Apparatus, system and method for analyzing a fluid of interest

Abstract

Embodiments pertain to a sampling and detecting system. The system comprises a sensing arrangement configured to produce and / or receive electronic signals; a processor; and a memory configured to store software code executable by the processor for enabling the system to perform the following steps: receiving, from the sensing arrangement, electronic signals relating to the sampled fluid of interest; processing data descriptive of the received electronic signals to determine whether the sampled fluid of interest may have been manipulated and / or contains a specific substance.

Description

[0001] APPARATUS, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ANALYZING A FLUID OF INTEREST

[0002] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0003] [1] This patent application claims priority and / or benefit from the following US provisional patent applications: US 63 / 688,156, filed August 24, 2024, titled "SUBSTANCE SAMPLER", US 63 / 747,449, filed January 21, 2025, titled "SUBSTANCE SAMPLING DEVICE, SYSTEM AND METHOD", and US 63 / 748,037, filed January 22, 2025, titled "SUBSTANCE SAMPLING DEVICE, SYSTEM AND METHOD".

[0004] [2] It should be noted that the abovementioned US provisional patent applications are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. To the extent required, features, examples, and / or technical explanations from the above-referenced applications that are necessary for support, enablement, and / or priority are expressly disclosed herein in full and should be considered repeated in the present application.

[0005] BACKGROUND

[0006] [3] Substance detection tools are used across a wide range of fields where identifying the presence, absence, or concentration of specific chemicals or compounds is critical.

[0007] [4] One significant challenge addressed by the present disclosure is the limited accessibility and reliability of existing substance detection tools in real-world settings and conditions.

[0008] [5] These real-world settings and conditions can include in public safety and law enforcement, substance detection tools may help detect illicit drugs, explosives, and hazardous materials. In healthcare and clinical diagnostics, the tools can be used to identify biomarkers, pathogens, and toxins in biological samples. Furthermore, in environmental monitoring, such tools may detect pollutants, contaminants, and toxins in air, water, and soil; and in the food and beverage industries, substance detection tools may be used to ensure safety, authenticity, and quality by identifying spoilage, adulterants, or allergens.

[0009] [6] Across all these domains, the common objective is rapid, accurate identification of substances to inform timely decisions and ensure safety, compliance, and / or performance.

[0010] [7] The description above is presented as a general overview of related art in this field and should not be construed as an admission that any of the information it contains constitutes prior art against the present patent application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0011] [8] In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, details and descriptions are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure.

[0012] [9] However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these details and descriptions.

[0013]

[0010] In the following description, the figures which are described illustrate generally, byway of example, but not by way of limitation, various embodiments discussed in the present document.

[0014]

[0011] For simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements shown in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to other elements for clarity of presentation.

[0015]

[0012] Furthermore, reference numerals may be repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements. References to previously presented elements are implied without necessarily further citing the drawing or description in which they appear.

[0016]

[0013] The number of elements shown in the Figures should not be construed as limiting and is for illustrative purposes only. The figures are listed below.

[0017]

[0014] Figure 1 is a schematic illustration descriptive of the disclosed apparatus, system, and method, according to some embodiments.

[0018]

[0015] Figure 2 is a schematic illustration descriptive of the disclosed method, according to some embodiments.

[0019]

[0016] Figure 3 is a schematic block diagram descriptive of the disclosed apparatus, system, and method, according to some embodiments.

[0020]

[0017] Figure 4 is an additional schematic block diagram descriptive of the disclosed apparatus, system, and method, according to some embodiments.

[0021]

[0018] Figure 5 is a first schematic illustration descriptive of the disclosed alignment, according to some embodiments.

[0022]

[0019] Figure 6 is a second schematic illustration descriptive of the disclosed alignment, according to some embodiments.

[0023]

[0020] Figure 7 is a schematic illustration descriptive of the sampler device including a cross-section view of the disclosed aspirating module, according to some embodiments.

[0021] Figure 8 is a schematic illustration descriptive of the sampler device including a close-up views of the proximal edge and the distal edge of the sampler device, according to some embodiments.

[0024]

[0022] Figure 9A-9B are schematic illustrations descriptive of the sampler device and the EM radiation attenuation unit, according to some embodiments.

[0025]

[0023] Figure 10 is a schematic illustration descriptive of the EM radiation control element, according to some embodiments.

[0026]

[0024] Figure 11A-11C are schematic illustrations descriptive of the sampling tube, according to some embodiments.

[0027]

[0025] Figure 12 is a first schematic illustration descriptive of the SERS sensing units, according to some embodiments.

[0028]

[0026] Figure 13A-B are second and third schematic illustrations descriptive of the SERS sensing units, according to some embodiments.

[0029]

[0027] Figure 14A-B are first and second schematic illustrations descriptive of the dispenser mechanism, according to some embodiments.

[0030]

[0028] Figure 15A-B are third and fourth schematic illustrations descriptive of the dispenser mechanism, according to some embodiments.

[0031]

[0029] Figure 16 is a first schematic illustration descriptive of a solid phase extraction (SPE) sample preparation technique, according to some embodiments.

[0032]

[0030] Figure 17A-B are second and third schematic illustrations descriptive of solid phase extraction (SPE) sample preparation techniques, according to some embodiments.

[0033]

[0031] Figure 18 is another schematic block diagram descriptive of the disclosed apparatus, system, and method, according to some embodiments.

[0034]

[0032] Figure 19 is a flow chart descriptive of the disclosed method, according to some embodiments.

[0035] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036]

[0033] The present disclosure relates generally to apparatuses, systems, and methods for substance detection, with a particular focus on sampling and sample analysis technologies and techniques.

[0037]

[0034] Traditionally, apparatuses, systems and methods for substance detection have commonly relied on established analytical and / or laboratory-based techniques known for their high sensitivity and specificity. These include chromatographic methods such as gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC), often used in combination with mass spectrometry (MS). These techniques allowed for separating, identifying, and quantifying of fluid mixtures.

[0038]

[0035] Additionally, spectroscopic techniques, including ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), infrared (IR), Raman, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, are also commonly employed for analyzing fluid mixtures interaction with electromagnetic radiation. Moreover, electrochemical methods, such as potentiometry and voltammetry, are means for detecting substances based on their reduction-oxidation and / or conductivity characteristics. Further examples of methods for substance detection include immunoassays and biosensors that offer biologically targeted detection through specific binding interactions.

[0039]

[0036] Despite traditional substance detection methods' proven effectiveness, these conventional methods require resource and / or labor-intensive prerequisites, for example, controlled laboratory environments, bulky or expensive instrumentation, and skilled personnel to perform and interpret the fluid analysis. In addition, sample preparation is often time-consuming, and the turnaround time for results may be impractical in time-sensitive and / or on-site scenarios.

[0040]

[0037] As a result, their use is often limited to clinical, forensic, industrial, and / or research settings, and they are not well suited for real-time, field-deployable applications where portability, simplicity, and immediate feedback are essential. These limitations are particularly problematic with respect to consumer safety and / or emergency detection use-cases.

[0041]

[0038] Recent advances in substance detection have emphasized the importance of rapid, on-site, and user-friendly analysis. These advances may minimize or eliminate the need for a laboratory and / or skilled personnel. Various advances may include the following:

[0042]

[0039] portable and / or wearable sensors that utilize, for example, electrochemical, EM radiation , or biosensing mechanisms to detect a variety of target analytes in real time;

[0043]

[0040] microfluidic and / or lab-on-a-chip platforms that have been developed to miniaturize and automate complex analytical processes, thereby reducing sample volume, reagent use, and / or processing time;

[0041] integration of nanomaterials such as, for example, graphene, gold nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes has significantly enhanced the sensitivity and specificity of colorimetric, electrochemical, and fluorescence-based assays; and / or

[0044]

[0042] artificial intelligence and / or machine learning algorithms enabling the interpretation of complex sensor outputs, facilitating real-time analysis and pattern recognition, particularly in data-rich environments.

[0045]

[0043] Nevertheless, despite the abovementioned technological advancements, several limitations persist, for example:

[0046]

[0044] portable and / or miniaturized systems may exhibit reduced precision, limited robustness, and / or variability in sensing capabilities under different environmental conditions;

[0047]

[0045] integration of nanomaterials may compromise selectivity and specificity due to cross-reactivity with non-target compounds, potentially leading to false-positive or false-negative results; and

[0048]

[0046] artificial intelligence and machine learning enabled detection platforms require extensive, high- quality datasets and careful calibration to ensure generalizable and accurate predictions.

[0049]

[0047] Consequently, while recent technological advancements have significantly expanded the potential for decentralized and real-time substance detection, practical deployment of these technologies continues to face challenges related to reliability, user adoption, and long-term performance stability in uncontrolled or variable environments.

[0050]

[0048] Although the disclosure herein primarily discusses embodiments relating to substance sampling, detection, and / or analysis system, this should by no means be construed in a limiting manner. Accordingly, additional systems, apparatuses and / or methods may also be employed to enable, e.g., detection of a target analyte in a fluid of interest by analyzing a sample of the fluid of interest.

[0051]

[0049] In the present disclosure, glossary paragraphs are presented for defining and clarifying specific terms and / or phrases as they are used throughout the specification and / or claims. As such, the glossary paragraphs are intended for providing consistent and unambiguous meanings for terminology that may have multiple interpretations, specialized usage, or context-specific significance within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0052]

[0050] Unless otherwise stated or clearly contradicted by context, the definitions set forth in the glossary apply uniformly throughout the description, claims, abstract, and drawings. Terms not explicitly defined herein are to be given their ordinary and customary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0053]

[0051] The terms "user", and / or "subject", may herein be used interchangeably and should by no means be construed in a limiting manner. Additionally, the term "user" refers to any individual who interacts with, operates, and / or benefits from the systems, apparatuses, methods, or functionalities described in the present disclosure. The user may be any person, regardless of technical training, and / or expertise, who actionably engages with the disclosed system.

[0054]

[0052] In some embodiments, the user may interact with a handheld, portable, or integrated detection apparatus and / or with a stationary, benchtop detection system. In some embodiments, the user may interact with the detection apparatus, and / or system via one or more I / O devices.

[0055]

[0053] The term "feedback" may refer to any notification, alert, instruction, visual, auditory, and / or haptic outputs, and / or data output that the user may be provided with from the system.

[0056]

[0054] The term "fluid of interest" may refer to any material, fluid, or portion thereof that is to be sampled with the objective of being further analyzed and evaluated. For example, a sample of a fluid of interest may be extracted with the purpose of detecting a target analyte within the sample.

[0057]

[0055] The terms "fluid of interest characteristic", "sampled fluid properties", "target fluid quality" as used herein, as well as grammatical variations thereof, may refer to a fluid characteristic that meets a quantitative and / or a qualitative criteria relating to a measurement and / or an analysis method that may be employed.

[0058]

[0056] In some embodiments, the fluid of interest characteristic may comprise, for example, one of the following: a concentration level of a target analyte in the sample; a fluid chemical property of a target analyte in the sample (e.g., solid-phase extraction (SPE) technology, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) measurements, pH measurement, Redox potential (ORP) assessment, solubility tests, and / or any related chemical property analysis method; a fluid EM radiation property of a target analyte in the sample (e.g., surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), Turbidity measurement, Refractive index assessment); a fluid electrical property of a target analyte in the sample (e.g., electrical conductivity); a fluid mechanical property (e.g., flow rate test outcomes, viscosity measurements, density); and / or a fluid biological property (e.g., enzymatic activity assessment, microbial count, Colony Forming Unit (CFU) testing, Total Organic Carbon (TOC)).

[0059]

[0057] The term "sample" may refer to any material, fluid, and / or portion thereof that is obtained, collected, and / or presented for the purpose of analysis, detection, and / or evaluation using the apparatuses, systems, and / or methods described herein. The sample may be derived from a fluid of interest associated to, for example, a beverage, a liquid, a biological fluid (e.g., saliva, blood, or urine), an environmental source (e.g., water or air), or any other medium assumed of containing a target analyte.

[0060]

[0058] In some embodiments, a sample may be in liquid, solid, semi-solid, vapor, or aerosol form. In addition, the sample may include mixtures, suspensions, gels, solutions, and / or emulsions. The terms "sample", and "fluid of interest" are intended to be construed broadly and encompasses both raw and processed materials suitable fortesting by the system disclosed herein. Therefore, the examples presented above should not be construed in a limiting manner.

[0061]

[0059] The terms "sampling a fluid", "obtaining a fluid", "collecting a fluid", "aspirating a fluid", "extracting a fluid" and / or alike, as used herein, as well as grammatical variations thereof, may refer to the process of drawing, transferring, and / or introducing a fluid of interest into a sampling tube and / or into a chamber within the system.

[0062]

[0060] In some embodiments, fluid aspiration may be accomplished by one of the following techniques comprising, for example: passive capillary action; manual suction, for example via a syringe, pipette, and / or a bulb; mechanically actuated pumping mechanisms for example peristaltic, diaphragm, and / or piston pumps; pneumatic-driven mechanism, vacuum-driven mechanism, and / or gravitational flow.

[0063]

[0061] In some embodiments, fluid aspiration may be initiated automatically, semiautomatically, and / or manually. In some embodiments, the system may be configured to control fluid aspiration. For example, the fluid aspiration technique employed may be selected based on factors such as fluid characteristics, volume requirements, system configuration, and / or application-specific constraints. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, the present disclosure is not limited to any particular fluid aspiration technique.

[0064]

[0062] The terms "sampling tube" , "test tube" and / or "sample tube" may herein be used interchangeably and should by no means be construed in a limiting manner. Additionally, the term "sampling tube" refers to a generally cylindrical, elongated container configured for, for example, receiving, preparing, holding, and / or containing a sample for the purpose of fluid analysis.

[0065]

[0063] In some embodiments, the test tube may allow flow of fluid at one end and closed at the other, and may be formed from glass (e.g., Pyrex and / or quartz), plastic, polymer, or any other suitable material that is chemically compatible with the sample and / or detection reagents. In some embodiments, the test tube may include additional features assistive for receiving, preparing, holding, and / or containing a sample that will be further disclosed herein.

[0064] In some embodiments, the test tube may be used independently or in conjunction with disclosed apparatuses, such as those disclosed herein, and may serve as a vessel for sampling, transporting, reacting with, and / or analyzing a fluid of interest. The term "test tube" is intended to encompass both conventional laboratory test tubes and any functionally equivalent container, vial, cartridge, and / or receptacle adapted for sample handling in the context of the present disclosure.

[0066]

[0065] The terms "substance" and "target analytes" may herein be used interchangeably and should by no means be construed in a limiting manner. Additionally, as used herein, the term "substance" refers broadly to any chemical, compound, material, and / or analyte that may be present in a sample and is targeted to be detected, identified, and / or analyzed by the apparatuses, systems and methods disclosed.

[0067]

[0066] In some examples, the substance may be in solid, liquid, gaseous, dissolved, dispersed, and / or suspended form. For example, the substance may include pharmaceuticals, narcotics, controlled substances, toxins, adulterants, solvents, allergens, illicit drugs (e.g., date rape drugs such as GHB, flunitrazepam, and / or ketamine), biological markers, and / or any other target analyte.

[0068]

[0067] In some examples, a substance may comprise a single molecular entity or a mixture of compounds and may be present in trace, low, or high concentrations. In some embodiments, the substance may be naturally occurring, intentionally introduced, or mistakeably present in the medium being tested, such as beverages, biological fluids, environmental samples, consumer products, and / or any other fluid of interest.

[0069]

[0068] The terms "light", "EM radiation", "optical signals", "signals" and / or grammatical variations thereof may herein be used interchangeably and should by no means be construed in a limiting manner. Additionally, it should be noted that the term "light" may not be limited to visible light, but also energy deliverable by electromagnetic energy in all and / or portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, including but not limited to radio frequency (RF), infrared (IR), near infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, etc. Light- related parameters that may be analyzed by embodiments of the system may include, for example, scattering, reflectance; transmittance, phase, polarization; intensity; coherence; and / or refraction.

[0070]

[0069] It is noted that where applicable, the expressions "sensor signal", "sensing signals" and / or "sensor data" may herein be used interchangeably.

[0071]

[0070] Embodiments generally relate to systems, apparatuses, and methods for detecting a target analyte by analyzing a sample of a fluid of interest. Merely to simplify the discussion that follows, the disclosure may herein refer to the "system". However, references to embodiments, examples, features, and / or functions should be appropriately interpreted with respect to the disclosed apparatuses and methods.

[0071] In some examples, the disclosed substance detection and analysis system may be employed by a user in various uncontrolled settings that may comprise environments and / or conditions in which external variables relevant to substance detection and / or analysis are not regulated, stabilized, and / or standardized. For example, uncontrolled settings may include public venues (e.g., bars, nightclubs, festivals), outdoor locations, private homes, vehicles, or any other location outside of a laboratory or clinical environment.

[0072]

[0072] In some examples, uncontrolled settings may affect operability, accuracy, and / or reliability of the system may be derived from factors such as inconsistent sample collection techniques, exposure to interfering substances, or varying environmental conditions. Accordingly, the system disclosed herein is configured for functioning effectively under such uncontrolled settings, non-laboratory, real-world conditions, providing, reproducible, repeatable, replicable, and / or robust performance and / or user- friendly operation despite the inherent variability and unpredictability of these environments.

[0073]

[0073] In some examples, external variables relevant to substance detection and / or analysis that may not be under control may include, for example, temperature, humidity, lighting, surface cleanliness, background noise (chemical or physical), user handling, and / or any variable associated with the user operable engagement with the system.

[0074]

[0074] In some embodiments, the system may comprise a sampler device and a fluid analysis apparatus (FAA) having a sensing arrangement that may be operably engaged in alignment with each other configured for enabling sensing a fluid of interest characteristic in a sample.

[0075]

[0075] In some embodiments, the user may operably (also: actionably) engage with the system when aspirating a sample of a fluid of interest into a sampling tube by utilizing the sampler. In addition, the user may operably (also: actionably) engage with the system when coupling the sampler device with the FAA to enable detecting a substance and / or analyzing a sample by the sensing arrangement.

[0076]

[0076] In some embodiments, the sampler device is removably mateable, e.g., couplable, with the FAA. In some examples, once the sampler device engages with the FAA, they may be configurable or are configured to communicate with each other for preparing, sensing, detecting, and / or analyzing the sampled fluid of interest.

[0077]

[0077] In some examples, the sampler device may be removably mateable to the FAA using various mating interfaces. The mating interface may comprise a FAA mating interface that is part of the FAA, and a corresponding sampler device interface that is part of the sampler device. A mating interface can include, for example, mechanical fasteners (e.g., snap-fit, rails), non-mechanical fastener elements (e.g., magnetic coupling), and / or any combination thereof.

[0078]

[0078] Additionally, or alternatively, the mating interfaces may be configured for allowing friction-based coupling and / or form-fitting coupling. As such, the coupling of the FAA and the sampler device may be facilitated by mechanical engagement by which two or more components of either the FAA and / or the sampler device, are physically joined without the use of adhesives, fasteners, and / or permanent bonding agents.

[0079]

[0079] In some examples, friction-based coupling may be achieved by pressing and / or sliding the mating interfaces together such that static friction between the mating interfaces maintains the coupling under normal use conditions. Form-fitting coupling may involve geometrically complementary features of the mating interfaces. For example, grooves, slots, ridges, recesses, tabs, and / or sockets may engage with one another to restrict relative motion between the mating interfaces, either wholly or partially, in one or more degrees of freedom.

[0080]

[0080] In some embodiments, the coupling may employ a combination of frictional, adhesive, and / or form-fitting features to enhance mechanical stability, repeatable attachment and detachment, and / or secure positioning of the sampler device relative to the FAA.

[0081]

[0081] In some embodiments, the coupling of the sampler device relative and the FAA may be permanent, semi-permanent, or reversible. Moreover, the coupling may be employed, for example, to ensure the alignment of the sensing arrangement relative to the sample in a sampling tube.

[0082]

[0082] In some embodiments, even when the sensing arrangement is not operable to responsively output sensing signals, the system may still maintain detection and / or analysis capabilities. Accordingly, the user may also operably interact with the sampler, e.g., when not coupled with the FAA, for detecting a substance and / or analyzing a sample.

[0083]

[0083] In some examples, the sensing arrangement may enable different modes of interaction with the sample configured for sensing, detecting a substance, and / or analyzing the sample. For example, the sensing arrangement may comprise the following sensing modules, separately or in any combination: an EM radiation system; a chemical module; an electromagnetic module; and a mechanical module. In some embodiments, the sensing modules may be adapted for obtaining a fluid of interest characteristic from the sensed sample.

[0084]

[0084] The system may be configured to collectively analyze the sensing data acquired by the sensing arrangement using: a trained machine-learning (ML) model; a classifier; a rule-based model; a deterministic model; or any combination of the aforementioned. The expression "collectively analyzing", as well as grammatical variations thereof, may refer to taking into consideration data relating to a plurality of same and / or different or distinct signals that are output by sensing arrangement.

[0085]

[0085] In some embodiments, processing data descriptive of sampled fluid of interest may involve rulebased logic, statistical classifiers, machine learning (ML) models, artificial intelligence (Al) algorithms, deterministic methods, or any combinations thereof. The data may relate to various fluids of interest characteristics. The sensing data may be processed using a range of advanced (e.g., ML and / or rule-based) algorithms, for example, to detect patterns, trends, and / or correlations, and / or to make predictions.

[0086]

[0086] In some embodiments, the processor may employ one or more analysis models, such as statistical or machine learning (ML) models, to analyze and / or predict outcomes based on sensing data. These models may be expressed as mathematical representations of real-world phenomena and / or processes.

[0087]

[0087] The models may include, for example, linear regression, logistic regression, time series models, Bayesian models, and others, and may describe relationships between variables, uncover data structure, and predict future events or outcomes. ML models may be trained and / or employed using supervised, unsupervised, or semi-supervised approaches.

[0088]

[0088] Trained models may include rule-based systems, classifiers, and ML models such as decision trees, random forests, gradient boosting (e.g., XGBoost), neural networks (e.g., CNNs, DNNs, RNNs, LSTMs, U- Net), support vector machines (SVMs), regressors, and ensemble learning methods. Suitable ML techniques may further include clustering, association rules, feature evaluation, subset selection, costsensitive classification, voting, stacking, Bayesian networks, instance-based algorithms, k-nearest neighbors (KNN), graphical models, PCA, singular value decomposition, and others. These may be implemented using commercial, non-commercial, open-source, or proprietary packages for classification, regression, dimensionality reduction, and reinforcement learning. In some examples, any combination or subset of these models may be used or disclaimed.

[0089]

[0089] ML models may generate a prioritized output list as a complete result or sequentially assign scores to individual parameters (e.g., related to mammalian data), with the final ranking determined based on the scores.

[0090]

[0090] In some embodiments, ML models may incorporate features derived from mathematical, physical, or chemical models. For instance, spectral characteristics may be refined using Beer-Lambert's law or chemical modeling to improve identification of target analytes. This fusion of engineered and raw features enhances model precision, robustness, and interpretability.

[0091] Advanced deep learning architectures may be implemented to further enhance analytical performance. CNNs can automatically extract patterns from high-dimensional data, while DNNs capture complex non-linear relationships. These may be combined with domain-derived features to improve prediction accuracy. Architectures such as U-Net, RNNs, and LSTMs may also support segmentation and temporal analysis tasks.

[0091]

[0092] In some cases, deterministic models may complement ML-based inference. For example, the Beer- Lambert law may be applied to quickly estimate analyte concentration based on physical principles. These methods can offer transparent, real-time outputs without reliance on large datasets.

[0092]

[0093] ML model training may be performed using standard approaches, including dividing labeled data into non-overlapping subsets for training, testing, and optional validation. For example, one subset may be allocated to train the model, a second to test it, and optionally a third to validate model performance and generalizability.

[0093]

[0094] In some embodiments, analysis models may include linear or non-linear regression models based on input features and / or time series data. In addition, logistic regression models may be used to estimate the probability of specific output categories, while time series models may process temporally ordered input data. Furthermore, autoregressive or moving average models may also be employed to capture temporal dependencies and forecast future values or state probabilities.

[0094]

[0095] The models may further support adaptive or dynamic system behavior, such as adjusting threshold values for detecting or quantifying target analytes.

[0095]

[0096] Reference is now made to Figure 1. In some embodiments, a fluid analysis apparatus, e.g., FAA 10000, and a sampler device 20000 may be operably engaged with each other for enabling the working functionality of a sampling and detection system 100. In some examples, the sampler device 20000 may be situated within the FAA 10000 and / or in spatial proximity to the FAA, to allow the sensing of the sampled fluid of interest.

[0096]

[0097] Reference is now made to Figure 2. In some embodiments, the system 100 may be configured to be employed through the following action steps, that may be executed, for example, by the user: a user may sample a fluid of interest by operating a sampler device (block 10); and the user may then operably engage the sampler device 20000 with the FAA 10000 (block 20); lastly, a user may enable the system 100 working functionalities to employ the detection and / or analysis of a target analyte (block 30).

[0097]

[0098] Reference is now made to Figures 3. In some embodiments, the FAA 10000 may comprise a memory 11100 and a processor 11200. Memory 11100 may be configured to store software code executable by the processor 11200. Execution of the software code may result in the execution of various steps and / or processes for implementing substance detection and analysis methods. The FAA 10000 may further comprise a sensing arrangement 11300 that may include an EM radiation system 11310.

[0098]

[0099] In some embodiments, the FAA 10000 may be free of a processor and / or a memory and may be configured for operable engagement, e.g., communicating, with a computerized device (not shown) comprising a device processor and a device memory configured to store software code executable by the device processor.

[0099]

[0100] In some embodiments, the processor 11200, the memory 11100 and / or the sensing arrangement 11300 may be situated within a fluid analysis apparatus (FAA) housing unit 11000. In some embodiments, the FAA housing unit 11000 comprising FAA mating interface may be configured for coupling the FAA with a sampler device 20000. In some embodiments, the sampler device 20000 may comprise a sampler housing unit 21000, an aspiration module 21100, and a sampling tube 21200.

[0100]

[0101] In some embodiments, the sensing arrangement 11300 may be configured for outputting an electromagnetic (EM) radiation probing signals Tx. In some examples, the probing signals Tx may initiate light-matter interaction with the sample contained within a sampling tube 21200.

[0101]

[0102] The sensing arrangement 11300 may be configured for receiving a resultant sensing signals Rx descriptive of electromagnetic (EM) radiation. In some examples, the sensing signals Rx may propagate through the sampling tube 21200, and / or emerge from the sampling tube 21200, e.g., due to light-matter interaction of probing signals Tx with the sampled fluid of interest.

[0102]

[0103] In some examples, the transmitted probing signals Tx and / or the reflected sensing signals Rx may be in the visible (VIS) spectrum (400-700 nm), near-infrared (NIR) spectrum (700-1100 nm), and / or in shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectrum (1100-2500 nm). In some examples, probing signals Tx may be transmitted, e.g., concurrently and / or in temporal proximity, upon coupling the FAA 10000 with the sampler device 20000. In some examples, probing signals Tx may be predetermined, adaptively and / or dynamically generated. In some examples, probing signals Tx may be generated in correspondence with an ascribed designated target analyte, e.g., substance to be detected. Furthermore, sensing arrangement 11300 may be configured to continuously or periodically receive data signals Rx relating to sensed sample during operable engagement of the FAA 10000 and the sampler device 20000.

[0103]

[0104] In some examples, processor 11200 may be operable to execute instructions stored in memory 11100 for processing data relating to sensing signal Rx. In some embodiments, received sensing data Rx may be compared with reference data. Reference data may be descriptive of qualitative and / or quantitative parameters values of various target analytes. In some examples, data relating to various target analytes may be tracked and / or updated in memory 11100.

[0104]

[0105] In some embodiments, memory 11100 may store characteristics descriptive to one or more target analytes. For example, memory 11100 may store target analytes characteristics in a library (also: look-up- table (LUT)). In some examples, the storing of data may be configured for future reference, per fluid of interest calibration and / or per user calibration. In some examples, the data may be processed for deriving an expiry date of system 100 and / or of components thereof.

[0105]

[0106] In some embodiments, the sampling tube 21200 may be configured for preparing the sampled fluid of interest by operably integrating and / or engaging the sampling tube 21200 with one of the following: a filtering layer; a separating layer; an extraction layer; an anti-reflective layer; a Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) layer; a Surface plasmon enhancement layer; or any combination of the aforementioned. For example, the integration may be realized by coating the sampling tube surface with one or more of the abovementioned layers and / or embedding one or more of the abovementioned layers in a sampling tube bed (not shown).

[0106]

[0107] In some embodiments, the system comprises a FAA 10000 and a sampler device 20000 that may be configured for performing the following steps: aspirating a sample of a fluid of interest by using an aspiration module 21100; preparing the sample for sensing and analysis by facilitating a reaction between the sample and the sampling tube 21200; and operably engaging with the FAA 10000 for enabling the probing, sensing and analysis of the sampled fluid.

[0107]

[0108] In some embodiments, the sampler device 20000 may comprise a fluid of interest aspiration module 21100 configured for aspirating the fluid into the sampling tube 21200. In some examples, the aspiration module 21100 may be operably coupled with the sampler housing unit 21000. The sampler housing unit 21000 may include a mating interface configured for coupling the FAA 10000 with the sampler device 20000.

[0108]

[0109] In some embodiments, the memory 11100 may be configured to store data and software code portions executable by the at least one processor 11200 to result in the performance of the following steps: sensing a level of a first, undesired, fluid of interest in the sample; sensing a level of a second, desired fluid of interest in the sample; and determining, based on the level of the first, undesired, fluid of interest, an expected level of the second, desired , fluid of interest in the sample.

[0109]

[0110] In some examples, the sampler housing unit 21000 may further comprise a fluid storage compartment (not shown). In some examples, the method may comprise storing in a fluid storage compartment, a portion of the sample, for example, as a future reference sample and / or as a forensic evidence sample. For example, a target analyte may comprise an incapacitating agent and the fluid of interest may comprise ethanol in an alcoholic beverage.

[0110]

[0111] Reference is now made to Figure 4. In some embodiments, the analysis engine 1000, power module 2000, safety elements 3000, communication module 4000 and / or alignment elements 5000 may reside within either the FAA 10000, the sampler device 20000, and / or be operably connected thereto. The arrangement of these modules and / or elements is not intended to be limiting, and various configurations may be applicable. In some examples, components of the analysis engine 1000, power module 2000, safety elements 3000, communication module 4000 and / or alignment elements 5000 may reside within both the FAA 10000, and / or the sampler device 20000.

[0111]

[0112] In some examples, memory 11100 and processor 11200 may be jointly referred to as an analysis engine 1000 configured for operable communicating with the sensing arrangement 11300 and with the communication module 4000. In some examples, the sensing data Rx may be fed into the analysis engine 1000. In addition, probing data, e.g., software executable instructions, may be communicated to the sensing arrangement 11300 for further control of the probing signals Tx.

[0112]

[0113] It will be appreciated that separate hardware components such as processors and / or memories may be allocated to each component and / or module of FAA 10000. However, for simplicity and without being construed in a limiting manner, the description and claims may refer to an analysis engine 1000 having a single module and / or component. For example, although processor 11200 may be implemented by several processors, the following description will refer to processor 11200 as the component that conducts all the necessary processing functions of FAA 10000.

[0113]

[0114] In some embodiments, the analysis engine 1000 may be configured to receive sensing signals Rx from the sampler device 20000. In some examples, the analysis engine 1000 may be configured to receive sensing signals Rx from the sensing arrangement 11300 that may have obtained the signals from the transmission portion 21300 of the sampling tube. In some examples, portions of the sampling tube and / or device may function as an optical element (e.g., waveguide) for the probing and / or the sensing EM radiation.

[0114]

[0115] In some embodiments, the sensing signals Rx may be adapted into processable data for analysis. The analysis may include, for example, determining whether the sampled fluid of interest had been tampered. Based on the performed analysis the system may provide feedback to the user.

[0116] In some embodiments, the FAA 10000 may include a power module 2000 for powering the various components and / or modules and / or subsystems of the system. Power module 2000 may comprise an internal power supply (e.g., a rechargeable battery) and / or an interface for allowing connection to an external power supply.

[0115]

[0117] In some embodiments, the FAA 10000 may additionally comprise at least one EM radiation safety element 3000 configured for preventing accidental activation of the EM radiation system 11310. For example, the one or more EM radiation safety elements 3000 may be operably adapted to control the transmitted EM radiation, e.g., probing signals Tx, by utilizing the examples that follows herein.

[0116]

[0118] In some embodiments, an EM radiation switch or any other suitable safety arrangement may enable the EM radiation system 11310 to transmit EM radiation if the sampler device is situated in alignment within the FAA. Correspondingly, the transmission of EM radiation by the EM radiation system 11310 may be disabled if the sampler device is not situated within the FAA.

[0117]

[0119] In some embodiments, a mechanical switch may be activated by means of, for example, a mechanical energy storage element (e.g., spring) upon inserting the sampler device into the FAA.

[0118]

[0120] In some embodiments, a magnetic switch may be activated by means of, for example, a reed switch, when the sampler device is situated within the FAA.

[0119]

[0121] In some embodiments, the sensing arrangement 11300 may be configured for transmitting probing signals Tx, to initiate light-matter interaction with the sample contained within a sampling tube 21200. In some examples, the probing signals may be operably controlled by at least one safety element 3000 configured for preventing unintended transmission of the probing signals Tx.

[0120]

[0122] In some embodiments, the FAA 10000, and / or the sampler device 20000 may comprise a communication module 4000 for communication with each other and / or for communicating with one or more remotely located computerized devices, e.g., servers of a cloud computing service (not shown).

[0121]

[0123] In some embodiments, the FAA may comprise at least one communication module 4000 configured to enable wired and / or wireless communication between the various components and / or modules of the system and which may communicate with each other over one or more communication buses (not shown), signal lines (not shown) and / or a network. For example, the FAA 10000 may communicate with the sampler device 20000, and / or with a computerized device (not shown), for example, adapted to provide user feedback, notification, and / or instruction. In some embodiments, the sampler device 20000 may comprise at least one communication module 4000 configured to provide feedback, notification, and / or instruction to the user.

[0124] In some examples, the communication module 4000 may comprise an I / O devices and / or capabilities configured for implementing various wired communication protocols including, for example, USB connection, Ethernet, l2C, CAN, and / or HDMI. In some examples, the I / O devices and / or capabilities may be configured for implementing wireless communication protocols (e.g., Bluetooth, and / or near-field communication) over one or more networks.

[0122]

[0125] In some examples, the network may be configured for using one or more communication formats, protocols, and / or technologies such as, for example, internet communication, optical and / or RF communication, telephony-based communication technologies and / or the like. In some examples, communication module 4000 may include I / O device drivers (not shown) and network interface drivers (not shown) for enabling the transmission and / or reception of data over the network. A network interface driver may for example execute protocols for the Internet, or an Intranet, Wide Area Network (WAN), Local Area Network (LAN) employing, e.g., Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), Personal Area Network (PAN), extranet, 2G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, 5G, 6G mobile networks, 3GPP, LTE, LTE advanced, Bluetooth® (e.g., Bluetooth smart), ZigBee™, near-field communication (NFC) and / or any other current or future communication network, standard, and / or system.

[0123]

[0126] In some embodiments, a sampler device 20000 having a sampling tube 21200 and the FAA 10000 having a sensing arrangement 11300 may further comprise at least one alignment element 5000. In some examples, one or more alignment elements 5000 may enable the sampling tube 21200 and the sensing arrangement 11300 to operably engage in alignment with each other. In some examples, alignment elements 5000 may be implemented by the coupling interfaces of the FAA and / or of the sampler device.

[0124]

[0127] In some embodiments, system 100 may comprise one or more sealing components and / or materials that may be configured to permit the passage of fluid from the sampler device to the FAA that may be compliant IPX rating, e.g., IPxl or IPx2. The sealing components and / or materials and / or arrangements may prevent fluid ingress out from the sampling tube and / or otherwise an FAA sample receiving chamber (not shown). In some examples, the sealing component and / or material and / or arrangement may be adapted for safeguarding sensitive system components, including for example, system electronics and / or optics. For example, sealing, and / or insulation and / or isolation and / or (e.g., electromagnetic) shielding may be employed to improve or secure the operable functioning of the system 100.

[0125]

[0128] In some embodiment, the employment of one or more shielding arrangements may ensure that the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) may not be compromised to ensure the integrity of the EM radiation path and maintaining the accuracy of the Raman spectroscopy.

[0129] Reference is now made to block 50 of Figures 5. The sampler device 20000 orientation may be describe by a first coordinate system xl-yl-zl. The FAA 10000 orientation may be described by a second coordinate system x2-y2-z2. First and second coordinate systems may or may not be aligned with a world coordinate system xW-Yw-Zw descriptive of a real-world scene where the sampler device and / or the FAA are situated.

[0126]

[0130] In some embodiment, the FAA 10000 may comprise a sensing arrangement 11300 configured to operably transmit and / or receive EM radiation through an EM radiation system 11310 (shown in figure 4). In some examples, the EM radiation system 11310 may comprise a radiation source 11311. The radiation source 11311 orientation may be described by third coordinate system x3-y3-z3. For example, radiation source 11311 may transmit EM radiation that may be aligned or misaligned with the first and second coordinate systems.

[0127]

[0131] Reference is now made to block 51 of Figures 5. In some embodiments, at least one alignment element 5000 (shown in figure 4) may be configured for enabling sensing a fluid of interest characteristic of the sample by operably engaging the FAA 10000 and the sampler device 20000 in a desired orientation and / or position relative to each other. In some examples, the operable engaging may result in that the sampler's device coordinate system xl-yl-zl is aligned with the FAA coordinate system x2-y2-z2. In some examples, the sampling and detection system 100 may be aligned and / or misaligned with world coordinate system xW-Yw-Zw. Radiation source 11311 may reside within the sampling and detection system 100.

[0128]

[0132] Reference is now made to Figures 6. In some embodiments, the FAA 10000, and the sampler device 20000 may be misaligned, such that the orientation and / or position are skewed relative to each other.

[0129]

[0133] Reference is now made to block 60 of Figures 6. In some embodiments, the sampler device 20000 and the FAA 10000 may be operably engaged such that the sampler's device xl axis may be misaligned with the FAA x2 axis, resulting in a misalignment gap d. In some examples, the misalignment gap d may be in an allowable misalignment tolerance range. For example, the misalignment gap d may be in the range of 50 pm to 150 pm. In some examples, the misalignment tolerance achieved when coupling the FAA 10000 and the sampler device 20000 may be 100 pm or less.

[0130]

[0134] Further reference is made to block 61 of Figures 6. In some embodiment, the sampler device 20000 and the FAA 10000 may be operably engaged such that the sampler's device zl axis may be misaligned with the FAA z2 axis resulting in a misalignment angle a. In some examples, the misalignment angle a may be in an allowable misalignment tolerance range. For example, the misalignment angle a may be in the range of 100 microradians to 50 milliradians. Furthermore, the sampler's device xl axis may be misaligned with the radiation source x3 axis resulting in a misalignment angle p. In some examples, the misalignment angle p may be in an allowable misalignment tolerance range. For example, the misalignment angle may be in the range of 100 microradians to 50 milliradians. Additionally, the examples presented above should not be construed in a limiting manner, other misalignment tolerance ranges may likewise be applicable.

[0131]

[0135] It should be noted that one or more alignment element 5000 (shown in figure 4) may be configured for preventing any rotational movement of the sampler device 20000 when coupled with the FAA 10000. For example, preventing misalignment may be instigated by a rotational movement about the zl axis in relation to the z2 axis.

[0132]

[0136] Reference is now made to Figures 7. Sampler device 20000 may comprise a sampling tube 21200; a sampler housing unit 21000 configured for housing the sampling tube; a fluid of interest aspiration module 21100 configured for aspirating fluid into the sampling tube 21200; a transmission portion 21300 configured for allowing e.g., EM radiation analysis of sampled fluid of interest in the sampling tube 21200; and coupling protrusions 21400 configured for enabling the operable coupling of the sampler device 20000 and the FAA 10000. In some examples, the transmission portion may be at least partially opaque to some wavelength ranges and at least partially transparent to some other wavelength ranges. For example, a transparent portion may be at least partially transparent to visible light but opaque to light that is not in the visible range. In some other examples, the transmission portion may be opaque to visible light, but at least partially transparent to EM radiation that is not in the visible range.

[0133]

[0137] In some embodiments, the sampler housing unit 21000 may comprise a mating interface allowing a desired coupling of the sampler device 20000 and the FAA 10000 within allowable tolerance ranges. In some examples, the sampler housing unit 21000 may be configured to be form-fittingly and / or magnetically coupled with the FAA by sliding into a designated opening in the FAA (not shown). In some examples, the FAA opening may have a V-shaped passageway for receiving the sampler device.

[0134]

[0138] In some embodiments, the sampler housing unit may comprise a coupling arrangement 21130 to secure the position and / or orientation of the sampler device inside the FAA. For example, the coupling arrangement may comprise a mechanical and / or a magnetic coupling arrangement that may enable for forcing the sampler device against the V-shaped passageway.

[0135]

[0139] In some embodiments, the sampler housing unit 21000 may comprise a transmission portion 21300 which may be configured for allowing EM radiation analysis of sampled fluid of interest in the sampling tube 21200. For example, the transmission portion 21300 may be a screen and / or an opening configured for facilitating spectral analysis of electromagnetic (EM) radiation transmitted through the sampled fluid of interest and / or received from the sampled fluid of interest.

[0140] In some embodiments, the transmission portion 21300 may be realized in a plurality of geometrical formations and / or may be constructed from materials with properties suitable for allowing the passage of EM radiation with minimal attenuation and / or distortion, thereby enabling accurate spectral analysis. In some examples, the transmission portion 21300 may be configured to enhance and / or modify specific characteristics of the EM radiation to optimize the performance of the spectral analysis. For example, EM radiation characteristics may comprise the following: wavelength; mode; phase; polarization; coherence; intensity; or any combination of the aforementioned.

[0136]

[0141] It should be noted that the transmission portion 21300 functionality should not be construed in a limiting manner. Thereby different measurement modes may be facilitated through the transmission portion 21300. For example, in addition to spectral analysis, the transmission portion 21300 may allow image processing of the sampled fluid of interest in the sampling tube 21200.

[0137]

[0142] In some embodiments, the sampler housing unit 21000 may be configured to accommodate a fluid of interest aspiration module 21100 for operably sampling the fluid of interest into the sampling tube 21200. Further reference is now made to section C-C. In some embodiments, aspiration module 21100 may comprise: an aspiration element 21120; a confinement shell 21110 configured for limiting the expansion of the aspiration element; and a coupling arrangement 21130 (shown in figure 8) for operably engaging the aspiration element 21120 into the sampler housing unit 21000. The aspiration element 21120 may comprise an aspiration bulb, which may be made of any suitable material (e.g., silicone).

[0138]

[0143] In some embodiments, the aspiration element 21120 may be configured to generate relative negative pressure when external force F is applied, e.g., squeezed. In some examples, the generated vacuum may result in, e.g., reliably, aspirating a sample of fluid of interest across ranges of pressures. For example, applied pressure from a user may be generated in the range of 25kPa to lOOkPa. In some examples, the applied pressure may be 150kPa or less. It should be noted that the disclosed ranges of pressures may be sufficient to evacuate the air from the aspiration element 21120 for generating relative negative pressure to effect aspiration.

[0139]

[0144] In some embodiments, the aspiration element 21120 may be operable such that by a single squeeze may be sufficient for aspirating an adequate amount of a fluid of interest. In some examples, the aspiration element may be configured to be pressed from one side and to be held from the other. In some examples, having a confinement shell 21110 may minimize the risk of spillage during sampling and / or ensure a consistent and accurate fluid extraction in each use.

[0145] In some embodiments, a confinement shell 21110 configured for limiting the expansion of the aspiration element may be operably coupled with the aspiration element. In some examples, the confinement shell may prevent the aspiration element from exceeding a certain geometric reference point.

[0140]

[0146] In some embodiments, subsequently to aspirating the fluid of interest to the sampling tube 21200 and / or analyzing the fluid of interest, the sampled fluid of interest may be partly or fully discharged from the sampling tube 21200. In some examples, this may allow the reuse of the sampler device 20000. In some examples, the reuse of the sampler device may be directed to a different fluid of interest. In some examples, a single squeeze of the aspiration element may allow sufficient aspiration of fluid allowing analysis. In some examples, a single squeeze of the aspiration may allow sufficient discharge of the fluid allowing reuse of the sampler device 20000 for aspirating and analyzing a sample from the same or from a different fluid of interest.

[0141]

[0147] In some examples, the aspiration element 21120 and / or the confinement shell 21110 may be of a convex closed shape and / or concave closed shape having curved and / or straight boundaries. For example, the aspiration element 21120 and / or the confinement shell 21110 may be circular-shaped, oval-shaped, polygonal (e.g., triangular shaped, rectangular shaped, convex deltoid shaped, rhombus-shaped), and / or any geometrical form that may facilitate smooth insertion and / or removal by applying minimal required force, into and / or out from the sampler housing unit 21000, respectively. In some examples, the insertion and / or removal of the aspiration element 21120 from within the sampler housing unit may be employed without aspirating, e.g., accidentally, a fluid.

[0142]

[0148] Reference is now made to Figure 8. In some embodiments, the sampler housing unit 21000 may accommodate the aspiration module 21100 including the aspiration element 21120 and / or the confinement shell 21110 by having a designated opening allowing for the form fitting accommodation within the sampler housing unit 21000. In some examples, the confinement shell 21110 may be integrated into the sampler housing unit 21000.

[0143]

[0149] In some embodiments, the aspiration element 21120 may be operably coupled with the sampling tube 21200 by an integrated aspirating tube 21140, such that the fluid of interest aspiration module 21100 may sample the fluid into the sampling tube 21200. In some examples, the sampling tube may be permanently and / or removably integrated with the sampler housing unit 21000.

[0144]

[0150] In some embodiments, the aspirating tube 21140 may be removable from the sampler housing unit 21000. For example, the user may be notified through a software when cleaning of the aspirating tube 21140 and / or the sampling tube 21200 may be necessary. In some examples, the notification may be facilitated by an analysis model that detects the presence of damage, impurity, taint, and / or contamination, e.g., in system 100.

[0145]

[0151] In some embodiments, the sampler housing unit comprises a coupling arrangement 21130 for operably engaging the aspiration element 21120 into the sampler housing unit 21000. For example, the coupling arrangement 21130 may comprise a mating interface.

[0146]

[0152] In some embodiments, the sampler housing unit may comprise coupling protrusions 21400 that may be configured for allowing magnetic-based coupling, fastener-based coupling, friction-based coupling, and / or form-fitting coupling with the FAA 10000. As such, the coupling may be facilitated by coupling engagement by which two or more components of either the sampler housing unit 21000 and / or the FAA 10000, are physically joined. In some examples, the coupling protrusions 21400 may comprise extruded wing shaped flanges 21410 and 21420.

[0147]

[0153] Reference is now made to Figures 9A-9B. In some embodiments, the sensing arrangement 11300 may perform the analysis of the sampled fluid of interest in real-time or substantially in real time, e.g., within 1 second or less, and / or without a user-noticeable delay.

[0148]

[0154] Reference is now made to block 90 of Figures 9A. Sensing arrangement 11300 may comprise an EM radiation system 11310 which may include, for example, a radiation source 11311, a focusing element 11312; and / or an EM radiation attenuation unit 11313 configured for preventing undesired reflections and scattering of radiation from the surroundings of the sampling tube 21200.

[0149]

[0155] In some embodiments, a safety element 3000 (shown in figure 4) may be configured for controlling the operable execution of the EM radiation system 11310. For example, the safety element may comprise a switch capable for enabling the transmission of the radiation source 11311 in dependence of the coupling of the sampler device 20000 within the FAA 10000 within the allowable alignment tolerance.

[0150]

[0156] In some embodiments, the focusing element 11312 may be configured to focusing, adjusting, and / or tuning the probing signals Tx, e.g., radiation, onto the sample. In addition, the focusing element 11312 may be configured for receiving, collecting, and / or captivating the sensing signals Rx. For example, the focusing element 11312 may comprise separately or in any combination one of the following: a lens system, a mirror system, a reflector system, and / or a waveguide system adapted to receive EM radiation in the range of the first and / or second EM radiation and facilitate densifying the energy carried by each EM radiation.

[0151]

[0157] In some embodiments, the lens system may comprise, for example, at least one of the following, separately or in any combination: plano-convex lenses, double-convex lenses, plano-concave lenses, double -concave lenses, plano-convex cylindrical lenses, plano-concave cylindrical lenses, drum lenses, ball lenses, positive achromatic lenses, negative achromatic lenses, aspherical lenses, splitters, filters, folding elements, and / or alike.

[0152]

[0158] In some embodiments, the mirror system may comprise, for example, at least one of the following, separately or in any combination: dielectric mirrors, dispersive mirrors, chirped mirrors, super mirrors, metal-coated mirrors, and alike.

[0153]

[0159] In some embodiments, the lens system may comprise a 180 degrees lens system (not shown). The lens system may be configured for focusing the EM radiation onto the sampled fluid in the sampling tube and / or collecting EM radiation reflected from the sampled fluid. In some embodiments, the lens system may be configured to have a dry side and a wet side. For example, a first edge of a lens (not shown) may reside in the sampling tube. A second edge of the lens (not shown) may be situated within the FAA, e.g., within the sensing arrangement. This configuration may allow the lens system to function optimally in a liquid fluid environment to ensure a reliable detection and analysis of a target analyte.

[0154]

[0160] Both lens system edges may be implemented inside the sampler device resulting in an operable engagement with the sampled fluid. Such embodiments may enable a high Numerical Aperture (NA) by allowing the lens to be positioned in proximity to the sampled fluid. In some embodiments, the ratio of lens length to sampling tube thickness may be the limiting factor. Accordingly, lens proximal positioning to the sampled fluid may enhance EM radiation analysis by, for example, providing accurate Raman spectra. In some embodiments, the lens system may remain outside the sampler device and / or the sampling tube.

[0155]

[0161] In some embodiments, the reflector system may comprise, for example, at least one of the following, separately or in any combination: diffraction grating, prism retroreflectors, Cassegrain reflectors, photonic-crystals, diffuse reflectors, fiber-optic reflectors, and alike.

[0156]

[0162] In some embodiments, the waveguide system may comprise a spatially inhomogeneous structure configured for guiding the EM radiation by, for example, by restricting the spatial boundaries in which the EM radiation may propagate. The waveguide system may comprise one dimensional and / or two- dimensional waveguides. In some examples, the sampling tube may function as a waveguide.

[0157]

[0163] In some examples, the focusing element 11312 may receive the scattered radiation resultant from the light-matter interaction, e.g., the sensing signals Rx. In some examples, the sensing signals may be processed for further analysis.

[0158]

[0164] In some examples, the EM radiation system 11310 may comprise a spectral sensing unit (not shown) configured for detecting a characteristic related to the fluid of interest, for example by spectral separation of sensed light. The spectral sensing unit may be configured to execute probing signals Tx and / or sensing signals Rx measurements related to the sampled fluid of interest.

[0159]

[0165] In some embodiments, the EM radiation sensing may be adaptive to the sensed characteristic related to sampled fluid of interest, for example, by selecting an appropriate spectral range in which the sensing is performed. The spectral range of the EM radiation sensing may comprise EM radiation, for example, in the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), near-infrared (NIR), shortwave infrared (SWIR), and / or other spectral bands adaptive for sensing characteristic related to the sampled fluid of interest.

[0160]

[0166] The spectral sensing unit may comprise real time calibration and / or compensation functionality configured to dynamically adjust operational parameters based on detected variations in environmental or system conditions. For example, the system may monitor optical signals, spectral fluctuations, drift, and / or other relevant factors and apply corrective measures in real time to maintain desired accuracy of the sensing.

[0161]

[0167] In embodiments, spectral separation may be achieved along an illumination path, a detection path, or both, related to the spectral sensing unit. Such spectral separation may facilitate the differentiation, isolation, or selective processing of EM radiation sensor data based on wavelength or spectral content.

[0162]

[0168] In embodiments, the EM radiation system 11310 may further incorporate one or more EM radiation elements, including but not limited to EM radiation filters (e.g., bandpass, notch, or dichroic filters), dispersive elements (e.g., prisms or diffraction gratings), and / or integrated spectral sensing hardware that may be capable of resolving spectral components directly at the point of detection. These components may be arranged in-line (for example, in line with the x3 axis) or off-axis and may be configured to operate in static or dynamically tunable modes. The implementation of spectral separation may serve to enhance signal fidelity, reduce crosstalk, enable multiplexing, or support other wavelengthdependent functionalities.

[0163]

[0169] In some embodiments, the acquired sensing data Rx may be subjected to processing using analysis models. These analysis models may be configured to detect patterns, fingerprints, anomalies, trends, deviations, and / or correlations associated with the spectral data. The analysis models may be configured to provide data relating to a characteristic of the sampled fluid of interest. Characteristics may pertain to materials, parameter values, conditions, and / or events associated with the sampled fluid of interest.

[0164]

[0170] In some embodiments, the EM radiation sensing data Rx may be further correlated with data obtained from one or more additional sensing modalities, such as electrical, thermal, chemical, biological, biochemical, electrochemical, acoustic, flow, pressure, or any combination of the aforesaid sensing modalities. The EM radiation sensing data Rx may be analyzed (e.g., correlated) in conjunction with data obtained from an empirical lab-test database, commercial database, industrial database, and / or a professional literature database. In some examples, the (e.g., correlated) data may improve accuracy, context-awareness, and / or system detection and / or analysis robustness.

[0165]

[0171] For illustrative purposes, the EM radiation system 11310 comprising a spectral sensing unit may be configured for obtaining discrete reflectance spectra. The EM radiation sensing data Rx may comprise discrete reflectance spectra. The EM radiation sensing data Rx may be analyzed (e.g., correlated) with the sampled fluid of interest characteristics. The characteristic may include, for example, an alcohol level based on the obtained discrete reflectance spectra.

[0166]

[0172] In some embodiments, the analysis of the sample fluid may include EM radiation analysis using, for example, spectroscopic techniques. In some examples, an EM radiation attenuation unit 11313 may be implemented to enhance the EM radiation analysis. The EM radiation attenuation unit 11313 may be configured for operably allowing one of the following: preventing scattering of the probing signals Tx and / or sensing signals Rx; preventing any undesired structure-related reflections from the sampler device 20000 and / or the FAA 10000, e.g., unrelated to reflection from sampled fluid of interest; reducing the intensity and / or power of the probing signals Tx and / or sensing signals Rx without significantly distorting the waveform and / or altering the signals spectral characteristics; and / or ensuring that only relevant sensing signals Rx characteristics may be analyzed; protecting downstream system components from overexposure or saturation; and / or calibrating the response range of EM radiation detection systems.

[0167]

[0173] In some embodiments, the EM radiation attenuation unit 11313 may be configured to match the geometry of the sampler device 20000 and / or to match the focusing element functionality 11312. For example, the EM radiation attenuation unit 11313 may comprise one or more light-absorbing, lightscattering, and / or reflective elements positioned within or adjacent to an EM radiation pathway. In some examples, the EM radiation attenuation unit may be constructed from neutral density (ND) materials, variable polarizing elements, diffraction structures, or mechanically adjustable components capable of modulating the probing signals Tx and / or the sensing signals Rx.

[0168]

[0174] Reference is now made to blocks 91 and 92 of Figure 9B. In some embodiments the EM radiation attenuation unit 11313 comprises at least one anti-reflective gradient plane. For illustrative purposes only, a first gradient plane Pl having a first gradient angle yl and a second gradient plane P2 having a second gradient angle y2 may be configured to form the EM radiation attenuation unit 11313. In some examples, first gradient angle and second gradient angle may be equal or unequal.

[0175] In some embodiments, the gradient planes may be coated with anti-reflective coating, for example, coated with an Acktar layer and / or an anodizing layer. In some examples, the gradient plane may result in a 1% reflection. In an event a probing signals Tx and / or the sensing signals Rx may be deflected from the first gradient plane Pl to the second gradient plane P2, the reflected resultant signal S2 may be within 0.01% of the signal that originated prior to interaction with (being incident onto) the gradient plane SI.

[0169]

[0176] In some embodiment, the EM radiation attenuation unit 11313 may be configured to partly or entirely intercept and / or collect the EM radiation resultant to the light-matter interaction of the probing signals Tx with the system. In some examples, the EM radiation attenuation unit may comprise at least one gradient plane. In some examples, the probing signals Tx and / or the sensing signals Rx trajectory may be configured to intersect with and reflect from at least one gradient plane. In some embodiments, the EM radiation attenuation unit 11313 may be configured to eventually deflect the probing signals Tx and / or the sensing signals Rx out of the focusing element trajectory.

[0170]

[0177] Additional reflective layers may further comprise one of the following: a dielectric coating; a metallic coatings; an interference filters, dark coatings, e.g., carbon nanotube films, graphite-based layers; polymer-based coatings; and / or any additional anti-reflective (AR) coatings, for example, MgF2or nanostructured silica layers.

[0171]

[0178] Reference is now made to Figures 10. In some embodiments, sampling, and detection system 100 may enable EM radiation sensing of a fluid of interest characteristic by guiding the radiation transmitted by radiation source 11311 to interact with the sampled fluid of interest and / or with the sampling tube 21200. In some examples, the sampler device 20000 may comprise an EM radiation control element 21500 for guiding the radiation directed to the transmission portion 21300 to interact with the sampled fluid of interest and / or with the sampling tube 21200.

[0172]

[0179] In some embodiments, the light-matter interaction passing through the transmission portion 21300 may be further facilitated by EM radiation guided throughout an EM radiation path within the sampling tube 21200. For example, sampling tube 21200 may comprise an EM radiation path N that defines a plane P3 that is substantially orthogonal to the radiation direction. In some examples, the sampling tube may comprise an EM radiation control element 21500 that may be configured for directing the EM radiation onto the center axis of the sampling tube which may coincide with the EM radiation EM radiation path.

[0173]

[0180] In embodiments, the sampler device position and / or orientation relative to the FAA may enable approximately total internal reflection (TIR) or total internal reflection of the EM radiation during lightmatter interaction with the sampled fluid of interest.

[0181] In some embodiments, the sampler device may be configured for increasing the EM radiation lightmatter interaction with the sampled fluid of interest. For example, the light-matter interaction may be increased by prolonging the duration of the interaction through the direction of the EM radiation to an EM radiation path that maximizes the time of flight (ToF) of the EM radiation in the sampled fluid of interest. In some examples, the maximized ToF may be facilitated by the geomatical and / or material formation of the sampler device, e.g., the sampler housing unit and / or the sampling tube.

[0174]

[0182] In some embodiments, the sampler device may be of a rectangular shape, cylindrical shape and / or any symmetrical shape having two counter sides, e.g., opposite, configured to facilitate the light-matter interaction. Furthermore, the EM radiation control element 21500 may comprise the remaining sides, e.g., reflective sides, configured to facilitate total internal reflection (TIR). In some examples, an array of mirrors may be implemented to maximize the EM radiation interaction with the sampled fluid of interest by creating multiple paths. Moreover, the reflective sides may be configured for guiding the EM radiation on to the center axis of the sampling tube, for example, by utilizing one or more concave mirrors. In some examples, the EM radiation may be directed into the sampling tube from a designated hole.

[0175]

[0183] Additional reference is now made to Figures 11A-11C. In some embodiments, previously disclosed sampling tube 21200 may be operably coupled with any of the aforementioned components, separately or in any combination: the sampler housing unit 21000, the aspiration module 21100, and / or any subcomponent of the FAA 10000, e.g., the sensing arrangement 11300 and / or the EM radiation system 11310.

[0176]

[0184] For example, the sensing arrangement 11300 and / or the sampling tube 21200 may comprise one or more supplementary sensing units that may facilitate further engagement and / or sensing of the sampled fluid of interest. In some examples, once the fluid of interest engages with a supplementary sensing unit, they may be configurable or are configured to communicate with each other and / or to output corresponding sensing signals, for example, output sensing signals to be further processed.

[0177]

[0185] In some embodiments, supplementary sensing units may comprise, for example, an (e.g., polymeric and / or silica) bed 21220 inside the sampling tube 21200 having a sensing region 21210. The sensing region 21210 may be situated in proximity to the probing signals EM radiation path.

[0178]

[0186] In some examples, the bed 21220 may be configured to allow filtering predetermined substances from the sampled fluid of interest. In some examples, the filtered substance may have a desired effect, for example, enhanced and / or reduced fluorescence emission corresponding to a specific EM radiation wavelength. Filtered substance may have an undesired effect, for example, generating spectral interferences, e.g., by introducing noise into the spectral analysis. In some examples, the bed 21220 properties may be dynamically changed due to operable engagement with the sample. In some examples, the change in the bed properties may be detectable by the FAA.

[0179]

[0187] In some embodiments, the bed 21220 may comprise of, for example, one or more materials, for example: benzene sulfonic acid for cation exchange; amine-based groups for anion exchange; C18 and carbon for non-polar compounds; or any combination of the aforementioned. In some embodiments, the filtering capabilities of the implemented bed may comprise of a plurality of layers that may include thin- film interference filters, photonic crystal layers, one or more layers of powders, plasmonic metamaterials, and / or sieves. In some examples, plasmonic metamaterials can be fabricated in powder form.

[0180]

[0188] In some embodiments, the filtering capabilities of the implemented bed may be facilitated by a filter based on molecular weight cutoff. In some examples, a size exclusion mechanism may be employed by utilizing, for example, filtering membranes, e.g., using regenerated cellulose, polyether sulfone. In some examples, the cutoff of molar weight may define a threshold for removing substances that have weight outside the threshold value and / or range preventing interference with analysis. In some examples, the cutoff threshold may be in the range of 200-300 Dalton (Da). Accordingly, polymeric beds such as, for example, polystyrene, polystyrene divinylbenzene, agarose, polyacrylamide, dextran, and / or silica may be used for size-exclusion differentiation ,e.g., for filtering and enabling the separation between large and small molecules.

[0181]

[0189] In some embodiments, the bed 21220 may be an independent element that may be configured to be in permanent, multiuse, and / or single use element, the bed may be replaceable and / or discharged.

[0182]

[0190] In one embodiment, a sensing cell may be located on top of the bed, e.g., after passing through the bed. The sensing cell may be configured to receive a specific volume of the sampled fluid of interest.

[0183]

[0191] In some embodiments, the filtering bed 21220 may be located inside the FAA. In some examples, the sampler device may be coupled to the FAA, such that the sampled fluid of interest may pass from the sampler device through the bed 21220 and into a dedicated sensing cell inside the FAA.

[0184]

[0192] Further reference is now made to Figure 11B. In some embodiments, the sampling tube may comprise a plasmon generation unit, e.g., SERS sensing units 21230 further comprising of surface enhancement materials, for example, carbon, silver, and / or gold nanoparticles configured to create a surface enhancement Raman spectroscopy (SERS) unit within the sampling tube 21200. In some embodiments, the SERS sensing unit 21230 may be implemented within the FAA.

[0185]

[0193] In some embodiments, a plasmon generation material may be embedded within the sampling tube 21200 by incorporating an inner tube 21240 that may be partly and / or entirely hollow. In some examples, plasmon generation material may be embedded on the outer walls of the sampling tube. The plasmon generation material positioning may be fixed. In some examples, the plasmon generation material may be activated by light-matter interaction induced by the EM radiation propagated from the radiation source.

[0186]

[0194] In some embodiments, the plasmon surface may be operably engaged with electrodes 11320 to a power source, e.g., to the power module. In some examples, an electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (EC-SERS) may be employed. For example, an electric stimulus may be applied to the plasmon generation material before, during and / or after the light-matter interaction. In some examples, the application may facilitate an increased and / or more selective signal enhancements for specific molecules. The EC-SERS may regenerate the plasmon generation material after the light-matter interaction.

[0187]

[0195] Further reference is now made to Figure 11C. in some embodiments, the in-flow VI of the sampled fluid of interest through the filter bed may be induced by generating positive or negative pressure. In some examples, the induced pressure may be generated mechanically, e.g., by the aspiration module 21100.

[0188]

[0196] In some examples, the induced pressure magnitude may facilitate out-flow V2 of the sampled fluid washing out of any previous sampled fluids. In some examples, the washing out of previous sample fluids may be executed by applying one or more solutions specified for the fluid clearing procedure. Additionally, the washing out of previous sample fluids may be executed by evacuating any previous fluids through overflow regions, for example along the sampling tube walls.

[0189]

[0197] In some embodiments, the presently sampled fluid of interest may be diverted in the sampling tube to a sensing region 21210 (shown in figure 11A) that may allow, for example, the spectral analysis of the sample. In some examples, the sensing region may be a designated compartment and / or cell within the sampling tube 21200. In some examples, any previously sampled fluid residues may be cleared by a fluidabsorbing material that may be employed by the sampling tube thereby preventing, for example, backflow of the evacuated previously sampled fluid back to the sensing region.

[0190]

[0198] Reference is now made to Figures 12. Further disclosure of plasmonic signal enhancement is presented. In some embodiment, the disclosed plasmonic signal enhancement may be implemented by employing an array of SERS sensing units 21230. A SERS sensing unit of the array may be replenished upon its usage. In some examples, employing SERS sensing units in conjunction with Raman spectroscopy may achieve the detection of molecules in low concentrations e.g., less than 0.1% percent and / or less than 0.01% of the sampled fluid of interest.

[0191]

[0199] In some embodiments, a clearing mechanism 21233 may semi-automatically and / or automatically move a used SERS sensing unit 21230A (shown in figure 13B) away from the sample receiving region. In some examples, the clearing mechanism 21233 may be situated within the sampler device 20000 or in the FAA 10000. Upon clearance, the used SERS sensing unit may be replenished for reuse.

[0192]

[0200] In some embodiments, the sample receiving region may be configured to be occupied by one receiving one SERS sensing unit at a time. In some embodiments, the sample receiving region may be made ready to receive a new sample 21230B (shown in figure 13B) upon clearing the used, current SERS sensing unit 21230A.

[0193]

[0201] In some embodiments, a SERS sensing unit 21230 may enable maximizing surface-area to volume ratio for enhancing fluid engagement with the surface of the SERS sensing unit, for example, by introducing protrusion and / or grooves 21232 in the structure of the SERS sensing unit 21230.

[0194]

[0202] In some embodiments, SERS sensing unit 21230 may comprise a roughened metallic and / or nanostructured surface comprising, e.g., gold, silver, aluminum, and / or carbon rods. In some examples, the array of SERS sensing units may be implemented by a thin film. For example, an array made of polymer and / or silicon that may accommodate the stringing together of the SERS sensing units into an array.

[0195]

[0203] Reference is now made to Figures 13A-13B. In some embodiments, an array of SERS sensing units 21230 may be configured to be embedded, for example, on the sampling tube 21200 wall. In some examples, the current SERS sensing unit may facilitate the operable engagement with the sampled fluid Fl by directing the fluid flow F2 to partly and / or fully submerge the SERS sensing unit. In some embodiments, the light-matter interaction may be executed in the sensing region comprising the partly and / or fully submerging the SERS sensing unit.

[0196]

[0204] In some embodiments, the sampler device position and orientation may not affect the functionality of the current SERS sensing unit 21230A. In some examples, the SERS sensing unit may be situated to be in operational proximity to a channel and / or any other sampling tube construct 21235 configured to direct the sampled fluid of interest for partly and / or fully submerging the SERS sensing unit. In addition, the EM radiation path a directed to the sensing region may not be influenced by the sampling tube construct 21235 configured for directing the sampled fluid flow F2.

[0197]

[0205] Reference is now made to Figures 14A-14B. In some embodiments, the FAA may further comprise a dispenser mechanism 11400 configured for releasing into the sampling tube at least one reagent and / or nanoparticles to enhance detection and analysis of at least one fluid of interest characteristic in a sample. In some embodiments, the sampling tube 21200 may further comprise a preparation compartment which may be incorporated within the disclosed sensing region.

[0206] In some embodiments, the dispenser mechanism 11400 may comprise a dispenser cartridge 11410 configured to hold at least one reagent and / or nanoparticle, e.g., an aliquot of a solution and / or suspension; a dispenser actuator 11420, and a dispenser port 11430. In some examples, the dispenser actuator 11420 may drive the solution and / or suspension from the dispenser cartridge 11410 into the sampling tube 21200 through the dispenser port 11430. The dispenser cartridge 11410 may be configured to be replaceable and / or refillable.

[0198]

[0207] In some embodiments, the sampling tube 21200 having a preparation compartment may be configured to operably engage with a dispenser mechanism 11400. In some examples, the dispenser mechanism may be inserted into the sampling tube by bottom tip engagement with a dispenser located at the sampler device proximal edge, further form the distal edge comprising the aspiration module, as shown in Figure 14A.

[0199]

[0208] In some examples, the dispenser mechanism may be inserted into the sampling tube by bottom tip engagement with a dispenser located at the sampler device side, adjacent to the sampling tube vertical axis, e.g., zl axis, as shown in Figure 14B.

[0200]

[0209] In some embodiments, the dispenser mechanism 11400 may be configured to facilitate the transfer of an aliquot of a solution and / or suspension stored in the dispenser cartridge 11410 into the sampling tube 21200. In some examples, the solution and / or suspension may comprise metallic nanoparticles, e.g., silver, gold, aluminum, and / or copper nanoparticles. In some examples, the solution and / or suspension may further a chemical compound configured for providing an internal standard for the substance under analysis. In some examples, the nanoparticles may be utilized to enhance the Raman signal generated following the light-matter interaction.

[0201]

[0210] In addition, the solution and / or suspension may comprise nanoparticles to be spread in, for example, a Brownian motion, allowing the nanoparticles to be uniformly immersed in the sampled fluid of interest. In some examples, the spread may occur concurrently or within temporal proximity, e.g., within seconds or milliseconds after activation of the dispenser mechanism 11400.

[0202]

[0211] Reference is now made to Figures 15A-15B. In some embodiments, the dispenser mechanism 11400 may be selectively operable. For example, the dispenser mechanism may be activated upon the operable engagement of the sampler device with the FAA, and / or upon the operable engagement of the sampling tube with the dispenser mechanism. In some embodiments, the dispenser port 11430 may be configured to function as a non-unidirectional valve, as shown in blocks 150 and 151, ensuring controlled dispensing of the solution / suspension into the sampling tube 21200 and / or discharging remining fluids in the sampling tube. In some examples, the dispensing mechanism may incorporate additional cells and / or tubing to manage fluids cleared from the sampling tube.

[0203]

[0212] In some examples, the activation may be initiated by the dispenser actuator 11420, that may comprise a mechanical element inducing pressure by a dispenser actuator, e.g. by a cylinder, to be applied on the dispenser cartridge 11410; an electrical element configured for automatic and / or semi-automatic initiation, and / or any actuation element, for example, through a software command.

[0204]

[0213] In some embodiments, during each operation of the dispenser mechanism 11400, one or more cylinders may be pressed onto the cartridge 11410, releasing a portion of the solution / suspension into the sampling tube for inducing a mixing effect within the sampling tube.

[0205]

[0214] The dispenser cartridge 11410 may be configured to be replaceable and / or refillable. In addition, the solution and / or suspension may comprise nanoparticles to be spread in, for example, a Brownian motion, allowing the nanoparticles to be uniformly immersed in the sampled fluid of interest. In some examples, the spread may occur concurrently or within temporal proximity, e.g., within seconds or milliseconds after activation of the dispenser mechanism 11400.

[0206]

[0215] Reference is now made to Figures 16 and Figures 17A-17B. Alternative embodiments of the system are illustrated, showing different configurations of the disclosed modules and components. In some embodiments, system 100 may comprise a solid phase extraction (SPE) sample preparation technique configured to isolate, concentrate, and / or purify target compounds from sampled fluid of interest by selectively binding the target compounds to a solid material, e.g., sorbent, while unwanted compounds may be washed away.

[0207]

[0216] In some embodiments, sampling and detection system 100 may facilitate a multi-directional fluid flow. In some examples, adjacent to the sampling tube bed 21220, a transparent cavity may be situated in the sensing region 21210. The transparent cavity may be configured to facilitate EM radiation analysis of the sampled fluid of interest.

[0208]

[0217] In embodiments, sampling and detection system 100 may comprise a mechanism, e.g., employing aspiration module 21100 functionality, configured for aspirating the fluid of interest through the particle bed 21220 into the sampling tube 21200. In addition, the mechanism may be configured for introducing the eluent solution and / or suspension from a dispenser cartridge 11410 into the transparent cavity. For example, by employing a dispenser actuator 11420 functionality.

[0209]

[0218] In embodiments, the sampling and detection system 100 may comprise an ampule and / or a container 11411 containing, for example, diluted acid, such as phosphoric acid and / or any other inorganic acids. In some embodiments, prior to aspirating the fluid of interest through the particle bed 21220 a predetermined volume of acid may be dispensed into the sampled fluid of interest. Subsequently, the sampled fluid of interest may undergo acidification.

[0210]

[0219] In some embodiments, the chemical properties of the bed may be tailored to adsorb and / or absorb specific molecules from the sample. In some examples, the adsorption and / or absorption may be facilitated by ion-exchange and / or n-n interaction mechanisms.

[0211]

[0220] In some examples, the eluent solution and / or suspension may comprise a mixture of substances capable of releasing molecules from the bed and / or replenishing the molecules capacity for continued operation. In some embodiments, by propelling the eluent through the bed at a consistent and / or predetermined rate, the molecules may be transported to the transparent cavity at a specific time interval facilitating EM radiation sensing.

[0212]

[0221] Further reference is now made to Figures 17A-17B. In some embodiments, the sampling and detection system 100 may be configured for aspirating the fluid of interest by primary cylinder, e.g., aspiration module 22100, from a first direction (figure 17A). The cavity may be situated in a second direction, e.g., perpendicular to the first direction. In some examples, upon insertion of the sampler device 20000 to the FAA 10000, for example, by about 90° rotation, the dispenser cartridge 11410 and a secondary cylinder, e.g. a dispenser actuator 11420, may facilitate the extraction of eluent through the particle bed 21220 into the transparent cavity in the sensing region 21210 adapted for receiving EM radiation for radiation source 11311. (figure 17B)

[0213]

[0222] Reference is now made to Figure 18. In some embodiments, the FAA may comprise a stationary, benchtop detection system. Figure 18 is intended to exemplify an additional embodiment of the system described herein. This embodiment demonstrates one possible configuration of the system and is not intended to be limiting. All subcomponents, modules, and devices described throughout the present disclosure, including: sensing arrangement, EM radiation system, safety module, power module, communication module, coupling mechanisms, processing and / or memory elements, and / or user interfaces. All subcomponents, modules, and devices described throughout the present disclosure are equally applicable to this illustrative embodiment, whether shown explicitly in the figure or not. Furthermore, any functional or structural variations described in connection with other embodiments may likewise be incorporated into or adapted for the illustrated system.

[0214]

[0223] Reference is now made to Figure 19. the sampling and detection system 100 may comprise at least one memory configured to store data and software code portions executable by the at least one processor to cause performing the following method steps, as described in block 19000: receiving, from the sensing arrangement, sensing signals relating to a sample in a sampling tube (block 19100); processing the received sensing signals indicative of at least one fluid of interest characteristic (block 19200); determining, based on the processed sensing signals, whether one or more target analytes is in the sample (block 19300); providing feedback relating to the fluid of interest (block 19400); and emptying the remains of the sample in the sampling tube enabling later use of the system (block 19500).

[0215]

[0224] In addition to the disclosed method steps disclosed in Figure 19, the system may be configured to preform the following action steps: sensing, by the sensing arrangement, a level of a first, undesired, fluid of interest in the sample; sensing, by the at least one sensor, a level of a second, desired , fluid of interest in the sample; and determining, based on the level of the first, undesired, fluid of interest, an expected level of the second, desired, fluid of interest in the sample.

[0216]

[0225] In some embodiments, the system may be further configured for performing the following steps: determining the level of at least one fluid of interest characteristic in the sample by employing spectral analysis of the sample; and detecting, based on the spectral analysis of the sample, one or more target analytes in a sample. Moreover, the system is further configured for determining, based on the sensed at least one fluid of interest characteristic, a probability with respect to a level of concentration of at least one target analyte in the sample.

[0217]

[0226] Additional examples:

[0218]

[0227] Embodiments of a system, for detecting one or more target analytes in a sample and / or for analyzing at least one fluid of interest characteristic in a sample, may comprise:

[0219]

[0228] a sampler device having a sampling tube;

[0220]

[0229] a fluid analysis apparatus having a sensing arrangement; and

[0221]

[0230] at least one alignment element.

[0222]

[0231] In embodiments, the at least one alignment element may be configured for enabling sensing a fluid of interest characteristic of the sample by operably engaging the fluid analysis apparatus and the sampler device in a desired orientation and / or position relative to each other.

[0223]

[0232] In embodiments, a system for detecting one or more target analytes in a sample and for analyzing at least one fluid of interest characteristic in a sample, may comprise:

[0224]

[0233] a sampler device having a sampling tube;

[0225]

[0234] a fluid analysis apparatus having a sensing arrangement with an EM radiation system for sensing a characteristic of a fluid of interest contained in the sampling tube; and

[0235] at least one EM radiation safety element.

[0226]

[0236] In embodiments, the fluid analysis apparatus and the sampler device may be operably engaged with each other configured for enabling EM radiation sensing a fluid of interest characteristic.

[0227]

[0237] In embodiments, the at least one EM radiation safety element may be configured for preventing accidental activation of the EM radiation system.

[0228]

[0238] In embodiments, a system for detecting one or more target analytes in a sample and for analyzing at least one fluid of interest characteristic in a sample, the system may comprise:

[0229]

[0239] a sampler device having a sampling tube; and

[0230]

[0240] a fluid analysis apparatus having a sensing arrangement with an EM radiation system.

[0231]

[0241] In embodiments, the sampler device may be configured for performing the following steps:

[0232]

[0242] aspirating a sample of a fluid of interest;

[0233]

[0243] preparing the sample for sensing and analysis by facilitating a reaction between the sample and the sampling tube; and

[0234]

[0244] operably engaging with the fluid analysis apparatus for enabling the sensing and analysis.

[0235]

[0245] In embodiments, a system for detecting one or more target analytes in a sample for analyzing at least one fluid of interest characteristic in a sample, may comprise:

[0236]

[0246] a sampler device having a sampling tube;

[0237]

[0247] a fluid analysis apparatus having a sensing arrangement with at least one sensor;

[0238]

[0248] at least one processor; and

[0239]

[0249] at least one memory configured to store data and software code portions executable by the at least one processor that may cause performing the following steps:

[0240]

[0250] sensing, by at least one sensor, a level of a first, undesired, fluid of interest in the sample;

[0241]

[0251] sensing, by the at least one sensor, a level of a second, desired , fluid of interest in the sample; and

[0242]

[0252] determining, based on the level of the first, undesired, fluid of interest, an expected level of the second, desired, fluid of interest in the sample.

[0243]

[0253] In embodiments, the sampler device and / or the fluid analysis apparatus may comprise the alignment elements.

[0244]

[0254] In embodiments, the EM radiation sensing may be operably executed by a sensing arrangement.

[0255] In embodiments, the sensing arrangement may comprise:

[0245]

[0256] at least one radiation source;

[0246]

[0257] at least one focusing element; and

[0247]

[0258] an EM radiation attenuation unit configured for preventing undesired reflections and scattering of radiation from a surrounding of the sampling tube.

[0248]

[0259] In embodiments, the EM radiation sensing may be operably executed by a sensing arrangement comprising:

[0249]

[0260] at least one radiation source;

[0250]

[0261] at least one focusing element; and

[0251]

[0262] an EM radiation attenuation unit that may be configured for preventing undesired reflections and scattering of radiation from surroundings of the sampling tube; and

[0252]

[0263] In embodiments, the at least one EM radiation safety element may be configured for controlling the operable execution of the EM radiation system.

[0253]

[0264] In embodiments, the system may be further configured for determining, based on the sensed at least one fluid of interest characteristic, a probability with respect to a level of concentration of at least one target analyte in the sample.

[0254]

[0265] In embodiments, the sensing arrangement may be further configured for performing the following steps:

[0255]

[0266] determining the level of at least one fluid of interest characteristic in the sample by employing spectral analysis of the sample; and

[0256]

[0267] detecting, based on the spectral analysis of the sample, one or more target analytes in a sample.

[0257]

[0268] In embodiments, the sampler device may further comprise:

[0258]

[0269] a sampling tube;

[0259]

[0270] a sampler housing unit configured for housing the sampling tube; and

[0260]

[0271] a fluid of interest aspiration module configured for aspirating fluid into the sampling tube.

[0261]

[0272] In embodiments, the fluid of interest aspiration module may comprise:

[0262]

[0273] an aspiration element;

[0263]

[0274] a confinement shell configured for limiting the expansion of the aspiration element; and

[0275] a coupling arrangement for operably engaging the aspiration element into the sampler device housing unit.

[0264]

[0276] in embodiments, the sampler device may comprise a sampling tube configured for actionably interacting with a sensing arrangement for enabling EM radiation sensing of a fluid of interest characteristic; and

[0265]

[0277] in embodiments, the sensing arrangement may be configured for guiding the radiation to interact with the sampled fluid of interest and / or with the sampling tube; and

[0266]

[0278] in embodiments, the sampler device may comprise at least one EM radiation control element for guiding the radiation to interact with the sampled fluid of interest and / or with the sampling tube.

[0267]

[0279] In embodiments, at least one EM radiation control element may be configured for guiding the radiation to interact with sampled the fluid of interest within the sampling tube; and

[0268]

[0280] in embodiments, the interaction may facilitate such that the sampling tube, further comprises an EM radiation path that defines a plane that is substantially orthogonal to the radiation direction.

[0269]

[0281] In embodiments, the sampling tube may comprise at least one EM radiation control element configured for focusing the radiation on the center axis of the EM radiation path.

[0270]

[0282] In embodiments, the sampling tube may be configured for preparing the sample fluid by having the sampling tube that may further comprise one of the following inner layers: a filtering layer; a separating layer; an extraction layer; an anti-reflective layer; a Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) layer; a Surface plasmon enhancement layer; or any combination of the aforementioned.

[0271]

[0283] In embodiments, the fluid of interest characteristic may comprise one of the following:

[0272]

[0284] a concentration level of a target analyte in the sample; at least one fluid chemical property of a target analyte in the sample related to solid-phase extraction (SPE) technology; at least one fluid EM radiation property of a target analyte in the sample related to surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS); at least one fluid electrical property of a target analyte in the sample; at least one fluid mechanical property of a target analyte in the sample; or any combination of the aforementioned.

[0273]

[0285] In embodiments, the fluid analysis apparatus may comprise: a fluid analysis apparatus housing unit; a sensing arrangement having an EM radiation system with at least one sensor; at least one processor; and at least one memory configured to store data and software code portions executable by the at least one processor that may cause to perform the following steps:

[0286] sensing by the sensing arrangement at least one fluid of interest characteristic in the sample; analyzing the sample, based on the sensed at least one fluid of interest characteristic; and detecting one or more target analytes in a sample.

[0274]

[0287] In embodiments, the fluid analysis apparatus may further comprise:

[0275]

[0288] a dispenser mechanism that may be configured for releasing into the sampling tube at least one reagent and / or nanoparticles to enhance detection and analysis of at least one fluid of interest characteristic in a sample.

[0276]

[0289] In embodiments, the system may be configured to further perform the following steps:

[0277]

[0290] providing a user with a notification relating to the detection of one or more target analytes in a sample; and

[0278]

[0291] providing the user with a report relating to the analysis of at least one fluid of interest characteristic in a sample.

[0279]

[0292] In embodiments, the processing of sensor data acquired by the sensing arrangement that may be configured to be performed by one of the following: a trained machine-learning (ML) model; a classifier; a rule-based model; a deterministic model; or any combination of the aforementioned.

[0280]

[0293] In embodiments, the sampler housing unit may be operably engageable to the fluid analysis apparatus housing unit by a mating interface; and

[0281]

[0294] in embodiments, the sampler housing unit may be configured to secure in alignment the sampling tube with respect to a desired orientation and / or position relative to the EM radiation system.

[0282]

[0295] In embodiments, the sampler housing unit may further comprise a fluid storage compartment.

[0283]

[0296] In embodiments, the target analyte may comprise an incapacitating agent; and

[0284]

[0297] in embodiments, the fluid of interest comprises ethanol in an alcoholic beverage.

[0285]

[0298] Embodiments of a method for detecting one or more target analytes in a sample and / or for analyzing at least one fluid of interest characteristic in a sample, may comprise:

[0286]

[0299] operably engaging a fluid analysis apparatus and a sampler device in a desired orientation and / or position relative to each other for sensing a fluid of interest characteristic of the sample.

[0287]

[0300] In embodiments, a method for detecting one or more target analytes in a sample and for analyzing at least one fluid of interest characteristic in a sample, may comprise:

[0301] operably engaging a fluid analysis apparatus and a sampler device with each other configured for enabling EM radiation sensing a fluid of interest characteristic; and

[0288]

[0302] in embodiments, the operable engaging is performed so that at least one EM radiation safety element prevents accidental activation of the EM radiation system.

[0289]

[0303] In embodiments, a method for detecting one or more target analytes in a sample and for analyzing at least one fluid of interest characteristic in a sample, may comprise:

[0290]

[0304] aspirating a sample of a fluid of interest;

[0291]

[0305] preparing the sample for sensing and analysis by facilitating a reaction between the sample and the sampling tube; and

[0292]

[0306] operably engaging with the fluid analysis apparatus for enabling the sensing and analysis.

[0293]

[0307] In embodiments, a method for detecting one or more target analytes in a sample for analyzing at least one fluid of interest characteristic in a sample, may comprise:

[0294]

[0308] sensing, by at least one sensor, a level of a first, undesired, fluid of interest in the sample;

[0295]

[0309] sensing, by the at least one sensor, a level of a second, desired , fluid of interest in the sample; and

[0296]

[0310] determining, based on the level of the first, undesired, fluid of interest, an expected level of the second, desired, fluid of interest in the sample.

[0297]

[0311] In embodiments, sensing may comprise preventing undesired reflections and scattering of radiation from surroundings of the sampling tube.

[0298]

[0312] In embodiments, the sensing may comprise:

[0299]

[0313] preventing undesired reflections and scattering of radiation from surroundings of the sampling tube; and controlling the operable execution of the EM radiation system.

[0300]

[0314] In embodiments, the method may further comprise determining, based on the sensed at least one fluid of interest characteristic, a probability with respect to a level of concentration of at least one target analyte in the sample.

[0301]

[0315] In embodiments, the method may further comprise:

[0302]

[0316] determining the level of at least one fluid of interest characteristic in the sample by employing spectral analysis of the sample; and

[0303]

[0317] detecting, based on the spectral analysis of the sample, one or more target analytes in a sample.

[0318] In embodiments, the aspirating may further comprise operably engaging the aspiration element into the sampler device housing unit; and limiting the expansion of the aspiration element.

[0304]

[0319] In embodiments, the method may further comprise:

[0305]

[0320] facilitating the actionable interaction of a sampling tube with a sensing arrangement for enabling EM radiation sensing of a fluid of interest characteristic; and

[0306]

[0321] guiding the radiation to interact with the sampled fluid of interest and / or with the sampling tube; and

[0307]

[0322] guiding the radiation to interact with the sampled fluid of interest and / or with the sampling tube.

[0308]

[0323] In embodiments, the method may further comprise:

[0309]

[0324] guiding the radiation to interact with sampled the fluid of interest within the sampling tube;

[0310]

[0325] facilitating the interaction such that the sampling tube, further comprises an EM radiation path that defines a plane that is substantially orthogonal to the radiation direction; and

[0311]

[0326] focusing the radiation on the center axis of the EM radiation path.

[0312]

[0327] In embodiments, the method may comprise:

[0313]

[0328] sensing by the sensing arrangement at least one fluid of interest characteristic in the sample;

[0314]

[0329] analyzing the sample, based on the sensed at least one fluid of interest characteristic; and

[0315]

[0330] detecting one or more target analytes in a sample.

[0316]

[0331] In embodiments, the method may further comprise releasing into the sampling tube at least one reagent and / or nanoparticles to enhance detection and analysis of at least one fluid of interest characteristic in a sample.

[0317]

[0332] In embodiments, the method may further comprise:

[0318]

[0333] providing a user with a notification relating to the detection of one or more target analytes in a sample; and

[0319]

[0334] providing the user with a report relating to the analysis of at least one fluid of interest characteristic in a sample.

[0320]

[0335] In embodiments, the method may further comprise processing the sensed fluid of interest by employing a trained machine-learning (ML) model; a classifier; a rule-based model; a deterministic model; or any combination of the aforementioned.

[0336] In embodiments, the method may further comprise:

[0321]

[0337] operably engaging a sampler housing unit with a fluid analysis apparatus housing unit by a mating interface; and

[0322]

[0338] securing in alignment a sampling tube with respect to a desired orientation and / or position relative to an EM radiation system.

[0323]

[0339] In embodiments, the method may further comprise detecting an incapacitating agent; and analyzing an alcoholic beverage.

[0324]

[0340] It is important to note that the methods described herein and illustrated in the accompanying diagrams shall not be construed in a limiting manner. For example, methods described herein may include additional or even fewer processes or operations in comparison to what is described herein and / or illustrated in the diagrams. In addition, method steps are not necessarily limited to the chronological order as illustrated and described herein.

[0325]

[0341] Any digital computer system, unit, device, module and / or engine exemplified herein can be configured or otherwise programmed to implement a method disclosed herein, and to the extent that the system, module and / or engine is configured to implement such a method, it is within the scope and spirit of the disclosure.

[0326]

[0342] Once the system, module and / or engine are programmed to perform particular functions pursuant to computer readable and executable instructions from program software that implements a method disclosed herein, it in effect becomes a special purpose computer particularto embodiments of the method disclosed herein. The methods and / or processes disclosed herein may be implemented as a computer program product that may be tangibly embodied in an information carrier including, for example, in a non- transitory tangible computer-readable and / or non-transitory tangible machine-readable storage device. The computer program product may be directly loadable into an internal memory of a digital computer, comprising software code portions for performing the methods and / or processes as disclosed herein.

[0327]

[0343] The methods and / or processes disclosed herein may be implemented as a computer program that may be intangibly embodied by a computer readable signal medium. A computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with computer readable program code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated signal may take any of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, EM radiation , or any suitable combination thereof. A computer-readable signal medium may be any computer readable medium that is not a non-transitory computer or machine-readable storage device and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with apparatuses, systems, platforms, methods, operations and / or processes discussed herein.

[0328]

[0344] The terms "non-transitory computer-readable storage device" and "non-transitory machine- readable storage device" encompasses distribution media, intermediate storage media, execution memory of a computer, and any other medium or device capable of storing for later reading by a computer program implementing embodiments of a method disclosed herein. A computer program product can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computers at one site or distributed across multiple sites and interconnected by one or more communication networks.

[0329]

[0345] These computer readable and executable instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions / acts specified in the flowchart and / or block diagram block or blocks.

[0330]

[0346] These computer readable and executable program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can direct a computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and / or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the computer readable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises an article of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects of the function / act specified in the flowchart and / or block diagram block or blocks.

[0331]

[0347] The computer readable and executable instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computer implemented process, such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement the functions / acts specified in the flowchart and / or block diagram block or blocks.

[0332]

[0348] A module may be a self-contained hardware and / or software component that interfaces with a larger system. A module may comprise a machine or machine executable instructions. A module may be embodied by a circuit or a controller programmed to cause the system to implement the method, process and / or operation as disclosed herein. For example, a module may be implemented as a hardware circuit comprising, e.g., custom VLSI circuits or gate arrays, an Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), off- the-shelf semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, and / or other discrete components. A module may also be implemented in programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable array logic, programmable logic devices and / or the like.

[0349] The term "random" also encompasses the meaning of the term "substantially randomly" or "pseudo-randomly".

[0333]

[0350] The expression "real-time" as used herein generally refers to the updating of information based on received data, at essentially the same rate as the data is received, for instance, without user-noticeable judder, latency, or lag.

[0334]

[0351] The term "static thresholds" may refer to predetermined thresholds that remain constant.

[0335]

[0352] The term "dynamic thresholds" may refer to forcefully changed thresholds, for example, at a certain time of day, or a certain day of the year.

[0336]

[0353] In some embodiments, adaptive thresholds may be changed in response to changes in characteristics of the mammal, characteristics of the network, farming system, treatment regime, etc., and may vary depending on a variety corresponding parameter.

[0337]

[0354] In the discussion, unless otherwise stated, adjectives such as "substantially" and "about" that modify a condition or relationship characteristic of a feature or features of an embodiment of the invention, are to be understood to mean that the condition or characteristic is defined to within tolerances that are acceptable for operation of the embodiment for an application for which it is intended.

[0338]

[0355] Unless otherwise specified, the terms "substantially", "'about" and / or "close" with respect to a magnitude or a numerical value may imply to be within an inclusive range of -10% to +10% of the respective magnitude or value.

[0339]

[0356] As used herein, the term "coupled with" may refer to either a direct connection or an indirect connection between elements, unless explicitly stated otherwise. For example, a first component may be "coupled with" a second component even if intermediary components, devices, or structures are present between them. Such coupling may include mechanical, electrical, fluidic, optical, magnetic, or communicative coupling, or any combination thereof, depending on the context of the described embodiment.

[0340]

[0357] Positional terms such as "upper", "lower" "right", "left", "bottom", "below", "lowered", "low", "top", "above", "elevated", "high", "vertical" and "horizontal" as well as grammatical variations thereof as may be used herein do not necessarily indicate that, for example, a "bottom" component is below a "top" component, or that a component that is "below" is indeed "below" another component or that a component that is "above" is indeed "above" another component as such directions, components or both may be flipped, rotated, moved in space, placed in a diagonal orientation or position, placed horizontally or vertically, or similarly modified. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that the terms "bottom", "below", "top" and "above" may be used herein for exemplary purposes only, to illustrate the relative positioning or placement of certain components, to indicate a first and a second component or to do both.

[0341]

[0358] It is important to note that the method is not limited to those diagrams or to the corresponding descriptions. For example, the method may include additional or even fewer processes or operations in comparison to what is described in the figures. In addition, embodiments of the method are not necessarily limited to the chronological order as illustrated and described herein.

[0342]

[0359] Discussions herein utilizing terms such as, for example, "processing", "computing", "calculating", "determining", "establishing", "analyzing", "checking", "estimating", "deriving", "selecting", "inferring" or the like, may refer to operation(s) and / or process(es) of a computer, a computing platform, a computing system, or other electronic computing device, that manipulate and / or transform data represented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within the computer's registers and / or memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer's registers and / or memories or other information storage medium that may store instructions to perform operations and / or processes. The term determining may, where applicable, also refer to "heuristically determining".

[0343]

[0360] It should be noted that where an embodiment refers to a condition of "above a threshold", this should not be construed as excluding an embodiment referring to a condition of "equal or above a threshold". Analogously, where an embodiment refers to a condition "below a threshold", this should not be construed as excluding an embodiment referring to a condition "equal or below a threshold". It is made clear that should a condition be interpreted as being fulfilled if the value of a given parameter is above a threshold, then the same condition is considered as not being fulfilled if the value of the given parameter is equal or below the given threshold. Conversely, should a condition be interpreted as being fulfilled if the value of a given parameter is equal or above a threshold, then the same condition is considered as not being fulfilled if the value of the given parameter is below (and only below) the given threshold.

[0344]

[0361] It should be noted that where the claims or specification refer to "a" or "an" element and / or feature, such reference is not to be construed as there being only one of that element. Hence, reference to "an element" or "at least one element" for instance may also encompass "one or more elements".

[0345]

[0362] Terms used in the singular shall also include the plural, except where expressly otherwise stated or where the context otherwise requires.

[0346]

[0363] In the description and claims of the present application, each of the verbs, "comprise" "include" and "have", and conjugates thereof, are used to indicate that the data portion or data portions of the verb are not necessarily a complete listing of components, elements or parts of the subject or subjects of the verb.

[0347]

[0364] Unless otherwise stated, the use of the expression "and / or" between the last two members of a list of options for selection indicates that a selection of one or more of the listed options is appropriate and may be made. Further, the use of the expression "and / or" may be used interchangeably with the expressions "at least one of the following", "any one of the following" or "one or more of the following", followed by a listing of the various options.

[0348]

[0365] As used herein, the phrase "A,B,C, or any combination of the aforesaid" should be interpreted as meaning all of the following: (i) A or B or C or any combination of A, B, and C, (ii) at least one of A, B, and C; (iii) A, and / or B and / or C, and (iv) A, B and / or C. Where appropriate, the phrase A, B and / or C can be interpreted as meaning A, B or C. The phrase A, B or C should be interpreted as meaning "selected from the group consisting of A, B and C". This concept is illustrated for three elements (i.e., A,B,C), but extends to fewer and greater numbers of elements (e.g., A, B, C, D, etc.).

[0349]

[0366] It is appreciated that certain features of the invention, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, examples, and / or the like, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the invention, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, example and / or option, may also be provided separately or in any suitable sub-combination or as suitable in any other described embodiment, example, or option of the invention. Features described in the context of various embodiments, examples and / or optional implementation are not to be considered essential features of those embodiments, unless the embodiment, example and / or optional implementation is inoperative without those features. Any feature disclosed herein can be disclaimed, alone or in any combination.

[0350]

[0367] It is noted that the terms "in some embodiments", "according to some embodiments", "for example", "e.g.", "for instance" and "optionally" may herein be used interchangeably.

[0351]

[0368] The number of elements shown in the Figures should by no means be construed as limiting and is for illustrative purposes only.

[0352]

[0369] "Real-time" as used herein generally refers to the updating of information at essentially the same rate as the data is received. More specifically, in the context of the present invention "real-time" is intended to mean that the image data is acquired, processed, and transmitted from a sensor at a high enough data rate and at a low enough time delay that when the data is displayed, data portions presented and / or displayed in the visualization move smoothly without user-noticeable judder, latency, and / or lag.

[0370] It is noted that the terms "operable to" can encompass the meaning of the term "modified or configured to". In other words, a machine "operable to" perform a task can in some embodiments, embrace a mere capability (e.g., "modified") to perform the function and, in some other embodiments, a machine that is actually made (e.g., "configured") to perform the function.

[0353]

[0371] Throughout this application, various embodiments may be presented in and / or relate to a range format. It should be understood that the description in range format is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as an inflexible limitation on the scope of the embodiments. Accordingly, the description of a range should be considered to have specifically disclosed all the possible subranges as well as individual numerical values within that range. For example, description of a range such as from 1 to 6 should be considered to have specifically disclosed subranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6 etc., as well as individual numbers within that range, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. This applies regardless of the breadth of the range.

[0354]

[0372] The phrases "ranging / ranges between" a first indicate number and a second indicate number and "ranging / ranges from" a first indicate number "to" a second indicate number are used herein interchangeably and are meant to include the first and second indicated numbers and all the fractional and integral numerals there between.

[0355]

[0373] While the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, but rather as exemplifications of some of the embodiments.

Claims

1. CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A system for detecting one or more target analytes in a sample and / or for analyzing at least one fluid of interest characteristic in a sample, the system comprising: a sampler device having a sampling tube; a fluid analysis apparatus having a sensing arrangement; and at least one alignment element; wherein the at least one alignment element is configured for enabling sensing a fluid of interest characteristic of the sample by operably engaging the fluid analysis apparatus and the sampler device in a desired orientation and / or position relative to each other.

2. A system for detecting one or more target analytes in a sample and for analyzing at least one fluid of interest characteristic in a sample, the system comprising: a sampler device having a sampling tube; a fluid analysis apparatus having a sensing arrangement with an EM radiation system for sensing a characteristic of a fluid of interest contained in the sampling tube; and at least one EM radiation safety element; wherein the fluid analysis apparatus and the sampler device are operably engaged with each other configured for enabling EM radiation sensing a fluid of interest characteristic; and wherein the at least one EM radiation safety element is configured for preventing accidental activation of the EM radiation system.

3. A system for detecting one or more target analytes in a sample and for analyzing at least one fluid of interest characteristic in a sample, the system comprising: a sampler device having a sampling tube; a fluid analysis apparatus having a sensing arrangement with an EM radiation system; andwherein the sampler device is configured for performing the following steps: aspirating a sample of a fluid of interest; preparing the sample for sensing and analysis by facilitating a reaction between the sample and the sampling tube; and operably engaging with the fluid analysis apparatus for enabling the sensing and analysis.

4. A system for detecting one or more target analytes in a sample for analyzing at least one fluid of interest characteristic in a sample, the system comprising: a sampler device having a sampling tube; a fluid analysis apparatus having a sensing arrangement with at least one sensor; at least one processor; and at least one memory configured to store data and software code portions executable by the at least one processor to cause performing the following steps: sensing, by at least one sensor, a level of a first, undesired, fluid of interest in the sample; sensing, by the at least one sensor, a level of a second, desired , fluid of interest in the sample; and determining, based on the level of the first, undesired, fluid of interest, an expected level of the second, desired, fluid of interest in the sample.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the sampler device and / or the fluid analysis apparatus comprises the alignment elements.

6. The system of any one or more of claims 1-5, wherein the EM radiation sensing is operably executed by a sensing arrangement comprising: at least one radiation source; at least one focusing element; andan EM radiation attenuation unit, configured for preventing undesired reflections and scattering of radiation from surroundings of the sampling tube.

7. The system of any one or more of claims 1-6, wherein the EM radiation sensing is operably executed by a sensing arrangement comprising: at least one radiation source; at least one focusing element; and an EM radiation attenuation unit configured for preventing undesired reflections and scattering of radiation from surroundings of the sampling tube; and wherein the at least one EM radiation safety element is configured for controlling the operable execution of the EM radiation system.

8. The system of any one or more of claims 1-7, wherein the system is further configured for determining, based on the sensed at least one fluid of interest characteristic, a probability with respect to a level of concentration of at least one target analyte in the sample.

9. The system of any one or more of claims 1-8, wherein the sensing arrangement is further configured for performing the following steps: determining the level of at least one fluid of interest characteristic in the sample by employing spectral analysis of the sample; and detecting, based on the spectral analysis of the sample, one or more target analytes in a sample.

10. The system of any one or more of claims 1-9, wherein the sampler device further comprising: a sampling tube; a sampler housing unit configured for housing the sampling tube; and a fluid of interest aspiration module configured for aspirating fluid into the sampling tube.

11. The system of claims 10, wherein the fluid of interest aspiration module comprises:an aspiration element; a confinement shell configured for limiting the expansion of the aspiration element; and a coupling arrangement for operably engaging the aspiration element into the sampler device housing unit.

12. The system of any one or more of claims 1-11, wherein the sampler device comprises a sampling tube configured for actionably interacting with a sensing arrangement for enabling EM radiation sensing of a fluid of interest characteristic; and wherein the sensing arrangement is configured for guiding the radiation to interact with the sampled fluid of interest and / or with the sampling tube; and wherein the sampler device comprises at least one EM radiation control element for guiding the radiation to interact with the sampled fluid of interest and / or with the sampling tube.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein at least one EM radiation control element is configured for guiding the radiation to interact with sampled the fluid of interest within the sampling tube; and wherein, the interaction is facilitated such that the sampling tube, further comprises an EM radiation path that defines a plane that is substantially orthogonal to the radiation direction.

14. The system of claim 12 and / or claim 13, wherein the sampling tube comprises at least one EM radiation control element configured for focusing the radiation on the center axis of the EM radiation path.

15. The system of any one or more of claims 1-14, wherein the sampling tube is configured for preparing the sample fluid by having the sampling tube to further comprise one of the following inner layers: a filtering layer; a separating layer; an extraction layer; an anti-reflective layer;a Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) layer; a Surface plasmon enhancement layer; or any combination of the aforementioned.

16. The system of any one or more of claims 1-15, wherein the fluid of interest characteristic comprises one of the following: a concentration level of a target analyte in the sample; at least one fluid chemical property of a target analyte in the sample related to solid-phase extraction (SPE) technology; at least one fluid EM radiation property of a target analyte in the sample related to surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS); at least one fluid electrical property of a target analyte in the sample; at least one fluid mechanical property of a target analyte in the sample; or any combination of the aforementioned.

17. The system of any one or more of claims 1-16, wherein the fluid analysis apparatus comprises: a fluid analysis apparatus housing unit; a sensing arrangement having an EM radiation system with at least one sensor; at least one processor; and at least one memory configured to store data and software code portions executable by the at least one processor to cause performing the following steps: sensing by the sensing arrangement at least one fluid of interest characteristic in the sample; analyzing the sample, based on the sensed at least one fluid of interest characteristic; and detecting one or more target analytes in a sample;18. The system of claim 17, wherein the fluid analysis apparatus further comprises:a dispenser mechanism configured for releasing into the sampling tube at least one reagent and / or nanoparticles to enhance detection and analysis of at least one fluid of interest characteristic in a sample.

19. The system of any one or more of claims 1-18, wherein the system is configured to further perform the following steps: providing a user with a notification relating to the detection of one or more target analytes in a sample; and providing the user with a report relating to the analysis of at least one fluid of interest characteristic in a sample.

20. The system of any one or more of claims 1-19, wherein the processing of sensor data acquired by the sensing arrangement is configured to be performed by one of the following: a trained machine-learning (ML) model; a classifier; a rule-based model; a deterministic model; or any combination of the aforementioned.

21. The system of any one or more of claims 1-20, wherein the sampler housing unit is operably engageable to the fluid analysis apparatus housing unit by a mating interface; and wherein, the sampler housing unit is configured to secure in alignment the sampling tube with respect to a desired orientation and / or position relative to the EM radiation system.

22. The system of any one or more of claims 1-21, wherein the sampler housing unit further comprises a fluid storage compartment.

23. The system of any one or more of claims 1-22, wherein the target analyte comprises an incapacitating agent; and wherein the fluid of interest comprises ethanol in an alcoholic beverage.

24. A method for detecting one or more target analytes in a sample and / or for analyzing at least one fluid of interest characteristic in a sample, the method comprising: operably engaging a fluid analysis apparatus and a sampler device in a desired orientation and / or position relative to each other for sensing a fluid of interest characteristic of the sample.

25. A method for detecting one or more target analytes in a sample and for analyzing at least one fluid of interest characteristic in a sample, the method comprising: operably engaging a fluid analysis apparatus and a sampler device with each other configured for enabling EM radiation sensing a fluid of interest characteristic; and wherein the operable engaging is performed so that at least one EM radiation safety element prevents accidental activation of the EM radiation system.

26. A method for detecting one or more target analytes in a sample and for analyzing at least one fluid of interest characteristic in a sample, the method comprising: aspirating a sample of a fluid of interest; preparing the sample for sensing and analysis by facilitating a reaction between the sample and the sampling tube; and operably engaging with the fluid analysis apparatus for enabling the sensing and analysis.

27. A method for detecting one or more target analytes in a sample for analyzing at least one fluid of interest characteristic in a sample, the method comprising: sensing, by at least one sensor, a level of a first, undesired, fluid of interest in the sample; sensing, by the at least one sensor, a level of a second, desired , fluid of interest in the sample; anddetermining, based on the level of the first, undesired, fluid of interest, an expected level of the second, desired, fluid of interest in the sample.

28. The method of claims 24-27, wherein the sensing comprises: preventing undesired reflections and scattering of radiation from a surrounding of the sampling tube.

29. The method of claims 24-28, wherein the sensing comprises: preventing undesired reflections and scattering of radiation from a surrounding of the sampling tube; and controlling the operable execution of the EM radiation system.

30. The method of claims 24-29, wherein the method further comprises: determining, based on the sensed at least one fluid of interest characteristic, a probability with respect to a level of concentration of at least one target analyte in the sample.

31. The method of claims 24-30, wherein the method further comprises: determining the level of at least one fluid of interest characteristic in the sample by employing spectral analysis of the sample; and detecting, based on the spectral analysis of the sample, one or more target analytes in a sample.

32. The method of any one or more of the claims 24 to 31, wherein the aspirating further comprises: operably engaging the aspiration element into the sampler device housing unit; and limiting the expansion of the aspiration element.

33. The method of any one or more of the claims 24-32, wherein the method further comprises: facilitating the actionable interaction of a sampling tube with a sensing arrangement for enabling EM radiation sensing of a fluid of interest characteristic; and guiding the radiation to interact with the sampled fluid of interest and / or with the sampling tube; andguiding the radiation to interact with the sampled fluid of interest and / or with the sampling tube.

34. The method of claim 33, wherein the method further comprises: guiding the radiation to interact with sampled the fluid of interest within the sampling tube; facilitating the interaction such that the sampling tube, further comprises an EM radiation path that defines a plane that is substantially orthogonal to the radiation direction; and focusing the radiation on the center axis of the EM radiation path.

35. The method of claims 24-34, wherein the method comprises: sensing by the sensing arrangement at least one fluid of interest characteristic in the sample; analyzing the sample, based on the sensed at least one fluid of interest characteristic; and detecting one or more target analytes in a sample;36. The method of claim 35, wherein the method further comprises: releasing into the sampling tube at least one reagent and / or nanoparticles to enhance detection and analysis of at least one fluid of interest characteristic in a sample.

37. The method of any one or more of the claims 24-36, wherein the method further comprises: providing a user with a notification relating to the detection of one or more target analytes in a sample; and providing the user with a report relating to the analysis of at least one fluid of interest characteristic in a sample.

38. The method of any one or more of the claims 24-37, wherein the method further comprises: processing the sensed fluid of interest by employing a trained machine-learning (ML) model; a classifier; a rule-based model; a deterministic model; or any combination of the aforementioned.

39. The method of any one or more of the claims 24-38, wherein the method further comprises: operably engaging a sampler housing unit with a fluid analysis apparatus housing unit by a mating interface; and securing in alignment a sampling tube with respect to a desired orientation and / or position relative to an EM radiation system.

40. The method of any one or more of the claims 24-39, wherein the method further comprises: detecting an incapacitating agent; and analyzing an alcoholic beverage.

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