Devices and methods of communication
The terminal device uses AI/ML models to predict RLF and transmit results for network adjustments, improving RLF prediction accuracy and reducing connection interruptions.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-12
AI Technical Summary
Current methods for radio link failure (RLF) prediction in AI/ML-based mobility management are inadequate for enhancing mobility management, lacking clear strategies for RLF prediction and related operations.
A terminal device determines RLF prediction results using AI/ML models, transmitting these results to a network device to adjust handover decisions and configurations, and initiates RLF-related operations like MCG/SCG failure information and timer management based on these predictions.
Enhances mobility management by improving RLF prediction accuracy and reducing connection interruptions through proactive RLF-related operations.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024117385_12032026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS OF COMMUNICATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication, and in particular, to devices, methods and computer storage media of communication for artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) based mobility management.BACKGROUND
[0002] Currently, it has been agreed to study a radio link failure (RLF) prediction, e.g., including an indirect RLF prediction based on temporal domain serving cell measurement predictions (e.g., signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) ) , and a direct RLF prediction by AI / ML models. However, it is still unclear how to enhance mobility management based on the RLF prediction.SUMMARY
[0003] In general, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods, devices and computer storage media of communication for AI / ML based mobility management.
[0004] In a first aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the terminal device to: determine, based on a model inference, a prediction result of a RLF comprising one of the following: a first timer associated with the RLF is to be started at a first time point or window, and the RLF is to happen at a second time point or window, or the first timer is to be started at a third time point or window, and at least one of the following: no RLF is to happen, or the first timer is to be stopped at a fourth time point or window; and transmit first information of the prediction result to a network device or an upper layer of the terminal device.
[0005] In a second aspect, there is provided a network device. The network device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the network device to: receive, from a terminal device, first information of a prediction result of a RLF, the prediction result comprising one of the following: a first timer associated with the RLF is to be started at a first time point or window, and the RLF is to happen at a second time point or window, or the first timer is to be started at a third time point or window, and at least one of the following: no RLF is to happen, or the first timer is to be stopped at a fourth time point or window; and adjust, based on the first information, at least one of a handover decision or a configuration for the terminal device.
[0006] In a third aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: determining, at a terminal device based on a model inference, a prediction result of a RLF comprising one of the following: a first timer associated with the RLF is to be started at a first time point or window, and the RLF is to happen at a second time point or window, or the first timer is to be started at a third time point or window, and at least one of the following: no RLF is to happen, or the first timer is to be stopped at a fourth time point or window; and transmitting first information of the prediction result to a network device or an upper layer of the terminal device.
[0007] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: receiving, at a network device and from a terminal device, first information of a prediction result of a RLF, the prediction result comprising one of the following: a first timer associated with the RLF is to be started at a first time point or window, and the RLF is to happen at a second time point or window, or the first timer is to be started at a third time point or window, and at least one of the following: no RLF is to happen, or the first timer is to be stopped at a fourth time point or window; and adjusting, based on the first information, at least one of a handover decision or a configuration for the terminal device.
[0008] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon. The instructions, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method according to the third or fourth aspect of the present disclosure.
[0009] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] Through the more detailed description of some embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0011] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication network in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0012] FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of an AI common framework in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0013] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process of communication for AI / ML based mobility management in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0014] FIG. 4A illustrates a diagram illustrating an example RLF prediction in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0015] FIG. 4B illustrates a diagram illustrating another example RLF prediction in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0016] FIG. 5 illustrates a diagram illustrating an example transmission of master cell group (MCG) or secondary cell group (SCG) failure information in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0017] FIG. 6A illustrates a diagram illustrating an example starting of a timer in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 6B illustrates a diagram illustrating another example starting of a timer in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 6C illustrates a diagram illustrating still another example starting of a timer in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 7A illustrates a diagram illustrating an example declaration of RLF in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 7B illustrates a diagram illustrating another example declaration of RLF in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 7C illustrates a diagram illustrating still another example declaration of RLF in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIG. 8 illustrates a diagram illustrating an example reporting of RLF prediction in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of an example method of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of an example method of communication implemented at a network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0026] FIG. 11 is a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0027] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitations as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0029] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0030] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, Internet of things (IoT) devices, ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, device on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for integrated access and backhaul (IAB) , small data transmission (SDT) , mobility, multicast and broadcast services (MBS) , positioning, dynamic / flexible duplex in commercial networks, reduced capability (RedCap) , Space borne vehicles or air borne vehicles in non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and high altitude platforms (HAPs) encompassing unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) , extended reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) and virtual reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple subscriber identity module (SIM) as known as multi-SIM. The term ‘terminal device’ can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0031] The term ‘network device’ refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , Network-controlled Repeaters, and the like.
[0032] The terminal device or the network device may have artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0033] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g. FR1 (410 MHz to 7125 MHz) , FR2 (24.25GHz to 71GHz) , frequency band larger than 100GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connections with the network devices under MR-DC application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0034] The network device may have the function of network energy saving, self-organizing networks (SON) / minimization of drive tests (MDT) . The terminal may have the function of power saving.
[0035] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g. signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator.
[0036] In one embodiment, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In one embodiment, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In one embodiment, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In one embodiment, information A may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and information B may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In one embodiment, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0037] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. The term ‘and / or’ indicates that there may be three relationships. For example, A and / or B may indicate cases includes ‘only A’ , ‘both A and B’ , and ‘only B’ . The term ‘at least one of the following items’ or a similar expression thereof refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item or a plurality of items. For example, ‘at least one of A, B, or C’ may represent A, B, C, ‘A and B’ , ‘A and C’ , ‘B and C’ , or ‘A, B and C’ . Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0038] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0039] In the context of the present disclosure, the term ‘AI / ML’ may be interchangeably used with ‘ML’ or ‘AI’ . The term ‘AI / ML model’ may be interchangeably used with ‘ML model’ or ‘AI model’ . In the context of the present disclosure, the expression ‘is to be started’ herein may be interchangeably used with ‘is predicted to be started’ , and the term ‘is to happen’ herein may be interchangeably used with ‘is predicted to happen’ . The expression ‘declare a RLF’ herein may be interchangeably used with ‘determine that a RLF is detected’ .
[0040] In the context of the present disclosure, the term ‘measured results’ herein may refer to any suitable real measurement metrics, such as reference signal received power (RSRP) , reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) . The term ‘radio link quality’ herein may refer to any suitable measured values, such as RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR. The term ‘measured results’ herein may refer to real measurement results of cell (e.g., serving cell or neighbor cell) or beam or frequency measurements. The term ‘model input’ may indicate a set of measured results (i.e., real measurement results) in an observation window. The term ‘model output’ may indicate a set of predicted results in a prediction window.
[0041] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution of communication based on RLF prediction so as to enhance mobility management. In the solution, a terminal device may determine, based on a model inference, a prediction result of a RLF comprising one of the following: a first timer associated with the RLF is to be started at a first time point or window, and the RLF is to happen at a second time point or window; or the first timer is to be started at a third time point or window, and at least one of the following: no RLF is to happen, or the first timer is to be stopped at a fourth time point or window. In this way, more model outputs may be provided and more accurate RLF prediction may be provided.
[0042] In some embodiments, the terminal device may transmit information (also referred to as first information herein) of the prediction result of the RLF to a network device. Based on the first information, the network device may adjust at least one of a handover decision or a configuration for the terminal device. In this way, a network (NW) operation related to RLF may be facilitated so as to avoid RLF as much as possible.
[0043] In some embodiments, the terminal device may transmit the first information from a lower layer of the terminal device to an upper layer of the terminal device. The upper layer may modify a configuration of the terminal device or prompt a user to modify the terminal device. In this way, a terminal device operation related to RLF may be facilitated so as to avoid RLF as much as possible.
[0044] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0045] EXAMPLE OF COMMUNICATION NETWORK
[0046] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication network 100 in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in FIG. 1, the communication network 100 may include a terminal device 110 and network devices 120 and 130. In some embodiments, each of the network devices 120 and 130 may provide one or more cells (not shown) to serve the terminal device 110.
[0047] The terminal device 110 may have a plurality of beams (not shown) , and each of the network devices 120 and 130 may have a plurality of beams (not shown) . A channel (or called as a sub-channel in this case) may be formed between one of the plurality of beams of the terminal device 110 and one of the plurality of beams of the network device 120 or 130. The terminal device 110 may transmit information to the network device 120 or 130, or receive information from the network device 120 or 130 via one or more sub-channels.
[0048] It is to be understood that the number of devices in FIG. 1 is given for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations to the present disclosure. The communication network 100 may include any suitable number of network devices and / or terminal devices and / or other network elements adapted for implementing implementations of the present disclosure.
[0049] As shown in FIG. 1, the terminal device 110 and each of the network devices 120 and 130 may communicate with each other via Uu interface. The network device 120 and the network device 130 may communication with each other via Xn interface. The communications in the communication network 100 may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, global system for mobile communications (GSM) , long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-evolution, LTE-advanced (LTE-A) , new radio (NR) , wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) , code division multiple access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE radio access network (GERAN) , machine type communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0050] FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram 200 of an AI / ML common framework in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in FIG. 2, training data, monitoring data and inference data may be obtained through an entity of data collection 210.
[0051] With reference to FIG. 2, the training data may be used for model training by an entity of model training 220. An AI / ML model may be trained or updated through the model training. The trained or updated AI / ML model may be stored by an entity of model storage 230.
[0052] With reference to FIG. 2, the monitoring data may be used for model management by an entity of model management 240. The entity of model management 240 may send performance feedback or retraining request to the entity of model training 220 for model retraining. The entity of model management 240 may send model transfer or delivery request to the entity of model storage 230, and the entity of model storage 230 may transfer or delivery the stored AI model to an entity of model inference 250.
[0053] As shown in FIG. 2, the inference data may be used for model inference by the entity of model inference 250. With the inference data as an input of the AI / ML model, an output data set may be obtained by the model inference. The entity of model inference 250 may provide a monitoring output to the entity of model management 240 and receive an indication of model selection / activation / deactivation / switching / fallback from the entity of model management 240.
[0054] So far, life cycle management (LCM) of an AI / ML model is described with reference to FIG. 2. It is to be understood that although the entities 210 to 250 are shown or described as separate entities in FIG. 2, these entities 210-250 may be implemented in one or more physical entities.
[0055] For a RLF detection, when downlink radio link quality on all configured radio link measurement reference signals (RLM-RSs) is worse than Qout, layer 1 of a terminal device may send an out-of-sync indication for a cell to higher layers. When downlink radio link quality on at least one of the configured RLM-RSs is better than Qin, layer 1 of a terminal device may send an in-sync indication for the cell to the higher layers. Upon receiving N310 consecutive out-of-sync indications for the cell, the higher layers may start a timer T310 for the cell. Upon receiving N311 consecutive in-sync indications for the cell while T310 is running, the higher layers may stop the timer T310 for the cell and stop a timer T312 if running. Upon T310 or T312 expires, the higher layers may consider that a RLF is detected.
[0056] As known, AI / ML based RLF prediction may predict a future connection situation of a terminal device. By performing a RLF related operation in advance, long-time connection interruption may be reduced, and performance of the terminal device may be improved. A well-known RLF related operation is that the terminal device predicts a RLF and initiates a radio resource control (RRC) reestablishment at a proper time instance. However, more details other than the RRC reestablishment are also needed to be discussed, e.g., a transmission of MCG or SCG failure information, a timer associated with the RLF, declaration of the RLF, a report of the RLF, etc.
[0057] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of communication so as to overcome the above and other potential issues. For illustration, the solutions will be detailed below with reference to FIGs. 3 to 8.
[0058] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF RLF PREDICTION
[0059] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution of RLF prediction. This solution will be described in connection with FIGs. 3 to 4B.
[0060] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process 300 of communication for AI / ML based mobility management in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 300 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The process 300 may involve the terminal device 110 and the network device 120 as illustrated in FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 3 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. For example, the order of the steps may be changed. Some of the steps may be omitted or any other suitable additional steps may be added. It is assumed that an AI / ML model is deployed at the terminal device 110. The network device 120 provides a serving cell for the terminal device 110, and the network device 130 provides a target cell for the terminal device 110.
[0061] As shown in FIG. 3, at step 310, the terminal device 110 may determine a prediction result of a RLF based on a model inference. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine the prediction result based on a direct RLF prediction. That is, a model output is the prediction result. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine the prediction result based on an indirect RLF prediction. That is, a model output is not the prediction result itself, and the prediction result needs to be derived from the model output. For example, the model output may be radio link quality (e.g., SINR) information, and the prediction result may be derived from the radio link quality information.
[0062] In some embodiments, the prediction result may comprise that a first timer associated with the RLF is to be started at a first time point or window and the RLF is to happen at a second time point or window. That is, it is predicted that the first timer is to be started and the RLF is to happen in the end. In some embodiments, the first timer may be T310. It is to be understood that the first timer may also be any other suitable timers for RLF detection or out-of-sync detection.
[0063] For example, by evaluating radio link quality in the future, the terminal device 110 may predict when N310 consecutive out-of-sync indications are received from the lower layer, i.e., T310 start condition. But the terminal device 110 needs to continuously evaluate radio link quality during running of T310. If no N311 consecutive in-sync indications are received from the lower layer until T310 expires, the terminal device 110 may predict that a RLF happens in the end. FIG. 4A illustrates a diagram 400A illustrating an example RLF prediction in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In this example, it is assumed that N310=3 and N311=3. As shown in FIG. 4A, block error rate (BLER) values of RLM-RSs in future time instances are predicted. Based on the predicted BLER values of the RLM-RSs, it is predicted that T310 starts at a time T1 and a RLF happens at a time T2 (i.e., T310 expires at T2) . It is to be noted that the time T1 and T2 may be a time point or a time window.
[0064] In some embodiments, the prediction result may comprise that the first timer is to be started at a third time point or window, and at least one of the following: no RLF is to happen, or the first timer is to be stopped at a fourth time point or window. That is, it is predicted that the first timer is to be started but no RLF is to happen and / or the first timer is to be stopped in the end.
[0065] For example, by evaluating radio link quality in the future, the terminal device 110 may predict when N310 consecutive out-of-sync indications are received from the lower layer, i.e., T310 start condition. But the terminal device 110 needs to continuously evaluate radio link quality during running of T310. If N311 consecutive in-sync indications are received from the lower layer before T310 expires, the terminal device 110 may predict that no RLF happen in the end. FIG. 4B illustrates a diagram 400B illustrating another example RLF prediction in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In this example, it is assumed that N310=3 and N311=3. As shown in FIG. 4B, BLER values of RLM-RSs in future time instances are predicted. Based on the predicted BLER values of the RLM-RSs, it is predicted that T310 starts at a time T3 and T310 stops at a time T4 (i.e., no RLF happen) . It is to be noted that the time T3 and T4 may be a time point or a time window.
[0066] In some embodiments, the prediction result may comprise a possibility of prediction of the RLF, i.e., a possibility that the RLF is to happen. In some embodiments, the prediction result may comprise a possibility of prediction of the first timer, i.e., a possibility that the first timer is to be started. In some embodiments, if the possibility of prediction of the first timer is lower than or equal to a threshold (for convenience, also referred to as an eighth threshold herein) , the terminal device 110 may skip the prediction result. In this way, performance and robust of mobility management based on RLF prediction may be improved.
[0067] In some embodiments, the prediction result may comprise the RLF is to happen at a future time point or window. In some embodiments, the prediction result may comprise no RLF is to happen at a future time point or window. It is to be noted that the prediction result may also adopt any other suitable ways.
[0068] Continuing to refer to FIG. 3, at step 320, the terminal device 110 may transmit information (for convenience, also referred to as first information herein) of the prediction result to the network device 120. In some embodiments, the first information may comprise the first time point or window of the start of the first timer and the second time point or window of the happen of the RLF. In some embodiments, the first information may comprise the third time point or window of the start of the first timer and the fourth time point or window of the stop of the first timer (or no happen of the RLF) . In some embodiments, the first information may comprise the possibility of prediction of the first timer and the possibility of prediction of the RLF. It is to be understood that the first information may comprise any combinations of the above information.
[0069] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may transmit the first information once the prediction result is determined. That is, once it is predicted that the first timer is to be started and the RLF is to happen in the end, or once it is predicted that the first timer is to be started and no RLF is to happen and / or the first timer is to be stopped in the end, the terminal device 110 may transmit the first information. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may initiate an uplink (UL) RRC message transmission carrying the first information. For example, the terminal device 110 may initiate an uplink assistance information (UAI) or measurement report (MR) transmission including the first information. Alternatively or additionally, the terminal device 110 may transmit the first information via a layer 1 or layer 2 signaling.
[0070] As shown in FIG. 3, at step 330, the network device 120 may perform an operation based on the first information. In some embodiments, the network device 120 may adjust a handover decision for the terminal device 110 based on the first information of the RLF prediction. In some embodiments, the network device 120 may adjust a configuration (e.g., one or more configuration parameters) for the terminal device 110 based on the first information of the RLF prediction.
[0071] In this way, more types of a model output for RLF prediction are defined, and thus there is more room for performing RLF related operations.
[0072] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF TRANSMISSION OF MCG / SCG FAILURE INFORMATION
[0073] Conventionally, only when an event for handover is triggered and T310 is running, a terminal device starts T312. When T312 expires, the terminal device initiates MCG or SCG failure information for fast link recovery by NW configuration. Since the terminal device is capable to make a RLF prediction, the terminal device may ignore whether the event for handover is triggered or T310 / 312 is running, and initiate fast link recovery just based on the RLF prediction.
[0074] Thus, embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a solution of a MCG or SCG failure information transmission. For convenience, this solution will be described in connection with FIGs. 3 and 5.
[0075] As shown by step 340 in FIG. 3, if a RLF is to happen at a time point or window, the terminal device 110 may initiate a transmission of MCG or SCG failure information at a further time point or window earlier than the time point or window by a time offset. For example, once the terminal device 110 predicts a time point or window of the RLF, if the terminal device 110 supports the transmission of the MCG or SCG failure information, the terminal device 110 may initiate a MCG or SCG failure information procedure before the time point or window of the RLF.
[0076] In some embodiments, the prediction result of the RLF may comprise that the RLF is to happen at the time point or window. In this case, the terminal device 110 may initiate the transmission of the MCG or SCG failure information at the further time point or window earlier than the time point or window by the time offset.
[0077] In some embodiments, the prediction result of the RLF may comprise that the first timer associated with the RLF is to be started at the first time point or window, and the RLF is to happen at the second time point or window. In this case, the terminal device 110 may determine that the RLF is to happen at the second time point or window in the future, and may initiate the transmission of the MCG or SCG failure information at a time point or window (i.e., the further time point or window) earlier than the second time point or window by the time offset.
[0078] FIG. 5 illustrates a diagram 500 illustrating an example transmission of MCG or SCG failure information in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 5, at a time T5, the terminal device 110 predicts that a RLF is to happen at a time T6. In this case, no matter whether an event for handover is triggered or T312 is running, the terminal device 110 initiates a transmission of MCG or SCG failure information at a time T7 earlier than the time T6 by the time offset. It is to be noted that the time T5, T6 and T7 may be a time point or a time window.
[0079] In some embodiments, the MCG or SCG failure information may comprise at least one of the following: the first time point or window at which the first timer is to be started, an indication of whether the RLF is to happen, the second time point or window at which the RLF is to happen, or the fourth time point or window at which the first timer is to be stopped.
[0080] For illustration, an example of the MCG or SCG failure information may be described as below.
[0081] In this example, an information element (IE) ‘RLF-prediction’ indicates that a failure type is a RLF prediction, an IE ‘TimeInstanceOfT310Start’ indicates the first time point or window of the start of the first timer, an IE ‘RLFHappen’ indicates whether the RLF is to happen, and an IE ‘TimeInstanceOfT310Stop’ indicates the fourth time point or window of the stop of the first timer.
[0082] In this way, a condition for initiating the MCG or SCG failure information transmission is defined, and more information may be reported to NW so as to facilitate NW decision.
[0083] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF START OF A TIMER FOR RLF RECOVERY
[0084] Conventionally, if an event for handover is triggered but T310 is not running, T312 will not be started in a subsequent procedure. This means that MCG or SCG failure information will not be proceed for fast link recovery. Thus, based on RLF prediction, a terminal device is expected to still start T312 in some scenarios even T310 is started after the event for handover.
[0085] Thus, embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a solution of starting a timer for RLF recovery. For convenience, this solution will be described in connection with FIGs. 3 and 6A to 6C.
[0086] As shown by step 350 in FIG. 3, the terminal device 110 may start a second timer associated with a RLF based on a RLF prediction. In some embodiments, the second timer may be T312. It is to be noted that the second timer may also be any other suitable timers for RLF recovery or fast link recovery.
[0087] In some embodiments, if the first timer is to be started at the first time point or window and an event for handover is triggered at a time point or window (for convenience, also referred to as a fifth time point or window herein) that is before the first time point or window, the terminal device 110 may start the second timer at the first time point or window. In other words, if the terminal device 110 has predicted a time point or window of the start of the first timer (e.g., T310) and the event for handover is triggered before the time point or window, the terminal device 110 starts the second timer (e.g., T312) at the time point or window in which the first timer is to be started.
[0088] FIG. 6A illustrates a diagram 600A illustrating an example starting of a timer in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 6A, it is predicted that T310 starts at a time T8. Since an event for handover is triggered at a time T9 before the time T8, the terminal device 110 may start T312 at the time T8. It is to be noted that the time T8 and T9 may be a time point or a time window.
[0089] In some embodiments, the first timer is to be started at the first time point or window and the event for handover is triggered at the fifth time point or window before the first time point or window. If a time interval (for convenience, also referred to as a first time interval herein) between the fifth time point or window and the first time point or window is smaller than or equal to a threshold (for convenience, also referred to as a first threshold herein) , the terminal device 110 may start the second timer at the fifth time point or window. In other words, if the terminal device 110 has predicted a time point or window of the start of the first timer (e.g., T310) and the event for handover is triggered before the time point or window, and if remaining time to the time point or window of the start of the first timer is smaller than or equal to the first threshold, the terminal device 110 starts the second timer (e.g., T312) at a time point or window in which the event is triggered.
[0090] FIG. 6B illustrates a diagram 600B illustrating another example starting of a timer in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 6B, it is predicted that T310 starts at a time T10. Since an event for handover is triggered at a time T11 before the time T10 and a time interval between the time T11 and T10 is smaller than or equal to the first threshold, the terminal device 110 may start T312 at the time T11. It is to be noted that the time T10 and T11 may be a time point or a time window.
[0091] In some embodiments, if the RLF is to happen at the second time point or window, the event for handover is triggered at the fifth time point or window while the first timer is not running, and a time interval (for convenience, also referred to as a second time interval herein) between the fifth time point or window and the second time point or window is smaller than or equal to a threshold (for convenience, also referred to as a second threshold herein) , the terminal device 110 may start the second timer at the fifth time point or window. In other words, if the terminal device 110 has predicted a time point or window of the RLF and the event for handover is triggered while the first timer (e.g., T310) is not running, and if remaining time to the time point or window of the RLF is smaller than or equal to the second threshold, the terminal device 110 starts the second timer (e.g., T312) at a time point or window in which the event is triggered.
[0092] FIG. 6C illustrates a diagram 600C illustrating still another example starting of a timer in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 6C, it is predicted that the RLF happens at a time T12. Since an event for handover is triggered at a time T13 while the timer T310 is running, and a time interval between the time T13 and T12 is smaller than or equal to the second threshold, the terminal device 110 may start T312 at the time T13. It is to be noted that the time T12 and T13 may be a time point or a time window.
[0093] In some embodiments, if the first threshold is configured, the terminal device 110 may determine that the terminal device 110 is allowed to enable the transmission of MCG or SCG failure information. In some embodiments, if the second threshold is configured, the terminal device 110 may determine that the terminal device 110 is allowed to enable the transmission of MCG or SCG failure information. In this way, the transmission of MCG or SCG failure information may be enabled in an implicit way, and signaling overhead may be saved.
[0094] In some embodiments, if the event for handover is triggered, the terminal device 110 may initiate a MR transmission comprising the first information of the prediction result.
[0095] In some embodiments, if the second timer expires, the terminal device 110 may initiate the transmission of MCG or SCG failure information. In some embodiments, the MCG or SCG failure information may comprise the first information of the prediction result. For example, the MCG or SCG failure information may comprise at least one of the following: the first time point or window (e.g., IE ‘TimeInstanceOfT310Start’ ) at which the first timer is to be started, the second time point or window (e.g., IE ‘RLFHappen’ ) at which the RLF is to happen, or the fourth time point or window (e.g., IE ‘TimeInstanceOfT310Stop’ ) at which the first timer is to be stopped.
[0096] In this way, more conditions for starting the second timer (e.g., T312) may be introduced, and the MCG or SCG failure information procedure may be facilitated.
[0097] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF RLF DECLARATION
[0098] Conventionally, a terminal device declares a RLF based on expiration of T310. In the case that a RLF prediction is used for mobility management, it is still unclear when the RLF is declared based on an actual RLF or a predicted RLF.
[0099] Thus, embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a solution of declaring a RLF. For convenience, this solution will be described in connection with FIGs. 3 and 7A to 7C.
[0100] As shown by step 360 in FIG. 3, the terminal device 110 may declare a RLF based on an actual RLF or a predicted RLF. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine that a RLF (i.e., actual RLF) actually happens at a current time point or window based on real measurements of radio link quality. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may predict that a RLF (i.e., predicted RLF) happens at a future time point or window.
[0101] In some embodiments, if a RLF is predicted to happen at a time point or window (e.g., the second time point or window) , the terminal device 110 may declare the RLF based on an earlier one of the time point or window at which the RLF is predicted to happen and a time point or window (for convenience, also referred to as a sixth time point or window herein) at which the RLF actually happens.
[0102] FIG. 7A illustrates a diagram 700A illustrating an example declaration of RLF in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown by a reference sign 701 in FIG. 7A, a predicted RLF happens at a time T14, but an actual RLF happens at a time T15 that is after the time T14. Then the terminal device 110 may declare the RLF at the time T14. It is to be noted that the time T14 and T15 may be a time point or a time window.
[0103] As shown by a reference sign 702 in FIG. 7A, a predicted RLF happens at a time T17, but an actual RLF happens at a time T16 that is before the time T17. Then the terminal device 110 may declare the RLF at the time T16. It is to be noted that the time T16 and T17 may be a time point or a time window.
[0104] In some embodiments, if a RLF is predicted to happen at a time point or window (e.g., the second time point or window) , and no RLF actually happens until the time point or window, the terminal device 110 may determine whether to declare a RLF based on radio link quality at the time point or window. That is, if the terminal device 110 has predicted the time point or window of the predicted RLF, and if no actual RLF happen before or at the time point or window of the predicted RLF, the terminal device 110 may determine whether to declare the RLF based on a real measurement of radio link quality.
[0105] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may perform the real measurement for radio link quality. If the radio link quality (e.g., SINR) is lower than (i.e., worse than) or equal to a threshold (for convenience, also referred to as a third threshold herein) , the terminal device 110 may declare the RLF based on the time point or window of the predicted RLF. If the radio link quality is higher than the third threshold, the terminal device 110 may skip the time point or window of the predicted RLF. In some embodiments, the third threshold may be Qout. It is to be noted that the third threshold may also be any other suitable values.
[0106] FIG. 7B illustrates a diagram 700B illustrating another example declaration of RLF in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 7B, a predicted RLF happens at a time T18, but no actual RLF happen before or at the time T18. Then the terminal device 110 may declare the RLF at the time T18. It is to be noted that the time T18 may be a time point or a time window.
[0107] In some embodiments, if a RLF is predicted to happen at a time point or window (e.g., the second time point or window) , and no RLF actually happens until the time point or window, the terminal device 110 may determine whether to declare a RLF based on a timer (for convenience, also referred to as a third timer herein) started at the time point or window. The third timer may also be called as a delay timer. That is, if the terminal device 110 has predicted the time point or window of the predicted RLF, and if no actual RLF happen before or at the time point or window of the predicted RLF, the terminal device 110 may start the third timer at the time point or window of the predicted RLF, and determine whether to declare the RLF based on the third timer or an actual RLF during running of the third timer.
[0108] In some embodiments, if the RLF actually happens during running of the third timer, the terminal device 110 may declare a RLF based on a time point or window at which the RLF happens actually. FIG. 7C illustrates a diagram 700C illustrating still another example declaration of RLF in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown by a reference sign 703 in FIG. 7C, a predicted RLF happens at a time T19, but no actual RLF happen before or at the time T19. The terminal device 110 may start the third timer at the time T19. An actual RLF happens at the time T20 during running of the third timer. Thus, the terminal device 110 may declare the RLF at the time T20. It is to be noted that the time T19 and T20 may be a time point or a time window.
[0109] In some embodiments, if no RLF actually happens until the third timer expires, the terminal device 110 may declare the RLF based on a time point or window at which the third timer expires. As shown by a reference sign 704 in FIG. 7C, a predicted RLF happens at the time T19, but no actual RLF happen before or at the time T19. The terminal device 110 may start the third timer at the time T19. Since no actual RLF happen until expiration of the third timer. Thus, the terminal device 110 may declare the RLF upon the expiration of the third timer.
[0110] In some embodiments, if a RLF is predicted to happen at a time point or window (e.g., the second time point or window) , and no RLF actually happens until the time point or window, the terminal device 110 may determine whether to declare the RLF based on a possibility of prediction of the RLF.
[0111] In some embodiments, if the possibility of prediction of the RLF is higher than or equal to a threshold (for convenience, also referred to a fourth threshold herein) , the terminal device 110 may declare the RLF based on the time point or window of the predicted RLF. If the possibility of prediction of the RLF is lower than the fourth threshold, the terminal device 110 may ignore the prediction result of the RLF.
[0112] In some embodiments, once the terminal device 110 declares the RLF, the terminal device 110 may perform a RLF related operation existing or to be developed in future.
[0113] In this way, more conditions for declaring a RLF are defined, and a RLF related operation may be facilitated.
[0114] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF RLF PREDICTION CHANGE
[0115] In some scenarios, a terminal device has predicted a RLF, but a subsequent predicted result is changed. In this case, a behavior of the terminal device needs to be specified.
[0116] Thus, embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a solution of mobility management based on RLF prediction change. For convenience, this solution will be described in connection with FIG. 3.
[0117] As shown by step 370 in FIG. 3, the terminal device 110 may perform an operation based on a change of a prediction result.
[0118] In some embodiments, the prediction result may indicate whether the RLF is predicted to happen. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine, based on a first model inference, a first prediction result comprising that the RLF is predicted to happen, and determine, based on a second model inference after the first model inference, a second prediction result comprising that no RLF is predicted to happen. That is, the terminal device 110 may have predicted that a RLF happens, but a subsequent predicted result indicates no RLF happen.
[0119] In this case, the terminal device 110 may stop the first timer (e.g., T310) if the first timer is running. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may stop the second timer (e.g., T312) if the second timer is running. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may transmit information of the second prediction result (i.e., subsequent prediction result) to the network device 120, e.g., by initiating or reinitiating a UL RRC message. It is to be noted that any other suitable ways (e.g., layer 1 or layer 2 signaling) may also be feasible for transmission the information of the second prediction result. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may cancel a procedure related to the RLF if ongoing. For example, the procedure related to the RLF may comprise a transmission of MCG or SCG failure information, or RRC reestablishment, or a transmission of information of the first prediction result.
[0120] In some embodiments, the prediction result may indicate whether the first timer is predicted to be started and whether the RLF is predicted to happen. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine, based on a third model inference, a third prediction result comprising that the first timer is predicted to be started and the RLF is predicted to happen, and determine, based on a fourth model inference after the third model inference, a fourth prediction result comprising that the first timer is predicted to be started and no RLF is predicted to happen. That is, the terminal device 110 may have predicted that the first timer is to be started and a RLF is to happen, but a subsequent predicted result indicates that the first timer is to be started but no RLF is to happen.
[0121] In this case, the terminal device 110 may stop the first timer (e.g., T310) if the first timer is running. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may stop the second timer (e.g., T312) if the second timer is running. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may transmit information of the fourth prediction result (i.e., subsequent prediction result) to the network device 120, e.g., by initiating or reinitiating a UL RRC message. It is to be noted that any other suitable ways may also be feasible for transmission the information of the fourth prediction result. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may cancel a procedure related to the RLF if ongoing. For example, the procedure related to the RLF may comprise a transmission of MCG or SCG failure information, or RRC reestablishment, or a transmission of information of the third prediction result.
[0122] In some embodiments, the prediction result may indicate when the RLF is predicted to happen. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine, based on a fifth model inference, a fifth prediction result comprising that the RLF is predicted to happen at a seventh time point or window, and determine, based on a sixth model inference after the fifth model inference, a sixth prediction result comprising that the RLF is predicted to happen at an eighth time point or window. That is, the terminal device 110 may have predicted the seventh time point or window of the RLF, but a subsequent predicted result indicates the eighth time point or window of the RLF.
[0123] In this case, the terminal device 110 may determine whether a difference between the seventh time point or window and the eighth time point or window is greater than or equal to a threshold (for convenience, also referred to as a fifth threshold herein) . In some embodiments, if the difference between the seventh time point or window and the eighth time point or window is greater than or equal to the fifth threshold, the terminal device 110 may transmit information of the sixth prediction result (i.e., subsequent prediction result) to the network device 120, e.g., by initiating or reinitiating a UL RRC message. It is to be noted that any other suitable ways (e.g., layer 1 or layer 2 signaling) may also be feasible for transmission the information of the sixth prediction result. In some embodiments, if the difference between the seventh time point or window and the eighth time point or window is greater than or equal to the fifth threshold, the terminal device 110 may evaluate or reevaluate a condition for initiating a procedure related to the RLF based on the eighth time point or window. For example, the procedure related to the RLF may comprise a transmission of MCG or SCG failure information, or RRC reestablishment, or a transmission of information of the fifth prediction result.
[0124] In some embodiments, the prediction result may indicate when the first timer is predicted to be started and when the RLF is predicted to happen. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine, based on a seventh model inference, a seventh prediction result comprising that the first timer is predicted to be started at a ninth time point or window and the RLF is predicted to happen at a tenth time point or window, and determine, based on an eighth model inference, an eighth prediction result comprising that the first timer is predicted to be started at an eleventh time point or window and the RLF is predicted to happen at a twelfth time point or window. That is, the terminal device 110 may have predicted the ninth time point or window of the start of the first timer and the tenth time point or window of the RLF, but a subsequent predicted result indicates that the eleventh time point or window of the start of the first timer and the twelfth time point or window of the RLF.
[0125] In this case, the terminal device 110 may determine whether a difference between the ninth time point or window and the eleventh time point or window is greater than or equal to a threshold (for convenience, also referred to as a sixth threshold herein) , and determine whether a difference between the tenth time point or window and the twelfth time point or window is greater than or equal to a threshold (for convenience, also referred to as a seventh threshold herein) .
[0126] In some embodiments, if the difference between the ninth time point or window and the eleventh time point or window is greater than or equal to the sixth threshold, and / or if the difference between the tenth time point or window and the twelfth time point or window is greater than or equal to the seventh threshold, the terminal device 110 may transmit information of the eighth prediction result (i.e., subsequent prediction result) to the network device 120, e.g., by initiating or reinitiating a UL RRC message. It is to be noted that any other suitable ways (e.g., layer 1 or layer 2 signaling) may also be feasible for transmission the information of the eighth prediction result.
[0127] In some embodiments, if the difference between the ninth time point or window and the eleventh time point or window is greater than or equal to the sixth threshold, and / or if the difference between the tenth time point or window and the twelfth time point or window is greater than or equal to the seventh threshold, the terminal device 110 may evaluate or reevaluate a condition for initiating a procedure related to the RLF based on at least one of the eleventh or twelfth time point or window. For example, the procedure related to the RLF may comprise a transmission of MCG or SCG failure information, or RRC reestablishment, or a transmission of information of the seventh prediction result.
[0128] In this way, a terminal device behavior upon RLF prediction change may be specified.
[0129] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF REPORT OF RLF PREDICTION TO UPPER LAYER
[0130] Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a solution of reporting a RLF prediction result to an upper layer. For convenience, this solution will be described in connection with FIG. 3.
[0131] As shown by step 380 in FIG. 3, if the terminal device 110 determines a predicted result of a RLF, the terminal device 110 may transmit information (e.g., the first information) of the predicted result from a lower layer to an upper layer of the terminal device 110. The lower layer may make a decision for RLF. In some embodiments, the lower layer may be a RRC layer. In some embodiments, the upper layer may be a non-access stratum (NAS) layer or an application (APP) layer.
[0132] In some embodiments, the predicted result may be any RLF prediction based on AI / ML model. For example, the predicted result may be a time point or window of a RLF, or both a time point or window of a start of the first timer and a time point or window of a RLF, or any other suitable forms.
[0133] FIG. 8 illustrates a diagram 800 illustrating an example reporting of RLF prediction in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 8, a UE RRC layer 801 may obtain a predicted result for RLF based on AI model, and report the predicted result to a UE NAS layer 802. Alternatively, the UE RRC layer 801 may report the predicted result to the UE APP layer 803. Alternatively, the UE RRC layer 801 may report the predicted result to the UE APP layer 803 via the UE NAS layer 802.
[0134] In some embodiments where the predicted result is reported to the NAS layer of the terminal device 110, if the RLF is predicted to happen (i.e., the terminal device 110 will suffer from a radio link problem) , the NAS layer may modify a configuration of the terminal device 110. For example, the NAS layer may switch a SIM card. In another example, the NAS layer may change a public land mobile network (PLMN) policy.
[0135] In some embodiments where the predicted result is reported to the APP layer of the terminal device 110, if the RLF is predicted to happen (i.e., the terminal device 110 will suffer from a radio link problem) , the APP layer may prompt a user to modify the terminal device 110, i.e., let the user to manually modify the terminal device 110. For example, the user may move a position of the terminal device 110. In another example, the user may restart the terminal device 110.
[0136] In this way, some information of RLF are informed to an upper layer of a terminal device, and thus the upper layer may provide some useful assistance for RLF.
[0137] So far, solutions of mobility management based on RLF prediction are described. It is to be understood that although all the solutions are described in connection with FIG. 3, the solutions or steps in the solutions may be carried out separately or in any suitable combinations.
[0138] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF METHODS
[0139] Corresponding to the above process, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods of communication implemented at a terminal device and a network device. These methods will be described below with reference to FIGs. 9 and 10.
[0140] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 900 of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 900 may be performed at the terminal device 110 as shown in FIG. 1. For the purpose of discussion, in the following, the method 900 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 900 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. The terminal device 110 is served by the network device 120.
[0141] At block 910, the terminal device 110 may determine a prediction result of a RLF based on a model inference. In some embodiments, the prediction result may comprise one of the following: a first timer associated with the RLF is to be started at a first time point or window, and the RLF is to happen at a second time point or window; or the first timer is to be started at a third time point or window, and at least one of the following: no RLF is to happen, or the first timer is to be stopped at a fourth time point or window.
[0142] At block 920, the terminal device 110 may transmit first information of the prediction result. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may transmit the first information to the network device 120. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may transmit the first information to an upper layer of the terminal device 110.
[0143] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the RLF is to happen at the second time point or window, the terminal device 110 may initiate a transmission of MCG or SCG failure information at a time point or window earlier than the second time point or window by a time offset.
[0144] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the first timer is to be started at the first time point or window and an event for handover is triggered at a fifth time point or window that is before the first time point or window, the terminal device 110 may start a second timer associated with the RLF at the first time point or window.
[0145] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the first timer is to be started at the first time point or window, the event for handover is triggered at the fifth time point or window, and a first time interval between the fifth time point or window and the first time point or window is smaller than or equal to a first threshold, the terminal device 110 may start the second timer at the fifth time point or window.
[0146] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the RLF is to happen at the second time point or window, the event for handover is triggered at the fifth time point or window while the first timer is not running, and a second time interval between the fifth time point or window and the second time point or window is smaller than or equal to a second threshold, the terminal device 110 may start the second timer at the fifth time point or window.
[0147] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the first or second threshold is configured, the terminal device 110 may determine that the terminal device 110 is allowed to enable a transmission of MCG or SCG failure information.
[0148] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may transmit the first information of the prediction result by: in accordance with a determination that the second timer expires, initiating a transmission of MCG or SCG failure information, the MCG or SCG failure information comprising the first information of the prediction result; or in accordance with a determination that the event for handover is triggered, initiating a MR transmission comprising the first information of the prediction result.
[0149] In some embodiments, the MCG or SCG failure information may comprise at least one of the following: the first time point or window, an indication of whether the RLF is to happen, the second time point or window, or the fourth time point or window.
[0150] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the RLF is to happen at the second time point or window, the terminal device 110 may declare the RLF based on an earlier one of the second time point or window and a sixth time point or window at which the RLF actually happens.
[0151] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the RLF is to happen at the second time point or window, and no RLF actually happens until the second time point or window, the terminal device 110 may determine whether to declare the RLF based on radio link quality at the second time point or window. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine whether to declare the RLF based on the radio link quality by: in accordance with a determination that the radio link quality is lower than or equal to a third threshold, declaring the RLF based on the second time point or window; and in accordance with a determination that the radio link quality is higher than the third threshold, skipping the second time point or window.
[0152] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the RLF is to happen at the second time point or window, and no RLF actually happens until the second time point or window, the terminal device 110 may determine whether to declare the RLF based on a third timer started at the second time point or window. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine whether to declare the RLF based on the third timer by: in accordance with a determination that the RLF happens actually during running of the third timer, declaring the RLF based on a time point or window at which the RLF happens actually; and in accordance with a determination that no RLF happens actually until the third timer expires, declaring the RLF based on a time point or window at which the third timer expires.
[0153] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the RLF is to happen at the second time point or window, and no RLF actually happens until the second time point or window, the terminal device 110 may determine whether to declare the RLF based on a possibility of prediction of the RLF. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine whether to declare the RLF based on the possibility of prediction by: in accordance with a determination that the possibility of prediction of the RLF is higher than or equal to a fourth threshold, declaring the RLF based on the second time point or window; and in accordance with a determination that the possibility of prediction of the RLF is lower than the fourth threshold, ignoring the prediction result of the RLF.
[0154] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine, based on a first model inference, a first prediction result comprising that the RLF is predicted to happen; determine, based on a second model inference after the first model inference, a second prediction result comprising that no RLF is predicted to happen; and perform an operation comprising at least one of the following: stopping the first timer if the first timer is running; stopping a second timer associated with the RLF if the second timer is running; transmitting, to the network device, information of the second prediction result; or cancelling a procedure related to the RLF.
[0155] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine, based on a third model inference, a third prediction result comprising that the first timer is predicted to be started and the RLF is predicted to happen; determine, based on a fourth model inference after the third model inference, a fourth prediction result comprising that the first timer is predicted to be started and no RLF is predicted to happen; and perform an operation comprising at least one of the following: stopping the first timer if the first timer is running; stopping a second timer associated with the RLF if the second timer is running; transmitting, to the network device, information of the fourth prediction result; or cancelling a procedure related to the RLF.
[0156] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine, based on a fifth model inference, a fifth prediction result comprising that the RLF is predicted to happen at a seventh time point or window; determine, based on a sixth model inference after the fifth model inference, a sixth prediction result comprising that the RLF is predicted to happen at an eighth time point or window; and in accordance with a determination that a difference between the seventh time point or window and the eighth time point or window is greater than or equal to a fifth threshold, perform an operation comprising at least one of the following: transmitting, to the network device, information of the sixth prediction result; or reevaluating a condition for initiating a procedure related to the RLF based on the eighth time point or window.
[0157] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine, based on a seventh model inference, a seventh prediction result comprising that the first timer is predicted to be started at a ninth time point or window and the RLF is predicted to happen at a tenth time point or window; determine, based on an eighth model inference, an eighth prediction result comprising that the first timer is predicted to be started at an eleventh time point or window and the RLF is predicted to happen at a twelfth time point or window; and in accordance with a determination that a difference between the ninth time point or window and the eleventh time point or window is greater than or equal to a sixth threshold, or a difference between the tenth time point or window and the twelfth time point or window is greater than or equal to a seventh threshold, or both, perform an operation comprising at least one of the following: transmitting, to the network device, information of the eighth prediction result; or reevaluating a condition for initiating a procedure related to the RLF based on at least one of the eleventh or twelfth time point or window.
[0158] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that a possibility of prediction of the first timer is lower than or equal to an eight threshold, the terminal device 110 may skip the prediction result.
[0159] In some embodiments where the upper layer is a NAS layer, in accordance with a determination that the RLF is to happen, the terminal device 110 may modify a configuration of the terminal device 110 by the NAS layer.
[0160] In some embodiments where the upper layer is an APP layer, in accordance with a determination that the RLF is to happen, the terminal device 110 may prompt a user to modify the terminal device 110 by the APP layer.
[0161] With the method 900, mobility management based on RLF prediction may be carried out.
[0162] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 1000 of communication implemented at a network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 1000 may be performed at the network device 120 as shown in FIG. 1. For the purpose of discussion, in the following, the method 1000 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 1000 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. The terminal device 110 is served by the network device 120.
[0163] At block 1010, the network device 120 may receive, from the terminal device 110, first information of a prediction result of a RLF. In some embodiments, the prediction result may comprise one of the following: a first timer associated with the RLF is to be started at a first time point or window, and the RLF is to happen at a second time point or window, or the first timer is to be started at a third time point or window, and at least one of the following: no RLF is to happen, or the first timer is to be stopped at a fourth time point or window.
[0164] At block 1020, the network device 120 may adjust, based on the first information, at least one of a handover decision or a configuration for the terminal device.
[0165] In some embodiments where the RLF is to happen at the second time point or window, the network device 120 may receive a transmission of MCG or SCG failure information at a time point or window earlier than the second time point or window by a time offset. In some embodiments, the MCG or SCG failure information may comprise at least one of the following: the first time point or window, an indication of whether the RLF is to happen, the second time point or window, or the fourth time point or window.
[0166] With the method 1000, more information of RLF prediction may be informed to NW and NW optimization may be facilitated.
[0167] It is to be understood that operations of the methods 900 and 1000 correspond to that described in connection with FIGs. 3 to 8, and thus other details are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0168] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF DEVICES
[0169] FIG. 11 is a simplified block diagram of a device 1100 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1100 can be considered as a further example implementation of the terminal device 110 or the network device 120 or the network device 130 as shown in FIG. 1. Accordingly, the device 1100 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the terminal device 110 or the network device 120 or the network device 130.
[0170] As shown, the device 1100 includes a processor 1110, a memory 1120 coupled to the processor 1110, a suitable transceiver 1140 coupled to the processor 1110, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 1140. The memory 1110 stores at least a part of a program 1130. The transceiver 1140 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 1140 may include at least one of a transmitter 1142 or a receiver 1144. The transmitter 1142 and the receiver 1144 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 1140 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an access node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a mobility management entity (MME) / access and mobility management function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0171] The program 1130 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 1110, enable the device 1100 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGs. 1 to 10. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 1110 of the device 1100, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 1110 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 1110 and memory 1120 may form processing means 1150 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0172] The memory 1120 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 1120 is shown in the device 1100, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 1100. The processor 1110 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1100 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0173] In some embodiments, a terminal device comprises a circuitry configured to: determine, based on a model inference, a prediction result of a RLF comprising one of the following: a first timer associated with the RLF is to be started at a first time point or window, and the RLF is to happen at a second time point or window, or the first timer is to be started at a third time point or window, and at least one of the following: no RLF is to happen, or the first timer is to be stopped at a fourth time point or window; and transmit first information of the prediction result to a network device or an upper layer of the terminal device.
[0174] In some embodiments, a network device comprises a circuitry configured to: receive, from a terminal device, first information of a prediction result of a RLF, the prediction result comprising one of the following: a first timer associated with the RLF is to be started at a first time point or window, and the RLF is to happen at a second time point or window, or the first timer is to be started at a third time point or window, and at least one of the following: no RLF is to happen, or the first timer is to be stopped at a fourth time point or window; and adjust, based on the first information, at least one of a handover decision or a configuration for the terminal device.
[0175] The term ‘circuitry’ used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0176] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0177] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGs. 1 to 10. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0178] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0179] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0180] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0181] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A terminal device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:determine, based on a model inference, a prediction result of a radio link failure (RLF) comprising one of the following:a first timer associated with the RLF is to be started at a first time point or window, and the RLF is to happen at a second time point or window, orthe first timer is to be started at a third time point or window, and at least one of the following: no RLF is to happen, or the first timer is to be stopped at a fourth time point or window; andtransmit first information of the prediction result to a network device or an upper layer of the terminal device.2.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that the RLF is to happen at the second time point or window, initiate a transmission of master cell group (MCG) or secondary cell group (SCG) failure information at a time point or window earlier than the second time point or window by a time offset.3.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that the first timer is to be started at the first time point or window and an event for handover is triggered at a fifth time point or window that is before the first time point or window, start a second timer associated with the RLF at the first time point or window; orin accordance with a determination that the first timer is to be started at the first time point or window, the event for handover is triggered at the fifth time point or window, and a first time interval between the fifth time point or window and the first time point or window is smaller than or equal to a first threshold, start the second timer at the fifth time point or window; orin accordance with a determination that the RLF is to happen at the second time point or window, the event for handover is triggered at the fifth time point or window while the first timer is not running, and a second time interval between the fifth time point or window and the second time point or window is smaller than or equal to a second threshold, start the second timer at the fifth time point or window.4.The terminal device of claim 3, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that the first or second threshold is configured, determine that the terminal device is allowed to enable a transmission of master cell group (MCG) or secondary cell group (SCG) failure information.5.The terminal device of claim 3, wherein the terminal device is caused to transmit the first information of the prediction result by:in accordance with a determination that the second timer expires, initiating a transmission of master cell group (MCG) or secondary cell group (SCG) failure information, the MCG or SCG failure information comprising the first information of the prediction result; orin accordance with a determination that the event for handover is triggered, initiating a measurement report (MR) transmission comprising the first information of the prediction result.6.The terminal device of claim 2 or 5, wherein the MCG or SCG failure information comprises at least one of the following:the first time point or window,an indication of whether the RLF is to happen,the second time point or window, orthe fourth time point or window.7.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that the RLF is to happen at the second time point or window, declare the RLF based on an earlier one of the second time point or window and a sixth time point or window at which the RLF actually happens; orin accordance with a determination that the RLF is to happen at the second time point or window, and no RLF actually happens until the second time point or window, determine whether to declare the RLF based on radio link quality at the second time point or window; orin accordance with a determination that the RLF is to happen at the second time point or window, and no RLF actually happens until the second time point or window, determine whether to declare the RLF based on a third timer started at the second time point or window; orin accordance with a determination that the RLF is to happen at the second time point or window, and no RLF actually happens until the second time point or window, determine whether to declare the RLF based on a possibility of prediction of the RLF.8.The terminal device of claim 7, wherein the terminal device is caused to determine whether to declare the RLF based on the radio link quality by:in accordance with a determination that the radio link quality is lower than or equal to a third threshold, declaring the RLF based on the second time point or window; andin accordance with a determination that the radio link quality is higher than the third threshold, skipping the second time point or window.9.The terminal device of claim 7, wherein the terminal device is caused to determine whether to declare the RLF based on the third timer by:in accordance with a determination that the RLF happens actually during running of the third timer, declaring the RLF based on a time point or window at which the RLF happens actually; andin accordance with a determination that no RLF happens actually until the third timer expires, declaring the RLF based on a time point or window at which the third timer expires.10.The terminal device of claim 7, wherein the terminal device is caused to determine whether to declare the RLF based on the possibility of prediction by:in accordance with a determination that the possibility of prediction of the RLF is higher than or equal to a fourth threshold, declaring the RLF based on the second time point or window; andin accordance with a determination that the possibility of prediction of the RLF is lower than the fourth threshold, ignoring the prediction result of the RLF.11.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:determine, based on a first model inference, a first prediction result comprising that the RLF is predicted to happen;determine, based on a second model inference after the first model inference, a second prediction result comprising that no RLF is predicted to happen; andperform an operation comprising at least one of the following:stopping the first timer if the first timer is running;stopping a second timer associated with the RLF if the second timer is running;transmitting, to the network device, information of the second prediction result; orcancelling a procedure related to the RLF.12.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:determine, based on a third model inference, a third prediction result comprising that the first timer is predicted to be started and the RLF is predicted to happen;determine, based on a fourth model inference after the third model inference, a fourth prediction result comprising that the first timer is predicted to be started and no RLF is predicted to happen; andperform an operation comprising at least one of the following:stopping the first timer if the first timer is running;stopping a second timer associated with the RLF if the second timer is running;transmitting, to the network device, information of the fourth prediction result; orcancelling a procedure related to the RLF.13.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:determine, based on a fifth model inference, a fifth prediction result comprising that the RLF is predicted to happen at a seventh time point or window;determine, based on a sixth model inference after the fifth model inference, a sixth prediction result comprising that the RLF is predicted to happen at an eighth time point or window; andin accordance with a determination that a difference between the seventh time point or window and the eighth time point or window is greater than or equal to a fifth threshold, perform an operation comprising at least one of the following:transmitting, to the network device, information of the sixth prediction result; orreevaluating a condition for initiating a procedure related to the RLF based on the eighth time point or window.14.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:determine, based on a seventh model inference, a seventh prediction result comprising that the first timer is predicted to be started at a ninth time point or window and the RLF is predicted to happen at a tenth time point or window;determine, based on an eighth model inference, an eighth prediction result comprising that the first timer is predicted to be started at an eleventh time point or window and the RLF is predicted to happen at a twelfth time point or window; andin accordance with a determination that a difference between the ninth time point or window and the eleventh time point or window is greater than or equal to a sixth threshold, or a difference between the tenth time point or window and the twelfth time point or window is greater than or equal to a seventh threshold, or both, perform an operation comprising at least one of the following:transmitting, to the network device, information of the eighth prediction result; orreevaluating a condition for initiating a procedure related to the RLF based on at least one of the eleventh or twelfth time point or window.15.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that a possibility of prediction of the first timer is lower than or equal to an eight threshold, skip the prediction result.16.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the upper layer is a non-access stratum (NAS) layer, and the terminal device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that the RLF is to happen, modify a configuration of the terminal device by the NAS layer.17.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the upper layer is an application layer, and the terminal device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that the RLF is to happen, prompt a user to modify the terminal device by the application layer.18.A network device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the network device to:receive, from a terminal device, first information of a prediction result of a radio link failure (RLF) , the prediction result comprising one of the following:a first timer associated with the RLF is to be started at a first time point or window, and the RLF is to happen at a second time point or window, orthe first timer is to be started at a third time point or window, and at least one of the following: no RLF is to happen, or the first timer is to be stopped at a fourth time point or window; andadjust, based on the first information, at least one of a handover decision or a configuration for the terminal device.19.The network device of claim 18, wherein the RLF is to happen at the second time point or window, and wherein the network device is further caused to:receive a transmission of master cell group (MCG) or secondary cell group (SCG) failure information at a time point or window earlier than the second time point or window by a time offset.20.The network device of claim 19, wherein the MCG or SCG failure information comprises at least one of the following:the first time point or window,an indication of whether the RLF is to happen,the second time point or window, orthe fourth time point or window.21.A method of communication, comprising:determining, at a terminal device based on a model inference, a prediction result of a radio link failure (RLF) comprising one of the following:a first timer associated with the RLF is to be started at a first time point or window, and the RLF is to happen at a second time point or window, orthe first timer is to be started at a third time point or window, and at least one of the following: no RLF is to happen, or the first timer is to be stopped at a fourth time point or window; andtransmitting first information of the prediction result to a network device or an upper layer of the terminal device.22.A method of communication, comprising:receiving, at a network device and from a terminal device, first information of a prediction result of a radio link failure (RLF) , the prediction result comprising one of the following:a first timer associated with the RLF is to be started at a first time point or window, and the RLF is to happen at a second time point or window, orthe first timer is to be started at a third time point or window, and at least one of the following: no RLF is to happen, or the first timer is to be stopped at a fourth time point or window; andadjusting, based on the first information, at least one of a handover decision or a configuration for the terminal device.
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