Assembly having wood layers, and rail vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to an assembly having wood layers for rail vehicles, which assembly comprises a plurality of layers from which a material composite made of a laminate material comprising wood is formed. According to the invention, the assembly comprises a measuring device, wherein at least a first component of the measuring device is at least partially interposed between at least a first layer (2) of the material composite and a second layer (3) of the material composite, wherein the at least first component of the measuring device is in the form of a signal-transmission means (1), and wherein the measuring device comprises at least one measuring unit in the form of a power-measuring device. This makes it possible to diagnose and / or monitor the assembly.

Description

[0001] 202323685

[0002] 1

[0003] Description

[0004] Arrangement with layers of wood and rail vehicle

[0005] The invention relates to an arrangement with layers of wood for rail vehicles, which comprises a plurality of layers from which a composite material in a layered material with wood is formed.

[0006] There is often a need to reduce the mass of mechanical components, for example in the field of railway vehicle technology. Compliance with environmental assessment criteria for the manufacture and use of components, vehicles, etc., is also frequently required. Lightweight components (e.g., structural parts for railway vehicles) are often made of aluminum, fiberglass, or carbon fiber materials.

[0007] Components made from wood composites are considered climate-friendly (especially compared to materials like steel, etc.), which is why, for example, efforts are being made to replace steel components with laminated timber components. These laminated timber components can withstand high mechanical loads and often need to be designed for a long service life (e.g., 30 years for rail vehicles).

[0008] Extensive material testing, short maintenance intervals with visual inspections and / or short component replacement intervals are often required for heavily stressed components.

[0009] For example, WO 2024 / 023170 A1 is known from the prior art, in which a rail vehicle with a fairing assembly is shown. The fairing assembly comprises a plurality of fairing parts. The fairing parts are made of a laminated material containing wood or of wood. The laminated material can, for example, be a veneer laminate.

[0010] Furthermore, EP 2 368 781 A1 shows an impact protection for a chassis of a rail vehicle, wherein an impact energy absorbing element can be formed in a wood material.

[0011] The invention is based on the objective of providing an arrangement with layers of wood that is further developed compared to the prior art and incorporates a diagnostic and / or monitoring function. 202323685

[0012] 2

[0013] According to the invention, this problem is solved by an arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the arrangement comprises a measuring device, wherein at least a first component of the measuring device is at least partially interposed between at least a first layer of the composite material and a second layer of the composite material, wherein the at least first component of the measuring device is configured as a signal transmission means, and wherein the measuring device comprises at least one measuring unit configured as a power meter. The first component is thus at least partially embedded in the composite material. The first layer and the second layer can, for example, be bonded together, wherein the first component can, for example, be arranged within an adhesive layer which is interposed between the first layer and the second layer, etc. This measure allows, for example, sensors (e.g.,resistive strain gauges), which are attached to the surface of a component, can be dispensed with.

[0014] The first component of the measuring device is protected from environmental influences. Furthermore, this measure allows for diagnostics and / or monitoring of the assembly during or immediately after its manufacturing process (for example, to adjust production parameters such as temperature, drying levels, shrinkage, or pressing forces). Additionally, the number of visual inspections of the assembly can be reduced, for example, during operation. It is also possible to define component replacement intervals based on the assembly's condition as determined by the measuring device. This prevents the premature failure of still-intact components. Predictive, condition-based maintenance can be implemented. This also allows for the monitoring of properties (e.g.,The device can be used to assess the load-bearing capacity and / or aging of the arrangement (e.g., through an evaluation of material parameters) and / or the effects of environmental influences on the arrangement (which may cause deformation). Furthermore, the measuring device can be used for continuous monitoring of the arrangement during operation. Based on this monitoring, warning events (e.g., upon detection of excessive deformation) can be generated and issued.

[0015] The measuring unit can be used, for example, to perform power level measurements on signals transmitted by the first component of the measuring device. These measurements can indicate, for instance, excessive signal attenuation if, for example, an expected power level or a power level limit of a transmitted signal is undershot. Excessive signal attenuation, in turn, can indicate excessive deformation or fracture of the composite material. 202323685

[0016] 3

[0017] Further advantageous embodiments of the arrangement according to the invention are set out in the dependent claims.

[0018] High signal transmission speed and signal transmission over long distances are made possible if the signal transmission medium is designed as an optical fiber and at least one measuring unit is designed as an optical power meter.

[0019] By using an optical signal transmission principle, interference with signal transmission by electromagnetic fields is avoided.

[0020] For example, a straightforward exchange of the measuring arrangement can be made possible if the measuring arrangement is detachably connected to the signal transmission means.

[0021] An energy supply for the measuring arrangement that is independent of external power supply devices or batteries is achieved if the measuring arrangement is designed as an energy harvesting arrangement.

[0022] The measuring arrangement can, for example, be designed as a vibration energy harvesting arrangement with at least one piezoelectric crystal, etc.

[0023] Wireless data transmission to and / or from the measuring arrangement is also enabled if the measuring arrangement includes at least one antenna.

[0024] Large areas of the arrangement can be covered by a diagnosis and / or monitoring of the arrangement if at least the first component of the measuring device is meandering.

[0025] It can also be helpful if at least the first component of the measuring device is located exclusively in that or those most heavily loaded or stressed area or areas of the arrangement.

[0026] This measure eliminates the need for the first component of the measuring device to fully expose the arrangement. The first component can be located, for example, in the area of ​​force and / or torque transmission to or from the arrangement (e.g., in the area of ​​a bearing or clamping point, etc.) or in an area or areas where high mechanical stresses are expected in the arrangement.

[0027] 4 are arranged (for example, due to a notch-like geometry of the arrangement in this area or these areas).

[0028] A promising field of application for the arrangement according to the invention can be opened up with a rail vehicle with at least one arrangement according to the invention.

[0029] In the field of railway vehicle technology, diagnostics and / or monitoring of components is often desirable due to sometimes strict safety requirements.

[0030] 202323685

[0031] 5

[0032] The invention will now be explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments.

[0033] They show, for example:

[0034] Fig. 1: A plan view of a section from an exemplary first

[0035] An embodiment of an arrangement according to the invention with wood layers forming a composite material and with an exemplary first embodiment of a measuring device, wherein a measuring arrangement is arranged outside the composite material.

[0036] Fig. 2: A plan view of a section of an exemplary second

[0037] An embodiment of an arrangement according to the invention with wood layers forming a composite material and with an exemplary second embodiment of a measuring device, wherein a measuring arrangement is embedded in the composite material, and

[0038] Fig. 3: A side view of a section of an exemplary embodiment of a rail vehicle according to the invention with a chassis and a car body, as well as with further exemplary embodiments of an arrangement according to the invention with wooden layers which are designed as cladding parts.

[0039] 202323685

[0040] 6

[0041] Fig. 1 shows a plan view of a section of an exemplary first embodiment of an arrangement according to the invention for rail vehicles with a plurality of wood layers forming a composite material and with an exemplary first embodiment of a measuring device. The composite material is thus made of a layered material with wood.

[0042] A first component of the measuring device is designed as a signal transmission means 1, which is designed as an optical fiber.

[0043] The first component has a meandering shape and is positioned between a first layer 2 and a second layer 3 of the composite material. The first layer 2 is bonded to the second layer 3. The first component of the measuring device is located within an adhesive layer 4, which is positioned between the first layer 2 and the second layer 3.

[0044] The measuring device further comprises a measuring arrangement 5, which has a signal transmitter, a signal receiver and a measuring unit and is detachably connected to the signal transmission means 1 via a connector 6 and an optical connection fiber 7.

[0045] The signal transmitter, the signal receiver and the measuring unit are arranged in one housing.

[0046] The measuring arrangement 5 can, for example, be connected to the signal transmission means 1 for a measurement process and, after the measurement process, be disconnected from the signal transmission means 1, etc. The measuring arrangement 5 can, for example, be used for a plurality of arrangements according to the invention.

[0047] The measuring arrangement 5 is located completely outside the material composite. The connector 6 is partially embedded in the material composite.

[0048] The measuring unit includes a signal converter for analog-to-digital conversion of optical signals, enabling them to be processed (e.g., evaluated) and transmitted in digital form, etc. The measuring arrangement includes connections for data transmission.

[0049] According to the invention, it is also conceivable to connect an antenna 8 for radio-based data transmission, as shown by way of example in Fig. 2, to the measuring arrangement 5.

[0050] The measuring arrangement 5 also includes a battery for the electrical power supply of the measuring device.

[0051] According to the invention, it is also conceivable that the measuring arrangement 5 is designed as an energy harvesting arrangement (e.g., as a vibration energy harvesting arrangement with at least one piezoelectric crystal). 202323685

[0052] 7

[0053] Optical signals are introduced into the signal transmission device 1 by means of the signal transmitter. At one end of the signal transmission device 1, the signals are reflected, guided back through the signal transmission device 1, and received by the signal receiver. The measuring unit is designed as an optical power meter and is coupled to the signal receiver. The power level measurements of the reflected, received signals are performed by the measuring unit, from which signal attenuation can be inferred.

[0054] If the signal attenuation exceeds a defined threshold, for example, this can indicate excessive deformation of the material composite.

[0055] Power level measurements can thus be used to detect deformations and / or fractures of the material composite and / or to determine material properties (e.g. elongation at break, etc.) of the material composite.

[0056] The arrangement can be used, for example, as a structural component (e.g., as a frame, console, trim part or body part, etc.).

[0057] Fig. 2 shows a plan view of a section of an exemplary second embodiment of an arrangement according to the invention for rail vehicles with wood layers forming a composite material and with an exemplary second embodiment of a measuring device.

[0058] This exemplary second embodiment of an arrangement according to the invention is similar to that of the exemplary first embodiment of an arrangement according to the invention, which is why some of the same reference numerals are used in Fig. 2 as in Fig. 1.

[0059] In contrast to Fig. 1, the arrangement according to Fig. 2 has a measuring arrangement 5 which is arranged between a first layer 2 of the material composite and a second layer 3 of the material composite.

[0060] The measuring arrangement 5 is designed as a vibration energy harvesting arrangement with a piezoelectric crystal for its electrical energy supply. The piezoelectric crystal is arranged in a housing of the measuring arrangement 5.

[0061] The measuring arrangement 5 also includes an antenna 8, via which data recorded by the measuring arrangement 5 can be transmitted wirelessly (via WiFi) (for example, to an evaluation device, etc.). According to the invention, it is also conceivable that wireless data transmission takes place via Bluetooth or LoRaWAN, etc. 202323685

[0062] 8

[0063] A first component of the measuring device, which is designed as a signal transmission means 1 and is implemented as an optical fiber, is located exclusively in the most heavily loaded and stressed area of ​​the arrangement. A bearing (not shown in Fig. 2) is located in this area, through which bearing reactions are transmitted to and from the arrangement.

[0064] Fig. 3 shows a side view of a section of an exemplary embodiment of a rail vehicle according to the invention, comprising a car body 9 and a chassis 10, wherein the car body 9 is supported on the chassis 10. The chassis 10 includes a first wheelset 11 and a first drive (not shown) which drives the first wheelset 11, as well as a second wheelset 12 and a second drive (not shown) which drives the second wheelset 12.

[0065] The chassis 10 and the car body 9 are partially clad in exemplary embodiments of an arrangement according to the invention with layers of wood, which are designed as cladding parts of a cladding arrangement.

[0066] The exemplary embodiments of an arrangement according to the invention with layers of wood are designed according to the constructive, functional and joining principles described in connection with Fig. 1.

[0067] However, according to the invention, it is also conceivable to implement the exemplary embodiment variants of an arrangement according to the invention with layers of wood according to those constructive, functional and connection-technical principles as described in connection with Fig. 2.

[0068] A first fairing part 13 of the fairing assembly, a second fairing part 14 of the fairing assembly and a third fairing part 15 of the fairing assembly form an underbody fairing of the chassis 10 and are connected to the chassis 10.

[0069] A fourth fairing part 16 of the fairing assembly is connected to the chassis 10 and forms a side fairing of the chassis 10.

[0070] A roof area of ​​the car body 9, in which a roof equipment of the car body 9 not visible in Fig. 3 is arranged, is covered by means of a fifth cladding part 17 of the cladding arrangement, which is connected to the car body 9.

[0071] An underfloor area of ​​the car body 9, in which an underfloor equipment of the car body 9 not visible in Fig. 3 is arranged, is connected to the car body 9 by means of a sixth cladding part 18 of the cladding arrangement.

[0072] 9 is, is covered. The sixth fairing part 18 functions as a skirt fairing part of the rail vehicle.

[0073] The fourth fairing part 16 and the sixth fairing part 18 are curved at the bottom (into the plane of Fig. 3).

[0074] The fifth cladding part 17 is curved at the top (into the plane of Fig. 3).

[0075] The first fairing part 13, the second fairing part 14, the third fairing part 15 and the fourth fairing part 16 are connected to the chassis 10 by first connecting devices, which are not visible in Fig. 3.

[0076] The fifth cladding part 17 and the sixth cladding part 18 are connected to second connecting devices, not visible in Fig. 3, for connecting the fifth cladding part 17 and the sixth cladding part 18 to the car body 9.

[0077] Regardless of the grammatical gender of a particular term, persons with male, female or other gender identities are included.

[0078] 202323685

[0079] 10

[0080] Reference symbol list

[0081] 1 Signal transmission means

[0082] 2 First shift

[0083] 3 Second shift

[0084] 4 adhesive layers

[0085] 5 Measuring setup

[0086] 6 connectors

[0087] 7 Connecting fiber

[0088] 8 antenna

[0089] 9 Car bodies

[0090] 10 Chassis

[0091] 11 First wheelset

[0092] 12 Second wheelset

[0093] 13 First fairing part

[0094] 14 Second fairing part

[0095] 15 Third fairing part

[0096] 16 Fourth fairing part

[0097] 17 Fifth fairing part

[0098] 18 Sixth fairing part

Claims

202323685 11 Patent claims 1. Arrangement with layers of wood for railway vehicles, comprising a plurality of layers from which a composite material in a layered material with wood is formed, characterized in that the arrangement comprises a measuring device, wherein at least a first component of the measuring device is at least partially interposed between at least a first layer (2) of the composite material and a second layer (3) of the composite material, wherein the at least first component of the measuring device is designed as a signal transmission means (1), and wherein the measuring device comprises at least one measuring unit designed as a power measuring device.

2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that at least the first component of the measuring device is arranged within an adhesive layer (4) which is arranged between the first layer (2) and the second layer (3).

3. Arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the signal transmission means (1) is designed as an optical fiber and the at least one measuring unit is designed as an optical power meter.

4. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the measuring device comprises a measuring arrangement (5) comprising at least one signal transmitter, one signal receiver and at least one measuring unit, which is connected to the signal transmission means (1), wherein the at least one measuring unit is configured to determine signal attenuation.

5. Arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that the measuring arrangement (5) is detachably connected to the signal transmission means (1).

6. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the measuring device comprises a measuring arrangement (5) comprising at least one signal transmitter, one signal receiver and at least one measuring unit, which is at least partially interposed between the first layer (2) and the second layer (3). 202323685 12 7. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the measuring device comprises a measuring arrangement (5) comprising at least one signal transmitter, one signal receiver and at least one measuring unit, which is arranged completely outside the material composite.

8. Arrangement according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the measuring arrangement (5) is designed as an energy harvesting arrangement.

9. Arrangement according to claim 8, characterized in that the measuring arrangement (5) is designed as a vibration energy harvesting arrangement with at least one piezoelectric crystal.

10. Arrangement according to one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that the measuring arrangement (5) comprises at least one antenna (8).

11. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the at least first component of the measuring device is designed in a meandering shape.

12. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the measuring device is configured for the detection of deformations and / or fractures of the material composite and / or for the determination of material properties of the material composite.

13. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the arrangement is designed as a first cladding part (13) for a cladding arrangement.

14. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the at least first component of the measuring device is arranged exclusively in that or those most heavily loaded or stressed area or areas of the arrangement.

15. Rail vehicle with at least one arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 14.

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