectional offset or bidirectional offset) can be used to adjust the color cast of a wide field of view to different degrees to meet product specifications, based on the color cast characteristics of different products.

[0121] In the above embodiments, within the repeating unit, the position of the touch traces between sub-pixels is adjusted so that the touch traces are shifted toward the first color sub-pixel.

[0122] In the embodiments of this disclosure, optionally, the position of the touch traces between sub-pixels can also be adjusted between adjacent repeating units. That is, the position of the touch traces between two adjacent sub-pixels, regardless of whether they belong to the same repeating unit, can be adjusted to further improve the color shift effect.

[0123] For example, within each repeating unit and between adjacent repeating units, the distance between the touch trace located between the first color sub-pixel and the second color sub-pixel and the first color sub-pixel is less than the distance between the touch trace located between the touch trace located between the first color sub-pixel and the third color sub-pixel is less than the distance between the touch trace located between the touch trace located between the touch trace located between the first color sub-pixel and the third color sub-pixel.

[0124] For example, referring to Figure 3, 31 and 32 are two adjacent repeating units. As can be seen from Figure 3, the distance between the touch trace of the red sub-pixel of repeating unit 31 and the green sub-pixel adjacent to the red sub-pixel of repeating unit 32 and the green sub-pixel (e.g., a-x1) is smaller than the distance between the green sub-pixel and the red sub-pixel (e.g., a+x1).

[0125] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this disclosure, within the repeating unit, the position of the touch traces between sub-pixels is adjusted so that the touch traces are offset towards the first color sub-pixel. Between adjacent repeating units, the position of the touch traces between sub-pixels may not be adjusted. For example, in Figure 3, the distance between the touch traces of the red sub-pixel in repeating unit 31 and the green sub-pixel adjacent to the red sub-pixel in repeating unit 32, and the distance between the green sub-pixel and the red sub-pixel, may also be equal to the distance between the green and red sub-pixels.

[0126] In embodiments of this disclosure, optionally, when the distance between a touch trace located between a first color sub-pixel and a second color sub-pixel and the first color sub-pixel is less than the distance between the touch trace and the second color sub-pixel, the difference between the distance between the touch trace and the second color sub-pixel and the distance between the touch trace and the first color sub-pixel is greater than or equal to 1 μm. Taking Figure 3 as an example, when the distance between a touch trace located between a green sub-pixel and a red sub-pixel and the green sub-pixel is less than the distance between the touch trace and the red sub-pixel, the difference between the distance between the touch trace and the green sub-pixel (e.g., a-x1) and the distance between the touch trace and the red sub-pixel (e.g., a+x1) is greater than or equal to 1 μm, i.e., (a+x1)-(a-x1)=2x1=1 μm. It should be noted that the first color sub-pixel and the second color sub-pixel can be two sub-pixels within the same repeating unit, or they can be sub-pixels located in different repeating units.

[0127] In embodiments of this disclosure, optionally, when the distance between a touch trace located between a first color sub-pixel and a third color sub-pixel and the first color sub-pixel is less than the distance between the touch trace and the third color sub-pixel, the difference between the distance between the touch trace and the third color sub-pixel and the distance between the touch trace and the first color sub-pixel is greater than or equal to 1 μm. Taking Figure 5 as an example, when the distance between a touch trace located between a green sub-pixel and a blue sub-pixel and the green sub-pixel is less than the distance between the touch trace and the blue sub-pixel, the difference between the distance between the touch trace and the green sub-pixel (e.g., a-x1) and the distance between the touch trace and the blue sub-pixel (e.g., a+x1) is greater than or equal to 1 μm, i.e., (a+x1)-(a-x1)=2x1=1 μm. It should be noted that the first color sub-pixel and the third color sub-pixel can be two sub-pixels within the same repeating unit, or sub-pixels located in different repeating units.

[0128] In embodiments of this disclosure, optionally, the distance between the touch trace located between the first color sub-pixel and the second color sub-pixel and the first color sub-pixel is less than the distance between the touch trace and the second color sub-pixel; the distance between the touch trace located between the first color sub-pixel and the third color sub-pixel and the first color sub-pixel is equal to the distance between the touch trace and the third color sub-pixel. Taking Figure 3 as an example, the distance between the touch trace located between the green sub-pixel and the red sub-pixel and the green sub-pixel is less than the distance between the touch trace and the red sub-pixel; the distance between the touch trace located between the green sub-pixel and the blue sub-pixel and the green sub-pixel (e.g., a) is equal to the distance between the touch trace and the blue sub-pixel (e.g., a). It should be noted that the first color sub-pixel, the second color sub-pixel, and the third color sub-pixel can be sub-pixels within the same repeating unit, or they can be sub-pixels located in different repeating units.

[0129] In embodiments of this disclosure, optionally, the distance between the touch trace located between the first color sub-pixel and the third color sub-pixel and the first color sub-pixel is less than the distance between the touch trace and the third color sub-pixel; the distance between the touch trace located between the first color sub-pixel and the second color sub-pixel and the first color sub-pixel is equal to the distance between the touch trace and the second color sub-pixel. Taking Figure 5 as an example, the distance between the touch trace located between the green sub-pixel and the blue sub-pixel and the green sub-pixel is less than the distance between the touch trace and the blue sub-pixel; the distance between the touch trace located between the green sub-pixel and the red sub-pixel and the green sub-pixel (e.g., a) is equal to the distance between the touch trace and the red sub-pixel (e.g., a). It should be noted that the first color sub-pixel, the second color sub-pixel, and the third color sub-pixel can be sub-pixels within the same repeating unit, or they can be sub-pixels located in different repeating units.

[0130] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of sub-pixels of the repeating unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0131] In some embodiments, referring to FIG9, each repeating unit includes four sub-pixels, which include: two first-color sub-pixels (e.g., green (G) sub-pixels), one second-color sub-pixel (e.g., red (R) sub-pixel), and one third-color sub-pixel (e.g., blue (B) sub-pixel). Exemplarily, the four sub-pixels are arranged in a three-row, three-column configuration, with the two first-color sub-pixels in the same row but different columns, and the second-color and third-color sub-pixels in different rows but the same column.

[0132] Of course, the arrangement of subpixels in the embodiments of this disclosure is not limited to this. The number of subpixels in the repeating unit is not limited to 4, but can be 3 or more.

[0133] In some embodiments, optionally, the first color sub-pixel is a green sub-pixel, the second color sub-pixel is a red sub-pixel, and the third color sub-pixel is a blue sub-pixel. Of course, this disclosure is not limited thereto, and the first color sub-pixel may also be a red sub-pixel or a blue sub-pixel.

[0134] In some embodiments, the touch trace width is optionally 2–6 μm.

[0135] In embodiments of this disclosure, color shift can also be improved by widening the linewidth of the touch traces. Optionally, in some embodiments, the linewidth of the touch traces is greater than a preset threshold. Optionally, in some embodiments, the preset threshold is 6 μm. The linewidth of touch traces in existing solutions is typically 2–6 μm. The linewidth of the touch traces in the embodiments of this disclosure is greater than that in existing solutions. Changing the linewidth can alter the light emission brightness ratio of each sub-pixel, thereby improving the color shift effect.

[0136] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the widened touch traces according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0137] For example, referring to Figure 10, the line width of the touch trace in Figure 10 is wider than that of existing touch traces. Taking the first color sub-pixel as a green sub-pixel as an example, although the touch trace is widened overall, under normal circumstances, the green sub-pixel accounts for about 65% to 75% of the light output brightness of each sub-pixel. After the touch trace is widened, the light output brightness of the green sub-pixel is more affected by the touch trace due to its larger proportion, and its brightness decays faster. Therefore, the light output brightness ratio of each sub-pixel will be adjusted to further improve the color bias effect at large viewing angles.

[0138] The positional relationship between sub-pixels and touch traces in the embodiments of this disclosure will be described below with reference to a cross-sectional view of the display substrate. Referring to FIG20, FIG20 is a cross-sectional view of a display substrate according to some embodiments of this disclosure. The display substrate includes: a substrate 200, and, sequentially disposed on the substrate 200, a first buffer layer 201, an active layer 202, a first gate insulating layer 203, a first gate metal layer (including a gate electrode 204a and a first capacitor electrode 204b), a first gate insulating layer 205, a second gate metal layer (including a second capacitor electrode 206), an interlayer dielectric layer 207, a first source / drain metal layer 208 (including a source electrode and a drain electrode), and a passivation layer (PVX) 209. The first planarization layer (PLN1) 210, the second source / drain metal layer 211, the second planarization layer (PLN2) 212, the anode 213, the pixel confinement layer 214, the light-emitting functional layer (EL) 215, the cathode 216, the first inorganic encapsulation layer (CVD1) 217, the organic encapsulation layer (IJP) 218, the second inorganic encapsulation layer (CVD2) 219, the inorganic insulating layer (buffer) 220, the touch insulating layer (TLD) 221, the touch layer 222, and the planarization layer (OC) 223.

[0139] For example, the anode 213, the light-emitting functional layer (EL) 215, and the cathode 216 are used to constitute the above-mentioned sub-pixel, also known as a light-emitting unit.

[0140] For example, the active layer 202, gate 204a, source, and drain are used to form a thin-film transistor in a driving circuit. The driving circuit is used to drive the sub-pixel to emit light. The first capacitor electrode 204b and the second capacitor electrode 206 are used to form the capacitor in the driving circuit.

[0141] For example, the touch layer 222 includes the touch traces 22 in the above embodiments. The touch traces 22 are distributed in a mesh pattern and have multiple mesh holes. Each mesh hole corresponds to a sub-pixel, and the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection area of ​​the corresponding mesh hole on the substrate.

[0142] In embodiments of this disclosure, the touch traces are formed using an opaque conductive material, such as a metallic material, for example, Ti / Al / Ti.

[0143] In embodiments of this disclosure, the touch traces may include multiple traces, which are formed by openings at some locations in the mesh-distributed touch traces.

[0144] The touch traces in the embodiments of this disclosure may include multiple Tx traces and multiple Rx traces, with the Tx traces and Rx traces arranged in an interleaved manner.

[0145] In the embodiments of this disclosure, the touch traces can be directly fabricated on the encapsulation layer of the display substrate; this process is also known as FMLOC (Flexible Multi Layer On Cell). In some embodiments, the touch traces can be disposed on a separate touch screen panel (TSP) that is attached to the display substrate.

[0146] The display substrate in the embodiments of this disclosure can be an OLED display substrate, but other types of display substrates are also possible.

[0147] The following specific embodiments illustrate the color shift improvement effect of the display substrate in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0148] In the embodiments of this disclosure, the color shift level of the display substrate can be evaluated by using the line connecting the chromaticity coordinates of each viewing angle, i.e., the color shift trajectory, and the relative chromaticity value (Δu′v′) between each viewing angle and the 0° viewing angle. The color shift trajectory adopts the CIE1976 coordinate system.

[0149] Generally speaking:

[0150] 0.004Δu′v′=1 JNCD

[0151] Where (u0, v0) are the chromaticity coordinates at a 0° viewing angle, and (u1, v1) are the chromaticity coordinates at the target's widest viewing angle. JNCD stands for "Just Noticeable Color Difference," meaning "the only perceptible color difference." It is a measurement standard relative to the visual sensitivity of the human eye, used to determine whether the human eye can perceive the difference between two colors. The lower the JNCD value, the higher the color accuracy of the display, and the more realistic and vivid the color effect.

[0152] In one embodiment, the touch traces between the green (G) sub-pixels and the blue (B) sub-pixels are offset. In existing display substrates, the spacing between each sub-pixel is fixed at 2a+bμm, and the width of the touch trace is fixed at bμm. By offsetting the touch traces between the G and B sub-pixels, compressing the distance to the G sub-pixel by x1μm, the distance from the touch trace to the G sub-pixel becomes a-x1μm, and the distance to the B sub-pixel becomes a+x1μm. As shown in Figure 11, compared with the color shift trajectory (Normal) of existing display substrates, the G / B offset scheme significantly optimizes the color shift trajectory from the viewing angle, reduces the green / cyan tint, and softens the color tone. As shown in Table 1, the color shift values ​​at 60° / 75° are reduced by 1.1 / 2.8 JNCD.

[0153] In another embodiment, the touch traces between the green (G) and blue (B) sub-pixels, and between the green (G) and red (R) sub-pixels, are offset. In existing display substrates, the spacing between each sub-pixel is fixed at 2a+bμm, and the touch trace width is fixed at bμm. By offsetting the touch trace between the G and B sub-pixels, compressing the distance towards the G sub-pixel by x2μm, the distance from the touch trace to the G sub-pixel is a-x2μm, and the distance to the B sub-pixel is a+x2μm. By offsetting the touch trace between the G and R sub-pixels, compressing the distance towards the G sub-pixel by y1μm, the distance from the touch trace to the G sub-pixel is a-y1μm, and the distance to the R sub-pixel is a+y1μm. As shown in Figure 12, compared with the color shift trajectory (Normal) of existing display substrates, the G / B and G / R offset schemes further approach the 0° viewing angle based on the G / B offset. As shown in Table 1, the color shift values ​​at 60° / 75° are reduced by 2.0 / 4.6 JNCD.

[0154] In another embodiment, the touch traces are widened, and the touch traces between the green (G) sub-pixels and the blue (B) sub-pixels are offset. In existing display substrates, the spacing between each sub-pixel is fixed at 2a+bμm, and the touch trace has a fixed width of bμm. The touch trace width is widened by 2z1μm, resulting in a width of b+2z1μm, and the distance from the touch trace to each sub-pixel becomes a-z1μm. Simultaneously, the touch traces between the G and B sub-pixels are offset, compressing the distance towards the G sub-pixel by x3μm. Therefore, the distance from the touch trace to the G sub-pixel is a-z1-x3μm, and the distance to the B sub-pixel is a-z1+x3μm. As shown in Figure 13, compared with the color shift trajectory (Normal) of the existing display substrate, the color shift trajectory of the touch trace widening and G / B offset scheme is similar to the 45° viewing effect at a large viewing angle, and the color shift effect is basically the same at a large viewing angle; as shown in Table 1, the color shift values ​​at 60° / 75° are significantly reduced by 2.4 / 4.8 JNCD.

[0155] Table 1. Existing display substrates and biasing solutions: maximum bias values.

[0156] As can be seen from the above embodiments, by biasing the touch traces, the monochrome brightness attenuation under different viewing angles can be changed, thus optimizing the color shift effect of the product. At the same time, it can be specially optimized according to different product effects, with low cost and high mass production capability.

[0157] In the embodiments of this disclosure, the effect of the offset of the touch trace on the color deviation trajectory can be simulated through simulation experiments, and the final offset of the touch trace can be determined based on the simulated color deviation trajectory.

[0158] The principle of improving color shift in the embodiments of this disclosure is as follows: Color shift in viewing angle is affected by the superposition of the intrinsic spectrum of the luminescent material and the microcavity spectrum of the device. As the viewing angle increases, the microcavity spectrum of the device undergoes a blue shift (i.e., shifts towards shorter wavelengths), while the intrinsic spectrum of the material is not affected by the viewing angle. The inconsistency in the intensity of the microcavity spectrum of each sub-pixel with the shift in viewing angle leads to color differences in the synthesized white light. At a certain viewing angle, the attenuation of the microcavity effect of a certain color sub-pixel is slower than that of the other two color sub-pixels, causing the visual effect at a large viewing angle to tend towards the color of that sub-pixel. If the attenuation of the microcavity effect of the green sub-pixel is weaker than that of the other two color sub-pixels at a large viewing angle, the visual effect at a large viewing angle will be greenish. By moving the touch trace closer to the green sub-pixel and further away from the red and / or blue sub-pixels, that is, by using the touch trace to block the light emitted by the green sub-pixel at more viewing angles, the effect of improving color shift is achieved.

[0159] It should be noted that if the product appears bluish or reddish at wide viewing angles, the touch traces can be shifted closer to the blue or red sub-pixels to improve the color shift.

[0160] Please refer to Table 2 and Figure 14. Table 2 shows the color shift improvement effect corresponding to the offset of the touch trace, and Figure 14 shows the changes in white light and brightness of each monochrome corresponding to the offset of the touch trace.

[0161] Table 2 shows the color shift improvement effect corresponding to the offset of the touch trace.

[0162] In Table 2 above, REF represents the existing display substrate, where the touch trace is located at the center of adjacent sub-pixels, and the distance from the adjacent red (R) sub-pixel, green (G) sub-pixel, and blue (B) sub-pixel is a μm (see Figure 15, where TMB represents the touch trace). Split2, Split3, and Split4 in Table 2 above represent display substrates with simulated touch trace offsets. See Figure 16. Taking Split3 as an example, the touch trace between the B sub-pixel and the G sub-pixel is offset towards the G sub-pixel. The distance between the B sub-pixel and the touch trace is a+2 μm (i.e., B→G in Table 2), and the distance between the G sub-pixel and the touch trace is a-2 μm (i.e., G→B in Table 2).

[0163] Please refer to Figure 17, which is a schematic diagram of the color shift trajectory of each display substrate in Table 2. As can be seen from Figure 17, the color shift trajectories of Split2, Split3, and Split4 are significantly optimized, the green / cyan tint at the viewing angle is reduced, and the color tone is softened.

[0164] Additionally, it should be noted that when simulating the offset of touch traces, the touch performance and / or the transmittance of the display substrate must be as similar as possible to the original product. For example, the offset design of the touch traces can reduce the obstruction area at the vias of the display substrate, thereby making the transmittance of the optimized display substrate basically consistent with the original product.

[0165] Table 3 shows a simulation comparison of various display substrates with different offset designs for touch traces.

[0166] Table 3 Simulation Results

[0167] In Table 3, Cm(pF) represents capacitance, ΔCm(pF) represents capacitance difference, and Cm(pF), ΔCm(pF), and ΔCm / Cm(%) all represent touch performance. Tx represents the emitter electrode trace in the touch trace, and Rx represents the receiver electrode trace in the touch trace. The parameters related to Tx and Rx in Table 3 all represent touch performance.

[0168] The simulation results show that after the touch traces are offset, the touch performance and the transmittance of the display substrate are basically the same as the original product.

[0169] Embodiments of this disclosure also provide a simulation method, including:

[0170] Step S1: Simulate and confirm the color shift trajectory of each display substrate (Split2, Split3 and Split4) and the offset scheme of the touch traces of the display substrate, as shown in Figure 18;

[0171] Step S2: Based on the simulation results of step S1, and combined with the morphology of the touch traces on the original display substrate, move the position and / or line width of the touch traces.

[0172] Step S3: After adjusting the touch traces, simulate and confirm the touch performance and / or transmittance, and make corrections until the difference between the touch performance and / or transmittance of the original product is small, and select the final optimal solution.

[0173] For example, referring to Figure 19, which is a schematic diagram of the measured results of color deviation trajectory after the touch traces of two types of display substrates are adjusted, it can be seen from Figure 19 that the influence of the touch traces of the two types of display substrates on the color deviation trajectory of the product is basically the same.

[0174] The inventors discovered through research that by offsetting the touch traces, various types of color shifts in the display substrate (such as green, red, blue, pink, and cyan) can be optimized, improving the display effect. Furthermore, since the touch layer fabrication process is in the latter half of the overall display substrate fabrication process, it has virtually no adverse impact on the structure, power consumption, and lifespan of the light-emitting devices. Therefore, at least some of the optical characteristics of the light-emitting devices, such as structure, power consumption, and lifespan, can be optimized first. Then, the offsetting design of the touch traces can reduce or even eliminate the color shift effects caused by the aforementioned optimization process, thereby improving the overall optical characteristics of the display substrate.

[0175] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a light-emitting device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and Figure 22 is a partial planar schematic diagram of a display substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0176] For example, referring to Figures 20 and 21, the display substrate may include: a substrate 200; and a light-emitting device layer located on one side of the substrate 200. For example, the light-emitting device layer may include a first electrode layer 213, a light-emitting functional layer 215, and a second electrode layer 216. For example, the first electrode layer 213 may be an anode, and the second electrode layer 216 may be a cathode.

[0177] The display substrate also includes a pixel defining layer 214 located between the first electrode layer 213 and the light-emitting functional layer 215. The pixel defining layer 214 includes a plurality of pixel defining portions 2140, which define a plurality of pixel openings VH. A plurality of sub-pixels may be located in the plurality of pixel openings VH respectively.

[0178] For example, the light-emitting functional layer 215 may include a hole injection layer 2151, a hole transport layer 2152, a first light-emitting layer 2153, a first light-emitting auxiliary layer 2154, a second light-emitting layer 2155, a second light-emitting auxiliary layer 2156, a third light-emitting layer 2157, a third light-emitting auxiliary layer 2158, an exciton blocking layer 2159, and an electron transport layer 2150.

[0179] For example, the first light-emitting layer 2153 can be used to emit light of a first wavelength, such as green light. The second light-emitting layer 2155 can be used to emit light of a second wavelength, such as red light. The third light-emitting layer 2157 can be used to emit light of a third wavelength, such as blue light.

[0180] In some embodiments, the film thickness and / or doping concentration of at least a portion of the film layers in the light-emitting device layer can be optimized and adjusted to improve one or more optical properties of the display substrate. For example, increasing the thickness of the second electrode layer 216 can reduce power consumption. For example, increasing the thickness of the first light-emitting layer 2153 and / or increasing the doping concentration of the doping material in the first light-emitting layer 2153 can improve lifetime and reduce power consumption. As another example, reducing the doping concentration of the doping material in the hole injection layer 2151 can reduce crosstalk of the display substrate at low brightness.

[0181] However, when one or more of the above optical characteristics are optimized, the luminous intensity of light-emitting units of different colors may vary, resulting in color shift of the mixed light synthesized by multiple light-emitting units, leading to large viewing angle color shift of the display substrate.

[0182] In order to take into account multiple optical characteristics of the display substrate and improve the color shift phenomenon of the display substrate, some embodiments of this disclosure, after completing the optimization of one or more of the above optical characteristics, further offset the touch traces, and use the touch traces to block the emitted light of different color light-emitting units to different degrees, thereby reducing or even eliminating the color shift effect caused by the aforementioned optimization steps and improving the overall optical characteristics of the display substrate.

[0183] By way of example, referring to Figures 20 and 22, the display substrate may further include a touch layer 222 disposed on the side of the light-emitting device layer away from the substrate. The touch layer 222 includes a plurality of touch traces 22, which are distributed in a mesh pattern and have a plurality of mesh holes.

[0184] The light-emitting device layer includes multiple repeating units, such as the one within the dashed box in Figure 22. At least some of the repeating units include multiple sub-pixels, which include a first color sub-pixel 101, a second color sub-pixel 102, and a third color sub-pixel 103. The first color sub-pixel 101 includes a first sub-pixel 1011 and a second sub-pixel 1012. The orthographic projections of the multiple sub-pixels onto the substrate are respectively located within the orthographic projection regions of the multiple mesh holes onto the substrate.

[0185] For example, the first color sub-pixel 101 is a green sub-pixel, the second color sub-pixel 102 is a red sub-pixel, and the third color sub-pixel 103 is a blue sub-pixel.

[0186] For example, the touch trace 22 may include a first sub-touch trace 2201 located between a first sub-pixel 1011 and a third color sub-pixel 103. At least a portion of the first sub-touch trace 2201 and the adjacent first sub-pixel 1011 are spaced apart by a first distance d1 in their orthogonal projections on the substrate, and at least a portion of the first sub-touch trace 2201 and the adjacent third color sub-pixel 103 are spaced apart by a second distance d2 in their orthogonal projections on the substrate. The first distance d1 and the second distance d2 are not equal.

[0187] By utilizing the offset design of the touch traces, the light emitted by the first sub-pixel 1011 and the third color sub-pixel 103 can be blocked to different degrees, thereby improving color shift.

[0188] In some embodiments, after optimizing one or more of the optical characteristics of the display substrate, such as power consumption, lifespan, low crosstalk, and high transmittance, color shift may occur, for example (green or red). By adjusting the first distance d1 and the second distance d2, the light emitted by the green light-emitting unit and the red light-emitting unit can be blocked to different degrees, thereby specifically improving the color shift effect caused by the aforementioned optimization steps and thus improving the overall optical performance of the display substrate.

[0189] For example, continuing to refer to FIG22, the touch trace 22 may include a second sub-touch trace 2202 located between the second color sub-pixel 102 and the second sub-pixel 1012. At least a portion of the second sub-touch trace 2202 and the adjacent second color sub-pixel 102 are spaced apart by a third distance d3 in their orthogonal projections on the substrate, and at least a portion of the second sub-touch trace 2202 and the adjacent second sub-pixel 1012 are spaced apart by a fourth distance d4 in their orthogonal projections on the substrate, wherein the third distance d3 and the fourth distance d4 are not equal.

[0190] In some embodiments, after optimizing one or more of the optical characteristics of the display substrate, such as power consumption, lifespan, low crosstalk, and high transmittance, color shift may occur, for example (green or blue). By adjusting the third distance d3 and the fourth distance d4, the light emitted by the green light-emitting unit and the blue light-emitting unit can be blocked to different degrees, thereby specifically improving the color shift effect caused by the aforementioned optimization steps and thus improving the overall optical performance of the display substrate.

[0191] In some embodiments, the first sub-touch trace 2201 and the second sub-touch trace 2202 can also be offset simultaneously, that is, the first distance d1 and the second distance d2 are not equal, and the third distance d3 and the fourth distance d4 are not equal, so as to optimize the color shift of the display substrate with different effects. For example, after optimizing one or more of the optical characteristics of the display substrate, such as power consumption, lifespan, low crosstalk, and high transmittance, it may cause color shift in the viewing angle, such as (red-blue, red-green, or green-blue). By adjusting the first distance d1, the second distance d2, the third distance d3, and the fourth distance d4, the light emitted by the red light-emitting unit, the green light-emitting unit, and the blue light-emitting unit can be blocked to different degrees, thereby specifically improving the color shift effect caused by the aforementioned optimization process, and thus improving the overall optical performance of the display substrate.

[0192] For example, the display substrate may further include a light extraction layer 224 and an encapsulation layer 225 located on the side of the second electrode layer 216 away from the substrate. By optimizing the light extraction layer 224 and the encapsulation layer 225, some optical characteristics of the display substrate can be improved. For example, adjusting the thickness of the light extraction layer 224 can reduce power consumption and increase lifespan. As another example, adjusting the thickness of the encapsulation layer 225 can adjust the distance between the light-emitting unit and the touch trace in the light emission direction, thereby improving the light emission angle when the light-emitting unit emits light through the touch trace, and thus adjusting the color shift trajectory.

[0193] Exemplary, in some embodiments of this disclosure, referring to FIG22, the plurality of pixel openings include a first pixel opening VH1, a second pixel opening VH2, a third pixel opening VH3, and a fourth pixel opening VH4. A first sub-pixel 1011 is located in the first pixel opening VH1, a second color sub-pixel 102 is located in the second pixel opening VH2, a third color sub-pixel 103 is located in the third pixel opening VH3, and a second sub-pixel 1012 is located in the fourth pixel opening VH4.

[0194] For example, the area of ​​the first pixel opening VH1 projected onto the substrate and the area of ​​the fourth pixel opening VH4 projected onto the substrate are substantially equal.

[0195] For example, the ratio of the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the second pixel opening VH2 onto the substrate to the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the first pixel opening VH1 onto the substrate is in the range of 1 to 2.

[0196] For example, the ratio of the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the third pixel opening VH3 onto the substrate to the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the first pixel opening VH1 onto the substrate is greater than or equal to 2.

[0197] In some embodiments, the proportion of different colors of light in the mixed light can be adjusted by regulating the orthogonal projection area of ​​the pixel apertures corresponding to sub-pixels of different colors onto the substrate. For example, the proportion of green light in the mixed light is 65%–75%, the proportion of red light is 20%–24%, and the proportion of blue light is 6%–10%.

[0198] Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of a symmetrical touch trace design according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of a touch trace offset design according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and Figure 25 is a comparison diagram of the comprehensive optical characteristics of different display substrates according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0199] For example, referring to Figures 23-25, embodiments of this disclosure provide a reference display substrate Normal, a first optimized display substrate Split1, and a second optimized display substrate Split2. The first optimized display substrate Split1, based on the reference display substrate Normal, optimizes one or more optical characteristics of the display substrate, such as lifetime, power consumption, transmittance, and low crosstalk, by adjusting the thickness or doping concentration of at least a portion of the film layers in the light-emitting device layer. The second optimized display substrate Split2, based on the first optimized display substrate Split1, performs an offset design for the touch traces.

[0200] For example, referring to FIG23, the reference display substrate Normal may include a substrate 200, a first electrode layer 213, a pixel defining layer 214, a light-emitting functional layer 215, a second electrode layer 216, an encapsulation layer 225, a touch layer 222, and a protective layer 226. Based on the device structure of the reference display substrate Normal, the first optimized display substrate Split1 is optimized and adjusted. For example, the first optimized display substrate Split1 may optimize and adjust a portion of the film layers in the light-emitting functional layer 215 and the second electrode layer 216, such as thickening the second electrode layer 216 to reduce power consumption, and optimizing the thickness of at least a portion of the film layers in the light-emitting functional layer 215 and the doping concentration of the doped material in at least a portion of the film layers to reduce power consumption and improve lifetime. The touch traces in both the reference display substrate Normal and the first optimized display substrate Split1 adopt a symmetrical design; for example, as shown in FIG23, the spacing between the red sub-pixel R, the green sub-pixel G, and the blue sub-pixel B and the adjacent touch traces is equal. Referring to Figure 25, after the first optimized display substrate Split1 is optimized based on the reference display substrate Normal, many optical characteristics such as lifespan and low power consumption are improved. However, the viewing angle performance is degraded (for example, severe wide-viewing angle distortion).

[0201] Referring to Figures 24 and 25, the second optimized display substrate Split2, based on the first optimized display substrate Split1, incorporates an offset design for the touch traces 22. For example, the touch trace located between the red sub-pixel R and the green sub-pixel G is offset towards the green sub-pixel, and / or, the touch trace located between the blue sub-pixel B and the green sub-pixel G is offset towards the green sub-pixel. This offset design of the touch traces allows for targeted adjustment of the light emission from sub-pixels of different colors, thereby optimizing the viewing angle of the display substrate while having minimal impact on optical performance aspects such as lifespan, power consumption, transmittance, and low crosstalk. This design enhances the overall optical characteristics of the display substrate.

[0202] In some embodiments, one or more of the optical characteristics of the display substrate, such as lifespan, power consumption, low crosstalk, and transmittance, can be optimized. Then, the offset design of the touch traces can be used to improve the color deviation and reduced transmittance caused by the aforementioned optimization, thereby improving the overall optical characteristics of the display substrate.

[0203] For example, in some embodiments of this disclosure, the film thickness and doping concentration of at least one of the red, green and blue light-emitting layers are optimized and adjusted. For example, referring to FIG21, the thickness of the first light-emitting layer 2153 is increased, and / or the doping concentration of the doped material in the first light-emitting layer 2153 is increased, thereby improving the lifespan of the display substrate. The viewing angle distortion and viewing angle brightness degradation caused by this optimization step are further improved by the offset design of the touch traces.

[0204] The following embodiments will compare and illustrate the power consumption, lifetime, brightness, and color shift trajectory, among other optical characteristics, of three different display substrates: a reference display substrate (Normal), a first optimized display substrate (Split1), and a second optimized display substrate (Split2). The touch traces in the reference display substrate (Normal) and the first optimized display substrate (Split1) both employ a symmetrical design. Compared to the reference display substrate (Normal), the first optimized display substrate (Split1) has optimized designs in terms of the thickness and doping concentration of some film layers. The second optimized display substrate (Split2) is structurally identical to the first optimized display substrate (Split1) in all other aspects, except that the touch traces in the second optimized display substrate (Split2) are offset, while the touch traces in the first optimized display substrate (Split1) are symmetrically designed.

[0205] For example, in some embodiments, compared to the reference display substrate Normal, the first optimized display substrate Split1 adopts an optimized scheme that increases the thickness of the green light-emitting layer and increases the doping concentration of the doped material in the green light-emitting layer.

[0206] Figure 26 is a partial planar schematic diagram of the second optimized display substrate Split2 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 27 is a comparison diagram of power consumption and lifespan of three different display substrates—reference display substrate Normal, first optimized display substrate Split1, and second optimized display substrate Split2—according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 28 is a comparison diagram of color shift trajectory of three different display substrates—reference display substrate Normal, first optimized display substrate Split1, and second optimized display substrate Split2—according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 29 is a comparison diagram of viewing angle brightness of three different display substrates—reference display substrate Normal, first optimized display substrate Split1, and second optimized display substrate Split2—according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 30 is a comparison diagram of the illumination level of the green light-emitting unit of three different display substrates—reference display substrate Normal, first optimized display substrate Split1, and second optimized display substrate Split2—according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0207] In Figure 27, “Power” represents power consumption and “Lifetime” represents lifespan; in Figure 29, “ViewAngle” represents viewing angle and “Luminance” represents brightness; in Figure 30, “Gray” represents grayscale and “Lum” represents brightness.

[0208] For example, the light-emitting functional layer of the reference display substrate Normal includes: G-EML (30nm, 8%) / GPrime (40nm), wherein G-EML is a green light-emitting layer with a thickness of about 30 nanometers and the doping concentration of the doped material in G-EML is about 8%; and GPrime is a green light-emitting auxiliary layer with a thickness of about 40 nanometers.

[0209] The first optimized display substrate Split1 comprises: G-EML (33nm, 10%) / GPrime (37nm). That is, compared to the reference display substrate Normal, the thickness of the G-EML in the first optimized display substrate Split1 is increased by approximately 3 nanometers (from 30 nanometers to 33 nanometers), the doping concentration of the dopant material in the G-EML is increased by 2% (from 8% to 10%), and the thickness of the G Prime is reduced by approximately 3 nanometers (from 40 nanometers to 37 nanometers), thus ensuring a relatively consistent overall thickness. By increasing the film thickness of the G-EML and increasing the doping concentration of the dopant material in the G-EML, the luminous efficiency of the green light-emitting unit can be improved, power consumption reduced, and lifespan extended. However, this adjustment may result in an excessively high proportion of green light in the mixed light at a wide viewing angle, for example, exceeding 75%, thus causing the display substrate to appear greenish.

[0210] The second optimized display substrate Split2 has the same structure as the first optimized display substrate Split1, but the touch traces are offset. For example, referring to FIG26, the touch trace 22 may include a first sub-touch trace 2201 located between the first sub-pixel 1011 and the third color sub-pixel 103. The first sub-touch trace 2201 and the adjacent first sub-pixel 1011 are spaced apart by a first distance d1 on the substrate, and the first sub-touch trace 2201 and the adjacent third color sub-pixel 103 are spaced apart by a second distance d2 on the substrate, wherein the first distance d1 is smaller than the second distance d2. For example, the spacing between adjacent pixel openings is approximately 19 micrometers, the linewidth of the touch trace is approximately 3 micrometers, the first distance d1 is approximately 6.5 micrometers, and the second distance d2 is approximately 9.5 micrometers.

[0211] The touch trace 22 may further include a second sub-touch trace 2202 located between the second color sub-pixel 102 and the second sub-pixel 1012. The second sub-touch trace 2202 and the adjacent second color sub-pixel 102 are spaced apart by a third distance d3 on their orthogonal projections onto the substrate, and a fourth distance d4 is spaced apart between their orthogonal projections onto the substrate. The third distance d3 and the fourth distance d4 are substantially equal. For example, both the third distance d3 and the fourth distance d4 are approximately 8 micrometers.

[0212] It should be noted that in the embodiments of this disclosure, "substantially equal" means that the ratio of the two distances is in the range of 0.8-1.2.

[0213] For example, the first sub-pixel 1011 and the second sub-pixel 1012 are green sub-pixels, the second color sub-pixel 102 is a red sub-pixel, and the third color sub-pixel 103 is a blue sub-pixel.

[0214] By offsetting the touch traces, the touch traces located between the green and blue sub-pixels can be moved closer to the green sub-pixels, thereby providing greater coverage of the green sub-pixels and improving the greenish tint of the display substrate.

[0215] Table 4 compares the main optical characteristics of three display substrates: the reference display substrate Normal, the first optimized display substrate Split1, and the second optimized display substrate Split2. "Power" represents power consumption, "Lifetime" represents lifespan, and "Colorshift" represents the color shift value.

[0216] Referring to Figure 27 and Table 4, it can be found that compared with the reference display substrate Normal, the power consumption of the first optimized display substrate Split1 is reduced by about 3% and the lifespan is increased by about 14%. The power consumption of the second optimized display substrate Split2 is reduced by about 2% and the lifespan is increased by about 13%. The power consumption and lifespan performance of the second optimized display substrate Split2 and the first optimized display substrate Split1 are basically the same, and both have been significantly improved compared with the reference display substrate Normal.

[0217] Referring to Figure 28 and Table 4, it can be found that compared with the reference display substrate Normal, the color shift values ​​at 60° / 75° viewing angle of the first optimized display substrate Split1 decreased by about 0.3 / 0.3 JNCD, and the color shift values ​​at 60° / 75° viewing angle of the second optimized display substrate Split2 decreased by about 1.3 / 2.9 JNCD. The color shift performance of the first optimized display substrate Split1 and the reference display substrate Normal is basically the same at a wide viewing angle. Compared with the first optimized display substrate Split1, the color shift value of the second optimized display substrate Split2 is significantly reduced at a wide viewing angle, indicating that the color shift performance of the second optimized display substrate Split2 at a wide viewing angle has been improved.

[0218] Referring to Figure 29, it can be seen that the viewing angle brightness level of the first optimized display substrate Split1 is worse than that of the reference display substrate Normal, while the second optimized display substrate Split2 utilizes an asymmetrical design of touch traces, and its viewing angle brightness level is basically the same as that of the reference display substrate Normal.

[0219] Referring to Figure 30, it can be observed that there is no significant difference in the illumination level of the green (G) subpixel under ultra-low brightness conditions among the three display substrates: the reference display substrate Normal, the first optimized display substrate Split1, and the second optimized display substrate Split2.

[0220] Table 4 Comparison of the main optical properties of various display substrates

[0221] In some embodiments of this disclosure, by employing a scheme that combines at least a portion of the film thickness optimization and / or doping concentration optimization in the light-emitting functional layer with touch trace offset design, the lifespan of the display substrate can be improved, power consumption reduced, and color shift improved, thereby enhancing the overall optical characteristics of the display substrate.

[0222] Exemplarily, in some embodiments, the light-emitting functional layer includes a first light-emitting layer configured to emit light of a first wavelength, such as green light. The doping concentration of the doped material in the first light-emitting layer is greater than or equal to 10%; and / or, the thickness of the first light-emitting layer is greater than or equal to 33 nanometers in a first direction, which is parallel to the light emission direction of the display substrate. At least some touch traces employ an offset design, for example, a first distance d1 is less than a second distance d2, and third and fourth distances d3 and d4 are substantially equal.

[0223] Optimizing the thickness of the first light-emitting layer and / or the doping concentration of the doped material in the first light-emitting layer can improve the lifespan of the display substrate and reduce power consumption. For color shift degradation (e.g., green tint) resulting from optimizing the thickness of the first light-emitting layer and / or the doping concentration of the doped material in the first light-emitting layer, a touch trace offset design can be adopted. For example, adjusting the first distance d1 to be smaller than the second distance d2 makes the first sub-touch trace closer to the green sub-pixel, thereby providing greater coverage of the green sub-pixel, which helps improve the green tint of the display substrate and enhances the overall optical characteristics of the display substrate.

[0224] For example, in some embodiments, compared to the reference display substrate Normal, the first optimized display substrate Split1 employs an optimized scheme with thickened cathode. Compared to the first optimized display substrate Split1, the second optimized display substrate Split2 employs an optimized scheme with offset touch traces.

[0225] Figure 31 is a partial planar schematic diagram of the second optimized display substrate Split2 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 32 is a comparison diagram of power consumption and lifespan of three different display substrates: the reference display substrate Normal, the first optimized display substrate Split1, and the second optimized display substrate Split2 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 33 is a comparison diagram of color shift trajectory of three different display substrates: the reference display substrate Normal, the first optimized display substrate Split1, and the second optimized display substrate Split2 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 34 is a comparison diagram of viewing angle brightness of three different display substrates: the reference display substrate Normal, the first optimized display substrate Split1, and the second optimized display substrate Split2 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0226] In Figure 32, “Power” represents power consumption, “Lifetime” represents lifespan, “Tr%@550nm” represents the light transmittance at 550 nm, and “Tr%@940nm” represents the light transmittance at 940 nm; in Figure 34, “View Angle” represents the viewing angle, and “Luminance” represents the brightness.

[0227] For example, the thickness of the second electrode layer (cathode) of the reference display substrate Normal is about 14 nanometers.

[0228] The thickness of the second electrode layer (cathode) of the first optimized display substrate Split1 is approximately 16 nanometers. That is, compared to the reference display substrate Normal, the thickness of the second electrode layer of the first optimized display substrate Split1 is increased by approximately 2 nanometers (from 14 nanometers to 16 nanometers). Increasing the thickness of the second electrode layer improves its conductivity, thereby reducing power consumption and increasing lifespan. However, increasing the thickness of the second electrode layer may lead to a decrease in its transmittance. Since green light typically constitutes the largest proportion of the mixed light in a display substrate (e.g., green light intensity accounts for approximately 65%–75% of the mixed light), a decrease in the transmittance of the second electrode layer has the greatest impact on green light, resulting in color shifts (e.g., a reddish-blue tint) in the display substrate.

[0229] The second optimized display substrate Split2 has the same structure as the first optimized display substrate Split1, but the touch traces are offset. For example, referring to FIG31, the touch trace 22 may include a first sub-touch trace 2201 located between the first sub-pixel 1011 and the third color sub-pixel 103. The first sub-touch trace 2201 and the adjacent first sub-pixel 1011 are spaced apart by a first distance d1 on the substrate, and the first sub-touch trace 2201 and the adjacent third color sub-pixel 103 are spaced apart by a second distance d2 on the substrate, wherein the first distance d1 is greater than the second distance d2. For example, the spacing between adjacent pixel openings is approximately 19 micrometers, the linewidth of the touch trace is approximately 3 micrometers, the first distance d1 is approximately 9 micrometers, and the second distance d2 is approximately 7 micrometers.

[0230] The touch trace 22 may further include a second sub-touch trace 2202 located between the second color sub-pixel 102 and the second sub-pixel 1012. The second sub-touch trace 2202 and the adjacent second color sub-pixel 102 are spaced apart by a third distance d3 on the substrate, and a fourth distance d4 is spaced between their projections on the substrate. The third distance d3 is smaller than the fourth distance d4. For example, the third distance d3 is approximately 7.5 micrometers, and the fourth distance d4 is approximately 8.5 micrometers.

[0231] For example, the first sub-pixel 1011 and the second sub-pixel 1012 are green sub-pixels, the second color sub-pixel 102 is a red sub-pixel, and the third color sub-pixel 103 is a blue sub-pixel.

[0232] By offsetting the touch traces, such as shifting the touch traces located between the green and blue sub-pixels towards the blue sub-pixels, and shifting the touch traces located between the green and red sub-pixels towards the red sub-pixels, the blue and red sub-pixels can be blocked to a greater extent, thus improving the red-blue bias of the display substrate.

[0233] Table 5 compares the main optical characteristics of three display substrates: the reference display substrate Normal, the first optimized display substrate Split1, and the second optimized display substrate Split2. Here, "Power" represents power consumption, "Lifetime" represents lifespan, and "Colorshift" represents the color shift value.

[0234] Referring to Figure 32 and Table 5, it can be found that compared with the reference display substrate Normal, the power consumption of the first optimized display substrate Split1 is reduced by about 4% and the lifespan is increased by about 5%. The power consumption of the second optimized display substrate Split2 is reduced by about 4% and the lifespan is increased by about 6%. The power consumption and lifespan performance of the second optimized display substrate Split2 and the first optimized display substrate Split1 are basically the same, and both have been significantly improved compared with the reference display substrate Normal.

[0235] Referring to Figure 33 and Table 5, it can be observed that the subjective visual effect of the first optimized display substrate Split1 is basically consistent with that of the reference display substrate Normal. The color shift value of the second optimized display substrate Split2 decreases by approximately 0.6 JNCD at a viewing angle of 75°. The color shift value of the second optimized display substrate Split2 changes less within a small viewing angle range, for example, the color shift value changes less within a viewing angle range of 0° to 30°, and the visual effect tends to be monotonous. Since the human eye prefers cooler colors, the subjective experience of the second optimized display substrate Split2 is better.

[0236] Referring to Figure 34, the viewing angle brightness performance of the first optimized display substrate Split1 and the reference display substrate Normal is basically the same. The viewing angle brightness performance of the second optimized display substrate Split2 is slightly improved compared to the reference display substrate Normal.

[0237] Table 5 Comparison of the main optical properties of various display substrates

[0238] In some embodiments, while thickening the second electrode layer reduces the power consumption and improves the lifespan of the display substrate, it also reduces transmittance, resulting in decreased transmittance in areas containing via structures (such as fingerprint holes and ambient light holes) in the display substrate. Referring to FIG32, some embodiments of this disclosure can also offset the touch traces located in the via structure areas to reduce the area of ​​metal traces blocking the via regions, thereby improving the via transmittance of the display substrate and enhancing the overall optical performance of the display product. For example, compared to the first optimized display substrate Split1, the second optimized display substrate Split2 has a 0.05% increase in transmittance for 550 nm light (e.g., from 0.92% to 0.97%) and a 0.2% increase in transmittance for 940 nm light (e.g., from 1.49% to 1.69%).

[0239] In some embodiments, referring back to FIG24, the second electrode layer 216 has a first thickness h1 in the first direction Z, and the touch layer has a second thickness h2 in the first direction Z. Exemplarily, the first thickness h1 is smaller than the second thickness h2. For example, the first thickness h1 is in the range of 10 nanometers to 20 nanometers, and the second thickness h2 is approximately 400 nanometers. The first direction Z is parallel to the light emission direction of the display substrate.

[0240] For example, the ratio of the first thickness h1 to the second thickness h2 is in the range of 0.035 to 0.05. For instance, the first thickness h1 is in the range of 14 nanometers to 20 nanometers, and the second thickness h2 is approximately 400 nanometers. For example, the first thickness h1 is approximately 14 nanometers, 16 nanometers, 17 nanometers, 19 nanometers, or 20 nanometers.

[0241] In some embodiments, increasing the thickness of the second electrode layer can reduce the power consumption of the display substrate and improve its lifespan. At the same time, by utilizing the offset design of the touch traces, color shift can be improved and the transmittance of the vias can be increased, thereby improving the overall optical performance of the display substrate.

[0242] For example, the first thickness h1 is in the range of 16 nanometers to 20 nanometers, the first distance d1 is greater than the second distance d2, and the third distance d3 is less than the fourth distance d4. Increasing the first thickness h1 causes the display substrate to have a reddish-blue tint. By shifting the first sub-touch trace away from the green sub-pixel and the second sub-touch trace away from the green sub-pixel, the obstruction of light emitted from the green sub-pixel by the touch trace can be reduced, thereby increasing the proportion of green light in the mixed light and improving the reddish-blue tint of the display substrate.

[0243] For example, the difference between the first distance d1 and the second distance d2 is greater than the difference between the fourth distance d4 and the third distance d3. For instance, the first distance d1 is approximately 9 micrometers, the second distance d2 is approximately 7 micrometers, the third distance d3 is approximately 7.5 micrometers, and the fourth distance d4 is approximately 8.5 micrometers.

[0244] In some embodiments, the offset of touch traces located between different sub-pixels can be differentiated by combining the color shift trajectory of the display substrate, thereby achieving a better color shift optimization effect.

[0245] Referring back to FIG21, the display substrate may include a light extraction layer 224, which may be located between the second electrode layer 216 and the encapsulation layer 225. Exemplarily, the light extraction layer 224 may include a high refractive index material, which can reduce the probability of total internal reflection of emitted light at the film interface, thereby improving the light extraction efficiency of the display substrate, reducing power consumption, and extending lifespan.

[0246] In some embodiments, compared to the reference display substrate Normal, the first optimized display substrate Split1 optimizes the thickness h3 of the light extraction layer. Compared to the first optimized display substrate Split1, the second optimized display substrate Split2 adopts an optimized scheme for touch trace offset.

[0247] Figure 35 is a partial planar schematic diagram of the second optimized display substrate Split2 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 36 is a comparison diagram of power consumption and lifespan of three different display substrates—reference display substrate Normal, first optimized display substrate Split1, and second optimized display substrate Split2—according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 37 is a comparison diagram of color shift trajectory of three different display substrates—reference display substrate Normal, first optimized display substrate Split1, and second optimized display substrate Split2—according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 38 is a comparison diagram of viewing angle brightness of three different display substrates—reference display substrate Normal, first optimized display substrate Split1, and second optimized display substrate Split2—according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0248] In Figure 36, “Power” represents power consumption and “Lifetime” represents lifespan; in Figure 38, “ViewAngle” represents viewing angle and “Luminance” represents brightness.

[0249] For example, the thickness of the light extraction layer of the reference display substrate is about 80 nanometers.

[0250] The thickness of the light extraction layer in the first optimized display substrate Split1 is approximately 70 nanometers. That is, compared to the reference display substrate Normal, the thickness of the light extraction layer in the first optimized display substrate Split1 is reduced by approximately 10 nanometers (from 80 nanometers to 70 nanometers). By reducing the thickness of the light extraction layer, the propagation path of different wavelengths of light in the light extraction layer can be changed, optimizing the light extraction efficiency, thereby reducing the power consumption of the display substrate and increasing its lifespan. However, since different wavelengths of light have different refractive indices in the light extraction layer, the effect of adjusting different wavelengths of light varies when the thickness of the light extraction layer changes. For example, when the light extraction layer is thinned, the enhancement ratio for blue light is less than that for green light, and the enhancement ratio for green light is less than that for red light, which may lead to color shifts (e.g., a reddish-green tint) in the display substrate.

[0251] The second optimized display substrate Split2 has the same structure as the first optimized display substrate Split1, but the touch traces are offset. For example, referring to FIG35, the touch trace 22 may include a first sub-touch trace 2201 located between the first sub-pixel 1011 and the third color sub-pixel 103. The first sub-touch trace 2201 and the adjacent first sub-pixel 1011 are spaced apart by a first distance d1 on the substrate, and the first sub-touch trace 2201 and the adjacent third color sub-pixel 103 are spaced apart by a second distance d2 on the substrate, where the first distance d1 is smaller than the second distance d2. For example, the spacing between adjacent pixel openings is approximately 20 micrometers, the linewidth of the touch trace is approximately 3 micrometers, the first distance d1 is approximately 7.5 micrometers, and the second distance d2 is approximately 9.5 micrometers.

[0252] The touch trace 22 may further include a second sub-touch trace 2202 located between the second color sub-pixel 102 and the second sub-pixel 1012. The second sub-touch trace 2202 and the adjacent second color sub-pixel 102 are spaced apart by a third distance d3 on the substrate, and a fourth distance d4 is spaced apart by the same distance. The third distance d3 is smaller than the fourth distance d4. For example, the third distance d3 is approximately 7.5 micrometers, and the fourth distance d4 is approximately 9.5 micrometers. This design allows for greater masking of the green and red sub-pixels using the touch trace, thereby improving the red-green tint of the display substrate.

[0253] Table 6 compares the main optical characteristics of three display substrates: the reference display substrate Normal, the first optimized display substrate Split1, and the second optimized display substrate Split2. "Power" represents power consumption, "Lifetime" represents lifespan, and "Colorshift" represents the color shift value.

[0254] Referring to Figure 36 and Table 6, it can be found that compared with the reference display substrate Normal, the power consumption of the first optimized display substrate Split1 is reduced by about 5% and the lifespan is increased by about 4%. The power consumption of the second optimized display substrate Split2 is reduced by about 5% and the lifespan is increased by about 5%. The power consumption and lifespan performance of the second optimized display substrate Split2 and the first optimized display substrate Split1 are basically the same, and both have been significantly improved compared with the reference display substrate Normal.

[0255] Referring to Figure 37 and Table 6, it can be observed that the large viewing angle color deviation value of the first optimized display substrate Split1 is basically consistent with that of the reference display substrate Normal. The second optimized display substrate Split2 shows a decrease in the 75° viewing angle color deviation value of approximately 1 JNCD. The second optimized display substrate Split2, through its offset design of the touch traces, reduces the proportion of red light emitted from the viewing angle, minimizing the risk of pinking at small viewing angles. Furthermore, the overall color tone is soft and smoothly varied within the entire viewing angle, falling within the subjectively comfortable cool color gamut, resulting in better subjective visual effects.

[0256] Referring to Figure 38, there is no significant difference in viewing angle brightness performance among the three display substrates: Normal, the first optimized display substrate Split1, and the second optimized display substrate Split2.

[0257] Table 6 Comparison of the main optical properties of various display substrates

[0258] In some embodiments, the plurality of sub-pixels may include a first color sub-pixel, a second color sub-pixel, and a third color sub-pixel. The first color sub-pixel is configured to emit light of a first wavelength, the second color sub-pixel is configured to emit light of a second wavelength, and the third color sub-pixel is configured to emit light of a third wavelength, wherein the first wavelength is shorter than the second wavelength and the third wavelength is longer than the third wavelength. For example, the first wavelength of light is green light, the second wavelength of light is red light, and the third wavelength of light is blue light.

[0259] The display substrate also includes a light extraction layer located between the light-emitting device layer and the touch layer. The refractive index of the second wavelength light in the light extraction layer is less than that of the first wavelength light in the light extraction layer, and the refractive index of the first wavelength light in the light extraction layer is less than that of the third wavelength light in the light extraction layer.

[0260] Referring to Figures 21 and 35, the thickness h3 of the light extraction layer 224 in the first direction Z is less than or equal to 70 nanometers, and the first direction is parallel to the light emission direction of the display substrate; and the first distance d1 is less than the second distance d2, and the third distance d3 is less than the fourth distance d4. Optimizing the thickness of the light extraction layer can reduce the power consumption of the display substrate and improve its lifespan. The offset design of the touch traces can improve the color shift degradation caused by the change in the thickness of the light extraction layer, thereby improving the overall optical characteristics of the display substrate.

[0261] For example, the difference between the second distance d2 and the first distance d1 is substantially equal to the difference between the fourth distance d4 and the third distance d3. For instance, the first distance d1 is approximately 7.5 micrometers, the second distance d2 is approximately 9.5 micrometers, the third distance d3 is approximately 7.5 micrometers, and the fourth distance d4 is approximately 9.5 micrometers.

[0262] For example, the light-emitting functional layer includes a P-type doped layer located on the side of the first light-emitting layer closest to the substrate. For instance, referring to FIG21, the P-type doped layer may include a hole injection layer 2151, located on the side of the first light-emitting layer 2153, the second light-emitting layer 2155, and the third light-emitting layer 2157 closest to the substrate. Since the P-type doped layer is a common layer, when the doping concentration in the P-type doped layer is high, the lateral transport capability of charge carriers in the P-type doped layer is enhanced, which may lead to crosstalk between adjacent sub-pixels. For example, a high P-type doping concentration may cause red sub-pixels to have no brightness at low gray levels, and green sub-pixels to lose brightness at low gray levels, resulting in low activation gray levels for both red and green sub-pixels.

[0263] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the doping concentration of the P-type doped layer can be optimized, for example, by reducing the doping concentration of the dopant material in the P-type doped layer. To compensate for the power consumption reduction resulting from the reduced doping concentration of the P-type doped layer, some film layers in the light-emitting device layer can also be optimized simultaneously, for example, by increasing the thickness of the green light-emitting layer and / or increasing the doping concentration of the dopant material in the green light-emitting layer. Furthermore, the color shift effect caused by the aforementioned optimization steps can be mitigated by utilizing the offset design of the touch traces.

[0264] Figure 39 is a partial planar schematic diagram of the second optimized display substrate Split2 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 40 is a comparison diagram of power consumption and lifespan of three different display substrates—reference display substrate Normal, first optimized display substrate Split1, and second optimized display substrate Split2—according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 41 is a comparison diagram of color shift trajectories of three different display substrates—reference display substrate Normal, first optimized display substrate Split1, and second optimized display substrate Split2—according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 42 is a comparison diagram of viewing angle brightness of three different display substrates—reference display substrate Normal, first optimized display substrate Split1, and second optimized display substrate Split2—according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 43 is a comparison diagram of grayscale activation of red sub-pixels of three different display substrates—reference display substrate Normal, first optimized display substrate Split1, and second optimized display substrate Split2—according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 44 is a comparison diagram of grayscale activation of green sub-pixels of three different display substrates—reference display substrate Normal, first optimized display substrate Split1, and second optimized display substrate Split2—according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0265] In Figure 40, “Power” represents power consumption and “Lifetime” represents lifespan; in Figure 42, “View Angle” represents viewing angle and “Luminance” represents brightness; in Figures 43 and 44, “Gray” represents grayscale and “Lum” represents brightness.

[0266] For example, the light-emitting functional layer of the reference display substrate Normal includes: PD (0.4%), G-EML (32nm, 6%) / G Prime (42nm). PD is a P-type doped layer with a doping concentration of approximately 0.4%; G-EML is a green light-emitting layer with a thickness of approximately 32 nm, the doping concentration of the doped material in G-EML is approximately 6%, and G Prime is a green light-emitting auxiliary layer with a thickness of approximately 42 nm.

[0267] The first optimized display substrate Split1 comprises: PD (0.2%), G-EML (34nm, 10%), and GPrime (40nm). That is, compared to the reference display substrate Normal, the first optimized display substrate Split1 has a 0.2% lower doping concentration in the PD, an approximately 2nm thicker G-EML (from 32nm to 34nm), a 4% higher doping concentration in the G-EML (from 6% to 10%), and an approximately 2nm thinner GPrime (from 42nm to 40nm), thus ensuring a relatively consistent overall thickness. Reducing the doping concentration in the P-type doped layer can reduce crosstalk between different sub-pixels. Increasing the G-EML film thickness and the doping concentration in the G-EML can improve the luminous efficiency of the green light-emitting unit, reduce power consumption, and extend lifespan. However, this adjustment may result in an excessively high proportion of green light in the mixed light, for example, exceeding 75%, thus causing the display substrate to appear greenish.

[0268] The second optimized display substrate Split2 has the same structure as the first optimized display substrate Split1, but the touch traces are offset. For example, referring to FIG39, the touch trace 22 may include a first sub-touch trace 2201 located between the first sub-pixel 1011 and the third color sub-pixel 103. The first sub-touch trace 2201 and the adjacent first sub-pixel 1011 are spaced apart by a first distance d1 on the substrate, and the first sub-touch trace 2201 and the adjacent third color sub-pixel 103 are spaced apart by a second distance d2 on the substrate, wherein the first distance d1 is smaller than the second distance d2. For example, the spacing between adjacent pixel openings is approximately 20 micrometers, the linewidth of the touch trace is approximately 3 micrometers, the first distance d1 is approximately 7.5 micrometers, and the second distance d2 is approximately 9.5 micrometers.

[0269] The touch trace 22 may further include a second sub-touch trace 2202 located between the second color sub-pixel 102 and the second sub-pixel 1012. The second sub-touch trace 2202 and the adjacent second color sub-pixel 102 are spaced apart by a third distance d3 on their orthogonal projections onto the substrate, and a fourth distance d4 is spaced apart between their orthogonal projections onto the substrate. The third distance d3 and the fourth distance d4 are substantially equal. For example, both the third distance d3 and the fourth distance d4 are approximately 8.5 micrometers.

[0270] It should be noted that the phrase "substantially equal" in this disclosure means that the ratio of the two distances is in the range of 0.8-1.2.

[0271] By offsetting the touch traces, the touch traces located between the green and blue sub-pixels can be moved closer to the green sub-pixels, thereby providing greater coverage of the green sub-pixels and improving the greenish tint of the display substrate.

[0272] Table 7 compares the main optical characteristics of three display substrates: the reference display substrate Normal, the first optimized display substrate Split1, and the second optimized display substrate Split2. "Power" represents power consumption, "Lifetime" represents lifespan, and "Colorshift" represents the color shift value.

[0273] Referring to Figure 40 and Table 7, it can be found that compared with the reference display substrate Normal, the power consumption of the first optimized display substrate Split1 is reduced by about 3% and the lifespan is increased by about 12%. The power consumption of the second optimized display substrate Split2 is reduced by about 2% and the lifespan is increased by about 10%. The power consumption and lifespan performance of the second optimized display substrate Split2 and the first optimized display substrate Split1 are basically the same, and both have been significantly improved compared with the reference display substrate Normal.

[0274] Referring to Figure 41 and Table 7, it can be observed that compared to the reference display substrate Normal, the first optimized display substrate Split1 has a risk of pinking at small viewing angles, while the second optimized display substrate Split2 shows a decrease in color offset values ​​at 60° / 75° viewing angles of approximately 0.9 / 1.9 JNCD. The second optimized display substrate Split2, through the offset design of the touch traces, reduces the proportion of green light emitted at large viewing angles, significantly mitigating the green / cyan phenomenon at large viewing angles. Furthermore, within the viewing angle, it remains within a subjectively suitable cool color gamut with smooth color transitions, resulting in a better display effect.

[0275] Referring to Figure 42, it can be seen that the viewing angle brightness level of the first optimized display substrate Split1 is worse than that of the reference display substrate Normal, while the second optimized display substrate Split2 utilizes an asymmetrical design of touch traces, and its viewing angle brightness level is basically the same as that of the reference display substrate Normal.

[0276] Referring to Figures 43 and 44, it can be observed that compared to the reference display substrate Normal, the activation grayscale of the red and green sub-pixels of the first optimized display substrate Split1 is significantly optimized (i.e., brightness is increased at the same grayscale). Here, "activation grayscale" represents the brightness of the sub-pixel under activation voltage. The activation grayscale of the red and green sub-pixels of the second optimized display substrate Split2 is basically consistent with that of the red and green sub-pixels of the first optimized display substrate Split1.

[0277] Table 7 Comparison of the main optical properties of various display substrates

[0278] For example, the concentration of dopant material in the P-type doped layer is less than or equal to 0.2%; and the difference between the second distance d2 and the first distance d1 is in the range of 2 micrometers to 3 micrometers. This design reduces crosstalk in the display substrate while improving color shift, thereby enhancing the overall optical properties of the display substrate.

[0279] For example, referring back to FIG22, the pixel defining portion has a first width D1 in the second direction X2. For example, the first width D1 of the pixel defining portion is equal to the spacing distance between two adjacent pixel openings (e.g., the first color sub-pixel 101 and the third color sub-pixel 103) in the second direction X2. The second direction X2 is parallel to the direction from the first color sub-pixel 101 to the third color sub-pixel 103.

[0280] For example, the first width D1 is in the range of 17 micrometers to 26 micrometers.

[0281] For example, the touch trace 22 has a second width D2, and the ratio of the first width D1 to the second width D2 is greater than or equal to 2.5 and less than or equal to 15. This design ensures a large spacing between adjacent sub-pixels and a small width of the touch trace, thereby ensuring sufficient space for offset design of the touch trace, which is beneficial to improving the ability of the touch trace to adjust color shift.

[0282] For example, the second width D2 is in the range of 2 micrometers to 6 micrometers. This design ensures good light shielding for the touch traces and also makes them less visible to the human eye, thus improving the display effect of the display substrate.

[0283] For example, the ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the first distance d1 and the second distance d2 to the first width D1 is in the range of 0.018 to 0.21. For instance, the absolute value of the difference between the first distance d1 and the second distance d2 is in the range of 0.5 micrometers to 3.5 micrometers. The first width D1 is in the range of 17 micrometers to 26 micrometers. This design improves the light-shielding adjustment effect of the touch traces.

[0284] For example, the ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the third distance d3 and the fourth distance d4 to the first width D1 is in the range of 0.018 to 0.21. For instance, the absolute value of the difference between the third distance d3 and the fourth distance d4 is in the range of 0.5 micrometers to 3.5 micrometers. The first width D1 is in the range of 17 micrometers to 26 micrometers. This design improves the light-shielding adjustment effect of the touch traces.

[0285] In some embodiments, sub-pixels of different colors have different pixel aperture areas. Adjusting the spacing between the touch traces and the light-emitting functional layer in a first direction can produce different adjustment effects on the light emission angle of different sub-pixels. The first direction is parallel to the light emission direction of the display substrate. Therefore, by adjusting the spacing between the touch traces and the light-emitting functional layer in the first direction, the light emission angle of different sub-pixels can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the color shift trajectory of the display substrate.

[0286] Figure 45 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0287] For example, referring to FIG45, the display substrate includes a substrate 200 and a first electrode layer 213, a pixel defining layer 214, a light-emitting functional layer 215, a second electrode layer 216, an encapsulation layer 225, a buffer layer 228, a touch layer 222, and an optical adhesive layer 227 disposed sequentially away from the substrate.

[0288] For example, the encapsulation layer 225 may include a first sub-encapsulation layer 2251, a second sub-encapsulation layer 2252, and a third sub-encapsulation layer 2253 disposed sequentially away from the substrate. For instance, the first sub-encapsulation layer 2251 and the third sub-encapsulation layer 2253 may be made of inorganic materials, while the material of the second sub-encapsulation layer 2252 may be an organic material. The inorganic encapsulation layer can block the intrusion of water, oxygen, etc., while the organic encapsulation layer can be used for film planarization, stress relief, and encapsulating and fixing particles during the process.

[0289] Both the second sub-encapsulation layer 2252 and the buffer layer 228 are located between the light-emitting functional layer 215 and the touch layer 222. By adjusting the thickness of one or both of the second sub-encapsulation layer 2252 and the buffer layer 228, the spacing between the light-emitting functional layer 215 and the touch layer 222 in the first direction Z can be adjusted. The first direction Z is parallel to the light emission direction of the display substrate.

[0290] For example, the second encapsulation sub-layer 2252 can be formed using an inkjet printing process, and the film thickness of the second sub-encapsulation layer 2252 is greater than the film thickness of the first sub-encapsulation layer 2251.

[0291] For example, the thickness h4 of the second encapsulation sublayer 2252 in the first direction Z is in the range of 2 micrometers to 24 micrometers, and the first direction is parallel to the light emission direction of the display substrate. By adjusting the thickness of the second encapsulation sublayer 2252, the brightness ratio of each monochromatic light at the viewing angle can be changed, thereby controlling the viewing angle distortion effect.

[0292] For example, the material of the buffer layer 228 includes an inorganic material, such as silicon nitride. The thickness h5 of the buffer layer 228 in the first direction Z is in the range of 1 micrometer to 5 micrometers. By adjusting the thickness of the buffer layer 228, the brightness attenuation ratio of RGB pixels under different viewing angles can be controlled, thereby optimizing the color shift effect.

[0293] Figure 46 is a comparison diagram of the color shift trajectory of two display substrates with adjusted second sub-encapsulation layer thickness according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figures 47-50 are comparison diagrams of the viewing angle brightness of white light, red light, green light and blue light of two display substrates with adjusted second sub-encapsulation layer thickness according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0294] Referring to Figures 46-50, "Ref" indicates a reference display substrate, and "JIP+4μm" indicates an optimized display substrate obtained by increasing the thickness of the second sub-encapsulation layer by 4 micrometers based on the reference display substrate.

[0295] For example, the thickness of the second sub-encapsulation layer in the reference display substrate “Ref” is in the range of 5 micrometers to 20 micrometers.

[0296] By comparing the color shift trajectories of the reference display substrate "Ref" and the optimized display substrate "JIP+4μm", it can be found that after increasing the thickness of the second sub-encapsulation layer by 4μm, a mismatch occurs in the brightness attenuation of sub-pixels of multiple colors (RGB) at different viewing angles. Because the brightness attenuation of green sub-pixels (G) is faster than that of red sub-pixels (R) and blue sub-pixels (B), the green light component within the viewing angle decreases, the overall color shift trajectory moves away from the green area, the color shift visual effect is significantly improved, the green / cyan tint at viewing angles is reduced, and the color shift values ​​at 45° / 60° / 75° are reduced by 0.7 / 0.6 / 0.9 JNCD.

[0297] Figure 51 is a comparison diagram of the color shift trajectory of two display substrates with adjusted second sub-encapsulation layer thickness according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figures 52-55 are comparison diagrams of the viewing angle brightness of white light, red light, green light and blue light of two display substrates with adjusted second sub-encapsulation layer thickness according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0298] Referring to Figures 51-55, "Ref" indicates the reference display substrate, and "JIP-3μm" indicates the optimized display substrate obtained by reducing the thickness of the second sub-encapsulation layer by 3 micrometers based on the reference display substrate.

[0299] For example, the thickness of the second sub-encapsulation layer in the reference display substrate “Ref” is in the range of 5 micrometers to 20 micrometers.

[0300] By comparing the color shift trajectories of the reference display substrate "Ref" and the optimized display substrate "JIP-3μm", it can be found that reducing the thickness of the second sub-encapsulation layer can raise the overall color shift trajectory, making the color tone more consistent within the viewing angle. After reducing the thickness of the second sub-encapsulation layer by 3μm from that in the reference display substrate "Ref", the brightness decay of the green sub-pixel (G) is slower compared to that of the red sub-pixel (R) and blue sub-pixel (B) under the viewing angle of the optimized display substrate "JIP-3μm". The brightness decay of white light is also slower under the viewing angle, resulting in a more gradual change in overall visual effect and a more harmonious and consistent visual color tone within the viewing angle.

[0301] Figure 56 is a comparison diagram of color shift trajectories of two display substrates with adjusted buffer layer thickness according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figures 57-60 are comparison diagrams of viewing angle brightness of white light, red light, green light and blue light of two display substrates with adjusted buffer layer thickness according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0302] Referring to Figures 56-60, "Ref" indicates the reference display substrate, and "buffer layer + 1μm" indicates the optimized display substrate obtained by increasing the thickness of the buffer layer by 1 micrometer based on the reference display substrate.

[0303] For example, the thickness of the buffer layer in the reference display substrate “Ref” is approximately 550 nanometers.

[0304] By comparing the color shift trajectories of the reference display substrate "Ref" and the optimized display substrate "buffer layer + 1μm", it can be found that after the thickness of the buffer layer in the optimized display substrate "buffer layer + 1μm" is increased by 1 micrometer, its color shift trajectory shifts to the right as a whole compared with the color shift trajectory of the reference display substrate "Ref". The color shift hue of the character is relatively monotonous and the visual effect is more moderate. The color shift values ​​at 45° / 60° / 75° are reduced by 0.3 / 0.6 / 0.8 JNCD.

[0305] In some embodiments, the spacing between the light-emitting device layer and the touch traces can be adjusted by individually adjusting the thickness of the second sub-encapsulation layer, or the spacing between the light-emitting device layer and the touch traces can be adjusted by individually adjusting the thickness of the buffer layer.

[0306] In some embodiments, the thickness of the second sub-encapsulation layer and the thickness of the buffer layer can be adjusted simultaneously to adjust the spacing between the light-emitting device layer and the touch traces.

[0307] By adjusting the spacing between the light-emitting device layer and the touch traces in the light-emitting direction, the monochromatic brightness attenuation ratio within the viewing angle can be changed, thus controlling the color shift effect of the product. At the same time, it can be specifically optimized according to different target effect requirements.

[0308] Embodiments of this disclosure provide a display panel including the display substrate of any of the above embodiments.

[0309] Embodiments of this disclosure also provide a display device, including the display substrate or display panel of any of the foregoing embodiments. The display device may include, but is not limited to, any product or component with display functionality such as electronic paper, mobile phone, tablet computer, monitor, laptop computer, digital photo frame, and navigator. It should be understood that this display device has the same beneficial effects as the display substrate provided in the foregoing embodiments.

[0310] Embodiments of this disclosure also provide a method for designing a display substrate. The method for designing a display substrate may include:

[0311] Obtain the initial test results of the initial display substrate;

[0312] Based on the initial test results, the structure of the initial display substrate was optimized using the first set of design parameters to obtain the intermediate display substrate.

[0313] Obtain intermediate test results for the intermediate display substrate; and

[0314] Based on the intermediate test results, the structure of the intermediate display substrate was optimized using the second set of design parameters to obtain the target display substrate.

[0315] For example, the target display substrate includes: a substrate; a light-emitting device layer located on one side of the substrate, the light-emitting device layer including a plurality of repeating units, at least some of the repeating units including a plurality of sub-pixels, the plurality of sub-pixels including a first color sub-pixel, a second color sub-pixel and a third color sub-pixel, the first color sub-pixel including a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel; and a touch layer disposed on the side of the light-emitting device layer away from the substrate, the touch layer including a plurality of touch traces, the touch traces being distributed in a mesh pattern and having a plurality of mesh openings, the orthographic projections of the plurality of sub-pixels on the substrate being respectively located within the orthographic projection areas of the plurality of mesh openings on the substrate, the touch traces including a first sub-touch trace located between the first sub-pixel and the third color sub-pixel, at least some of the first sub-touch traces and the orthographic projections of adjacent first sub-pixels on the substrate being spaced apart by a first distance, and at least some of the first sub-touch traces and the orthographic projections of adjacent third color sub-pixels on the substrate being spaced apart by a second distance.

[0316] For example, optimizing the structure of the intermediate display substrate using the second set of design parameters to obtain the target display substrate includes: adjusting the first distance and the second distance so that the first distance and the second distance are not equal.

[0317] For example, the first set of design parameters can be used to optimize one or more optical characteristics of the display substrate, such as power consumption, lifespan, low crosstalk, and transmittance.

[0318] For example, the second set of design parameters can be used to optimize one or more optical characteristics of the display substrate, such as color shift, transmittance, and viewing angle brightness.

[0319] In some embodiments, the first set of design parameters may include: the film thickness of at least a portion of the light-emitting functional layer and the doping concentration of the doped material in at least a portion of the film layer.

[0320] In some embodiments, the first set of design parameters may include the cathode film thickness.

[0321] In some embodiments, the first set of design parameters may include the film thickness of the light extraction layer.

[0322] In some embodiments, the second set of design parameters may include the film thickness of the encapsulation layer.

[0323] In some embodiments, the second set of design parameters may include the thickness of the buffer layer.

[0324] By optimizing the design of the display substrate using the first set of design parameters and the second set of design parameters, the overall optical characteristics of the display substrate can be improved.

[0325] While some embodiments of the general concept of this disclosure have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the general concept of this disclosure, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A display substrate, characterized in that, include: Substrate; A light-emitting device layer is located on one side of the substrate. The light-emitting device layer includes a plurality of repeating units, at least a portion of which include a plurality of sub-pixels. The plurality of sub-pixels includes: a first color sub-pixel, a second color sub-pixel, and a third color sub-pixel. The first color sub-pixel includes a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel. A touch layer is disposed on the side of the light-emitting device layer away from the substrate. The touch layer includes multiple touch traces arranged in a mesh pattern with multiple mesh openings. The orthographic projections of the multiple sub-pixels on the substrate are respectively located within the orthographic projection areas of the multiple mesh openings on the substrate. The touch trace includes a first sub-touch trace located between the first sub-pixel and the third color sub-pixel. At least a portion of the first sub-touch trace and the adjacent first sub-pixel are spaced apart by a first distance in their orthogonal projections on the substrate. At least a portion of the first sub-touch trace and the adjacent third color sub-pixel are spaced apart by a second distance in their orthogonal projections on the substrate. The first distance and the second distance are not equal.

2. The display substrate according to claim 1, wherein, The touch trace includes a second sub-touch trace located between the second color sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel. At least a portion of the second sub-touch trace and the adjacent second color sub-pixel are spaced apart by a third distance between their orthogonal projections on the substrate. At least a portion of the second sub-touch trace and the adjacent second sub-pixel are spaced apart by a fourth distance between their orthogonal projections on the substrate. The third distance and the fourth distance are not equal.

3. The display substrate according to claim 2, wherein, The light-emitting device layer includes: a first electrode layer located on one side of the substrate; a light-emitting functional layer located on the side of the first electrode layer away from the substrate; and a second electrode layer located on the side of the light-emitting functional layer away from the substrate. The second electrode layer has a first thickness in a first direction, and the touch layer has a second thickness in the first direction. The ratio of the first thickness to the second thickness is in the range of 0.035 to 0.

05. The first direction is parallel to the light emission direction of the display substrate. The first distance is greater than the second distance, and the third distance is less than the fourth distance.

4. The display substrate according to claim 3, wherein, The first thickness is in the range of 16 nanometers to 20 nanometers; and The difference between the first distance and the second distance is greater than the difference between the fourth distance and the third distance.

5. The display substrate according to claim 3 or 4, wherein, The display substrate further includes a pixel defining layer located between the first electrode layer and the light-emitting functional layer. The pixel defining layer includes a plurality of pixel defining portions, which define a plurality of pixel openings. In the second direction, the pixel defining portion has a first width, the touch trace has a second width, the ratio of the first width to the second width is greater than or equal to 2.5 and less than or equal to 15, and the second direction is parallel to the direction from the first color sub-pixel to the third color sub-pixel.

6. The display substrate according to claim 5, wherein, The first width is in the range of 17 micrometers to 26 micrometers; and / or, The second width is in the range of 2 micrometers to 6 micrometers.

7. The display substrate according to claim 2, wherein, The first color sub-pixel is configured to emit light of a first wavelength, the second color sub-pixel is configured to emit light of a second wavelength, and the third color sub-pixel is configured to emit light of a third wavelength, wherein the first wavelength is less than the second wavelength and the first wavelength is greater than the third wavelength; The display substrate further includes a light extraction layer located between the light-emitting device layer and the touch layer, wherein the refractive index of the second wavelength light in the light extraction layer is less than the refractive index of the first wavelength light in the light extraction layer, and the refractive index of the first wavelength light in the light extraction layer is less than the refractive index of the third wavelength light in the light extraction layer. Wherein, the thickness of the light extraction layer in a first direction is less than or equal to 70 nanometers, and the first direction is parallel to the light emission direction of the display substrate; and The first distance is less than the second distance, and the third distance is less than the fourth distance.

8. The display substrate according to claim 7, wherein, The difference between the second distance and the first distance is substantially equal to the difference between the fourth distance and the third distance.

9. The display substrate according to claim 2, wherein, The light-emitting device layer includes a light-emitting functional layer, which includes a first light-emitting layer configured to emit light of a first wavelength, wherein the doping concentration of the doping material in the first light-emitting layer is greater than or equal to 10%; and / or, the thickness of the first light-emitting layer in a first direction is greater than or equal to 33 nanometers, wherein the first direction is parallel to the light emission direction of the display substrate. as well as The first distance is less than the second distance, and the third distance and the fourth distance are substantially equal.

10. The display substrate according to claim 9, wherein, The light-emitting functional layer includes a p-type doped layer located on the side of the first light-emitting layer closest to the substrate, wherein the doping concentration of the dopant material in the p-type doped layer is less than or equal to 0.2%; and The difference between the second distance and the first distance is in the range of 2 micrometers to 3 micrometers.

11. The display substrate according to any one of claims 2-10, wherein, The ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the first distance and the second distance to the first width is in the range of 0.018 to 0.21; and / or, The ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the third distance and the fourth distance to the first width is in the range of 0.018 to 0.

21.

12. The display substrate according to claim 11, wherein, The absolute value of the difference between the first distance and the second distance is in the range of 0.5 micrometers to 3.5 micrometers.

13. The display substrate according to claim 11 or 12, wherein, The absolute value of the difference between the third distance and the fourth distance is in the range of 0.5 micrometers to 3.5 micrometers.

14. The display substrate according to claim 5 or 6, wherein, The plurality of pixel openings includes a first pixel opening, a second pixel opening, a third pixel opening, and a fourth pixel opening. A first sub-pixel is located in the first pixel opening, a second color sub-pixel is located in the second pixel opening, a third color sub-pixel is located in the third pixel opening, and a second sub-pixel is located in the fourth pixel opening. Wherein, the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the first pixel opening on the substrate and the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the fourth pixel opening on the substrate are substantially equal; and / or, the ratio of the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the second pixel opening on the substrate to the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the first pixel opening on the substrate is in the range of 1 to 2; and / or, the ratio of the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the third pixel opening on the substrate to the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the first pixel opening on the substrate is greater than or equal to 2.

15. The display substrate according to any one of claims 1-14, wherein, The display substrate further includes an encapsulation layer located between the light-emitting device layer and the touch layer. The encapsulation layer includes a second encapsulation sublayer. The material of the second encapsulation sublayer includes an organic material. The thickness of the second encapsulation sublayer in a first direction is in the range of 2 micrometers to 24 micrometers. The first direction is parallel to the light emission direction of the display substrate.

16. The display substrate according to claim 15, wherein, The display substrate further includes a buffer layer located between the encapsulation layer and the touch layer. The material of the buffer layer includes inorganic materials, and the thickness of the buffer layer in the first direction is in the range of 1 micrometer to 5 micrometers.

17. A display device, characterized in that, The display device includes a display substrate as described in any one of claims 1-16.

18. A method for designing a display substrate, characterized in that, include: Obtain the initial test results of the initial display substrate; Based on the initial test results, the structure of the initial display substrate is optimized using the first set of design parameters to obtain an intermediate display substrate; Obtain intermediate test results for the intermediate display substrate; as well as Based on the intermediate test results, the structure of the intermediate display substrate is optimized using the second set of design parameters to obtain the target display substrate. The target display substrate includes: a substrate; a light-emitting device layer located on one side of the substrate, the light-emitting device layer including a plurality of repeating units, at least a portion of the repeating units including a plurality of sub-pixels, the plurality of sub-pixels including a first color sub-pixel, a second color sub-pixel, and a third color sub-pixel, the first color sub-pixel including a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel; and a touch layer disposed on the side of the light-emitting device layer away from the substrate, the touch layer including a plurality of touch traces, the touch traces being distributed in a mesh pattern and having a plurality of mesh openings, the orthographic projections of the plurality of sub-pixels on the substrate being respectively located within the orthographic projection areas of the plurality of mesh openings on the substrate, the touch traces including a first sub-touch trace located between the first sub-pixel and the third color sub-pixel, at least a portion of the first sub-touch traces and adjacent first sub-pixels being spaced apart by a first distance between their orthographic projections on the substrate, at least a portion of the first sub-touch traces and adjacent third color sub-pixels being spaced apart by a second distance between their orthographic projections on the substrate. The step of optimizing the structure of the intermediate display substrate using the second set of design parameters to obtain the target display substrate includes: adjusting the first distance and the second distance so that the first distance and the second distance are not equal.

Images