Integrated nucleic acid testing apparatus compatible with multiple sample types, and nucleic acid testing method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of nucleic acid testing, and discloses an integrated nucleic acid testing apparatus compatible with multiple sample types, and a nucleic acid testing method. The nucleic acid testing apparatus comprises a plurality of chambers, wherein the top end of a nucleic acid extraction chamber is provided with a saliva sample compartment, a plasma sample compartment, and a nasopharyngeal swab sample compartment. A test strip testing chamber comprises a first test strip chamber and a second test strip chamber, and the second test strip chamber is slidably connected to the first test strip chamber. Each chamber is internally provided with a through hole penetrating the two end surfaces thereof. The side wall of each through hole is provided with puncture structures extending towards the top surface thereof. The bottom end of each through hole is sealed by a sealing film; and the puncture structures are used for puncturing the corresponding sealing film. The test paper is fixed in a test paper storage slot of the second test paper chamber. The test paper storage slot is in communication with the through hole of the first test paper chamber. The test strip testing chamber is provided with a test result output window for outputting a test result. The testing is easy to operate, and the testing process is in a sealed state, thereby avoiding environmental pollution and allowing compatibility of different types of samples.

Description

Integrated nucleic acid detection device compatible with multiple sample types and nucleic acid detection method

[0001] Cross-reference to Related Applications

[0002] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application No. 202411274859.1, filed on September 11, 2024, and entitled “Integrated nucleic acid detection device compatible with multiple sample types and nucleic acid detection method”, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present application relates to the technical field of nucleic acid detection, in particular to an integrated nucleic acid detection device compatible with multiple sample types and a nucleic acid detection method. BACKGROUND

[0004] Pathogenic microorganisms are harmful to humans from time to time, and rapid and accurate diagnostic methods are the primary condition for effectively reducing the spread of pathogens. At present, nucleic acid detection is still the “gold standard” for judging whether the population is infected. Nucleic acid detection includes the steps of pre-sampling, nucleic acid extraction, nucleic acid amplification and nucleic acid detection. In this process, environmental pollution is extremely easy to occur, so professional personnel, professional equipment and specific places (such as hospitals, laboratories, etc.) are required, which greatly increases the detection cost and detection time.

[0005] In addition, portable nucleic acid detection devices show great potential in the field of point-of-care (POC) due to their compact design and convenient operation. However, existing portable nucleic acid detection devices are difficult to effectively accommodate multiple sample types that require different preprocessing steps, such as saliva, nasopharyngeal swab and plasma samples. These sample types have significant differences in composition, resulting in different preprocessing requirements.

[0006] Saliva samples usually contain high concentrations of enzymes and proteins, which can inhibit the subsequent nucleic acid amplification process; nasopharyngeal swabs need to go through a specific lysis step to release the nucleic acid in the pathogen; and plasma samples need to remove blood cells and other components that may interfere with the detection results. These differentiated preprocessing steps are relatively easy to implement in traditional laboratory environments, but in portable nucleic acid detection devices, they become particularly difficult due to their own small size and technical complexity.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of portable nucleic acid detection device that can effectively accommodate various sample types and integrate the necessary sample preprocessing functions in a limited space. SUMMARY

[0008] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present application is that the existing portable nucleic acid detection device cannot simultaneously detect saliva, nasopharyngeal swab and plasma samples, thereby providing an integrated nucleic acid detection device compatible with multiple sample types and a nucleic acid detection method.

[0009] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solutions of the present application are as follows:

[0010] An integrated nucleic acid detection device compatible with multiple sample types, the nucleic acid detection device comprising a nucleic acid extraction chamber, a first buffer chamber for containing a buffer, a nucleic acid amplification chamber, a second buffer chamber for containing a diluent, and a test strip detection chamber connected in sequence by screw thread sealing.

[0011] The top end of the nucleic acid extraction chamber is provided with a sample bin, the sample bin comprising a saliva sample bin, a plasma sample bin and a nasopharyngeal swab sample bin each having a sample inlet at the top, the sample inlets of the saliva sample bin, the plasma sample bin and the nasopharyngeal swab sample bin being detachably sealed by a saliva bin sealing plug, a plasma bin sealing plug and a nasopharyngeal swab bin sealing plug respectively, the bottom end of the saliva sample bin and the plasma sample bin being sealed by a saliva bin sealing membrane and a plasma bin filter membrane respectively.

[0012] The test strip detection chamber comprises a first test strip chamber and a second test strip chamber, the second test strip chamber being slidably connected with the first test strip chamber along the length direction of the nucleic acid detection device.

[0013] Each of the chambers is provided with a through hole penetrating through both end faces, a thorn-like structure extending towards the top face of each chamber is arranged on the side wall of the through hole, and the bottom end of the through hole is sealed by a sealing membrane, the thorn-like structure being used to pierce the corresponding sealing membrane.

[0014] A test strip is fixed in a test strip storage groove of the second test strip chamber, the second test strip storage groove being communicated with the through hole in the first test strip chamber, and the test strip detection chamber is provided with a detection result output window for outputting the detection result.

[0015] Optionally, the through hole comprises an internally threaded section and an open hole section connected in communication, the diameter of the internally threaded section being greater than the diameter of the open hole section, so as to form a stepped face at the transition between the internally threaded section and the open hole section, and the thorn-like structure is protrudingly arranged on the stepped face.

[0016] Optionally, a plurality of thorn-like structures are arranged on the stepped face.

[0017] Optionally, the open hole section comprises a tapered cavity and a flow resistance channel, the top end of the flow resistance channel being communicated with the tapered cavity, and the bottom end of the flow resistance channel being communicated with the second buffer chamber when the corresponding sealing membrane is broken.

[0018] Optionally, the light hole section of the nucleic acid amplification chamber further comprises a storage cavity, the bottom end of the storage cavity is sealed by the sealing film, the top end of the storage cavity is communicated with the flow blocking channel, and the bottom end is communicated with the second buffer chamber when the corresponding sealing film is broken.

[0019] Optionally, the cross section of the flow blocking channel is circular, and the diameter is 0.5mm to 1mm.

[0020] Optionally, the nucleic acid extraction chamber, the first buffer chamber, the nucleic acid amplification chamber and the second buffer chamber are collectively referred to as chambers, and each chamber has an external thread section on the outer side wall of the bottom end, and the length of the external thread section is equivalent to the length of the corresponding internal thread section.

[0021] Optionally, the second test paper chamber comprises two sub-bodies that are relatively buckled together, and grooves are respectively formed on the opposite surfaces of the two sub-bodies, and the two grooves are matched to form the test paper storage groove, and the opposite surfaces are the surfaces of the sub-bodies facing each other.

[0022] Optionally, the top end of the second test paper chamber is provided with a containing groove for accommodating the bottom end of the first test paper chamber, the top end of the test paper storage groove is communicated with the containing groove, the side wall of the containing groove is provided with a sliding block / slot, and the outer side wall of the first test paper chamber is correspondingly provided with a slot / block, and the sliding block and the slot are slidingly matched.

[0023] The technical scheme of the present application has the following advantages:

[0024] 1. The integrated nucleic acid detection device compatible with multiple sample types provided by the present application, the nucleic acid extraction chamber, the first buffer chamber, the nucleic acid amplification chamber, the second buffer chamber and the first test paper chamber are collectively referred to as chambers, and the two adjacent chambers are connected by a threaded structure, the corresponding sealing film is pierced by rotating the chamber to transfer the liquid, and the processes of nucleic acid extraction, amplification and detection can be completed in turn, the operation is simple, and professional personnel and professional equipment are not required, which reduces the detection cost and time, and the top of the nucleic acid extraction chamber is provided with a saliva sample bin, a plasma sample bin and a nasopharyngeal swab sample bin for saliva, plasma and nasopharyngeal swab samples respectively, so that the nucleic acid detection device can be compatible with multiple sample types, the dependence on specific sample collection techniques is reduced, the flexibility of detection is increased, the efficiency of large-scale screening and monitoring is improved, and the device is in a completely sealed state during the entire detection process, thereby avoiding environmental pollution.

[0025] 2. The integrated nucleic acid detection device compatible with multiple sample types provided by the present application, the light hole section of the nucleic acid amplification chamber comprises a tapered cavity and a flow blocking channel, the top end of the flow blocking channel communicates with the tapered cavity, and the bottom end communicates with the second buffer chamber when the corresponding sealing film is broken, the setting of the tapered cavity is beneficial to the smooth flow of the amplification product into the second buffer chamber, and when the nucleic acid detection device is inverted, the flow blocking channel can prevent liquid from flowing from the second buffer chamber into the first buffer chamber through the nucleic acid amplification chamber, so that the sample loading end of the test paper can contact the detection liquid.

[0026] 3. The integrated nucleic acid detection device compatible with multiple sample types provided by the present application, the nucleic acid extraction chamber, the first buffer chamber, the nucleic acid amplification chamber, the second buffer chamber and the first test paper chamber are collectively referred to as chambers, and the outer side wall of the bottom end of each chamber has an external thread section, the length of the external thread section is equivalent to the length of the internal thread section in the adjacent chamber below, so that even if the size of the thorn-like structure is small, the sealing film can be pierced without designing the size of the thorn-like structure to be larger to increase the processing cost and difficulty.

[0027] A nucleic acid detection method based on the foregoing integrated nucleic acid detection device compatible with multiple sample types, comprising the following steps:

[0028] The sample is added to the corresponding sample bin through the corresponding sample inlet, the corresponding sample inlet is sealed, the sample enters the nucleic acid extraction chamber along the sample bin, and the lysate is obtained after reaction;

[0029] Twist the nucleic acid extraction chamber towards the first buffer chamber, pierce the sealing film at the bottom of the nucleic acid extraction chamber, so that the lysate enters the first buffer chamber and mixes with the buffer solution;

[0030] Twist the first buffer chamber towards the nucleic acid amplification chamber, pierce the sealing film at the bottom of the first buffer chamber, so that the lysate and the buffer solution enter the nucleic acid amplification chamber, and the amplification product is obtained after reaction;

[0031] Twist the nucleic acid amplification chamber towards the second buffer chamber, pierce the sealing film at the bottom of the nucleic acid amplification chamber, and shake the nucleic acid detection device, so that the amplification product enters the second buffer chamber and the detection liquid is obtained after dilution;

[0032] Invert the nucleic acid detection device;

[0033] Twist the first test paper chamber towards the second buffer chamber, pierce the sealing film at the bottom of the second buffer chamber;

[0034] Push the second test paper chamber towards the first test paper chamber, so that the sample loading end of the test paper contacts the detection liquid;

[0035] The detection result is outputted by the detection result output window after standing for a preset time.

[0036] The technical solution of the present application has the following advantages:

[0037] The nucleic acid detection method of the integrated nucleic acid detection device compatible with multiple sample types provided by the present application can perform liquid transfer by rotating the chamber to pierce the corresponding sealing film, thereby sequentially completing the processes of nucleic acid extraction, amplification, detection, etc. The operation is simple, and it does not need to rely on professional personnel and professional equipment, thereby reducing the detection cost and time. In addition, the device is in a completely sealed state during the entire detection process, thereby avoiding environmental pollution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed in the specific embodiments or the prior art description will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0039] Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the nucleic acid detection device in the embodiments of the present application;

[0040] Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the sample bin in the embodiments of the present application;

[0041] Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the sealing plug of the saliva bin in the embodiments of the present application;

[0042] Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the first buffer chamber in the embodiments of the present application;

[0043] Fig. 5 is a front view of the nucleic acid amplification chamber in the embodiments of the present application;

[0044] Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the nucleic acid amplification chamber in the embodiments of the present application;

[0045] Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the first angle of the first test paper chamber in the embodiments of the present application;

[0046] Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the second angle of the first test paper chamber in the embodiments of the present application;

[0047] Fig. 9 is a perspective exploded view of the second test paper chamber in the embodiments of the present application;

[0048] Figure 10 is a flow chart of nucleic acid detection in the embodiments of the present application. 11, saliva sample chamber; 110, saliva chamber sealing film; 111, saliva chamber sealing plug; 112, flow guide groove; 12, plasma sample chamber; 120, plasma chamber filter film; 121, plasma chamber sealing plug; 13, nasopharyngeal swab sample chamber; 131, nasopharyngeal swab chamber sealing plug; 2, nucleic acid extraction chamber; 3, first buffer chamber; 4, nucleic acid amplification chamber; 41, conical cavity; 42, flow blocking channel; 43, storage cavity; 5, second buffer chamber; 6, test strip detection chamber; 61, first test strip chamber; 6111, sliding groove; 62, second test strip chamber; 621, containing groove; 6211, sliding block; 622, test strip storage groove; 623, detection result output window; 624, buckling structure; A, through hole; A1, internal thread section; A2, light hole section; A3, step surface; B, thorn-shaped structure; C, sealing film; D, external thread section. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0050] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0051] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connection" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the communication inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0052] In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0053] Embodiment 1

[0054] As shown in FIGS. 1-9, the present embodiment provides an integrated nucleic acid detection device compatible with multiple sample types. The nucleic acid detection device comprises a nucleic acid extraction chamber 2, a first buffer chamber 3 for containing buffer, a nucleic acid amplification chamber 4, a second buffer chamber 5 for containing diluent, and a test strip detection chamber 6, which are connected together in sequence by screw thread sealing. The top of the nucleic acid extraction chamber 2 is provided with sample compartments, as shown in FIG. 2, which include a saliva sample compartment 11, a plasma sample compartment 12, and a nasopharyngeal swab sample compartment 13, each having a sample inlet at the top. The sample inlets of the saliva sample compartment 11, the plasma sample compartment 12, and the nasopharyngeal swab sample compartment 13 are respectively detachably sealed by a saliva compartment sealing plug 111, a plasma compartment sealing plug 121, and a nasopharyngeal swab compartment sealing plug 131. The bottom end of the saliva sample compartment 11 and the plasma sample compartment 12 is respectively sealed by a saliva compartment sealing film 110 and a plasma compartment filter film 120. The test strip detection chamber 6 comprises a first test strip chamber 61 and a second test strip chamber 62, which are connected in sliding connection along the length direction of the nucleic acid detection device. Through holes A are formed in the nucleic acid extraction chamber 2, the first buffer chamber 3, the nucleic acid amplification chamber 4, the second buffer chamber 5, and the first test strip chamber 61, extending through both end faces. On the side wall of the through hole A, a thorn-like structure B extends towards the top face. The bottom end of the through hole A is sealed by a sealing film C, and the thorn-like structure B is used to pierce the corresponding sealing film C. The test strip is fixed in a test strip storage groove 622 of the second test strip chamber 62. The test strip storage groove 622 is connected to the through hole A in the first test strip chamber 61. The test strip detection chamber 6 is provided with a detection result output window 623 for outputting the detection result.

[0055] The integrated nucleic acid detection device compatible with multiple sample types provided by the present embodiment comprises a nucleic acid extraction chamber 2, a first buffer chamber 3, a nucleic acid amplification chamber 4, a second buffer chamber 5, and a test strip detection chamber 6, which are connected together in sequence by screw thread sealing. The corresponding sealing film is pierced by rotating the chamber to transfer the liquid, thereby sequentially completing the processes of nucleic acid extraction, amplification, and detection, without relying on professionals and professional equipment. The operation is convenient and instant detection can be achieved. In addition, since the nucleic acid detection device is provided with a saliva sample compartment 11, a plasma sample compartment 12, and a nasopharyngeal swab sample compartment 13 at the top of the nucleic acid extraction chamber 2, it can effectively accommodate various sample types and integrate the necessary sample pretreatment functions in a limited space. Furthermore, the device is in a completely sealed state during the entire detection process, avoiding environmental pollution.

[0056] The number and order of the aforementioned chambers can be increased, deleted, or exchanged according to experimental methods and requirements.

[0057] In the present embodiment, since the nucleic acid extraction chamber 2, the first buffer chamber 3, the nucleic acid amplification chamber 4, the second buffer chamber 5, and the test strip detection chamber 6 are threadedly sealed and connected, any chamber can be replaced as needed (such as replacement due to expiration of the content of a chamber or replacement due to experimental method change), so as to avoid discarding the entire nucleic acid detection device and causing resource waste.

[0058] Optionally, as shown in FIG. 4, the structure of the through hole A in the first buffer chamber 3 is introduced, and the structures of the through holes A in the nucleic acid extraction chamber 2, the nucleic acid amplification chamber 4, the second buffer chamber 5, and the first test strip chamber 61 are basically the same, and thus are not described herein. The through hole A includes an internally threaded section A1 and a light hole section A2 which are in communication with each other. The diameter of the internally threaded section A1 is greater than the diameter of the light hole section A2, so as to form a stepped surface A3 at the transition between the internally threaded section A1 and the light hole section A2. The spine-like structure B is protrudingly arranged on the stepped surface A3. Specifically, the cross section of the through hole A is circular. A plurality of spine-like structures B are arranged at equal intervals on each stepped surface A3.

[0059] Optionally, as shown in FIG. 6, the light hole section A2 of the nucleic acid amplification chamber 4 includes a tapered cavity 41 and a flow blocking channel 42. The top end of the flow blocking channel 42 is in communication with the tapered cavity 41, and the bottom end is in communication with the second buffer chamber 5 when the corresponding sealing film C breaks. Specifically, the cross section of the flow blocking channel 42 is circular, and the diameter is 0.5 mm to 1 mm.

[0060] Optionally, the light hole section A2 of the nucleic acid amplification chamber 4 further includes a storage cavity 43. The bottom end of the storage cavity 43 is sealed by the sealing film C, the top end of the storage cavity 43 is in communication with the flow blocking channel 42, and the bottom end is in communication with the second buffer chamber 5 when the corresponding sealing film C breaks.

[0061] Optionally, the nucleic acid extraction chamber 2, the first buffer chamber 3, the nucleic acid amplification chamber 4, and the second buffer chamber 5 are collectively referred to as chambers. The outer threaded section D is arranged on the outer side wall of the bottom end of each chamber. The length of the outer threaded section D is comparable to the length of the corresponding internally threaded section A1. In this way, even if the length of the spine-like structure B is small, the sealing film C can also be pierced, without the need to design the spine-like structure B to be longer, thereby increasing the processing cost and difficulty.

[0062] Optionally, the second test strip chamber 62 includes two sub-bodies which are relatively buckled together. The opposite faces of the two sub-bodies are respectively provided with grooves, and the two grooves are in opposition to form a test strip storage groove 622. The opposite faces are the faces of the sub-bodies facing each other. The buckling structure 624 is correspondingly arranged on the opposite faces. In the present embodiment, the buckling structure 624 includes a groove arranged on the left sub-body and a clamping column arranged on the right sub-body in the view of FIG. 9, and the clamping column and the groove cooperate to fix the two sub-bodies together.

[0063] Optionally, the top end of the second test paper chamber 62 is provided with a containing groove 621 containing the bottom end of the first test paper chamber 61, the top end of the test paper storage groove 622 communicates with the containing groove 621, and the side wall of the containing groove 621 is provided with a sliding block 6211 / slide groove, and the outer side wall of the first test paper chamber 61 is correspondingly provided with a slide groove 6111 / sliding block, and the sliding block 6211 and the slide groove 6111 are in sliding fit.

[0064] Optionally, the nucleic acid detection device is in the shape of a cylinder or a cuboid.

[0065] Embodiment 2

[0066] As shown in FIG. 10, the following takes a saliva sample as an example to introduce a nucleic acid detection method based on the integrated nucleic acid detection device (as shown in FIGS. 1-9) compatible with multiple sample types in Embodiment 1, which includes the following steps:

[0067] Place the nucleic acid detection device upright with the top up and the bottom down;

[0068] Remove the saliva cartridge sealing plug 111 to expose the sample inlet of the saliva sample cartridge 11;

[0069] Add saliva into the saliva sample cartridge 11 from the sample inlet, cover the saliva cartridge sealing plug 111 and press it down to the bottom, and pierce the saliva cartridge sealing film 110, so that the pretreated saliva sample enters the nucleic acid extraction chamber 2 through the flow guide groove 112 (as shown in FIG. 3), and the lysis product is obtained after a preset time of reaction;

[0070] Twist the nucleic acid extraction chamber 2 towards the first buffer chamber 3, pierce the sealing film C at the bottom of the nucleic acid extraction chamber 2, so that the lysis product enters the first buffer chamber 3 and mixes with the buffer solution;

[0071] Twist the first buffer chamber 3 towards the nucleic acid amplification chamber 4, pierce the sealing film C at the bottom of the first buffer chamber 3, so that the lysis product and the buffer solution enter the nucleic acid amplification chamber 4, and the amplification product is obtained after a preset time of reaction;

[0072] Twist the nucleic acid amplification chamber 4 towards the second buffer chamber 5, pierce the sealing film C at the bottom of the nucleic acid amplification chamber 4, and shake the nucleic acid detection device, so that the amplification product enters the second buffer chamber 5 and the detection solution is obtained after dilution;

[0073] Invert the nucleic acid detection device;

[0074] Twist the first test paper chamber 61 towards the second buffer chamber 5, break the sealing film C at the bottom of the second buffer chamber 5, and the diluted amplification product in the second buffer chamber 5 flows towards the nucleic acid amplification chamber 4, but due to the flow resistance of the flow resistance channel 42, the detection liquid cannot enter the first buffer chamber 3 through the flow resistance channel 42, and part of it enters the storage chamber 43 mentioned above;

[0075] Push the second test paper chamber 62 towards the first test paper chamber 61, so that the slider 6211 slides along the sliding groove 6111, the sample end of the test paper moves with the second test paper chamber 62, enters the second buffer chamber 5, and contacts the detection liquid;

[0076] After standing for a predetermined time, the detection result is output from the detection result output window 623.

[0077] The detection processes of the plasma sample, the nasopharyngeal swab sample and the saliva sample are the same, except that the plasma sample needs to be added into the plasma sample chamber 12, and the nasopharyngeal swab sample needs to be added into the nasopharyngeal swab sample chamber 13.

[0078] The nucleic acid detection method of the integrated nucleic acid detection device compatible with multiple sample types provided in the application can complete the processes of nucleic acid extraction, amplification and detection in sequence by rotating the chamber to break the corresponding sealing film for liquid transfer, which is simple to operate, does not need to rely on professional personnel and professional equipment, reduces the detection cost and the detection time, and the device is in a completely sealed state during the entire detection process, so that environmental pollution is avoided.

[0079] Obviously, the above embodiments are only examples for clearly illustrating, and are not intended to limit the implementation modes. Based on the above description, other different forms of changes or variations can be made by those skilled in the art. Here, all the implementation modes do not need to be exhausted, and the obvious changes or variations derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the application.

Claims

An integrated nucleic acid detection device compatible with multiple sample types, characterized in that, The nucleic acid detection device comprises a nucleic acid extraction chamber (2), a first buffer chamber (3) for containing buffer, a nucleic acid amplification chamber (4), a second buffer chamber (5) for containing diluent, and a test strip detection chamber (6) which are sequentially and threadedly sealed. The top end of the nucleic acid extraction chamber (2) is provided with a sample bin, and the sample bin comprises a saliva sample bin (11), a plasma sample bin (12), and a nasopharyngeal swab sample bin (13) each having a sample inlet at the top. The test strip detection chamber (6) comprises a first test strip chamber (61) and a second test strip chamber (62), and the second test strip chamber (62) is slidably connected with the first test strip chamber (61) along the length direction of the nucleic acid detection device. The nucleic acid extraction chamber (2), the first buffer chamber (3), the nucleic acid amplification chamber (4), the second buffer chamber (5), and the first test strip chamber (61) are each provided with a through hole (A) penetrating through both end faces, and a thorn-shaped structure (B) extending towards the top face is arranged on the side wall of the through hole (A). The test strip is fixed in a test strip storage groove (622) of the second test strip chamber (62), the test strip storage groove (622) is communicated with the through hole (A) in the first test strip chamber (61), and a detection result output window (623) is arranged on the second test strip chamber (62) for outputting the detection result. The integrated nucleic acid detection device compatible with multiple sample types according to claim 1, wherein, The through hole (A) comprises an internally-threaded section (A1) and an open hole section (A2) which are communicated, the diameter of the internally-threaded section (A1) is greater than that of the open hole section (A2), so as to form a stepped face (A3) at the transition between the internally-threaded section (A1) and the open hole section (A2), and the thorn-shaped structure (B) is protrudingly arranged on the stepped face (A3). The integrated nucleic acid detection device compatible with multiple sample types according to claim 2, wherein, A plurality of thorn-shaped structures (B) are arranged on the stepped face (A3). The integrated nucleic acid detection device compatible with multiple sample types according to claim 2, wherein, The open hole section (A2) of the nucleic acid amplification chamber (4) comprises a tapered cavity (41) and a flow resistance channel (42), the top end of the flow resistance channel (42) is communicated with the tapered cavity (41), and the bottom end is communicated with the second buffer chamber (5) when the corresponding sealing film (C) is broken. The integrated nucleic acid detection device compatible with multiple sample types according to claim 4, wherein, The open hole section (A2) of the nucleic acid amplification chamber (4) further comprises a storage cavity (43), the bottom end of the storage cavity (43) is sealed by the sealing film (C), the top end of the storage cavity (43) is communicated with the flow resistance channel (42), and the bottom end is communicated with the second buffer chamber (5) when the corresponding sealing film (C) is broken. The integrated nucleic acid detection device compatible with multiple sample types according to claim 4, wherein, The cross section of the flow blocking channel (42) is circular with a diameter of 0.5mm to 1mm. The integrated nucleic acid detection device compatible with multiple sample types according to claim 2, wherein, The nucleic acid extraction chamber (2), the first buffer chamber (3), the nucleic acid amplification chamber (4), and the second buffer chamber (5) are collectively referred to as chambers, and each chamber has an outer threaded section (D) on the outer side wall of the bottom end, and the length of the outer threaded section (D) is equivalent to the length of the corresponding inner threaded section (A1). The integrated nucleic acid detection device compatible with multiple sample types according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein, The second test paper chamber (62) includes two sub-bodies that are relatively buckled together, and recesses are respectively formed on the opposite surfaces of the two sub-bodies, and the two recesses are buckled to form the test paper storage groove (622), and the opposite surfaces are the surfaces of the sub-bodies that face each other. The integrated nucleic acid detection device compatible with multiple sample types according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein, The top end of the second test paper chamber (62) is provided with a containing groove (621) for accommodating the bottom end of the first test paper chamber (61), and the top end of the test paper storage groove (622) is communicated with the containing groove (621), and the side wall of the containing groove (621) is provided with a sliding block (6211) / sliding groove, and the outer side wall of the first test paper chamber (61) is correspondingly provided with a sliding groove (6111) / sliding block, and the sliding block (6211) and the sliding groove (6111) are in sliding fit. A nucleic acid detection method based on the integrated nucleic acid detection device compatible with multiple sample types according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: The sample is added into the sample chamber through the corresponding sample inlet, and the corresponding sample inlet is sealed, the sample enters the nucleic acid extraction chamber (2) along the sample chamber, and the lysis product is obtained after reaction; The nucleic acid extraction chamber (2) is twisted towards the first buffer chamber (3), the sealing film (C) at the bottom of the nucleic acid extraction chamber (2) is pierced, so that the lysis product enters the first buffer chamber (3) and mixes with the buffer solution; The first buffer chamber (3) is twisted towards the nucleic acid amplification chamber (4), the sealing film (C) at the bottom of the first buffer chamber (3) is pierced, so that the lysis product and the buffer solution enter the nucleic acid amplification chamber (4), and the amplification product is obtained after reaction; The nucleic acid amplification chamber (4) is twisted towards the second buffer chamber (5), the sealing film (C) at the bottom of the nucleic acid amplification chamber (4) is pierced, and the nucleic acid detection device is shaken, so that the amplification product enters the second buffer chamber (5) and the detection liquid is obtained after dilution; The nucleic acid detection device is inverted; The first test paper chamber (61) is twisted towards the second buffer chamber (5), and the sealing film (C) at the bottom of the second buffer chamber (5) is pierced; The second test paper chamber (62) is pushed towards the first test paper chamber (61), so that the sample end of the test paper contacts the detection liquid; After a predetermined time, the detection result is output from the detection result output window (623). The method comprises the following steps: The sample is added into the sample chamber through the corresponding sample inlet, and the corresponding sample inlet is sealed, the sample enters the nucleic acid extraction chamber (2) along the sample chamber, and the lysis product is obtained after reaction; The nucleic acid extraction chamber (2) is twisted towards the first buffer chamber (3), the sealing film (C) at the bottom of the nucleic acid extraction chamber (2) is pierced, so that the lysis product enters the first buffer chamber (3) and mixes with the buffer solution; The first buffer chamber (3) is twisted towards the nucleic acid amplification chamber (4), the sealing film (C) at the bottom of the first buffer chamber (3) is pierced, so that the lysis product and the buffer solution enter the nucleic acid amplification chamber (4), and the amplification product is obtained after reaction; The nucleic acid amplification chamber (4) is twisted towards the second buffer chamber (5), the sealing film (C) at the bottom of the nucleic acid amplification chamber (4) is pierced, and the nucleic acid detection device is shaken, so that the amplification product enters the second buffer chamber (5) and the detection liquid is obtained after dilution; The nucleic acid detection device is inverted; The first test paper chamber (61) is twisted towards the second buffer chamber (5), and the sealing film (C) at the bottom of the second buffer chamber (5) is pierced; The second test paper chamber (62) is pushed towards the first test paper chamber (61), so that the sample end of the test paper contacts the detection liquid; After a predetermined time, the detection result is output from the detection result output window (623).

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