Method for preparing p-hydroxybenzoic acid and / or dihydroxyterephthalic acid
By employing a salt of terephthalic acid in an aqueous solution at elevated temperatures and high frequency ultrasound, the method significantly enhances the yield of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and dihydroxyterephthalic acid, addressing the low yield issue and enabling industrial applicability.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for preparing p-hydroxybenzoic acid and dihydroxyterephthalic acid using high frequency ultrasound suffer from low yield and limited industrial applicability due to the low solubility of terephthalic acid in water.
A method involving the use of a salt of terephthalic acid, such as disodium terephthalate, in an aqueous solution at elevated temperatures (35 to 90 ℃) with high frequency ultrasound (150 to 1000 kHz) to enhance the solubility and yield of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and dihydroxyterephthalic acid.
The method achieves higher yields of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (above 2.0%) and dihydroxyterephthalic acid (above 5.0%), making it suitable for eco-friendly industrial production.
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Abstract
Description
METHOD FOR PREPARING P-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID AND / OR DIHYDROXYTEREPHTHALIC ACIDTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a method for preparing p-hydroxybenzoic acid and / or dihydroxyterephthalic acid from a salt of terephthalic acid in a solution comprising water using high frequency ultrasound.BACKGROUND
[0002] The following discussion of the prior art is provided to place the disclosure in an appropriate technical context and enable the advantages of it to be more fully understood. It should be appreciated, however, that any discussion of the prior art throughout the specification should not be considered as an express or implied admission that such prior art is widely known or forms part of common general knowledge in the field.
[0003] P-hydroxybenzoic acid finds a wide variety of applications as starting material for polymeric materials. For example, it can be used as starting material for liquid crystalline polyesters having high strength and high heat resistance. Also alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid are useful as antimolds for cosmetics and industrial materials.
[0004] Dihydroxyterephthalic acid, in particular 2, 5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, is employed as an important intermediate for raw material and intermediate used in organic synthesis agrochemical, pharmaceutical and dyestuff field.
[0005] Sonochemistry is used to describe the chemical and physical processes occurring in solution through the energy brought by power ultrasound. The effects of ultrasound are the consequence of the cavitation phenomenon, which is the formation, the growth and the collapse of gaseous microbubbles in liquid phase. Sonochemistry can be considered as a beneficial tool for green chemistry.
[0006] The sono-hydroxylation of terephthalic acid or its salts in aqueous solution has already been reported. The chemical effects of ultrasound in liquids are linked to the formation of free radicals. When the liquid is water, OH radicals are commonly formed, which can be trapped by terephthalate ions, thus forming hydroxylated species.
[0007] Chem. Sci., 2020, 11, 2664-2669 teaches the preparation of 2-hydroxyterephthalic acid from terephthalic acid using high frequency ultrasound. No other hydroxylated terephthalic acid products are reported. In addition, the direct use of terephthalic acid for industrial production is very limited because of its low solubility in water.
[0008] Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 72 (2021) 105413 discloses a hydroxylation reaction of terephthalic acid using high frequency ultrasound. Before the reaction, terephthalic acid was added to the phosphate buffer (pH: 7.4) together with sodium hydroxide. The temperature of the solution in the sonicator was maintained at the range of 15-20 ℃ by using a cooling jacket with ice-cold water circulating in it during the reaction. Only 2-hydroxyterephthalic acid and 2, 5-hydroxyterephthalic acid were identified and 2, 5-hydroxyterephthalic acid was not successfully quantified.
[0009] Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 3 (1996) 57-63 reports hydroxyl radical formation by ultrasound in aqueous solutions of terephthalate ions. Among the products formed, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (also known as p-hydroxybenzoic acid) and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid were detected. However, the yield of these two products are not reported.
[0010] There is thus a significant need in the art for an improved method for preparing p-hydroxybenzoic acid and / or dihydroxyterephthalic acid using high frequency ultrasound in high yield.SUMMARY
[0011] The present invention provides a method for preparing p-hydroxybenzoic acid and / or dihydroxyterephthalic acid from a salt of terephthalic acid in a solution comprising water using high frequency ultrasound at a temperature from 35 to 90 ℃. Said method is suitable for eco-friendly manufacturing.
[0012] The Applicant surprisingly found that higher yield of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and / or dihydroxyterephthalic acid can be prepared from a salt of terephthalic acid at an elevated temperature.
[0013] Thanks to good solubility of the salt of terephthalic acid in water, the invented method is suitable for industrial production.
[0014] Other subjects and characteristics, aspects and advantages of the present invention will emerge even more clearly on reading the detailed description and the examples that follow.
[0015] DEFINITIONS
[0016] Throughout the description, including the claims, the term "comprising one" should be understood as being synonymous with the term "comprising at least one" , unless otherwise specified, and "between" should be understood as being inclusive of the limits.
[0017] As used herein, the terminology " (Cn-Cm) " in reference to an organic group, wherein n and m are both integers, indicates that the group may contain from n carbon atoms to m carbon atoms per group.
[0018] The articles "a" , "an" and "the" are used to refer to one or to more than one (i.e., to at least one) of the grammatical object of the article.
[0019] The term "and / or" includes the meanings "and" , "or" and also all the other possible combinations of the elements connected to this term.
[0020] It is specified that, in the continuation of the description, unless otherwise indicated, the values at the limits are included in the ranges of values which are given.
[0021] Ratios, concentrations, amounts, and other numerical data may be presented herein in a range format. It is to be understood that such a range format is used merely for convenience and brevity and should be interpreted flexibly to include not only the numerical values explicitly recited as the limits of the range, but also all the individual numerical values or sub-ranges encompassed within that range as if each numerical value or sub-range is explicitly recited.
[0022] DETAILS OF THE INVENTION
[0023] The present invention provides a method for preparing p-hydroxybenzoic acid and / or dihydroxyterephthalic acid from a salt of terephthalic acid in a solution comprising water using high frequency ultrasound at a temperature from 35 to 90 ℃.
[0024] Ultrasound is defined as sound of a frequency beyond that to which the human ear can respond. The normal range of hearing is between 16 Hz and about 18 kHz and ultrasound is generally considered to lie between 20 kHz to beyond 100 MHz.
[0025] As used herein, the term “high frequency ultrasound” refers to a range of ultrasound frequency between 150 kHz and 1000 kHz. Such high frequency is above the conventional power ultrasound up to 100 kHz commonly used in the field of chemistry, known as sonochemistry, affecting liquid reactivity.
[0026] Dihydroxyterephthalic acid (diOH-PTA) is selected from 2, 5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, 2, 3-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, 2, 6-dihydroxyterephthalic acid and any combination thereof.
[0027] Dihydroxyterephthalic acid (diOH-PTA) prepared generally depends on the reaction conditions. In some embodiments, dihydroxyterephthalic acid represents a mixture of 2, 5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, 2, 3-dihydroxyterephthalic acid and 2, 6-dihydroxyterephthalic acid.
[0028] Preferably, the salt of terephthalic acid is a metal salt of terephthalic acid and more preferably an alkali metal salt of terephthalic acid.
[0029] The alkali metal is preferably selected from the group consisting of lithium (Li) , sodium (Na) and potassium (K) , more preferably selected from the group consisting of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) , most preferably sodium (Na) .
[0030] Good results can be obtained when the salt is disodium terephthalate or dipotassium terephthalate and preferably disodium terephthalate.
[0031] It is understood that the amount of water in the solution can form enough OH radicals for the preparation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and / or dihydroxyterephthalic acid. Advantageously, the molar ratio of water to the salt of terephthalic acid is above 1: 1, preferably above 5: 1, more preferably above 10:1, most preferably above 20: 1.
[0032] According to a preferred embodiment, said solution is an aqueous solution.
[0033] The salt of terephthalic acid in the solution has a concentration from 0.002 to 0.020 mol / L, preferably from 0.004 to 0.01 mol / L.
[0034] Preferably, the solution has an initial pH from 4 to 11, more preferably from 4.5 to 10, even more preferably from 4.8 to 9, most preferably from 5 to 8.5.
[0035] As used herein, the term “initial pH” refers pH value of the solution before applying high frequency ultrasound.
[0036] The initial pH can be adjusted by any known method, such as using a buffer solution. Possible buffers are phosphate, ammonium and borate buffers. Preferred buffers are phosphate buffers.
[0037] In some embodiments, the high frequency ultrasound is selected from frequency between 150-1000 kHz.
[0038] According to a preferred embodiment, the high frequency ultrasound is selected from frequency between 500-700 kHz.
[0039] The time for applying high frequency ultrasound is preferably from 2 to 10 h and more preferably from 4 to 8 h.
[0040] In some embodiments, the temperature is from 40 to 75 ℃.
[0041] According to a preferred embodiment, the temperature is from 50 to 70 ℃.
[0042] The yield of p-hydroxybenzoic acid obtained by the method according to the present invention is higher than 2.0 %, preferably higher than 2.5 %.
[0043] The yield of dihydroxyterephthalic acid (diOH-PTA) obtained by the method according to the present invention is higher than 5.0 %, preferably higher than 6.0%, more preferably higher than 8.0%, most preferably higher than 9.0%.
[0044] In some embodiments, a high total yield of hydroxylated products is obtained by the method according to the present invention.
[0045] As used herein, the term “hydroxylated products” refers to the sum of 2-hydroxyterephthalic acid, dihydroxyterephthalic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Dihydroxyterephthalic acid has the same meaning as above defined.
[0046] According to a preferred embodiment, the total yield of hydroxylated products is higher than 20%, or higher than 25%, or even higher than 30%.
[0047] The following examples are included to illustrate embodiments of the invention. The disclosure is not limited to such examples.EXAMPLES
[0048] Materials
[0049] -Disodium terephthalate (PTANa) , CAS: 10028-70-3, from TCI Chemicals;
[0050] -2-Hydroxyterephthalic acid (OH-PTA) , CAS: 636-94-2, from BDLpharm;
[0051] -2, 5-Dihydroxyterephthalic acid, CAS: 610-92-4, from BLDpharm;
[0052] -4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA) , CAS: 99-96-7, from Merck;
[0053] -Sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate, CAS: 13472-35-0, from Sinopharm;
[0054] -Sodium hydroxide solution 50%in H2O, CAS: 1310-73-2, from Sigma-Aldrich.
[0055] Example 1
[0056] An aqueous phosphate buffer pH 8 was prepared using a pH meter. Sodium hydroxide solution 50%in H2O was added over a solution of sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate until the pH was 8. The resulting solution was then transferred to a volumetric flask thus providing a final a phosphate concentration of 0.01M.
[0057] 50 mg of disodium terephthalate is dissolved in 50 mL of 0.01M aqueous phosphate buffer pH 8. The solution is transferred to a jacketed cup horn high frequency ultrasonic reactor connected to a circulating water bath which regulates the solution temperature. The circulating water bath is adjusted to a temperate such that after starting the sonication results in a solution temperature of 57 ℃. The solution is sampled after given sonication times and the samples analyzed by HPLC for quantification.
[0058] The yield of diOH-PTA and pHBA and the total yield of hydroxylated products are shown in Tables 1&2.
[0059] Example 2
[0060] The reaction protocol is same as example 1 except the pH value. In this case 50 mL of pure water are utilized instead of any buffer.
[0061] The yield of diOH-PTA and pHBA and the total yield of hydroxylated products are shown in Table 1.
[0062] Table 1
[0063] It can be seen from Table 1 that variable yields of diOH-PTA, pHBA and total yield of hydroxylated products were obtained in solutions having different pH values. A higher yield of pHBA was achieved at pH 8.
[0064] Example 3
[0065] The reaction protocol is same as example 1 except the reaction temperature. In this case the circulating water bath is adjusted to a temperate such that after starting the sonication results in a solution temperature of 44 ℃.
[0066] The yields of diOH-PTA, pHBA and total yield of hydroxylated products are shown in Table 2.
[0067] Comparative example 1
[0068] The reaction protocol is same as example 1 except the reaction temperature. In this case the circulating water bath is adjusted to a temperate such that after starting the sonication results in a solution temperature of 32 ℃.
[0069] The yield of diOH-PTA and pHBA and the total yield of hydroxylated products are shown in Table 2.
[0070] Table 2
[0071] It can be seen from Table 2 that a high yield of diOH-PTA and pHBA and a high total yield of hydroxylated products were obtained at a high temperature.
[0072] Example 4
[0073] 50 mg of disodium terephthalate are dissolved in 50 mL of 0.01M aqueous phosphate buffer pH 8. The solution is transferred to a jacketed cup horn high frequency ultrasonic reactor connected to a circulating water bath which regulates the solution temperature. The circulating water bath is adjusted to a temperate such that after starting the sonication results in a solution temperature of 62 ℃. The solution is irradiated for 7 h and the final liquid analyzed by HPLC for quantification. Under these conditions the yields of OH-PTA / diOH-PTA / pHBA were 11 / 9.8 / 3.3 %respectively.
[0074] DiOH-PTA=2, 5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid+2, 3-dihydroxyterephthalic acid+2, 6-dihydroxyterephthalic acid
Claims
1.A method for preparing p-hydroxybenzoic acid p-hydroxybenzoic acid and / or dihydroxyterephthalic acid from a salt of terephthalic acid in a solution comprising water using high frequency ultrasound at a temperature from 35 to 90 ℃.2.The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature is from 40 to 75 ℃.3.The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature is from 50 to 70 ℃.4.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the salt of terephthalic acid is a metal salt of terephthalic acid and preferably an alkali metal salt of terephthalic acid.5.The method according to claim 4, wherein the alkali metal is selected from the group consisting of lithium (Li) , sodium (Na) and potassium (K) , preferably selected from the group consisting of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) , more preferably sodium (Na) .6.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the salt of terephthalic acid is disodium terephthalate or dipotassium terephthalate and preferably disodium terephthalate.7.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the solution has an initial pH from 4 to 11, preferably from 4.5 to 10, more preferably from 4.8 to 9, most preferably from 5 to 8.5.8.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the high frequency ultrasound is selected from frequency between 150-1000 kHz.9.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the high frequency ultrasound is selected from frequency between 500-700 kHz.10.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the salt of terephthalic acid in the solution has a concentration from 0.002 to 0.020 mol / L, preferably from 0.004 to 0.01 mol / L.11.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the molar ratio of water to the salt of terephthalic acid is above 1: 1 , preferably above 5: 1, more preferably above 10: 1, most preferably above 20: 1.12.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the solution is an aqueous solution.13.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein said method is suitable for eco-friendly manufacturing.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Apparatus and method for measuring hydroxyl radical
JP2012098114A