Communication method and communication device

Abstract

Provided are a communication method and a communication device. The method comprises: a first device sends a first PPDU, wherein the first PPDU comprises a wideband portion and a narrowband portion, the narrowband portion comprises a first signal, and the first signal is generated on the basis of a first spread spectrum sequence in a spread spectrum sequence set.

Description

Communication method and communication device TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of communication, and more particularly, to a communication method and a communication device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Wireless fidelity (WiFi) performs data transmission based on a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU). The PPDU in some protocol versions has a wideband part and a narrowband part. How to design the signal (such as the waveform of the signal) of the narrowband part is a problem to be solved.

[0003] SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a communication method and a communication device. Each aspect involved in the present application is introduced as follows.

[0005] In a first aspect, a communication method is provided, comprising: a first device sending a first PPDU; wherein the first PPDU comprises a wideband part and a narrowband part, the narrowband part comprises a first signal, and the first signal is generated based on a first spreading sequence in a set of spreading sequences.

[0006] In a second aspect, a communication method is provided, comprising: a second device receiving a first PPDU; wherein the first PPDU comprises a wideband part and a narrowband part, the narrowband part comprises a first signal, and the first signal is generated based on a first spreading sequence in a set of spreading sequences.

[0007] In a third aspect, a communication device is provided, comprising: a communication module configured to send a first PPDU; wherein the first PPDU comprises a wideband part and a narrowband part, the narrowband part comprises a first signal, and the first signal is generated based on a first spreading sequence in a set of spreading sequences.

[0008] In a fourth aspect, a communication device is provided, comprising: a communication module configured to receive a first PPDU; wherein the first PPDU comprises a wideband part and a narrowband part, the narrowband part comprises a first signal, and the first signal is generated based on a first spreading sequence in a set of spreading sequences.

[0009] In a fifth aspect, a communication device is provided, comprising a transceiver, a memory and a processor, the memory is configured to store a program, the processor is configured to invoke the program in the memory and control the transceiver to receive or send a signal, so that the communication device performs the method according to the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0010] In a sixth aspect, an apparatus is provided, comprising a processor configured to invoke a program from a memory to cause the apparatus to perform the method of the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0011] In a seventh aspect, a chip is provided, comprising a processor configured to invoke a program from a memory to cause a device in which the chip is installed to perform the method of the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0012] In an eighth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, having a program stored thereon, the program causing a computer to perform the method of the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0013] In a ninth aspect, a computer program product is provided, comprising a program, the program causing a computer to perform the method of the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0014] In a tenth aspect, a computer program is provided, the computer program causing a computer to perform the method of the first aspect or the second aspect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] FIG. 1 is an example diagram of a system architecture of a wireless communication system to which embodiments of the present application can be applied.

[0016] FIG. 2 is an example diagram of a zero-power network.

[0017] FIG. 3 is an example diagram of an energy harvesting mode of a zero-power device.

[0018] FIG. 4 is an example diagram of a backscatter communication mode of a zero-power device.

[0019] FIG. 5 is an example diagram of a load modulation mode of a zero-power device.

[0020] FIG. 6 is an example diagram of an encoding mode of a zero-power device.

[0021] FIG. 7 is an example diagram of a PPDU structure provided by the related art.

[0022] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a transmission process based on a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) technology.

[0023] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a correlation operation in the DSSS technology.

[0024] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a spreading process.

[0025] FIG. 11 is another schematic diagram of a spreading process.

[0026] FIG. 12 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method provided by embodiments of the present application.

[0027] FIG. 13 is a spectrum diagram of a spread spectrum sequence according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0028] FIG. 14 is a spectrum diagram of a narrowband signal according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0029] FIG. 15 is a spectrum diagram of a spread spectrum signal according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] FIG. 16 is a power spectrum density diagram of a spread spectrum signal according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0031] FIG. 17 is a spectrum diagram of a spread spectrum sequence according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] FIG. 18 is a spectrum diagram of a narrowband signal according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0033] FIG. 19 is a spectrum diagram of a spread spectrum signal according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0034] FIG. 20 is a power spectrum density diagram of a spread spectrum signal according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0035] FIG. 21 is a power spectrum density diagram of an optimized spread spectrum signal according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0036] FIG. 22 is a power spectrum density diagram of an optimized spread spectrum signal according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0037] FIG. 23 is a diagram of a signal coding and spreading method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0038] FIG. 24 is a diagram of a signal coding and spreading method according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0039] FIG. 25 is a diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0040] FIG. 26 is a diagram of a communication device according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0041] FIG. 27 is a diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The technical solutions in the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In order to facilitate understanding, first, the communication terms and communication processes that can be involved in the embodiments of the present application will be introduced with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6.

[0043] Communication system

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, for example, a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless fidelity (WiFi), a high performance radio local area network (HIPELAN), a wide area network (WAN), a cellular network or other communication systems, and the like. For example, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application can be applied to a communication system using an 802.11 standard. Exemplarily, the 802.11 standard includes but is not limited to an 802.11a standard, an 802.11g standard, an 802.11ba standard, an 802.11bp standard, and a next-generation 802.11 standard, and the like.

[0045] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a communication system to which the embodiments of the present application are applicable. As shown in FIG. 1, the communication devices in the communication system 100 can include a first device 110 and a second device 120.

[0046] In some scenarios, for example, in a WiFi system, the first device 110 can be a station (STA), and the second device 120 can be an access point (AP). The AP is used to create a wireless network and provide wireless network services for the STA. The STA can access the network through the AP.

[0047] The AP can be a device in a wireless network. The AP can be a communication server, a router, a switch, a bridge, or the like, or the AP can include various forms of macro base stations, micro base stations, relay stations, and the like. Of course, the AP can also be a chip, a circuit or a processing system in these various forms of devices, so as to implement the methods and functions of the embodiments of the present application. The AP can be applied to various scenarios, for example, a sensor node in a smart city, such as a smart water meter, a smart electricity meter, a smart air detection node; a smart device in a smart home, such as a smart camera, a projector, a display screen, a television, a sound box, a refrigerator, a washing machine, and the like; a node in the Internet of Things; an entertainment terminal, such as an AR, a VR, and the like wearable device; a smart device in a smart office, such as a printer, a projector, and the like; a vehicle networking device in vehicle networking; and some infrastructure in daily life, such as a vending machine, a self-service navigation station in a supermarket, a self-service checkout device, a self-service ordering machine, and the like.

[0048] A STA can be a device that has a wireless transceiver function, such as supporting the 802.11 series of protocols, and communicates with an AP or other STAs. For example, a STA is any user communication device that allows a user to communicate with an AP and thus a WLAN network. For example, a STA includes a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a mobile terminal (MT), an access terminal, a subscriber unit, a subscriber station, a mobile station, a mobile terminal, a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a user terminal, a terminal, a wireless communication device, a user agent, or a user device, etc.

[0049] A STA can also be a device that provides voice and / or data connectivity to a user, such as a handheld device with a wireless connection function, a car device, etc. For example, a STA includes a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a palm computer, a mobile internet device (MID), a wearable device, a virtual reality (VR) device, an augmented reality (AR) device, a wireless terminal in industrial control, a wireless terminal in self driving, a wireless terminal in remote medical surgery, a wireless terminal in smart grid, a wireless terminal in transportation safety, a wireless terminal in smart city, a wireless terminal in smart home, a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld device with a wireless communication function, a computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, a car device, a wearable device, a terminal device in a 5G network, or a terminal device in a future evolved public land mobile network (PLMN), etc. Embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0050] The STA can also be a wearable device. The wearable device can also be referred to as a smart wearable device, which is a general term for devices that are designed and developed by applying wearable technology to daily wear, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing, and shoes. For example, the wearable device includes a smart watch or smart glasses, and focuses on a certain application function, such as a smart bracelet or smart jewelry that needs to be used in cooperation with other devices, such as a smart phone.

[0051] The STA can also be a terminal device in an Internet of Things (IoT) system. The IoT is an important part of future information technology development, and its main technical feature is to connect objects through communication technology and network, so as to realize the intelligent network of human-machine interconnection and object-object interconnection.

[0052] The STA can also be a device in a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) system. The communication mode in the V2X system is collectively referred to as V2X, where X can represent any object. For example, the V2X communication includes vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication, vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) communication, vehicle-to-network (V2N) communication, and the like.

[0053] In addition, the STA can also include a smart printer, a train detector, a gas station sensor, and the like, and the main functions thereof include collecting data, receiving control information and downlink data of the AP, and transmitting electromagnetic waves to transmit data to the AP.

[0054] The AP in the embodiments of the present application can be a device for communicating with the STA. The AP can be a network device or a terminal device in a wireless local area network, and the AP can be used for communicating with the STA through the wireless local area network.

[0055] From the perspective of the communication mode supported by the AP, in some implementation manners, the AP can be a device that supports the 802.11 mode. Further, the AP can also be a device that supports multiple current and future WLAN modes of the 802.11 family, such as 802.11ax, 802.11ac, 802.11n, 802.11g, 802.11b, 802.11ba, and 802.11a.

[0056] From the perspective of the communication standards supported by the STA, in some implementations, the STA is a device that can support the 802.11 standard. The STA can also support multiple current and future WLAN standards of the 802.11 family, such as 802.11ax, 802.11ac, 802.11n, 802.11g, 802.11b, 802.11ba, and 802.11a.

[0057] It should be understood that the specific forms of the STA and the AP in the embodiments of the present application are not specially limited, and are only illustratively described herein.

[0058] In addition, the technical solutions implemented by the present application can also be used in other scenarios outside the wifi system. For example, in some other scenarios, the first device 110 can be a terminal device, and the second device 120 can be a network device. The network device can be a device that communicates with the terminal device. The network device can provide communication coverage for a specific geographic area and can communicate with terminal devices located within the coverage area.

[0059] The terminal device can also be referred to as a user equipment (UE), an access terminal, a subscriber unit, a subscriber station, a mobile station, a mobile station (MS), a mobile terminal (MT), a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a user terminal, a terminal device, a wireless communication device, a user agent, or a user apparatus. The terminal device, for example, can be a device that provides voice and / or data connectivity to a user, and can be used to connect people, things, and machines, such as household appliances, sensors, electronic tags, etc. with wireless connectivity. The terminal device can also be a wireless terminal in a smart home, a wireless terminal in an IWSN, a wireless terminal in smart logistics and smart warehousing, a wireless terminal in self driving, a wireless terminal in remote medical surgery, a wireless terminal in smart grid, a wireless terminal in transportation safety, a wireless terminal in smart city, etc.

[0060] The network device can be a device for communicating with the terminal device. The network device can also be an access network device or a radio access network device, for example, the network device can be a base station. The network device in the embodiments of the present application can refer to a radio access network (RAN) node or device that accesses the terminal device to the wireless network. The base station can broadly cover various names in the following or can be replaced by the following names, for example: node B (NodeB), evolved node B (eNB), next generation node B (gNB), relay station, access point, transmitting and receiving point (TRP), transmitting point (TP), master station (MeNB), auxiliary station (SeNB), multi-standard radio (MSR) node, home base station, network controller, access node, wireless node, access point (AP), transmission node, transceiver node, baseband unit (BBU), remote radio unit (RRU), active antenna unit (AAU), remote radio head (RRH), central unit (CU), distributed unit (DU), positioning node, etc. The base station can be a macro base station, a micro base station, a relay node, a donor node or the like, or a combination thereof. The base station can also refer to a communication module, modem or chip for being disposed in the foregoing device or apparatus. The base station can also be a mobile switching center and a device that undertakes the function of a base station in device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, network side device in 6G network, device that undertakes the function of a base station in future communication system, etc. The base station can support the network of the same or different access technology. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific technology and specific device form adopted by the network device.

[0061] The base station can be fixed or mobile. For example, a helicopter or a drone can be configured to act as a mobile base station, and one or more cells can move according to the location of the mobile base station. In other examples, the helicopter or the drone can be configured to act as a device that communicates with another base station.

[0062] In some deployments, the network device in the embodiments of the present application can refer to a CU or a DU; or the network device includes a CU and a DU. The gNB can also include an AAU.

[0063] The network device and the terminal device can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; can also be deployed on water surface; and can also be deployed on airplanes, balloons and satellites in the air. The scenarios where the network device and the terminal device are located are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0064] It should be understood that all or part of the functions of the communication device in the present application can also be implemented by software functions running on hardware, or by virtualized functions instantiated on a platform such as a cloud platform.

[0065] FIG. 1 exemplarily shows two first devices 110 and one second device 120. Optionally, the communication system 100 can include multiple second devices 120, and the communication system 100 can also include other numbers of first devices 110.

[0066] Hereinafter, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application are described by taking a WIFI system as an example. It can be understood that the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can also be extended to other systems.

[0067] Zero-power communication technology

[0068] The zero-power communication network can use energy harvesting and back scattering communication technology for communication, or can use active transmission for communication. The zero-power communication network is composed of a network device 110 and a zero-power device 120, as shown in FIG. 2. The network device 110 is used to send a wireless power supply signal, a downlink communication signal to the zero-power device 120, and receive a back scattering signal of the zero-power device. A basic zero-power device 120 can include an energy harvesting module, a back scattering communication module and a low-power computing module. In addition, the zero-power device 120 can also have a memory or a sensor for storing some basic information (such as article identification, etc.) or obtaining environmental temperature, environmental humidity and other sensing data. The energy harvesting technology and the back scattering communication technology in the zero-power communication are introduced as follows.

[0069] As shown in FIG. 3, the energy harvesting module realizes the collection of space electromagnetic wave energy based on the electromagnetic induction principle, and then obtains the energy required for driving the zero-power device to work. For example, the energy harvesting module can be used to drive the low-power demodulation and modulation module, the sensor and the memory and other modules in the zero-power device to work. Therefore, the zero-power device does not need a traditional battery.

[0070] As shown in FIG. 4, the zero-power device 120 receives the wireless signal transmitted by the network device 110. After receiving the wireless signal, the zero-power device 120 modulates the wireless signal to load the information to be transmitted. Then, the zero-power device 120 radiates the modulated signal from the antenna. The above information transmission process is called backscatter communication. Backscattering and load modulation are inseparable. Load modulation adjusts and controls the circuit parameters of the oscillation loop of the zero-power device according to the beat of the data stream, so that the size of the impedance and other parameters change accordingly, thereby completing the modulation. Load modulation technology mainly includes resistance load modulation and capacitance load modulation. In resistance load modulation, a resistance is connected in parallel with the load, and the resistance is turned on or off based on the control of the binary data stream, as shown in FIG. 5. The on-off of the resistance will cause the change of the circuit voltage, thereby realizing amplitude shift keying (ASK), that is, the modulation and transmission of the signal by adjusting the amplitude of the backscattering signal of the zero-power device. Similarly, in capacitance load modulation, the on-off of the capacitance can realize the change of the circuit resonance frequency, realize frequency shift keying (FSK), that is, the modulation and transmission of the signal by adjusting the working frequency of the backscattering signal of the zero-power device.

[0071] As can be seen, the zero-power device modulates the incoming signal by means of load modulation to realize backscatter communication. Therefore, the zero-power device has the following obvious advantages:

[0072] First, the zero-power device does not actively transmit signals, so it does not need complex radio frequency links such as power amplifiers (PAs), radio frequency filters, etc.

[0073] Second, the zero-power device does not need to actively generate high-frequency signals, so it does not need a high-frequency crystal oscillator.

[0074] Third, by means of backscatter communication, the signal transmission of the zero-power device does not consume the energy of the zero-power device itself.

[0075] Due to the obvious advantages of low cost, zero power, small size, etc., the zero-power device can be widely used in various industries. For example, the zero-power device can be applied to logistics, intelligent warehousing, smart agriculture, energy and power, industrial internet, etc. Or, the zero-power device can also be applied to smart wearable, smart home, etc.

[0076] The following illustrates the encoding method that can be used in the zero-power communication process.

[0077] The zero-power communication system can encode a signal using one of the following encoding methods: non-return zero (NRZ) encoding, Manchester encoding, unipolar RZ encoding, differential binary phase (DBP) encoding, Miller encoding, and differential encoding.

[0078] (1) Non-Return Zero (NRZ) Encoding

[0079] NRZ encoding represents binary "1" with a high level and binary "0" with a low level, as shown in (a) of FIG. 6.

[0080] (2) Manchester Encoding

[0081] Manchester encoding is also called split phase coding. In Manchester encoding, the value of a bit is represented by a change (rise / fall) in level at the middle of the bit length, with a negative transition at the middle of the bit period representing binary "1" and a positive transition at the middle of the bit period representing binary "0", as shown in (b) of FIG. 6.

[0082] (3) Unipolar RZ Encoding

[0083] Unipolar RZ encoding represents binary "1" with a high level in the first half of the bit period and binary "0" with a low level signal that continues throughout the bit period, as shown in (c) of FIG. 6. Unipolar RZ encoding can be used to extract a bit synchronization signal.

[0084] (4) Differential Binary Phase (DBP) Encoding

[0085] DBP encoding represents binary "0" with any edge in the middle of the bit period and binary "1" if there is no edge, as shown in (d) of FIG. 6. In addition, the level is inverted at the beginning of each bit period. Thus, it is easier for a receiver to reconstruct the bit clock.

[0086] (5) Miller Encoding

[0087] Miller encoding represents binary "1" with any edge in the middle of the bit period and binary "0" with a constant level in the next bit period. The level is toggled at the beginning of the bit period, as shown in (e) of FIG. 6. Thus, it is easier for a receiver to reconstruct the bit clock.

[0088] (6) Differential Encoding

[0089] In differential encoding, each binary "1" to be transmitted causes a change in signal level, while for binary "0" the signal level remains unchanged.

[0090] The following introduces the classification of zero-power devices.

[0091] In the zero-power communication technology, based on the energy source of the zero-power device and the way of energy use, the zero-power device can be divided into three categories: passive zero-power device, semi-passive zero-power device, and active zero-power device.

[0092] The passive zero-power device usually does not need to be equipped with a battery. When the passive zero-power device is close to the network device, the passive zero-power device is in the near-field range formed by the antenna radiation of the network device. At this time, the antenna of the passive zero-power device can generate induced current through electromagnetic induction, and the induced current can power the passive zero-power device to drive the low-power chip circuit of the passive zero-power device, realize the demodulation of the forward link signal, and the signal modulation of the backward link, etc. For the backscatter link, the passive zero-power device can use the backscatter implementation to transmit signals.

[0093] Based on the above introduction, it can be seen that the passive zero-power device does not need to be equipped with a built-in battery to drive, whether it is based on the transmission process of the forward link or the transmission process of the backward link, it is a truly zero-power device.

[0094] In some implementations, the above passive zero-power device can be an electronic tag, and correspondingly, the network device can be a reader / writer of a radio frequency identification (RFID) system, for reading the content in the electronic tag and / or for changing the content in the electronic tag.

[0095] The semi-passive zero-power device itself does not install a conventional battery, but can use an energy harvesting module, such as an RF energy harvesting module to harvest radio wave energy, and at the same time store the harvested energy in an energy storage unit such as a capacitor. After the energy storage unit obtains energy, it can power the zero-power device to drive the low-power chip circuit. Realize the demodulation of the forward link signal, and the signal modulation of the backward link, etc. For the backscatter link, the zero-power device uses the backscatter implementation to transmit signals.

[0096] Based on the above introduction, it can be seen that the semi-passive zero-power device does not need to be equipped with a built-in battery to drive, whether it is based on the transmission process of the forward link or the transmission process of the backward link, although it uses the energy stored in the capacitor in the work, but the energy comes from the radio energy harvested by the energy harvesting module, so it is also a truly zero-power device.

[0097] The active zero-power device can be built-in with a battery. The battery can power the active zero-power device to drive the low-power chip circuit of the active zero-power device to implement demodulation of a forward link signal and modulation of a backward link signal. For a backscatter link, the active zero-power device uses a backscatter implementation to transmit a signal. Therefore, the zero-power of the terminal mainly reflects that the signal transmission of the backward link does not need to consume the power of the terminal itself, but uses the backscatter mode.

[0098] For the active zero-power device, the built-in battery can be used for power supply, so that the communication distance of the active zero-power device can be increased and the communication reliability can be improved. Therefore, the active zero-power device can be applied in some scenarios with relatively high requirements on communication distance, reading delay and the like.

[0099] In some implementations, the active zero-power device described above can be an electronic tag, and the network device can be a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader. At this time, the built-in battery can power the RFID chip in the electronic tag to increase the reading and writing distance between the RFID reader and the electronic tag. On the other hand, the built-in battery can power the RFID chip in the electronic tag to shorten the reading and writing delay of the electronic tag by the RFID reader, which is beneficial to improve the communication reliability.

[0100] In addition to classifying zero-power devices based on energy sources and energy usage modes, zero-power devices can also be classified based on transmitter types.

[0101] First, zero-power devices based on backscatter

[0102] Such zero-power devices use the backscatter mode described above to transmit uplink data. Such devices do not have an active transmitter for active transmission, but only have a backscatter transmitter. Therefore, when the terminal transmits data, the network device needs to provide a carrier, and the terminal device performs backscatter based on the carrier to realize data transmission.

[0103] Second, zero-power devices based on active transmitters

[0104] Such zero-power devices use an active transmitter with active transmission capability to transmit uplink data, so that the zero-power device can transmit data using its own active transmitter when transmitting data, without the need for the network device to provide a carrier. The active transmitter suitable for the zero-power device can be, for example, an ultra-low-power ASK transmitter, an ultra-low-power FSK transmitter, and the like. Based on the current implementation, the overall power consumption of such a transmitter can be reduced to 400-600 uw when transmitting a 100 uw signal.

[0105] Third, zero-power devices with both backscatter and active transmitters

[0106] Such zero-power devices can support both backscattering and active transmitters. The zero-power devices can determine which type of uplink signal transmission to use, i.e., backscattering or active transmitter, based on different situations (e.g., power situation, available ambient energy) or based on the scheduling of the network devices.

[0107] Cellular passive IoT

[0108] Cellular IoT technologies are booming, such as the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) has standardized narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT), machine type communication (MTC), reduced capability (RedCap), and other IoT technologies. However, there are still many scenarios of IoT communication needs that cannot be met, for example:

[0109] First, harsh communication environment

[0110] Some IoT scenarios may face extreme environments such as high temperature, extremely low temperature, high humidity, high pressure, high radiation, or high-speed motion. For example, ultra-high voltage substations, high-speed train track monitoring, high-cold environment monitoring, industrial production lines, etc. In these scenarios, due to the working environment limitations of conventional power supplies, existing IoT terminals will not work. In addition, extreme working environments are also not conducive to the maintenance of IoT, such as replacing batteries.

[0111] Second, extremely small terminal form factor requirements

[0112] Some IoT communication scenarios, such as food traceability, commodity circulation, and smart wearables, require terminals to have extremely small sizes to facilitate their use in these scenarios. For example, IoT terminals for commodity management in the circulation link are usually in the form of electronic tags, which are embedded in commodity packaging in a very small form. For another example, lightweight wearable devices can meet user needs while improving user experience.

[0113] Third, extremely low-cost IoT communication requirements

[0114] Many IoT communication scenarios require the cost of IoT terminals to be low enough to enhance the competitiveness relative to other alternative technologies. For example, in a logistics or warehouse scenario, in order to facilitate the management of a large number of circulating goods, an IoT terminal can be attached to each good, so that the entire process and cycle of logistics can be accurately managed through communication between the terminal and the logistics network. These scenarios require the price of the IoT terminal to be competitive enough.

[0115] Therefore, in order to cover these unmet IoT communication needs, ultra-low-cost, extremely small-size, battery-free / maintenance-free IoT terminals are needed in cellular networks, and zero-power IoT terminals can meet this demand.

[0116] In the process of standardization discussion, the zero-power IoT can also be called ambient power enabled IoT (A-IoT), and some technical literature refers to the zero-power IoT as passive IoT. The terminal device in the A-IoT system can be referred to as an ambient IoT device or an ambient power (AMP) device. The AMP device means an IoT device that uses various ambient energy, such as wireless radio frequency energy, light energy, solar energy, thermal energy, mechanical energy, and various ambient energy to drive itself. Such a device can have no energy storage capability, or can have very limited energy storage capability (such as using a capacitor with a capacity of several tens of uF). Compared with traditional IoT devices, ambient IoT devices have the advantages of no conventional battery, no maintenance, small size, low complexity, low cost, long life cycle, and the like.

[0117] Based on the discussion of the application scenarios of ambient power IoT by 3GPP SA1, it is proposed that ambient power IoT is used for at least the following four types of scenarios:

[0118] Scenario one: object identification, such as logistics, production line product management, and supply chain management;

[0119] Scenario two: environmental monitoring, such as temperature, humidity, and harmful gas monitoring of working environment and natural environment;

[0120] Scenario three: positioning, such as indoor positioning, intelligent search for objects, and production line object positioning;

[0121] Scenario four: intelligent control, such as intelligent control of various appliances in smart home (turning on / off air conditioner, adjusting temperature), and intelligent control of various facilities in agricultural greenhouse (automatic irrigation, fertilization).

[0122] Typical wifi PPDU structure

[0123] WiFi communication systems include a variety of different versions (e.g., 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax, etc.) to employ different design and optimization methods for different application scenarios, data rates, propagation distances (or coverage), etc. requirements. From the perspective of the physical layer protocol, the PPDU structure (also referred to as the physical layer frame structure in some documents) is the design focus of different versions of WiFi systems. The PPDU structure needs to ensure interoperability between different devices.

[0124] Several PPDU frame structures provided by related technologies are introduced as follows. As shown in FIG. 7, the earliest version of the wifi communication system is 802.11a, in which the short training field (STF), the long training field (LTF) and the signal (SIG) are also basically used in the PPDU frame structure of subsequent other versions. The 802.11n version introduces high throughput (HT) characteristics. The 802.11n adds an HT-SIG field based on the traditional preamble (including STF, LTF, and SIG) of 802.11a. The HT-SIG field uses quadrature binary phase shift keying (Q-BPSK) modulation, which can enable the STA to distinguish whether the data packet is HT or non-HT. The 802.11ac adds a new very high throughput (VHT)-SIG field after the traditional preamble. In order to distinguish from 802.11a and 802.11n, the VHT-SIG field newly introduced by 802.11ac includes two 4us symbols, and is modulated by BPSK and Q-BPSK respectively. The 802.11ba version is designed for energy-saving users, so the 802.11ba version introduces low power wake-up radio (LP-WUR) technology. The PPDU frame structure of the 802.11ba version includes a wideband part (or non-WUR part) and a narrowband part (or WUR part). The non-WUR part also includes L-SFT, L-LTF, L-SIG and two binary phase shift keying marks (BPSK-Mark) for distinguishing versions. The signal carried in the non-WUR part is a wideband signal, and is modulated by OFDM. The non-WUR part is mainly to enable other non-WUR devices to detect and identify the WUR PPDU, so as to avoid other devices from transmitting data in this PPDU, thereby reducing the interference to the WUR PPDU. The WUR part uses a narrowband signal (4MHz), and the WUR part uses multi-carrier on-off keying (MC-OOK) modulation. The WUR part includes a WUR synchronization (WUR-Sync) part.The WUR-Sync portion is used for WUR receiver to perform PPDU detection, timing, and determine the rate of the data portion (both low data rate (LDR) and high data rate (HDR)) so that the WUR receiver can read the subsequent data portion according to the indication of the WUR-Sync portion. It is noted that the WUR portion does not have a dedicated SIG field to indicate the length of the data portion, but instead the length information of the data portion is carried in the first few bytes of the data portion. Thus, the length information of the data portion can be encoded by the medium access control (MAC) layer in a MAC protocol data unit (MPDU). This design requires cross-layer cooperation at the receiver, i.e., the physical layer of the receiver needs to upload a portion of the data to the MAC layer first before the length of the data field can be determined. This design, although increases the complexity of the receiver, can alleviate the need for a SIG field for WUR PPDU.

[0125] The A-IoT system is mentioned in the foregoing when introducing the zero-power technology. The PPDU in the A-IoT system can also include a wideband portion (or non-AMP portion) and a narrowband portion (or AMP portion). The wideband portion can include one or more of L-SFT, L-LTF, L-SIG, and two BPSK-marks (which can be modulated by OFDM) for distinguishing versions. The narrowband portion can include one or more of a synchronization field, a SIG field, and a data field.

[0126] DSSS technology in 802.11

[0127] The DSSS technology is a spread spectrum technology based on which a signal can be transmitted over a wide frequency band. The basic operation of the DSSS technology is to spread the RF energy over a wide frequency band by precise control. When the variations of the radio carrier are spread over a wide frequency band, the receiver can find the variations by correlation processing.

[0128] Figure 8 illustrates the basic operation of DSSS. Referring to Figure 8, on the left side of Figure 8 is a conventional narrowband radio signal. The signal is processed by a spreader, which mathematically flattens the amplitude of the narrowband input signal and distributes it across a relatively wide frequency band. To a narrowband receiver, the signal processed by the DSSS sequence spreader appears as some low-level noise because the RF energy has been spread across a wide frequency band. The key to DSSS is that any modulation of the RF carrier is also spread across the entire frequency band. A receiver can monitor a wide frequency band and look for variations that affect the entire band. The original signal can be recovered by a correlator, which essentially reverses the spreading process.

[0129] At a higher level, the correlator is simply looking for variations in the RF signal that affect the entire band. The protection provided by correlation makes the signal transmission resistant to many types of interference. Noise typically occurs in bursts or pulses, which are relatively narrow in frequency. By definition, such pulses do not affect the entire band. Thus, the noise is spread across the entire band by the correlation function, and the signal processed by correlation is completely unaffected, as shown in Figure 9.

[0130] DSSS operates by processing a data stream with a spreading code (the spreading code can also be referred to as a spreading sequence or a chipping sequence). A chip is a binary digit used in the spreading process. A bit is a higher-level data, and a chip is a binary digit used in the encoding process. There is no mathematical difference between a bit and a chip. The term is used by spread-spectrum developers to indicate that a chip is part of the encoding and transmission process but does not itself carry any data. The spreading code, also known as a pseudo-noise (PN) code, must have a higher transmission rate than the underlying data (the primary power consumption of DSSS at the physical layer is the use of a high-frequency oscillator to generate the chip stream or to recover the data). Figure 10 illustrates the role of the spreading code in DSSS. On the left side of Figure 10 is a single data bit, which has a value of 1 or 0. Each data bit is processed with multiple chips. In Figure 10, the chip stream is a spreading code of 11 bits. The spreading code is combined with a data byte to produce 11 chips that carry the data bit. The 11-chip / single-data-bit sequence is transmitted over the wireless link. The receiving end compares the 11 chips with the same chip stream (i.e., the spreading code). If the chips match the spreading code, the recovered data bit is 0; if they do not match, the recovered data bit is 1.

[0131] Encoding a lower bit rate signal with a higher chip rate has the side effect of spreading the signal power over a wider frequency band. One of the most important characteristics of a DSSS system is the spreading ratio, which indicates how many chips must be used to transmit a single bit. Higher spreading ratios improve the ability to recover the signal, but require a higher chip rate and a wider frequency band. Doubling the spreading ratio requires twice as many chips and twice as much bandwidth. Increasing the chip rate has two costs. The direct cost is the need for more expensive RF components that can operate at higher frequencies, and the indirect cost is the bandwidth required. Therefore, in designing a DSSS system, it is desirable to keep the spreading ratio as low as possible, while still meeting the design requirements and avoiding wasted bandwidth.

[0132] DSSS trades bandwidth for transmission capacity. Compared to traditional narrowband transmission, direct sequence modulation requires more radio spectrum and is slower, but it is usually more tolerant of other sources of interference. This is because the correlation function used by the receiver effectively rejects narrowband noise. Compared to frequency hopping, DSSS is also easier to scale to higher throughput.

[0133] 802.11 uses an 11-bit Barker word as the spreading code. Each bit is encoded with the Barker word. The key property of the Barker word for 802.11 networks is that it has good auto-correlation, i.e., the correlation function used by the receiver behaves as expected in most environments and is relatively tolerant of multipath fading. The Barker word is 11 bits long because regulators usually require DSSS systems to have a processing gain of 10 dB. An 11-bit spreading code per bit allows 802.11 to meet regulatory requirements with a little safety margin. Using an 11-bit spreading code is not very long, so it allows more overlapping networks. Longer spreading codes can provide higher processing gain, but require more bandwidth.

[0134] 802.11 uses the Barker sequence [ +1, -1, +1, +1, -1, +1, +1, +1, -1, -1, -1] as the spreading code. When used in 802.11, +1 is replaced by 1 and -1 is replaced by 0. Thus the Barker sequence becomes 10110111000. A modulo-2 adder applies this to each bit of the data stream. If the encoded bit is 1, all the bits of the spreading code change; if the encoded bit is 0, they remain the same. Figure 11 shows the complete encoding process.

[0135] The receiver can periodically check how many 1s are contained in the received bits. The Barker sequence itself has 6 1s and 5 0s. As long as 6 1s are contained in the 11-bit sequence, it means that 0 is to be transmitted; if 6 0s are contained in the 11-bit sequence, it means that 1 is to be transmitted. In addition to counting the number of 1s and 0s, the receiver can also infer the actual value of the transmitted bit through analysis of the bit pattern.

[0136] As described above, some communication systems transmit a PPDU having a wideband part and a narrowband part. How the signal (e.g., the waveform of the signal) in the narrowband part of the PPDU should be designed is a problem to be solved.

[0137] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below.

[0138] FIG. 12 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application. The method of FIG. 12 can be performed by a first device and a second device. The first device can be an AP, and the second device can be an AMP device. Alternatively, the first device can be an AMP device, and the second device can be an AP.

[0139] Referring to FIG. 12, in step S1210, the first device transmits a first PPDU. The first PPDU includes a wideband part and a narrowband part. The narrowband part is beneficial to simplify the implementation of the second device (receiver), e.g., the second device can receive the first PPDU based on simple envelope detection. In addition, the setting of the narrowband part leaves spare bands on both sides of the guard band. By setting the spare bands on both sides of the guard band, other signal interference on both sides can be isolated.

[0140] The narrowband portion includes a first signal. The first signal can be, for example, an OOK signal. The first signal can be a signal in any one of the fields in the narrowband portion of the first PPDU. Take the first PPDU as an example, which is a PPDU transmitted by an A-IoT system. The first PPDU can include a wideband portion (the bandwidth of the wideband portion can be, for example, 20 MHz) and a narrowband portion (the bandwidth of the narrowband portion can be less than 20 MHz, such as 4-10 MHz). The wideband portion can include one or more of an L-STF, an L-LTF, an L-SIG, and a BPSK Mark. The wideband portion can be used to be compatible with other legacy wifi devices. The narrowband portion can include one or more of a synchronization field (AMP-Sync), a signal field (AMP-SIG), and a data field (data). The synchronization field can be used for synchronization of the AMP device. The signal field can be used to carry physical layer parameters. The data field can be used to carry data of the AMP device. In this example, the first signal mentioned above can be a signal (or a synchronization signal) in the synchronization field, a signal in the signal field, or a signal in the data field. Of course, the first signal can also include signals in multiple fields.

[0141] It is mentioned above that the second device can receive the first PPDU. For example, the second device can perform envelope detection on the first signal (such as an OOK signal) and synchronize with the first device or determine information in the first signal according to a decoding result obtained by the envelope detection. Take the first signal as an example, which is a signal in the synchronization field. Then, the second device can first perform envelope detection on the first signal to obtain a detection result, and then perform correlation detection based on the detection result to synchronize with the first device. Take the first signal as an example, which is a signal in the signal field or the data field. Then, the second device can perform envelope detection on the first signal and determine information in the signal field or the data field according to the detection result.

[0142] The first signal (or the waveform of the first signal) can be determined (or generated) based on a first spreading sequence in a set of spreading sequences. For example, the first signal can include one or more symbols, and each symbol (or the waveform of each symbol) can be generated based on the first spreading sequence. The set of spreading sequences mentioned here can include only one spreading sequence, or can include multiple spreading sequences. The spreading sequences in the set of spreading sequences can be, for example, DSSS sequences. According to the introduction of the DSSS technology mentioned above, 802.11 devices have DSSS capability, and the embodiments of the present application reuse the capability of the 802.11 devices by taking the DSSS sequences as the spreading sequences.

[0143] The length of the spreading sequence in the spreading sequence set (i.e., the number of bits or chips contained in the spreading sequence) is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application. For example, the length of the spreading sequence in the spreading sequence set is greater than or equal to K. The value of K may, for example, be 11. Setting the length of the spreading sequence in the spreading sequence set to be greater than or equal to 11 can enable the DSSS system to have a processing gain of at least 10 dB. Of course, the value of K may, for example, also be 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. Alternatively, the value of K may, for example, also be 12, 13, 14, or 15.

[0144] In some implementations, the value of K may, for example, be an integer multiple of 11, such as 1, 2, 3, or 4 times 11. As described above with respect to the DSSS technology, 802.11 devices have DSSS capabilities and support spreading sequences of length 11 (i.e., the Barker word described above). Setting the length of the DSSS sequence to be an integer multiple of 11 can facilitate reusing or simply extending (i.e., by an integer multiple) the capabilities of 802.11 devices.

[0145] In some implementations, the spreading codes in the spreading sequence may, for example, be random spreading codes (i.e., the positions of 1 and -1, or 1 and 0, in the spreading code are random). Taking the spreading sequence set including spreading sequences of length 11 as an example, the spreading sequence set may, for example, include one or more of the following sequences: [1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0], [1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1], and [-1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1]. [1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0] is the same as the spreading sequence provided in 802.11b, which is equivalent to using the spreading sequence in 802.11b. [1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1] and [-1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1] can be understood as sequences obtained by performing binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation on [1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0]. As can be seen, the design of the above spreading sequences is intended to use the spreading sequence provided in 802.11b, thereby simplifying implementation.

[0146] The bandwidth of the spread spectrum signal varies with the structure of the spread spectrum sequence. Therefore, in some other implementations, a spread spectrum sequence with a special structure (or special format) can be constructed to select or adjust the bandwidth of the spread first signal, so that the bandwidth of the first signal can meet the requirement of the narrowband part on the signal bandwidth. For example, the set of spread spectrum sequences includes one or more of the following sequences: all-0 sequence, all-1 sequence, all- -1 sequence, second spread spectrum sequence, and third spread spectrum sequence. The second spread spectrum sequence mentioned herein includes a first sequence part and a second sequence part, the first sequence part includes x consecutive bits, the second sequence part includes y consecutive bits, the x bits all have a first value, the y bits all have a second value different from the first value, and the sum of x and y is equal to the length of the second spread spectrum sequence. The third spread spectrum sequence mentioned herein can include a first sequence part, a second sequence part, and a third sequence part arranged in sequence, the first sequence part includes m consecutive bits, the second sequence part includes n consecutive bits, the third sequence part includes k consecutive bits, the m bits all have a first value, the n bits all have a second value different from the first value, the k bits all have the first value, and the sum of x, y, and z is equal to the length of the third spread spectrum sequence. The third spread spectrum sequence can be understood as a spread spectrum sequence obtained by cyclically shifting the second spread spectrum sequence.

[0147] For ease of understanding, the following takes a spreading sequence of length 11 as an example for illustration. If the values of bits (or chips) in the spreading sequence are 1 and -1, the spreading sequence of length 11 can include one or more of the following: [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1]. If the values of bits (or chips) in the spreading sequence are 1 and 0, the spreading sequence of length 11 can include one or more of the following: [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0].

[0148] In the above sequences, [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1] corresponds to the all-1 sequence mentioned above, [-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1] corresponds to the all-1 sequence mentioned above, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0] corresponds to the all-0 sequence mentioned above, and the rest of the sequences correspond to the second spreading sequence mentioned above. Taking [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1] as an example, the spreading sequence includes 9 consecutive 1s and two consecutive -1s, the 9 consecutive 1s correspond to the first sequence part mentioned above, and the two consecutive -1s correspond to the second sequence part mentioned above. Further, if [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1] is cyclically shifted to the right by 1 bit, the spreading sequence [-1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1] is obtained, which corresponds to the third spreading sequence mentioned above, wherein the leftmost -1 corresponds to the first sequence part in the third spreading sequence, the middle 9 consecutive 1s correspond to the second sequence part in the third spreading sequence, and the rightmost -1 corresponds to the third sequence part in the third spreading sequence.

[0149] Compared with the spreading sequences provided in 802.11b, constructing the all-0 sequence, the all-1 sequence, the all-1 sequence, the second spreading sequence, or the third spreading sequence in the spreading sequence set can effectively reduce the bandwidth of the first signal after spreading, so that the first signal meets the narrow bandwidth requirement.

[0150] In some implementations, the spreading sequence set can include a spreading sequence with a length of 22. The spreading sequence with a length of 22 satisfies one or more of the following: when the transmission rate of the first signal before spreading is 500 Kbps, the spreading sequence with a length of 22 includes a fifth spreading sequence, and the number of first values in the fifth spreading sequence is between 3 and 7. The fifth spreading sequence or the fourth sequence includes a first sequence part and a second sequence part after cyclic shift. The first sequence part includes x consecutive bits, and the second sequence part includes y consecutive bits. The x bits are all first values, the y bits are all second values different from the first values, x is less than or equal to y, and the sum of x and y is equal to the length of the fifth spreading sequence.

[0151] As an example, the fifth spreading sequence can include 7 consecutive 1s and 15 consecutive -1s, 7 consecutive -1s and 15 consecutive 1s, 6 consecutive 1s and 16 consecutive -1s, 6 consecutive -1s and 16 consecutive 1s, 5 consecutive 1s and 17 consecutive -1s, 5 consecutive -1s and 17 consecutive 1s, 4 consecutive 1s and 18 consecutive -1s, 4 consecutive -1s and 18 consecutive 1s, 3 consecutive 1s and 19 consecutive -1s, or 3 consecutive -1s and 19 consecutive 1s. Of course, the fifth spreading sequence can also be a spreading sequence obtained by cyclically shifting the above spreading sequences.

[0152] In some implementations, the set of spreading sequences can include spreading sequences with a length of 44. The spreading sequences with a length of 44 satisfy one or more of the following: when the transmission rate of the first signal before spreading is 500 Kbps, the spreading sequences with a length of 44 include a sixth spreading sequence, and the number of first values in the sixth spreading sequence is between 5 and 14 (or between 5 and 15). The sixth spreading sequence or the fifth sequence after cyclically shifting includes a first sequence portion and a second sequence portion. The first sequence portion includes x consecutive bits, and the second sequence portion includes y consecutive bits. The x bits all have the first value, the y bits all have a second value different from the first value, x is less than or equal to y, and the sum of x and y is equal to the length of the sixth spreading sequence.

[0153] For example, the sixth spreading sequence can include 14 consecutive 1s and 30 consecutive -1s, 13 consecutive 1s and 31 consecutive -1s, and so on (the number of consecutive 1s is between 5 and 14). Alternatively, the sixth spreading sequence can include 14 consecutive -1s and 30 consecutive 1s, 13 consecutive -1s and 31 consecutive 1s, and so on (the number of consecutive -1s is between 5 and 14). Of course, the sixth spreading sequence can also be a spreading sequence obtained by cyclically shifting the above spreading sequence.

[0154] In some implementations, the set of spreading sequences can include a spreading sequence with a length of 22. The spreading sequence with a length of 22 satisfies one or more of the following: when the transmission rate of the first signal before spreading is 250 Kbps, the spreading sequence with a length of 22 includes a seventh spreading sequence, and the number of first values in the seventh spreading sequence is between 2 and 3 (or 1 and 4). The seventh spreading sequence or the sixth sequence includes a first sequence portion and a second sequence portion after being cyclically shifted. The first sequence portion includes x consecutive bits, and the second sequence portion includes y consecutive bits. The x bits all have a first value, the y bits all have a second value different from the first value, x is less than or equal to y, and the sum of x and y is equal to the length of the fifth spreading sequence.

[0155] For example, the seventh spreading sequence can include 2 consecutive 1s and 20 consecutive -1s, 2 consecutive -1s and 20 consecutive 1s, 3 consecutive 1s and 19 consecutive -1s, and 3 consecutive -1s and 19 consecutive 1s. Of course, the seventh spreading sequence can also be a spreading sequence obtained by cyclically shifting the above spreading sequence.

[0156] In some embodiments, the set of spreading sequences can include a spreading sequence with a length of 44. The spreading sequence with the length of 44 can satisfy one or more of the following: when the transmission rate of the first signal before spreading is 250 Kbps, the spreading sequence with the length of 44 includes an eighth spreading sequence, and the number of first values in the eighth spreading sequence is between 3 and 6 (or between 2 and 7). The eighth spreading sequence or the seventh sequence after cyclic shift includes a first sequence part and a second sequence part. The first sequence part includes x consecutive bits, and the second sequence part includes y consecutive bits. The x bits are all first values, the y bits are all second values different from the first values, x is less than or equal to y, and the sum of x and y is equal to the length of the sixth spreading sequence.

[0157] For example, if the number of 1s in the eighth spreading sequence is small, the first value can be 1; if the number of -1s in the eighth spreading sequence is small, the first value can be -1. Similarly, for example, if the number of 1s in the eighth spreading sequence is small, the first value can be 1; if the number of 0s in the eighth spreading sequence is small, the first value can be 0. As an example, the eighth spreading sequence can include 3 consecutive 1s and 41 consecutive -1s, 4 consecutive 1s and 40 consecutive -1s, and so on (the number of consecutive 1s is between 3 and 6). Alternatively, the eighth spreading sequence can include 3 consecutive -1s and 41 consecutive 1s, 4 consecutive -1s and 40 consecutive 1s, and so on (the number of consecutive -1s is between 3 and 6). Of course, the eighth spreading sequence can also be a spreading sequence obtained by cyclic shift of the above spreading sequence.

[0158] The embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the transmission rate of the spreading sequence in the set of spreading sequences. The transmission rate of the spreading sequence is associated with the transmission rate of the first signal before spreading and the length of the spreading sequence. For example, the transmission rate of the first signal before spreading is Rb, and the length of the spreading sequence is n (the value of n can be referred to the description above), then the transmission rate of the first signal is nRb. The transmission rate of the first signal before spreading is usually less than or equal to 1 M bit per second (bps). For example, Rb can be 1 Mbps, 500 Kbps, 250 Kbps, 125 Kbps, or 62.5 Kbps. Accordingly, the transmission rate of the first signal is less than or equal to n Mbps. For example, the transmission rate of the first signal can be n Mbps, 500n Kbps, 250n Kbps, 125n Kbps, or 62.5n Kbps.

[0159] According to the DSSS capability of the 802.11 device provided in the related art, the transmission rate of the supported spreading sequence is at most 11M. Therefore, the combination of Rb and n can be controlled so that nRb is less than or equal to 11M. Taking the values of Rb including 1Mbps, 500Kbps, 250Kbps, 125Kbps, 62.5Kbps and the values of n including 11, 22, 33, 44 as examples, if it is desired that the transmission rate of the spreading sequence is not more than 11M, then when n=11, Rb=1Mbps, 500Kbps, 250Kbps, 125Kbps, 62.5Kbps; when n=22, Rb=500Kbps, 250Kbps, 125Kbps, 62.5Kbps; when n=33, Rb=250Kbps, 125Kbps, 62.5Kbps; and when n=44, Rb=250Kbps, 125Kbps, 62.5Kbps. Of course, if the DSSS capability of the 802.11 device is improved, then the combination mode of n and Rb can also be extended.

[0160] The bandwidth of the first signal (i.e. the bandwidth occupied by the spread signal) is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application. For example, the bandwidth of the first signal (such as the OOK signal) satisfies: M≤2×(n+1)×Rb MHz; wherein M represents the bandwidth of the first signal, the unit of M is MHz, n represents the length of the first spreading sequence, and Rb represents the transmission rate of the signal before spreading corresponding to the first signal. Taking the values of Rb including 1Mbps, 500Kbps, 250Kbps, 125Kbps, 62.5Kbps and the values of n including 11, 22, 33, 44 as examples, then the bandwidth range occupied by the first signal in frequency is 2×12×62.5KHz-2×45×1MHz. However, as mentioned above, the first signal is the signal of the narrowband part of the first PPDU, and the combination mode of Rb and n can be limited so that the bandwidth of the first signal satisfies the narrowband requirement (at least less than the bandwidth of the wideband part).

[0161] In some implementations, the bandwidth of the first signal is less than 20MHz.

[0162] In some implementations, the bandwidth of the first signal is less than or equal to 10MHz.

[0163] In some implementations, the bandwidth of the first signal is greater than or equal to 4MHz and less than or equal to 10MHz.

[0164] The first spreading sequence used to generate the first signal can be determined (or associated with) based on one or more of the following: a transmission rate of the first signal before spreading, a bandwidth of the first signal (or a bandwidth requirement). For example, before generating the first signal, the first spreading sequence can be selected from the set of spreading sequences according to the bandwidth requirement of the first signal and the transmission rate of the first signal before spreading, such that the bandwidth of the first signal after spreading with the first spreading sequence meets the bandwidth requirement.

[0165] The above describes the spreading sequences in the set of spreading sequences. If all the symbols in the first signal correspond to the same spreading sequence, the first signal will have more and higher spurs in the frequency domain. 802.11 has a requirement on power, which specifies that the power cannot exceed 10 dbm / MHz. Limited by this requirement, more spurs are not conducive to improving the energy of signal transmission, thereby affecting coverage. Therefore, a certain frequency flattening method can be used to eliminate the spurs, so that the same frequency band can transmit as much energy as possible.

[0166] Specifically, the first signal can include one or more first symbols, and the values of the bits corresponding to the one or more first symbols are non-0 values (which can be 1, -1, or other values). If all the symbols in the first signal correspond to the same spreading sequence, the waveforms of the one or more first symbols are the same, and then the first signal will have more spurs in the frequency domain. In order to eliminate the spurs, the waveforms of the one or more first symbols can be changed in a certain way, so that the waveforms of the one or more first symbols are not completely the same. For example, one or more second symbols can be generated based on the first spreading sequence, and then the one or more second symbols can be multiplied by 1 or -1 at random to determine the one or more first symbols. For another example, before spreading to generate the one or more first symbols, the first spreading sequence can be randomly cyclically shifted, thereby randomizing the phase information within each first symbol. For another example, one or more third symbols can be generated based on the first spreading sequence, and then the sampling points of the one or more third symbols can be cyclically shifted to determine the one or more first symbols. Alternatively, the above-mentioned various methods can also be combined. For example, the first spreading sequence can be randomly cyclically shifted to generate the spreading sequence corresponding to one or more bits of 1. Then, the one or more bits of 1 are spread based on the spreading sequence corresponding to the one or more bits of 1 to generate one or more second symbols. After obtaining the one or more second symbols, the one or more second symbols can be multiplied by 1 or -1 at random to determine the one or more first symbols.

[0167] In some embodiments, the first signal being generated based on the first spreading sequence of the set of spreading sequences can include the first signal being generated based on a fourth spreading sequence. The fourth spreading sequence is based on a concatenation of a plurality of spreading sequences. The plurality of spreading sequences includes the first spreading sequence.

[0168] For example, the plurality of spreading sequences are all the same as the first spreading sequence.

[0169] For another example, the plurality of spreading sequences include spreading sequences other than the first spreading sequence in the set of spreading sequences.

[0170] In some embodiments, the plurality of spreading sequences have the same length. For example, the plurality of spreading sequences all have a length of 11. For another example, the plurality of spreading sequences all have a length of 22. Alternatively, the plurality of spreading sequences can have different lengths. For example, the plurality of spreading sequences include sequences having lengths of 11 and 22.

[0171] In some embodiments, the number of the plurality of spreading sequences is equal to 1 / Rb. Rb represents the rate of the first signal. Alternatively, Rb represents the rate of a signal obtained after encoding the first signal (the encoding manner of the first signal is described later).

[0172] In some implementations, the first spreading sequence is one of: [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1]. Alternatively, the fourth spreading sequence comprises a plurality of repeated sequences of one of: [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1]. See Example 4 below for a detailed description.

[0173] In some implementations, the first signal is generated based on a first spreading sequence in the set of spreading sequences, and the second signal is generated based on the first spreading sequence, the second signal being a signal obtained by encoding the first signal. For example, the second signal is a signal obtained by encoding the first signal in a manner of: inverse non-return-to-zero encoding, Manchester encoding, unipolar return-to-zero encoding, differential bi-phase encoding, Miller encoding, pulse width encoding, or differential encoding. See Example 5 below for a detailed description.

[0174] The embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail with specific examples. It should be understood that the first signal mentioned in the foregoing corresponds to the OOK signal (which is a narrowband signal of the AMP) in the following, which is the signal of the narrowband part in the PPDU transmitted by the A-IoT system, which can be carried in the synchronization field, signal field or data field of the PPDU. It should be noted that the following examples are only to help those skilled in the art to understand the embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present application to the specific values or specific scenarios illustrated. Those skilled in the art can obviously make various equivalent modifications or changes according to the examples given, and such modifications or changes also fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0175] Example 1: Directly using the sequence in 802.11b as a spreading sequence to generate an OOK signal

[0176] This example takes the narrowband signal as the OOK signal, and the transmission rate Rb of the narrowband signal is 250 Kbps, and the spreading sequence length of the DSSS is 11. The spreading sequence of 802.11b is [1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0], [1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1] or [-1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1]. After the narrowband signal is spread by the spreading sequence, the rate of the spread signal is 11Rb, that is, 2.75 MHz. The spreading operation is equivalent to that a square wave signal (the OOK signal is a square wave signal) with a rate of Rb is re-sampled by 11 times and multiplied by a spreading sequence with a rate of 11Rb. The point multiplication of the two signals in the time domain is equivalent to the convolution of the two signals in the frequency domain. The bandwidth of the square wave signal with a rate of Rb in the frequency domain is 2Rb, that is, 0.5M. The bandwidth of the spreading sequence with a rate of 11Rb in the frequency domain is 22Rb, that is, 5.5 MHz. After the convolution of the two signals in the frequency domain, the bandwidth is expanded to 2×(n+1)×Rb MHz. In this example, n is 11 and Rb is 250 kHz, so the expanded bandwidth is 6 MHz. In this example, the sampling rate is 11 MHz, the spreading sequence is [1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0], and a 32-bit long signal with a rate of 250 Kbps is spread. The simulation results are shown in FIGS. 13 to 16. FIG. 13 describes the frequency spectrum of the spreading sequence. FIG. 14 describes the frequency spectrum of the OOK signal before spreading. FIG. 15 describes the frequency spectrum of the OOK signal after spreading. FIG. 16 describes the power spectral density of the OOK signal after spreading.

[0177] In addition to the above description of Rb=250KHz, n=11. Rb can also be 1MHz, 500KHz, 125KHz, 62.5KHz, etc. and n can be 11, 22, 33, 44, etc. Different combinations of Rb and different n can make the bandwidth of the spread OOK signal different. According to the above analysis, the bandwidth of the spread signal is 2x(n+1)xRb MHz. According to the above range of Rb and n, the bandwidth of the spread OOK signal ranges from 2x12x62.5KHz to 2x45x1MHz. According to the DSSS capability of 802.11 devices, the highest rate of the spread sequence supported by the current 802.11 devices is 11M. Therefore, without exceeding the capability, when n is equal to 11, the rate Rb of the narrowband signal before spreading can be 1Mbps, 500Kbps, 250Kbps, 125Kbps, 62.5Kbps. When n=22, the rate Rb of the narrowband signal before spreading can be 500Kbps, 250Kbps, 125Kbps, 62.5Kbps. When n=33, the rate Rb of the narrowband signal before spreading can be 250Kbps, 125Kbps, 62.5Kbps. When n=44, the rate Rb of the narrowband signal before spreading can be 250Kbps, 125Kbps, 62.5Kbps. Of course, if the DSSS capability of 802.11 devices is improved, n and Rb can be combined as needed.

[0178] Example 2: Using a special structure of the spread sequence to generate the OOK signal

[0179] According to the analysis in Example 1, the bandwidth of the spread sequence after spreading is 2x(n+1)xRb MHz. When Rb is 1MHz and n is 11, 22, 33, 44, etc., the bandwidth is greater than or equal to 24MHz. This bandwidth exceeds the bandwidth allowed by 802.11, so for this case, this example uses a special structure of the spread sequence to generate the OOK signal, so that the bandwidth of the OOK signal generated by the DSSS sequence is smaller.

[0180] For example, the spreading sequence with length of 11 can be constructed as follows: [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1]. In this case, the rate of the spreading sequence is Rb, but the bandwidth of this spreading sequence is 11 / 5 x 2 x Rb. The OOK signal with rate of Rb is spread by this spreading sequence, which is equivalent to that a square wave signal with rate of Rb is multiplied by a spreading sequence with rate of 11Rb after 11 times resampling. The point multiplication of the two signals in time domain is equivalent to the convolution of the two signals in frequency domain. The OOK signal is a square wave signal, and thus its bandwidth in frequency domain is 2Rb. The bandwidth of the spreading sequence is 11 / 5 x 2 x Rb. The bandwidth of the spread OOK signal is (11 / 5 + 1) x 2 x Rb. It can be seen that the bandwidth of the OOK signal generated by the special spreading sequence is narrower than that of example 1. If Rb is large (for example, 1 Mbps), the bandwidth of the spreading sequence can be adjusted to be 6.4 MHz by the special construction of the spreading sequence. 6.4 MHz is less than 20 MHz, and thus the spectrum requirement of 802.11 can be met. FIG. 17 to FIG. 20 show some simulation results. FIG. 17 shows the spectrum of the spreading sequence. FIG. 18 shows the spectrum of the OOK signal before spreading. FIG. 19 shows the spectrum of the spread OOK signal. FIG. 20 shows the power spectral density of the spread OOK signal.

[0181] In addition to the above spreading sequence, the bandwidth of the spread OOK signal can also be adjusted by using the following spreading sequence.

[0182] For example, the spreading sequence is [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]. If the rate of the OOK signal before spreading is 1Rb, the rate of the spreading sequence is 11Rb, and the bandwidth of the spread OOK signal is 2Rb.

[0183] For example, the spreading sequence is [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1]. If the rate of the OOK signal before spreading is 1Rb, the rate of the spreading sequence is 11Rb, and the bandwidth of the spread OOK signal is (22 / 1 + 2)Rb.

[0184] For example, the spreading sequence is [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1]. If the rate of the OOK signal before spreading is 1Rb, the rate of the spreading sequence is 11Rb, and the bandwidth of the spread OOK signal is (22 / 1 + 2)Rb.

[0185] For example, the spreading sequence is [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1]. If the rate of the OOK signal before spreading is 1Rb, the rate of the spreading sequence is 11Rb, and the bandwidth of the spread OOK signal is (22 / 1 + 2)Rb.

[0186] For example, the spreading sequence is [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1]. If the OOK signal rate before spreading is 1Rb, then the spreading sequence rate is 11Rb, and the OOK signal bandwidth after spreading is (22 / 4+2)Rb / 4.

[0187] For example, the spreading sequence is [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1]. If the OOK signal rate before spreading is 1Rb, then the spreading sequence rate is 11Rb, and the OOK signal bandwidth after spreading is (22 / 5+2)Rb.

[0188] For example, the spreading sequence is [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1]. If the OOK signal rate before spreading is 1Rb, then the spreading sequence rate is 11Rb, and the OOK signal bandwidth after spreading is (22 / 4+2)Rb.

[0189] For example, the spreading sequence is [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1]. If the OOK signal rate before spreading is 1Rb, then the spreading sequence rate is 11Rb, and the OOK signal bandwidth after spreading is (22 / 3+2)Rb.

[0190] For example, the spreading sequence is [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1]. If the OOK signal rate before spreading is 1Rb, then the spreading sequence rate is 11Rb, and the OOK signal bandwidth after spreading is (22 / 2+2)Rb.

[0191] For example, the spreading sequence is [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1]. If the OOK signal rate before spreading is 1Rb, then the spreading sequence rate is 11Rb, and the OOK signal bandwidth after spreading is (22 / 1+2)Rb.

[0192] For example, the spreading sequence is [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1]. If the OOK signal rate before spreading is 1Rb, then the spreading sequence rate is 11Rb, and the OOK signal bandwidth after spreading is 2Rb.

[0193] In addition, the new spreading sequence formed after the above-mentioned spreading sequence is cyclically shifted can also be used to adjust the OOK signal bandwidth.

[0194] The above lists the spreading sequence with a length of 11. The spreading sequence length can also be 22, 33, 44, etc. The construction idea of such sequences is similar to that of the spreading sequence with a length of 11. Some examples are given below.

[0195] For the spreading sequence with length of 22, when Rb=500Kbps, a special structure of spreading sequence can be designed to make the bandwidth of OOK signal between 4MHz-10MHz. The special structure of spreading sequence can be divided into two parts, one part is continuous 1, and the other part is continuous -1 (or, the spreading sequence can form the above two parts after cyclic shift). According to the calculation formula of the bandwidth after spreading The value of m is between 3 to 7. If the number of 1 in the spreading sequence is less, m represents the number of 1; if the number of -1 in the spreading sequence is less, m represents the number of -1.

[0196] For example, the spreading sequence can include 7 1 and 15 -1. Or, the spreading sequence can include 7 -1 and 15 1. The bandwidth of the signal after spreading is

[0197] For example, the spreading sequence can include 7 1 and 15 -1. Or, the spreading sequence can include 7 -1 and 15 1. The bandwidth of the signal after spreading is

[0198] For example, the spreading sequence can include 7 1 and 15 -1. Or, the spreading sequence can include 7 -1 and 15 1. The bandwidth of the signal after spreading is

[0199] For example, the spreading sequence can include 7 1 and 15 -1. Or, the spreading sequence can include 7 -1 and 15 1. The bandwidth of the signal after spreading is

[0200] For example, the spreading sequence can include 7 1 and 15 -1. Or, the spreading sequence can include 7 -1 and 15 1. The bandwidth of the signal after spreading is

[0201] For the spreading sequence with length of 44, when Rb=500Kbps, a special structure of spreading sequence can be designed to make the bandwidth of OOK signal between 4MHz-10MHz. The special structure of spreading sequence can be divided into two parts, one part is continuous 1, and the other part is continuous -1 (or, the spreading sequence can form the above two parts after cyclic shift). According to the calculation formula of the bandwidth after spreading The value of m is between 5 to 14. If the number of 1 in the spreading sequence is less, m represents the number of 1; if the number of -1 in the spreading sequence is less, m represents the number of -1.

[0202] For example, the spreading sequence can include 14 ones and 30 -ones. Alternatively, the spreading sequence can include 14 -ones and 30 ones. The spread signal bandwidth is

[0203] For example, the spreading sequence can include 13 ones and 31 -ones. Alternatively, the spreading sequence can include 13 -ones and 31 ones. The spread signal bandwidth is

[0204] For example, the spreading sequence can include 12 ones and 32 -ones. Alternatively, the spreading sequence can include 12 -ones and 32 ones. The spread signal bandwidth is

[0205] For example, the spreading sequence can include 11 ones and 33 -ones. Alternatively, the spreading sequence can include 11 -ones and 33 ones. The spread signal bandwidth is

[0206] For example, the spreading sequence can include 10 ones and 34 -ones. Alternatively, the spreading sequence can include 10 -ones and 34 ones. The spread signal bandwidth is

[0207] For example, the spreading sequence can include 9 ones and 35 -ones. Alternatively, the spreading sequence can include 9 -ones and 35 ones. The spread signal bandwidth is

[0208] For example, the spreading sequence can include 8 ones and 36 -ones. Alternatively, the spreading sequence can include 8 -ones and 36 ones. The spread signal bandwidth is

[0209] For example, the spreading sequence can include 7 ones and 37 -ones. Alternatively, the spreading sequence can include 7 -ones and 37 ones. The spread signal bandwidth is

[0210] For example, the spreading sequence can include 6 ones and 38 -ones. Alternatively, the spreading sequence can include 6 -ones and 38 ones. The spread signal bandwidth is

[0211] For example, the spreading sequence can include 5 ones and 39 -ones. Alternatively, the spreading sequence can include 5 -ones and 39 ones. The spread signal bandwidth is

[0212] For the spreading sequence with length of 22, when Rb=250Kbps, a special structure of spreading sequence can be designed to make the bandwidth of OOK signal between 4MHz-10MHz. The special structure of spreading sequence can be divided into two parts, one part is continuous 1, and the other part is continuous -1 (or, the spreading sequence can form the above two parts after cyclic shift). According to the calculation formula of the bandwidth after spreading The value of m is between 2 to 3. If the number of 1 in the spreading sequence is less, m represents the number of 1; if the number of -1 in the spreading sequence is less, m represents the number of -1.

[0213] For example, the spreading sequence can include 2 1 and 20 -1. Or, the spreading sequence can include 2 -1 and 20 1. The bandwidth of the signal after spreading is

[0214] For example, the spreading sequence can include 2 1 and 20 -1. Or, the spreading sequence can include 2 -1 and 20 1. The bandwidth of the signal after spreading is

[0215] For the spreading sequence with length of 44, when Rb=250Kbps, a special structure of spreading sequence can be designed to make the bandwidth of OOK signal between 4MHz-10MHz. The special structure of spreading sequence can be divided into two parts, one part is continuous 1, and the other part is continuous -1 (or, the spreading sequence can form the above two parts after cyclic shift). According to the calculation formula of the bandwidth after spreading The value of m is between 3 to 6. If the number of 1 in the spreading sequence is less, m represents the number of 1; if the number of -1 in the spreading sequence is less, m represents the number of -1.

[0216] For example, the spreading sequence can include 6 1 and 38 -1. Or, the spreading sequence can include 6 -1 and 38 1. The bandwidth of the signal after spreading is

[0217] For example, the spreading sequence can include 5 1 and 39 -1. Or, the spreading sequence can include 5 -1 and 39 1. The bandwidth of the signal after spreading is

[0218] For example, the spreading sequence can include 4 1 and 40 -1. Or, the spreading sequence can include 4 -1 and 40 1. The bandwidth of the signal after spreading is

[0219] For example, the spreading sequence can include 3 ones and 41 -1s. Or, the spreading sequence can include 3 -1s and 41 ones. The bandwidth of the spread signal is

[0220] Example 3: A method of frequency domain flattening

[0221] In the schemes of Example 1 and Example 2, since the spreading sequence within each OOK symbol is the same, this will cause more higher spurs. However, 802.11 specifies that the power cannot exceed 10dbm / MHz. Under this limitation, if there are more spurs in the OOK signal, it is not conducive to the energy transmission of the signal, affecting coverage. Therefore, this example proposes a method of frequency flattening to eliminate the relevant spurs. For example, 1 or -1 can be multiplied randomly for each OOK symbol, and a random cyclic shift is performed for the spreading sequence within each OOK symbol, thereby randomizing the phase information within each OOK symbol.

[0222] The frequency domain flattening measure provided by Example 3 does not change the envelope detection result of the OOK signal. For signals in the synchronization domain, envelope detection can be performed first to obtain the detection result of the OOK signal. Then, correlation detection can be performed on the detection result to synchronize with the transmitter. For signals in the signal domain or data domain, envelope detection can be directly performed to obtain the decoding result. Figures 21 and 22 are simulation results obtained by taking the method of Example 3 to perform frequency spectrum flattening based on Example 1 and Example 2, respectively. From the simulation results, it can be seen that the spurs in the frequency spectrum have been basically removed, so that more energy can be transmitted in the same frequency band.

[0223] The above three examples give a waveform generation method of an AMP narrowband signal. This method generates OOK symbols by constructing a special DSSS sequence, and each OOK symbol represents a symbol in the AMP narrowband signal. The AMP narrowband signal mentioned here can be a signal in the synchronization domain, a signal in the data domain, or a signal in the signal domain. The above examples utilize the DSSS capability of 802.11 devices and can adjust the bandwidth of the spread OOK signal. In addition, since 802.11 has a limit on the power spectral density of the signal, the above examples also utilize a frequency domain flattening method to ensure the flatness of the generated OOK signal in the frequency domain, so that more energy can be transmitted in the same frequency band.

[0224] Example 4: A method of splicing DSSS signals in 802.11 to generate OOK signals

[0225] In 802.11, DSSS is an 11M rate signal, which spreads a 1M signal with a length 11 sequence. The present example mainly aims at different rate signals, and generates an OOK signal by splicing a plurality of DSSS sequences.

[0226] Take a signal requiring to be transmitted at a rate Rb as an example. Assuming that the rate of DSSS is 11M, then 11 / Rb 11M rate signals are required for each signal at a rate Rb. The 11 / Rb 11M rate signals can be spliced by 1 / Rb identical length 11 11M rate DSSS signals, and by adjusting the internal composition of the 1 / Rb length 11 11M rate DSSS signals, the generated OOK signal can have different bandwidths.

[0227] The internal composition of the length 11 DSSS signal mentioned above can include one or more of the following: [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]; [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1]; [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1]; [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1]; [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1]; [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1]; [1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1]; [1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1]; [1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1]; [1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1]; [-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1].

[0228] In Example 4, Rb can be 125K, 250K, 500K, 1M, etc. Take Rb as 500K as an example, 22 11M rate DSSS signals are required for each 500K signal. The 22 11M rate DSSS signals can be spliced by two identical length 11 11M rate DSSS signals, and by adjusting the internal composition of the two identical DSSS signals, the generated OOK signal can have different bandwidths.

[0229] Example 5: A method for generating an OOK signal by superimposed coding DSSS

[0230] In Examples 1 to 4, the signal can be encoded using one of the following encoding methods: non return zero (NRZ) encoding, Manchester encoding, unipolar RZ encoding, differential binary phase (DBP) encoding, Miller encoding, pulse interval encoding (PIE), and differential encoding. Taking Manchester encoding as an example, a signal generation flowchart 23 is shown.

[0231] Taking Manchester encoding as an example, assuming that the rate of the signal to be transmitted is Rb, the rate of the Manchester encoded signal is 2Rb. Assuming that the rate of the DSSS is 11M, therefore, 11 / 2Rb 11M rate signals are required for each Rb rate signal. The 11 / 2Rb 11M rate signals can be spliced from 1 / 2Rb 11M rate DSSS signals of the same length 11. By adjusting the internal structure of the 1 / 2Rb 11M rate DSSS signals of length 11, the generated OOK signal can have different bandwidths.

[0232] In Example 5, Rb can be 125K, 250K, 500K, 1M, etc. Taking Rb as 250K as an example, the rate of the Manchester encoded signal of the 250K rate signal is 500K, and each Manchester encoded symbol needs to be spread by 22 11M rate DSSS signals. The 22 11M rate DSSS signals can be spliced from two identical 11M rate DSSS signals of length 11. By adjusting the internal structure of the two identical DSSS signals, the generated OOK signal can have different bandwidths.

[0233] The inner structure of the 11-length DSSS signal mentioned above can include one or more of the following: [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]; [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1]; [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1]; [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1]; [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1]; [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1]; [1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1]; [1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1]; [1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1]; [1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1]; [-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1].

[0234] In Example 5, after the information bits are Manchester coded, the Manchester coded bits are multiplied by a DSSS spreading signal to generate a DSSS-OOK signal. The DSSS-OOK signal can be divided into two parts, one part representing Manchester coded 0, which can be called DSSS_OFF, Manchester_OFF, or DSSS_Manchester_OFF. The other part represents Manchester coded 1, which can be called DSSS_ON, Manchester_ON, or DSSS_Manchester_ON. The relationship between the above-mentioned parts is shown in FIG. 24.

[0235] The method embodiments of the present application are described in detail above in combination with FIGS. 1 to 24, and the device embodiments of the present application are described in detail below in combination with FIGS. 25 to 27. It should be understood that the description of the method embodiments corresponds to the description of the device embodiments, and therefore, the parts not described in detail can be referred to the foregoing method embodiments.

[0236] FIG. 25 is a structural schematic diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application. The communication device 2500 shown in FIG. 25 can be the first device mentioned above. The communication device 2500 can include a communication module 2510. The communication module 2510 is configured to transmit a first PPDU. The first PPDU includes a wideband part and a narrowband part, the narrowband part includes a first signal, and the first signal is generated based on a first spreading sequence in a set of spreading sequences.

[0237] In some implementations, a length of the spreading sequence in the set of spreading sequences is greater than or equal to 11.

[0238] In some implementations, a length of a spreading sequence in the set of spreading sequences is an integer multiple of 11.

[0239] In some implementations, a length of a spreading sequence in the set of spreading sequences comprises one or more of: 11, 22, 33, 44.

[0240] In some implementations, a bandwidth of the first signal satisfies: M≤2×(n+1)×Rb MHz; where M represents the bandwidth of the first signal, n represents the length of the first spreading sequence, and Rb represents a transmission rate of a signal before spreading corresponding to the first signal.

[0241] In some implementations, the set of spreading sequences comprises one or more of the following sequences: [1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0], [1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1], [-1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1].

[0242] In some implementations, a bandwidth of the first signal is less than or equal to 10 MHz; and / or a bandwidth of the first signal is greater than or equal to 4 MHz.

[0243] In some implementations, the set of spreading sequences comprises one or more of the following sequences: an all-0 sequence; an all-1 sequence; an all- -1 sequence; a second spreading sequence comprising a first sequence portion and a second sequence portion, the first sequence portion comprising consecutive x bits, the second sequence portion comprising consecutive y bits, the x bits each having a first value, the y bits each having a second value different from the first value, and a sum of x and y being equal to a length of the second spreading sequence; a third spreading sequence comprising a first sequence portion, a second sequence portion, and a third sequence portion arranged in sequence, the first sequence portion comprising consecutive m bits, the second sequence portion comprising consecutive n bits, the third sequence portion comprising consecutive k bits, the m bits each having a first value, the n bits each having a second value different from the first value, the k bits each having the first value, and a sum of x, y, and z being equal to a length of the third spreading sequence.

[0244] In some implementations, the set of spreading sequences includes spreading sequences of length 11, the spreading sequences of length 11 including one or more of: [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1].

[0245] In some implementations, the first signal includes one or more first symbols, a value of a bit corresponding to the one or more first symbols being a non-0 value, and waveforms of the one or more first symbols not being completely identical.

[0246] In some implementations, the first signal includes one or more first symbols, a value of a bit corresponding to the one or more first symbols being a non-0 value, and the one or more first symbols satisfying: the one or more first symbols being determined by randomly multiplying one or more second symbols by 1 or -1, wherein the one or more second symbols are generated based on the first spreading sequence; and / or a spreading sequence used to generate each of the one or more first symbols being determined by randomly cyclically shifting the first spreading sequence; and / or the one or more first symbols being determined by cyclically shifting sampling points of one or more third symbols, wherein the one or more third symbols are generated based on the first spreading sequence.

[0247] In some implementations, a transmission rate of the first signal before spreading is less than or equal to 1M bit / s.

[0248] In some implementations, a transmission rate of the first signal before spreading is one of: 1M bit / s, 500K bit / s, 250K bit / s, 125K bit / s, 62.5K bit / s.

[0249] In some embodiments, the first spreading sequence is determined based on one or more of: a transmission rate of the first signal before spreading; a bandwidth of the first signal.

[0250] In some embodiments, the first signal comprises one or more of: a signal in a synchronization field, a signal in a data field, or a signal in a signal field.

[0251] In some embodiments, the spreading sequences in the set of spreading sequences are DSSS sequences.

[0252] In some embodiments, the first signal is an OOK signal.

[0253] In some embodiments, the first device is an AP and the receiving device of the first signal is an AMP device, or the first device is an AMP device and the receiving device of the first signal is an AP.

[0254] In some embodiments, the first signal is generated based on a first spreading sequence in the set of spreading sequences, comprising: the first signal is generated based on a fourth spreading sequence, the fourth spreading sequence is concatenated based on a plurality of spreading sequences, the plurality of spreading sequences comprises the first spreading sequence.

[0255] In some embodiments, the plurality of spreading sequences are all the first spreading sequence, or the plurality of spreading sequences comprise other spreading sequences in the set of spreading sequences except the first spreading sequence.

[0256] In some embodiments, the plurality of spreading sequences have the same length.

[0257] In some embodiments, the number of the plurality of spreading sequences is equal to 1 / Rb, Rb represents a rate of the first signal, or Rb represents a rate of a signal obtained after encoding the first signal.

[0258] In some embodiments, the length of the plurality of spreading sequences is all 11.

[0259] In some implementations, the first spreading sequence is one of: [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1].

[0260] In some implementations, the first signal is generated based on a first spreading sequence in a set of spreading sequences, and the second signal is generated based on the first spreading sequence, the second signal being a signal obtained by encoding the first signal.

[0261] In some implementations, the second signal is a signal obtained by encoding the first signal in a manner of: inverse non-return-to-zero encoding, Manchester encoding, unipolar return-to-zero encoding, differential bi-phase encoding, Miller encoding, pulse width encoding, or differential encoding.

[0262] FIG. 26 is a structural schematic diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application. The communication device 2600 shown in FIG. 26 can be the second device mentioned above. The communication device 2600 can include a communication module 2610. The communication module 2600 is configured to receive a first PPDU. The first PPDU includes a wideband part and a narrowband part. The narrowband part includes a first signal, and the first signal is generated based on a first spreading sequence in a set of spreading sequences.

[0263] In some implementations, a length of a spreading sequence in the set of spreading sequences is greater than or equal to 11.

[0264] In some implementations, a length of a spreading sequence in the set of spreading sequences is an integer multiple of 11.

[0265] In some implementations, the length of a spreading sequence in the set of spreading sequences includes one or more of: 11, 22, 33, 44.

[0266] In some embodiments, a bandwidth of the first signal satisfies: M≤2×(n+1)×Rb MHz; where M represents the bandwidth of the first signal, n represents the length of the first spreading sequence, and Rb represents a transmission rate of a signal before spreading corresponding to the first signal.

[0267] In some embodiments, the set of spreading sequences includes one or more of the following sequences: [1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0], [1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1], [-1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1].

[0268] In some embodiments, the bandwidth of the first signal is less than or equal to 10 MHz; and / or the bandwidth of the first signal is greater than or equal to 4 MHz.

[0269] In some embodiments, the set of spreading sequences includes one or more of the following sequences: an all-0 sequence; an all-1 sequence; an all- -1 sequence; a second spreading sequence including a first sequence portion and a second sequence portion, the first sequence portion including consecutive x bits each having a first value, the second sequence portion including consecutive y bits each having a second value different from the first value, and a sum of x and y being equal to a length of the second spreading sequence; and a third spreading sequence including a first sequence portion, a second sequence portion, and a third sequence portion arranged in sequence, the first sequence portion including consecutive m bits each having the first value, the second sequence portion including consecutive n bits each having the second value different from the first value, the third sequence portion including consecutive k bits each having the first value, and a sum of x, y, and z being equal to a length of the third spreading sequence.

[0270] In some implementations, the set of spreading sequences includes spreading sequences of length 11, the spreading sequences of length 11 including one or more of: [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1].

[0271] In some implementations, the first signal includes one or more first symbols, a value of a bit corresponding to the one or more first symbols being a non-0 value, and waveforms of the one or more first symbols being not completely same.

[0272] In some implementations, the first signal includes one or more first symbols, a value of a bit corresponding to the one or more first symbols being a non-0 value, and the one or more first symbols satisfying: the one or more first symbols being determined by randomly multiplying one or more second symbols by 1 or -1, wherein the one or more second symbols are generated based on the first spreading sequence; and / or a spreading sequence used for generating each of the one or more first symbols being determined by randomly cyclically shifting the first spreading sequence; and / or the one or more first symbols being determined by cyclically shifting sampling points of one or more third symbols, wherein the one or more third symbols are generated based on the first spreading sequence.

[0273] In some implementations, a transmission rate of the first signal before spreading is less than or equal to 1M bit / s.

[0274] In some implementations, a transmission rate of the first signal before spreading is one of: 1M bit / s, 500K bit / s, 250K bit / s, 125K bit / s, 62.5K bit / s.

[0275] In some embodiments, the first spreading sequence is determined based on one or more of: a transmission rate of the first signal before spreading; a bandwidth of the first signal.

[0276] In some embodiments, the first signal comprises one or more of: a signal in a synchronization field, a signal in a data field, or a signal in a signal field.

[0277] In some embodiments, the spreading sequences in the set of spreading sequences are DSSS sequences.

[0278] In some embodiments, the first signal is an OOK signal.

[0279] In some embodiments, the first device is an AP and the receiving device of the first signal is an AMP device, or the first device is an AMP device and the receiving device of the first signal is an AP.

[0280] In some embodiments, the first signal is generated based on a first spreading sequence in the set of spreading sequences, comprising: the first signal is generated based on a fourth spreading sequence, the fourth spreading sequence is concatenated based on a plurality of spreading sequences, the plurality of spreading sequences comprises the first spreading sequence.

[0281] In some embodiments, the plurality of spreading sequences are all the first spreading sequence, or the plurality of spreading sequences comprise other spreading sequences in the set of spreading sequences except the first spreading sequence.

[0282] In some embodiments, the plurality of spreading sequences have the same length.

[0283] In some embodiments, the number of the plurality of spreading sequences is equal to 1 / Rb, Rb represents a rate of the first signal, or Rb represents a rate of a signal obtained after encoding the first signal.

[0284] In some embodiments, the length of the plurality of spreading sequences is all 11.

[0285] In some embodiments, the first spreading sequence is one of the following: [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1].

[0286] In some embodiments, the first signal is generated based on a first spreading sequence in a set of spreading sequences, and the second signal is generated based on the first spreading sequence, the second signal being a signal obtained by encoding the first signal.

[0287] In some embodiments, the second signal is a signal obtained by encoding the first signal in a manner of reverse non-return-to-zero coding, Manchester coding, unipolar return-to-zero coding, differential bi-phase coding, Miller coding, pulse width coding, or differential coding.

[0288] FIG. 27 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus to which embodiments of the present application can be applied. Dotted lines in FIG. 27 indicate that the unit or module is optional. The apparatus 2700 can be used to implement the methods described in the above method embodiments. The apparatus 2700 can be a chip, a terminal device, or a network device.

[0289] The apparatus 2700 can include one or more processors 2710. The processor 2710 can support the apparatus 2700 to implement the methods described in the foregoing method embodiments. The processor 2710 can be a general purpose processor or a dedicated processor. For example, the processor can be a central processing unit (CPU). Alternatively, the processor can also be other general purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, etc. The general purpose processor can be a microprocessor or the processor can also be any conventional processor.

[0290] The apparatus 2700 can also include one or more memories 2720. The memory 2720 stores programs, which can be executed by the processor 2710, so that the processor 2710 performs the methods described in the foregoing method embodiments. The memory 2720 can be independent of the processor 2710 or integrated in the processor 2710.

[0291] The apparatus 2700 can also include a transceiver 2730. The processor 2710 can communicate with other devices or chips through the transceiver 2730. For example, the processor 2710 can perform data transceiving with other devices or chips through the transceiver 2730.

[0292] The embodiments of the present application also provide a computer readable storage medium for storing programs. The computer readable storage medium can be applied to the communication device provided by the embodiments of the present application, and the programs make the computer execute the methods performed by the communication device in the embodiments of the present application.

[0293] The embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program product. The computer program product includes programs. The computer program product can be applied to the communication device provided by the embodiments of the present application, and the programs make the computer execute the methods performed by the communication device in the embodiments of the present application.

[0294] The embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program. The computer program can be applied to the communication device provided by the embodiments of the present application, and the computer program makes the computer execute the methods performed by the communication device in the embodiments of the present application.

[0295] It should be understood that the terms "system" and "network" can be used interchangeably in this application. In addition, the terms used in this application are only used to explain the specific embodiments of the application, and are not intended to limit the application. The terms "first", "second", "third", and "fourth" and the like in the specification and claims of the application and the drawings are used to distinguish different objects, and are not used to describe a particular order. In addition, the terms "include" and "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0296] In embodiments of the present application, the term "indicate" can be direct indication or indirect indication, or can represent an associated relationship. For example, A indicates B, which can mean that B can be obtained directly through A; or A indirectly indicates B, for example, A indicates C, and B can be obtained through C; or A and B have an associated relationship.

[0297] In embodiments of the present application, "B corresponding to A" means that B is associated with A, and B can be determined according to A. However, it should also be understood that determining B according to A does not mean that B is determined only according to A, but B can also be determined according to A and / or other information.

[0298] In embodiments of the present application, the term "corresponding" can represent a direct or indirect corresponding relationship between the two, or can represent an associated relationship between the two, or can represent an indication and being indicated, configuration and being configured, and the like.

[0299] In embodiments of the present application, "predefined" or "preconfigured" can be achieved by pre-saving corresponding codes, tables or other information that can be used to indicate related information in devices (such as terminal devices and network devices), and the specific implementation of the present application is not limited. For example, predefinition can refer to definition in a protocol.

[0300] In embodiments of the present application, the "protocol" can refer to a standard protocol in the communication field, which can include LTE protocol, NR protocol and related protocols applied to future communication systems, and the present application is not limited thereto.

[0301] In embodiments of the present application, the term "and / or" is only used to describe the association relationship of the associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B, which can mean that A exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this paper generally represents an "or" relationship between the front and rear associated objects.

[0302] In various embodiments of the present application, the size of the serial number of the above processes does not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of the processes should be determined by its function and inherent logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0303] In several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, device and method can be implemented in other manners. For example, the division of the above-described device embodiments is only a logical function division, and there can be another division manner for actual implementation, for example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections between different units, or between the different components, can be indirect couplings or communication connections through some interfaces, devices or units, and can be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0304] The units described as separate components can or can not be physically separate, and the components shown as units can or can not be physical units, i.e., can be located in one place, or can be distributed on multiple network units. Part or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the embodiments.

[0305] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application can be integrated into a processing unit, or each unit can exist physically, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0306] In the above embodiments, all or part of the embodiments can be implemented by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When implemented by software, all or part of the embodiments can be implemented in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present application are generated. The computer can be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer readable storage medium to another computer readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server or data center to another website, computer, server or data center through wired (such as coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) mode. The computer readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be read by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center and the like integrated with one or more available media sets. The available media can be magnetic media (for example, floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), optical media (for example, digital video disc (DVD)) or semiconductor media (for example, solid state disk (SSD)) and the like.

[0307] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical range disclosed in the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A communication method characterized by comprising: Comprising: a first device transmitting a first physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU); wherein the first PPDU comprises a wideband part and a narrowband part, the narrowband part comprises a first signal, and the first signal is generated based on a first spreading sequence in a set of spreading sequences.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, A length of a spreading sequence in the set of spreading sequences is greater than or equal to 11.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, A length of a spreading sequence in the set of spreading sequences is an integer multiple of 11.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, The length of a spreading sequence in the set of spreading sequences comprises one or more of the following: 11, 22, 33, 44.

5. The method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein: a bandwidth of the first signal satisfies: M≤2×(n+1)×Rb MHz; wherein M represents the bandwidth of the first signal, n represents the length of the first spreading sequence, and Rb represents a transmission rate of a signal before spreading corresponding to the first signal.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The set of spreading sequences comprises one or more of the following sequences: [1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0], [1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1], [-1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1].

7. The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein: a bandwidth of the first signal is less than or equal to 10 MHz; and / or a bandwidth of the first signal is greater than or equal to 4 MHz.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The set of spreading sequences comprises one or more of the following sequences: an all-0 sequence; an all-1 sequence; an all- -1 sequence; a second spreading sequence, the second spreading sequence comprises a first sequence part and a second sequence part, the first sequence part comprises consecutive x bits, the second sequence part comprises consecutive y bits, the x bits all have a first value, the y bits all have a second value different from the first value, and a sum of x and y is equal to a length of the second spreading sequence; a third spreading sequence, the third spreading sequence comprises a first sequence part, a second sequence part, and a third sequence part arranged in sequence, the first sequence part comprises consecutive m bits, the second sequence part comprises consecutive n bits, the third sequence part comprises consecutive k bits, the m bits all have a first value, the n bits all have a second value different from the first value, the k bits all have the first value, and a sum of x, y, and z is equal to a length of the third spreading sequence.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The set of spreading sequences includes a length-11 spreading sequence, and the length-11 spreading sequence includes one or more of the following: [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1].

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The first signal includes one or more first symbols, a value of a bit corresponding to the one or more first symbols is a non-0 value, and waveforms of the one or more first symbols are not completely same.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, The first signal includes one or more first symbols, a value of a bit corresponding to the one or more first symbols is a non-0 value, and the one or more first symbols satisfy: The one or more first symbols are determined by randomly multiplying one or more second symbols by 1 or -1, wherein the one or more second symbols are generated based on the first spreading sequence; and / or A spreading sequence used for generating each of the one or more first symbols is determined by randomly performing a cyclic shift on the first spreading sequence; and / or The one or more first symbols are determined by performing a cyclic shift on a sampling point of one or more third symbols, wherein the one or more third symbols are generated based on the first spreading sequence.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein, The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of one of: 1 Mbit / s, 500 Kbit / s, 250 Kbit / s, 125 Kbit / s, 62.5 Kbit / s.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, The first spreading sequence is determined based on one or more of: The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a bandwidth of less than or equal to 500 KHz.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that, The first signal includes one or more of: a signal in a synchronization domain, a signal in a data domain, or a signal in a signal domain.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that, The spreading sequence in the set of spreading sequences is a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) sequence.

17. The method of any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein, The first signal is an on-off keying (OOK) signal.

18. The method of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein: The first device is an access point (AP), and the receiving device of the first signal is an ambient energy (AMP) device; or, The first device is an access point (AP), and the receiving device of the first signal is an ambient energy (AMP) device; or, The first device is an AMP device, and the receiving device of the first signal is an AP.

19. The method of any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein, The first signal is generated based on a first spreading sequence in a set of spreading sequences, including that the first signal is generated based on a fourth spreading sequence, and the fourth spreading sequence is spliced based on a plurality of spreading sequences, and the plurality of spreading sequences include the first spreading sequence.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein, The plurality of spreading sequences are all the first spreading sequence, or the plurality of spreading sequences include other spreading sequences in the set of spreading sequences except the first spreading sequence.

21. The method of claim 19 or 20, wherein, The lengths of the plurality of spreading sequences are the same.

22. The method of any one of claims 19-21, wherein, The number of the plurality of spreading sequences is equal to 1 / Rb, and Rb represents the rate of the first signal, or Rb represents the rate of a signal obtained after the first signal is encoded.

23. The method of any one of claims 19-22, wherein, The lengths of the plurality of spreading sequences are all 11.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein, The first spreading sequence is one of the following: [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1].

25. The method of any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein, The first signal is generated based on a first spreading sequence in a set of spreading sequences, including that the first signal is generated based on a fourth spreading sequence, and the fourth spreading sequence is spliced based on a plurality of spreading sequences, and the plurality of spreading sequences include the first spreading sequence.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein, The second signal is a signal obtained by encoding the first signal in the following encoding manner: reverse non-return-to-zero encoding, Manchester encoding, unipolar return-to-zero encoding, differential bipolar encoding, Miller encoding, pulse width encoding, or differential encoding.

27. A method of communication, comprising: It includes: The second device receives a first physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU); The first PPDU includes a wideband part and a narrowband part, the narrowband part includes a first signal, and the first signal is generated based on a first spreading sequence in a set of spreading sequences.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein, The length of the spreading sequence in the set of spreading sequences is greater than or equal to 11.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein, The length of the spreading sequence in the set of spreading sequences is an integer multiple of 11.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein, The length of the spreading sequence in the set of spreading sequences includes one or more of the following: 11, 22, 33, 44.

31. The method of any one of claims 27 to 30, characterized in that: The bandwidth of the first signal satisfies: M≤2×(n+1)×Rb MHz; wherein M represents a bandwidth of the first signal, n represents a length of the first spreading sequence, and R b represents a transmission rate of a signal corresponding to the first signal before spreading.

32. The method of any one of claims 27-31, wherein, The set of spreading sequences comprises one or more of the following sequences: [1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0], [1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1], [-1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1].

33. The method of any one of claims 27-31, wherein: the bandwidth of the first signal is less than or equal to 10 MHz; and / or the bandwidth of the first signal is greater than or equal to 4 MHz.

34. The method of any one of claims 27-31, wherein, The set of spreading sequences comprises one or more of the following sequences: an all-0 sequence; an all-1 sequence; an all- -1 sequence; a second spreading sequence, the second spreading sequence comprising a first sequence portion and a second sequence portion, the first sequence portion comprising consecutive x bits, the second sequence portion comprising consecutive y bits, the x bits each having a first value, the y bits each having a second value different from the first value, and a sum of x and y being equal to a length of the second spreading sequence; a third spreading sequence, the third spreading sequence comprising a first sequence portion, a second sequence portion, and a third sequence portion arranged in sequence, the first sequence portion comprising consecutive m bits, the second sequence portion comprising consecutive n bits, the third sequence portion comprising consecutive k bits, the m bits each having a first value, the n bits each having a second value different from the first value, the k bits each having the first value, and a sum of x, y, and z being equal to a length of the third spreading sequence.

35. The method of any one of claims 27-31, wherein, The set of spreading sequences comprises a length-11 spreading sequence, the length-11 spreading sequence comprising one or more of the following: [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1].

36. The method of any one of claims 27-35, wherein, The first signal comprises one or more first symbols, a value of a bit corresponding to the one or more first symbols is a non-0 value, and waveforms of the one or more first symbols are not completely same.

37. The method of any one of claims 27-36, wherein, The first signal comprises one or more first symbols, a value of a bit corresponding to the one or more first symbols is a non-0 value, and the one or more first symbols satisfy: The one or more first symbols are determined by randomly multiplying one or more second symbols by 1 or -1, wherein the one or more second symbols are generated based on the first spreading sequence; and / or A spreading sequence used for generating each of the one or more first symbols is determined by randomly cyclically shifting the first spreading sequence; and / or The one or more first symbols are determined by cyclically shifting sampling points of one or more third symbols, wherein the one or more third symbols are generated based on the first spreading sequence.

38. The method of any one of claims 27-37, wherein, The first signal has a transmission rate less than or equal to 1M bit / s before spreading.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein, The first signal has a transmission rate of one of the following: 1M bit / s, 500K bit / s, 250K bit / s, 125K bit / s, and 62.5K bit / s before spreading.

40. The method of any one of claims 27-39, wherein, The first spreading sequence is determined based on one or more of the following: The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading; The first signal has a bandwidth.

41. The method of any one of claims 27-40, wherein, The first signal comprises one or more of the following: a signal in a synchronization domain, a signal in a data domain, or a signal in a signal domain.

42. The method of any one of claims 27-41, wherein, The spreading sequences in the set of spreading sequences are direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) sequences.

43. The method of any one of claims 27-42, wherein, The first signal is an on-off keying (OOK) signal.

44. The method of any one of claims 27-43, wherein: The first device is an access point (AP), and the receiving device of the first signal is an ambient power (AMP) device; or The first device is an AMP device, and the receiving device of the first signal is an AP.

45. The method of any one of claims 27-44, wherein, The first signal is generated based on a first spreading sequence in the set of spreading sequences, comprising: the first signal is generated based on a fourth spreading sequence, the fourth spreading sequence is spliced based on a plurality of spreading sequences, and the plurality of spreading sequences comprise the first spreading sequence.

46. The method of claim 45, wherein, The plurality of spreading sequences are all the first spreading sequence, or the plurality of spreading sequences comprise other spreading sequences in the set of spreading sequences except the first spreading sequence.

47. The method of claim 45 or 46, wherein, The plurality of spreading sequences have the same length.

48. The method of any one of claims 45-47, wherein, A number of the plurality of spreading sequences is equal to 1 / Rb, and Rb represents a rate of the first signal, or Rb represents a rate of a signal obtained after encoding the first signal.

49. The method of any one of claims 45-48, wherein, The plurality of spreading sequences all have a length of 11.

50. The method of claim 49, wherein, The first spreading sequence is one of the following: [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1].

51. The method of any one of claims 27-50, wherein, The first signal is generated based on a first spreading sequence in the set of spreading sequences, and the second signal is generated based on the first spreading sequence, the second signal being a signal obtained by encoding the first signal.

52. The method of claim 51, wherein, The second signal is a signal obtained by encoding the first signal in the following encoding manner: reverse non-return-to-zero encoding, Manchester encoding, unipolar return-to-zero encoding, differential bi-phase encoding, Miller encoding, pulse width encoding, or differential encoding.

53. A communications device, characterized by The communication device is a first device, and the communication device includes: a communication module, configured to send a first physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU); The first PPDU includes a wideband part and a narrowband part, the narrowband part includes a first signal, and the first signal is generated based on a first spreading sequence in a set of spreading sequences.

54. The communication device of claim 53, wherein, The length of the spreading sequence in the set of spreading sequences is greater than or equal to 11.

55. The communication device of claim 54, wherein, The length of the spreading sequence in the set of spreading sequences is an integer multiple of 11.

56. The communication device of claim 55, wherein, The length of the spreading sequence in the set of spreading sequences includes one or more of the following: 11, 22, 33, 44.

57. The communication device of any of claims 53 to 56, wherein: The bandwidth of the first signal satisfies: M≤2×(n+1)×Rb MHz; wherein M represents the bandwidth of the first signal, n represents the length of the first spreading sequence, and Rb represents the transmission rate of a signal before spreading corresponding to the first signal.

58. The communication device of any one of claims 53-57, wherein, The set of spreading sequences includes one or more of the following sequences: [1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0], [1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1], [-1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1].

59. The communication device of any of claims 53 to 57, wherein: The bandwidth of the first signal is less than or equal to 10 MHz; and / or The bandwidth of the first signal is greater than or equal to 4 MHz.

60. The communication device of any one of claims 53-57, wherein, The set of spreading sequences includes one or more of the following sequences: an all-0 sequence; an all-1 sequence; an all- -1 sequence; a second spreading sequence, the second spreading sequence comprising a first sequence part and a second sequence part, the first sequence part comprising consecutive x bits, the second sequence part comprising consecutive y bits, the x bits each having a first value, the y bits each having a second value different from the first value, and a sum of x and y being equal to a length of the second spreading sequence; a third spreading sequence, the third spreading sequence comprising a first sequence part, a second sequence part, and a third sequence part arranged in sequence, the first sequence part comprising consecutive m bits, the second sequence part comprising consecutive n bits, the third sequence part comprising consecutive k bits, the m bits each having a first value, the n bits each having a second value different from the first value, the k bits each having the first value, and a sum of x, y, and z being equal to a length of the third spreading sequence.

61. The communication device of any one of claims 53-57, wherein, The set of spreading sequences comprises spreading sequences of length 11, the spreading sequences of length 11 comprising one or more of the following: [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1].

62. The communication device of any one of claims 53-61, wherein, The first signal comprises one or more first symbols, the one or more first symbols corresponding to bits having a non-0 value, and waveforms of the one or more first symbols being not completely identical.

63. The communication device of claim 62, wherein, The first signal comprises one or more first symbols, the one or more first symbols corresponding to bits having a non-0 value, and the one or more first symbols satisfying: The one or more first symbols are determined by randomly multiplying one or more second symbols by 1 or -1, wherein the one or more second symbols are generated based on the first spreading sequence; and / or A spreading sequence used for generating each of the one or more first symbols is determined by randomly cyclically shifting the first spreading sequence; and / or The one or more first symbols are determined by cyclically shifting sampling points of one or more third symbols, wherein the one or more third symbols are generated based on the first spreading sequence.

64. The communication device of any one of claims 53-63, wherein, The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s.

65. The communication device of claim 64, wherein, The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of one of: 1 Mbit / s, 500 Kbit / s, 250 Kbit / s, 125 Kbit / s, 62.5 Kbit / s.

66. The communication device of any one of claims 53-65, wherein, The first spreading sequence is determined based on one or more of: The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s.

67. The communication device of any one of claims 53-66, wherein, The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of one of: 1 Mbit / s, 500 Kbit / s, 250 Kbit / s, 125 Kbit / s, 62.5 Kbit / s.

68. The communication device of any one of claims 53-67, wherein, The first spreading sequence is determined based on one or more of:

69. The communication device of any one of claims 53-68, wherein, The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of one of: 1 Mbit / s, 500 Kbit / s, 250 Kbit / s, 125 Kbit / s, 62.5 Kbit / s. The first spreading sequence is determined based on one or more of:

71. The communication device of any one of claims 53-70, wherein, The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s.

72. The communication device of claim 71, wherein, The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s.

73. The communication device of claim 71 or 72, wherein, The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of one of: 1 Mbit / s, 500 Kbit / s, 250 Kbit / s, 125 Kbit / s, 62.5 Kbit / s.

74. The communication device of any one of claims 71 to 73, wherein, The first spreading sequence is determined based on one or more of:

75. The communication device of any one of claims 71 to 74, wherein, The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s.

76. The communication device of claim 75, wherein, The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of one of: 1 Mbit / s, 500 Kbit / s, 250 Kbit / s, 125 Kbit / s, 62.5 Kbit / s. The first spreading sequence is determined based on one or more of: The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of one of: 1 Mbit / s, 500 Kbit / s, 250 Kbit / s, 125 Kbit / s, 62.5 Kbit / s. The first spreading sequence is determined based on one or more of: The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of one of: 1 Mbit / s, 500 Kbit / s, 250 Kbit / s, 125 Kbit / s, 62.5 Kbit / s. The first spreading sequence is determined based on one or more of: The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of one of: 1 Mbit / s, 500 Kbit / s, 250 Kbit / s, 125 Kbit / s, 62.5 Kbit / s. The first spreading sequence is determined based on one or more of: The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of one of: 1 Mbit / s, 500 Kbit / s, 250 Kbit / s, 125 Kbit / s, 62.5 Kbit / s. The first spreading sequence is determined based on one or more of: The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of one of: 1 Mbit / s, 500 Kbit / s, 250 Kbit / s, 125 Kbit / s, 62.5 Kbit / s. The first spreading sequence is determined based on one or more of: The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of one of: 1 Mbit / s, 500 Kbit / s, 250 Kbit / s, 125 Kbit / s, 62.5 Kbit / s. The first spreading sequence is determined based on one or more of: The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of one of: 1 Mbit / s, 500 Kbit / s, 250 Kbit / s, 125 Kbit / s, 62.5 Kbit / s. The first spreading sequence is determined based on one or more of: The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of one of: 1 Mbit / s, 500 Kbit / s, 250 Kbit / s, 125 Kbit / s, 62.5 Kbit / s. The first spreading sequence is determined based on one or more of: The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of one of: 1 Mbit / s, 500 Kbit / s, 250 Kbit / s, 125 Kbit / s, 62.5 Kbit / s. The first spreading sequence is determined based on one or more of: The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of one of: 1 Mbit / s, 500 Kbit / s, 250 Kbit / s, 125 Kbit / s, 62.5 Kbit / s. The first spreading sequence is determined based on one or more of: The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of one of: 1 Mbit / s, 500 Kbit / s, 250 Kbit / s, 125 Kbit / s, 62.5 Kbit / s. The first spreading sequence is determined based on one or more of: The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of one of: 1 Mbit / s, 500 Kbit / s, 250 Kbit / s, 125 Kbit / s, 62.5 Kbit / s. The first spreading sequence is determined based on one or more of: The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of one of: 1 Mbit / s, 500 Kbit / s, 250 Kbit / s, 125 Kbit / s, 62.5 Kbit / s. The first spreading sequence is determined based on one or more of: The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of one of: 1 Mbit / s, 500 Kbit / s, 250 Kbit / s, 125 Kbit / s, 62.5 Kbit / s. The first spreading sequence is determined based on one or more of: The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of one of: 1 Mbit / s, 500 Kbit / s, 250 Kbit / s, 125 Kbit / s, 62.5 Kbit / s. The first spreading sequence is determined based on one or more of: The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less 77. The communication device of any one of claims 53-76, wherein, The first signal is generated based on a first spreading sequence in a set of spreading sequences, and the second signal is generated based on the first spreading sequence.

78. The communication device of claim 77, wherein, The second signal is a signal obtained by encoding the first signal in a manner of reverse non-return-to-zero coding, Manchester coding, unipolar return-to-zero coding, differential bi-phase coding, Miller coding, pulse width coding, or differential coding.

79. A communications device, characterized by The communication device is a second device, and the communication device includes: a communication module, configured to receive a first physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU); The first PPDU includes a wideband part and a narrowband part, the narrowband part includes the first signal, and the first signal is generated based on a first spreading sequence in a set of spreading sequences.

80. The communication device of claim 79, wherein, The length of the spreading sequence in the set of spreading sequences is greater than or equal to 11.

81. The communication device of claim 80, wherein, The length of the spreading sequence in the set of spreading sequences is an integer multiple of 11.

82. The communication device of claim 81, wherein, The length of the spreading sequence in the set of spreading sequences includes one or more of the following: 11, 22, 33, 44.

83. The communication device of any of claims 79 to 82, wherein: The bandwidth of the first signal satisfies: M≤2×(n+1)×Rb MHz; wherein M represents the bandwidth of the first signal, n represents the length of the first spreading sequence, and Rb represents the transmission rate of a signal before spreading corresponding to the first signal.

84. The communication device of any one of claims 79 to 83, wherein, The set of spreading sequences includes one or more of the following sequences: [1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0], [1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1], and [-1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1].

85. The communication device of any of claims 79 to 83, wherein: The bandwidth of the first signal is less than or equal to 10 MHz; and / or The bandwidth of the first signal is greater than or equal to 4 MHz.

86. The communication device of any one of claims 79 to 83, wherein, The set of spreading sequences includes one or more of the following sequences: an all-0 sequence; an all-1 sequence; an all- -1 sequence; a second spreading sequence, the second spreading sequence including a first sequence part and a second sequence part, the first sequence part including consecutive x bits, the second sequence part including consecutive y bits, the x bits each having a first value, the y bits each having a second value different from the first value, and a sum of x and y being equal to a length of the second spreading sequence; a third spreading sequence, the third spreading sequence including a first sequence part, a second sequence part, and a third sequence part arranged in sequence, the first sequence part including consecutive m bits, the second sequence part including consecutive n bits, the third sequence part including consecutive k bits, the m bits each having a first value, the n bits each having a second value different from the first value, the k bits each having the first value, and a sum of x, y, and z being equal to a length of the third spreading sequence.

87. The communication device of any one of claims 79 to 83, wherein, The set of spreading sequences comprises spreading sequences of length 11, the spreading sequences of length 11 comprising one or more of: [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1].

88. The communication device of any one of claims 79 to 87, wherein, The first signal comprises one or more first symbols, a value of a bit corresponding to the one or more first symbols being a non-0 value, and waveforms of the one or more first symbols being not completely same.

89. The communication device of any one of claims 79 to 88, wherein, The first signal comprises one or more first symbols, a value of a bit corresponding to the one or more first symbols being a non-0 value, and the one or more first symbols satisfying: The one or more first symbols are determined by randomly multiplying one or more second symbols by 1 or -1, wherein the one or more second symbols are generated based on the first spreading sequence; and / or A spreading sequence used for generating each of the one or more first symbols is determined by randomly cyclically shifting the first spreading sequence; and / or The one or more first symbols are determined by cyclically shifting sampling points of one or more third symbols, wherein the one or more third symbols are generated based on the first spreading sequence.

90. The communication device of any one of claims 79 to 89, wherein, The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s.

91. The communications device of claim 66, wherein The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of one of: 1 Mbit / s, 500 Kbit / s, 250 Kbit / s, 125 Kbit / s, 62.5 Kbit / s.

92. The communication device of any one of claims 79 to 91, wherein, The first spreading sequence is determined based on one or more of: The first signal has a transmission rate before spreading of less than or equal to 1 Mbit / s. The first signal has a bandwidth of less than or equal to 500 KHz.

93. The communication device of any one of claims 79 to 92, wherein, The first signal comprises one or more of: a signal in a synchronization domain, a signal in a data domain, or a signal in a signal domain.

94. The communication device of any one of claims 79 to 93, wherein, The spreading sequence in the set of spreading sequences is a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) sequence.

95. The communication device of any one of claims 79 to 94, wherein, The first signal is an on-off keying (OOK) signal.

96. The communication device of any one of claims 79 to 95, wherein: The first device is an access point (AP), and the receiving device of the first signal is an ambient energy (AMP) device; or The first device is an AMP device, and the receiving device of the first signal is an AP.

97. The communication device of any one of claims 79 to 96, wherein, The first signal is generated based on a first spreading sequence in a set of spreading sequences, and the generating comprises: the first signal is generated based on a fourth spreading sequence, the fourth spreading sequence is spliced based on a plurality of spreading sequences, and the plurality of spreading sequences comprise the first spreading sequence.

98. The communication device of claim 97, wherein, The plurality of spreading sequences are all the first spreading sequence, or the plurality of spreading sequences comprise other spreading sequences in the set of spreading sequences except the first spreading sequence.

99. The communication device of claim 97 or 98, wherein, The plurality of spreading sequences have the same length.

100. The communication device of any one of claims 97-99, wherein, The number of the plurality of spreading sequences is equal to 1 / Rb, and Rb represents the rate of the first signal, or Rb represents the rate of a signal obtained after the first signal is encoded.

101. The communication device of any one of claims 97-100, wherein, The length of the plurality of spreading sequences is 11.

102. The communication device of claim 101, wherein, The first spreading sequence is one of the following: [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1].

103. The communication device of any one of claims 79 to 102, wherein, The first signal is generated based on a first spreading sequence in a set of spreading sequences, and the generating comprises: the first signal is generated based on a fourth spreading sequence, the fourth spreading sequence is spliced based on a plurality of spreading sequences, and the plurality of spreading sequences comprise the first spreading sequence.

104. The communication device of claim 103, wherein, The second signal is a signal obtained by encoding the first signal in the following encoding manner: reverse non-return-to-zero encoding, Manchester encoding, unipolar return-to-zero encoding, differential bi-phase encoding, Miller encoding, pulse width encoding, or differential encoding.

105. A communications device, characterized by The communication device comprises a transceiver, a memory, and a processor, the memory is used to store a program, the processor is used to call the program in the memory, and control the transceiver to receive or send a signal, so that the communication device executes the method in any one of claims 1 to 52.

106. An apparatus, comprising: The device comprises a processor, which is used to call a program from a memory, so that the device executes the method in any one of claims 1 to 52.

107. A chip, comprising: The chip comprises a processor, which is used to call a program from a memory, so that the device installed with the chip executes the method in any one of claims 1 to 52.

108. A computer readable storage medium, characterized in that, A computer program product comprising a computer readable medium having stored thereon a computer program, said computer program causing a computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 52.

109. A computer program product, characterized in that, A computer program product comprising a computer readable medium having stored thereon a computer program, said computer program causing a computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 52.

110. A computer program characterised in that, A computer program product comprising a computer readable medium having stored thereon a computer program, said computer program causing a computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 52.

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