Method and apparatus for determining vehicle exhaust parameters, and device, storage medium and product

Abstract

A method for determining vehicle exhaust parameters. The method comprises: generating an exhaust structure array; on the basis of an air intake flow rate and a fuel flow rate, determining exhaust flow rates of a connection pipe (2) and a turbocharger (3); on the basis of the air intake flow rate, the fuel flow rate and a flow rate at an EGR offtake (4), determining exhaust flow rates of the EGR offtake (4), a catalytic converter (5), a GPF inlet temperature sensor (6), a gasoline particulate filter (GPF) (7), a GPF differential pressure sensor (8), a muffler (9) and a tail pipe (10); and for any one exhaust component among the connection pipe (2), the turbocharger (3), the EGR offtake (4), the catalytic converter (5), the gasoline particulate filter (GPF) (7), the GPF differential pressure sensor (8), the muffler (9) and the tail pipe (10), determining a heat dissipation loss value of the exhaust component, and on the basis of the heat dissipation loss value of the exhaust component and an exhaust temperature of an upstream exhaust component in the exhaust structure array, determining an exhaust temperature of the exhaust component. By means of the method, the cost involved in determination of vehicle exhaust parameters can be reduced. Further provided are an apparatus for determining vehicle exhaust parameters, and a device, a storage medium storing the method for determining exhaust parameters, and a product.

Description

Methods, devices, equipment, storage media, and products for determining vehicle exhaust parameters

[0001] This disclosure is based on and claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411206599.4, filed on August 30, 2024, entitled “Method, Apparatus, Device, Storage Medium and Product for Determining Vehicle Exhaust Parameters”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of electronic control technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, device, storage medium and product for determining vehicle exhaust parameters. Background Technology

[0003] With increasingly stringent vehicle regulations and technological advancements, engine exhaust systems have become increasingly complex, and the exhaust systems for different engine models often vary significantly. During engine operation, it is necessary to constantly monitor the exhaust parameters of the exhaust system to determine whether the system is functioning correctly, and consequently, whether the engine itself is operating normally. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a method, apparatus, device, storage medium, and product for determining vehicle exhaust parameters, which can reduce the cost of determining vehicle exhaust parameters. The technical solution is as follows:

[0005] On the one hand, a method for determining vehicle exhaust parameters is provided, the method comprising:

[0006] Based on the vehicle's exhaust system, an exhaust structure array matching the exhaust system is generated. The exhaust structure array includes, in sequence, component identifiers of the connecting pipes, turbocharger, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) intake port, catalytic converter, particulate filter (GPF) pre-temperature sensor, GPF particulate trap, GPF differential pressure sensor, muffler, and tailpipe.

[0007] When determining the exhaust flow rate, the exhaust flow rate of the connecting pipe and the exhaust flow rate of the turbocharger are determined based on the intake flow rate and fuel flow rate of the exhaust system; the exhaust flow rate of the EGR intake, the exhaust flow rate of the catalytic converter, the exhaust flow rate of the GPF front temperature sensor, the exhaust flow rate of the GPF particulate filter, the exhaust flow rate of the GPF differential pressure sensor, the exhaust flow rate of the muffler, and the exhaust flow rate of the tailpipe are determined based on the intake flow rate, the fuel flow rate, and the flow rate of the EGR intake.

[0008] When determining the exhaust temperature, for any exhaust component among the connecting pipe, the turbocharger, the EGR intake, the catalytic converter, the GPF particulate filter, the GPF differential pressure sensor, the muffler, and the tailpipe, determine the heat loss value of that exhaust component. Based on the heat loss value of the exhaust component and the exhaust temperature of the exhaust component at the next higher level in the exhaust structure array, determine the exhaust temperature of that exhaust component. Based on the temperature value measured by the GPF in-line temperature sensor, determine the exhaust temperature of the GPF in-line temperature sensor.

[0009] When determining the exhaust pressure, the exhaust pressure of the tailpipe is determined based on the ambient pressure; the exhaust pressure of the muffler and the exhaust pressure of the GPF front temperature sensor are determined based on the pressure value measured by the GPF differential pressure sensor; the exhaust pressure of the catalytic converter is determined based on the exhaust pressure of the GPF front temperature sensor and the pressure drop of the catalytic converter; and the exhaust pressure of the turbocharger is determined based on the exhaust pressure of the catalytic converter and the pressure drop of the turbocharger.

[0010] In one possible implementation, determining the heat loss value of the exhaust component includes:

[0011] Determine the specific heat of the exhaust component, the ambient temperature, and the vehicle speed;

[0012] The heat loss value of the exhaust component is determined based on the specific heat, the ambient temperature, and the vehicle speed.

[0013] In another possible implementation, determining the heat loss value of the exhaust component based on the specific heat, the ambient temperature, and the vehicle speed includes:

[0014] When the exhaust component is any one of the following: the connecting pipe, the EGR intake port, the GPF differential pressure sensor, the muffler, and the tailpipe, the heat loss value of the exhaust component is determined based on the specific heat, the ambient temperature, and the vehicle speed.

[0015] When the exhaust component is the turbocharger, a first heat loss value is determined based on the specific heat, the ambient temperature, and the vehicle speed; a second heat loss value is determined based on the front-to-rear pressure ratio and exhaust flow rate of the exhaust component; and the heat loss value of the exhaust component is determined based on the first heat loss value and the second heat loss value.

[0016] When the exhaust component is the catalyst or the GPF particulate filter, a first heat loss value is determined based on the specific heat, the ambient temperature, and the vehicle speed; a third heat loss value is determined based on the exhaust flow rate and air-fuel ratio of the exhaust component; and the heat loss value of the exhaust component is determined based on the first heat loss value and the third heat loss value.

[0017] In another possible implementation, before determining the exhaust flow rate of the connecting pipe and the exhaust flow rate of the turbocharger based on the intake air flow rate and fuel flow rate of the exhaust system, the method further includes:

[0018] A first order is determined, which is the order from the first exhaust component to the last exhaust component in the exhaust structure array;

[0019] Based on the first order, the connecting pipe and the turbocharger for which the exhaust flow rate needs to be determined are identified. An array pointer variable is set to point to the connecting pipe and the turbocharger. Then, the step of determining the exhaust flow rate of the connecting pipe and the exhaust flow rate of the turbocharger based on the intake flow rate and fuel flow rate of the exhaust system is executed.

[0020] In another possible implementation, the method further includes:

[0021] Based on the exhaust structure array, an exhaust flow array is generated. The exhaust flow array includes the component identifier of each exhaust component in the exhaust structure array and the flow element corresponding to each exhaust component. When the exhaust flow of any exhaust component is determined, the exhaust flow of any exhaust component is stored in the flow element corresponding to the component identifier of any exhaust component in the exhaust flow array.

[0022] Based on the exhaust structure array, an exhaust temperature array is generated. The exhaust temperature array includes the component identifier of each exhaust component in the exhaust structure array and the temperature element corresponding to each exhaust component. When the exhaust temperature of any exhaust component is determined, the exhaust temperature of any exhaust component is stored in the temperature element corresponding to the component identifier of any exhaust component in the exhaust temperature array.

[0023] Based on the exhaust structure array, an exhaust pressure array is generated. The exhaust pressure array includes the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the tailpipe, the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the muffler, the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the GPF front temperature sensor, the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the catalytic converter, and the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the turbocharger. When the exhaust pressure of any exhaust component is determined, the exhaust pressure of any exhaust component is stored in the pressure element corresponding to the component identifier of that exhaust component in the exhaust pressure array.

[0024] In another possible implementation, the method further includes:

[0025] Based on the exhaust flow rate of the catalyst, determine the oxygen storage content of the catalyst; based on the oxygen storage content of the catalyst, adjust the oxygen storage content of the catalyst if it is not within a preset range; and / or,

[0026] For any exhaust component in the exhaust structure array, determine a temperature threshold for that exhaust component; if the exhaust temperature of the exhaust component is higher than the temperature threshold, cool the exhaust component; and / or,

[0027] For any one of the exhaust components, including the tailpipe, the muffler, the GPF front temperature sensor, the catalytic converter, and the turbocharger, determine the pressure threshold of the exhaust component, and if the exhaust pressure of the exhaust component is higher than the pressure threshold, issue a fault alarm for the exhaust component.

[0028] On the other hand, a device for determining vehicle exhaust parameters is provided, the device comprising:

[0029] The generation module is used to generate an exhaust structure array that matches the vehicle's exhaust system. The exhaust structure array includes, in sequence, component identifiers of the connecting pipes, component identifiers of the turbocharger, component identifiers of the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) intake port, component identifiers of the catalytic converter, component identifiers of the temperature sensor before the particulate filter (GPF), component identifiers of the GPF particulate trap, component identifiers of the GPF differential pressure sensor, component identifiers of the muffler, and component identifiers of the tailpipe.

[0030] The first determining module is used to determine the exhaust flow rate of the connecting pipeline and the exhaust flow rate of the turbocharger based on the intake flow rate and fuel flow rate of the exhaust system when determining the exhaust flow rate; and to determine the exhaust flow rate of the EGR intake port, the exhaust flow rate of the catalytic converter, the exhaust flow rate of the GPF front temperature sensor, the exhaust flow rate of the GPF particulate filter, the exhaust flow rate of the GPF differential pressure sensor, the exhaust flow rate of the muffler, and the exhaust flow rate of the tailpipe based on the intake flow rate, the fuel flow rate, and the flow rate of the EGR intake port.

[0031] The second determining module is used to, when determining the exhaust temperature, determine the heat loss value of any exhaust component among the connecting pipe, the turbocharger, the EGR intake, the catalytic converter, the GPF particulate filter, the GPF differential pressure sensor, the muffler, and the tailpipe; determine the exhaust temperature of the exhaust component based on the heat loss value of the exhaust component and the exhaust temperature of the exhaust component at the next higher level in the exhaust structure array; and determine the exhaust temperature of the GPF front temperature sensor based on the temperature value measured by the GPF front temperature sensor.

[0032] The third determining module is used to determine the exhaust pressure of the tailpipe based on the ambient pressure when the exhaust pressure is determined; to determine the exhaust pressure of the muffler and the exhaust pressure of the GPF front temperature sensor based on the pressure value measured by the GPF differential pressure sensor; to determine the exhaust pressure of the catalytic converter based on the exhaust pressure of the GPF front temperature sensor and the pressure drop of the catalytic converter; and to determine the exhaust pressure of the turbocharger based on the exhaust pressure of the catalytic converter and the pressure drop of the turbocharger.

[0033] In one possible implementation, the second determining module is used to determine the specific heat of the exhaust component, the ambient temperature, and the vehicle speed; and based on the specific heat, the ambient temperature, and the vehicle speed, to determine the heat dissipation loss value of the exhaust component.

[0034] In another possible implementation, the second determining module is used to determine the heat loss value of the exhaust component based on the specific heat, the ambient temperature and the vehicle speed, when the exhaust component is any one of the connecting pipe, the EGR intake port, the GPF differential pressure sensor, the muffler and the tailpipe.

[0035] The second determining module is configured to, when the exhaust component is the turbocharger, determine a first heat dissipation loss value based on the specific heat, the ambient temperature and the vehicle speed; determine a second heat dissipation loss value based on the front-to-rear pressure ratio and exhaust flow rate of the exhaust component; and determine the heat dissipation loss value of the exhaust component based on the first heat dissipation loss value and the second heat dissipation loss value.

[0036] The second determining module is used to determine a first heat loss value based on the specific heat, the ambient temperature, and the vehicle speed when the exhaust component is the catalyst or the GPF particulate filter; determine a third heat loss value based on the exhaust flow rate and air-fuel ratio of the exhaust component; and determine the heat loss value of the exhaust component based on the first heat loss value and the third heat loss value.

[0037] In another possible implementation, the device further includes:

[0038] The third determining module is used to determine a first order, which is the order from the first exhaust component to the last exhaust component in the exhaust structure array;

[0039] The fourth determining module is used to determine the connecting pipe and the turbocharger for which the exhaust flow rate needs to be determined based on the first order, and to point the array pointer variable to the connecting pipe and the turbocharger.

[0040] In another possible implementation, the device further includes:

[0041] The first storage module is used to generate an exhaust flow array based on the exhaust structure array. The exhaust flow array includes a component identifier for each exhaust component in the exhaust structure array and a flow element corresponding to each exhaust component. When the exhaust flow of any exhaust component is determined, the exhaust flow of any exhaust component is stored in the flow element corresponding to the component identifier of any exhaust component in the exhaust flow array.

[0042] The second storage module is used to generate an exhaust temperature array based on the exhaust structure array. The exhaust temperature array includes the component identifier of each exhaust component in the exhaust structure array and the temperature element corresponding to each exhaust component. When the exhaust temperature of any exhaust component is determined, the exhaust temperature of any exhaust component is stored in the temperature element corresponding to the component identifier of any exhaust component in the exhaust temperature array.

[0043] The third storage module is used to generate an exhaust pressure array based on the exhaust structure array. The exhaust pressure array includes the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the tailpipe, the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the muffler, the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the GPF front temperature sensor, the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the catalytic converter, and the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the turbocharger. When the exhaust pressure of any exhaust component is determined, the exhaust pressure of any exhaust component is stored in the pressure element corresponding to the component identifier of that exhaust component in the exhaust pressure array.

[0044] In another possible implementation, the device further includes:

[0045] The fifth determining module is used to determine the oxygen storage content of the catalytic converter based on the exhaust flow rate of the catalytic converter, and to adjust the oxygen storage content of the catalytic converter if the oxygen storage content is not within a preset range; and / or,

[0046] The sixth determining module is used to determine a temperature threshold for any exhaust component in the exhaust structure array; and to cool the exhaust component if its exhaust temperature is higher than the temperature threshold; and / or,

[0047] The seventh determination module is used to determine the pressure threshold of any exhaust component among the tailpipe, the muffler, the GPF front temperature sensor, the catalytic converter, and the turbocharger, and to issue a fault alarm for the exhaust component when the exhaust pressure of the exhaust component is higher than the pressure threshold.

[0048] On the other hand, an in-vehicle terminal is provided, the in-vehicle terminal including a processor and a memory, the memory storing at least one piece of program code, the at least one piece of program code being loaded and executed by the processor to implement the above-mentioned method for determining vehicle exhaust parameters.

[0049] On the other hand, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein at least one piece of program code is stored in the storage medium, the at least one piece of program code being loaded and executed by a processor to implement the above-described method for determining vehicle exhaust parameters.

[0050] On the other hand, a computer program product is provided, the product storing at least one piece of program code, the at least one piece of program code being executed by a processor to implement the above-described method for determining vehicle exhaust parameters.

[0051] In this embodiment, since the exhaust structure array is generated based on the vehicle's exhaust system and includes multiple exhaust components arranged sequentially, the sequential order of these components is determined. Therefore, based on the exhaust structure array, the exhaust parameters (exhaust temperature, exhaust pressure, and exhaust flow rate) of the next exhaust component can be determined from the previous one. Thus, this embodiment only requires adjusting the configuration structure of the exhaust structure array to be applied to vehicles with different exhaust systems, reducing software development time and consequently lowering the cost of determining vehicle exhaust parameters.

[0052] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary and do not limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0053] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an exhaust system illustrating an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining vehicle exhaust parameters according to an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining vehicle exhaust parameters according to an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0056] Figure 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining vehicle exhaust parameters according to an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0057] Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining vehicle exhaust parameters according to an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0058] Figure 6 is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining vehicle exhaust parameters according to an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0059] Figure 7 is a block diagram illustrating a vehicle exhaust parameter determination device according to an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0060] Figure 8 is a block diagram illustrating an in-vehicle terminal according to an exemplary embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0061] To make the technical solution and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below.

[0062] The terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or apparatuses.

[0063] It should be noted that all information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.), data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, stored data, displayed data, etc.), and signals involved in this application have been authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use, and processing of related data must comply with the relevant laws, regulations, and standards of the relevant countries and regions. For example, the exhaust system involved in this application was obtained with full authorization.

[0064] Please refer to Figure 1, which shows a schematic diagram of a vehicle exhaust system according to an exemplary embodiment of this application. The exhaust system is used to exhaust exhaust from the vehicle's engine 1, and includes a connecting pipe 2, a turbocharger 3, an EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) intake 4, a catalytic converter 5, a GPF (Gasoline Particulate Filter) pre-temperature sensor 6, a GPF particulate trap 7, a GPF differential pressure sensor 8, a muffler 9, and a tailpipe 10. The connecting pipe 2 is used to connect the vehicle's engine 1 and the turbocharger 3. The turbocharger 3, catalytic converter 5, GPF particulate trap 7, muffler 9, and tailpipe 10 are connected in series. An EGR intake 4 is provided between the turbocharger 3 and the catalytic converter 5. A GPF pre-temperature sensor 6 is provided at the front end of the GPF particulate trap 7, and GPF differential pressure sensors 8 are provided at both ends of the GPF particulate trap 7.

[0065] Please refer to Figure 2, which shows a flowchart of a method for determining vehicle exhaust parameters according to an exemplary embodiment of this application. The method can be executed by an in-vehicle terminal. Referring to Figure 2, the method includes:

[0066] Step 201: Based on the vehicle's exhaust system, generate an exhaust structure array that matches the exhaust system. The exhaust structure array includes the component identifiers of the connecting pipes, the turbocharger, the EGR intake port, the catalytic converter, the GPF front temperature sensor, the GPF particulate filter, the GPF differential pressure sensor, the muffler, and the tailpipe, arranged in sequence.

[0067] The vehicle terminal determines the order of multiple exhaust components included in the exhaust system. Based on this order, it generates an exhaust component sequence from the component identifiers of these components, and then assembles the ordered sequence into an exhaust structure array. The identifier for an exhaust component can be either its name or its serial number. In this embodiment, the serial number is used as the identifier to facilitate software system identification. For example, referring to Table 1, the component identifiers for the connecting pipes, turbocharger, EGR intake, catalytic converter, GPF front temperature sensor, GPF particulate filter, GPF differential pressure sensor, muffler, and tailpipe are 1-9 respectively. The generated exhaust structure array is shown in Table 1.

[0068] Table 1

[0069] In some embodiments, the sequence in the exhaust structure array includes multiple array elements, which are used to store the serial numbers of exhaust components, and the number of multiple array elements is not less than the number of multiple exhaust components; for example, the sequence in the exhaust structure array in Table 1 includes 11 array elements, and the number of exhaust components is 9.

[0070] The exhaust parameters include exhaust flow rate, exhaust temperature, and exhaust pressure. Accordingly, after step 201, step 202 is executed to determine the exhaust flow rate, step 203 to determine the exhaust temperature, and step 204 to determine the exhaust pressure. Furthermore, this embodiment does not specifically limit the order in which the exhaust flow rate, exhaust temperature, and exhaust pressure are determined. Alternatively, the exhaust flow rate can be determined first, followed by the exhaust temperature and then the exhaust pressure; or the exhaust temperature can be determined first, followed by the exhaust pressure and then the exhaust flow rate; or the exhaust temperature can be determined first, followed by the exhaust flow rate and then the exhaust pressure; or the exhaust pressure can be determined first, followed by the exhaust temperature and then the exhaust flow rate; or the exhaust pressure can be determined first, followed by the exhaust flow rate and then the exhaust temperature.

[0071] Step 202: When determining the exhaust flow rate, based on the intake flow rate and fuel flow rate of the exhaust system, determine the exhaust flow rate of the connecting pipe and the exhaust flow rate of the turbocharger; based on the intake flow rate, fuel flow rate and the flow rate of the EGR intake port, determine the exhaust flow rate of the EGR intake port, the exhaust flow rate of the catalytic converter, the exhaust flow rate of the GPF front temperature sensor, the exhaust flow rate of the GPF particulate filter, the exhaust flow rate of the GPF differential pressure sensor, the exhaust flow rate of the muffler and the exhaust flow rate of the tailpipe.

[0072] In one possible implementation, the steps of determining the exhaust flow rate of the connecting pipe and the exhaust flow rate of the turbocharger based on the intake flow rate and fuel flow rate of the exhaust system can be: determining the sum of the intake flow rate and fuel flow rate of the exhaust system to obtain the exhaust flow rate of the connecting pipe and the exhaust flow rate of the turbocharger; or, performing a weighted summation of the intake flow rate and fuel flow rate of the exhaust system to obtain the exhaust flow rate of the connecting pipe and the exhaust flow rate of the turbocharger.

[0073] In another possible implementation, the steps for determining the exhaust flow rates of the EGR intake, catalytic converter, GPF pre-temperature sensor, GPF particulate filter, GPF differential pressure sensor, muffler, and tailpipe based on the intake flow rate, fuel flow rate, and EGR intake flow rate of the exhaust system can be as follows: determine the sum of the intake flow rate and fuel flow rate of the exhaust system to obtain the total exhaust flow rate; determine the difference between the total exhaust flow rate and the flow rate of the EGR intake to obtain the exhaust flow rates of the EGR intake, catalytic converter, GPF pre-temperature sensor, GPF particulate filter, GPF differential pressure sensor, muffler, and tailpipe.

[0074] Exhaust flow rate, in conjunction with oxygen sensor parameters, determines the catalytic converter's condition. Calculating the oxygen content within the catalytic converter ensures its efficient decomposition of harmful exhaust gases and also allows for monitoring of the catalytic converter's status. Accordingly, based on the exhaust flow rate, the oxygen content within the catalytic converter is determined, and it is verified whether this content falls within a preset range. If the oxygen content is outside this range, adjustments are made to bring the adjusted oxygen content within the preset range.

[0075] Step 203: When determining the exhaust temperature, for any exhaust component among the connecting pipes, turbocharger, EGR intake, catalytic converter, GPF particulate filter, GPF differential pressure sensor, muffler, and tailpipe, determine the heat loss value of the exhaust component. Based on the heat loss value of the exhaust component and the exhaust temperature of the exhaust component in the previous stage of the exhaust structure array, determine the exhaust temperature of the exhaust component. Based on the temperature value measured by the GPF front temperature sensor, determine the exhaust temperature of the GPF front temperature sensor.

[0076] This step can be achieved through the following steps (1) to (4), including:

[0077] (1) Determine the specific heat of the exhaust components, the ambient temperature, and the vehicle speed.

[0078] The specific heat of an exhaust component refers to the amount of heat absorbed by a unit mass of the exhaust component when its temperature rises by 1°C; a vehicle includes a temperature sensor to measure the ambient temperature; a vehicle also includes a speed sensor to measure the vehicle's speed.

[0079] (2) Determine the heat loss value of the exhaust components based on specific heat, ambient temperature and vehicle speed.

[0080] In one possible implementation, prior to this step, a correspondence between specific heat, ambient temperature, vehicle speed, and heat dissipation loss is generated through experimental calibration. In this step, based on the specific heat of the exhaust component, ambient temperature, and vehicle speed, the heat dissipation loss value of the exhaust component is determined from the correspondence between specific heat, ambient temperature, vehicle speed, and heat dissipation loss. In another possible implementation, the on-board terminal pre-stores first relationship data between specific heat, ambient temperature, vehicle speed, and heat dissipation loss, where the dependent variable of this first relationship data is the heat dissipation loss value, and the independent variables are specific heat, ambient temperature, and vehicle speed. Accordingly, in this step, the specific heat of the exhaust component, ambient temperature, and vehicle speed are input into the first relationship data to obtain the heat dissipation loss value of the exhaust component.

[0081] When determining the heat loss value of some exhaust components, specific heat, ambient temperature, and vehicle speed are required; for example, determining the heat loss value of connecting pipes, EGR intake ports, GPF differential pressure sensors, mufflers, and tailpipes requires specific heat, ambient temperature, and vehicle speed. However, determining the heat loss value of some exhaust components also requires other parameters; for example, determining the heat loss value of a turbocharger requires the turbocharger's front-to-rear pressure ratio and exhaust flow rate; determining the heat loss value of a catalytic converter or GPF particulate filter requires exhaust flow rate and air-fuel ratio. Accordingly, this step can be achieved through the following steps (2-1)-(2-3), including:

[0082] (2-1) If the exhaust component is any one of the following: connecting pipe, EGR intake port, GPF differential pressure sensor, muffler and tailpipe, determine the heat loss value of the exhaust component based on specific heat, ambient temperature and vehicle speed.

[0083] The process of determining the heat loss value of exhaust components based on specific heat, ambient temperature, and vehicle speed can be referred to above and will not be repeated here.

[0084] (2-2) When the exhaust component is a turbocharger, a first heat loss value is determined based on specific heat, ambient temperature and vehicle speed; a second heat loss value is determined based on the front-to-rear pressure ratio and exhaust flow rate of the exhaust component; and a heat loss value of the exhaust component is determined based on the first heat loss value and the second heat loss value.

[0085] The vehicle terminal determines the heat loss value of the exhaust component by summing the first heat loss value and the second heat loss value; or, the heat loss value of the exhaust component is obtained by weighted summation of the first heat loss value and the second heat loss value.

[0086] The process of determining the first heat loss value based on specific heat, ambient temperature, and vehicle speed is the same as the process of determining the heat loss value based on specific heat, ambient temperature, and vehicle speed, and will not be repeated here.

[0087] In one possible implementation, prior to this step, a correspondence between the front-to-rear pressure ratio, exhaust flow rate, and heat dissipation loss value of the exhaust component is generated through experimental calibration. In this step, based on the front-to-rear pressure ratio and exhaust flow rate of the exhaust component, a second heat dissipation loss value of the exhaust component is determined from the correspondence between the front-to-rear pressure ratio, exhaust flow rate, and heat dissipation loss value. In another possible implementation, the vehicle terminal pre-stores second relationship data between the front-to-rear pressure ratio, exhaust flow rate, and heat dissipation loss value of the exhaust component, where the dependent variable of this second relationship data is the heat dissipation loss value, and the independent variables are the front-to-rear pressure ratio and exhaust flow rate. Accordingly, in this step, the front-to-rear pressure ratio and exhaust flow rate of the exhaust component are substituted into the second relationship data to obtain the second heat dissipation loss value of the exhaust component.

[0088] (2-3) When the exhaust component is a catalyst or a GPF particulate filter, a first heat loss value is determined based on specific heat, ambient temperature and vehicle speed; a third heat loss value is determined based on the exhaust flow rate and air-fuel ratio of the exhaust component; and the heat loss value of the exhaust component is determined based on the first heat loss value and the third heat loss value.

[0089] The vehicle terminal determines the heat loss value of the exhaust component by summing the first heat loss value and the third heat loss value; or, it obtains the heat loss value of the exhaust component by weighted summing of the first heat loss value and the third heat loss value.

[0090] The process of determining the first heat loss value based on specific heat, ambient temperature, and vehicle speed is the same as the process of determining the heat loss value based on specific heat, ambient temperature, and vehicle speed, and will not be repeated here.

[0091] In one possible implementation, prior to this step, a correspondence between the exhaust flow rate, air-fuel ratio, and heat dissipation loss value of the exhaust component is generated through experimental calibration. In this step, based on the exhaust flow rate and air-fuel ratio of the exhaust component, a third heat dissipation loss value of the exhaust component is determined from the correspondence between the exhaust flow rate, air-fuel ratio, and heat dissipation loss value. In another possible implementation, the vehicle terminal pre-stores third relationship data between the exhaust flow rate, air-fuel ratio, and heat dissipation loss value of the exhaust component, where the dependent variable of this third relationship data is the heat dissipation loss value, and the independent variables are the exhaust flow rate and air-fuel ratio. Accordingly, in this step, the exhaust flow rate and air-fuel ratio of the exhaust component are substituted into the third relationship data to obtain the third heat dissipation loss value of the exhaust component.

[0092] (3) Determine the exhaust temperature of the exhaust component based on the heat loss value of the exhaust component and the exhaust temperature of the exhaust component of the previous stage in the exhaust structure array.

[0093] The vehicle terminal determines the exhaust temperature of the exhaust component by summing the heat loss value of the exhaust component with the exhaust temperature of the exhaust component in the previous stage of the exhaust structure array; or, the vehicle terminal obtains the exhaust temperature of the exhaust component by weighted summing of the heat loss value of the exhaust component and the exhaust temperature of the previous stage of the exhaust component.

[0094] Among them, the exhaust component above the connecting pipe is the engine, the exhaust component above the turbocharger is the connecting pipe, the exhaust component above the EGR intake is the turbocharger, the exhaust component above the catalytic converter is the EGR intake, the exhaust component above the GPF front temperature sensor is the catalytic converter, the exhaust component above the GPF particulate filter is the GPF front temperature sensor, the exhaust component above the GPF differential pressure sensor is the GPF particulate filter, the exhaust component above the muffler is the GPF differential pressure sensor, and the exhaust component above the tailpipe is the muffler.

[0095] In this step, the exhaust temperature is calculated starting from the first exhaust component in the exhaust structure array; therefore, when the exhaust temperature of the next exhaust component is determined, the exhaust temperature of the previous exhaust component has already been determined. Before performing this step, the engine's exhaust temperature needs to be determined first, and then the exhaust temperature of the connecting pipes is determined based on the engine's exhaust temperature; the steps to determine the engine's exhaust temperature can be: determining the engine speed and load, and determining the engine's exhaust temperature based on the engine speed and load.

[0096] In one possible implementation, prior to this step, the correspondence between engine speed, load, and exhaust temperature is generated through experimental calibration. In this step, the engine exhaust temperature is determined from the correspondence between engine speed, load, and exhaust temperature based on the engine speed and load. In another possible implementation, the on-board terminal pre-stores fourth relationship data between engine speed, load, and exhaust temperature, where the dependent variable of this fourth relationship data is exhaust temperature, and the independent variables are engine speed and load. Accordingly, in this step, the engine speed and load are input into the fourth relationship data to obtain the engine exhaust temperature.

[0097] (4) Determine the exhaust temperature of the GPF front temperature sensor based on the temperature value measured by the GPF front temperature sensor.

[0098] The temperature value measured by the GPF front temperature sensor is the exhaust temperature of the GPF front temperature sensor. Exhaust temperature is primarily used for engine thermal protection. Each exhaust component in the exhaust system has a maximum temperature limit; exceeding this limit can lead to component damage. The exhaust temperature calculation logic simulates exhaust temperatures at different locations based on engine operating conditions. When the temperature approaches a dangerous range, fuel enrichment is used to reduce the exhaust temperature, protecting the exhaust system. Correspondingly, for any exhaust component in the exhaust structure array, a temperature threshold is determined for that component. If the exhaust temperature of a component exceeds the temperature threshold, the component is cooled; if the exhaust temperature does not exceed the temperature threshold, the component's temperature state is considered normal. The steps for cooling the exhaust component can include: reducing the exhaust temperature by enriching the engine fuel, thereby protecting the exhaust system.

[0099] Step 204: When determining the exhaust pressure, determine the exhaust pressure of the tailpipe based on the ambient pressure; determine the exhaust pressure of the muffler and the exhaust pressure of the GPF front temperature sensor based on the pressure value measured by the GPF differential pressure sensor; determine the exhaust pressure of the catalytic converter based on the exhaust pressure of the GPF front temperature sensor and the pressure drop of the catalytic converter; determine the exhaust pressure of the turbocharger based on the exhaust pressure of the catalytic converter and the pressure drop of the turbocharger.

[0100] Exhaust pressure is calculated by working backwards from the tailpipe. The software only needs to calculate the exhaust pressure at each pipe connection point, and does not require internal pressure calculations for the turbocharger, catalytic converter, and GPF particulate filter. Accordingly, this step only needs to calculate the exhaust pressure of the tailpipe, the muffler, the GPF in front temperature sensor, the catalytic converter, and the turbocharger.

[0101] In one possible implementation, the step of determining the exhaust pressure of the tailpipe based on the ambient pressure can be: determining the ambient pressure as the exhaust pressure of the tailpipe; or, calibrating the ambient pressure to obtain the exhaust pressure of the tailpipe, wherein the step of calibrating the ambient pressure to obtain the exhaust pressure of the tailpipe can be: reducing the ambient pressure by a first preset pressure to obtain the exhaust pressure of the tailpipe, wherein the first preset pressure is approximately equal to the pressure drop of the tailpipe.

[0102] In one possible implementation, the step of determining the exhaust pressure of the muffler and the exhaust pressure of the GPF front temperature sensor based on the pressure value measured by the GPF differential pressure sensor can be: determining the pressure value measured by the GPF differential pressure sensor as the exhaust pressure of the muffler and the exhaust pressure of the GPF front temperature sensor; or, calibrating the pressure value measured by the GPF differential pressure sensor to obtain the exhaust pressure of the muffler and the exhaust pressure of the GPF front temperature sensor; wherein, the step of calibrating the pressure value measured by the GPF differential pressure sensor to obtain the exhaust pressure of the muffler and the exhaust pressure of the GPF front temperature sensor can be: reducing the pressure value measured by the GPF differential pressure sensor by a second preset pressure to obtain the exhaust pressure of the muffler, and reducing the pressure value measured by the GPF differential pressure sensor by a third preset pressure to obtain the exhaust pressure of the GPF front temperature sensor.

[0103] In one possible implementation, the step of determining the catalytic converter's exhaust pressure based on the exhaust pressure from the GPF inlet temperature sensor and the catalytic converter's pressure drop can be as follows: determine the difference between the exhaust pressure from the GPF inlet temperature sensor and the catalytic converter's pressure drop to obtain the catalytic converter's exhaust pressure. Before this step, the catalytic converter's pressure drop needs to be determined. The process for determining the catalytic converter's pressure drop can be as follows: determine the catalytic converter's exhaust flow rate, and determine the catalytic converter's pressure drop based on the catalytic converter's exhaust flow rate.

[0104] In one possible implementation, prior to this step, a correlation between exhaust flow rate and pressure drop is generated through experimental calibration. Correspondingly, the step of determining the catalytic converter's pressure drop based on its exhaust flow rate can be: determining the catalytic converter's pressure drop from the correlation between exhaust flow rate and pressure drop based on the catalytic converter's exhaust flow rate. In another possible implementation, the on-board terminal pre-stores fifth correlation data between the catalytic converter's exhaust flow rate and pressure drop, where the dependent variable is pressure drop and the independent variable is exhaust flow rate. Accordingly, in this step, the catalytic converter's exhaust flow rate is input into the fifth correlation data to obtain the catalytic converter's pressure drop.

[0105] In one possible implementation, determining the turbocharger's exhaust pressure based on the catalytic converter's exhaust pressure and the turbocharger's pressure drop can be achieved by: determining the difference between the catalytic converter's exhaust pressure and the turbocharger's pressure drop, thus obtaining the turbocharger's exhaust pressure. This exhaust pressure is used in the engine's intake air volume calculation. Additionally, when an abnormal exhaust pressure is detected, a corresponding fault (such as a clogged particulate filter) is reported. Accordingly, for any exhaust component among the tailpipe, muffler, GPF front temperature sensor, catalytic converter, and turbocharger, a pressure threshold is determined for that component. If the exhaust pressure of a component exceeds the pressure threshold, a fault alarm is triggered; if the exhaust pressure is not higher than the pressure threshold, the pressure state of the component is considered normal.

[0106] In this embodiment, since the exhaust structure array is generated based on the vehicle's exhaust system and includes multiple exhaust components arranged sequentially, the sequential order of these components is determined. Therefore, based on the exhaust structure array, the exhaust parameters (exhaust temperature, exhaust pressure, and exhaust flow rate) of the next exhaust component can be determined from the previous one. Thus, this embodiment only requires adjusting the configuration structure of the exhaust structure array to be applied to vehicles with different exhaust systems, reducing software development time and consequently lowering the cost of determining vehicle exhaust parameters.

[0107] Please refer to Figure 3, which shows a flowchart of a method for determining vehicle exhaust parameters according to an exemplary embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, the determination of exhaust temperature is used as an example for illustration. Referring to Figure 3, the method includes:

[0108] Step 301: The vehicle terminal generates an exhaust structure array that matches the vehicle's exhaust system. The exhaust structure array includes the component identifiers of the connecting pipes, the turbocharger, the EGR intake port, the catalytic converter, the GPF front temperature sensor, the GPF particulate filter, the GPF differential pressure sensor, the muffler, and the tailpipe, arranged in sequence.

[0109] In some embodiments, this step is the same as step 201, and will not be described again here.

[0110] In one possible implementation, the on-board terminal determines a first sequence, which is the order from the first exhaust component to the last exhaust component in the exhaust structure array. Based on this first sequence, it identifies the exhaust component whose exhaust flow needs to be determined, points the array pointer variable to that exhaust component, and then determines the exhaust temperature of the exhaust component pointed to by the array pointer variable. For example, if the first sequence is: connecting pipe - turbocharger - EGR intake - catalytic converter - GPF front temperature sensor - GPF particulate filter - GPF differential pressure sensor - muffler - tailpipe, then first the array pointer vector is pointed to the component identifier of the connecting pipe to determine the exhaust temperature of the connecting pipe; then the array pointer is pointed to the component identifier of the turbocharger to determine the exhaust temperature of the turbocharger, and so on, until the exhaust temperature of the tailpipe is determined.

[0111] Step 302: The vehicle terminal points the array pointer variable to the component identifier of the connecting pipe, determines the heat loss value of the connecting pipe, and determines the exhaust temperature of the connecting pipe based on the heat loss value of the connecting pipe and the exhaust temperature of the engine.

[0112] In some embodiments, the step of determining the heat loss value of the connecting pipe is the same as (2-1) in step 203, and will not be repeated here. Based on the heat loss value of the connecting pipe and the exhaust temperature of the engine, the step of determining the exhaust temperature of the connecting pipe can be: determining the sum of the heat loss value of the connecting pipe and the exhaust temperature of the engine to obtain the exhaust temperature of the connecting pipe; or, performing a weighted summation of the heat loss value of the connecting pipe and the exhaust temperature of the engine to obtain the exhaust temperature of the connecting pipe.

[0113] Step 303: The vehicle terminal points the array pointer variable to the component identifier of the turbocharger, determines the heat loss value of the turbocharger, and determines the exhaust temperature of the turbocharger based on the heat loss value of the turbocharger and the exhaust temperature of the connecting pipe.

[0114] In some embodiments, the step of determining the heat loss value of the turbocharger is the same as step (2-2) in step 203, and will not be repeated here. The step of determining the exhaust temperature of the turbocharger based on the heat loss value of the turbocharger and the exhaust temperature of the connecting pipe can be: determining the sum of the heat loss value of the turbocharger and the exhaust temperature of the connecting pipe to obtain the exhaust temperature of the turbocharger; or, performing a weighted summation of the heat loss value of the turbocharger and the exhaust temperature of the connecting pipe to obtain the exhaust temperature of the turbocharger.

[0115] Step 304: The vehicle terminal points the array pointer variable to the component identifier of the EGR intake port, determines the heat loss value of the EGR intake port, and determines the exhaust temperature of the EGR intake port based on the heat loss value of the EGR intake port and the exhaust temperature of the turbocharger.

[0116] In some embodiments, the step of determining the heat loss value of the EGR intake port is the same as step (2-1) in step 203, and will not be repeated here. The step of determining the exhaust temperature of the EGR intake port based on the heat loss value of the EGR intake port and the exhaust temperature of the turbocharger can be: determining the sum of the heat loss value of the EGR intake port and the exhaust temperature of the turbocharger to obtain the exhaust temperature of the EGR intake port; or, performing a weighted summation of the heat loss value of the EGR intake port and the exhaust temperature of the turbocharger to obtain the exhaust temperature of the EGR intake port.

[0117] Step 305: The vehicle terminal points the array pointer variable to the component identifier of the catalytic converter, determines the heat loss value of the catalytic converter, and determines the exhaust temperature of the catalytic converter based on the heat loss value of the catalytic converter and the exhaust temperature of the EGR intake port.

[0118] In some embodiments, the step of determining the heat loss value of the catalytic converter is the same as (2-3) in step 203, and will not be repeated here. Based on the heat loss value of the catalytic converter and the exhaust temperature of the EGR intake, the step of determining the exhaust temperature of the catalytic converter can be: determining the sum of the heat loss value of the catalytic converter and the exhaust temperature of the EGR intake to obtain the exhaust temperature of the catalytic converter; or, performing a weighted summation of the heat loss value of the catalytic converter and the exhaust temperature of the EGR intake to obtain the exhaust temperature of the catalytic converter.

[0119] Step 306: The vehicle terminal points the array pointer variable to the component identifier of the GPF front temperature sensor, and determines the exhaust temperature of the GPF front temperature sensor based on the temperature value measured by the GPF front temperature sensor.

[0120] In some embodiments, this step is the same as step (4) in step 203, and will not be repeated here.

[0121] Step 307: The vehicle terminal points the array pointer variable to the component identifier of the GPF particulate filter, determines the heat loss value of the GPF particulate filter, and determines the exhaust temperature of the GPF particulate filter based on the heat loss value of the GPF particulate filter and the exhaust temperature of the GPF front temperature sensor.

[0122] In some embodiments, the step of determining the heat dissipation loss value of the GPF particulate filter is the same as step (2-3) in step 203, and will not be repeated here. The step of determining the exhaust temperature of the GPF particulate filter based on the heat dissipation loss value of the GPF particulate filter and the exhaust temperature of the GPF inlet temperature sensor can be: determining the sum of the heat dissipation loss value of the GPF particulate filter and the exhaust temperature of the GPF inlet temperature sensor to obtain the exhaust temperature of the GPF particulate filter; or, performing a weighted summation of the heat dissipation loss value of the GPF particulate filter and the exhaust temperature of the GPF inlet temperature sensor to obtain the exhaust temperature of the GPF particulate filter.

[0123] Step 308: The vehicle terminal points the array pointer variable to the component identifier of the GPF differential pressure sensor, determines the heat dissipation loss value of the GPF differential pressure sensor, and determines the exhaust temperature of the GPF differential pressure sensor based on the heat dissipation loss value of the GPF differential pressure sensor and the exhaust temperature of the GPF particulate filter.

[0124] In some embodiments, the step of determining the heat dissipation loss value of the GPF differential pressure sensor is the same as step (2-1) in step 203, and will not be repeated here. The step of determining the exhaust temperature of the GPF differential pressure sensor based on the heat dissipation loss value and the exhaust temperature of the GPF particulate filter can be: determining the sum of the heat dissipation loss value of the GPF differential pressure sensor and the exhaust temperature of the GPF particulate filter to obtain the exhaust temperature of the GPF differential pressure sensor; or, performing a weighted summation of the heat dissipation loss value of the GPF differential pressure sensor and the exhaust temperature of the GPF particulate filter to obtain the exhaust temperature of the GPF differential pressure sensor.

[0125] Step 309: The vehicle terminal points the array pointer variable to the component identifier of the muffler, determines the heat loss value of the muffler, and determines the exhaust temperature of the muffler based on the heat loss value of the muffler and the exhaust temperature of the GPF differential pressure sensor.

[0126] In some embodiments, the step of determining the heat loss value of the muffler is the same as step (2-1) in step 203, and will not be repeated here. The step of determining the exhaust temperature of the muffler based on the heat loss value of the muffler and the exhaust temperature of the GPF differential pressure sensor can be: determining the sum of the heat loss value of the muffler and the exhaust temperature of the GPF differential pressure sensor to obtain the exhaust temperature of the muffler; or, performing a weighted summation of the heat loss value of the muffler and the exhaust temperature of the GPF differential pressure sensor to obtain the exhaust temperature of the muffler.

[0127] Step 310: The vehicle terminal points the array pointer variable to the component identifier of the tailpipe, determines the heat loss value of the tailpipe, and determines the exhaust temperature of the tailpipe based on the heat loss value of the tailpipe and the exhaust temperature of the muffler.

[0128] In some embodiments, the step of determining the heat loss value of the tail-end pipeline is the same as (2-1) in step 203, and will not be repeated here. Based on the heat loss value of the tail-end pipeline and the exhaust temperature of the muffler, the step of determining the exhaust temperature of the tail-end pipeline can be: determining the sum of the heat loss value of the tail-end pipeline and the exhaust temperature of the muffler to obtain the exhaust temperature of the tail-end pipeline; or, performing a weighted summation of the heat loss value of the tail-end pipeline and the exhaust temperature of the muffler to obtain the exhaust temperature of the tail-end pipeline.

[0129] An exhaust structure array is defined to store different configurations of the engine's exhaust system. Different exhaust components, from the exhaust inlet to the exhaust outlet, are sequentially added to this exhaust structure array in ascending order. An array pointer variable `I` is defined; each time exhaust parameters are calculated, `I` is incremented from the minimum to the maximum value in the array sequence, reading the different exhaust system structures stored in array `A`. Based on the read exhaust structure, different logic is selected to calculate the exhaust parameters such as exhaust temperature, exhaust pressure, and exhaust flow rate for that structure, and these calculated parameters are stored in the corresponding arrays for easy retrieval.

[0130] By adopting the solution of this invention, it is only necessary to fill the structure of different exhaust systems into the relevant exhaust structure array to apply it to different models of engines, thereby reducing the time cost of matching and developing software and hardware.

[0131] For example, referring to Figure 4, at the start of exhaust parameter calculation, the array pointer variable I is initialized to 0, and then the array pointer variable points to the first exhaust component in the exhaust structure array. Then, it is determined whether I is less than or equal to the component array sequence of the exhaust structure array. If I is less than or equal to the component array sequence, the exhaust component pointed to by I is read. Based on the exhaust structure of the exhaust component, the exhaust parameter calculation logic of the exhaust component is determined. Based on the exhaust parameter calculation logic, the exhaust parameters (including exhaust temperature, exhaust flow rate, and exhaust pressure) of the exhaust component are determined. Then, I is incremented by 1, and the array pointer variable after I+1 points to the next exhaust component. The above process is repeated. If I is greater than the component array sequence, the exhaust parameter calculation ends.

[0132] Step 311: The vehicle terminal generates an exhaust temperature array based on the exhaust structure array. The exhaust temperature array includes the component identifier of each exhaust component in the exhaust structure array and the temperature element corresponding to each exhaust component. When the exhaust temperature of any exhaust component is determined, the exhaust temperature of any exhaust component is stored in the temperature element corresponding to the component identifier of any exhaust component in the exhaust temperature array.

[0133] For example, please refer to Table 2. The exhaust temperatures of the connecting pipes, turbocharger, EGR intake, catalytic converter, GPF front temperature sensor, GPF particulate filter, GPF differential pressure sensor, muffler, and tailpipe are T1-T9 respectively. The vehicle terminal will then store T1-T9 in the exhaust temperature array.

[0134] Table 2

[0135] In this embodiment, since the exhaust structure array is generated based on the vehicle's exhaust system and includes multiple exhaust components arranged sequentially, the sequential order of these components is determined. Therefore, based on the exhaust structure array, the exhaust temperature of the next exhaust component can be determined from the previous one. Thus, this embodiment only requires adjusting the configuration structure of the exhaust structure array to be applied to vehicles with different exhaust systems, reducing software development time and consequently lowering the cost of determining vehicle exhaust temperature.

[0136] Please refer to Figure 5, which shows a flowchart of a method for determining vehicle exhaust parameters according to an exemplary embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, the determination of exhaust flow rate is used as an example for illustration. Referring to Figure 3, the method includes:

[0137] Step 501: The vehicle terminal generates an exhaust structure array that matches the vehicle's exhaust system. The exhaust structure array includes the component identifiers of the connecting pipes, the turbocharger, the EGR intake port, the catalytic converter, the GPF front temperature sensor, the GPF particulate filter, the GPF differential pressure sensor, the muffler, and the tailpipe, arranged in sequence.

[0138] In some embodiments, this step is the same as step 201, and will not be described again here.

[0139] In one possible implementation, the on-board terminal determines a first sequence, which is the order from the first exhaust component to the last exhaust component in the exhaust structure array. Based on this first sequence, it identifies the exhaust component whose exhaust flow needs to be determined, points the array pointer variable to that exhaust component, and then determines the exhaust flow of that component. For example, if the first sequence is: connecting pipe - turbocharger - EGR intake - catalytic converter - GPF front temperature sensor - GPF particulate filter - GPF differential pressure sensor - muffler - tailpipe, then first the array pointer vector is pointed to the component identifier of the connecting pipe to determine the exhaust flow of the connecting pipe; then the array pointer is pointed to the component identifier of the turbocharger to determine the exhaust flow of the turbocharger, and so on, until the exhaust flow of the tailpipe is determined.

[0140] Step 502: The vehicle terminal points the array pointer variable to the component identifier of the connecting pipe, and determines the exhaust flow rate of the connecting pipe based on the intake flow rate and fuel flow rate of the exhaust system.

[0141] In some embodiments, the step of determining the exhaust flow rate of the connecting pipeline based on the intake air flow rate and fuel flow rate of the exhaust system is the same as step 202, and will not be repeated here.

[0142] Step 503: The vehicle terminal points the array pointer variable to the component identifier of the turbocharger, and determines the exhaust flow of the turbocharger based on the intake flow and fuel flow of the exhaust system.

[0143] In some embodiments, the step of determining the exhaust flow rate of the turbocharger based on the intake flow rate and fuel flow rate of the exhaust system is the same as step 202, and will not be repeated here.

[0144] Step 504: The vehicle terminal points the array pointer variable to the component identifier of the EGR intake port, and determines the exhaust flow rate of the EGR intake port based on the intake flow rate, fuel flow rate and the flow rate of the EGR intake port.

[0145] In some embodiments, the step of determining the exhaust flow rate of the EGR intake port based on the intake flow rate, fuel flow rate, and EGR intake port flow rate is the same as step 202, and will not be repeated here.

[0146] Step 505: The vehicle terminal points the array pointer variable to the component identifier of the catalytic converter, and determines the exhaust flow rate of the catalytic converter based on the intake flow rate, fuel flow rate and the flow rate of the EGR intake port.

[0147] In some embodiments, the step of determining the exhaust flow rate of the catalyst based on the intake flow rate, fuel flow rate, and EGR intake flow rate is the same as step 202, and will not be repeated here.

[0148] Step 506: The vehicle terminal points the array pointer variable to the component identifier of the GPF front temperature sensor, and determines the exhaust flow of the GPF front temperature sensor based on the intake flow, fuel flow and EGR intake flow.

[0149] In some embodiments, the step of determining the exhaust flow rate of the GPF front temperature sensor based on the intake flow rate, fuel flow rate, and EGR intake flow rate is the same as step 202, and will not be repeated here.

[0150] Step 507: The vehicle terminal points the array pointer variable to the component identifier of the GPF particulate filter, and determines the exhaust flow rate of the GPF particulate filter based on the intake flow rate, fuel flow rate and the flow rate of the EGR intake port.

[0151] In some embodiments, the step of determining the exhaust flow rate of the GPF particulate filter based on the intake flow rate, fuel flow rate, and EGR intake flow rate is the same as step 202, and will not be repeated here.

[0152] Step 508: The vehicle terminal points the array pointer variable to the component identifier of the GPF differential pressure sensor, and determines the exhaust flow rate of the GPF differential pressure sensor based on the intake flow rate, fuel flow rate and the flow rate at the EGR intake port.

[0153] In some embodiments, the step of determining the exhaust flow rate of the GPF differential pressure sensor based on the intake flow rate, fuel flow rate, and EGR intake flow rate is the same as step 202, and will not be repeated here.

[0154] Step 509: The vehicle terminal points the array pointer variable to the muffler component identifier and determines the muffler exhaust flow rate based on the intake flow rate, fuel flow rate, and EGR intake flow rate.

[0155] In some embodiments, the step of determining the exhaust flow rate of the muffler based on the intake flow rate, fuel flow rate, and EGR intake flow rate is the same as step 202, and will not be repeated here.

[0156] Step 510: The vehicle terminal points the array pointer variable to the component identifier of the tailpipe, and determines the exhaust flow rate of the tailpipe based on the intake flow rate, fuel flow rate and the flow rate of the EGR intake port.

[0157] In some embodiments, the step of determining the exhaust flow rate of the tailpipe based on the intake flow rate, fuel flow rate, and EGR intake flow rate is the same as step 202, and will not be repeated here.

[0158] Step 511: The vehicle terminal generates an exhaust flow array based on the exhaust structure array. The exhaust flow array includes the component identifier of each exhaust component in the exhaust structure array and the flow element corresponding to each exhaust component. When the exhaust flow of any exhaust component is determined, the exhaust flow of any exhaust component is stored in the flow element corresponding to the component identifier of any exhaust component in the exhaust flow array.

[0159] For example, please refer to Table 3. The exhaust flow rates of the connecting pipes, turbocharger, EGR intake, catalytic converter, GPF front flow sensor, GPF particulate filter, GPF differential pressure sensor, muffler, and tailpipe are M1-M9 respectively. The vehicle terminal will then store M1-M9 in the exhaust flow rate array.

[0160] Table 3

[0161] Since the exhaust structure array is generated based on the vehicle's exhaust system, and includes multiple exhaust components arranged sequentially, the sequential order of these components is determined. Therefore, based on the exhaust structure array, the exhaust flow rate of the next exhaust component can be determined from the previous one. Thus, in this embodiment, only the configuration structure of the exhaust structure array needs to be adjusted to apply to vehicles with different exhaust systems, reducing software development time and thereby lowering the cost of determining vehicle exhaust flow rate.

[0162] Please refer to Figure 6, which shows a flowchart of a method for determining vehicle exhaust parameters according to an exemplary embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, the determination of exhaust pressure is used as an example for illustration. Referring to Figure 6, the method includes:

[0163] Step 601: The vehicle terminal generates an exhaust structure array that matches the vehicle's exhaust system. The exhaust structure array includes the component identifiers of the connecting pipes, the turbocharger, the EGR intake port, the catalytic converter, the GPF front temperature sensor, the GPF particulate filter, the GPF differential pressure sensor, the muffler, and the tailpipe, arranged in sequence.

[0164] In some embodiments, this step is the same as step 201, and will not be described again here.

[0165] In one possible implementation, the on-board terminal determines a second sequence, which is the order from the last exhaust component to the first exhaust component in the exhaust structure array. Based on this second sequence, it identifies the exhaust component whose exhaust pressure needs to be determined, points the array pointer variable to that component, and then determines the exhaust pressure of that component. For example, if the second sequence is: tailpipe - muffler - GPF differential pressure sensor - GPF particulate filter - GPF front temperature sensor - EGR intake - catalytic converter - turbocharger, then the array pointer variable is first pointed to the tailpipe to determine its exhaust pressure, then the array pointer variable is pointed to the muffler to determine its exhaust pressure, and so on, until the exhaust pressure of the connecting pipe is determined.

[0166] Step 602: The vehicle terminal points the array pointer variable to the component identifier of the tailpipe and determines the exhaust pressure of the tailpipe based on the ambient pressure.

[0167] In some embodiments, the step of determining the exhaust pressure of the tailpipe based on the ambient pressure is the same as step 204, and will not be repeated here.

[0168] Step 603: The vehicle terminal points the array pointer variable to the muffler component identifier and determines the muffler exhaust pressure based on the pressure value measured by the GPF differential pressure sensor.

[0169] In some embodiments, the step of determining the exhaust pressure of the muffler based on the pressure value measured by the GPF differential pressure sensor is the same as step 204, and will not be repeated here.

[0170] Step 604: The vehicle terminal points the array pointer variable to the component identifier of the GPF front temperature sensor, and determines the exhaust pressure of the GPF front temperature sensor based on the pressure value measured by the GPF differential pressure sensor.

[0171] In some embodiments, the step of determining the exhaust pressure of the GPF pre-temperature sensor based on the pressure value measured by the GPF differential pressure sensor is the same as step 204, and will not be repeated here.

[0172] Step 605: The vehicle terminal points the array pointer variable to the component identifier of the catalytic converter, and determines the exhaust pressure of the catalytic converter based on the exhaust pressure of the GPF front temperature sensor and the pressure drop of the catalytic converter.

[0173] In some embodiments, the step of determining the exhaust pressure of the catalyst based on the exhaust pressure of the GPF pre-temperature sensor and the pressure drop of the catalyst is the same as step 204, and will not be repeated here.

[0174] Step 606: The vehicle terminal points the array pointer variable to the component identifier of the turbocharger, and determines the exhaust pressure of the turbocharger based on the exhaust pressure of the catalytic converter and the pressure drop of the turbocharger.

[0175] In some embodiments, the step of determining the turbocharger exhaust pressure based on the catalytic converter exhaust pressure and the turbocharger pressure drop is the same as step 204, and will not be repeated here.

[0176] Step 607: The vehicle terminal generates an exhaust pressure array based on the exhaust structure array. The exhaust pressure array includes the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the tailpipe, the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the muffler, the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the GPF front temperature sensor, the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the catalytic converter, and the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the turbocharger. When the exhaust pressure of any exhaust component is determined, the exhaust pressure of any exhaust component is stored in the pressure element corresponding to the component identifier of any exhaust component in the exhaust pressure array.

[0177] For example, please refer to Table 4. The exhaust pressure of the tailpipe, the exhaust pressure of the muffler, the exhaust pressure of the GPF front temperature sensor, the exhaust pressure of the catalytic converter, and the exhaust pressure of the turbocharger are P1-P5 respectively. The vehicle terminal will store P1-P5 in the exhaust pressure array.

[0178] Table 4

[0179] In this embodiment, since the exhaust structure array is generated based on the vehicle's exhaust system and includes multiple exhaust components arranged sequentially, the sequential order of these components is determined. Therefore, the exhaust pressure of the next exhaust component can be determined based on the exhaust structure array and the previous exhaust component. Thus, this embodiment only requires adjusting the configuration of the exhaust structure array to be applied to vehicles with different exhaust systems, reducing software development time and consequently lowering the cost of determining vehicle exhaust pressure.

[0180] Please refer to Figure 7, which shows a block diagram of a vehicle exhaust parameter determination device according to an exemplary embodiment of this application. The device includes:

[0181] The generation module 701 is used to generate an exhaust structure array that matches the exhaust system based on the vehicle's exhaust system. The exhaust structure array includes the component identifiers of the connecting pipes, the component identifiers of the turbocharger, the component identifiers of the EGR intake, the component identifiers of the catalytic converter, the component identifiers of the GPF front temperature sensor, the component identifiers of the GPF particulate filter, the component identifiers of the GPF differential pressure sensor, the component identifiers of the muffler, and the component identifiers of the tailpipes, arranged in sequence.

[0182] The first determining module 702 is used to determine the exhaust flow rate of the connecting pipe and the exhaust flow rate of the turbocharger based on the intake flow rate and fuel flow rate of the exhaust system when determining the exhaust flow rate; and to determine the exhaust flow rate of the EGR intake port, the exhaust flow rate of the catalytic converter, the exhaust flow rate of the GPF front temperature sensor, the exhaust flow rate of the GPF particulate filter, the exhaust flow rate of the GPF differential pressure sensor, the exhaust flow rate of the muffler, and the exhaust flow rate of the tailpipe based on the intake flow rate, fuel flow rate, and the flow rate of the EGR intake port.

[0183] The second determining module 703 is used to determine the heat loss value of any exhaust component among the connecting pipes, turbocharger, EGR intake, catalytic converter, GPF particulate filter, GPF differential pressure sensor, muffler, and tailpipe when determining the exhaust temperature; determine the exhaust temperature of the exhaust component based on the heat loss value of the exhaust component and the exhaust temperature of the exhaust component in the previous stage of the exhaust structure array; and determine the exhaust temperature of the GPF front temperature sensor based on the temperature value measured by the GPF front temperature sensor.

[0184] The third determining module 704 is used to determine the exhaust pressure of the tailpipe based on the ambient pressure when determining the exhaust pressure; determine the exhaust pressure of the muffler and the exhaust pressure of the GPF front temperature sensor based on the pressure value measured by the GPF differential pressure sensor; determine the exhaust pressure of the catalytic converter based on the exhaust pressure of the GPF front temperature sensor and the pressure drop of the catalytic converter; and determine the exhaust pressure of the turbocharger based on the exhaust pressure of the catalytic converter and the pressure drop of the turbocharger.

[0185] In one possible implementation, the second determining module 703 is used to determine the specific heat of the exhaust component, the ambient temperature, and the vehicle speed; and to determine the heat loss value of the exhaust component based on the specific heat, the ambient temperature, and the vehicle speed.

[0186] In another possible implementation, the second determining module 703 is used to determine the heat loss value of the exhaust component based on specific heat, ambient temperature and vehicle speed, when the exhaust component is any one of the following: connecting pipe, EGR intake port, GPF differential pressure sensor, muffler and tailpipe.

[0187] The second determining module 703 is used to determine a first heat loss value based on specific heat, ambient temperature and vehicle speed when the exhaust component is a turbocharger; determine a second heat loss value based on the front-rear pressure ratio and exhaust flow rate of the exhaust component; and determine the heat loss value of the exhaust component based on the first heat loss value and the second heat loss value.

[0188] The second determining module 703 is used to determine a first heat loss value based on specific heat, ambient temperature and vehicle speed when the exhaust component is a catalytic converter or a GPF particulate filter; determine a third heat loss value based on the exhaust flow rate and air-fuel ratio of the exhaust component; and determine the heat loss value of the exhaust component based on the first heat loss value and the third heat loss value.

[0189] In another possible implementation, the device also includes:

[0190] The third determining module 704 is used to determine the first order, which is the order from the first exhaust component to the last exhaust component in the exhaust structure array;

[0191] The fourth determination module is used to determine the connecting pipes and turbochargers whose exhaust flow needs to be determined based on the first order, and to point the array pointer variable to the connecting pipes and turbochargers.

[0192] In another possible implementation, the device also includes:

[0193] The first storage module is used to generate an exhaust flow array based on the exhaust structure array. The exhaust flow array includes the component identifier of each exhaust component in the exhaust structure array and the flow element corresponding to each exhaust component. When the exhaust flow of any exhaust component is determined, the exhaust flow of any exhaust component is stored in the flow element corresponding to the component identifier of any exhaust component in the exhaust flow array.

[0194] The second storage module is used to generate an exhaust temperature array based on the exhaust structure array. The exhaust temperature array includes the component identifier of each exhaust component in the exhaust structure array and the temperature element corresponding to each exhaust component. When the exhaust temperature of any exhaust component is determined, the exhaust temperature of any exhaust component is stored in the temperature element corresponding to the component identifier of any exhaust component in the exhaust temperature array.

[0195] The third storage module is used to generate an exhaust pressure array based on the exhaust structure array. The exhaust pressure array includes the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the tailpipe, the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the muffler, the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the GPF front temperature sensor, the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the catalytic converter, and the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the turbocharger. When the exhaust pressure of any exhaust component is determined, the exhaust pressure of any exhaust component is stored in the pressure element corresponding to the component identifier of any exhaust component in the exhaust pressure array.

[0196] In another possible implementation, the device also includes:

[0197] The fifth determining module is used to determine the oxygen storage content of the catalytic converter based on the exhaust flow rate of the catalytic converter, and to adjust the oxygen storage content of the catalytic converter if the oxygen storage content is not within a preset range; and / or,

[0198] The sixth determining module is used to determine the temperature threshold of any exhaust component in the exhaust structure array; to cool the exhaust component if its exhaust temperature is higher than the temperature threshold; and / or,

[0199] The seventh determination module is used to determine the pressure threshold of any exhaust component among the tailpipe, muffler, GPF front temperature sensor, catalytic converter and turbocharger, and to issue a fault alarm for the exhaust component when the exhaust pressure of the exhaust component is higher than the pressure threshold.

[0200] Since the exhaust structure array is generated based on the vehicle's exhaust system, and includes multiple exhaust components arranged sequentially, the sequential order of these components is determined. Therefore, based on the exhaust structure array, the exhaust temperature of the next exhaust component can be determined from the previous one. Thus, in this embodiment, only the configuration structure of the exhaust structure array needs to be adjusted to apply to vehicles with different exhaust systems, reducing software development time and consequently lowering the cost of determining vehicle exhaust temperature.

[0201] It should be noted that the vehicle exhaust parameter determination device provided in the above embodiments is only illustrated by the division of the above functional modules. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the vehicle terminal can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. In addition, the vehicle exhaust parameter determination device and the vehicle exhaust parameter determination method embodiments provided in the above embodiments belong to the same concept, and the specific implementation process can be found in the method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0202] Please refer to Figure 8, which shows a structural block diagram of an in-vehicle terminal 800 provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application. The in-vehicle terminal 800 can be a portable mobile in-vehicle terminal, such as a smartphone, tablet computer, MP3 player (Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer III), MP4 player (Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer IV), laptop computer, or desktop computer. The in-vehicle terminal 800 may also be referred to as user equipment, portable in-vehicle terminal, laptop in-vehicle terminal, desktop in-vehicle terminal, or other names.

[0203] Typically, the vehicle terminal 800 includes a processor 801 and a memory 802.

[0204] Processor 801 may include one or more processing cores, such as a quad-core processor or an octa-core processor. Processor 801 may be implemented using at least one hardware form selected from DSP (Digital Signal Processing), FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), and PLA (Programmable Logic Array). Processor 801 may also include a main processor and a coprocessor. The main processor, also known as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), is used to process data in the wake-up state; the coprocessor is a low-power processor used to process data in the standby state. In some embodiments, processor 801 may integrate a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), which is responsible for rendering and drawing the content to be displayed on the screen. In some embodiments, processor 801 may also include an AI (Artificial Intelligence) processor, which is used to handle computational operations related to machine learning.

[0205] The memory 802 may include one or more computer-readable storage media, which may be non-transitory. The memory 802 may also include high-speed random access memory and non-volatile memory, such as one or more disk storage devices or flash memory devices. In some embodiments, the non-transitory computer-readable storage media in the memory 802 are used to store at least one piece of program code, which is executed by the processor 801 to implement the operations performed by the vehicle terminal in the vehicle display method provided in the method embodiments of this application.

[0206] In some embodiments, the vehicle terminal 800 may optionally include a peripheral device interface 803 and at least one peripheral device. The processor 801, memory 802, and peripheral device interface 803 can be connected via a bus or signal line. Each peripheral device can be connected to the peripheral device interface 803 via a bus, signal line, or circuit board. Specifically, the peripheral device includes at least one of the following: a radio frequency circuit 804, a display screen 805, a camera assembly 806, an audio circuit 807, and a power supply 808.

[0207] Peripheral device interface 803 can be used to connect at least one I / O (Input / Output) related peripheral device to processor 801 and memory 802. In some embodiments, processor 801, memory 802 and peripheral device interface 803 are integrated on the same chip or circuit board; in some other embodiments, any one or two of processor 801, memory 802 and peripheral device interface 803 can be implemented on separate chips or circuit boards, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0208] The radio frequency (RF) circuit 804 is used to receive and transmit RF (Radio Frequency) signals, also known as electromagnetic signals. The RF circuit 804 communicates with communication networks and other communication devices via electromagnetic signals. The RF circuit 804 converts electrical signals into electromagnetic signals for transmission, or converts received electromagnetic signals back into electrical signals. Optionally, the RF circuit 804 includes: an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, an oscillator, a digital signal processor, a codec chipset, a user identity module card, etc. The RF circuit 804 can communicate with other vehicle terminals via at least one wireless communication protocol. This wireless communication protocol includes, but is not limited to: the World Wide Web, metropolitan area networks, intranets, various generations of mobile communication networks (2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G), wireless local area networks, and / or WiFi (Wireless Fidelity) networks. In some embodiments, the RF circuit 804 may also include circuitry related to NFC (Near Field Communication), which is not limited in this application.

[0209] Display screen 805 is used to display a UI (User Interface). This UI may include graphics, text, icons, videos, and any combination thereof. When display screen 805 is a touch display screen, it also has the ability to collect touch signals on or above its surface. These touch signals can be input as control signals to processor 801 for processing. In this case, display screen 805 can also be used to provide virtual buttons and / or a virtual keyboard, also known as soft buttons and / or a soft keyboard. In some embodiments, there may be one display screen 805, disposed on the front panel of the vehicle terminal 800; in other embodiments, there may be at least two display screens, disposed on different surfaces of the vehicle terminal 800 or in a folded design; in still other embodiments, display screen 805 may be a flexible display screen, disposed on a curved or folded surface of the vehicle terminal 800. Furthermore, display screen 805 may be configured as a non-rectangular irregular shape, i.e., a non-rectangular screen. Display screen 805 may be made of materials such as LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) or OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode).

[0210] The camera assembly 806 is used to acquire images or videos. Optionally, the camera assembly 806 includes a front-facing camera and a rear-facing camera. Typically, the front-facing camera is located on the front panel of the vehicle terminal, and the rear-facing camera is located on the back of the vehicle terminal. In some embodiments, there are at least two rear-facing cameras, which are any one of a main camera, a depth-sensing camera, a wide-angle camera, and a telephoto camera, to achieve background blurring by fusion of the main camera and the depth-sensing camera, panoramic shooting by fusion of the main camera and the wide-angle camera, VR (Virtual Reality) shooting, or other fusion shooting functions. In some embodiments, the camera assembly 806 may also include a flash. The flash can be a single-color temperature flash or a dual-color temperature flash. A dual-color temperature flash refers to a combination of a warm light flash and a cool light flash, which can be used for light compensation at different color temperatures.

[0211] The audio circuit 807 may include a microphone and a speaker. The microphone is used to collect sound waves from the user and the environment, converting the sound waves into electrical signals that are input to the processor 801 for processing, or input to the radio frequency circuit 804 for voice communication. For stereo sound acquisition or noise reduction purposes, multiple microphones may be used, each positioned at a different location on the vehicle terminal 800. The microphone may also be an array microphone or an omnidirectional microphone. The speaker is used to convert the electrical signals from the processor 801 or the radio frequency circuit 804 into sound waves. The speaker may be a traditional diaphragm speaker or a piezoelectric ceramic speaker. When the speaker is a piezoelectric ceramic speaker, it can convert electrical signals not only into audible sound waves but also into inaudible sound waves for purposes such as distance measurement. In some embodiments, the audio circuit 807 may also include a headphone jack.

[0212] Power supply 808 is used to power the various components in the vehicle terminal 800. Power supply 808 can be AC ​​power, DC power, a disposable battery, or a rechargeable battery. When power supply 808 includes a rechargeable battery, the rechargeable battery can be a wired rechargeable battery or a wireless rechargeable battery. A wired rechargeable battery is a battery that is charged via a wired line, and a wireless rechargeable battery is a battery that is charged via a wireless coil. The rechargeable battery can also be used to support fast charging technology.

[0213] In some embodiments, the vehicle terminal 800 further includes one or more sensors 809. The one or more sensors 809 include, but are not limited to, an acceleration sensor 810, a gyroscope sensor 811, a pressure sensor 812, an optical sensor 813, and a proximity sensor 814.

[0214] Accelerometer 810 can detect the magnitude of acceleration along the three axes of a coordinate system established by the vehicle terminal 800. For example, accelerometer 810 can be used to detect the components of gravitational acceleration along the three axes. Processor 801 can control display screen 805 to display the user interface in either a landscape or portrait view based on the gravitational acceleration signal acquired by accelerometer 810. Accelerometer 810 can also be used for games or for acquiring user motion data.

[0215] The gyroscope sensor 811 can detect the orientation and rotation angle of the vehicle terminal 800. The gyroscope sensor 811, in conjunction with the accelerometer sensor 810, can collect 3D motion data from the user on the vehicle terminal 800. Based on the data collected by the gyroscope sensor 811, the processor 801 can perform the following functions: motion sensing (e.g., changing the UI based on the user's tilt), image stabilization during shooting, game control, and inertial navigation.

[0216] The pressure sensor 812 can be disposed on the side bezel of the vehicle terminal 800 and / or the lower layer of the display screen 805. When the pressure sensor 812 is disposed on the side bezel of the vehicle terminal 800, it can detect the user's grip signal on the vehicle terminal 800, and the processor 801 can perform left / right hand recognition or quick operation based on the grip signal collected by the pressure sensor 812. When the pressure sensor 812 is disposed on the lower layer of the display screen 805, the processor 801 can control the operable controls on the UI interface based on the user's pressure operation on the display screen 805. The operable controls include at least one of button controls, scroll bar controls, icon controls, and menu controls.

[0217] An optical sensor 813 is used to collect ambient light intensity. In one embodiment, the processor 801 can control the display brightness of the display screen 805 based on the ambient light intensity collected by the optical sensor 813. Specifically, when the ambient light intensity is high, the display brightness of the display screen 805 is increased; when the ambient light intensity is low, the display brightness of the display screen 805 is decreased. In another embodiment, the processor 801 can also dynamically adjust the shooting parameters of the camera assembly 806 based on the ambient light intensity collected by the optical sensor 813.

[0218] The proximity sensor 814, also known as a distance sensor, is typically installed on the front panel of the vehicle terminal 800. The proximity sensor 814 is used to detect the distance between the user and the front of the vehicle terminal 800. In one embodiment, when the proximity sensor 814 detects that the distance between the user and the front of the vehicle terminal 800 is gradually decreasing, the processor 801 controls the display screen 805 to switch from a screen-on state to a screen-off state; when the proximity sensor 814 detects that the distance between the user and the front of the vehicle terminal 800 is gradually increasing, the processor 801 controls the display screen 805 to switch from a screen-off state to a screen-on state.

[0219] Those skilled in the art will understand that the structure shown in FIG8 does not constitute a limitation on the vehicle terminal 800, and may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or adopt different component arrangements.

[0220] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing at least one piece of program code, which is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the method for determining vehicle exhaust parameters as described in any of the above implementations. Optionally, the storage medium may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM (Read-Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory), magnetic tape, floppy disk, and optical data storage device.

[0221] This application also provides a computer program product that stores at least one piece of program code, which is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the method for determining vehicle exhaust parameters as shown in the above embodiments.

[0222] In some embodiments, the computer program product involved in the present application can be deployed and executed on a vehicle terminal, or on multiple vehicle terminals located in one location, or on multiple vehicle terminals distributed in multiple locations and interconnected through a communication network. Multiple vehicle terminals distributed in multiple locations and interconnected through a communication network can form a blockchain system.

[0223] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above embodiments can be implemented by hardware or by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a read-only memory, a disk, or an optical disk.

[0224] The above description is only for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to understand the technical solution of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for determining vehicle exhaust parameters, wherein, The method includes: Based on the vehicle's exhaust system, an exhaust structure array matching the exhaust system is generated. The exhaust structure array includes, in sequence, component identifiers of the connecting pipes, turbocharger, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) intake port, catalytic converter, particulate filter (GPF) pre-temperature sensor, GPF particulate trap, GPF differential pressure sensor, muffler, and tailpipe. When determining the exhaust flow rate, the exhaust flow rate of the connecting pipe and the exhaust flow rate of the turbocharger are determined based on the intake flow rate and fuel flow rate of the exhaust system; the exhaust flow rate of the EGR intake, the exhaust flow rate of the catalytic converter, the exhaust flow rate of the GPF front temperature sensor, the exhaust flow rate of the GPF particulate filter, the exhaust flow rate of the GPF differential pressure sensor, the exhaust flow rate of the muffler, and the exhaust flow rate of the tailpipe are determined based on the intake flow rate, the fuel flow rate, and the flow rate of the EGR intake. When determining the exhaust temperature, for any exhaust component among the connecting pipe, the turbocharger, the EGR intake, the catalytic converter, the GPF particulate filter, the GPF differential pressure sensor, the muffler, and the tailpipe, determine the heat loss value of that exhaust component. Based on the heat loss value of the exhaust component and the exhaust temperature of the exhaust component at the next higher level in the exhaust structure array, determine the exhaust temperature of that exhaust component. Based on the temperature value measured by the GPF in-line temperature sensor, determine the exhaust temperature of the GPF in-line temperature sensor. When determining the exhaust pressure, the exhaust pressure of the tailpipe is determined based on the ambient pressure; the exhaust pressure of the muffler and the exhaust pressure of the GPF front temperature sensor are determined based on the pressure value measured by the GPF differential pressure sensor; the exhaust pressure of the catalytic converter is determined based on the exhaust pressure of the GPF front temperature sensor and the pressure drop of the catalytic converter; and the exhaust pressure of the turbocharger is determined based on the exhaust pressure of the catalytic converter and the pressure drop of the turbocharger.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Determining the heat loss value of the exhaust component includes: Determine the specific heat of the exhaust component, the ambient temperature, and the vehicle speed; The heat loss value of the exhaust component is determined based on the specific heat, the ambient temperature, and the vehicle speed.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, Determining the heat loss value of the exhaust component based on the specific heat, the ambient temperature, and the vehicle speed includes: When the exhaust component is any one of the following: the connecting pipe, the EGR intake port, the GPF differential pressure sensor, the muffler, and the tailpipe, the heat loss value of the exhaust component is determined based on the specific heat, the ambient temperature, and the vehicle speed. When the exhaust component is the turbocharger, a first heat loss value is determined based on the specific heat, the ambient temperature, and the vehicle speed; a second heat loss value is determined based on the front-to-rear pressure ratio and exhaust flow rate of the exhaust component; and the heat loss value of the exhaust component is determined based on the first heat loss value and the second heat loss value. When the exhaust component is the catalyst or the GPF particulate filter, a first heat loss value is determined based on the specific heat, the ambient temperature, and the vehicle speed; a third heat loss value is determined based on the exhaust flow rate and air-fuel ratio of the exhaust component; and the heat loss value of the exhaust component is determined based on the first heat loss value and the third heat loss value.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Determining the exhaust flow rate of the connecting pipeline and the exhaust flow rate of the turbocharger based on the intake air flow rate and fuel flow rate of the exhaust system includes: A first order is determined, which is the order from the first exhaust component to the last exhaust component in the exhaust structure array; Based on the first order, the connecting pipe and the turbocharger for which the exhaust flow rate needs to be determined are identified. An array pointer variable is set to point to the connecting pipe and the turbocharger. Then, the step of determining the exhaust flow rate of the connecting pipe and the exhaust flow rate of the turbocharger based on the intake flow rate and fuel flow rate of the exhaust system is executed.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The method further includes: Based on the exhaust structure array, an exhaust flow array is generated. The exhaust flow array includes the component identifier of each exhaust component in the exhaust structure array and the flow element corresponding to each exhaust component. When the exhaust flow of any exhaust component is determined, the exhaust flow of any exhaust component is stored in the flow element corresponding to the component identifier of any exhaust component in the exhaust flow array. Based on the exhaust structure array, an exhaust temperature array is generated. The exhaust temperature array includes the component identifier of each exhaust component in the exhaust structure array and the temperature element corresponding to each exhaust component. When the exhaust temperature of any exhaust component is determined, the exhaust temperature of any exhaust component is stored in the temperature element corresponding to the component identifier of any exhaust component in the exhaust temperature array. Based on the exhaust structure array, an exhaust pressure array is generated. The exhaust pressure array includes the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the tailpipe, the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the muffler, the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the GPF front temperature sensor, the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the catalytic converter, and the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the turbocharger. When the exhaust pressure of any exhaust component is determined, the exhaust pressure of any exhaust component is stored in the pressure element corresponding to the component identifier of that exhaust component in the exhaust pressure array.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The method further includes: Based on the exhaust flow rate of the catalyst, determine the oxygen storage content of the catalyst; if the oxygen storage content of the catalyst is not within a preset range, adjust the oxygen storage content of the catalyst; and / or, For any exhaust component in the exhaust structure array, determine a temperature threshold for that exhaust component; if the exhaust temperature of the exhaust component is higher than the temperature threshold, cool the exhaust component; and / or, For any one of the exhaust components, including the tailpipe, the muffler, the GPF front temperature sensor, the catalytic converter, and the turbocharger, determine the pressure threshold of the exhaust component, and if the exhaust pressure of the exhaust component is higher than the pressure threshold, issue a fault alarm for the exhaust component.

7. A device for determining vehicle exhaust parameters, wherein, The device includes: The generation module is used to generate an exhaust structure array that matches the vehicle's exhaust system. The exhaust structure array includes, in sequence, a connecting pipe, a turbocharger, an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) intake port, a catalytic converter, a particulate filter (GPF) pre-temperature sensor, a GPF particulate trap, a GPF differential pressure sensor, a muffler, and a tailpipe. The first determining module is used to determine the exhaust flow rate of the connecting pipeline and the exhaust flow rate of the turbocharger based on the intake flow rate and fuel flow rate of the exhaust system when determining the exhaust flow rate; and to determine the exhaust flow rate of the EGR intake port, the exhaust flow rate of the catalytic converter, the exhaust flow rate of the GPF front temperature sensor, the exhaust flow rate of the GPF particulate filter, the exhaust flow rate of the GPF differential pressure sensor, the exhaust flow rate of the muffler, and the exhaust flow rate of the tailpipe based on the intake flow rate, the fuel flow rate, and the flow rate of the EGR intake port. The second determining module is used to, when determining the exhaust temperature, determine the heat loss value of any exhaust component among the connecting pipe, the turbocharger, the EGR intake, the catalytic converter, the GPF particulate filter, the GPF differential pressure sensor, the muffler, and the tailpipe; determine the exhaust temperature of the exhaust component based on the heat loss value of the exhaust component and the exhaust temperature of the exhaust component at the next higher level in the exhaust structure array; and determine the exhaust temperature of the GPF front temperature sensor based on the temperature value measured by the GPF front temperature sensor. The third determining module is used to determine the exhaust pressure of the tailpipe based on the ambient pressure when the exhaust pressure is determined; to determine the exhaust pressure of the muffler and the exhaust pressure of the GPF front temperature sensor based on the pressure value measured by the GPF differential pressure sensor; to determine the exhaust pressure of the catalytic converter based on the exhaust pressure of the GPF front temperature sensor and the pressure drop of the catalytic converter; and to determine the exhaust pressure of the turbocharger based on the exhaust pressure of the catalytic converter and the pressure drop of the turbocharger.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein, The second determining module is used to determine the specific heat of the exhaust component, the ambient temperature, and the vehicle speed; and to determine the heat loss value of the exhaust component based on the specific heat, the ambient temperature, and the vehicle speed.

9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein, The second determining module is used to determine the heat loss value of the exhaust component based on the specific heat, the ambient temperature, and the vehicle speed, when the exhaust component is any one of the following: the connecting pipe, the EGR intake port, the GPF differential pressure sensor, the muffler, and the tailpipe. The second determining module is used to determine a first heat loss value based on the specific heat, the ambient temperature, and the vehicle speed when the exhaust component is the turbocharger; Based on the front-to-back pressure ratio and exhaust flow rate of the exhaust component, a second heat dissipation loss value is determined; based on the first heat dissipation loss value and the second heat dissipation loss value, the heat dissipation loss value of the exhaust component is determined. The second determining module is used to determine a first heat loss value based on the specific heat, the ambient temperature, and the vehicle speed when the exhaust component is the catalyst or the GPF particulate filter; determine a third heat loss value based on the exhaust flow rate and air-fuel ratio of the exhaust component; and determine the heat loss value of the exhaust component based on the first heat loss value and the third heat loss value.

10. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein, The device further includes: The third determining module is used to determine a first order, which is the order from the first exhaust component to the last exhaust component in the exhaust structure array; The fourth determining module is used to determine the connecting pipe and the turbocharger for which the exhaust flow rate needs to be determined based on the first order, and to point the array pointer variable to the connecting pipe and the turbocharger.

11. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein, The device further includes: The first storage module is used to generate an exhaust flow array based on the exhaust structure array. The exhaust flow array includes a component identifier for each exhaust component in the exhaust structure array and a flow element corresponding to each exhaust component. When the exhaust flow of any exhaust component is determined, the exhaust flow of any exhaust component is stored in the flow element corresponding to the component identifier of any exhaust component in the exhaust flow array. The second storage module is used to generate an exhaust temperature array based on the exhaust structure array. The exhaust temperature array includes the component identifier of each exhaust component in the exhaust structure array and the temperature element corresponding to each exhaust component. When the exhaust temperature of any exhaust component is determined, the exhaust temperature of any exhaust component is stored in the temperature element corresponding to the component identifier of any exhaust component in the exhaust temperature array. The third storage module is used to generate an exhaust pressure array based on the exhaust structure array. The exhaust pressure array includes the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the tailpipe, the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the muffler, the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the GPF front temperature sensor, the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the catalytic converter, and the component identifiers and corresponding pressure elements of the turbocharger. When the exhaust pressure of any exhaust component is determined, the exhaust pressure of any exhaust component is stored in the pressure element corresponding to the component identifier of that exhaust component in the exhaust pressure array.

12. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein, The device further includes: The fifth determining module is used to determine the oxygen storage content of the catalyst based on the exhaust flow rate of the catalyst, and to adjust the oxygen storage content of the catalyst if the oxygen storage content is not within a preset range; and / or, The sixth determining module is used to determine a temperature threshold for any exhaust component in the exhaust structure array; and to cool the exhaust component if its exhaust temperature is higher than the temperature threshold; and / or, The seventh determination module is used to determine the pressure threshold of any exhaust component among the tailpipe, the muffler, the GPF front temperature sensor, the catalytic converter, and the turbocharger, and to issue a fault alarm for the exhaust component when the exhaust pressure of the exhaust component is higher than the pressure threshold.

13. A vehicle-mounted terminal, wherein, The vehicle terminal includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing at least one piece of program code, which is loaded and executed by the processor to implement the method for determining vehicle exhaust parameters as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

14. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein, The storage medium stores at least one piece of program code, which is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the method for determining vehicle exhaust parameters as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

15. A computer program product, wherein, The product stores at least one piece of program code, which is executed by a processor to implement the method for determining vehicle exhaust parameters as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

Images