Method and apparatus for uplink transmission in a wireless communication system

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a 5G communication system or a 6G communication system for supporting higher data rates beyond a 4G communication system such as long term evolution (LTE). Apparatuses and methods for uplink (UL) transmission. A method performed by a user equipment (UE) includes receiving a transmit precoding matrix indicator (TPMI) for a transmission of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) and transmitting the PUSCH based on the TPMI. The TPMI indicates a precoding matrix from a codebook for p antenna ports. The codebook includes precoding matrices constructed based on at least one column of a matrix W n = I - 2u n u n H , where I is an identity matrix, u n is a n x 1 vector, n ≤P and u n H is a Hermitian transpose of the vector u n .

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR UPLINK TRANSMISSION IN A WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communication systems and, more specifically, the present disclosure is related to apparatuses and methods for uplink (UL) transmission.

[0002] Considering the development of wireless communication from generation to generation, the technologies have been developed mainly for services targeting humans, such as voice calls, multimedia services, and data services. Following the commercialization of 5G (5th generation) communication systems, it is expected that the number of connected devices will exponentially grow. Increasingly, these will be connected to communication networks. Examples of connected things may include vehicles, robots, drones, home appliances, displays, smart sensors connected to various infrastructures, construction machines, and factory equipment. Mobile devices are expected to evolve in various form-factors, such as augmented reality glasses, virtual reality headsets, and hologram devices. In order to provide various services by connecting hundreds of billions of devices and things in the 6G (6th generation) era, there have been ongoing efforts to develop improved 6G communication systems. For these reasons, 6G communication systems are referred to as beyond-5G systems.

[0003] 6G communication systems, which are expected to be commercialized around 2030, will have a peak data rate of tera (1,000 giga)-level bit per second (bps) and a radio latency less than 100μsec, and thus will be 50 times as fast as 5G communication systems and have the 1 / 10 radio latency thereof.

[0004] In order to accomplish such a high data rate and an ultra-low latency, it has been considered to implement 6G communication systems in a terahertz (THz) band (for example, 95 gigahertz (GHz) to 3THz bands). It is expected that, due to severer path loss and atmospheric absorption in the terahertz bands than those in mmWave bands introduced in 5G, technologies capable of securing the signal transmission distance (that is, coverage) will become more crucial. It is necessary to develop, as major technologies for securing the coverage, Radio Frequency (RF) elements, antennas, novel waveforms having a better coverage than Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), beamforming and massive Multiple-input Multiple-Output (MIMO), Full Dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas, and multiantenna transmission technologies such as large-scale antennas. In addition, there has been ongoing discussion on new technologies for improving the coverage of terahertz-band signals, such as metamaterial-based lenses and antennas, Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM), and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS).

[0005] Moreover, in order to improve the spectral efficiency and the overall network performances, the following technologies have been developed for 6G communication systems: a full-duplex technology for enabling an uplink transmission and a downlink transmission to simultaneously use the same frequency resource at the same time; a network technology for utilizing satellites, High-Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS), and the like in an integrated manner; an improved network structure for supporting mobile base stations and the like and enabling network operation optimization and automation and the like; a dynamic spectrum sharing technology via collision avoidance based on a prediction of spectrum usage; an use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in wireless communication for improvement of overall network operation by utilizing AI from a designing phase for developing 6G and internalizing end-to-end AI support functions; and a next-generation distributed computing technology for overcoming the limit of UE computing ability through reachable super-high-performance communication and computing resources (such as Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), clouds, and the like) over the network. In addition, through designing new protocols to be used in 6G communication systems, developing mechanisms for implementing a hardware-based security environment and safe use of data, and developing technologies for maintaining privacy, attempts to strengthen the connectivity between devices, optimize the network, promote softwarization of network entities, and increase the openness of wireless communications are continuing.

[0006] It is expected that research and development of 6G communication systems in hyper-connectivity, including person to machine (P2M) as well as machine to machine (M2M), will allow the next hyper-connected experience. Particularly, it is expected that services such as truly immersive eXtended Reality (XR), high-fidelity mobile hologram, and digital replica could be provided through 6G communication systems. In addition, services such as remote surgery for security and reliability enhancement, industrial automation, and emergency response will be provided through the 6G communication system such that the technologies could be applied in various fields such as industry, medical care, automobiles, and home appliances.

[0007] The present disclosure relates to method and apparatus for uplink transmission in a wireless communication system.

[0008] According to an aspect of an exemplary embodiment, there is provided a communication method in a wireless communication system.

[0009] Aspects of the present disclosure provide efficient communication methods in a wireless communication system.

[0010] For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and its advantages, reference is now made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals represent like parts:

[0011] FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless network according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0012] FIG. 2 illustrates an example gNodeB (gNB) according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0013] FIG. 3 illustrates an example UE according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0014] FIG. 4A illustrates an example of a wireless transmit and receive paths according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0015] FIG. 4B illustrates an example of a wireless transmit and receive paths according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0016] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a transmitter structure for beamforming according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0017] FIG. 6 illustrates example antenna port layouts according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0018] FIG. 7 illustrates example radio access network (RAN) configurations according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0019] FIG. 8 illustrates example functional split points / options according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0020] FIG. 9 illustrates example antenna port layouts according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0021] FIG. 10 illustrates example antenna port layouts according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0022] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowdiagram of an example procedure for measuring / estimating UL / DL channel(s) according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0023] FIG. 12 illustrates an example method performed by a UE in a wireless communication system according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0024] FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a terminal or user equipment (UE) 1300 according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

[0025] FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a base station (BS) 1400 according to an embodiment of the disclosure; and

[0026] FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a network entity 1500 according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0027] The present disclosure relates to UL transmission.

[0028] In one embodiment, a user equipment (UE) is provided. The UE includes a processor and a transceiver operably connected to the processor. The transceiver is configured to receive a transmit precoding matrix indicator (TPMI) for a transmission of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) and transmit the PUSCH based on the TPMI. The TPMI indicates a precoding matrix from a codebook for antenna ports. The codebook includes precoding matrices constructed based on at least one column of a matrix where is an identity matrix, is a vector, and is a Hermitian transpose of the vector

[0029] In another embodiment, a base station (BS) is provided. The BS includes a processor and a transceiver operably connected to the processor. The transceiver is configured to transmit a TPMI for a PUSCH and receive the PUSCH based on the TPMI. The TPMI indicates a precoding matrix from a codebook for antenna ports. The codebook includes precoding matrices constructed based on at least one column of a matrix where is an identity matrix, is a vector, and is a Hermitian transpose of the vector

[0030] In yet another embodiment, a method performed by a UE is provided. The method includes receiving a TPMI for a transmission of a PUSCH and transmitting the PUSCH based on the TPMI. The TPMI indicates a precoding matrix from a codebook for antenna ports. The codebook includes precoding matrices constructed based on at least one column of a matrix where is an identity matrix, is a vector, and is a Hermitian transpose of the vector

[0031] Other technical features may be readily apparent to one skilled in the art from the following figures, descriptions, and claims.

[0032] Before undertaking the DETAILED DESCRIPTION below, it may be advantageous to set forth definitions of certain words and phrases used throughout this patent document. The term “couple” and its derivatives refer to any direct or indirect communication between two or more elements, whether or not those elements are in physical contact with one another. The terms “transmit,” “receive,” and “communicate,” as well as derivatives thereof, encompass both direct and indirect communication. The terms “include” and “comprise,” as well as derivatives thereof, mean inclusion without limitation. The term “or” is inclusive, meaning and / or. The phrase “associated with,” as well as derivatives thereof, means to include, be included within, interconnect with, contain, be contained within, connect to or with, couple to or with, be communicable with, cooperate with, interleave, juxtapose, be proximate to, be bound to or with, have, have a property of, have a relationship to or with, or the like. The term “controller” means any device, system, or part thereof that controls at least one operation. Such a controller may be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software and / or firmware. The functionality associated with any particular controller may be centralized or distributed, whether locally or remotely. The phrase “at least one of,” when used with a list of items, means that different combinations of one or more of the listed items may be used, and only one item in the list may be needed. For example, “at least one of: A, B, and C” includes any of the following combinations: A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, and A and B and C.

[0033] Moreover, various functions described below can be implemented or supported by one or more computer programs, each of which is formed from computer readable program code and embodied in a computer readable medium. The terms “application” and “program” refer to one or more computer programs, software components, sets of instructions, procedures, functions, objects, classes, instances, related data, or a portion thereof adapted for implementation in a suitable computer readable program code. The phrase “computer readable program code” includes any type of computer code, including source code, object code, and executable code. The phrase “computer readable medium” includes any type of medium capable of being accessed by a computer, such as read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), a hard disk drive, a compact disc (CD), a digital video disc (DVD), or any other type of memory. A “non-transitory” computer readable medium excludes wired, wireless, optical, or other communication links that transport transitory electrical or other signals. A non-transitory computer readable medium includes media where data can be permanently stored and media where data can be stored and later overwritten, such as a rewritable optical disc or an erasable memory device.

[0034] Definitions for other certain words and phrases are provided throughout this patent document. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that in many if not most instances, such definitions apply to prior as well as future uses of such defined words and phrases.

[0035] Hereinafter, embodiments of the disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] In describing the embodiments, descriptions related to technical contents well-known in the art and not associated directly with the disclosure will be omitted. Such an omission of unnecessary descriptions is intended to prevent obscuring of the main idea of the disclosure and more clearly transfer the main idea.

[0037] For the same reason, in the accompanying drawings, some elements may be exaggerated, omitted, or schematically illustrated. Further, the size of each element does not completely reflect the actual size. In the drawings, identical or corresponding elements are provided with identical reference numerals or different reference numerals.

[0038] The advantages and features of the disclosure and ways to achieve them will be apparent by making reference to embodiments as described below in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments set forth below, but may be implemented in various different forms. The following embodiments are provided only to completely disclose the disclosure and inform those skilled in the art of the scope of the disclosure, and the disclosure is defined only by the scope of the appended claims. Throughout the specification, the same or like reference numerals designate the same or like elements. Furthermore, in describing the disclosure, a detailed description of known functions or constitution incorporated herein will be omitted in the case that it is determined that the description may make the subject matter of the disclosure unnecessarily unclear. The terms which will be described below are terms defined in consideration of the functions in the disclosure, and may be different according to users, intentions of the operators, or customs. Therefore, the definitions of the terms should be made based on the contents throughout the specification.

[0039] Herein, it will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations, may be performed based on computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be loaded collectively onto at least one processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which perform through any one of, or in any combination of, the at least one processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for performing the functions specified in the flowchart block(s). These computer program instructions may also be stored in a non-transitory computer usable or computer-readable memory that may direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer usable or computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means that perform the function specified in the flowchart block(s). The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a computer executed process such that the instructions that perform on the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus provide steps for executing the functions specified in the flowchart block(s).

[0040] Further, each block may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which includes one or more executable instructions for executing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the blocks may occur out of the order. For example, two blocks(or functions) shown in succession may in fact be performed substantially concurrently or the blocks may sometimes be performed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved.

[0041] As used in embodiments of the disclosure, a “~unit” may refer to a software element or a hardware element, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), which performs a predetermined function. However, the term including the word “~unit” does not always have a meaning limited to software or hardware. The “~unit” may be constructed either to be stored in an addressable storage medium or to execute one or more processors. Therefore, the “~unit” includes, for example, software elements, object-oriented software elements, components such as class elements and task elements, processes, functions, properties, procedures, sub-routines, segments of a program code, drivers, firmware, micro-codes, circuits, data, database, data structures, tables, arrays, and parameters. The components and functions provided by the “~unit” may be either combined into a smaller number of components and a “~unit,” or divided into additional components and a “~unit.” Moreover, the components and “~units” may be implemented to reproduce one or more central processing units (CPUs) within a device or a security multimedia card. Further, in the embodiments, the “~unit” may include one or more processors.

[0042] It should be appreciated that the blocks in each flowchart and combinations of the flowcharts may be performed by one or more computer programs which include instructions. The entirety of the one or more computer programs may be stored in a single memory device or the one or more computer programs may be divided with different portions stored in different multiple memory devices.

[0043] Any of the functions or operations described herein can be processed by one processor or a combination of processors. The one processor or the combination of processors is circuitry performing processing and includes circuitry like an application processor (AP, e.g. a CPU), a communication processor (CP, e.g., a modem), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a neural processing unit (NPU) (e.g., an artificial intelligence (AI) chip), a Wi-Fi chip, a Bluetooth® chip, a global positioning system (GPS) chip, a near field communication (NFC) chip, connectivity chips, a sensor controller, a touch controller, a finger-print sensor controller, a display driver integrated circuit (IC), an audio CODEC chip, a universal serial bus (USB) controller, a camera controller, an image processing IC, a microprocessor unit (MPU), a system on chip (SoC), an IC, or the like.

[0044] It will be appreciated that various embodiments of the disclosure according to the claims and description in the specification can be realized in the form of hardware, software or a combination of hardware and software.

[0045] Any such software may be stored in non-transitory computer readable storage media. The non-transitory computer readable storage media store one or more computer programs (software modules), the one or more computer programs include computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device individually or collectively, cause the electronic device to perform a method of the disclosure.

[0046] Any such software may be stored in the form of volatile or non-volatile storage such as, for example, a storage device like read only memory (ROM), whether erasable or rewritable or not, or in the form of memory such as, for example, random access memory (RAM), memory chips, device or integrated circuits or on an optically or magnetically readable medium such as, for example, a compact disk (CD), digital versatile disc (DVD), magnetic disk or magnetic tape or the like. It will be appreciated that the storage devices and storage media are various embodiments of non-transitory machine-readable storage that are suitable for storing a computer program or computer programs comprising instructions that, when executed, implement various embodiments of the disclosure. Accordingly, various embodiments of the present disclosure may provide a program comprising code for implementing apparatus or a method as claimed in any one of the claims of this specification and a non-transitory machine-readable storage storing such a program.

[0047] Hereinafter, the determination of priority between A and B in the present disclosure may refer to various actions such as selecting the one having a higher priority based on a predefined priority rule and performing an operation corresponding thereto, or omitting or dropping an operation corresponding to the one having a lower priority.

[0048] Hereinafter, "A or B" as described in the present disclosure may be understood as "A and / or B," which may include A, or B, or both A and B.

[0049] In addition, "at least one of A, B, and C" as described in the present disclosure may be understood to include A, or B, or C, or any combination of A, B, and C.

[0050] In addition, "at least one of A, B, or C" as described in the present disclosure may be understood to include A, or B, or C, or any combination of A, B, and C.

[0051] Furthermore, "A / B" as described in the present disclosure may be understood as "A and / or B," which may include A, or B, or both A and B.

[0052] Furthermore, "A, B" as described in the present disclosure may be understood as "A and / or B," which may include A, or B, or both A and B.

[0053] Furthermore, "A and B" as described in the present disclosure may be understood as "A and / or B," which may include A, or B, or both A and B.

[0054] Furthermore, “if condition A and condition B are satisfied,” as described in the present disclosure, may not be limited to a case where both condition A and condition B are satisfied, but may be understood to include a case where either condition A or condition B is individually satisfied, both condition A and condition B are satisfied, or one or more additional conditions are satisfied in combination.

[0055] Furthermore, throughout this disclosure, ordinal terms such as "first," "second," "third," etc., (and similar qualifiers) are used merely to distinguish between different instances, occurrences, configurations, messages, stages, or aspects of elements, operations, or information as described herein. Unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the use of such ordinal terms does not itself require that the elements, operations, or information distinguished by these terms be structurally different, numerically distinct, or substantively dissimilar. For example, a "first signal" and a "second signal" may refer to instances of the same signal transmitted at different times or containing the same core information despite minor variations, or they may refer to signals with different content or characteristics, depending on the specific context. Similarly, a "first value" and a "second value" may represent the same magnitude but measured or applied in different circumstances, or they may represent different magnitudes. The interpretation should be guided by the specific technical context, function, and relationship described in the relevant portion of the specification and claims.

[0056] Furthermore, the terms “first ~”, “second ~”, etc., as described in the present disclosure with respect to various elements (e.g., information, objects, operation, sequences, or the like), should not limit those elements. These terms may only be intended to distinguish one element from another, and may not be intended to indicate a specific order. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element.

[0057] Furthermore, even if “first ~” and “second ~” are described in the present disclosure, it may be understood that element(s) referred to by “first ~” and “second ~” may be the same or different. For example, in case of element(s) being information, first information and second information may both be same information and, in some cases, are separate and different information.

[0058] In addition, the terms “if ~” and “in case that ~” as used in the disclosure or claims may be interpreted to include the meanings of “when (or upon) ~,” “in response to ~,” “based on ~,” or “according to ~,” and may be used interchangeably with these expressions. In addition, expressions other than those exemplified herein may also be used, as long as they have substantially the same meaning and do not impair the technical features of the present disclosure.

[0059] For example, the physical layer signaling may be referred to as Layer 1 (L1) signaling and may include downlink control information (DCI). In addition, the higher layer signaling may include a medium access control (MAC) control message, a radio resource control (RRC) signaling message, a non-access stratum (NAS) signaling message, or an application layer message. The RRC signaling message may be referred to as L3 (layer 3) signaling. It should be noted, however, that the higher layer signaling is not limited to the aforementioned examples.

[0060] In addition, the term "not perform" as used in the present disclosure or claims may, in context, be understood to mean that the corresponding step is omitted or skipped. Such a term may be replaced with other terms having the same or substantially equivalent meaning.

[0061] In addition, "transmitting a message including A and B" as described in the present disclosure, may be understood as encompassing both (i) transmitting A and B in a single message, and (ii) transmitting A and B separately via multiple messages (e.g., transmitting a first message including A and a second message including B). This interpretation may also apply to messages that include two or more items (e.g., A, B, C), transmitted either together or separately.

[0062] In addition, "transmitting a message including A and transmitting a message including B" may also be interpreted as transmitting a message including A and B in a single message.

[0063] In the specific embodiments of the present disclosure described below, terms or components included in the disclosure may be expressed in singular or plural form depending on the specific embodiments presented. However, such singular or plural expressions are selected appropriately for convenience of description, and the present disclosure is not limited to a singular or plural number of components. A component expressed in the plural form may be implemented as a single component, and a component expressed in the singular form may be implemented as multiple components.

[0064] The drawings or flowcharts described below illustrate exemplary methods that may be implemented according to the principles of the present disclosure, and various modifications may be made to the methods illustrated in the flowcharts of the present disclosure. For example, although illustrated as a series of steps, various steps in each drawing or flowchart may overlap, occur in parallel, occur in a different order, or be repeated. In other examples, any step may be omitted or replaced with another step.

[0065] The methods and apparatuses proposed in the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to each embodiment individually, but may also be applied in combination of all or some of the embodiments proposed in the disclosure. Therefore, the embodiments of the present disclosure may be modified and applied without significantly departing from the scope of the present disclosure, as would be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0066] In this case, even if certain wordings are described differently across embodiments, they may be used interchangeably or in substitution or in combination if their underlying concepts are equivalent. For example, for the same or equivalent concept, even if one embodiment uses the expression "A" and another embodiment uses the expression "B", such expressions may be understood interchangeably, in substitution, or in combination.

[0067] The terms used in the following description to refer to access nodes, network entities, messages, interfaces between network entities, various types of identification information, and the like, are provided merely for the convenience of explanation by way of example. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited to the terms described below, and other terms having equivalent technical meanings may also be used. Such terms may also be interchangeable with terms defined in any 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) technical specifications (TS) where appropriate.

[0068] Hereinafter, a base station is an entity that allocates resources to terminals, and may be at least one of a gNode B, an eNode B, a Node B, a base station (BS), a wireless access unit, a BS controller, or a node on a network.

[0069] Furthermore, the base station of the present disclosure may include a split architecture comprising a central unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU). In this structure, the CU is configured to process the higher layers of the control and user planes, while the DU is configured to process lower-layer radio resource functions. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be equally applicable to 5G base station architectures in which such CU and DU functional splits are implemented.

[0070] A terminal may include a UE, a mobile station (MS), a cellular phone, a smartphone, a computer, or a multimedia system capable of performing communication functions.

[0071] In the disclosure, a downlink (DL) refers to a radio link through which a BS transmits a signal to a UE, and an uplink (UL) refers to a radio link through which a UE transmits a signal to a BS.

[0072] Furthermore, hereinafter, 5th generation (5G) mobile communication technologies (e.g., 5G new radio (NR)), 6th generation (6G) mobile communication technologies may be described by way of example, but the embodiments of the present disclosure may also be applied to other communication systems having similar technical backgrounds or channel types. For example, newly evolved mobile communication systems developed after 5G and 6G may be included. Furthermore, based on determinations by those skilled in the art, the embodiments of the present disclosure may also be applied to other communication systems (e.g., Wi-Fi systems) through some modifications without significantly departing from the scope of the present disclosure

[0073] In the following description, the terms physical channel and signal may be used interchangeably with data or control signal. For example, the term physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) refers to a physical channel through which data is transmitted, but the term PDSCH may also be used to refer to the data itself. That is, in the present disclosure, the expression "transmit a physical channel" may be interpreted as being equivalent to the expression "transmit data or a signal via a physical channel."

[0074] Hereinafter, in the context of the present disclosure, higher layer signaling may refer to signaling corresponding to at least one or any combination of the following: master information block (MIB), system information block (SIB) or SIB M (M = 1, 2, ...), radio resource control (RRC), or medium access control (MAC) control element (CE), or a non-access stratum (NAS) signaling message, or an application layer message. The RRC signaling message may be referred to as L3 (layer 3) signaling.

[0075] In addition, L1 signaling may refer to signaling corresponding to at least one or any combination of signaling techniques using the at least one or any combination of the following physical layer channels or signaling: physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), downlink control information (DCI), user equipment (UE)-specific DCI, group-common DCI, common DCI, scheduling DCI (e.g., DCI used for scheduling downlink or uplink data), non-scheduling DCI (e.g., DCI not used for scheduling downlink or uplink data) physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), or uplink control information (UCI). The L1 signaling message may be referred to as a physical layer signaling.

[0076] Hereinafter, the expression that information is configured by the BS, as used in the present disclosure or claims, may, in context, be understood to mean that the terminal receives the corresponding information from the BS via a physical layer signaling or a higher layer signaling. Such an expression may be replaced with other terms having the same or substantially equivalent meaning.

[0077] Hereinafter, the operational principle of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0078] The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 690,645 filed on September 4, 2024 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.　63 / 721,193 filed on November 15, 2024, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

[0079] Wireless communication has been one of the most successful innovations in modern history. Recently, the number of subscribers to wireless communication services exceeded five billion and continues to grow quickly. The demand of wireless data traffic is rapidly increasing due to the growing popularity among consumers and businesses of smart phones and other mobile data devices, such as tablets, “note pad” computers, net books, eBook readers, and machine type of devices. In order to meet the high growth in mobile data traffic and support new applications and deployments, improvements in radio interface efficiency and coverage are of paramount importance. To meet the demand for wireless data traffic having increased since deployment of 4G communication systems, and to enable various vertical applications, 5G communication systems have been developed and are currently being deployed.

[0080] FIGS. 1-12 discussed below, and the various, non-limiting embodiments used to describe the principles of the present disclosure in this patent document are by way of illustration only and should not be construed in any way to limit the scope of the disclosure. Those skilled in the art will understand that the principles of the present disclosure may be implemented in any suitably arranged system or device.

[0081] To meet the demand for wireless data traffic having increased since deployment of 4G communication systems, and to enable various vertical applications, 5G / NR communication systems have been developed and are currently being deployed. The 5G / NR communication system is implemented in higher frequency (mmWave) bands, e.g., 28 GHz or 60GHz bands, so as to accomplish higher data rates or in lower frequency bands, such as 6 GHz, to enable robust coverage and mobility support. To decrease propagation loss of the radio waves and increase the transmission distance, the beamforming, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), full dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antenna, an analog beam forming, large scale antenna techniques are discussed in 5G / NR communication systems.

[0082] In addition, in 5G / NR communication systems, development for system network improvement is under way based on advanced small cells, cloud radio access networks (RANs), ultra-dense networks, device-to-device (D2D) communication, wireless backhaul, moving network, cooperative communication, coordinated multi-points (CoMP), reception-end interference cancelation and the like.

[0083] The discussion of 5G systems and frequency bands associated therewith is for reference as certain embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in 5G systems.　 However, the present disclosure is not limited to 5G systems, or the frequency bands associated therewith, and embodiments of the present disclosure may be utilized in connection with any frequency band. For example, aspects of the present disclosure may also be applied to deployment of 5G communication systems, 6G, or even later releases which may use terahertz (THz) bands.

[0084] The following documents and standards descriptions are hereby incorporated by reference into the present disclosure as if fully set forth herein: [REF 1] 3GPP TS 36.211 v17.1.0, “E-UTRA, Physical channels and modulation;” [REF 2] 3GPP TS 36.212 v17.1.0, “E-UTRA, Multiplexing and Channel coding;” [REF 3] 3GPP TS 36.213 v17.1.0, “E-UTRA, Physical Layer Procedures;” [REF 4] 3GPP TS 36.321 v17.1.0, “E-UTRA, Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specification;” [REF　5] 3GPP TS 36.331 v17.1.0, “E-UTRA, Radio Resource Control (RRC) Protocol Specification;” [REF 6] 3GPP TS 38.211 v17.1.0, “NR, Physical channels and modulation;” [REF 7] 3GPP TS 38.212 v17.1.0, “NR, Multiplexing and Channel coding;” [REF 8] 3GPP TS 38.213 v17.1.0, “NR, Physical Layer Procedures for Control;” [REF 9] 3GPP TS 38.214 v17.1.0, “NR, Physical Layer Procedures for Data;” [REF 10] 3GPP TS 38.215 v17.1.0, “NR, Physical Layer Measurements;” [REF 11] 3GPP TS 38.321 v17.1.0, “NR, Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specification;” and [REF 12] 3GPP TS 38.331 v17.1.0, “NR, Radio Resource Control (RRC) Protocol Specification;” [REF 13] 3GPP TS 38.331 v18.1.0, “NR, Radio Resource Control (RRC) Protocol Specification;” [REF 14] 3GPP TS 38.212 v18.1.0, “NR, Multiplexing and Channel coding;” [REF 15] 3GPP TS 38.213 v18.1.0, “NR, Physical Layer Procedures for Control;” [REF 16] 3GPP TS 38.214 v18.1.0, “NR, Physical Layer Procedures for Data;” [REF 17] 3GPP TS 38.211 v18.1.0, “NR, Physical channels and modulation;” [REF 18] O-RAN.WG4.CONF.0-R003-v09.00, “O-RAN Working Group 4 (Fronthaul Working Group) Conformance Test Specification;” [REF 19] O-RAN.WG4.CUS.0-R003-v13.00, “O-RAN Working Group 4 (Open Fronthaul Interfaces WG) - Control, User and Synchronization Plane Specification; and [REF 20] 3GPP TS 38.321 v18.1.0, “NR, Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specification.”

[0085] FIGS. 1-6 below describe various embodiments implemented in wireless communications systems and with the use of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communication techniques. The descriptions of FIGS. 1-3 are not meant to imply physical or architectural limitations to how different embodiments may be implemented. Different embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in any suitably arranged communications system.

[0086] FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless network 100 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the wireless network 100 shown in FIG. 1 is for illustration only. Other embodiments of the wireless network 100 could be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0087] As shown in FIG. 1, the wireless network 100 includes a gNB 101 (e.g., base station, BS), a gNB 102, and a gNB 103. The gNB 101 communicates with the gNB 102 and the gNB 103. The gNB 101 also communicates with at least one network 130, such as the Internet, a proprietary Internet Protocol (IP) network, or other data network.

[0088] The gNB 102 provides wireless broadband access to the network 130 for a first plurality of user equipments (UEs) within a coverage area 120 of the gNB 102. The first plurality of UEs includes a UE 111, which may be located in a small business; a UE 112, which may be located in an enterprise; a UE 113, which may be a WiFi hotspot; a UE 114, which may be located in a first residence; a UE 115, which may be located in a second residence; and a UE 116, which may be a mobile device, such as a cell phone, a wireless laptop, a wireless PDA, or the like. The gNB 103 provides wireless broadband access to the network 130 for a second plurality of UEs within a coverage area 125 of the gNB 103. The second plurality of UEs includes the UE 115 and the UE 116. In some embodiments, one or more of the gNBs 101-103 may communicate with each other and with the UEs 111-116 using 5G / NR, long term evolution (LTE), long term evolution-advanced (LTE-A), WiMAX, WiFi, or other wireless communication techniques.

[0089] Depending on the network type, the term “base station” or “BS” can refer to any component (or collection of components) configured to provide wireless access to a network, such as transmit point (TP), transmit-receive point (TRP), an enhanced base station (eNodeB or eNB), a 5G / NR base station (gNB), a macrocell, a femtocell, a WiFi access point (AP), or other wirelessly enabled devices. Base stations may provide wireless access in accordance with one or more wireless communication protocols, e.g., 5G / NR 3rdgeneration partnership project (3GPP) NR, long term evolution (LTE), LTE advanced (LTE-A), high speed packet access (HSPA), Wi-Fi 802.11a / b / g / n / ac, etc. For the sake of convenience, the terms “BS” and “TRP” are used interchangeably in this patent document to refer to network infrastructure components that provide wireless access to remote terminals. Also, depending on the network type, the term “user equipment” or “UE” can refer to any component such as “mobile station,” “subscriber station,” “remote terminal,” “wireless terminal,” “receive point,” or “user device.” For the sake of convenience, the terms “user equipment” and “UE” are used in this patent document to refer to remote wireless equipment that wirelessly accesses a BS, whether the UE is a mobile device (such as a mobile telephone or smartphone) or is normally considered a stationary device (such as a desktop computer or vending machine).

[0090] The dotted lines show the approximate extents of the coverage areas 120 and 125, which are shown as approximately circular for the purposes of illustration and explanation only. It should be clearly understood that the coverage areas associated with gNBs, such as the coverage areas 120 and 125, may have other shapes, including irregular shapes, depending upon the configuration of the gNBs and variations in the radio environment associated with natural and man-made obstructions.

[0091] As described in more detail below, one or more of the UEs 111-116 include circuitry, programing, or a combination thereof for performing UL transmission. In certain embodiments, one or more of the BSs 101-103 include circuitry, programing, or a combination thereof to support UL transmission.

[0092] Although FIG. 1 illustrates one example of a wireless network, various changes may be made to FIG. 1. For example, the wireless network 100 could include any number of gNBs and any number of UEs in any suitable arrangement. Also, the gNB 101 could communicate directly with any number of UEs and provide those UEs with wireless broadband access to the network 130. Similarly, each gNB 102-103 could communicate directly with the network 130 and provide UEs with direct wireless broadband access to the network 130. Further, the gNBs 101, 102, and / or 103 could provide access to other or additional external networks, such as external telephone networks or other types of data networks.

[0093] FIG. 2 illustrates an example gNB 102 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the gNB 102 illustrated in FIG. 2 is for illustration only, and the gNBs 101 and 103 of FIG. 1 could have the same or similar configuration. However, gNBs come in a wide variety of configurations, and FIG. 2 does not limit the scope of the present disclosure to any particular implementation of a gNB.

[0094] As shown in FIG. 2, the gNB 102 includes multiple antennas 205a-205n, multiple transceivers 210a-210n, a controller / processor 225, a memory 230, and a backhaul or network interface 235.

[0095] The transceivers 210a-210n receive, from the antennas 205a-205n, incoming radio frequency (RF) signals, such as signals transmitted by UEs in the wireless network 100. The transceivers 210a-210n down-convert the incoming RF signals to generate IF or baseband signals. The IF or baseband signals are processed by receive (RX) processing circuitry in the transceivers 210a-210n and / or controller / processor 225, which generates processed baseband signals by filtering, decoding, and / or digitizing the baseband or IF signals. The controller / processor 225 may further process the baseband signals.

[0096] Transmit (TX) processing circuitry in the transceivers 210a-210n and / or controller / processor 225 receives analog or digital data (such as voice data, web data, e-mail, or interactive video game data) from the controller / processor 225. The TX processing circuitry encodes, multiplexes, and / or digitizes the outgoing baseband data to generate processed baseband or IF signals. The transceivers 210a-210n up-converts the baseband or IF signals to RF signals that are transmitted via the antennas 205a-205n.

[0097] The controller / processor 225 can include one or more processors or other processing devices that control the overall operation of the gNB 102. For example, the controller / processor 225 could control the reception of uplink (UL) channel signals and the transmission of downlink (DL) channel signals by the transceivers 210a-210n in accordance with well-known principles. The controller / processor 225 could support additional functions as well, such as more advanced wireless communication functions. For instance, the controller / processor 225 could support beam forming or directional routing operations in which outgoing / incoming signals from / to multiple antennas 205a-205n are weighted differently to effectively steer the outgoing signals in a desired direction. As another example, the controller / processor 225 could support methods for UL transmission. Any of a wide variety of other functions could be supported in the gNB 102 by the controller / processor 225.

[0098] The controller / processor 225 is also capable of executing programs and other processes resident in the memory 230, such as processes to support UL transmission. The controller / processor 225 can move data into or out of the memory 230 as required by an executing process.

[0099] The controller / processor 225 is also coupled to the backhaul or network interface 235. The backhaul or network interface 235 allows the gNB 102 to communicate with other devices or systems over a backhaul connection or over a network. The interface 235 could support communications over any suitable wired or wireless connection(s). For example, when the gNB 102 is implemented as part of a cellular communication system (such as one supporting 5G / NR, LTE, or LTE-A), the interface 235 could allow the gNB 102 to communicate with other gNBs over a wired or wireless backhaul connection. When the gNB 102 is implemented as an access point, the interface 235 could allow the gNB 102 to communicate over a wired or wireless local area network or over a wired or wireless connection to a larger network (such as the Internet). The interface 235 includes any suitable structure supporting communications over a wired or wireless connection, such as an Ethernet or transceiver.

[0100] The memory 230 is coupled to the controller / processor 225. Part of the memory 230 could include a RAM, and another part of the memory 230 could include a Flash memory or other ROM.

[0101] Although FIG. 2 illustrates one example of gNB 102, various changes may be made to FIG. 2. For example, the gNB 102 could include any number of each component shown in FIG. 2. Also, various components in FIG. 2 could be combined, further subdivided, or omitted and additional components could be added according to particular needs.

[0102] FIG. 3 illustrates an example UE 116 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the UE 116 illustrated in FIG. 3 is for illustration only, and the UEs 111-115 of FIG. 1 could have the same or similar configuration. However, UEs come in a wide variety of configurations, and FIG. 3 does not limit the scope of the present disclosure to any particular implementation of a UE.

[0103] As shown in FIG. 3, the UE　116 includes antenna(s) 305, a transceiver(s) 310, and a microphone 320. The UE　116 also includes a speaker 330, a processor 340, an input / output (I / O) interface (IF) 345, an input 350, a display 355, and a memory 360. The memory 360 includes an operating system (OS) 361 and one or more applications 362.

[0104] The transceiver(s) 310 receives from the antenna(s) 305, an incoming RF signal transmitted by a gNB of the wireless network 100. The transceiver(s) 310 down-converts the incoming RF signal to generate an intermediate frequency (IF) or baseband signal. The IF or baseband signal is processed by RX processing circuitry in the transceiver(s) 310 and / or processor 340, which generates a processed baseband signal by filtering, decoding, and / or digitizing the baseband or IF signal. The RX processing circuitry sends the processed baseband signal to the speaker 330 (such as for voice data) or is processed by the processor 340 (such as for web browsing data).

[0105] TX processing circuitry in the transceiver(s) 310 and / or processor 340 receives analog or digital voice data from the microphone 320 or other outgoing baseband data (such as web data, e-mail, or interactive video game data) from the processor 340. The TX processing circuitry encodes, multiplexes, and / or digitizes the outgoing baseband data to generate a processed baseband or IF signal. The transceiver(s) 310 up-converts the baseband or IF signal to an RF signal that is transmitted via the antenna(s) 305.

[0106] The processor 340 can include one or more processors or other processing devices and execute the OS 361 stored in the memory 360 in order to control the overall operation of the UE 116. For example, the processor 340 could control the reception of DL channel signals and the transmission of UL channel signals by the transceiver(s) 310 in accordance with well-known principles. In some embodiments, the processor 340 includes at least one microprocessor or microcontroller.

[0107] The processor 340 is also capable of executing other processes and programs resident in the memory 360. For example, the processor 340 may execute processes for UL transmission as described in embodiments of the present disclosure. The processor 340 can move data into or out of the memory 360 as required by an executing process. In some embodiments, the processor 340 is configured to execute the applications 362 based on the OS 361 or in response to signals received from gNBs or an operator. The processor 340 is also coupled to the I / O interface 345, which provides the UE 116 with the ability to connect to other devices, such as laptop computers and handheld computers. The I / O interface 345 is the communication path between these accessories and the processor 340.

[0108] The processor 340 is also coupled to the input 350, which includes, for example, a touchscreen, keypad, etc., and the display 355. The operator of the UE 116 can use the input 350 to enter data into the UE 116. The display 355 may be a liquid crystal display, light emitting diode display, or other display capable of rendering text and / or at least limited graphics, such as from web sites.

[0109] The memory 360 is coupled to the processor 340. Part of the memory 360 could include a random-access memory (RAM), and another part of the memory 360 could include a Flash memory or other read-only memory (ROM).

[0110] Although FIG. 3 illustrates one example of UE 116, various changes may be made to FIG. 3. For example, various components in FIG. 3 could be combined, further subdivided, or omitted and additional components could be added according to particular needs. As a particular example, the processor 340 could be divided into multiple processors, such as one or more central processing units (CPUs) and one or more graphics processing units (GPUs). In another example, the transceiver(s) 310 may include any number of transceivers and signal processing chains and may be connected to any number of antennas. Also, while FIG. 3 illustrates the UE 116 configured as a mobile telephone or smartphone, UEs could be configured to operate as other types of mobile or stationary devices.

[0111] FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B illustrate an example of wireless transmit and receive paths 400 and 450, respectively, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, a transmit path 400 may be described as being implemented in a gNB (such as gNB 102), while a receive path 450 may be described as being implemented in a UE (such as UE 116). However, it will be understood that the receive path 450 can be implemented in a gNB and that the transmit path 400 can be implemented in a UE. In some embodiments, the transmit path 400 is configured for UL transmission as described in embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the receive path 450 is configured for UL transmission as described in embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0112] As illustrated in FIG. 4A, the transmit path 400 includes a channel coding and modulation block 405, a serial-to-parallel (S-to-P) block 410, a size N Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) block 415, a parallel-to-serial (P-to-S) block 420, an add cyclic prefix block 425, and an up-converter (UC) 430. The receive path 450 includes a down-converter (DC) 455, a remove cyclic prefix block 460, a S-to-P block 465, a size N Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) block 470, a parallel-to-serial (P-to-S) block 475, and a channel decoding and demodulation block 480.

[0113] In the transmit path 400, the channel coding and modulation block 405 receives a set of information bits, applies coding (such as a low-density parity check (LDPC) coding), and modulates the input bits (such as with Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) or Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)) to generate a sequence of frequency-domain modulation symbols. The serial-to-parallel block 410 converts (such as de-multiplexes) the serial modulated symbols to parallel data in order to generate N parallel symbol streams, where N is the IFFT / FFT size used in the gNB and the UE. The size N IFFT block 415 performs an IFFT operation on the N parallel symbol streams to generate time-domain output signals. The parallel-to-serial block 420 converts (such as multiplexes) the parallel time-domain output symbols from the size N IFFT block 415 in order to generate a serial time-domain signal. The add cyclic prefix block 425 inserts a cyclic prefix to the time-domain signal. The up-converter 430 modulates (such as up-converts) the output of the add cyclic prefix block 425 to a RF frequency for transmission via a wireless channel. The signal may also be filtered at a baseband before conversion to the RF frequency.

[0114] As illustrated in FIG. 4B, the down-converter 455 down-converts the received signal to a baseband frequency, and the remove cyclic prefix block 460 removes the cyclic prefix to generate a serial time-domain baseband signal. The serial-to-parallel block 465 converts the time-domain baseband signal to parallel time-domain signals. The size N FFT block 470 performs an FFT algorithm to generate N parallel frequency-domain signals. The (P-to-S) block 475 converts the parallel frequency-domain signals to a sequence of modulated data symbols. The channel decoding and demodulation block 480 demodulates and decodes the modulated symbols to recover the original input data stream.

[0115] Each of the gNBs 101-103 may implement a transmit path 400 that is analogous to transmitting in the downlink to UEs 111-116 and may implement a receive path 450 that is analogous to receiving in the uplink from UEs 111-116. Similarly, each of UEs 111-116 may implement a transmit path 400 for transmitting in the uplink to gNBs 101-103 and may implement a receive path 450 for receiving in the downlink from gNBs 101-103.

[0116] Each of the components in FIGS. 4A and 4B can be implemented using only hardware or using a combination of hardware and software / firmware. As a particular example, at least some of the components in FIGS. 4A and 4B may be implemented in software, while other components may be implemented by configurable hardware or a mixture of software and configurable hardware. For instance, the FFT block 470 and the IFFT block 415 may be implemented as configurable software algorithms, where the value of size N may be modified according to the implementation.

[0117] Furthermore, although described as using FFT and IFFT, this is by way of illustration only and should not be construed to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other types of transforms, such as Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) functions, can be used. It will be appreciated that the value of the variable N may be any integer number (such as 1, 2, 3, 4, or the like) for DFT and IDFT functions, while the value of the variable N may be any integer number that is a power of two (such as 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or the like) for FFT and IFFT functions.

[0118] Although FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate examples of wireless transmit and receive paths 400 and 450, respectively, various changes may be made to FIGS. 4A and 4B. For example, various components in FIGS. 4A and 4B can be combined, further subdivided, or omitted and additional components can be added according to particular needs. Also, FIGS. 4A and 4B are meant to illustrate examples of the types of transmit and receive paths that can be used in a wireless network. Any other suitable architectures can be used to support wireless communications in a wireless network.

[0119] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a transmitter structure 500 for beamforming according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In certain embodiments, one or more of gNB 102 or UE 116 includes the transmitter structure 500. For example, one or more of antenna 205 and its associated systems or antenna 305 and its associated systems can be included in transmitter structure 500. This example is for illustration only and other embodiments can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0120] Accordingly, embodiments of the present disclosure recognize that Rel-14 LTE and Rel-15 NR support up to 32 channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) antenna ports which enable an eNB or a gNB to be equipped with a large number of antenna elements (such as 64 or 128). A plurality of antenna elements can then be mapped onto one CSI-RS port. For mmWave bands, although a number of antenna elements can be larger for a given form factor, a number of CSI-RS ports, that can correspond to the number of digitally precoded ports, can be limited due to hardware constraints (such as the feasibility to install a large number of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) / digital-to-analog converters (DACs) at mmWave frequencies) as illustrated in FIG. 5. Then, one CSI-RS port can be mapped onto a large number of antenna elements that can be controlled by a bank of analog phase shifters 501. One CSI-RS port can then correspond to one sub-array which produces a narrow analog beam through analog beamforming 505. This analog beam can be configured to sweep across a wider range of angles 520 by varying the phase shifter bank across symbols or slots / subframes. The number of sub-arrays (equal to the number of RF chains) is the same as the number of CSI-RS portsNCSI-PORT. A digital beamforming unit 510 performs a linear combination acrossNCSI-PORTanalog beams to further increase a precoding gain. While analog beams are wideband (hence not frequency-selective), digital precoding can be varied across frequency sub-bands or resource blocks. Receiver operation can be conceived analogously.

[0121] Since the transmitter structure 500 of FIG. 5 utilizes multiple analog beams for transmission and reception (wherein one or a small number of analog beams are selected out of a large number, for instance, after a training duration that is occasionally or periodically performed), the term “multi-beam operation” is used to refer to the overall system aspect. This includes, for the purpose of illustration, indicating the assigned DL or UL TX beam (also termed “beam indication”), measuring at least one reference signal for calculating and performing beam reporting (also termed “beam measurement” and “beam reporting”, respectively), and receiving a DL or UL transmission via a selection of a corresponding RX beam. The system of FIG. 5 is also applicable to higher frequency bands such as >52.6GHz (also termed frequency range 4 or FR4). In this case, the system can employ only analog beams. Due to the O2 absorption loss around 60 GHz frequency (~10 dB additional loss per 100 m distance), a larger number and narrower analog beams (hence a larger number of radiators in the array) are essential to compensate for the additional path loss.

[0122] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communication systems and, more specifically, toUL transmission based on a codebook.

[0123] In NR, two transmission schemes are supported for physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH): codebook based transmission and non-codebook based transmission. The UE (e.g., the UE 116) is configured with codebook based transmission when the higher layer parametertxConfiginpusch-Configis set to 'codebook', the UE is configured non-codebook based transmission when the higher layer parametertxConfigis set to 'nonCodebook'.

[0124] According to Section 6.1.1.1 [REF 9], the following is supported for codebook based UL transmission.

[0125] For codebook based transmission, PUSCH can be scheduled by downlink control information (DCI) format 0_0, DCI format 0_1, DCI format 0_2 or semi-statically configured to operate according to Clause 6.1.2.3 [REF 9]. If this PUSCH is scheduled by DCI format 0_1, DCI format 0_2, or semi-statically configured to operate according to Clause 6.1.2.3 [REF 9], the UE determines its PUSCH transmission precoder based on sounding reference signal (SRS) resource indicator, transmit precoding matrix indicator　(TPMI) and the transmission rank, where the SRI, TPMI and the transmission rank are given by DCI fields of SRS resource indicator and Precoding information and number of layers in clause 7.3.1.1.2 and 7.3.1.1.3 of [REF 5] for DCI format 0_1 and 0_2 or given bysrs-ResourceIndicatorandprecodingAndNumberOfLayersaccording to clause 6.1.2.3. TheSRS-ResourceSet(s)applicable for PUSCH scheduled by DCI format 0_1 and DCI format 0_2 are defined by the entries of the higher layer parametersrs-ResourceSetToAddModListandsrs-ResourceSetToAddModListDCI-0-2inSRS-config, respectively. Only one SRS resource set can be configured insrs-ResourceSetToAddModListwith higher layer parameterusageinSRS-ResourceSetset to 'codebook', and only one SRS resource set can be configured insrs-ResourceSetToAddModListDCI-0-2with higher layer parameterusageinSRS-ResourceSetset to 'codebook'. The TPMI is used to indicate the precoder to be applied over the layers {0... -1} and that corresponds to the SRS resource selected by the SRI when multiple SRS resources are configured, or if a single SRS resource is configured TPMI is used to indicate the precoder to be applied over the layers {0... -1} and that corresponds to the SRS resource. The transmission precoder is selected from the uplink codebook that has a number of antenna ports equal to higher layer parameternrofSRS-Portsin SRS-Config, as defined in Clause 6.3.1.5 of [4, TS 38.211]. When the UE is configured with the higher layer parametertxConfigset to 'codebook', the UE is configured with at least one SRS resource. The indicated SRI in slotnis associated with the most recent transmission of SRS resource identified by the SRI, where the SRS resource is prior to the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carrying the SRI.

[0126] For codebook based transmission, the UE determines its codebook subsets based on TPMI and upon the reception of higher layer parametercodebookSubsetinpusch-Configfor PUSCH associated with DCI format 0_1 andcodebookSubsetDCI-0-2inpusch-Configfor PUSCH associated with DCI format 0_2 which may be configured with'fullyAndPartialAndNonCoherent', or'partialAndNonCoherent', or 'nonCoherent' depending on the UE capability. When higher layer parameterul-FullPowerTransmissionis set to 'fullpowerMode2'and the higher layer parametercodebookSubsetor the higher layer parametercodebookSubsetForDCI-Format0-2is set to'partialAndNonCoherent', and when the SRS-resourceSet with usage set to "codebook" includes at least one SRS resource with 4 ports and one SRS resource with 2 ports, the codebookSubset associated with the 2-port SRS resource is 'nonCoherent'. The maximum transmission rank may be configured by the higher layer parametermaxRankinpusch-Configfor PUSCH scheduled with DCI format 0_1 andmaxRank-ForDCIFormat0_2for PUSCH scheduled with DCI format 0_2.

[0127] A UE reporting its UE capability of 'partialAndNonCoherent' transmission shall not expect to be configured by eithercodebookSubsetorcodebookSubsetForDCI-Format0-2with 'fullyAndPartialAndNonCoherent'.

[0128] A UE reporting its UE capability of 'nonCoherent' transmission shall not expect to be configured by eithercodebookSubsetorcodebookSubsetForDCI-Format0-2with'fullyAndPartialAndNonCoherent'or with'partialAndNonCoherent'.

[0129] A UE shall not expect to be configured with the higher layer parametercodebookSubsetor the higher layer parametercodebookSubsetForDCI-Format0-2set to'partialAndNonCoherent' when higher layer parameternrofSRS-Portsin anSRS-ResourceSetwithusageset to 'codebook' indicates that the maximum number of the configured SRS antenna ports in theSRS-ResourceSetis two.

[0130] For codebook based transmission, only one SRS resource can be indicated based on the SRI from within the SRS resource set. Except when higher layer parameterul-FullPowerTransmissionis set to 'fullpowerMode2', the maximum number of configured SRS resources for codebook based transmission is 2. If aperiodic SRS is configured for a UE, the SRS request field in DCI triggers the transmission of aperiodic SRS resources.

[0131] A UE shall not expect to be configured with higher layer parameterul-FullPowerTransmissionset to 'fullpowerMode1'andcodebookSubsetorcodebookSubsetDCI-0-2set to'fullAndPartialAndNonCoherent'simultaneously.

[0132] The UE shall transmit PUSCH using the same antenna port(s) as the SRS port(s) in the SRS resource indicated by the DCI format 0_1 or 0_2 or byconfiguredGrantConfigaccording to clause 6.1.2.3.

[0133] The demodulation reference signal　(DM-RS) antenna ports in Clause 6.4.1.1.3 of [4, TS38.211] are determined according to the ordering of DM-RS port(s) given by Tables 7.3.1.1.2-6 to 7.3.1.1.2-23 in Clause 7.3.1.1.2 of [5, TS 38.212].

[0134] Except when higher layer parameterul-FullPowerTransmissionis set to 'fullpowerMode2', when multiple SRS resources are configured bySRS-ResourceSetwithusageset to 'codebook', the UE shall expect that higher layer parametersnrofSRS-PortsinSRS-ResourceinSRS-ResourceSetshall be configured with the same value for these SRS resources.

[0135] In the rest of the disclosure, 'fullAndPartialAndNonCoherent', 'partialAndNonCoherent', and 'Non-Coherent' are referred to codebookSubsets depending on three coherence type / capability, where the term 'coherence' implies all or a subset of antenna ports at the UE that can be used to transmit a layer coherently. In particular,

[0136] -the term 'full-coherence' (FC) implies antenna ports at the UE that can be used to transmit a layer coherently.

[0137] -the term 'partial-coherence' (PC) implies a subset (at least two but less than all) of antenna ports at the UE that can be used to transmit a layer coherently.

[0138] -the term 'non-coherence' (NC) implies only one antenna port at the UE that can be used to transmit a layer.

[0139] When the UE is configured with codebookSubset = 'fullAndPartialAndNonCoherent', the UL codebook includes three types (FC, PC, NC) of precoding matrices; when the UE is configured with codebookSubset = 'partialAndNonCoherent', the UL codebook includes two types (PC, NC) of precoding matrices; and when the UE is configured with codebookSubset = 'nonCoherent', the UL codebook includes only one type (NC) of precoding matrices.

[0140] According to Section 6.3.1.5 of REF 7, for non-codebook-based UL transmission, the precoding matrix equals the identity matrix. For codebook-based UL transmission, the precoding matrix is given by for single-layer transmission on a single antenna port, otherwise by Table 1 to Table 6, which are provided herein.

[0141] The rank (or number of layers) and the corresponding precoding matrix are indicated to the UE using transmission rank indicator (TRI) and TPMI, respectively. In one example, this indication is joint via a field 'Precoding information and number of layers' in DCI, e.g., using DCI format 0_1. In another example, this indication is via higher layer RRC signaling. In one example, the mapping between a field 'Precoding information and number of layers' and TRI / TPMI is according to Section 7.3.1.1.2 of [REF 10].

[0142]

[0143]

[0144]

[0145]

[0146]

[0147]

[0148] The subset of TPMI indices for the three coherence types are summarized in Table 7andTable 8, where rank =rcorresponds to (and is equivalent to)rlayers.

[0149]

[0150]

[0151] The corresponding supported codebookSubsets are summarized in Table 9 and Table 10.

[0152]

[0153]

[0154] In up to Rel. 17 NR, for UL transmission, the 3GPP specification supports 1, 2, or 4 SRS antenna ports in one SRS resource. In Rel. 18, the number of SRS antenna ports can be 8, targeting devices such as CPE, FWA, and vehicular UEs. For commercial handheld devices (UEs), for example the smart phones in the current market, are generally restricted by 2Tx chains (or antenna ports). Even though 4 Tx chains (or antenna ports) are supported in Rel.15 NR, 4 Tx chains are not likely to be applied in the commercial handheld UEs in the near future due to various commercial factors, including the PA cost and limited size of commercial cell phones. However, the advanced or next / future generation of smartphones are (or likely to be) capable of supporting 3 Tx chains in one same frequency band. Embodiments of the present disclosure recognize that this can boost the UL throughput significantly.

[0155] This disclosure provides embodiments for UL enhancements for UEs with 3 antenna ports. In particular, it provided examples of UL codebook, and SRS resource for codebook-based PUSCH transmission using 3 antenna ports. The scope of the disclosure is not limited to only these embodiments, but includes any extensions or combinations of the embodiments. Besides, example codebooks for 3 antenna ports provided in this disclosure can also be used for DL (e.g. for CSI / precoding matrix indicator (PMI) reporting based on 3 CSI-RS antenna ports at NW / gNB), or sidelink (SL) (e.g. for CSI / PMI reporting based on 3 CSI-RS antenna ports at a SL UE / device). It can also be used to configure / trigger a CSI report for network energy saving (NES) applications wherein the NW / gNB may want to trigger (e.g. dynamically via MAC CE or DCI) a sub-configurations of the CSI report in which the number of CSI-RS ports is less than that at the NW / gNB. For instance, NW / gNB may trigger a CSI report for 3 CSI-RS ports that are a subset of >3 (e.g. 4, or 8) CSI-RS ports.

[0156] The present disclosure relates to codebook-based UL transmission for odd number (e.g. 3, 5, ...) of antenna ports. The disclosure includes the following:

[0157] -UL codebook design for odd number of antenna ports that can be grouped into groups

[0158] -Details on codebook design for 3 antenna ports

[0159] In the following, for brevity, both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) are regarded as the duplex method for both DL and UL signaling.

[0160] Although exemplary descriptions and embodiments to follow expect orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), this disclosure can be extended to other OFDM-based transmission waveforms or multiple access schemes such as filtered OFDM (F-OFDM).

[0161] This disclosure covers several components which can be used in conjunction or in combination with one another, or can operate as standalone schemes.

[0162] FIG. 6 example antenna port layouts 600 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, port layouts 600 can be implemented in any of the UEs 111-116 of FIG. 1, such as the UE 111. This example is for illustration only and other embodiments can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0163] In this disclosure, a UE with odd number of antenna ports is provided. Antenna ports of the UE can belong to a single antenna panel or group (i.e., they are co-located, for example, at one plane, side, or edge of the UE) or multiple antenna panels or groups. For a given antenna panel or group,N1andN2are the number of antenna ports with the same polarization in the first and second dimensions, respectively. For 2D antenna port layouts,N1> 1,N2> 1, and for 1D antenna port layouts, eitherN1> 1 andN2= 1 orN2> 1 andN1= 1. In the rest of the disclosure, 1D antenna port layouts withN1> 1 andN2= 1 is provided. The disclosure, however, is applicable to the other 1D port layouts withN2> 1 andN1= 1. Also, in the rest of the disclosure, The disclosure, however, is applicable to the case when and the embodiments for applies to the case by swapping / switching with ). For a given antenna panel or group, when a (single-polarized) co-polarized antenna port layout, the total number of antenna ports is P=N1N2and when a dual-polarized antenna port layout, the total number of antenna ports is P=2N1N2. When the UE has antenna ports, an illustration of antenna port layouts is shown in Table 11.

[0164] Let be the number of antenna port groups (panels). For a co-polarized (single polarized) case,

[0165] - one group comprising 3 antenna ports,

[0166] - two groups, one comprising 2 antenna ports, and another comprising 1 antenna port, and

[0167] - three groups, each comprising 1 antenna port.

[0168] For a dual-polarized (cross-polarized) case,

[0169] - one group comprising 2 cross-pol antenna ports, and 1 single-pol antenna port.

[0170] - two groups, one comprising 2 cross-pol antenna ports, and another comprising 1 single-pol antenna port.

[0171] Let denotes the number of antenna polarizations (or groups of antenna ports with the same polarization). Then, for co-polarized antenna ports, and for dual- or cross (X)-polarized antenna ports In one example, the antenna ports at the UE (e.g., the UE 116) refers to SRS antenna ports (either in one SRS resource or across multiple SRS resources).

[0172] The UL codebook W for antenna ports at the UE is based on pre-coding vectors which are according to one of the three examples in Table 11depending on whether the antenna ports are co-polarized or a combination of co-polarized and cross- / dual-polarized.

[0173] -Ex1: corresponds to with co-polarized ports.

[0174] -Ex2: corresponds to 1D antenna layout, with cross-pol ports and co-polarized ports.

[0175] -Ex3: corresponds to 2D antenna layout, and with cross-pol ports and co-polarized ports.

[0176]

[0177] Here, is a Kronecker product ( of vectors and of lengths and respectively. In one example, and are oversampled DFT vectors, i.e.,

[0178]

[0179]

[0180] whereO1andO2are oversampling factors in two dimensions, and is then given by

[0181]

[0182] In one example, both In one example,O1andO2can take the same values as Rel.15 NR Type I codebook (cf. 5.2.2.2.1, TS 38.214), i.e., when and , i.e., when Alternatively, they take different values from the Rel. 15 Type I NR codebook, for example, when and , i.e., when In one example, and is configurable (e.g. via higher layer). In one example,

[0183] The quantity is a co-phase for dual-polarized antenna port layouts. In one example, where implying that belongs to QPSK alphabet

[0184] In one example, the values of and are configured, e.g. with the higher layer parameter. A few examples of for a given number of antenna ports ( ) and antenna layout (co-pol or / and cross-pol) is given in Table 12. The notation where and is used to denote a number of -polarized antenna ports in the -th dimension, respectively.

[0185]

[0186] In one example, the values of and are fixed for a given number of antenna ports. For example, for co-pol and for dual-pol antenna. In one example, only one is supported for each value of where the supported is one of pairs in Table 12.

[0187] The number of antenna ports is provided to be in the rest of the disclosure.

[0188] In one example, antenna ports can be divided into groups. The value of or / and for each of the groups is shown in Table 13.

[0189] Table 13

[0190]

[0191] In one example, corresponds to a single antenna panel. In one example, corresponds to a full coherent (FC) UE or FC antenna layout.

[0192] In one example, corresponds to two antenna panels. In one example, corresponds to a partial coherent (PC) UE or PC antenna layout.

[0193] In one example, corresponds to three antenna panels. In one example, corresponds to a non-coherent (NC) UE or NC antenna layout.

[0194] In one example, the 3Tx UL codebook includes all of or a subset of the precoders shown in codebook tables in this disclosure.

[0195] In one embodiment, the codebook for 3 antenna ports, as described in previous embodiment (or later embodiments), can also be used / configured (to a UE) for DL (e.g. for CSI / PMI reporting based on 3 CSI-RS antenna ports at NW / gNB (e.g., the network 130 / the BS 102)), or sidelink (SL) (e.g. for CSI / PMI reporting based on 3 CSI-RS antenna ports at a SL UE / device). It can also be used to configure / trigger a CSI report for network energy saving (NES) applications wherein the NW / gNB may want to trigger (e.g. dynamically via MAC CE or DCI) a sub-configurations of the CSI report in which the number of CSI-RS ports is less than that at the NW / gNB. For instance, NW / gNB may trigger a CSI report for 3 CSI-RS ports that are a subset of >3 (e.g. 4, or 8) CSI-RS ports.

[0196] In one example, the rank 1 TPMI (and precoder) can be configured to a UE for both cases when transform precoding is enabled (DFT-s-OFDM) or disabled (CP-OFDM).

[0197] In one example, a PC precoding matrix can be defined as a matrix where each column comprises both zero and non-zero entries, e.g., at least two non-zero and remaining zero elements / entries in each column.

[0198]

[0199]

[0200] In one embodiment, the UL codebook for 3 antenna ports includes partial-coherent (PC) precoders or precoding matrices that correspond to wherein the 3 antenna ports PC precoders or precoding matrices are based on Rel. 15 2Tx UL FC precoders (rank-1 2Tx TPMI = 2,3,4,5 and rank-2 2Tx TPMI = 1,2), as shown in Table 14. Note that the scaling factors for rank 1 and 2, respectively, are not shown in Table 14. The notation ) and ) respectively denote the 2Tx submatrices used to represent or construct the 3Tx precoder for Ng=2. In one example, the notation and can be used to represent the 2 precoders with scaling, as shown in Table 15. In one example, In one example, In one example, In one example,

[0201] In one example, when the 3 port indices are {1,2,3}, the two groups or or

[0202] In one example, when the 3 port indices are {0,1,2}, the two groups {(0,1), 2}, or {(0,2), 1} or {(1,2), 0}.

[0203] If numbering A is used to construct 3Tx precoders based on 2Tx precoders, then the 2Tx precoders are applied to consecutive 2 out of 3 ports, i.e., (1,2 or 3) or (0,1 or 2). Or, if numbering B is used to construct 3Tx precoders based on 2Tx precoders, then the 2Tx precoders are applied to one of the following port pairs, {(1,3), (2)} or {(0,2), (1)}

[0204] In one example, the precoding matrix for numbering scheme B can be obtained by row permutation (ordering) of the precoding matrix for numbering scheme A. For example,

[0205]

[0206] where the subscripts and denote the row of the respective matrix; is given by Table　16.

[0207]

[0208] The row index maps to ports respectively, are defined later. In one example, is referred to as intermediate precoder or precoding matrix. In one example, In one example, Let denote an column vector whose -th entry is 1, and remaining entries are Then, In one example, Let is a rank 1 precoding matrix for 2 antenna ports, and an column vector whose entry is Then,

[0209]

[0210] For the group that is not applied any layers, a zero matrix is included in the corresponding rank 3Tx precoders. In one example, the 3Tx precoders are scaled (multiplied) by In one example, In one example, In one example, where is a rank value. In one example, where is a number of non-zero entries in the precoder.

[0211] In one example, the 3Tx precoders included in the codebook correspond to all of or a subset of those in Table 17 or / and Table 18 or / and Table 19, where the port split (P1,P2) refers to number of ports in two groups and the layer split (L1,L2) refers to number of ports in two groups

[0212]

[0213]

[0214]

[0215]

[0216]

[0217]

[0218] In one embodiment, the rank 1 (1 layer) UL codebook for 3 antenna ports includes PC precoders that correspond to all of or a subset of those in Table 20 or / and Table 21 or / and Table 22. In one example,

[0219]

[0220]

[0221]

[0222] In one embodiment, the rank 2 (2 layers) UL codebook for 3 antenna ports includes PC precoding matrices that correspond to all of or a subset of those in Table 23 or / and Table 24 or / and Table 25. In one example, In one example,

[0223]

[0224]

[0225]

[0226] In one embodiment, the rank 3 (3 layers) UL codebook for 3 antenna ports includes PC precoding matrices that correspond to all of or a subset of those in Table 26 or / and Table 27 or / and Table 28. In one example, In one example,

[0227]

[0228]

[0229]

[0230] In one embodiment, the rank 3 (3 layers) UL codebook for 3 antenna ports includes PC precoding matrices that correspond to all of or a subset of those in Table 29 or / and Table 30 or / and Table 31. In one example, In one example, In one example, In one example, In one example, In one example, or 1 subject to UE capability. For instance, the UE (e.g., the UE 116) can report via capability reporting whether it supports or Or, the UE can report via capability reporting whether it supports or or both The value of can then be fixed or configured (via higher layer) based on or subject to the capability reporting.

[0231] In one embodiment, the codebook for 3 antenna ports, as described in previous embodiment (or later embodiments), can also be used / configured (to a UE) for DL (e.g. for CSI / PMI reporting based on 3 CSI-RS antenna ports at NW / gNB), or sidelink (SL) (e.g. for CSI / PMI reporting based on 3 CSI-RS antenna ports at a SL UE / device). It can also be used to configure / trigger a CSI report for network energy saving (NES) applications wherein the NW / gNB may want to trigger (e.g. dynamically via MAC CE or DCI) a sub-configurations of the CSI report in which the number of CSI-RS ports is less than that at the NW / gNB. For instance, NW / gNB may trigger a CSI report for 3 CSI-RS ports that are a subset of >3 (e.g. 4, or 8) CSI-RS ports.

[0232] In one embodiment, the UL codebook for 3 antenna ports includes non-coherent (NC) precoders or precoding matrices, in addition to partial-coherent (PC) precoders or precoding matrices, according to one or more embodiments described herein, where a NC precoder or precoding matrix can be defined as a matrix who's each column comprises one non-zero entry and the rest zero entries, e.g., each column is a port selection vector. An example of the NC precoding matrices is shown in Table 32. In one example, where or 2 or or where is a number of non-zero entries in the precoder. In one example, In one example, In one example,

[0233]

[0234] In one example, a NC 3Tx precoder is indicated via a TPMI, where for maxRank equals to 1, TPMI field is 2 bits and for maxRank equals to 2 or 3, TPMI field is 3 bits.

[0235]

[0236] In one example, a NC 3Tx precoder is indicated via a 3-bit bitmap where a bit is associated with a port In one example, when the corresponding port is selected, i.e., non-zero (e.g. value 1), and when the corresponding port is not selected, i.e., zero (e.g. value 0). In one example, when the corresponding port is selected, i.e., non-zero (e.g. value 1), and when the corresponding port is not selected, i.e., zero (e.g. value 0).

[0237] In one embodiment, the codebook for 3 antenna ports, as described in previous embodiment (or later embodiments), can also be used / configured (to a UE) for DL (e.g. for CSI / PMI reporting based on 3 CSI-RS antenna ports at NW / gNB), or sidelink (SL) (e.g. for CSI / PMI reporting based on 3 CSI-RS antenna ports at a SL UE / device). It can also be used to configure / trigger a CSI report for network energy saving (NES) applications wherein the NW / gNB may want to trigger (e.g. dynamically via MAC CE or DCI) a sub-configurations of the CSI report in which the number of CSI-RS ports is less than that at the NW / gNB. For instance, NW / gNB (e.g., the network 130 / the BS 102 may trigger a CSI report for 3 CSI-RS ports that are a subset of >3 (e.g. 4, or 8) CSI-RS ports.

[0238] In one example, the UE codebook for can be referred to as or configured asfull-Coherent (FC). In one example, the UE codebook for can be referred to as or configured aspartial-Coherent (PC). In one example, the UE codebook for can be referred to as or configured asnon-Coherent (NC). In one example, the UE codebook including both precoders can be referred to as or configured asfullAndPartial-Coherent (FC-PC). In one example, the UE codebook including both precoders can be referred to as or configured asfullAndNon-Coherent (FC-NC). In one example, the UE codebook including both precoders can be referred to as or configured aspartialAndNon-Coherent (PC-NC). In one example, the UE codebook including both precoders can be referred to as or configured asfullAndPartialAndNon-Coherent (FC-PC-NC).

[0239] When configured, A or / and B can be used interchangeably, where A or / and B is according to one of the following.

[0240] - or / andfull-Coherent (FC)

[0241] - or / andpartial-Coherent (PC)

[0242] - or / andnon-Coherent (NFC)

[0243] - or / andfullAndPartial-Coherent (FC-PC)

[0244] - or / andfullAndNon-Coherent (FC-NC)

[0245] - or / andpartialAndNon-Coherent (PC-NC)

[0246] - or / andfullAndPartialAndNon-Coherent (FC-PC-NC)

[0247] In one embodiment, a UE is configured with a codebook subset (e.g. via higher layer parameter such as codebookSubset) of an UL codebook for 3 antenna ports, where codebookSubset = nonCoherent or nonAndPartialCoherent. When codebookSubset = nonCoherent, the configured UL codebook includes a codebook subset comprising / including NC precoders or precoding matrices. When codebookSubset = nonAndPartialCoherent, the configured UL codebook includes a codebook subset comprising / including both NC and PC precoders or precoding matrices. The NC precoders or precoding matrices are as in Table 32. The PC precoders or precoding matrices are according to one of the three examples (Ex1, Ex2, Ex3) in Table 8. Note in Ex3, there is no rank 3 PC precoding matrix. Four examples of codebookSubset = partialAndNonCoherent are according to Table 10.

[0248]

[0249]

[0250] In one example, the corresponding NC and PC precoding matrices include all of or a subset of those in (a) Table 35 or / and Table 36 or / and Table 37 for single-layer, (b) Table 38 or / and Table 39 or / and Table 40 for two-layers, and (c) Table 41 or / and Table 42 or / and Table 43 for three-layers, or Table 44 or / and Table 45 or / and Table 46 for three-layers, or Table 53 for three-layers, wherein:

[0251] -In Table 35, TPMI index corresponds to Index of Table 20

[0252] -In Table 36, TPMI index corresponds to Index of Table 21

[0253] -In Table 37, TPMI index corresponds to Index of Table 22

[0254] -In Table 38, TPMI index corresponds to Index of Table 23

[0255] -In Table 39, TPMI index corresponds to Index of Table 24

[0256] -In Table 40, TPMI index corresponds to Index of Table 25

[0257] -In Table 41, TPMI index corresponds to Index of Table 26

[0258] -In Table 42, TPMI index corresponds to Index of Table 27

[0259] -In Table 43, TPMI index corresponds to Index of Table 28

[0260] -In Table 44, TPMI index corresponds to Index of Table 29

[0261] -In Table 45, TPMI index corresponds to Index of Table 30

[0262] -In Table 46, TPMI index corresponds to Index of Table 31

[0263] -In Table 47, TPMI index corresponds to Index of Table 26

[0264] -In Table 48, TPMI index corresponds to Index of Table 27

[0265] -In Table 49, TPMI index corresponds to Index of Table 28

[0266] -In Table 50, TPMI index corresponds to Index of Table 29

[0267] -In Table 51, TPMI index corresponds to Index of Table 30

[0268] -In Table 52, TPMI index corresponds to Index of Table 31

[0269] In one example, rank 3 TPMI = 1-2 in ExA and ExC correspond to one of Table 41 through Table 46. In one example, rank 3 TPMI = 1 in ExB corresponds to one of Table 47 through Table 52.

[0270]

[0271]

[0272]

[0273]

[0274]

[0275]

[0276]

[0277]

[0278]

[0279]

[0280]

[0281]

[0282]

[0283]

[0284]

[0285]

[0286]

[0287]

[0288]

[0289] In one example, a 3Tx precoder or precoding matrix is indicated via a TPMI field / index (I), whose payload (number of bits) depends on maxRank (which can be higher layer configured), as shown in Table 54, where X=2 for ExA and ExC, X=1 for ExB, and X=0 for ExD.

[0290]

[0291] In one embodiment, a UE (e.g., the UE 116) can be configured (e.g. via higher layer) with an UL codebook for 3 antenna ports, including all of or a subset of 3Tx precoders described herein, according to at least one of the following examples.

[0292] ● In one example, the configured UL codebook for 3 antenna ports corresponds to only one value.

[0293] ○ In one example, the one value is fixed to

[0294] ○ In one example, the one value is fixed to

[0295] ○ In one example, the one value is fixed to

[0296] ○ In one example, the one value is where is configured (e.g. via higher layer). This configuration can be subject to a UE capability reporting. Hence, the configured value belongs to a set of one or multiple values that the UE can support. The UE can be allowed to report one or more than one values of (or ) via UE capability reporting.

[0297] ● In one example, the configured UL codebook for 3 antenna ports can correspond to two values.

[0298] ○ In one example, the two values are fixed to

[0299] ○ In one example, the two values are fixed to

[0300] ○ In one example, the two values are fixed to

[0301] ○ In one example, the two values are where is configured (e.g. via higher layer). This configuration can be subject to a UE capability reporting. Hence, the configured values belong to a set of multiple values that the UE can support. The UE can be allowed to report one or more than one values of (or ) via UE capability reporting. The UE can report a set of values that the UE can support, and can be any two values from the set. Or, the UE can report a set of values for

[0302] ● In one example, the configured UL codebook for 3 antenna ports can correspond to one or two values.

[0303] ○ In one example, when the one value, the codebook is according to one of the examples described herein.

[0304] ○ In one example, when the two values, the codebook is according to one of the examples described herein.

[0305] ● In one example, the configured UL codebook for 3 antenna ports can correspond to three values.

[0306] ○ In one example, the three values are fixed to

[0307] ● In one example, the configured UL codebook for 3 antenna ports can correspond to one or three values.

[0308] ○ In one example, when the one value, the codebook is according to one of the examples described herein.

[0309] ○ In one example, when the three values, the codebook is according to one of the examples described herein.

[0310] ● In one example, the configured UL codebook for 3 antenna ports can correspond to two or three values.

[0311] ○ In one example, when the two values, the codebook is according to one of the examples described herein.

[0312] ○ In one example, when the three values, the codebook is according to one of the examples described herein.

[0313] ● In one example, the configured UL codebook for 3 antenna ports can correspond to one, two, or three values.

[0314] ○ In one example, when the one value, the codebook is according to one of the examples described herein.

[0315] ○ In one example, when the two values, the codebook is according to one of the examples described herein.

[0316] ○ In one example, when the three values, the codebook is according to one of the examples described herein.

[0317] In one embodiment, the codebook for 3 antenna ports, as described in previous embodiment (or later embodiments), can also be used / configured (to a UE) for DL (e.g. for CSI / PMI reporting based on 3 CSI-RS antenna ports at NW / gNB), or sidelink (SL) (e.g. for CSI / PMI reporting based on 3 CSI-RS antenna ports at a SL UE / device). It can also be used to configure / trigger a CSI report for network energy saving (NES) applications wherein the NW / gNB may want to trigger (e.g. dynamically via MAC CE or DCI) a sub-configurations of the CSI report in which the number of CSI-RS ports is less than that at the NW / gNB. For instance, NW / gNB (e.g., the network 130 / the BS 102) may trigger a CSI report for 3 CSI-RS ports that are a subset of >3 (e.g. 4, or 8) CSI-RS ports.

[0318] In one embodiment, the UL codebook includes FC precoders that are based on 4Tx precoders (Rel.15 UL 4Tx FC precoders, or Rel.15 DL Type I single panel codebook, 5.2.2.2.1, 38.214). For instance, one out of four rows of the 4Tx precoders can be muted (disabled, dropped, or removed) and the remaining 3 rows can be mapped to the three ports (rows) of the 3Tx precoders. Note that this can result in a non-constant modulus 3Tx precoders since the power of one port or layer can be different from the remaining two ports. In one example, the muted port is the fourth of the four ports. In one example, for rank > 1, to achieve orthogonality across layers (columns of precoding matrices), at least one entry of 2ndor / and 3rdcolumns can be set to 0.

[0319] In one example, a rank 1 precoder is given by where is a scaling factor. An example of one-layer (rank 1) FC precoders are shown in Table 55. The codebook includes all of or a subset of the precoders shown in the table.

[0320]

[0321] In one example, a rank 2 precoder is given by where is a scaling factor. An example of two-layer (rank 2) FC precoders are shown in Table 56. The codebook includes all of or a subset of the precoders shown in the table.

[0322]

[0323] In one example, a rank 3 precoder is given by where is a scaling factor. An example of three-layer (rank 3) FC precoders are shown in Table 57. The codebook includes all of or a subset of the precoders shown in the table.

[0324]

[0325] In one embodiment, the codebook for 3 antenna ports, as described in previous embodiment (or later embodiments), can also be used / configured (to a UE) for DL (e.g. for CSI / PMI reporting based on 3 CSI-RS antenna ports at NW / gNB), or sidelink (SL) (e.g. for CSI / PMI reporting based on 3 CSI-RS antenna ports at a SL UE / device). It can also be used to configure / trigger a CSI report for network energy saving (NES) applications wherein the NW / gNB may want to trigger (e.g. dynamically via MAC CE or DCI) a sub-configuration of the CSI report in which the number of CSI-RS ports is less than that at the NW / gNB. For instance, NW / gNB may trigger a CSI report for 3 CSI-RS ports that are a subset of >3 (e.g. 4, or 8) CSI-RS ports.

[0326] There are two types of frequency range (FR) defined in 3GPP 5G NR specifications. The sub-6 GHz range is called frequency range 1 (FR1) and millimeter wave range is called frequency range 2 (FR2). An example of the frequency range for FR1 and FR2 is shown below Table 58. Whenever the FR2 is referred, both FR2-1 and FR2-2 frequency sub-ranges shall be provided, unless otherwise stated.

[0327]

[0328] In next generation cellular standards (e.g. 6G), in addition to FR1 and FR2, new carrier frequency bands can be provided, e.g. terahertz (>100GHz) and FR3 or upper mid-band (7-24GHz). The number of antenna ports that can be supported for these new bands is likely to be different from FR1 and FR2. In particular, for 7-15GHz band, the max number of antenna ports is likely to be more than FR1, due to smaller antenna form factors, and feasibility of fully digital beamforming (as in FR1) at these frequencies. For instance, the number of CSI-RS antenna ports can grow up to 128. Besides, the NW deployment / topology at these frequencies is also expected to be denser / distributed, for example, antenna ports distributed at multiple (potentially non-co-located, hence geographically separated) TRPs or O-RUs within a cellular region can be the main scenario of interest, due to which the number of CSI-RS antenna ports for MIMO can be even larger (e.g. up to 256).

[0329] A (spatial or digital) precoding / beamforming can be used across these large number of antenna ports in order to achieve MIMO gains. Depending on the carrier frequency, and the feasibility of RF / HW-related components, the (spatial) precoding / beamforming can be fully digital or hybrid analog-digital. In fully digital beamforming, there can be one-to-one mapping between an antenna port and an antenna element, or a 'static / fixed' virtualization of multiple antenna elements to one antenna port can be used. Each antenna port can be digitally controlled. Hence, a spatial multiplexing across antenna ports is provided.

[0330] The 3GPP specification (such as 4G LTE and 5G NR) supports up to 32 CSI-RS antenna ports which enable an eNB (or gNB) to be equipped with a large number of antenna elements (such as 64 or 128). In this case, a plurality of antenna elements is mapped onto one CSI-RS port. For next generation cellular systems such as 6G, the maximum number of CSI-RS ports can either remain the same or increase (e.g. 128 or 256 ports in upper mid band, 7-24 GHz). For UL transmission, the 3GPP specification supports 1, 2, 4, or 8 SRS antenna ports in one SRS resource, where each SRS antenna port can be mapped to one or multiple antenna elements at the UE.

[0331] Likewise, for a cellular system operating in low carrier frequency in general, a sub-1GHz frequency range (e.g. less than 1 GHz) as an example, supporting large number of CSI-RS antenna ports (e.g. 32) or many antenna elements at a single location or remote radio head (RRH) or TRP is challenging due to a larger antenna form factor size needed taking in to account carrier frequency wavelength than a system operating at a higher frequency such as 2 GHz or 4 GHz. One plausible way to operate a system with large number of CSI-RS antenna ports is to distribute the physical antenna ports to different panels / RRHs / TRPs, which can be non-collocated. The multiple sites or panels / RRHs / TRPs can still be connected to a single (common) base unit forming a single antenna system, hence the signal transmitted / received via multiple distributed RRHs / TRPs can still be processed at a centralized location.

[0332] As described herein, for low (FR1), high (FR2 and beyond), or mid (6-15GHz) band, the NW topology / architecture is likely to be more and more distributed in future due to reasons explained herein (e.g. use cases, HW requirements, antenna form factors, mobility etc.). In this disclosure, such a distributed system is referred to as a DMIMO or multiple TRP (mTRP) system (multiple antenna port groups, which can be non-co-located). The transmission in such a system can be coherent joint transmission (CJT), i.e., a layer can be transmitted across / using multiple TRPs, or non-coherent joint transmission (NCJT). Due to distributed nature of operation, the groups of antenna ports (or TRPs) need to be calibrated / synchronized by compensating for the non-idealities such as time / frequency / phase offsets non-ideal backhaul across TRPs, due to HW impairments, different delay profiles, and Doppler profile (in high-speed scenarios) associated with different TRPs.

[0333] In one example, a TRP or RRH can be functionally equivalent to (hence can be replaced with) or is interchangeable with one of more of the following: an antenna, or an antenna group (multiple antennae), an antenna port, an antenna port group (multiple ports), a CSI-RS resource, multiple CSI-RS resources, a CSI-RS resource set, multiple CSI-RS resource sets, an antenna panel, multiple antenna panels, a Tx-Rx entity, a (analog) beam, a (analog) beam group, a cell, a cell group.

[0334] FIG. 7 illustrates example RAN configurations 700 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, RAN configurations 700 can be implemented by the BS 102 of FIG. 1. This example is for illustration only and other embodiments can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0335] In an O-RAN NW architecture, a TRP can be functionally equivalent to (hence can be replaced with) or is interchangeable with one of more of the following:

[0336] ● One RU or O-RU: a logical node that includes a subset of the eNB / gNB functions (e.g. as listed in clause 4.2 split option 7-2x)

[0337] ● More than one RUs or O-RUs

[0338] ● One or more than one RUs or O-RUs

[0339] Two examples are shown in FIG. 7.

[0340] The following are defined in [REF11 and REF12].

[0341]

[0342] FIG. 8 illustrates example functional split points / options 800 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, functional split points / options 800 may be implemented by the BS 102 of FIG. 1. This example is for illustration only and other embodiments can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0343] In next-gen MIMO systems (e.g. 6G), NW architecture as perceived in O-RAN needs to be taken into account as well. The functionality split among O-RAN entities for DL and UL operations, such as O-RU, O-DU, and O-CU (as described herein). An example is shown in FIG. 8. In particular, the PHY functionality split between O-DU and O-RU includes at least the following aspects.

[0344] ● (B1) PHY processing:

[0345] ○ bit-level processing,

[0346] ○ symbol-level processing

[0347] ● (B2) Scheduling (residing in MAC): single user (SU)-MIMO / multi user (MU)-MIMO scheduling across different O-RUs or / and allocated frequency-domain resources (e.g. physical resource blocks (PRBs), precoding resource block groups (PRGs), SBs)

[0348] ○ Utilizing uplink control information (UCI) carrying CSI

[0349] ○ If DL / UL reciprocity is feasible, also utilizing SRS-based channel measurement

[0350] ● (B3) Precoder calculation at a gNB (NW side) for DL-SCH transmission:

[0351] ○ For SU-MIMO, precoder can simply follow the PMI (calculated expecting SU-MIMO hypothesis) reported by the UE, or, if DL / UL reciprocity is feasible, be calculated from the eigenvector(s) of the measured DL channels.

[0352] ○ For MU-MIMO, precoder needs to be calculated based on additional orthogonalization (e.g. zero-forcing beamforming (ZFBF), signal-to-leakage-and-noise-ratio (SLNR)) among PMIs, or, if DL / UL reciprocity is feasible, the eigenvectors of the measured channels of the co-scheduled UEs

[0353] While the O-RAN Alliance is intended for 5G NR, it is expected that its framework will continue, or at most refined, for 6G. The O-RAN Alliance specifies 3 levels of functional splits - namely CU, DU, and RU - to facilitate multi-vendor inter-operability within a NW. The manner in which PHY-layer functions are split between DU and RU(s) imposes serious impact on the feasibility, performance, and complexity of different MIMO schemes - mainly due to the latency and quantization loss incurred by the O-RAN-standardized RU-DU interface.

[0354] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communication systems and, more specifically, toUL transmission based on a codebook.

[0355] In 5G NR, for codebook-based transmission, the precoding matrix for 4 antenna ports is given Table 59 - Table 62.

[0356]

[0357]

[0358]

[0359]

[0360] In codebook-based transmission, an UL grant includes a single transmit PMI (TPMI) field which indicates the single precoding vector or matrix (from a predefined codebook) a UE shall use for the scheduled UL transmission. When multiple PRBs are allocated to the UE, a single precoding vector / matrix indicated by the TPMI field implies that wideband UL precoding is utilized. In UL codebook, pre-coders with antenna selection (aka non-coherent precoders) have been supported in order to keep peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) low and cubic-metric (CM) for rank > 1 small. Antenna selection offers performance improvement in some scenarios. Besides, for 4 and 8 antenna ports, partial-coherent precoders based on selection of a subset of ports (2 or 4 ports) are also supported. In the rest of the disclosure, the term 'coherence' implies all or a subset of antenna ports that can be used to transmit a layer coherently. In particular,

[0361] ● the term 'full-coherence' (FC) implies antenna ports that can be used to transmit a layer coherently.

[0362] ● the term 'partial-coherence' (PC) implies a subset (at least two but less than all) of antenna ports that can be used to transmit a layer coherently.

[0363] ● the term 'non-coherence' (NC) implies only one antenna port that can be used to transmit a layer.

[0364] In 4G LTE, the HH codebook for 4 antenna ports is based on the quantity denoting the matrix defined by the columns given by the set {S} from the expression whereIis the 4x4 identity matrix and the vector is given by Table 63.

[0365]

[0366]

[0367] Taking into account different antenna geometries / structures, form factors, and device types, a robust codebook design framework is provided. Embodiments of the present disclosure recognizes that the codebook framework that can be based on an 'unstructured basis' (as opposed to the structured DFT basis in LTE / NR codebooks) is needed. Here, the term 'basis' refers to a set of vectors, each length that can represent eigenmodes of the channel measured via ports, regardless of or agnostic to any assumptions on antenna structure. One such framework can be based on a Householder (HH) transform. This is the focus of this disclosure.

[0368] The present disclosure relates to a robust codebook design based on a transform, e.g. Householder (HH).

[0369] ● A framework of a robust HH codebook design depending on antenna structure

[0370] ● Several examples, especially for UL

[0371] ● Signaling

[0372] In the following, for brevity, both FDD and TDD are regarded as the duplex method for both DL and UL signaling.

[0373] Although exemplary descriptions and embodiments to follow expect orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), this disclosure can be extended to other OFDM-based transmission waveforms or multiple access schemes such as filtered OFDM (F-OFDM).

[0374] This disclosure covers several components which can be used in conjunction or in combination with one another, or can operate as standalone schemes.

[0375] FIG 9 illustrates example antenna port layouts 900 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, antenna port layouts 900 can be implemented in any of the UEs 111-116 of FIG. 1, such as the UE 112. This example is for illustration only and other embodiments can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0376] FIG. 10 illustrates example antenna port layouts 1000 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, antenna port layouts 1000 can be implemented in the UE 116 of FIG. 3. This example is for illustration only and other embodiments can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0377] Antenna ports of a device (e.g. UE or gNB) can belong to a single antenna panel or group (i.e., they are co-located, for example, at one plane, side, or edge of the device) or multiple antenna panels or groups. For a given antenna panel or group,N1andN2are the number of antenna ports with the same polarization in the first and second dimensions, respectively. For 2D antenna port layouts,N1> 1,N2> 1, and for 1D antenna port layouts, eitherN1> 1 andN2= 1 orN2> 1 andN1= 1. In the rest of the disclosure, 1D antenna port layouts withN1> 1 andN2= 1 is provided. The disclosure, however, is applicable to the other 1D port layouts withN2> 1 andN1= 1. Also, in the rest of the disclosure, The disclosure, however, is applicable to the case when and the embodiments for applies to the case by swapping / switching with ). For a given antenna panel or group, when a (single-polarized) co-polarized antenna port layout, the total number of antenna ports is P=N1N2and when a dual-polarized antenna port layout, the total number of antenna ports is P=2N1N2. When or 5 antenna ports, an illustration of antenna port layouts is shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 9. An illustration of antenna port layouts for {2, 4, 6, 8, 12} antenna ports is shown in FIG. 10.

[0378] When the device is a UE, the codebook can be used for TPMI-based precoding of UL transmission. When the device is a gNB (e.g., the BS 102), the codebook can be used for PMI-based precoding of DL transmission.

[0379] Let be the number of antenna port groups (panels). For a co-polarized (single polarized) case,

[0380] ● one group comprising antenna ports,

[0381] ● two groups, one comprising antenna ports, and another comprising antenna ports, and

[0382] ● groups, each comprising 1 antenna port.

[0383] For a dual-polarized (cross-polarized) case,

[0384] ● one group comprising cross-pol antenna ports, and single-pol antenna port(s).

[0385] ● two groups, one comprising cross-pol antenna ports where and another comprising single-pol antenna port.

[0386] Let denotes the number of antenna polarizations (or groups of antenna ports with the same polarization). Then, for co-polarized antenna ports, and for dual- or cross (X)-polarized antenna ports . So, the total number of antenna ports In one example, the antenna ports at the UE (e.g., the UE 116) refers to SRS antenna ports (either in one SRS resource or across multiple SRS resources).

[0387] The codebook W for antenna ports at the device is based on pre-coding vectors which are according to one of the three examples in Table 64 depending on whether the antenna ports are co-polarized or a combination of co-polarized and cross- / dual-polarized.

[0388] ● Ex1A: corresponds to with co-polarized ports.

[0389] ● Ex1B: corresponds to with dual-polarized ports.

[0390] ● Ex2: corresponds to 1D antenna layout, with cross-pol ports and co-polarized ports.

[0391] ● Ex3: corresponds to 2D antenna layout, and with cross-pol ports and co-polarized ports.

[0392]

[0393] Here, is a Kronecker product ( of vectors and of lengths and respectively. In one example, and are oversampled DFT vectors, i.e.,

[0394]

[0395]

[0396] whereO1andO2are oversampling factors in two dimensions, and is then given by

[0397]

[0398] In one example, both In one example,O1andO2can take the same values as Rel.15 NR Type I codebook (cf. 5.2.2.2.1, [REF 16]), i.e., when and , i.e., when Alternatively, they take different values from the Rel. 15 Type I NR codebook, for example, when and , i.e., when In one example, and is configurable (e.g. via higher layer). In one example,

[0399] The quantity is a co-phase for dual-polarized antenna port layouts. In one example, where implying that belongs to QPSK alphabet In one example, where implying that belongs to -PSK alphabet. In one example, belong to a set including

[0400] In one example, the values of and are configured, e.g. with the higher layer parameter. A few examples of for a given number of antenna ports and antenna layout (co-pol or / and cross-pol) is given in Table 65. The notation where and is used to denote a number of -polarized antenna ports in the -th dimension, respectively.

[0401]

[0402]

[0403] In one example, the values of and are fixed for a given number of antenna ports. For example, for co-pol and for dual-pol antenna. In one example, only one is supported for each value of where the supported is one of pairs in Table 65.

[0404] In one example, antenna ports can be divided into groups. In one example, each group corresponds to an antenna panel.

[0405] In one example, corresponds to a single antenna panel. In one example, corresponds to a full coherent (FC) UE or FC antenna layout.

[0406] In one example, when number of ports in a group is more than one and then ports within each group are coherent, whereas ports across two groups are non-coherent (NC). Such antenna port layout can be referred to as a partial coherent (PC) UE or PC antenna layout.

[0407] In one example, corresponds to a non-coherent (NC) UE or NC antenna layout.

[0408] In one embodiment, the codebook for antenna ports, as described in this disclosure, can also be used / configured (to a UE) for DL (e.g. for CSI / PMI reporting based on CSI-RS antenna ports at NW / gNB), or sidelink (SL) (e.g. for CSI / PMI reporting based on CSI-RS antenna ports at a SL UE / device). It can also be used to configure / trigger a CSI report for network energy saving (NES) applications wherein the NW / gNB may want to trigger (e.g. dynamically via MAC CE or DCI) a sub-configuration of the CSI report in which the number of CSI-RS ports is less than that at the NW / gNB. For instance, NW / gNB may trigger a CSI report for CSI-RS ports that are a subset of CSI-RS ports.

[0409] In one example, the rank 1 TPMI (and precoder) can be configured to a UE for both cases when transform precoding is enabled (DFT-s-OFDM) or disabled (CP-OFDM).

[0410] Let be the number of antenna ports (or number of Tx RF chains associated with UL transmission) at the UE. Let be the number of antenna ports at the gNB (NW). Let be the DL channel matrix of size that can be estimated based on a DL RS (e.g. CSI-RS) measurement. When the DL and UL channels are reciprocal (e.g. TDD), then the UL channel matrix can be estimated (based on the DL RS measurement) as and has size For brevity of notation, the subband (SB) index or subcarrier index or polarization index is not included as suffix or prefix on However, in general, where belongs to to represent one of four types herein of channel notations herein. In case of SB comprising of multiple subcarriers, can be used to denote the channel for subcarrier in SB

[0411] Let be the channel associated with thef-th SB,r-th antenna at the UE, andp-th polarization at the gNB. Note that is a vector of size when (i.e. dual-polarized antenna ports at the gNB).

[0412] Let be the channel associated with thef-th SB,r-th antenna at the UE, and antenna ports at the gNB. Note that is a vector of size

[0413] Let be the channel associated with thef-th SB, antenna ports at the UE, andp-th polarization at the gNB. Note that is a matrix of size when

[0414] Let be the channel associated with thef-th SB, antenna ports at the UE, and antenna ports at the gNB.

[0415] The superscript denotes conjugate transpose, and the superscript denotes transpose.

[0416] For DL channel the following is defined:

[0417] ● DEF0:the DL channel is represented using singular value decomposition (SVD) as where is a singular value (a non-negative number), is a left singular vector of length and is a right singular vector of length Note that singular vector pairs ( ) is provided.

[0418] ● DEF1: Left (UL) covariance matrixis represented as For multiple subcarriers,

[0419] ● DEF2: Right (DL) covariance matrixis represented as For multiple subcarriers,

[0420] ● DEF3: Left (UL) eigenvectors are derived using Eigen value decomposition (EVD) of the covariance matrix as where is an eigenvalue (a non-negative number).

[0421] ● DEF4: Right (DL) eigenvectors are derived using EVD of the covariance matrix as where is an eigenvalue (a non-negative number).

[0422] Note is the rank of the DL or UL covariance matrix and is an eigenvalue or is a corresponding singular value.

[0423] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowdiagram of an example procedure 1100 for measuring / estimating UL / DL channel(s) according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, procedure 1100 can be performed by any of the UEs 111-116 of FIG. 1, such as the UE 116. This example is for illustration only and other embodiments can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0424] The procedure begins in 1110, a UE measures the DL RS, estimates the DL channel and by reciprocity estimates the UL channel In 1120, the UE determines DL (right) cov. Matrix: In 1130, the UE determines DL (right) eigenvectors In 1140, the UE determines UL (left) cov. Matrix: In 1150, the UE determines UL (left) eigenvectors In 1160, the UE determines Eigenvalues

[0425] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, a UE is configured to receive a DL RS (e.g. NZP CSI-RS) for measurement, and in response, in, the UE measures the DL RS, estimates the DL channel based on the measurement, and assuming DL and UL channel reciprocity estimates UL channel as (Hermitian or conjugate transpose of matrix ). As described herein, based on the DL channel the UE can also determine the following:

[0426] ● DL (right or transmit) eigenvectors

[0427] ● UL (left or receive) eigenvectors

[0428] ● Eigenvalues

[0429] Based on DL and UL channel reciprocity, based on the UL channel the UE can also determine the following:

[0430] ● DL (left or receive) eigenvectors

[0431] ● UL (right or transmit) eigenvectors

[0432] ● Eigenvalues

[0433] Since right or transmit eigenvectors can be used to pre-code,

[0434] ● for DL precoding, eigenvectors can be used, and

[0435] ● for UL precoding, eigenvectors can be used.

[0436] Note that the strength or quality of a -th DL or UL layer can be determined based on the corresponding value

[0437] In one embodiment, the codebook for antenna ports includes precoders or precoding matrices constructed based on a HH transform, where the HH transform is defined as where is an identity matrix and is a length column vector, and The size of the codebook depends on number of candidates for the vector

[0438] In one example, the vector is a DFT vector.

[0439] In one example, is an eigenvector (or quantized eigenvector). When is a measured channel (CSI-RS measurement for DL channel or SRS measurement for UL channel), a covariance matrix of the channel can be given by (expecting single measurement), or (expecting measurements and is the measured channel at -th subcarrier). The eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) of when and comprises column vectors When When (first eigenvector), The columns of are orthogonal and can be used to construct the codebook for antenna ports. The matrix is a reflection matrix, i.e.,

[0440] In one example, when the first eigenvector is available at the device (e.g. via PMI for DL or TPMI for UL, or via higher layer RRC), the device can perform the HH transform to obtain and then determine the codebook based on

[0441] In one example, the first eigenvector is determined by the UE (e.g. based on CSI-RS measurement), and the HH transform based on determines the codebook.

[0442] ● In one example, the UE reports the eigenvector (or quantized ) to the gNB (e.g. as part of a CSI report).

[0443] ● In one example, the UE reports a rank value (e.g. RI) and the eigenvector (or quantized ) to the gNB (e.g. as part of a CSI report).

[0444] ● In one example, the rank precoding matrix is determined based on the columns of (determined based on ). For example, columns of are selected to form the precoding matrix where with are indices of column vectors comprising

[0445] ○ In one example, the column indices are fixed for each rank value, e.g.

[0446] ○ In one example, the column indices are configured, e.g. via higher layer RRC or / and DCI.

[0447] ○ In one example, the column indices are reported by the UE, e.g. as part of the CSI report.

[0448] In one example, where is -th element of is quantized and reported according to one of the following examples.

[0449] ● In one example, for each is quantized as is the quantized amplitude of and is the quantized phase of The and are reported via one joint or two separate indicators (e.g. as part of PMI of TPMI).

[0450] ● In one example, is the strongest (max amplitude) element of and is a vector after normalization (division) of by and therefore has 1 as the strongest (max amplitude) element. The index of the strongest (max amplitude) element, denoted as can be fixed (e.g. 1), configured (e.g. via RRC), or reported by the UE (e.g. as part of PMI of TPMI). Here For each the normalized element　 is quantized and reported as explained in previous example.

[0451] ● In one example, for each or is quantized using a complex scalar codebook. The scalar codebook can be fixed (e.g. in specification) or configured (e.g. via RRC or broadcast message) or downloadable (e.g. a learning-based codebook).

[0452] ● In one example, or is quantized using a complex vector codebook. The vector codebook can be fixed (e.g. in specification) or configured (e.g. via RRC or broadcast message) or downloadable (e.g. a learning-based codebook).

[0453] In one example, where and are real and imaginary parts of i.e., and is quantized and reported according to one of the following examples.

[0454] ● In one example, for each and are quantized as and The and are reported via one joint or two separate indicators (e.g. as part of PMI of TPMI). In one example, the codebook to quantize and are the same, i.e.,

[0455] ● In one example, is the strongest (max amplitude) element of and is a vector after normalization (division) of by and therefore has 1 as the strongest (max amplitude) element. The index of the strongest (max amplitude) element, denoted as can be fixed (e.g. 1), configured (e.g. via RRC), or reported by the UE (e.g. as part of PMI of TPMI). Here For each the normalized element　 is quantized and reported as explained in previous example.

[0456] ● In one example, or / and are quantized using a common vector codebook or two respective vector codebooks. The vector codebook(s) can be fixed (e.g. in specification) or configured (e.g. via RRC or broadcast message) or downloadable (e.g. a learning-based codebook).

[0457] In one example, the first eigenvector is determined by the NW (e.g. based on SRS measurement), and the HH transform based on determines the codebook.

[0458] ● In one example, the UE is provided (by the NW) with the eigenvector

[0459] ○ In one example, the UE is configured to receive via RRC or / and MAC CE or / and DCI.

[0460] ○ In one example, the UE is configured to receive via RRC.

[0461] - In one example, the configuration is UE-specific, i.e., separate per UE. The configuration can be via a RRC message or IE such as a CSI report configuration, or PDSCH-Config, or PUSCH-Config, or a codebook config, or a aperiodic trigger state definition, or a transmission configuration indication (TCI) state definition.

[0462] - In one example, the configuration is UEgroup-specific, i.e., separate per UE group.

[0463] - In one example, the configuration is via a CellConfig, i.e. hence cell-specific (separate per cell) but UE-common (the same for UEs connected to the cell).

[0464] - In one example, the configuration is via a CellGroupConfig, i.e. hence cellgroup-specific (separate per cell group) but UE-common (the same for UEs connected to the cell group).

[0465] ○ In one example, the UE is configured to receive via a DCI. For example, a field in a DCI can be used. The field can be an existing field (e.g. CSI request field) or a new field in UL-DCI that triggers an aperiodic CSI report or aperiodic RS transmission / reception or an UL-grant. Or, the field can be an existing field (e.g. TCI state indication) or a new field in DL-DCI (that schedules an DL transmission). In one example, the DCI can be UE-specific (per UE) or UEgroup-specific (specific per UE group) or UEgroup-common (common per UE group).

[0466] ○ In one example, the UE is configured to receive via broadcast channel. For example, it can be via SIB1.

[0467] ● In one example, the UE is provided (by the NW) with the eigenvector and at least one rank value (e.g. allowed rank or RI values). The rank precoding matrix can be determined based on the columns of (determined based on ). For example, columns of are selected to form the precoding matrix where with are indices of column vectors comprising

[0468] ○ In one example, the column indices are fixed for each rank value, e.g.

[0469] ○ In one example, the column indices are configured, e.g. via higher layer RRC or / and DCI.

[0470] ○ In one example, the column indices are reported by the UE, e.g. as part of the CSI report.

[0471] In one example, where is -th element of is quantized and then indicated to the UE according to one or more examples described herein.

[0472] In one example, where and are real and imaginary parts of i.e., and is quantized and reported according to one or more examples described herein.

[0473] In one example, is based on an eigenvector (or quantized eigenvector), e.g. from one or more examples described herein, such that the eigenvector is a column of For example, when and such that the first column of is The rest of the columns of comprise a basis or subspace spanned by hence is orthogonal to When then The columns of are orthogonal and can be used to construct the codebook for antenna ports. The matrix is a reflection matrix, i.e.,

[0474] In one example, when the first eigenvector is available at the device (e.g. via PMI for DL or TPMI for UL, or via higher layer RRC), the device can perform the HH transform to obtain with as explained herein, and then determine the codebook based on

[0475] In one example, the first eigenvector is determined by the UE (e.g. based on CSI-RS measurement), and reported according to one or more examples described herein.

[0476] In one example, the first eigenvector is determined by the NW (e.g. based on SRS measurement), and provided to the UE according to one or more examples described herein.

[0477] In one example, is based on a vector such that the vector is a column of Note that one or more examples described herein corresponds to

[0478] In one example, when is available at the device (e.g. via PMI for DL or TPMI for UL, or via higher layer RRC), the device can perform the HH transform to obtain with as explained herein, and then determine the codebook based on

[0479] In one example, is determined by the UE (e.g. based on CSI-RS measurement), and reported according to one or more examples described herein (by replacing with ).

[0480] In one example, is determined by the NW (e.g. based on SRS measurement), and provided to the UE (e.g., the UE 116) according to one or more examples described herein (by replacing with ).

[0481] In one example, is based on a vector or such that is a column of where is a matrix or a scalar value, is a vector, and is a function of

[0482] In one example, when is available at the device (e.g. via PMI for DL or TPMI for UL, or via higher layer RRC), the device can perform the HH transform to obtain with as explained herein, and then determine the codebook based on

[0483] In one example, is determined by the UE (e.g. based on CSI-RS measurement), and reported according to one or more examples described herein (by replacing with ).

[0484] In one example, is determined by the NW (e.g. based on SRS measurement), and provided to the UE according to one or more examples described herein (by replacing with ).

[0485] In one example, in one or more examples described herein serves as a basis (or a set of vectors) and a precoder for a layer is based on selection of a vector from this basis.

[0486] In one example, when antenna ports form one port group (PG) for CSI purpose, the rank precoding matrix is determined based on the columns of (determined based on ). For example, columns of are selected to form the precoding matrix where with are indices of column vectors comprising

[0487] ● In one example, the column indices are fixed for each rank value, e.g.

[0488] ● In one example, the column indices are configured, e.g. via higher layer RRC or / and DCI.

[0489] ● In one example, the column indices are reported by the UE, e.g. as part of the CSI report.

[0490] In one example, antenna ports form PGs for CSI purpose, i.e. In one example, and two PGs correspond to two antenna polarizations in case of a dual-polarized antenna port layout. In one example, for PGs In one example, In one example, is fixed (e.g. 2 or 3 or 4). In one example, is configurable from a set of values including {2,4} or {2,4,8}, {2,3,4}, or {2,3,4,8}.

[0491] ● In one example, the precoding matrix corresponds to a non-coherent joint transmission (NCJT) hypothesis across PGs, i.e., a layer can be transmitted from one PG only. A PG can transmit one or more layers, but two PGs can't be combined coherently to transmitted one layer.

[0492] ○ In one example, is common (the same) for PGs.

[0493] ○ In one example, is common (the same) for PGs with the same value of

[0494] ○ In one example, regardless of the value of is separate (independent) for each PGs.

[0495] ● In one example, the precoding matrix corresponds to a coherent JT (CJT) hypothesis across PGs, i.e., a layer can be transmitted by coherent combination of multiple PGs.

[0496] ○ In one example, is common (the same) for CJT hypotheses across PGs.

[0497] ○ In one example, is common (the same) for PGs (in a CJT set) with the same CJT hypothesis or / and total number of antenna ports in the CJT set.

[0498] ○ In one example, regardless of the CJT set or hypothesis, is separate (independent) for each CJT set or hypothesis or / and total number of antenna ports in the CJT set.

[0499] Let a rank precoding matrix For a CJT set with PGs with indices a precoder for layer with non-zero ports is given by

[0500] ● In one example, where is a part of the precoder associated with a PG with index

[0501] ● In one example, where is a part of the precoder associated with a PG with index and is a corresponding coefficient.

[0502] ○ In one example, is fixed (e.g. to 1) for a reference PG with index

[0503] ○ In one example, is a phase value.

[0504] ○ In one example, is an amplitude scaling.

[0505] ○ In one example, is a complex number with an amplitude and a phase value.

[0506] In one example, in one or more examples described herein serves as a basis (or a set of vectors) and a precoder for a layer is based on a weighted combination / sum of vectors from this basis.

[0507] In one example, when antenna ports form one port group (PG) for CSI purpose, the rank precoding matrix is determined based on the columns of (determined based on ). For example, columns of are combined to form the precoding matrix where is a combining coefficient, and with are indices of column vectors comprising and with is an amplitude of

[0508] ● In one example, the value or / and column indices are fixed for each rank value, e.g.

[0509] ● In one example, the value or / and column indices are configured, e.g. via higher layer RRC or / and DCI.

[0510] ● In one example, the value or / and column indices are reported by the UE, e.g. as part of the CSI report.

[0511] In one example, antenna ports form PGs for CSI purpose, i.e. In one example, and two PGs correspond to two antenna polarizations in case of a dual-polarized antenna port layout. In one example, for PGs In one example, In one example, is fixed (e.g. 2 or 3 or 4). In one example, is configurable from a set of values including {2,4} or {2,4,8}, {2,3,4}, or {2,3,4,8}.

[0512] ● In one example, the precoding matrix corresponds to a non-coherent joint transmission (NCJT) hypothesis across PGs, i.e., a layer can be transmitted from one PG only by linearly combining columns of associated with the one PG, as described in one or more examples herein. The rest of details are the same as (or a straightforward extension of) one or more examples described herein.

[0513] ● In one example, the precoding matrix corresponds to a coherent JT (CJT) hypothesis across PGs, i.e., a layer can be transmitted by coherent combination of multiple PGs and by linearly combining columns of (as described in one or more examples herein) associated with multiple PGs. The rest of details are the same as (or a straightforward extension of) one or more examples described herein.

[0514] In one example, a set comprising vectors as candidates for is used to construct according to one or more examples described herein where

[0515] In one example, for each site or cell, there is one set This set can be common (one set) across multiple sites / cells or a group of cells / sites or PGs. Or, this set can be specific (independent) for each site or cell. Also, the set can be for DL only or UL only for both DL and UL. Likewise, the set can be the same across multiple CCs (in a CA scenario), or specific (independent) per CC.

[0516] In one example, the set can be UE-common (the same for UEs) in a cell. In one example, the set can be indicated to a UE via a UE-group-common configuration or indication or via a broadcast message.

[0517] In one example, the set can be UE-specific (independent per UE) in a cell. In one example, the set can be indicated to a UE via a UE-specific configuration or indication.

[0518] In one example, when the codebook is for UL transmission, the TPMI / TRI indication to a UE can be according to one of the following examples.

[0519] ● In one example, when there is no need for precoder (TPMI) indication, only TRI indication suffices.

[0520] ● In one example, when there is a precoder (TPMI) indication, in addition to the TRI.

[0521] ● In one example, when there is a TPMI / TRI indication.

[0522] In one example, the set is downloadable from entity A to entity B.

[0523] ● In one example, the download is via DL channel (e.g. from NW to UE).

[0524] ● In one example, the download is via UL channel (e.g. from UE to NW).

[0525] ● In one example, the download is via a sidelink channel (e.g. from device A to device B).

[0526] ● In one example, the download is via a fronthaul interface (e.g. common public radio interface (CPRI) or enhanced CPRI (eCPRI)), from O-RU to O-DU or vice versa, or from O-CU to O-CU or vice versa.

[0527] In one example, the set is learning-based, e.g. based on an AI / ML algorithm. This set can be trained / learnt at an entity / location (e.g. UE or NW or an OTT server) based on a dataset provided to the location from UE or / and NW or / and other entity. The training can be an offline training performed once at the entity. There may be an update of the set, but the update need not be too frequent or dynamic (e.g. can be semi-static or slower than semi-static). Or, the training / update can be performed online via L1 / L2 / L3 signaling between NW and UE, e.g. via measurement and reporting / indication using DCI / UCI or / and UL / DL MACE CE or / and RRC.

[0528] ● In one example, the set determines a one-sided model, either UE-side or NW side, e.g. an auto-encoder. The auto-decoder at the other end / side can perform an inverse operation (or transform) based on the same set to reconstruct / retrieve the CSI.

[0529] ● In one example, the set determines one-side of a two-sided model with a UE-side and a NW side.

[0530] ● In one example, the set determines both sides of a two-sided model with a UE-side and a NW side.

[0531] In one example, the set has at least one of the following restrictions / constraints.

[0532] ● In one example, the set comprises vectors with constant-modulus (CM) entries. For example, the amplitude of each entry of vectors is the same (e.g. 1 or ). In this case, the vectors essentially comprise phase values.

[0533] ● In one example, the set includes vectors with one or more zero entries (corresponding antenna ports are turned off). The number of zero or / and non-zero entries of a vector can be fixed or configured or reported by the UE or indicated / configured to the UE.

[0534] ● In one example, the set includes vectors with non-zero entries or / and or both zero and non-zero entries.

[0535] In one example, in frequency domain (across PRBs in a frequency band), the set has at least one of the following granularities.

[0536] ● In one example, the set is WB, i.e., one set for the frequency band.

[0537] ● In one example, the set is SB, i.e., one set for each SB in the frequency band.

[0538] ● In one example, the codebook based on the set is WB, i.e., one codebook for the frequency band.

[0539] ● In one example, the codebook based on the set is SB, i.e., one codebook for each SB in the frequency band. The codebook for a SB can be based on one common set for SBs or one specific set for the SB.

[0540] In one example, where comprising values. A number of candidate vectors is In one example, there is a fixed entry, e.g. value in For instance, A number of candidate vectors in this case is

[0541] In one example, has -PSK entries.

[0542] ● where for BPSK, for QPSK, for 8PSK, for 16PSK, and so on.

[0543] ●

[0544] In one example, antenna ports, and

[0545] ● and or

[0546] ● and or

[0547] ● and or

[0548] In one example, and

[0549] ● When

[0550] ● When

[0551] ● When

[0552] ● When

[0553] In one example, is a size alphabet set for entries of

[0554] ● In one example, the set is a union of two -PSK and -PSK alphabets, where and have no common factors. For example, (2,3), (3,4), (3,5), (2,5), (5,6), (3,8), (5,8), (7,8).

[0555] In one embodiment, the codebook for antenna ports includes precoders or precoding matrices constructed based on an extension of the HH transform using two vectors

[0556] ● In one example, and

[0557] ● In one example,

[0558] ● In one example, where is a constant.

[0559] ● In one example,

[0560] In one embodiment, the codebook for antenna ports includes precoders or precoding matrices constructed based on an extension of the HH transform using two vectors where In one example, is an index in 1stdimension (e.g. SD), and is an index in 2nddimension (e.g. FD).

[0561] In one embodiment, the codebook for antenna ports includes precoders or precoding matrices constructed based on an extension of the HH transform using where when and have the same length.

[0562] In one embodiment, the codebook for antenna ports includes precoders or precoding matrices constructed based on an extension of the HH transform using an elementary matrix when and have the same length and is scalar.

[0563] In one embodiment, the codebook for antenna ports includes precoders or precoding matrices constructed based on an extension of the HH transform using where is rank-1 matrix.

[0564] In one embodiment, the codebook for antenna ports includes precoders or precoding matrices constructed based on an extension of the HH transform using where is a projector matrix.

[0565] In one embodiment, the codebook for antenna ports includes precoders or precoding matrices constructed based on an extension of the HH transform using where is a size matrix where

[0566] In one example, the codebook for can be referred to as or configured asfull-Coherent (FC). In one example, the codebook for can be referred to as or configured aspartial-Coherent (PC). In one example, the codebook for can be referred to as or configured asnon-Coherent (NC). In one example, the codebook including both precoders can be referred to as or configured asfullAndPartial-Coherent (FC-PC). In one example, the codebook including both precoders can be referred to as or configured asfullAndNon-Coherent (FC-NC). In one example, the codebook including both precoders can be referred to as or configured aspartialAndNon-Coherent (PC-NC). In one example, the UE codebook including both precoders can be referred to as or configured asfullAndPartialAndNon-Coherent (FC-PC-NC).

[0567] When configured, A or / and B can be used interchangeably, where A or / and B is according to one of the following.

[0568] ● or / andfull-Coherent (FC)

[0569] ● or / andpartial-Coherent (PC)

[0570] ● or / andnon-Coherent (NFC)

[0571] ● or / andfullAndPartial-Coherent (FC-PC)

[0572] ● or / andfullAndNon-Coherent (FC-NC)

[0573] ● or / andpartialAndNon-Coherent (PC-NC)

[0574] ● or / andfullAndPartialAndNon-Coherent (FC-PC-NC).

[0575] In one embodiment, a UE can be configured (e.g. via higher layer) with a codebook (e.g. UL TPMI codebook or DL PMI codebook) for antenna ports, including all of or a subset of precoders described herein, according to at least one of the following examples.

[0576] ● In one example, the configured codebook for antenna ports corresponds to only one value.

[0577] ○ In one example, the one value is fixed to

[0578] ○ In one example, the one value is fixed to

[0579] ○ In one example, the one value is fixed to

[0580] ○ In one example, the one value is where is configured (e.g. via higher layer). This configuration can be subject to a UE capability reporting. Hence, the configured value belongs to a set of one or multiple values that the UE can support. The UE can be allowed to report one or more than one values of (or ) via UE capability reporting.

[0581] ● In one example, the configured codebook for antenna ports can correspond to two values.

[0582] ○ In one example, the two values are fixed to

[0583] ○ In one example, the two values are fixed to

[0584] ○ In one example, the two values are fixed to

[0585] ○ In one example, the two values are where is configured (e.g. via higher layer). This configuration can be subject to a UE capability reporting. Hence, the configured values belong to a set of multiple values that the UE can support. The UE can be allowed to report one or more than one values of (or ) via UE capability reporting. The UE can report a set of values that the UE can support, and can be any two values from the set. Or, the UE (e.g., the UE 116) can report a set of values for

[0586] ● In one example, the configured codebook for antenna ports can correspond to one or two values.

[0587] ○ In one example, when the one value, the codebook is according to one or more examples described herein.

[0588] ○ In one example, when the two values, the codebook is according to one or more examples described herein.

[0589] ● In one example, the configured UL codebook for antenna ports can correspond to three values.

[0590] ○ In one example, the three values are fixed to

[0591] ● In one example, the configured codebook for antenna ports can correspond to one or three values.

[0592] ○ In one example, when the one value, the codebook is according to one or more examples described herein.

[0593] ○ In one example, when the three values, the codebook is according to one or more examples described herein.

[0594] ● In one example, the configured codebook for antenna ports can correspond to two or three values.

[0595] ○ In one example, when the two values, the codebook is according to one or more examples described herein.

[0596] ○ In one example, when the three values, the codebook is according to one or more examples described herein.

[0597] ● In one example, the configured codebook for antenna ports can correspond to one, two, or three values.

[0598] ○ In one example, when the one value, the codebook is according to one or more examples described herein.

[0599] ○ In one example, when the two values, the codebook is according to one or more examples described herein.

[0600] ○ In one example, when the three values, the codebook is according to one or more examples described herein.

[0601] In one embodiment, the codebook for antenna ports, as described in previous embodiment (or later embodiments), can also be used / configured (to a UE) for DL (e.g. for CSI / PMI reporting based on CSI-RS antenna ports at NW / gNB), or sidelink (SL) (e.g. for CSI / PMI reporting based on CSI-RS antenna ports at a SL UE / device). It can also be used to configure / trigger a CSI report for network energy saving (NES) applications wherein the NW / gNB (e.g., the network 130 / the BS 102) may want to trigger (e.g. dynamically via MAC CE or DCI) a sub-configuration of the CSI report in which the number of CSI-RS ports is less than that at the NW / gNB. For instance, NW / gNB may trigger a CSI report for CSI-RS ports that are a subset of > CSI-RS ports.

[0602] FIG. 12 illustrates an example method 1200 performed by a UE in a wireless communication system according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 1200 of FIG. 12 can be performed by any of the UEs 111-116 of FIG. 1, such as the UE 116 of FIG. 3, and a corresponding method can be performed by any of the BSs 101-103 of FIG. 1, such as BS 102 of FIG. 2. The method 1200 is for illustration only and other embodiments can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0603] The method 1200 begins with the UE receiving a TPMI for a transmission of a PUSCH (1210). The UE then transmits the PUSCH based on the TPMI (1220). For example, in 1220, the TPMI indicates a precoding matrix from a codebook for antenna ports. The codebook includes precoding matrices constructed based on at least one column of a matrix where is an identity matrix, is a vector, and is a Hermitian transpose of the vector

[0604] FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a terminal or user equipment (UE) 1300 according to an embodiment of the disclosure. FIG. 13 corresponds to the example of the terminal or UE of FIG. 3.

[0605] The terminal is an electronic device capable of wireless communication, may include a User Equipment (UE), a portable phone, a smartphone, a tablet, an Internet of things (IoT) device, etc., having various form factors, and may perform wireless communication with a base station (BS) through a wireless channel.

[0606] Referring to FIG. 13, the UE 1300 may include at least one transceiver (hereinafter, referred to as simply “transceiver”) 1301, at least one processor (hereinafter, referred to as simply “processor”) 1302, and at least one memory (hereinafter, referred to as simply “memory”) 1303. According to at least one or a combination of methods corresponding to the embodiments described in the present disclosure, the transceiver 1301, the processor 1302, and the memory 1303 of the UE 1300 may operate. However, components of the UE 1300 are not limited to the exemplary components illustrated in FIG. 13. In another embodiment, the UE 1300 may further include additional components in addition to the above-mentioned components, or some components may be omitted. Further, in some embodiments, any combination of the transceiver 1301, the processor 1302, or the memory 1303 may be integrated in the form of one component.

[0607] The transceiver 1301 may be a communication circuit or communication circuitry that enables the UE 1300 to perform wireless communication with a node or an entity of a network. For example, the transceiver 1301 may enable the UE 1300 to transmit or receive a signal to or from a BS through cellular communication, or to transmit or receive a signal to or from another UE through cellular communication. For example, the transceiver 1301 may support at least one of various cellular communication technologies including 3rd generation (3G), 4th generation (4G), long term evolution (LTE), 5th generation (5G) NR, 6th generation (6G), and various cellular wireless communication technologies supported by the transceiver (1301) may include all subsequent generations of evolved wireless communications.

[0608] According to an embodiment, the UE 1300 may include a plurality of transceivers. For example, in the case of supporting evolved-universal terrestrial radio access-new radio (E-UTRA-NR) sual connectivity (EN-DC), the UE 1300 may include a first transceiver supporting the 4G LTE wireless communication and a second transceiver supporting the 5G NR wireless communication. According to another embodiment, in the case of supporting NR-dual connectivity (NR-DC), the UE 1300 may include a plurality of transceivers supporting the 5G NR wireless communication. According to still another embodiment, in the case of supporting near field wireless communication, the UE 1300 may separately include a transceiver supporting at least one standard in the group of wireless communication protocol standards as defined in the protocol standards for Bluetooth®, wireless local area network (WLAN) network (including institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11-2016 standard or its amendments, e.g., 802.11ah, 802.11ad, 802.11ay, 802.11ax, 802.11az, 802.11ba, and 802.11be, without being limited thereto).

[0609] According to an embodiment, the transceiver 1301 may include various circuit structures used to transmit or receive signals to or from a BS through a wireless channel. The signals may include control information and data. For example, the transceiver 1301 may include a radio frequency (RF) transmitter for up-converting and amplifying the frequency of a transmitted signal and an RF receiver for low-noise-amplifying a received signal and down-converting the frequency thereof. The transceiver 1301 may output a signal received through a wireless channel to the processor 1302 and may transmit, through a wireless channel, a signal output from the processor 1302.

[0610] The processor 1302 may control general operations of the UE 1300 according to embodiments of the disclosure. The processor 1302 may be implemented by one or more integrated circuit (or circuitry) (IC) chips and may execute various data processings. The processor 1302 may include at least one electric circuit, and may execute instructions (or a program, codes, data, etc.) stored in the memory 1303, individually, collectively or in any combination thereof. Further, the processor 1302 may include a single-core processor or multi-core processor, and may include a processor assembly including a plurality of processing circuits (circuitry) according to a specific implementation scheme.

[0611] The processor 1302 may be electrically, operatively, or communicatively coupled to the transceiver 1301 to control the transceiver 1301.

[0612] The processor 1302 may include at least one processor (or processing circuitry), and the at least one processor may perform the following operations individually, collectively or in any combination thereof. For example, the processor 1302 may include a communication processor (CP) configured to control communication operations and an application processor (AP) configured to control execution of an upper layer (for example, an application layer) . In a specific embodiment, at least a part of the processor 1302 may be included in one chip and the other part of the processor 1302 may be included in another chip. Otherwise, at least one processor may be included in another component, for example, the transceiver 1301 or the memory 1303.

[0613] The processor 1302 may perform or control or cause an operation of the UE 1300 for executing at least one or a combination of methods according to embodiments of the disclosure. For example, the processor 1302 may control operations of the UE 1300 for processing a downlink signal received from a BS or generating and transmitting an uplink signal to a BS. To this end, the processor 1302 may execute a computer program, codes, or instructions stored in the memory 1303, so as to control other components of the UE 1300 to enable execution of various operations.

[0614] The memory 1303 corresponds to a hardware storage device capable of temporarily or permanently storing information and may include one or more storage media. For example, the memory 1303 may include a memory assembly including one or more storage media. For example, the one or more storage media may include permanent memory, such as a hard drive, flash memory, or read-only memory (ROM), semipermanent memory, such as random access memory (RAM), cache memory, or a combination thereof.

[0615] The memory 1303 may be electrically, operatively, or communicatively coupled to the processor 1302 and may be accessed by the processor 1302.

[0616] The memory 1303 may store a computer program, codes, or instructions executable by the processor 1302. According to an embodiment, a computer program, codes, or instructions executable by the processor 1302 may be either stored in a single memory device or separated and distributedly stored in two or more memory devices. By executing the instructions stored in the memory 1303, the processor 1302 may perform various functions according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0617] According to an embodiment of the disclosure, operations of the UE 1300 may be caused to be performed based on execution of instructions (or a computer program or codes) stored in the memory 1303 by at least one processor (or processing circuitry) configured to execute the same individually, collectively, or in any combination thereof, based on processing circuitry that is not configured to execute instructions, and / or based on components of processing circuitry that is not configured to execute instructions.

[0618] FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a base station (BS) 1400 according to an embodiment of the disclosure. FIG. 14 corresponds to the example of the RAN node of FIG. 2.

[0619] The BS 1400 may perform wireless communication with at least one user equipment (UE) located within the area of the BS 1400 through a wireless channel.

[0620] Referring to FIG. 14, the BS 1400 may include at least one transceiver (hereinafter, referred to as simply “transceiver”) 1401, at least one processor (hereinafter, referred to as simply “processor”) 1402, and at least one memory (hereinafter, referred to as simply “memory”) 1403. According to at least one or a combination of methods corresponding to the embodiments described in the present disclosure, the transceiver 1401, the processor 1402, and the memory 1403 of the BS 1400 may operate. However, components of the BS 1400 are not limited to the exemplary components illustrated in FIG. 14. In another embodiment, the BS 1400 may further include additional components in addition to the above-mentioned components, or some components may be omitted. Further, in some embodiments, any combination of the transceiver 1401, the processor 1402, or the memory 1403 may be integrated in the form of one component.

[0621] The transceiver 1401 may be a communication circuit or communication circuitry that enables the BS 1400 to perform wireless communication with a node or an entity of a network. For example, the transceiver 1401 may enable the BS 1400 to transmit or receive a signal to or from the UE X00 through cellular communication, or to transmit or receive a signal to or from another network entity through wireless communication. For example, the transceiver 1401 may support various cellular communication technologies including 3rd generation (3G), 4th generation (4G), long term evolution (LTE), 5th generation (5G) NR, 6th generation (6G), and various cellular wireless communication technologies supported by the transceiver (1401) may include all subsequent generations of evolved wireless communications. According to an embodiment, the transceiver 1401 may include various circuit structures used to transmit or receive signals to or from a UE through a wireless channel. The signals may include control information and data. For example, the transceiver 1401 may include a radio frequency (RF) transmitter for up-converting and amplifying the frequency of a transmitted signal and an RF receiver for low-noise-amplifying a received signal and down-converting the frequency thereof. The transceiver 1401 may output a signal received through a wireless channel to the processor 1402 and may transmit, through a wireless channel, a signal output from the processor 1402.

[0622] Meanwhile, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the BS 1400 may perform communication with a node or an entity of a network through wired or wireless communication. For example, the BS 1400 may perform wired or wireless communication with an adjacent BS, or a node or an entity of a core network through a backhaul network. Although not illustrated in FIG. 14, when the BS 1400 performs wired communication, the BS 1400 may further include a separate network interface for wired communication in addition to the transceiver 1401. The network interface may be referred to as network interface circuitry or communication interface circuitry.

[0623] The processor 1402 may control general operations of the BS 1400 according to embodiments of the disclosure. The processor 1402 may be implemented by one or more integrated circuit (or circuitry) (IC) chips and may execute various data processings. The processor 1402 may include at least one electric circuit, and may execute instructions (or a program, codes, data, etc.) stored in the memory 1403, individually, collectively or in any combination thereof. Further, the processor 1402 may include a single-core processor or multi-core processor, and may include a processor assembly including a plurality of processing circuits (circuitry) according to a specific implementation scheme.

[0624] The processor 1402 may be electrically, operatively, or communicatively coupled to the transceiver 1401 to control the transceiver 1401.

[0625] The processor 1402 may include at least one processor (or processing circuitry), and the at least one processor may perform the following operations individually, collectively or in any combination thereof. In a specific embodiment, at least a part of the processor 1402 may be included in one chip and the other part of the processor 1402 may be included in another chip. Otherwise, at least one processor may be included in another component, for example, the transceiver 1401 or the memory 1403.

[0626] The processor 1402 may perform or control or cause an operation of the BS 1400 for executing at least one or a combination of methods according to embodiments of the disclosure. For example, the processor 1402 may control operations of the BS 1400 for generating and transmitting a downlink signal to a UE or processing an uplink signal received from a UE. Otherwise, the BS 1400 may transmit or receive a signal to or from a neighboring BS, transfer a signal received from a UE to an upper node of the network, or transmit a signal transferred from an upper node of the network to a UE. To this end, the processor 1402 may execute a computer program, codes, or instructions stored in the memory 1403, so as to control other components of the BS 1400 to enable execution of various operations.

[0627] The memory 1403 corresponds to a hardware storage device capable of temporarily or permanently storing information and may include one or more storage media. For example, the memory 1403 may include a memory assembly including one or more storage media. For example, the one or more storage media may include permanent memory, such as a hard drive, flash memory, or read-only memory (ROM), semipermanent memory, such as random access memory (RAM), cache memory, or a combination thereof.

[0628] The memory 1403 may be electrically, operatively, or communicatively coupled to the processor 1402 and may be accessed by the processor 1402.

[0629] The memory 1403 may store a computer program, codes, or instructions executable by the processor 1402. According to an embodiment, a computer program, codes, or instructions executable by the processor 1402 may be either stored in a single memory device or separated and distributedly stored in two or more memory devices. By executing the instructions stored in the memory 1403, the processor 1402 may perform various functions according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0630] According to an embodiment of the disclosure, operations of the BS 1400 may be caused to be performed based on execution of instructions (or a computer program or codes) stored in the memory 1403 by at least one processor (or processing circuitry) configured to execute the same individually, collectively, or in any combination thereof, based on processing circuitry that is not configured to execute instructions, and / or based on components of processing circuitry that is not configured to execute instructions.

[0631] The UE or the base station may perform various communication procedures related to the control plane or the user plane by cooperating with one or more network entities based on wireless communication. For example, the UE may communicate with network entity such as an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) or a Session Management Function (SMF) via the base station, or the base station may perform at least one communication procedure by directly transmitting and receiving signals to / from, or relaying signals between, the network entities.

[0632] The structure of the above-described network entity will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0633] FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a network entity 1500 according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0634] The network entity 1500 may include an entity (apparatus, device, or server, etc.) that performs one or more network functions (NFs) or a part of a network function constituting a core network (e.g., a 5th generation (5G) core (5GC)) in a communication system. In this case, multiple NFs may be implemented within a single network entity, or a single NF may be distributed and implemented across a plurality of network entities. In addition, when an NF is implemented within the network entity, the NF may be implemented in the form of software, and in such a case, a program for operating the NF may be stored in memory of the network entity 1500.

[0635] A single NF may be implemented by one or more instances, which may be deployed on the same network entity or distributed across multiple network entities to operate. The instance may be a software unit that logically executes a specific network function, and may be implemented in a form that is decoupled from physical hardware resources. Further, one or more NFs may be implemented in the form of one network slice to operate to satisfy specifications required by a particular service.

[0636] The NF may include at least one of an access and mobility management function (AMF), a session management function (SMF), a local session management function (L-SMF), a user plane function (UPF), a local user plane function (L-UPF), a policy control function (PCF), a unified data management (UDM), a unified data repository (UDR), a network exposure function (NEF), a network repository function (NRF), an application function (AF), a network slice selection function (NSSF), a network data analytics function (NWDAF), a network slice admission control function (NSACF), an authentication server function (AUSF), or a data network (DN).

[0637] Referring to FIG. 15, the network entity 1500 may include at least one network interface 1501, at least one processor 1502 (hereinafter, “processor”), and at least one memory 1503 (hereinafter, “memory”). As described above, a NF may be implemented in the form of a physical device such as the network entity 1500, or may be virtualized and executed in the form of an instance. When implemented as an instance, the NF need not necessarily include physical components as illustrated in FIG. 15. In such a case, the instance may be logically represented as comprising one or more logical functional elements.

[0638] According to at least one or a combination of methods corresponding to the embodiments described in the present disclosure, the network interface 1501, the processor 1502, and the memory 1503 of the network entity 1500 may operate. However, components of the network entity 1500 are not limited to the exemplary components illustrated in FIG. 15. In another embodiment, the network entity 1500 may further include additional components in addition to the above-mentioned components, or some components may be omitted. Further, in an embodiment, the network interface 1501, the processor 1502, or the memory 1503 may be integrated in the form of one component.

[0639] The network interface 1501 is a collective term for a transmitter part of the network entity 1500 and a receiver part of the network entity 1500, and may be a communication circuit for transmitting or receiving a signal to or from a user equipment (UE), a base station (BS), or another network entity. Here, the communication circuit may include both a communication circuit for wireless communication and a communication circuit for a wired communication. For example, the network interface 1501 may include a circuit, logic, hardware, etc., configured to exchange a control plane message or a user plane message with a UE, a BS, or other core network entities through wireless communication or wired communication. The network interface 1501 may operate using various protocols (e.g., non-access stratum (NAS) protocol). The network interface 1501 may also be referred to, for convenience of description or depending on implementation, as communication circuitry, network interface circuitry, or a communication interface circuitry.

[0640] The processor 1502 may control general operations of the network entity 1500 according to embodiments of the disclosure. The processor 1502 may be implemented by one or more integrated circuit (or circuitry) (IC) chips and may execute various data processings. The processor 1502 may include at least one electric circuit, and may execute instructions (or a program, codes, data, etc.) stored in the memory 1503, individually, collectively or in any combination thereof. Further, the processor 1502 may include a single-core processor or multi-core processor, and may include a processor assembly including a plurality of processing circuits (circuitry) according to a specific implementation scheme. Further, it should be noted that, according to another embodiment, in a case where NF is implemented in the form of an instance, the network function may be not necessarily configured by physical hardware.

[0641] According to an embodiment, the processor 1502 may be electrically, operatively, or communicatively coupled to the network interface 1501 to control the network interface 1501.

[0642] The processor 1502 may include at least one processor (or processing circuitry), and the at least one processor may perform the following operations individually, collectively or in any combination thereof. In a specific embodiment, at least a part of the processor 1502 may be included in one chip and the other part of the processor 1502 may be included in another chip. Otherwise, at least one processor may be included in another component, for example, the network interface 1501 or the memory 1503.

[0643] The processor 1502 may perform or control or cause an operation of the network entity 1500 for executing at least one or a combination of methods according to embodiments of the disclosure. For example, the processor 1502 may control operations of the network entity 1500 for exchanging a control plane message or a user plane message with a UE, a BS, or other core network entities through wireless or wired communication, using various protocols (e.g., NAS protocol). To this end, the processor 1502 may execute a computer program, codes, or instructions stored in the memory 1503, so as to control other components of the network entity 1500 to enable execution of various operations.

[0644] The memory 1503 corresponds to a hardware storage device capable of temporarily or permanently storing information and may include one or more storage media. For example, the memory 1503 may include a memory assembly including one or more storage media. For example, the one or more storage media may include permanent memory, such as a hard drive, flash memory, or read-only memory (ROM), semipermanent memory, such as random access memory (RAM), cache memory, or a combination thereof.

[0645] The memory 1503 may be electrically, operatively, or communicatively coupled to the processor 1502 and may be accessed by the processor 1502.

[0646] The memory 1503 may store a computer program, codes, or instructions executable by the processor 1502. According to an embodiment, a computer program, codes, or instructions executable by the processor 1502 may be either stored in a single memory device or separated and distributedly stored in two or more memory devices. By executing the instructions stored in the memory 1503, the processor 1502 may perform various functions according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0647] According to an embodiment of the disclosure, operations of the network entity 1500 may be caused to be performed based on execution of instructions (or a computer program or codes) stored in the memory 1503 by at least one processor (or processing circuitry) configured to execute the same individually, collectively, or in any combination thereof, based on processing circuitry that is not configured to execute instructions, and / or based on components of processing circuitry that is not configured to execute instructions.

[0648] In one embodiment, A user equipment (UE) is provided, wherein the UE comprising: at least one transceiver; at least one processor communicatively coupled to the at least one transceiver; andat least one memory, communicatively coupled to the at least one processor, storing instructions executable by the at least one processor individually or in any combination to cause the UE to: receive a transmit precoding matrix indicator (TPMI) for a transmission of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH); and transmit the PUSCH based on the TPMI, wherein the TPMI indicates a precoding matrix from a codebook for antenna ports, and wherein the codebook includes precoding matrices constructed based on at least one column of a matrix where is an identity matrix, is a vector, and is a Hermitian transpose of the vector

[0649] In another embodiment, is a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) vector.

[0650] In another embodiment, is an eigenvector associated with a channel matrix.

[0651] In another embodiment, is based on a vector such that is a column of the matrix where is a matrix or a scalar value, and is a vector.

[0652] In another embodiment, and implying such that a first column of is

[0653] In another embodiment, when the precoding matrix indicated by the TPMI has a rank = the at least one column of the matrix corresponds to columns, and the precoding matrix is determined based on selecting columns of the matrix and is expressed as where, for is an index of a -th column vector of the selected columns comprising the matrix

[0654] In another embodiment, the at least one column of the matrix corresponds to columns, where each column of the precoding matrix indicated by the TPMI is based on a weighted sum of the columns of the matrix and the precoding matrix is expressed as where is a combining coefficient, are indices of column vectors comprising and with is an amplitude of

[0655] In another embodiment, wherein a set comprising vectors as candidates for is used to construct where the set is downloadable or learnt via an artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) technique.

[0656] In another embodiment, A base station (BS) is provided, wherein the BS comprising: at least one transceiver; at least one processor communicatively coupled to the at least one transceiver; and at least one memory, communicatively coupled to the at least one processor, storing instructions executable by the at least one processor individually or in any combination to cause the base station to: transmit a transmit precoding matrix indicator (TPMI) for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH); and receive the PUSCH based on the TPMI, wherein the TPMI indicates a precoding matrix from a codebook for antenna ports, and wherein the codebook includes precoding matrices constructed based on at least one column of a matrix where is an identity matrix, is a vector, and is a Hermitian transpose of the vector

[0657] In another embodiment, is a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) vector.

[0658] In another embodiment, is an eigenvector associated with a channel matrix.

[0659] In another embodiment, is based on a vector such that is a column of the matrix where is a matrix or a scalar value, and is a vector.

[0660] In another embodiment, and implying such that a first column of is

[0661] In another embodiment, when the precoding matrix indicated by the TPMI has a rank = the at least one column of the matrix corresponds to columns, and the precoding matrix is determined based on selecting columns of the matrix and is expressed as where, for is an index of a -th column vector of the selected columns comprising the matrix

[0662] In another embodiment, the at least one column of the matrix corresponds to columns, where each column of the precoding matrix indicated by the TPMI is based on a weighted sum of the columns of the matrix and the precoding matrix is expressed as where is a combining coefficient, are indices of column vectors comprising and with is an amplitude of

[0663] In another embodiment, wherein a set comprising vectors as candidates for is used to construct where the set is downloadable or learnt via an artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) technique.

[0664] In another embodiment, A method performed by a user equipment (UE) is provided, wherein the method comprising receiving a transmit precoding matrix indicator (TPMI) for a transmission of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH); and transmitting the PUSCH based on the TPMI, wherein the TPMI indicates a precoding matrix from a codebook for antenna ports, and wherein the codebook includes precoding matrices constructed based on at least one column of a matrix where is an identity matrix, is a vector, and is a Hermitian transpose of the vector

[0665] In another embodiment, is based on a vector such that is a column of the matrix where is a matrix or a scalar value, and is a vector.

[0666] In another embodiment, and implying such that a first column of is

[0667] In another embodiment, when the precoding matrix indicated by the TPMI has a rank = the at least one column of the matrix corresponds to columns, and the precoding matrix is determined based on selecting columns of the matrix and is expressed as where, for is an index of a -th column vector of the selected columns comprising the matrix

[0668] In various embodiments, is a DFT vector. In various embodiments, is an eigenvector associated with a channel matrix. In various embodiments, is based on a vector such that is a column of the matrix where is a matrix or a scalar value, and is a vector. In some examples, and implying such that a first column of is

[0669] In various embodiments, when the precoding matrix indicated by the TPMI has a rank = the at least one column of the matrix corresponds to columns and the precoding matrix is determined based on selecting columns of the matrix and is expressed as where, for is an index of a -th column vector of the selected columns comprising the matrix

[0670] In various embodiments, the at least one column of the matrix corresponds to columns, where and each column of the precoding matrix indicated by the TPMI is based on a weighted sum of the columns of the matrix The precoding matrix is expressed as where is a combining coefficient, are indices of column vectors comprising and with is an amplitude of

[0671] In various embodiments, a set comprising vectors as candidates for is used to construct where the set is downloadable or learnt via an AI / ML technique.

[0672] Any of the above variation embodiments can be utilized independently or in combination with at least one other variation embodiment. The above flowchart(s) illustrate example methods that can be implemented in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure and various changes could be made to the methods illustrated in the flowcharts herein. For example, while shown as a series of steps, various steps in each figure could overlap, occur in parallel, occur in a different order, or occur multiple times. In another example, steps may be omitted or replaced by other steps.

[0673] Although the figures illustrate different examples of user equipment, various changes may be made to the figures. For example, the user equipment can include any number of each component in any suitable arrangement. In general, the figures do not limit the scope of the present disclosure to any particular configuration(s). Moreover, while figures illustrate operational environments in which various user equipment features disclosed in this patent document can be used, these features can be used in any other suitable system.

[0674] Although the present disclosure has been described with exemplary embodiments, various changes and modifications may be suggested to one skilled in the art. It is intended that the present disclosure encompass such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims. None of the descriptions in this application should be read as implying that any particular element, step, or function is an essential element that must be included in the claims scope. The scope of patented subject matter is defined by the claims.

[0675] Meanwhile, although specific embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail, various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of the present disclosure should not be limited to the described embodiments, but should be defined by the claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

A user equipment (UE), the UE comprising:at least one transceiver;at least one processor communicatively coupled to the at least one transceiver; andat least one memory, communicatively coupled to the at least one processor, storing instructions executable by the at least one processor individually or in any combination to cause the UE to:receive a transmit precoding matrix indicator (TPMI) for a transmission of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH); andtransmit the PUSCH based on the TPMI,wherein the TPMI indicates a precoding matrix from a codebook forantenna ports, andwherein the codebook includes precoding matrices constructed based on at least one column of a matrixwhereis an identity matrix,is avector,andis a Hermitian transpose of the vectorThe UE of claim 1, whereinis a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) vector or an eigenvector associated with a channel matrix.The UE of claim 1, whereinis based on a vectorsuch thatis a column of the matrixwhereis a matrix or a scalar value, andis a vector.The UE of claim 3, whereinandimplyingsuch that a first column ofisThe UE of claim 1, wherein:when the precoding matrix indicated by the TPMI has a rank =the at least one column of the matrixcorresponds tocolumns, andthe precoding matrix is determined based on selectingcolumns of the matrixand is expressed aswhere, foris an index of a-th column vectorof the selectedcolumns comprising the matrixThe UE of claim 1, wherein:the at least one column of the matrixcorresponds tocolumns, whereeach column of the precoding matrix indicated by the TPMI is based on a weighted sum of thecolumns of the matrixandthe precoding matrix is expressed aswhereis a combining coefficient,areindices of column vectorscomprisingandwithis an amplitude ofThe UE of claim 1, wherein a setcomprisingvectors as candidates foris used to constructwhere the setis downloadable or learnt via an artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) technique.A base station (BS), the BS comprising:at least one transceiver;at least one processor communicatively coupled to the at least one transceiver; andat least one memory, communicatively coupled to the at least one processor, storing instructions executable by the at least one processor individually or in any combination to cause the base station to:transmit a transmit precoding matrix indicator (TPMI) for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH); andreceive the PUSCH based on the TPMI,wherein the TPMI indicates a precoding matrix from a codebook forantenna ports, andwherein the codebook includes precoding matrices constructed based on at least one column of a matrixwhereis an identity matrix,is avector,andis a Hermitian transpose of the vectorThe BS of claim 8, whereinis a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) vector or an eigenvector associated with a channel matrix.The BS of claim 8, whereinis based on a vectorsuch thatis a column of the matrixwhereis a matrix or a scalar value, andis a vector.The BS of claim 10, whereinandimplyingsuch that a first column ofisThe BS of claim 8, wherein:when the precoding matrix indicated by the TPMI has a rank =the at least one column of the matrixcorresponds tocolumns, andthe precoding matrix is determined based on selectingcolumns of the matrixand is expressed aswhere, foris an index of a-th column vectorof the selectedcolumns comprising the matrixThe BS of claim 8, wherein:the at least one column of the matrixcorresponds tocolumns, whereeach column of the precoding matrix indicated by the TPMI is based on a weighted sum of thecolumns of the matrixandthe precoding matrix is expressed aswhereis a combining coefficient,areindices of column vectorscomprisingandwithis an amplitude ofThe BS of claim 8, wherein a setcomprisingvectors as candidates foris used to constructwhere the setis downloadable or learnt via an artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) technique.A method performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprisingreceiving a transmit precoding matrix indicator (TPMI) for a transmission of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH); andtransmitting the PUSCH based on the TPMI,wherein the TPMI indicates a precoding matrix from a codebook forantenna ports, andwherein the codebook includes precoding matrices constructed based on at least one column of a matrixwhereis an identity matrix,is avector,andis a Hermitian transpose of the vector

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