Interference alleviation in communication systems
By sending informative messages to inactive UE in hypercell systems, the network apparatus mitigates interference by suppressing configured grant transmissions and reallocating resources, enhancing communication efficiency during high traffic.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-12
AI Technical Summary
In hypercell communication systems, inactive user equipment (UE) continue to transmit using configured grant resources that have been reassigned to active UE, causing interference during high communication traffic.
Network apparatus transmits informative messages to UE, instructing inactive UE to suppress configured grant transmissions and provides parameters for a low-interference zone, allowing UE to switch to random access transmission or specific frequency bands.
Reduces interference by effectively managing configured grant transmissions from inactive UE, optimizing resource allocation during high traffic conditions.
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Figure CN2024117788_12032026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
INTERFERENCE ALLEVIATION IN COMMUNICATION SYSTEMSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates generally to telecommunication systems and specifically to the alleviation of interference from user equipment in an inactive state.BACKGROUND
[0002] User Centric and No Cell (UCNC) is a radio access framework evolved from the classical cell-centric access protocol to a user-centric protocol with hypercell abstraction. UCNC can reduce the over-the-air protocol signaling overhead and access protocol latency, as well as increase the number of air-interface connection links.
[0003] In the hypercell concept, user equipment (UE) is served by a set of transmit-receive points (TRPs) . The TRPs are coordinated so that they appear to the UE as a one cell. Although the set of TRPs has the appearance of one cell, the underlying network is made up of individual TRPs.
[0004] Within a hypercell, there may exist an area, or sub-region, that includes a plurality of TRPs and many active UE that are communicating therewith. For example, a conference hall, a concert venue, a stadium, and arena and the like are all likely to have many active UE concentrated within a sub-region of the hypercell. Accordingly, there will likely be high communication traffic between the TRPs and the active UE within this sub-region.
[0005] To facilitate communication within this subregion, the TRPs may apply beam management techniques and precoding and utilize the available resources. Accordingly, it is important to alleviate interference from inactive UE when the TRPs are experiencing high communication traffic.SUMMARY
[0006] In some situations, the TRPs may reassign configured grant resources, initially assigned for communication with UE in an inactive state, to be used for communication with UE in an active state. However, these TRPs may still receive occasional transmissions from the UE in the inactive state using configured grant transmission. Since the configured grant resources have been reassigned to UE in the active state, these occasional transmissions cause interference at the TRPs. Therefore, it is desirable that the UE in the inactive state are able to suppress their configured grant transmission with the TRPs. This is especially important when the TRPs are experiencing high communication traffic.
[0007] In accordance with an aspect of an embodiment, there is provided a communication method. The communication method may be for a network apparatus operating within a hypercell. The communication method comprises: transmitting an informative message that informs about an instructive message that is associated with user equipment to perform configured grant transmission with a network apparatus; and transmitting the instructive message to the user equipment to instruct the user equipment to prohibit accessing the network apparatus using the configured grant transmission.
[0008] In accordance with another aspect of an embodiment, there is provided a communication method. The communication method may be for a network apparatus operating within a hypercell. The communication method comprises transmitting an informative message to user equipment to inform the user equipment about an instructive message. In response to determining high communication traffic at the network apparatus, the method reassigns configured grant resources previously assigned for use with inactive user equipment of the user equipment to be used with active user equipment of the user equipment; and transmits instructive message to instruct the inactive user equipment to suppress configured grant transmission with the network apparatus.
[0009] In some embodiments, the instructive message may include a suppression signal in a synchronization message communicated between the network apparatus and the user equipment. The suppression signal may be communicated in an unused portion of the synchronization message or appended to the synchronization message. The instructive message may include a suppression signal in a paging signal communicated between the network apparatus and the user equipment. The paging signal may communicate to a specific one of the user equipment or broadcast to multiple ones of the user equipment.
[0010] In some embodiments, the instructive message may include parameters of a low-interference zone. The parameters of the low-interference zone may include a radius and a center for a circle, wherein the center is defined at a distance from a reference point. The reference point may be a position of the user equipment or a predefined reference position. The parameters of the low-interference zone may be communicated to the active user equipment in the informative message. The parameters of the low-interference zone may be communicated to the inactive user equipment in a paging signal.
[0011] In accordance with yet another aspect of an embodiment, there is provided an apparatus operating within a hypercell, the network apparatus comprising one or more processors, and a memory storing instructions. When executed by the one or more processors, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement the method described above.
[0012] In accordance with yet another aspect of an embodiment, there is provided a communication method configured for user equipment in an inactive state, the communication method comprising: receiving an informative message that informs the user equipment about an instructive message that is associated with the user equipment to perform configured grant transmission with the network apparatus; determining that the user equipment is to suppress the configured grant transmission with the network apparatus; and suppressing the configured grant transmission with the network apparatus.
[0013] In some embodiments, the instructive message instructing the user equipment to suppress the configured grant transmission with the network apparatus may be received from network apparatus experiencing a high volume of traffic.
[0014] In some embodiment, determining that the user equipment is to suppress the configured grant transmission with the network apparatus may be in response to receiving a suppression signal in the instructive message. The instructive message may be in a synchronization message communicated between the network apparatus and the user equipment. The instructive message may be in a paging message communicated between the network apparatus and the user equipment.
[0015] In some embodiments, the informative message may include parameters of a low-interference zone and the user equipment may construct the low-interference zone based on the received parameters. The user equipment may determine that it is to suppress the configured grant transmission with the network apparatus in response a position of the user equipment falling within the constructed low-interference zone.
[0016] In some embodiments, the user equipment may suppress the configured grant transmission by communicating with the network apparatus using random access transmission instead of the configured grant transmission.
[0017] In some embodiments, the user equipment may suppress the configured grant transmission by prohibiting the configured grant transmission communication with the network apparatus in one or more prohibited band or sub-band. The user equipment may determine the one or more prohibited band or sub-band based on the band or sub-band on which the instructive message is received. The user equipment may determine the one or more prohibited band or sub-band based on a set of predetermined conditions. The pre-determined conditions may identify the one or prohibited band or sub-band. The pre-determined conditions may identify network conditions; and the user equipment may determine the one or more prohibited band or sub-band based on the pre-determined conditions.
[0018] In some embodiments, the user equipment may be configured to suppress the configured grant transmission communication only with network apparatus within the low-interference zone.
[0019] In some embodiments, the user equipment may suppress the configured grant transmission with the network apparatus by determining a direction from which the user equipment receives the instructive messages from the network apparatus. The instructive messages including a suppression signal may be identified. The suppression signal may instruct the user equipment to suppress the configured grant transmission. The configured grant transmission may be suppressed in the direction that corresponds to the direction of the instructive messages that include the suppression signal instructing the user equipment to suppress the configured grant transmission.
[0020] In some embodiments, the configured grant transmission comprises configured grant small data transmission.
[0021] In accordance with yet another aspect of an embodiment, there is provided communication apparatus configured to perform the method described above.
[0022] In accordance with another aspect of an embodiment, there is provided a non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause an apparatus to implement the methods described above.
[0023] In accordance with yet another aspect of an embodiment, there is provided a computer program that, when executed by an apparatus, causes the apparatus to perform the methods described above.
[0024] In accordance with yet another aspect of an embodiment, there is provided a computer program product comprising instructions to cause a processor to carry out the steps of the methods described above.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] Embodiments will be described by way of example only with reference to the following drawings in which:
[0026] FIG. 1 is an example schematic of a communication system;
[0027] FIG. 2 is another example schematic of a communication system;
[0028] FIG. 3 is another example schematic of an apparatus wirelessly communicating with network apparatus in a communication system;
[0029] FIG. 4 is an example schematic of a hypercell within a communication system;
[0030] FIG. 5 is a flowchart describing signaling between network apparatus and user equipment;
[0031] FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating the structure of a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) ;
[0032] FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a plurality of paging occasions along a timeline;
[0033] FIG. 8 is an example schematic of the hypercell in which paging is used to communicate a suppression signal;
[0034] FIG. 9 is a flowchart describing suppression of CG-SDT from the user equipment; and
[0035] FIG. 10 is a flowchart describing determining a band or sub-band on which to suppress CG-SDT from the user equipment.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0036] For convenience, like numerals in the description refer to like structures in the drawings. Referring to FIG. 1, as an illustrative example, a simplified schematic of a communication system is illustrated generally by numeral 100. The communication system 100 comprises a radio access network (RAN) 120. The RAN 120 may be a next generation (e.g. 6th generation (6G) or later) radio access network, or a legacy (e.g. 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3th generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) ) radio access network. In some embodiments, 6G radio access refers to a next generation air interface of standards which may comprise both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) . One or more communication electronic device (ED) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (generically referred to as user equipment UE 110) may be interconnected to one another or connected to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (generically referred to as TRP 170) in the RAN 120. A core network (CN) 130 may be a part of the communication system and may be dependent or independent of the radio access technology used in the communication system 100. The communication system 100 may also comprise a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the internet 150, and other networks 160.
[0037] In general, the communication system 100 enables communication of multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may provide content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, via broadcast, multicast, groupcast, unicast, etc. The communication system 100 may operate by sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0038] The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) services, massive machine type communication (mMTC) services, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, massive communication, Hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated AI and communication, and other services that can be provided by a future generation communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other services and applications such as earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.
[0039] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of a terrestrial communication system and a non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0040] Referring to FIG. 2 another example of a communication system is illustrated generally by numeral 200. Similar to FIG. 1, the communication system 200 may include UE 110, RAN 120a, 120b, and one or more of a CN 130, a PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. In addition, the communication system 200 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The RANs 120a, 120b may include respective network apparatus 170a, 170b such as base stations 170a, 170b, which may be generically referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a, 170b (generically referred to as TRPs 170) . As referred to herein, the terms “TRP” and “base station” may be used interchangeably unless explicitly noted otherwise in a given example or section. For brevity, this disclosure may primarily refer to base station; however, absent an explicit limitation, references to TRP are merely non-limiting instances of interchangeable use. The TRPs 170 may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 120c includes a RAN node such as base station 172, which may be generically referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0041] In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to the ground, for example, in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include an airborne platform (e.g. a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (e.g. quadcopter) , and other types aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms is yet another example of a non-terrestrial base station, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0042] The TRP 170 may be a network element in radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the user equipment. The TRP 170 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a positioning node, among other possibilities. The TRP 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or the like, or combinations thereof. When a TRP 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, may perform the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the base station.
[0043] The UE 110 and TRPs 170 are examples of communication equipment that can be configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or embodiments described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170 may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or “coverage area” . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cells. A cell may be a Radio network object that can be uniquely identified from a (cell) identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A Cell can be either FDD or TDD mode. A cell may also refer to the carrier frequencies within the DL / UL carrier bandwidth resources of a single standalone carrier or a component carrier in a carrier aggregation mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and the TRP 170 may, for example, employ multiple transceivers to provide service to multiple sectors. In some implementations, there may be established pico or femto cells where the radio access technology supports such. In some implementations, multiple transceivers could be used for each cell, for example using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. The number of RAN 120a-120b shown is exemplary only. Any number of RAN may be contemplated when devising the communication system 100.
[0044] Any base station may be a single element, as shown, or multiple elements, distributed in the corresponding RAN, or otherwise. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinate to assist the UE 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or may be included in a same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may also have different names, but a person skilled in the art may understand meanings thereof. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may also be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may also be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may also be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented by using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0045] Further, communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses in various embodiments of this application may refer to direct communication between different devices / apparatuses (that is, no forwarding is required by another device / apparatuses) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, forwarding is required by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, it may refer to that a functional unit inside the device / apparatus uses another functional unit in the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, “sending (or transmitting) information to... (the UE or the TRP) ” in this application may be understood as that a destination endpoint of the information is the UE or the TRP. It may include sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to the UE or the TRP. Similarly, “receiving information from... (the UE or the TRP) ” may be understood as that a source endpoint of the information is the UE or the TRP, and may include directly or indirectly receiving information from the UE or the TRP. Necessary processing such as format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. Similar descriptions in this application may be understood similarly. Details are not described herein again. In the present disclosure, the terms “send” and “transmit” may be used interchangeably in embodiments of this application.
[0046] The UE 110 is used to connect persons, objects, machines, etc. The UE 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, for example, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.
[0047] Each UE 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to but not limited to) as a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , a MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus in (e.g. module, modem, or chip) or comprising the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation UE 110 may be referred to using other terms. When an UE 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the UE, one or more module (or units) in the UE, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, may perform the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the UE.
[0048] Each UE 110 connected to the TRPs 170 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0049] Any UE 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any TRPs 170, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination of the preceding. In some examples, the UE 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the UE 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, the UE 110d may communicate an UL and / or DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0050] An air interface (e.g., 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as the UE or the TRP. For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (e.g., data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, such as any suitable radio access technology.
[0051] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the UE 110d and one or multiple NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of UE 110 and one or multiple NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0052] The TRPs 170 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (e.g., radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the UE 110 communicate with one or more of the TRPs 170 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
[0053] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the UE 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by CN 130, and may or may not employ the same radio access technology as RAN 120a, RAN 120b or both. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b or UE 110a 110b, and 110c or both, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the UE 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the UE 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate via wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and to the Internet 150. PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) , user datagram protocol (UDP) . UE 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and incorporate multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0054] In addition, the communication system 200 may comprise a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from UE 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that can communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (e.g., any one of TRPs 170) .
[0055] Referring to FIG. 3 an example of an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with network apparatus 320 in a communication system is illustrated generally by numeral 300. The apparatus 310 may be the UE 110. The network apparatus 320 may be the TRP 170. Although there is only one apparatus 310 and one network apparatus 320 shown in the figure, the number of apparatus 310 and / or network apparatus 320 could be one or more. For example, one UE 110 may be served by only one TRP 170 or by multiple TRP 170. Similarly, one TRP 170 may serve one or more UE 110.
[0056] Apparatus 310 includes at least one processor 210. Only one processor 210 is shown for ease of illustration. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. Only one antenna 204 is shown for ease of illustration. One, some, or all, of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated, e.g. as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna 204 or network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver is also configured to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna 204. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or processing signals received wirelessly or by wire. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include at least one memory 208. Only the transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, memory 208, and antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components. In present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0057] The memory 208 stores instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also stores data used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by one or more processor 210.
[0058] The apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces permit interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes any suitable structure for providing information to or receiving information from a user, and / or for network interface communications. Suitable structures include, for example, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, etc.
[0059] The processor 210 may perform (or control the apparatus 310 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 310 to perform receiving transport blocks (TBs) , using a resource for decoding of one of the received TBs, releasing the resource for decoding of another of the received TBs, and / or receiving configuration information configuring a resource. In detail, the operation may include those operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320; those operations related to processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320; and those operations related to processing SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the embodiment, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (e.g. by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, e.g. beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform operations relating to network access (e.g. initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as operations relating to detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, etc. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, e.g. using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0060] Although not illustrated, the processor 210 may form part of the transmitter 201 and / or part of the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, the memory 208 may form part of the processor 210.
[0061] The processor 210, the processing components of the transmitter 201, and the processing components of the receiver 203 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (e.g. in the memory 208) .
[0062] The network apparatus 320 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is shown for ease of illustration) . The network apparatus 320 may further include at least one transmitter 252 and at least one receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only one antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated as a transceiver. The network apparatus 320 may further include at least one memory 258. The network apparatus 320 may further include scheduler 253. Only the transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components. In present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0063] In some implementations, the parts of the network apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the network apparatus 320 may be located remote from the equipment that houses the antennas 256 for the network apparatus 320 (thereby also can be viewed as one of more nodes) , and may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) sometimes known as front haul, such as common public radio interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term network apparatus 320 may also refer to nodes on the network side that perform processing operations, such as determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the network apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other network apparatus 320s. In some implementations, the network apparatus 320 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, e.g. through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or the use of ORAN system as described above in the application.
[0064] The processor 260 performs operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310, processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 310, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another network apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (e.g. multiple input multiple output (MIMO) precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also perform operations relating to network access (e.g. initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, etc. In some implementations, the processor 260 also generates an indication of beam direction, e.g. BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by a scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 276 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (e.g. BAI) received from another network apparatus 320. The processor 260 performs other network side processing operations described herein, such as determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, etc. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling, e.g. to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another network apparatus 320. Any signaling generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the network apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the network apparatus 320 may implement higher layer functions such as functions at the medium access control (MAC) or radio link control (RLC) layer in addition to physical layer processing. The network apparatus 320 may further comprise scheduler 253 coupled to the processor 260 or integrated in the processor 260. The scheduler 253 may be included within or operated separately from the apparatus 320a. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (e.g., “configured grant” ) resources.
[0065] The network apparatus 320 may further includes a memory 258 storing instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 258 may also stores data used, generated, or collected by the network apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by the processor 260.
[0066] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may form part of the transmitter 252 and / or part of the receiver 254. Also, although not illustrated, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253. Although not illustrated, the memory 258 may form part of the processor 260.
[0067] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, e.g. in the memory 258.
[0068] The network apparatus 320 and / or the apparatus 310 may include other components, but these have been omitted for the sake of clarity.
[0069] Multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) technology allows an antenna array of multiple antennas to perform signal transmissions and receptions to meet high transmission rate requirements. The ED 110 and the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP may use MIMO to communicate using wireless resource blocks. MIMO utilizes multiple antennas at the transmitter to transmit wireless resource blocks over parallel wireless signals. It follows that multiple antennas may be utilized at the receiver. MIMO may beamform parallel wireless signals for reliable multipath transmission of a wireless resource block. MIMO may involve parallel wireless signals that transport different data to increase the data rate of the wireless resource block.
[0070] In recent years, possibility of using MIMO (e.g., large-scale MIMO) wireless communication systems with the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP 172 configured with a large number of antennas has gained wide attention from academia and industry. In such a large-scale MIMO system, the T-TRP 170, and / or the NT-TRP 172, is generally configured with more than ten antenna units (see antennas 256 and antennas 204 in FIG. 3) . The T-TRP 170, and / or the NT-TRP 172, is generally operable to serve dozens (which may be, but is not limited to, 40) of EDs 110. A large number of antenna units of the T-TRP 170 and the NT-TRP 172 may greatly increase the degree of spatial freedom of wireless communication, greatly improve the transmission rate, spectral efficiency and power efficiency, and, to a large extent, reduce interference between cells. The increase of the number of antennas allows for each antenna unit to be made in a smaller size with a lower cost. Using the degree of spatial freedom provided by the large-scale antenna units, the T-TRP 170 and the NT-TRP 172 of each cell may communicate with many EDs 110 in the cell on the same time-frequency resource at the same time, thus greatly increasing the spectral efficiency. A large number of antenna units of the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP 172 may also enable each user to have better spatial directivity for uplink and downlink transmission, so that the transmitting power of the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP 172 and an ED 110 may be reduced and the power efficiency is correspondingly increased. When the antenna number of the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP 172 is sufficiently large, random channels between each ED 110 and the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP 172 may approach orthogonality such that interference between cells and users and the effect of noise may be reduced. The plurality of advantages described hereinbefore enable large-scale MIMO to have valuable application prospects.
[0071] A MIMO system may include a receiver connected to a receive (Rx) antenna, a transmitter connected to transmit (Tx) antenna and a signal processor connected to the transmitter and the receiver. Each of the Rx antenna and the Tx antenna may include a plurality of antennas. For instance, the Rx antenna may have a uniform linear array (ULA) antenna, in which the plurality of antennas are arranged in line at even intervals. When a radio frequency (RF) signal is transmitted through the Tx antenna, the Rx antenna may receive a signal reflected and returned from a forward target.
[0072] A non-exhaustive list of possible units, or possible configurable parameters, or in some embodiments of a MIMO system, include a panel and a beam.
[0073] A panel is a unit of an antenna group, or antenna array, or antenna sub-array, which unit may control a Tx beam or a Rx beam independently.
[0074] A beam may be formed by performing amplitude and / or phase weighting on data transmitted or received by at least one antenna port. A beam may be formed by using another method, for example, adjusting a related parameter of an antenna unit. The beam may include a Tx beam and / or a Rx beam. The transmit beam indicates distribution of signal strength formed in different directions in space after a signal is transmitted through an antenna. The receive beam indicates distribution of signal strength that is of a wireless signal received from an antenna and that is in different directions in space. Beam information may include a beam identifier, or an antenna port (s) identifier, or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource identifier, or a SSB resource identifier, or a sounding reference signal (SRS) resource identifier, or other reference signal resource identifier.
[0075] Note that “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be called control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between the TRP 170 and the UE 110 or signaling between different UE may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UE 110 may be known as SL control information (SCI) which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (e.g., higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, e.g. in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. Higher layer signaling may be radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control -control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0076] It should be noted that in present application, “information” , when different from “message” , may be carried in one single message, or be carried in more than one separate message.
[0077] Referring to FIG. 4, a hypercell is illustrated generally by numeral 400. The hypercell 400 comprises a plurality of network apparatus, such as the TRPs 170, and a plurality of UE 110. The hypercell 400 can be part of a RAN based notification area (RNA) . RNA refers to an area that comprises a cell or a group of cells in a wireless communications network (e.g., 5G network, 6G network, next generation network, or the like) . When UE 110 moves within a certain RNA, paging messages may be exchanged to ensure that connectivity of the UE 110 remains uninterrupted. The paging messages may be transmitted to every cell within the defined RNA. However, whenever the UE 110 moves out of the RNA, the UE 110 may need to report its location to a network side device, such as the TRP 170 for example, operating within the RNA.
[0078] In the hypercell 400, a unique TRP identifier (ID) is not configured for each TRP 170. Rather, all TRPs share the same hypercell ID. Accordingly, individual TRPs 170 in the hypercell 400 are transparent to UE 110. That is, the UE 110 in the hypercell 400 are unaware of the identity of individual TRPs 170 as well as the number of TRPs 170 within the hypercell 400.
[0079] Radio Resource Control (RRC) is a protocol used for the control plane between the UE 110 and the TRPs 170. Example features of RRC include connection management, paging, and broadcast system information. Accordingly, RRC is responsible for establishing, maintaining, and releasing RRC connections between the UE 110 and the TRPs 170. This includes transitioning between different RRC states such as an idle state RRC_IDLE, an active state RRC_CONNECTED, and an inactive state RRC_INACTIVE. The different states have different amounts of radio resources associated with them and define the resources that the UE 110 may use in the given state.
[0080] In the idle state RRC_IDLE, the UE 110 is not actively connected to the TRPs 170. However, in the idle state, the UE 110 is still registered with the hypercell 400. The UE 110 monitors a paging channel to receive notifications from the TRPs 170. In the idle state, the UE 110 consumes less power as compared to the active state because it does not need to maintain an active connection. Although no user data transfer happens in the idle state, the UE 110 can initiate a connection request with the TRP 170 to start data transfer. The TRPs 170 allocate and manage radio resources for the UE 110 in the idle state.
[0081] In the active state RRC_CONNECTED, the UE 110 is connected and has an active connection with the TRPs 170. In the active, or connected, state, the UE 110 can send and receive data, including voice, video, and other services.
[0082] The inactive state RRC_INACTIVE provides a middle ground between idle state and the active state. In the inactive state, the UE 110 is inactive and doesn’t completely release an established RRC connection with the TRPs 170. The UE context is maintained at the UE 110 in the inactive state and the last serving TRP 170. That is, the last connected TRP 170 before the UE 110 transitioned from the active state RRC_CONNECTED to the inactive state RRC_INACTIVE. Moreover, the last serving TRP 170 maintains the UE-associated connections with core network functions. For example, next generation (NG) connection with AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function) and UPF (User Plane Function) ) . Thus, whenever needed, the UE 110 in the inactive state can quickly transition to the active state.
[0083] UE 110 in the inactive state can transmit data and / or signal over allowed radio bearers without transitioning to the active state using configured grant or random access based transmission. Configured grant transmission (CG-T) refers to a transmission mechanism in which the network pre-allocates uplink resources to the UE 110 without requiring the UE 110 to explicitly request the resources each time it needs to transmit data. In some embodiments, the UE 110 can use Configured Grant Small Data Transmission (CG-SDT) . CG-SDT is a specialized form of configured grant specifically optimized for the transmission of small data packets. It builds on the concept of CG-T but is tailored to efficiently handle low-volume data transmissions. For both CG-T and CG-SDT, the configured grant resources and scheduling are provided for the UE 110 before the UE 110 transitions from the active state to the inactive state.
[0084] In some embodiments, when there is no traffic, or low data activity (transmission / reception) over a certain duration of time, the UE 110 may transition from the active state RRC_CONNECTED to the inactive state RRC_INACTIVE. For example, the UE 110 may transmit a signal to a network device such as the TRP 170 to inform the network device 170 that the UE 110 prefers to transition to the inactive state and to request configured grant (CG) configurations. In some embodiments, the signal is a UE assistance information RRC message.
[0085] Before transitioning from the active state RRC_CONNECTED to the inactive state RRC_INACTIVE, the UE110 may receive an RRC message from the TRP 170 or other network device. The RRC message may trigger the UE 110 to transition from the active state RRC_CONNECTED to the inactive state RRC_INACTIVE. For example, the RRC message may be an RRC Release message with suspendConfig parameters. The suspendConfig parameters in the RRC Release message may configure operation of the UE 110for the inactive state RRC_INACTIVE. The suspendConfig parameters may include parameters such as an inactive radio network temporary identifier (I-RNTI) , discontinuous reception (DRX) parameters (e.g., DRX cycle, and “on” duration) , radio access network (RAN) based notification area (RNA) , and RNA up-date timer (e.g., t380 timer) . The I-RNTI may be a full and / or a short I-RNTI. In some embodiments, the RRC release message may include the informative message regarding suppression messages (e.g. their design, interpretation and adaptation) for CG-SDT. In some embodiments, the RRC release message can be part of the informative message.
[0086] The inactive state provides benefits to the UE in terms of latency and power efficiency. Similar to the idle state, in the inactive state, the UE 110 monitors the paging channel. However, in the inactive state the UE 110 can resume an active RRC connection more quickly than in the idle state.
[0087] Referring again to FIG. 1, a sub-region 410 of the hypercell 400 includes multiple TRPs 170 and many UE 110. Examples of the sub-region 410 include a conference hall, a concert venue, a stadium, an arena and the like. Although only a few TRPs and UE are illustrated in FIG. 1, each sub-region 410 may include any number of TRPs 170 and UE 110.
[0088] Because of the large number of UE 110 in the sub-region 410, it is desirable to reduce interference at the TRPs 170 in the sub-region 410 so that they can efficiently and effectively service the UE 110 in the active state. For this reason, the sub-region area 410 may also be referred to as the low-interference zone. To facilitate communication in the low-interference zone 410, the TRPs 170 may apply beam management techniques and precoding to facilitate communication 112. Further, the TRPs 170 may utilize other available resources. For example, the TRPs 170 may reassign configured grant resources, initially assigned for communication with the UE 110 in the inactive state, to be used for communication with the UE 110 in the active state. In such circumstances the TRPs 170 may receive occasional transmissions from UE 110 in the inactive state using CG-SDT. Since the configured grant resources have been reassigned to UE in the active state, these occasional transmissions cause interference at the TRPs 104. Therefore, it is desirable that the UE 110 in the inactive state are able to suppress their CG-SDT communication with the TRP 170. This is especially important when the TRPs 104 are experiencing high communication traffic, such as within the low-interference zone 410 for example.
[0089] Accordingly, new signaling for the TRPs 170 is described below. The signaling helps the UE 110 in the inactive state identify when it should suppress its use of CG-SDT communication. Further, the action, or actions, taken by the UE 110 to communicate with the TRPs 170 in view of such limitations is also described.
[0090] Referring to FIG. 5, a flowchart describing the signaling communicated from the TRP 170 to the UE 110 is illustrated generally by numeral 500. At 502, the TRP 170 transmits an informative message to the UE 110. The informative message informs the UE 110 about instructive messages that will be sent to the UE 110 when the UE 110 is in the inactive state. In some embodiments, the informative message is communicated from the TRP 170 to the UE 110 before the UE 110 transitions from the active state RRC_CONNECTED to the inactive state RRC_INACTIVE. In some embodiments, the informative messages are sent to the UE using synchronization messages. In some embodiments, the informative messages are sent to the UE using paging.
[0091] At 504, it is determined that there is high volume of traffic at the TRP 170. In some embodiments, the traffic is a result of a large number UE 110 within the sub-region 410 of the hypercell 400. In some embodiments, the traffic is a result of the large amount of data to be sent in uplink or downlink directions.. As a result, at 506 the TRP 170 reassigns configured grant resources that were previously assigned to UE 110 in the inactive state to be used with UE 110 in the active state to facilitate handling the high volume of traffic. At 508, the TRP 170 transmits the instructive message to the UE 110. The instructive message instructs the UE 110 in the inactive state to suppress CG-SDT with the TRP 170. In some embodiments, the instructive message is sent only to the UE 110 in the sub-region 410 of the hypercell 400.
[0092] In some embodiments, the instructive message comprises a suppression signal in a synchronization message communicated between the TRPs 170 and the UE 110.
[0093] An example of a synchronization message is a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) . The SSB facilitates the initial synchronization, cell identification, and acquisition of system information by the UE 110. It plays a role in enabling efficient and reliable access to the TRP 170, supporting both initial connection establishment and ongoing mobility management. The SSB payload includes spare (or reserve) bits. Referring to FIG. 6, a block diagram of the SSB structure is illustrated generally by numeral 600. The SSB includes a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) 602, a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) 604, and a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) 606. The PBCH contains the Master Information Block (MIB) and timing information for the Frequency Range 1 (FR1) band.
[0094] In the MIB, there is one reserve bit and in the timing for the FR1 band there are two reserve bits. One or more of these bits can be assigned to transport the suppression signal. For example, if one or more of the bits is reset to “0” then the suppression signal instructs the UE 110 in the inactive state to continue using the CG-SDT. If one or and more of the bits are set to “1” then the suppression signal instructs the UE 110 in the inactive state to suppress communication using the CG-SDT. Alternatively, if one or more of the bits is set to “1” then the suppression signal instructs the UE 110 in the inactive state to continue using the CG-SDT. If one or and more of the bits are reset to “0” then the suppression signal instructs the UE 110 in the inactive state to suppress communication using the CG-SDT.
[0095] The identity of the reserve bit or bits used to transmit the suppression signal and instructions for how to interpret the suppression signal can be either standardized or communicated to the UE 110 in the previously transmitted informative message.
[0096] Similarly, the PBCH spans four Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in the time domain. In OFDM symbol 2 there are 17 unused tones. One or more of these unused tones could be assigned to transport the suppression signal.
[0097] The identity of the unused tones used to transmit the suppression signal and instructions for how to interpret the suppression signal can be either standardized or communicated to the UE 110 in the previously transmitted informative message.
[0098] Alternatively, or additionally, a new OFDM symbol could be added to SSB. The identity of the new OFDM symbol used to transmit the suppression signal and instructions for how to interpret the suppression signal can be either standardized or communicated to the UE 110 in the previously transmitted informative message.
[0099] Another example of system information along with a synchronization message is System Information Block 1 (SIB1) . SIB1 is broadcast periodically by the TRP 170 and can be received by all UE 110 within the cell coverage area. Similar to the SSB, the suppression signal can be transmitted in one of the reserved bits of the SIB1 or it can be appended to the SIB1. The identity of the reserve bit or appended bit to the SIB1 used to transmit the suppression signal and instructions for how to interpret the suppression signal can be either standardized or communicated to the UE 110 in the previously transmitted informative message.
[0100] In some embodiments, the instructive message includes the suppression signal in a paging signal communicated between the TRPs 170 and the UE 110.
[0101] Paging is used to notify the UE 110 about incoming calls, messages, or other types of data when the UE 110 is not in the active state. Paging includes a paging message and a paging occasion (PO) . The paging occasion defines specific time intervals when the UE 110 should wake up and listen for the paging messages. The intervals are agreed upon to optimize power consumption and inhibit the UE 110 from missing important notifications.
[0102] Referring to FIG. 7, a plurality of paging occasions are illustrated generally by numeral 700 along a timeline. In the illustrated embodiment, four paging occasions 702a to 402d are shown for ease of illustration. Each paging occasion 402a to 402d may be shared by multiple UE 110. The network may use I-RNTI for paging. Specifically, the paging message may include the I-RNTI and the message data. Accordingly, the message data of the paging message can include the suppression signal. For example, the suppression signal can comprise a bit added the message data. Similar to the example described for the SSB, if one or more of the bits is reset to “0” then the suppression signal instructs the UE in the inactive state to continue using the CG-SDT and if one or and more of the bits are set to “1” then the suppression signal instructs the UE in the inactive state to suppress communication using the CG-SDT, and vice versa. The paging message used to transmit the suppression signal and / or instructions for how to interpret the suppression signal can be either standardized or communicated to the UE 110 in the previously transmitted informative message.
[0103] Further, the informative message also informs the UE 110 whether or not to process the I-RNTI upon receipt of the paging message for the suppression signal. If the informative message informs the UE 110 that the I-RNTI is to be processed for the suppression signal, then when the UE 110 receives the instructive message, only the UE 110 identified by the I-RNTI will implement the suppression signal. This allows the TRPs 170 to message specific UE 110.
[0104] In contrast, if the informative message informs the UE 110 that the I-RNTI is not to be processed for the suppression signal, then when the UE 110 receives the instructive message, it will implement the suppression signal, whether or not it is identified by the I-RNTI. This allows the TRPs 170 to broadcast the suppression signal to any UE 110 within a receiving range. Broadcasting the suppression signal helps reduce paging overhead as there is no need to send multiple paging signals for different UE 110 or different groups of UE 110. Alternatively, common RNTI can be used to page multiple inactive UE 110 and when the I-RNTI is not included in the paging message, the inactive UE 110 may consider such paging as a broadcast suppression signal.
[0105] Referring to FIG. 8, a hypercell using paging to communicate the suppression signal is illustrated generally by numeral 800. In the illustrated embodiment, at least one of the TRPs 170a is outside of the low-interference zone 410 and at least one of the TRPs 170b is inside the low-interference zone 410. The TRP 170a outside of the low-interference zone 410 sends a first paging signal in a first beam 802. Because the TRP 170a is outside of the low-interference zone 410, the suppression signal in the first paging signal is a “0” , indicating to the UE 110 that it can communicate with the TRP using CG-SDT. In contrast, the TRP 170b in the low-interference zone 410 sends a second paging signal in a second beam 804. Because the TRP 170b in the low-interference zone 410, the suppression signal in the second paging signal is a “1” , indicating to the UE 110 that it should suppress communication with the TRP using CG-SDT.
[0106] In some embodiments, the definition of the low-interference 410 zone is known at the TRP 170 when the UE 110 transitions to the inactive state. Accordingly, in such embodiments, the informative message includes a definition of the low-interference zone 410. The low-interference zone 410 can be defined using different parameters. For example, the low-interference zone 410 can be defined as a shape, and the parameters identify predefined dimensions and the origin of the shape. The origin can be defined with respect to one or more reference points or a current position of the UE 110. For example, the low-interference zone 410 can be defined as a circle of radius r have a center at (X, Y) , considering the position of the UE 110 as the origin (0, 0) of the low-interference zone 410. As another example, the low-interference zone 410 can be defined as a circle of radius r have a center at (X, Y) , considering a predefined reference point as the origin (0, 0) of the low-interference zone.
[0107] The instructive message can be used to update the parameters of the low-interference zone 410. For example, the reference point or the dimensions of the shape may change. As another example, the shape used to represent the low-interference zone 410 may also change. That is, a circle may have been used initially to define the low-interference zone 410, but it is later determined that the low-interference zone 410 is better represented by an ellipse.
[0108] The above embodiments description various ways for the TRPs 170 to inform the UE 110 in the inactive state about the restriction of using CG-SDT. The following describes various embodiments implemented by the UE 110 to suppress the CG-SDT.
[0109] Referring to FIG. 9, a flowchart describing the method implemented at the UE 110 to suppress the CG-SDT is illustrated generally by numeral 900. At 902, the UE 110 in the inactive state identifies that it is communicating with one or more TRPs 170 that are experiencing a high volume of traffic. As described above, this can be determined in response to the UE receiving the instructive message from the TRP. For example, the UE 110 can receive an SSB, MIB, or SIB1 message including a bit or tone instructing the UE 110 in the inactive state to suppress using CG-SDT. As another example, the UE 110 can receive paging message including one or more bits instructing the UE 110 in the inactive state to suppress using CG-SDT. As yet another example, the UE 110 itself can use the parameters of the low-interference zone 410 to determine whether or not it is within the borders of the low-interference zone 410.
[0110] At 904, the UE 110 determines that it is in the inactive state. At 906, once the UE 110 determines both that it is in the inactive state and the TRP 170 is experiencing high traffic demand, the UE suppresses configured grant small data transmission (CG-SDT) with the TRP 170.
[0111] In some embodiments, at 906 the UE 110 suppresses CG-SDT by not using CG-SDT at all (e.g. using CG-SDT is prohibited) . Instead, the UE 110 uses random access transmission (RA-T) . RA-T is a transmission mechanism in wireless communication systems that allows the UE 110 to initiate communication with the network. This transmission mechanism can be used for establishing an initial connection, handling handovers, and resynchronizing when needed. In some embodiments random access small data transmission (RA-SDT) may be used. In some embodiments, other transmission protocols may also be used if available.
[0112] In some embodiments, at 906 the UE 110 suppresses the CG-SDT by restricting the band, or sub-band, on which it uses CG-SDT (e.g. using CG-SDT is prohibited in some bands or sub-bands and allowed in some other bands or sub-bands) . For example, referring to FIG. 10, a flowchart describing the method implemented at the UE 110 to determine on which band to suppress the CG-SDT is illustrated generally by numeral 1000. At 1002, the UE 110 determines the band on which the instructive message was received from the TRP 170. For example, the UE 110 may determine that it received the instructive message in the Frequency Range 1 (FR1) band. The FR1 band is a sub-6GHz band that typically covers frequencies from 450 MHz to 6 GHz. This range includes many of the existing LTE frequency bands and new spectrum specifically allocated for 5G.
[0113] At 1004, the UE 110 identifies alternative bands or sub-bands on which it can continue to communicate use CG-SDT. Continuing the example above, the UE 110 identifies one, or both, of FR2 and FR3 over which to communicate with the TRP 170 using CG-SDT. FR2 includes operational frequencies that have been allocated to 5G in the mmWave region (above 24 GHz) . These bands aim to provide high performance 5G as large amounts of bandwidths are available for use. Networks operating on FR2 bands can achieve gigabit data rates or even higher with extremely low latency. FR3 includes the frequency range from 7.125 GHz to 24.25 GHz.
[0114] Alternatively, the UE 110 may use the same band, but a different sub-band. Considering the same example, rather than selecting one, or both, of FR2 and FR3 for communicating with the TRP 170 using CG-SDT, the UE 110 may use a sub-band of the FR1 band. The FR1 band includes a plurality of sub-bands that are dedicated to supplementary uplink (SUL) . In some embodiments, these sub-bands are below 2Ghz.
[0115] Which of the bands or sub-bands to use can be standardized. Alternatively, which of the band or sub-bands to use can be communicated from the TRP 170 to the UE 110. For example, a set of pre-determined conditions can be communicated to the UE 110 the informative message. As another example, the set of pre-determined conditions can be communicated to the UE 110 in the instructive message. The UE 110 analyses the set of pre-determined conditions, including the band on which it received the instructive message, to determine which of the other bands or sub-bands to select for subsequent CG-SDT. The pre-determined conditions can be as simple as instructing the UE 110 to avoid a particular band or sub-band based solely on the band or sub-band on which the instructive message was received. Alternatively, the pre-determined conditions may also require that the UE 110 consider network conditions to determine which band or sub-band to avoid (or select) for subsequent CG-SDT.
[0116] The set of pre-determined conditions can be communicated to the UE 110 in the informative message. For example, the set of pre-determined conditions can be communicated to the UE 110 in an RRC_Release message when the UE 110 transitions from the active state to the inactive state. When the UE 110 identifies alternative bands or sub-bands at 704 it analyses the set of pre-determined conditions, including the band on which it received the instructive message, to determine which of the other bands or sub-bands to select for subsequent CG-SDT. Alternatively, the set of pre-determined conditions can be communicated to the UE 110 in a paging message.
[0117] Once the alternative bands or sub-bands have been identified, then at 1006 the UE 110 communicates with the TRP 170 using CG-SDT over the identified band or sub-band. The UE 110 may still communicate with the TRP 170 over the band on which the suppression signal was received. However, such communication will be limited to RA-SDT or other communication protocol other than CG-SDT.
[0118] Returning to FIG. 9, in some embodiments, at 906 the UE 110 suppresses the CG-SDT by restricting the direction in which it uses CG-SDT. In the restricted direction, the UE 110 may not use CG-SDT at all or it may restrict CG-SDT only in a band, or sub-band, as described above. For example, referring again to FIG. 8, the suppression signal that the UE 110 receives from the TRP 170a outside of the low-interference zone 410 indicates that the UE can communicate using CG-SDT. The suppression signal that the UE 110 receives from the TRP 170b inside the low-interference zone 410 indicates that the UE should suppress using CG-SDT.
[0119] Beam sweeping can be implemented at the UE 110 to sequentially scan signals from different beam directions transmitted by the TRPs 170. In the example illustrated, the beam sweeping at the UE 110 identifies the first beam 802, the second beam 804, and their respective directions. In the illustrated example, the first beam 802 is from the TRP 170a, which is outside of the low-interference zone 410. The second beam 804 is from the TRP 170b, which inside the low-interference zone 410. Once the directions of first beam 802 and the second beam 804 have been identified, the UE 110 can use the directional information during beamforming. For example, when beamforming to communicate with the TRP 170a, which is outside of the low-interference zone 410, the UE 110 can use CG-SDT. That is, the UE signal for the CG-SDT has a Quasi-co-location-Type-D (QCL-D) relation with the signal from the TRP 170a on beam 802. In contrast, when beamforming to communicate with the TRP 170b, which is inside the low-interference zone 410, the UE 110 suppresses CG-SDT. That is, the UE signal for RA-SDT, for example, has a QCL-D relation with the signal from the TRP 170b on beam 804. The UE 110 can suppress CG-SDT using one or more of the methods described above.
[0120] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” , “an” and “one” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0121] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an exemplary embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of this exemplary embodiment for its intended application.
[0122] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0123] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of” , “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0124] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in embodiments of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " usually indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in embodiments of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0125] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an appartus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer- usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0126] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the computer or the processor of the another programmable data processing device generate an apparatus for implementing a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0127] The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0128] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or the another programmable device provide steps for implementing a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0129] It is clearly that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this application. This application is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
Claims
1.A communication method comprising:transmitting an informative message that informs about an instructive message that is associated with user equipment to perform configured grant transmission with a network apparatus; andtransmitting the instructive message to the user equipment to instruct the user equipment to prohibit accessing the network apparatus using the configured grant transmission.2.A communication method the communication method comprising:transmitting an informative message to user equipment to inform the user equipment about an instructive message;in response to determining high communication traffic:reassigning configured grant resources previously assigned for use with inactive user equipment of the user equipment to be used with active user equipment of the user equipment; andtransmitting the instructive message to instruct the inactive user equipment to suppress configured grant transmission with the network apparatus.3.The communication method of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the instructive message comprises a suppression signal in a synchronization message communicated between the network apparatus and the user equipment.4.The communication method of claim 3, wherein the suppression signal is communicated in an unused portion of the synchronization message or appended to the synchronization message.5.The communication method of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the instructive message comprises a suppression signal in a paging signal communicated between the network apparatus and the user equipment.6.The communication method of claim 5, wherein the paging signal is communicated to a specific one of the user equipment or broadcast to multiple ones of the user equipment.7.The communication method of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the instructive message comprises parameters of a low-interference zone.8.The communication method of claim 7, wherein the parameters of the low-interference zone comprise a radius and a center for a circle, wherein the center is defined at a distance from a reference point.9.The communication method of claim 8, wherein the reference point is a position of the user equipment or a predefined reference position.10.The communication method of claim 7, wherein the parameters of the low-interference zone are communicated to the active user equipment in the informative message or to the inactive user equipment in a paging signal.11.The communication method of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the configured grant transmission comprises configured grant small data transmission.12.An apparatus operating within a hypercell, the network apparatus comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 11.13.A communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 11.14.A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause an apparatus to implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 11.15.A communication method configured for user equipment in an inactive state, the communication method comprising:receiving an informative message that informs about an instructive message that is associated with the user equipment to perform configured grant transmission with a network apparatus;determining that the user equipment is to suppress the configured grant transmission with the network apparatus; andsuppressing the configured grant transmission with the network apparatus.16.The communication method of claim 15, wherein the instructive message instructing the user equipment to suppress the configured grant transmission with the network apparatus is received from network apparatus experiencing a high volume of traffic.17.The communication method of claim 15 or claim 16 wherein determining that the user equipment is to suppress the configured grant transmission with the network apparatus is in response to receiving a suppression signal in the instructive message.18.The communication method of claim 17, wherein the instructive message is in a synchronization message received at the user equipment.19.The communication method of claim 17, wherein the instructive message is in a paging message received at the user equipment.20.The communication method of claim 15 or claim 16, wherein:the informative message includes parameters of a low-interference zone and the user equipment constructs the low-interference zone based on the received parameters; anddetermining that the user equipment is to suppress the configured grant transmission with the network apparatus in response a position of the user equipment falling within the constructed low-interference zone.21.The communication method of any one of claims 15 to 20, wherein the user equipment suppresses the configured grant transmission by communicating with the network apparatus using random access transmission instead of the configured grant transmission.22.The communication method of any one of claims 15 to 20, wherein the user equipment suppresses the configured grant transmission by prohibiting the configured grant transmission communication with the network apparatus in one or more prohibited band or sub-band.23.The communication method of claim 22, wherein the one or more prohibited band or sub-band is determined based on the band or sub-band on which the instructive message is received.24.The communication method of claim 22, wherein the one or more prohibited band or sub-band is determined based on a set of predetermined conditions.25.The communication method of claim 24, wherein the set of predetermined conditions identify the one or prohibited band or sub-band.26.The communication method of claim 25, wherein the set of predetermined conditions identify network conditions; and the one or more prohibited band or sub-band is determined based on the predetermined conditions.27.The communication method of any one of claims 15 to 26, wherein the configured grant transmission is only suppressed with network apparatus within a low-interference zone.28.The communication method of claim 15, wherein suppressing the configured grant transmission comprises:determining a direction from which the user equipment receives the instructive messages from the network apparatus;identifying which of the instructive messages includes a suppression signal instructing the user equipment to suppress configured grant transmission; andsuppressing configured grant transmission in the direction that corresponds to the direction of the instructive messages that include the suppression signal instructing the user equipment to suppress CG-T.29.The communication method of any one of claims 15 to 28, wherein the configured grant transmission comprises configured grant small data transmission.30.A communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 13 to 27.31.A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause an apparatus to implement the method of any one of claims 13 to 27.
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