Methods and apparatus for internet-of-things signal transmission in mobile communications
The proposed IoT signal transmission schemes address the challenge of determining reader capability in 5G NR environments by enabling capability reports and transmissions, enhancing IoT signal transmission efficiency and network interference management.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-12
Smart Images

Figure CN2025117277_12032026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR INTERNET-OF-THINGS SIGNAL TRANSMISSION IN MOBILE COMMUNICATIONSCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION (S)
[0001] The present disclosure is part of a non-provisional application claiming the priority benefit of PCT Application No. PCT / CN2024 / 117583, filed 06 September 2024, the content of which herein being incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure is generally related to mobile communications and, more particularly, to Internet of Things (IoT) signal transmission with respect to apparatus and network node in mobile communications.BACKGROUND
[0003] Unless otherwise indicated herein, approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims listed below and are not admitted as prior art by inclusion in this section.
[0004] Wireless communication systems may be widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may use multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple-access technologies may include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
[0005] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and even global level. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR) . 5G NR is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with Internet of Things (IoT) ) , and other requirements. Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G long-term evolution (LTE) standard. There exists a need for further improvements in 5G NR technology. These improvements may also be applicable to other multi-access technologies and the telecommunication standards that employ these technologies.
[0006] Particularly, for an ambient IoT (A-IoT) system, an apparatus may act as an A-IoT reader under the network control for transmitting or receiving data to or from one or more A-IoT devices, and / or transmitting a carrier wave (CW) to one or more A-IoT devices.
[0007] Accordingly, how to determine the reader capability of an apparatus in the wireless communication environments, such as 5G NR, becomes an important issue for the newly developed wireless communication network.SUMMARY
[0008] The following summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. That is, the following summary is provided to introduce concepts, highlights, benefits, and advantages of the novel and non-obvious techniques described herein. Select implementations are further described below in the detailed description. Thus, the following summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0009] One objective of the present disclosure is to propose schemes, concepts, designs, systems, methods, and apparatus pertaining to Internet of Things (IoT) signal transmission with respect to apparatus (e.g., a reader) , network node, and IoT device in mobile communications. It is believed that the above-described issue would be avoided or otherwise alleviated by implementing one or more of the proposed schemes described herein.
[0010] In one aspect, a method may involve an apparatus transmitting a capability report of a reader capability to a network node. The method may also involve the apparatus determining whether to enable the reader capability according to an indication from the network node or according to a factor set. The method may further involve the apparatus performing a reader-to-device (R2D) transmission, a device-to-reader (D2R) transmission, or a carrier wave (CW) transmission with an IoT device in an event that the reader capability is enabled.
[0011] In another aspect, a method may involve a network node receiving a capability report of a reader capability and a factor set from a user equipment (UE) . The method may also involve the network node determining whether to enable the reader capability according to the factor set. The method may further involve the network node transmitting an indication to enable the reader capability of the UE to the UE for an R2D transmission, a D2R transmission, or a CW transmission between the UE and an IoT device.
[0012] It is noteworthy that, although description provided herein may be in the context of certain radio access technologies, networks and network topologies such as 5th Generation System (5GS) and 4G EPS mobile networking, the proposed concepts, schemes and any variation (s) / derivative (s) thereof may be implemented in, for and by other types of wireless and wired communication technologies, networks and network topologies such as, for example and without limitation, Ethernet, Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) , E-UTRAN, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) , General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) / Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution (EDGE) Radio Access Network (GERAN) , Long-Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced, LTE-Advanced Pro, IoT, Industrial IoT (IIoT) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , 6th Generation (6G) , and any future-developed networking technologies. Thus, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the examples described herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of the present disclosure. The drawings illustrate implementations of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It is appreciable that the drawings are not necessarily in scale as some components may be shown to be out of proportion than the size in actual implementation in order to clearly illustrate the concept of the present disclosure.
[0014] FIG. 1 is a diagram depicting an example scenario of a communication environment in which various solutions and schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0015] FIG. 2 is a diagram depicting an example scenario for an A-IoT topology in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 3 is a diagram depicting another example scenario for an A-IoT topology in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 4 is a diagram depicting another example scenario for an A-IoT topology in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 5 is a diagram depicting another example scenario for an A-IoT topology in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 6 is a diagram depicting an example scenario for enabling a reader capability in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure.
[0020] FIG. 7 is a diagram depicting another example scenario for enabling a reader capability in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure.
[0021] FIG. 8 is a diagram depicting another example scenario for enabling resource scheduling for the CW transmission in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an example communication system in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0023] FIG. 10 is a flowchart of an example process in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 11 is a flowchart of an example process in accordance with another implementation of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED IMPLEMENTATIONS
[0025] Detailed embodiments and implementations of the claimed subject matters are disclosed herein. However, it shall be understood that the disclosed embodiments and implementations are merely illustrative of the claimed subject matters which may be embodied in various forms. The present disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments and implementations set forth herein. Rather, these exemplary embodiments and implementations are provided so that description of the present disclosure is thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. In the description below, details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the presented embodiments and implementations. Overview
[0026] Implementations in accordance with the present disclosure relate to various techniques, methods, schemes, and / or solutions pertaining to Internet of Things (IoT) signal transmission with respect to user equipment and network apparatus in mobile communications. According to the present disclosure, a number of possible solutions may be implemented separately or jointly. That is, although these possible solutions may be described below separately, two or more of these possible solutions may be implemented in one combination or another.
[0027] FIG. 1 illustrates an example scenario 100 of a communication environment in which various solutions and schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented. Scenario 100 involves a UE 110 in wireless communication with a network 120 (e.g., a wireless network including an NTN and a TN) via a terrestrial network node 125 (e.g., an evolved Node-B (eNB) , a Next Generation Node-B (gNB) , or a transmission / reception point (TRP) ) and / or a non-terrestrial network node 128 (e.g., a satellite) . For example, the terrestrial network node 125 and / or the non-terrestrial network node 128 may form a non-terrestrial network (NTN) serving cell for wireless communication with the UE 110. In some implementations, the UE 110 may be an IoT device such as an NB-IoT UE or an enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) UE (e.g., a bandwidth reduced low complexity (BL) UE or a coverage enhancement (CE) UE) . In such a communication environment, the UE 110, the network 120, the terrestrial network node 125, and the non-terrestrial network node 128 may implement various schemes pertaining to improved IoT signal transmission procedure in accordance with the present disclosure, as described below. It is noteworthy that, while the various proposed schemes may be individually or separately described below, in actual implementations, some or all of the proposed schemes may be utilized or otherwise implemented jointly. Of course, each of the proposed schemes may be utilized or otherwise implemented individually or separately.
[0028] According to the implementations of the present disclosure, an IoT system (e.g., an ambient IoT (A-IoT) system) may be deployed in-band, in guard band, and / or standalone with a legacy cellular system. According to the implementations of the present disclosure, the interference issue between the A-IoT system and the cellular system can be handled. Specifically, an A-IoT system may at least comprise a reader-to-device (R2D) transmission (i.e., the transmission from the reader to the IoT device) and a device-to-reader (D2R) transmission (i.e., the transmission from the IoT device to the reader) . In addition, if the D2R transmission is based on the backscattering of a carrier wave (CW) , there may be a CW emitter-to-device (CW2R) transmission. In some implementations, the CW emitter may be the reader (e.g., reader of FIG. 3 and reader of FIG. 5) . In some implementations, the CW emitter may be another device different from the reader (e.g., the emitter of FIG. 2 and the emitter of FIG. 4) . According to the implementations of the present disclosure, a power control method is designed to determine the transmission power of the CW2D transmission and / or R2D transmission.
[0029] FIG. 2 illustrates an example scenario 200 for an A-IoT topology in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure. Scenario 200 involves an emitter, an A-IoT device (e.g., a tag) and a network node (e.g., a (macro / micro) base station) which may be a part of a wireless network (e.g., an LTE network, a 5G / NR network, an IoT network or a 6G network) . Referring to FIG. 2, the A-IoT topology may comprise a network node (i.e., a reader of IoT communication) and an A-IoT device. In addition, there may be an emitter (or carrier wave (CW) emitter) to provide a CW to the A-IoT device.
[0030] The network node may transmit an A-IoT downlink (DL) (or forward link) signal to the A-IoT device. The A-IoT device may transmit an A-IoT uplink (UL) (or backward link) signal to the network node via backscattering. The backscattering may be performed based on the CW provided by the emitter. The A-IoT DL signal transmitted to the A-IoT device may be used to communicate with the A-IoT device or to provide scheduling to the A-IoT device. The A-IoT device may use the CW for backscattering. Specifically, the A-IoT device may modulate the CW with its data.
[0031] As shown in FIG. 2, there may be a communication link between the network node and the emitter. The communication link may be a wired link or a wireless link for delivering signaling between the network node and the emitter. The network node may transmit the scheduling or control information for the CW provision through the communication link. For example, the network node may transmit the signaling (e.g., scheduling or control information) to the emitter through the Uu interface (i.e., the communication link) for scheduling the resource and power for the CW transmission.
[0032] FIG. 3 illustrates another example scenario 300 for an A-IoT topology in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure. Scenario 300 involves an A-IoT device (e.g., a tag) and a network node (e.g., a (macro / micro) base station) which may be a part of a wireless network (e.g., an LTE network, a 5G / NR network, an IoT network or a 6G network) . Referring to FIG. 3, the A-IoT topology may comprise a network node (i.e., a reader of IoT communication) and an A-IoT device. In addition, in this A-IoT topology, the network node may provide a CW to the A-IoT device (i.e., the network node comprises the emitter function) .
[0033] As shown in FIG. 3, the network node may transmit an A-IoT DL signal to the A-IoT device, and the A-IoT device may transmit an A-IoT UL signal to the network node via backscattering. The backscattering may be performed based on the incoming CW provided by the network node. The A-IoT DL signal transmitted to the A-IoT device may comprise the information or commands for the A-IoT device. The network node may transmit the CW to the A-IoT device. The A-IoT device may reflect the incident CW from the network node. Specifically, the A-IoT device may add its own information (e.g., varying the reflection properties of its antenna / circuity, effectively modulating the signal) or data onto the CW, and transmit the CW to the network node by backscattering. The network node may receive the backscattered signal from the A-IoT device, i.e., the A-IoT UL signal, which may contain the data from the A-IoT device.
[0034] FIG. 4 illustrates another example scenario 400 for an A-IoT topology in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure. Scenario 400 involves a reader (e.g., a UE or a UE reader) , an A-IoT device (e.g., a tag) , an emitter (e.g., a CW emitter or a UE emitter) and a network node (e.g., a (macro / micro) base station) which may be a part of a wireless network (e.g., an LTE network, a 5G / NR network, an IoT network or a 6G network) . Referring to FIG. 4, the A-IoT topology may comprise a network node, a UE reader, and an A-IoT device. In addition, a UE emitter may be configured to provide the CW to the A-IoT device.
[0035] Referring to FIG. 4, the network node may transmit a signal to the UE reader via the Uu interface. The signal may comprise the scheduling information for the behavior of the UE reader. For example, the network node may schedule the resource for the UE reader to transmit an A-IoT DL signal to the A-IoT device. The scheduling may be performed via higher-layer signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) , medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) ) or layer 1 (L1) signaling (e.g., downlink control information (DCI) ) . In an example, the network node may transmit a configuration to the UE reader to indicate a resource for the UE reader to transmit an A-IoT DL signal to the IoT device and receive an A-IoT UL signal from the A-IoT device via a higher-layer signaling or an L1 signaling.
[0036] The A-IoT device may modulate the CW with its own data by reflecting the CW and adjusting (or altering) its properties to encode the information of the A-IoT device. The A-IoT device may transmit an A-IoT UL signal back to the UE reader via the backscattering of the modulated CW. The UE reader may receive the A-IoT UL signal which contains the data from the A-IoT device.
[0037] The link between the network node and the UE emitter (e.g., wired or wireless) may be used for delivering the signaling between the network node and the UE emitter. The signaling between the network node and the UE emitter may comprise coordination for the provision of the CW to the A-IoT device, e.g., the resource allocation. The link between the UE reader and the UE emitter may be used for delivering the signaling between the UE reader and the UE emitter. The signaling between the UE reader and the UE emitter may coordinate the provision of the CW to the A-IoT device, e.g., the resource allocation.
[0038] FIG. 5 illustrates another example scenario 500 for an A-IoT topology in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure. Scenario 500 involves a reader (e.g., a UE or a UE reader) , an A-IoT device (e.g., a tag) and a network node (e.g., a (macro / micro) base station) which may be a part of a wireless network (e.g., an LTE network, a 5G / NR network, an IoT network or a 6G network) . Referring to FIG. 5, the A-IoT topology may comprise a network node, a UE reader, and an A-IoT device. In addition, in the A-IoT topology, the UE reader may provide a CW to the A-IoT device (i.e., the UE reader may comprise the emitter function) .
[0039] The network node may transmit a signal to the UE reader via the Uu interface to schedule the behavior of the UE reader. The scheduling signal may comprise the information about when the UE reader should transmit CW to the A-IoT device, when the UE reader should listen for the A-IoT UL signal from the A-IoT device, and when the UE reader should transmit the A-IoT DL signal to the A-IoT device. The UE reader may transmit an A-IoT DL signal to the A-IoT device. The transmission of the A-IoT DL signal can be based on the scheduling determined by the network node or based on a determination made by the UE reader itself. The A-IoT DL signal may comprise data or commands for the A-IoT device. Upon receiving the A-IoT DL signal, the A-IoT device may transmit an A-IoT UL signal back to the UE reader via backscattering of the CW which is provided by the UE reader. In backscattering communication, the A-IoT device may modulate the incident CW with its own data and reflect the modulated CW back towards the UE reader.
[0040] According to the implementations of the present disclosure, an apparatus (e.g., a reader (e.g., the UE 110) for different IoT topologies) may transmit a capability report of a reader capability to a network node (e.g., terrestrial network node 125) . Then, the apparatus may determine whether to enable the reader capability according to an indication from the network node or according to a factor set. In an implementation, the apparatus may transmit the determination of enabling the reader capability to the network node. Then, the apparatus may perform an R2D transmission, a D2R transmission, or a CW transmission with an IoT device in an event that the reader capability is enabled.
[0041] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the factor set may comprise at least one of a parameter of a distance or pathloss between the apparatus and the network node, a parameter of a proximity determination regarding the IoT device, a parameter of a maximum transmission (Tx) power of the apparatus, and a parameter of a distance or pathloss between the apparatus and at least one IoT device.
[0042] Specifically, according to the implementations of the present disclosure, the IoT reader (or A-IoT reader) may be a function and / or capability of the apparatus (e.g., the A-IoT topologies of FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the UE may be the reader) . The apparatus may report its capability to the network node through the RRC signaling after the RRC connection between the apparatus and the network node has been established. Based on the capability report, the network node may configure (or pre-configure) and / or indicate whether the A-IoT reader capability of the apparatus is enabled based on a factor set. The factor set may comprise one or more than one parameter of the distance or pathloss between the apparatus and the network node, the proximity determination regarding IoT device (or IoT devices) at the apparatus side (e.g., the number of IoT devices determined as near to the apparatus) , the maximum transmission (Tx) power of the apparatus, and the distance or pathloss between the apparatus and one or more than one IoT device. For example, in order to increase the coverage from the network node to the IoT device, the criteria for the apparatus being an IoT reader may be the distance or pathloss between the apparatus and the network node. Specifically, in an example, in an event that the apparatus has the longest distance and / or the largest pathloss between the apparatus and the network node, and / or in an event that the apparatus is on the cell edge, the apparatus may be indicated and / or configured (or pre-configured) as an IoT reader. In another example, in an event that the apparatus has a distance and / or a pathloss larger than a threshold, the apparatus may be indicated and / or configured (or pre-configured) as an IoT reader. In another example, after the proximity determination, in an event that the number of IoT devices determined as near to the apparatus is below a threshold, the UE may not be indicated and / or configured (or pre-configured) as an IoT reader until the next IoT reader indication and / or the next configuration (or pre-configuration) . That is, in an event that the number of IoT devices determined as near to the apparatus is above a threshold, the apparatus may be indicated and / or configured (or pre-configured) as an IoT reader until the next IoT reader indication and / or the next configuration (or pre-configuration) . In another example, the top N apparatus (s) with the most IoT devices determined as near may be indicated and / or configured (or pre-configured) as an IoT reader until the next IoT reader indication and / or the next configuration (or pre-configuration) . Other apparatus (s) may not be indicated and / or configured (or pre-configured) as an IoT reader until the next IoT reader indication and / or the next configuration (or pre-configuration) . In another example, in an event that the IoT device (s) determined as near to an apparatus (e.g., UE1) is a sub-set, or the IoT device (s) is included by the IoT device (s) determined as near to another apparatus (e.g., UE2) , the UE 1 may not be indicated and / or configured (or pre-configured) as an IoT reader until the next IoT reader indication and / or the next configuration (or pre-configuration) , and the UE 2 may still be indicated and / or configured (or pre-configured) as an IoT reader until the next IoT reader indication and / or the next configuration (or pre-configuration) .
[0043] In addition, according to an implementation of the present disclosure, the apparatus may autonomously enable the IoT reader capability based on itself. In this implementation, the apparatus may need to report two information to the network node. One information may indicate the UE capability of an IoT reader, e.g., indicate whether the apparatus can act as an IoT reader. This information may be delivered by a MAC-CE and / or an RRC signaling. Another information may indicate whether the apparatus is acting as an IoT reader, e.g., performing transmission / reception to / from the IoT device (s) . This information may be delivered by a new field in the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) , e.g., one bit in PUCCH to indicate whether the UE is acting as an IoT reader. The criteria for an apparatus determining whether the IoT reader capability is enabled may also be determined based on the factor set. The factor set may include one or more than one parameters of the distance or pathloss between the apparatus and the network node, the proximity determination regarding IoT device (s) at the apparatus side, the maximum Tx power of the apparatus, and the distance or pathloss between the apparatus and one or more than one IoT devices. The proximity determination may be used to determine whether the apparatus enables the IoT reader capability. For example, after the proximity determination, if the number of IoT devices determined as near to the apparatus is below a threshold, the apparatus may not be an IoT reader until the next IoT reader indication and / or the next configuration (or pre-configuration) . If the number of IoT devices determined as near to the apparatus is above the threshold, the apparatus may be an IoT reader until the next IoT reader indication and / or the next configuration (or pre-configuration) . In addition, in an implementation, the apparatus may transmit the proximity determination results to other apparatus through the PC5 interface (e.g., sidelink) . In another example, in an event that the IoT device (s) determined as near to an apparatus (e.g., UE1) is a sub-set, or the IoT device (s) is included by the IoT device (s) determined as near to another apparatus (e.g., UE2) , the UE 1 may not be a IoT reader, and UE 2 may still be an IoT reader. In addition, in an event that the network node does not receive the capability report indicating whether the apparatus can act as an IoT reader from the apparatus, the apparatus may be assumed not capable of acting as an IoT reader.
[0044] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the apparatus may receive a resource scheduled for at least one of the R2D transmission, the D2R transmission, and the CW transmission from the network node through a DCI.
[0045] In some implementations of the present disclosure, a field of the DCI may indicate a starting transmission occasion and a transmission duration for scheduling a time domain resource for the R2D transmission. The starting transmission occasion may be indicated according to at least one of an absolute slot or symbol index in a time domain, and a gap between a DCI transmission or reception slot or symbol index and a scheduled R2D transmission slot or symbol index, and wherein the transmission duration is indicated according to a number of a basic granularity in the time domain.
[0046] In some implementations of the present disclosure, a field of the DCI may be used to schedule a time domain resource for the CW transmission. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the DCI may comprise two bits to indicate no CW transmission, an on-demand CW transmission, a periodic CW transmission, or a persistent or consistent CW transmission. In some implementations of the present disclosure, for the on-demand CW transmission, a field of the DCI may be used to dynamically indicate the time domain resource of each CW transmission. The periodic CW transmission may be configured according to a starting transmission occasion, a transmission duration, and a periodicity. In addition, the persistent or consistent CW transmission may be configured according to at least one of an absolute time occasion and a relative time occasion.
[0047] In some implementations of the present disclosure, a field of the DCI may be used to schedule a time domain resource for the D2R transmission. In an example, the time domain resource for the D2R transmission may be scheduled according to a starting transmission occasion and a transmission duration. In another example, the time domain resource for the D2R transmission may be determined according to a time domain resource for the CW transmission.
[0048] FIG. 6 illustrates an example scenario 600 for enabling a reader capability in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure. Scenario 600 involves an apparatus, an IoT device, and a network node (e.g., a (macro / micro) base station) which may be a part of a wireless network (e.g., an LTE network, a 5G / NR network, an IoT network, or a 6G network) . Referring to FIG. 6, after the RRC connection between the apparatus and network node has been established, the apparatus may transmit a capability report to the network node through the RRC signaling to report its reader capability to the network node. The network node may obtain the pathloss (PL) based on the measurement of the received signal from the apparatus. Based on the PL (or other criteria mentioned above) , the network node may determine whether the apparatus can be an IoT reader. Then, in an example, the network node may transmit an indication (or configuration) to the apparatus to indicate (or configure (or pre-configure) ) one or more than one apparatus being IoT readers (i.e., enable the reader capability of the apparatus) through a DCI, or a field in a DCI. In another example, the network node may indicate at least one apparatus as being an IoT reader through a MAC-CE and / or RRC signaling. In addition, the network node may schedule the transmission resource between the apparatus and IoT device (s) (e.g., R2D transmission, D2R transmission, and CW transmission) through a DCI format. For example, the network node may schedule the time domain resource and / or frequency domain resource allocation, and / or transmission power to the UE through the DCI. According to the scheduled transmission resource, the UE may perform the R2D transmission and / or the CW transmission on the corresponding scheduled resource (s) . In addition, the scheduled D2R resource from the network node may be transmitted from the apparatus to the IoT devices through the R2D transmission, and the IoT device may perform the D2R transmission on the corresponding scheduled D2R resource (s) . After receiving the D2R transmission from the IoT device, the apparatus may perform the proximity determination to determine whether the IoT device is near or far from the apparatus. According to the proximity determination, in an event that the corresponding D2R transmission in response to the R2D transmission is successfully received by the apparatus (i.e., reader) , and / or the measurement on the corresponding D2R transmission in response to the R2D transmission is above a threshold, the IoT device may be determined as near the apparatus (i.e., IoT reader) . Otherwise, the IoT device may be determined as far from the apparatus (i.e., IoT reader) . The apparatus may report the proximity determination results (e.g., the number of IoT devices determined as near the apparatus) to the network node. The report (e.g., proximity report) may be transmitted through a field of the PUCCH or a PUSCH. Based on the proximity report from the apparatus, the network node may determine whether the apparatus is acting as an IoT reader in the following R2D transmission and D2R transmission, and then transmit an indication to the apparatus through at least one of the DCI, MAC-CE, and RRC.
[0049] FIG. 7 illustrates another example scenario 700 for enabling a reader capability in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure. Scenario 700 involves an apparatus, an IoT device, and a network node (e.g., a (macro / micro) base station) which may be a part of a wireless network (e.g., an LTE network, a 5G / NR network, an IoT network, or a 6G network) . Referring to FIG. 7, the apparatus may autonomously determine whether to act as an IoT reader or not, and report the determination result to the network node. After the RRC connection between the apparatus and network node has been established, the apparatus may transmit a capability report to the network node through the RRC signaling to report its reader capability to the network node. The apparatus may perform a measurement to obtain the PL based on the transmission (s) from the network node during RRC connection procedures. Based on the PL (or other criteria mentioned above) , the apparatus may autonomously determine whether to act as an IoT reader. Then, the apparatus may transmit the determination result (e.g., declaration report) to the network node. In addition, the network node may schedule the transmission resource between the apparatus and IoT device (s) (e.g., R2D transmission, D2R transmission, and CW transmission) through a DCI format. According to the scheduled transmission resource, the UE may perform the R2D transmission and / or the CW transmission on the corresponding scheduled resource (s) . In addition, the scheduled D2R resource from the network node may be transmitted from the apparatus to the IoT devices through the R2D transmission, and the IoT device may perform the D2R transmission on the corresponding scheduled D2R resource (s) . After receiving the D2R transmission from the IoT device, the apparatus may perform the proximity determination to determine whether the IoT device is near or far from the apparatus. Then, the apparatus may report the proximity determination results (e.g., the declaration of the apparatus determining to act as the IoT reader) to the network node.
[0050] Referring to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, one or multiple transmissions between the network node and the apparatus may be merged as one transmission. For example, in FIG. 7, the capability report from the apparatus to the network node and the declaration report from the apparatus to the network node may correspond to two individual transmissions through the RRC and the PUCCH, respectively. In another example, the capability report and the declaration report may correspond to one transmission from the apparatus to the network node through the RRC and / or the PUCCH.
[0051] In addition, the two methods of FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 can be combined. For example, in FIG. 7, after proximity determination at the apparatus side, the apparatus may report the proximity determination to the network node. Then, in an example, the network node can indicate and / or configure (or pre-configure) whether the apparatus should act as an IoT reader based on the proximity report from the apparatus. In another example, after the proximity determination at the apparatus side, the apparatus can autonomously declare whether to act as an IoT reader by itself. Then, the apparatus can report the declaration of the apparatus, determining whether to act as an IoT reader or not, to the network node.
[0052] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the apparatus may receive a resource pool from the network node. Then, the apparatus may select a resource for the R2D transmission, the D2R transmission, or the CW transmission from the resource pool.
[0053] According to the implementations of the present disclosure, the network node may control the apparatus with the enabled IoT reader capability. Specifically, in a resource allocation method, the network node may schedule the resource (s) for the R2D transmission, the D2R transmission, and / or the CW transmission between the apparatus and the IoT device (s) . In another resource control method, the network node may configure (or pre-configure) a resource pool. Then, the apparatus may autonomously select resource (s) within the resource pool for the R2D transmission, the D2R transmission, and / or the CW transmission between the apparatus and the IoT device (s) .
[0054] According to some implementations of the present disclosure, for the method in which the network node schedules the resource (s) for the R2D transmission, D2R transmission, and / or CW transmission between the apparatus and the IoT device (s) , a field in the DCI may be used to schedule the resources. For the R2D transmission, the time domain resource (s) may be scheduled in the time domain resource allocation (TDRA) manner by indicating a starting transmission occasion and a transmission duration in the DCI. The starting transmission occasion may be indicated through at least one of an absolute slot or symbol index in the time domain, a gap between the DCI transmission slot or symbol index, and the corresponding scheduled R2D transmission slot or symbol index. The transmission duration may be indicated as the number of a basic granularity in the time domain, e.g., a frame, a slot, a symbol, and / or a fixed time length.
[0055] For the CW transmission, the network node may determine whether to transmit the CW transmission. In an event that the CW transmission is indicated to be transmitted, the CW transmission can be indicated as an on-demand transmission, a periodic transmission, or a persistent or consistent transmission. A field in the DCI may be used for the indications for the CW transmission. For example, two bits of “00” , “01” , “11” , and “10” may be used to indicate no CW transmission, an on-demand CW transmission, a periodic CW transmission, and a persistent or consistent CW transmission, respectively. For the on-demand CW transmission, a field in the DCI may be used to dynamically indicate the time domain resource of each CW transmission in the TDRA manner, e.g., indicate a starting transmission occasion and a transmission duration. The starting transmission occasion may be indicated as an absolute time occasion, e.g., a frame, slot, or symbol index (i.e., absolute time occasion) , a gap between the DCI transmission occasion and the corresponding scheduled CW transmission occasion (e.g., relative time occasion #1) , and / or a gap between the scheduled R2D transmission occasion and the scheduled CW transmission occasion (e.g., relative time occasion #2) . The transmission duration may be indicated as the number of basic granularities in the time domain, e.g., a frame, a slot, a symbol, and / or a fixed time length.
[0056] In addition, for the periodic CW transmission, the periodic CW transmission may be configured (or pre-configured) and / or indicated by three parameters of the starting transmission occasion, the transmission duration, and the periodicity. The starting occasion may be indicated in the manner of the absolute time occasion, the relative time occasion #1, and / or the relative time occasion #2 as mentioned above. The transmission duration may be indicated as the number of basic granularities in the time domain, e.g., the number of a frame, a slot, a symbol, and / or a fixed time length. The periodicity may be indicated as the number of a basic granularity in the time domain, e.g., the number of a frame, a slot, a symbol, and / or a fixed time length.
[0057] In addition, for the persistent or consistent CW transmission, the persistent or consistent CW transmission may be configured (or pre-configured) and / or indicated by a starting occasion in the manner of the absolute time occasion, the relative time occasion #1, and / or relative time occasion #2 as mentioned above. For the persistent or consistent CW transmission, the apparatus may persistently transmit the CW through the indicated starting occasion until the next CW transmission indication and / or the next configuration (pre-configuration) .
[0058] For the D2R transmission, the time domain resource may be explicitly or implicitly indicated to the IoT device through the R2D transmission. For the explicit indication, the time domain resource (s) may be scheduled in the TDRA manner by indicating a starting transmission occasion and a transmission duration in the DCI. The starting occasion may be indicated in the manner of the absolute time occasion, the relative time occasion #1, and / or the relative time occasion #2 as mentioned above. The transmission duration may be indicated as the number of a basic granularity in the time domain, e.g., the number of a frame, a slot, a symbol, and / or a fixed time length. For implicit indication, the start and the duration of the CW transmission may be used to determine the start and the duration of the D2R transmission.
[0059] According to some implementations of the present disclosure, for the method in which the network node schedules the resource (s) for the R2D transmission, the D2R transmission and / or CW transmission between the apparatus and the IoT device (s) , for R2D transmission, the frequency domain resource (s) may be scheduled in the frequency domain resource allocation (FDRA) manner by indicating the starting of lowest resource block (RB) index, and the (consecutive) RB number in the DCI. The starting or lowest RB index may be indicated through an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) , i.e., an absolute RB index among frequency domain resources, and / or a gap between the RB indexes of the DCI transmission and the corresponding scheduled R2D transmission. In an implementation, for the R2D transmission, the frequency domain resource (s) may be scheduled by explicitly indicating each RB index used for the R2D transmission.
[0060] In addition, for the CW transmission, the frequency domain resource (s) may be scheduled by indicating the tone index (or indexes) . Specifically, the frequency domain resource (s) may be indicated by listing each tone index or resource element (RE) index used for the CW transmission, and / or by listing the starting index, the lowest tone index or RE index and the number of consecutive tones or RE used for the CW transmission. The starting index, the lowest tone index, or RE index may be the index among all frequency domain resources, and / or an index within an RB. In an implementation, the RB index may also be indicated together.
[0061] In addition, for the D2R transmission, the frequency resource (s) may be indicated in an explicit or implicit manner. For the explicit manner, the frequency resource (s) may be scheduled in the FDRA manner by indicating the starting index, the lowest tone index, or the RE index, and the tone or RE number in the DCI. The starting index, the lowest tone index, or the RE index may be indicated via an absolute ARFCN, i.e., an absolute tone index or RE index among the frequency domain resources, and / or a gap between the RB indexes of the DCI transmission and the corresponding scheduled D2R transmission.
[0062] FIG. 8 illustrates another example scenario 800 for enabling resource scheduling for the CW transmission in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 8, a table is provided for illustrating the resource scheduling of the CW transmission in the time domain and the frequency domain through a field in the DCI. Referring to FIG. 8, the field value “00” may indicate no CW transmission (Tx) . The field value “01” may indicate the on-demand CW transmission. The time domain resource scheduled for the on-demand CW transmission may comprise the starting transmission occasion and the transmission duration. The frequency domain resource scheduled for the on-demand CW transmission may comprise the FDRA and the explicit tone index. The field value “10” may indicate the periodic CW transmission. The time domain resource scheduled for the periodic CW transmission may comprise the starting transmission occasion, the transmission duration, and the periodicity. The frequency domain resource scheduled for the on-demand CW transmission may comprise the FDRA and the explicit tone index. The field value “11” may indicate the persistent CW transmission. The time domain resource scheduled for the persistent CW transmission may comprise the starting transmission occasion. The frequency domain resource scheduled for the on-demand CW transmission may comprise the FDRA and the explicit tone index.
[0063] According to some implementations of the present disclosure, for the resource allocation when the reader capability of the apparatus is enabled, the apparatus may autonomously select resource (s) within a configured (or pre-configured) resource pool for at least one of the R2D transmission, the D2R transmission and the CW transmission between the apparatus and the IoT device (s) . Multiple resource pools may be configured (or pre-configured) , and the resource pool index used for the apparatus may be indicated in the DCI. Further, in an event that the apparatus autonomously selects the resource (s) within the resource pool in the time domain, the apparatus may measure the energy, the RSRP or the RSSI on the target resource (s) intended for at least one of the R2D transmission, the D2R transmission and CW transmission. The measurement may be performed according to a requirement. For example, the measurement may be performed at least X1 seconds before the intended R2D transmission and at least X2 seconds before the CW transmission. A longer intended transmission in the time domain may correspond to a longer measurement in the time domain. For example, based on the intended transmission duration (e.g., only CW transmission, or a CW transmission with a corresponding D2R transmission following the CW transmission) , the measurement length may be different. In the frequency domain, the frequency granularity for the measurement may be based on the configuration (or pre-configuration) . For example, in an event that the intended transmission is the R2D transmission, the measurement in the frequency domain may correspond to one or multiple RBs intended for the R2D transmission. In another example, in an event that the intended transmission is the CW transmission and / or the D2R transmission, the measurement in the frequency domain may correspond to one or multiple tones or REs, intended for the CW transmission and / or D2R transmission. Only when the measurement result meets the requirement (e.g., the measured energy, RSRP, or RSSI during the whole measurement is below a threshold) , the intended transmission can be performed.
[0064] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the apparatus may determine the power of a physical R2D channel (PRDCH) transmission and the CW transmission according to a factor. The factor may be a power related to a pathloss between the apparatus and the IoT device. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the pathloss between the apparatus and the IoT device may be determined according to a transmission power of a CW, a reception power corresponding to the physical D2R channel (PDRCH) transmission of the corresponding CW, and a total gain including the gains from the apparatus and the IoT device. In some implementations of the present disclosure, in an event that the pathloss is unavailable, the factor may be a minimum of a configured maximum power and a power related to the apparatus and the network node. In addition, in an example, in an event that a CW is transmitted to a plurality of IoT devices, the factor may be determined according to the minimum of the configured maximum power and the power related to the apparatus and the network node. In another example, in an event that a CW is transmitted to a plurality of IoT devices, the factor may be determined by assuming the pathloss is the maximum pathloss among the pathlosses of each pair of the apparatus and each IoT device.
[0065] According to some implementations of the present disclosure, for an apparatus acting as a A-IoT reader, it determines a power PPRDCH, (i) for a PRDCH transmission occasion in the slot i of the carrier f as following formula: PPRDCH (i) = min (PCMAX, min (PPRDCH, D (i) , PPRDCH, AIoT (i) ) ) [dBm] (1) , where PCMAX may be the max output power for carrier f in the PRDCH transmission occasion i.
[0066] PPRDCH, D (i) may be a power related to the pathloss between the network node and the apparatus. PPRDCH, D (i) can be expressed as following formula: where PO, D may be a value per RRC configuration from a range, e.g., [-16, 15] . If the parameter PPRDCH, D (i) is supported by the apparatus and the parameter is provided, the formula (2) may be used; otherwise, PPRDCH, D (i) = PCMAX. Additionally, αD may be a value based on RRC configuration from a range of [0, 1] . If the range is not provided, αD = 1. PLD may be the DL pathloss estimate in dB calculated by the apparatus on carrier f. may be the number of RB for the PRDCH transmission occasion i, and μ may be a sub-carrier spacing (SCS) configuration, e.g., 15 kHz.
[0067] PPRDCH, AIoT (i) may be a power related to the pathloss between the apparatus and the target A-IoT device. PPRDCH, AIoT (i) can be expressed as following formular: where PO, AIoT may be a value per RRC configuration from a range, e.g., [-16, 15] . If the parameter PPRDCH, AIoT (i) is supported by the apparatus and the parameter is provided, the formula (3) may be used; otherwise, PPRDCH, AIoT (i) = min (PCMAX, PPRDCH, D (i) ) . In addition, αAIoT may be a value based on the RRC configuration from a range of [0, 1] . If the range is not provided, αAIoT = 1. In addition, PLAIoT may be a parameter related to the pathloss between the apparatus and the target A-IoT device. PLAIoT = (Preference-Preceived+ GAIoT device) / 2, where Preference may be the transmission power of the CW transmission performed by the apparatus. For example, Preference may be generated by obtaining the CW transmit power per tone or RE and summing the CW transmission power on the tone (s) or RE (s) occupied by the CW transmission. Preceived may be a reception power of the corresponding PDRCH from the target A-IoT device based on the backscattering of the corresponding CW. For example, Preceived may be generated by obtaining the reception power from a RSRP measurement on the received PDRCH transmission per tone or RE and summing reception power on the tone (s) or RE (s) occupied by the corresponding PDRCH transmission. may be the number of RB for the PRDCH transmission occasion i, and μ may be a SCS configuration, e.g., 15 kHz. GAIoT device may be the total gain introduced at the A-IoT device side due to the amplifier, the backscattering loss, the modulation loss, etc. GAIoT device may be reported to the reader through the PDRCH transmission. In an event that GAIoT device is not reported to the reader, GAIoT device may be assumed as 0 dB. In addition, in an event that PLAIoT is unavailable (e.g., there is no PDRCH transmission before the apparatus determines the PRDCH transmission power) PPRDCH, AIoT (i) = min (PCMAX, PPRDCH, D (i) ) .
[0068] The determination of the transmission power may depend on different transmissions. For example, for the R2D transmission, if the R2D transmission is broadcast, and / or if the R2D transmission is a PRDCH transmission without any PDRCH before the PRDCH transmission, the PRDCH transmission power PPRDCH (i) = PCMAX. If the PRDCH transmission is unicast, the PRDCH transmission power PPRDCH (i) may be determined based on the formula (1) .
[0069] In another example, for the CW transmission, the total CW transmission power PCW from one apparatus may be determined by the same formula (1) by replacing PPRDCH (i) with PCW (i) , i.e., the formula (1) may be changed to the following formula: PCW (i) = min (PCMAX, min (PPRDCH, D (i) , PPRDCH, AIoT (i) ) ) [dBm] (4) .
[0070] The parameters of PCMAX, PPRDCH, D (i) , and PPRDCH, D (i) in the formula (4) may be same as formula (1) . That is, the calculations of PPRDCH, D (i) and PPRDCH, D (i) may be based on the formula (2) and the formula (3) respectively. Regarding the calculation of PPRDCH, AIoT (i) , in addition to the description of formula (3) , some extra conditions may need to be considered for the CW transmission power determination. Specifically, if the CW is provided to one A-IoT device, PCW (i) may be determined based on the above formula (3) . In addition, in an example, if the CW is provided to multiple A-IoT devices, in an example PPRDCH, AIoT (i) = min (PCMAX, PPRDCH, D (i) ) . In another example, if the CW is provided to multiple A-IoT devices, PCW (i) may be determined based on the above formula (3) , i.e., for calculating PPRDCH, AIoT (i) , the PLAIoT may be the max pathloss among the pathlosses of each pair of the apparatus to one A-IoT device. Illustrative Implementations
[0071] FIG. 9 illustrates an example communication system 900 having at least an example communication apparatus 910 and an example network apparatus 920 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Each of communication apparatus 910 and network apparatus 920 may perform various functions to implement schemes, techniques, processes and methods described herein pertaining to IoT signal transmission, including the various schemes described above with respect to various proposed designs, concepts, schemes and methods described above and with respect to user equipment and network apparatus in mobile communications, including scenarios / schemes described above as well as process 1000 and process 1100 described below.
[0072] Communication apparatus 910 may be a part of an electronic apparatus, which may be a UE such as a portable or mobile apparatus, a wearable apparatus, a wireless communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. For instance, communication apparatus 910 may be implemented in a smartphone, a smartwatch, a personal digital assistant, an electronic control unit (ECU) in a vehicle, a digital camera, or a computing equipment such as a tablet computer, a laptop computer or a notebook computer. Communication apparatus 910 may also be a part of a machine type apparatus, which may be an IoT, NB-IoT, eMTC, IIoT UE such as an immobile or a stationary apparatus, a home apparatus, a roadside unit (RSU) , a wire communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. For instance, communication apparatus 910 may be implemented in a smart thermostat, a smart fridge, a smart door lock, a wireless speaker or a home control center. Alternatively, communication apparatus 910 may be implemented in the form of one or more integrated-circuit (IC) chips such as, for example and without limitation, one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more reduced-instruction set computing (RISC) processors, or one or more complex-instruction-set-computing (CISC) processors. Communication apparatus 910 may include at least some of those components shown in FIG. 9 such as a processor 912, for example. Communication apparatus 910 may further include one or more other components not pertinent to the proposed schemes of the present disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device and / or user interface device) , and, thus, such component (s) of communication apparatus 910 are neither shown in FIG. 9 nor described below in the interest of simplicity and brevity.
[0073] Network apparatus 920 may be a part of an electronic apparatus, which may be a network node such as a satellite, a BS, a small cell, a router or a gateway of an IoT network. For instance, network apparatus 920 may be implemented in a satellite or an eNB / gNB / TRP in a 4G / 5G / B5G / 6G, NR, IoT, NB-IoT or IIoT network. Alternatively, network apparatus 920 may be implemented in the form of one or more IC chips such as, for example and without limitation, one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, or one or more RISC or CISC processors. Network apparatus 920 may include at least some of those components shown in FIG. 9 such as a processor 922, for example. Network apparatus 920 may further include one or more other components not pertinent to the proposed scheme of the present disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device and / or user interface device) , and, thus, such component (s) of network apparatus 920 are neither shown in FIG. 9 nor described below in the interest of simplicity and brevity.
[0074] In one aspect, each of processor 912 and processor 922 may be implemented in the form of one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, or one or more CISC processors. That is, even though a singular term “a processor” is used herein to refer to processor 912 and processor 922, each of processor 912 and processor 922 may include multiple processors in some implementations and a single processor in other implementations in accordance with the present disclosure. In another aspect, each of processor 912 and processor 922 may be implemented in the form of hardware (and, optionally, firmware) with electronic components including, for example and without limitation, one or more transistors, one or more diodes, one or more capacitors, one or more resistors, one or more inductors, one or more memristors and / or one or more varactors that are configured and arranged to achieve specific purposes in accordance with the present disclosure. In other words, in at least some implementations, each of processor 912 and processor 922 is a special-purpose machine specifically designed, arranged and configured to perform specific tasks, including IoT signal transmission, in a device (e.g., as represented by communication apparatus 910) and a network node (e.g., as represented by network apparatus 920) in accordance with various implementations of the present disclosure.
[0075] In some implementations, communication apparatus 910 may also include a transceiver 916 coupled to processor 912 and capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data. In some implementations, transceiver 916 may be capable of wirelessly communicating with different types of UEs and / or wireless networks of different radio access technologies (RATs) . In some implementations, transceiver 916 may be equipped with a plurality of antenna ports (not shown) such as, for example, four antenna ports. That is, transceiver 916 may be equipped with multiple transmit antennas and multiple receive antennas for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communications. In some implementations, network apparatus 920 may also include a transceiver 926 coupled to processor 922. Transceiver 926 may include a transceiver capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data. In some implementations, transceiver 926 may be capable of wirelessly communicating with different types of UEs of different RATs. In some implementations, transceiver 926 may be equipped with a plurality of antenna ports (not shown) such as, for example, four antenna ports. That is, transceiver 926 may be equipped with multiple transmit antennas and multiple receive antennas for MIMO wireless communications.
[0076] In some implementations, communication apparatus 910 may further include a memory 914 coupled to processor 912 and capable of being accessed by processor 912 and storing data therein. In some implementations, network apparatus 920 may further include a memory 924 coupled to processor 922 and capable of being accessed by processor 922 and storing data therein. Each of memory 914 and memory 924 may include a type of random-access memory (RAM) such as dynamic RAM (DRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , thyristor RAM (T-RAM) and / or zero-capacitor RAM (Z-RAM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 914 and memory 924 may include a type of read-only memory (ROM) such as mask ROM, programmable ROM (PROM) , erasable programmable ROM (EPROM) and / or electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 914 and memory 924 may include a type of non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM) such as flash memory, solid-state memory, ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) and / or phase-change memory.
[0077] Each of communication apparatus 910 and network apparatus 920 may be a communication entity capable of communicating with each other using various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure. For illustrative purposes and without limitation, descriptions of capabilities of communication apparatus 910, as a UE, and network apparatus 920, as a network node (e.g., TRP) , are provided below with process 1000 and process 1100. Illustrative Processes
[0078] FIG. 10 illustrates an example process 1000 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Process 1000 may be an example implementation of above scenarios / schemes, whether partially or completely, with respect to IoT signal transmission with the present disclosure. Process 1000 may represent an aspect of implementation of features of communication apparatus 910. Process 1000 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more of blocks 1010, 1020 and 1030. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks of process 1000 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks of process 1000 may be executed in the order shown in FIG. 10 or, alternatively, in a different order. Solely for illustrative purposes and without limitation, process 1000 is described below in the context of communication apparatus 910. Process 1000 may begin at block 1010.
[0079] At block 1010, process 1000 may involve processor 912 of communication apparatus 910 transmitting, via transceiver 916, a capability report of a reader capability to a network node. Process 1000 may proceed from block 1010 to block 1020.
[0080] At block 1020, process 1000 may involve processor 912 determining whether to enable the reader capability according to an indication from the network node or according to a factor set. Process 1000 may proceed from block 1020 to block 1030.
[0081] At block 1030, process 1000 may involve processor 912 performing an R2D transmission, a D2R transmission, or a CW transmission with an IoT device in an event that the reader capability is enabled.
[0082] In some implementations, the factor set may comprise at least one of a parameter of a distance or pathloss between communication apparatus 910 and the network node, a parameter of a proximity determination regarding the IoT device, a parameter of a maximum transmission (Tx) power of communication apparatus 910, and a parameter of a distance or pathloss between communication apparatus 910 and at least one IoT device.
[0083] In some implementations, process 1000 may involve processor 912 transmitting, via transceiver 916, a determination of enabling the reader capability to the network node.
[0084] In some implementations, process 1000 may involve processor 912 receiving, via transceiver 916, a resource scheduled for at least one of the R2D transmission, the D2R transmission, and the CW transmission from the network node through a DCI.
[0085] In some implementations, a field of the DCI may indicate a starting transmission occasion and a transmission duration for scheduling a time domain resource for the R2D transmission.
[0086] In some implementations, the starting transmission occasion may be indicated according to at least one of an absolute slot or symbol index in a time domain, and a gap between a DCI transmission slot or symbol index and a scheduled R2D transmission slot or symbol index. The transmission duration may be indicated according to a number of a basic granularity in the time domain.
[0087] In some implementations, a field of the DCI may be used to schedule a time domain resource for the CW transmission.
[0088] In some implementations, the DCI may comprise two bits to indicate no CW transmission, an on-demand CW transmission, a periodic CW transmission, or a persistent or consistent CW transmission.
[0089] In some implementations, for the on-demand CW transmission, a field of the DCI may be used to dynamically indicate the time domain resource of each CW transmission. The periodic CW transmission may be configured according to a starting transmission occasion, a transmission duration and a periodicity. The persistent or consistent CW transmission may be configured according to at least one of an absolute time occasion and a relative time occasion.
[0090] In some implementations, a field of the DCI may be used to schedule a time domain resource for the D2R transmission.
[0091] In some implementations, the time domain resource for the D2R transmission may be scheduled according to a starting transmission occasion and a transmission duration, or the time domain resource for the D2R transmission may be determined according to a time domain resource for the CW transmission.
[0092] In some implementations, process 1000 may involve processor 912 receiving, via transceiver 916, a resource pool from the network node. Process 1000 may involve processor selecting a resource for the R2D transmission, the D2R transmission, or the CW transmission from the resource pool.
[0093] In some implementations, process 1000 may involve processor 912 determining a power of a PRDCH and the CW transmission according to a factor. The factor may be a power related to a pathloss between communication apparatus 910 and the IoT device.
[0094] In some implementations, the pathloss between communication apparatus 910 and the IoT device may be determined according to a transmission power of a CW, a reception power corresponding to PDRCH and a total gain.
[0095] In some implementations, in an event that the pathloss is unavailable, the factor may be a minimum of a configured max power and a power related to communication apparatus 910 and the network node. In an event that a CW is transmitted to a plurality of IoT devices, the factor may be determined according to the minimum of the configured max power and the power related to communication apparatus 910 and the network node, or the factor may be determined by assuming the pathloss is a maximum pathloss among pathlosses of each pair of communication apparatus 910 and each IoT device.
[0096] FIG. 11 illustrates an example process 1100 in accordance with another implementation of the present disclosure. Process 1100 may be an example implementation of above scenarios / schemes, whether partially or completely, with respect to IoT signal transmission with the present disclosure. Process 1100 may represent an aspect of implementation of features of network apparatus 920. Process 1100 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more of blocks 1110, 1120, and 1130. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks of process 1100 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks of process 1100 may be executed in the order shown in FIG. 11 or, alternatively, in a different order. Solely for illustrative purposes and without limitation, process 1100 is described below in the context of network apparatus 920. Process 1100 may begin at block 1110.
[0097] At block 1110, process 1100 may involve processor 922 of network apparatus 920 receiving, via transceiver 926, a capability report of a reader capability and a factor set from a UE. Process 1100 may proceed from block 1110 to block 1120.
[0098] At block 1120, process 1100 may involve processor 922 determining whether to enable the reader capability according to the factor set. Process 1100 may proceed from block 1120 to block 1130.
[0099] At block 1130, process 1100 may involve processor 922 transmitting, via transceiver 926, an indication to enable the reader capability of the UE to the UE for an R2D transmission, a D2R transmission, or a CW transmission between the UE and an IoT device.
[0100] In some implementations, process 1100 may involve processor 922 transmitting via transceiver 926, a resource scheduled for at least one of the R2D transmission, the D2R transmission, and the CW transmission to the UE through a DCI.
[0101] In some implementations, a field of the DCI may indicate a starting transmission occasion and a transmission duration for scheduling a time domain resource for the R2D transmission. The starting transmission occasion may be indicated according to at least one of an absolute slot or symbol index in a time domain, and a gap between a DCI transmission slot or symbol index and a scheduled R2D transmission slot or symbol index. The transmission duration may be indicated according to a number of a basic granularity in the time domain.
[0102] In some implementations, a field of the DCI may be used to schedule a time domain resource for the CW transmission. The DCI may comprise two bits to indicate no CW transmission, an on-demand CW transmission, a periodic CW transmission, or a persistent or consistent CW transmission. For the on-demand CW transmission, a field of the DCI may be used to dynamically indicate the time domain resource of each CW transmission. The periodic CW transmission may be configured according to a starting transmission occasion, a transmission duration and a periodicity. The persistent or consistent CW transmission may be configured according to at least one of an absolute time occasion and a relative time occasion.
[0103] In some implementations, a field of the DCI may be used to schedule a time domain resource for the D2R transmission. The time domain resource for the D2R transmission may be scheduled according to a starting transmission occasion and a transmission duration, or the time domain resource for the D2R transmission may be determined according to a time domain resource for the CW transmission. Additional Notes
[0104] The herein-described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected" , or "operably coupled" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being "operably couplable" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and / or physically interacting components and / or wirelessly interactable and / or wirelessly interacting components and / or logically interacting and / or logically interactable components.
[0105] Further, with respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and / or application. The various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.
[0106] Moreover, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims, e.g., bodies of the appended claims, are generally intended as “open” terms, e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to, ” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least, ” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to, ” etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to implementations containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an, " e.g., “a” and / or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more; ” the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number, e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations, " without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations. Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B. ”
[0107] From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that various implementations of the present disclosure have been described herein for purposes of illustration, and that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the various implementations disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
Claims
1.A method, comprising:transmitting, by a processor of an apparatus, a capability report of a reader capability to a network node;determining, by the processor, whether to enable the reader capability according to an indication from the network node or according to a factor set; andperforming, by the processor, a reader-to-device (R2D) transmission, a device-to-reader (D2R) transmission, or a carrier wave (CW) transmission with an Internet of Things (IoT) device in an event that the reader capability is enabled.2.The method of Claim 1, wherein the factor set comprises at least one of a parameter of a distance or pathloss between the apparatus and the network node, a parameter of a proximity determination regarding the IoT device, a parameter of a maximum transmission (Tx) power of the apparatus, and a parameter of a distance or pathloss between the apparatus and at least one IoT device.3.The method of Claim 1, further comprising:transmitting, by the processor, a determination of enabling the reader capability to the network node.4.The method of Claim 1, further comprising:receiving, by the processor, a resource scheduled for at least one of the R2D transmission, the D2R transmission, and the CW transmission from the network node through a downlink control information (DCI) .5.The method of Claim 4, wherein a field of the DCI indicates a starting transmission occasion and a transmission duration for scheduling a time domain resource for the R2D transmission.6.The method of Claim 5, wherein the starting transmission occasion is indicated according to at least one of an absolute slot or symbol index in a time domain, and a gap between a DCI transmission slot or symbol index and a scheduled R2D transmission slot or symbol index, and wherein the transmission duration is indicated according to a number of a basic granularity in the time domain.7.The method of Claim 4, wherein a field of the DCI is used to schedule a time domain resource for the CW transmission.8.The method of Claim 7, wherein the DCI comprises two bits to indicate no CW transmission, an on-demand CW transmission, a periodic CW transmission, or a persistent or consistent CW transmission.9.The method of Claim 8, wherein for the on-demand CW transmission, a field of the DCI is used to dynamically indicate the time domain resource of each CW transmission, wherein the periodic CW transmission is configured according to a starting transmission occasion, a transmission duration and a periodicity, and wherein the persistent or consistent CW transmission is configured according to at least one of an absolute time occasion and a relative time occasion.10.The method of Claim 4, wherein a field of the DCI is used to schedule a time domain resource for the D2R transmission.11.The method of Claim 10, wherein the time domain resource for the D2R transmission is scheduled according to a starting transmission occasion and a transmission duration, or wherein the time domain resource for the D2R transmission is determined according to a time domain resource for the CW transmission.12.The method of Claim 1, further comprising:receiving, by the processor, a resource pool from the network node; andselecting, by the processor, a resource for the R2D transmission, the D2R transmission, or the CW transmission from the resource pool.13.The method of Claim 1, further comprising:determining, by the processor, a power of a physical R2D channel (PRDCH) and the CW transmission according to a factor, wherein the factor is a power related to a pathloss between the apparatus and the IoT device.14.The method of Claim 13, wherein the pathloss between the apparatus and the IoT device is determined according to a transmission power of a CW, a reception power corresponding to PDRCH and a total gain.15.The method of Claim 13, wherein in an event that the pathloss is unavailable, the factor is a minimum of a configured max power and a power related to the apparatus and the network node, and wherein in an event that a CW is transmitted to a plurality of IoT devices, the factor is determine according to the minimum of the configured max power and the power related to the apparatus and the network node, or the factor is determined by assuming the pathloss is a maximum pathloss among pathlosses of each pair of the apparatus and each IoT device.16.A method, comprising:receiving, by a processor of a network node, a capability report of a reader capability and a factor set from a user equipment (UE) ;determining, by the processor, whether to enable the reader capability according to the factor set; andtransmitting, by the processor, an indication to enable the reader capability of the UE to the UE for a reader-to-device (R2D) transmission, a device-to-reader (D2R) transmission, or a carrier wave (CW) transmission between the UE and an Internet of Things (IoT) device.17.The method of Claim 16, further comprising:transmitting, by the processor, a resource scheduled for at least one of the R2D transmission, the D2R transmission, and the CW transmission to the UE through a downlink control information (DCI) .18.The method of Claim 17, wherein a field of the DCI indicates a starting transmission occasion and a transmission duration for scheduling a time domain resource for the R2D transmission, wherein the starting transmission occasion is indicated according to at least one of an absolute slot or symbol index in a time domain, and a gap between a DCI transmission slot or symbol index and a scheduled R2D transmission slot or symbol index, and wherein the transmission duration is indicated according to a number of a basic granularity in the time domain.19.The method of Claim 17, wherein a field of the DCI is used to schedule a time domain resource for the CW transmission, wherein the DCI comprises two bits to indicate no CW transmission, an on-demand CW transmission, a periodic CW transmission, or a persistent or consistent CW transmission, wherein for the on-demand CW transmission, a field of the DCI is used to dynamically indicate the time domain resource of each CW transmission, wherein the periodic CW transmission is configured according to a starting transmission occasion, a transmission duration and a periodicity, and wherein the persistent or consistent CW transmission is configured according to at least one of an absolute time occasion and a relative time occasion.20.The method of Claim 17, wherein a field of the DCI is used to schedule a time domain resource for the D2R transmission, wherein the time domain resource for the D2R transmission is scheduled according to a starting transmission occasion and a transmission duration, or wherein the time domain resource for the D2R transmission is determined according to a time domain resource for the CW transmission.
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