Devices and methods of communication
By configuring and managing AI/ML-related measurements and preferences at network and terminal devices, the solution enhances data collection and model delivery, addressing limitations in existing wireless communication systems.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-26
AI Technical Summary
Existing implementations of AI/ML in wireless communications are limited and lack efficient methods for data collection, model delivery, and preference management, hindering enhanced performance and reduced complexity.
A network device configures and transmits AI/ML-related measurements to terminal devices, and terminal devices perform and log these measurements, while also transmitting preferences and models, enhancing data collection and model delivery processes.
Facilitates efficient AI/ML data collection, model delivery, and preference management, improving performance and reducing complexity in wireless communications.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024119796_26032026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS OF COMMUNICATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication, and in particular, to devices and methods of communication for artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) data collection.BACKGROUND
[0002] Application of AI / ML to wireless communications has been far limited to implementation-based approaches, both, at network (NW) and user equipment (UE) sides. Benefits of an air-interface with features enabling improved support of AI / ML based algorithms include enhanced performance and / or reduced complexity / overhead. Enhanced performance depends on use cases under consideration and includes, e.g., improved throughput, robustness, accuracy or reliability, etc.
[0003] A life cycle management (LCM) of AI / ML model / functionality may include data collection, model training, functionality / model identification, model delivery / transfer, model inference operation, functionality / model selection, activation, deactivation, switching, and fallback operation, functionality / model monitoring, model update, etc.SUMMARY
[0004] In general, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods, devices and computer storage media of communication for data collection of AI / ML.
[0005] In a first aspect, there is provided a first network device. The first network device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the first network device to: receive, from a second network device, a minimization of drive test (MDT) configuration comprising a first configuration related to AI or ML; determine a configuration of a measurement for at least one terminal device based on the first configuration, the configuration of the measurement comprising a second configuration related to AI or ML; and transmit the configuration of the measurement to the at least one terminal device.
[0006] In a second aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the terminal device to: receive, from a first network device, a configuration of a measurement for the terminal device comprising a second configuration related to AI or ML, wherein the second configuration comprises a set of parameters for the measurement, and the set of parameters comprises at least one of the following: a configuration of whether a second set of conditions associated with the terminal device is included, the second set of conditions associated with the terminal device, or a threshold of a result of the measurement; perform the measurement based on the configuration of the measurement; log a result of the measurement; and transmit a logged result of the measurement to the first network device.
[0007] In a third aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the terminal device to: transmit, to a network device, information of a set of preferences related to a measurement for data collection of AI or ML.
[0008] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a first communication device. The first communication device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the first communication device to: receive, from a second communication device, a model and information associated with the model, the information comprising a first set of conditions associated with a network device and a second set of conditions associated with a terminal device.
[0009] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: receiving, at a first network device and from a second network device, a MDT configuration comprising a first configuration related to AI or ML; determining a configuration of a measurement for at least one terminal device based on the first configuration, the configuration of the measurement comprising a second configuration related to AI or ML; and transmitting the configuration of the measurement to the at least one terminal device.
[0010] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: receiving, at a terminal device and from a first network device, a configuration of a measurement for the terminal device comprising a second configuration related to AI or ML, wherein the second configuration comprises a set of parameters for the measurement, and the set of parameters comprises at least one of the following: a configuration of whether a second set of conditions associated with the terminal device is included, the second set of conditions associated with the terminal device, or a threshold of a result of the measurement; performing the measurement based on the configuration of the measurement; log a result of the measurement; and transmitting a logged result of the measurement to the first network device.
[0011] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: transmitting, at a terminal device and to a network device, information of a set of preferences related to a measurement for data collection of AI or ML.
[0012] In an eighth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: receiving, at a first communication device and from a second communication device, a model and information associated with the model, the information comprising a first set of conditions associated with a network device and a second set of conditions associated with a terminal device.
[0013] In a ninth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon. The instructions, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method according to any of the fifth to eighth aspects of the present disclosure.
[0014] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Through the more detailed description of some embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0016] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication network in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0017] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process of communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process of communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process of communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of an example method of communication implemented at a first network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of an example method of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of another example method of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of an example method of communication implemented at a first communication device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0024] FIG. 9 is a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0025] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitations as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0027] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0028] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, Internet of things (IoT) devices, ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, device on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for integrated access and backhaul (IAB) , small data transmission (SDT) , mobility, multicast and broadcast services (MBS) , positioning, dynamic / flexible duplex in commercial networks, reduced capability (RedCap) , Space borne vehicles or air borne vehicles in non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and high altitude platforms (HAPs) encompassing unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) , extended reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) and virtual reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple subscriber identity module (SIM) as known as multi-SIM. The term ‘terminal device’ can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0029] The term “network device” may refer to a core network device or a management network device or an access network device. The term “core network device” refers to any device or entity that provides access and mobility management function (AMF) , network exposure function (NEF) , authentication server function (AUSF) , unified data management (UDM) , session management function (SMF) , user plane function (UPF) , a location management function (LMF) , etc. In other embodiments, the core network device may be any other suitable device or entity providing any other suitable functionalities.
[0030] As used herein, the term “management network device” refers to operation and maintenance (OAM) or trace collection entity (TCE) or any other suitable management systems or entities.
[0031] As used herein, the term “access network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of an access network device include, but not limited to, a satellite, a unmanned aerial systems (UAS) platform, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.
[0032] The terminal device or the network device may have AI or ML capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0033] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g. FR1 (410 MHz to 7125 MHz) , FR2 (24.25GHz to 71GHz) , frequency band larger than 100GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connections with the network devices under MR-DC application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0034] The network device may have the function of network energy saving, self-organizing networks (SON) / MDT. The terminal may have the function of power saving.
[0035] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g. signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator.
[0036] In one embodiment, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different RATs. In one embodiment, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In one embodiment, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In one embodiment, information A may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and information B may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In one embodiment, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0037] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. The term ‘and / or’ indicates that there may be three relationships. For example, A and / or B may indicate cases includes ‘only A’ , ‘both A and B’ , and ‘only B’ . The term ‘at least one of the following items’ or a similar expression thereof refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item or a plurality of items. For example, ‘at least one of A, B, or C’ may represent A, B, C, ‘A and B’ , ‘A and C’ , ‘B and C’ , or ‘A, B and C’ . A / B may refer to A or B. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0038] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0039] In the context of the present disclosure, the term ‘AI / ML-enabled feature’ may refer to a feature where AI / ML may be used. The term ‘AI / ML model’ may refer to a data driven algorithm that applies AI / ML techniques to generate a set of outputs based on a set of inputs. The term ‘AI / ML model inference’ may refer to a process of using a trained AI / ML model to produce a set of outputs based on a set of inputs. The term ‘AI / ML training’ may refer to a process to train an AI / ML model (e.g., by learning an input / output relationship) in a data driven manner and obtain the trained AI / ML model for inference. The term ‘AI / ML data collection’ or ‘data collection of AI / ML’ may refer to a process of collecting data by a network node, management entity, or UE for the purpose of AI / ML model training, monitoring, data analytics and inference.
[0040] In the context of the present disclosure, the term ‘supported functionalities’ may refer to functionalities that UE can indicate by using UE capability information (e.g., via a RRC signaling or a long term evolution (LTE) positioning protocol (LPP) signaling) . The term ‘applicable functionalities’ may refer to functionalities that UE is ready to apply for inference. The term ‘activated functionalities’ may refer to functionalities already enabled for performing inference.
[0041] In the context of the present disclosure, the term ‘measurement for AI / ML model training’ may be interchangeably used with ‘logged layer 1 (L1) measurement’ or ‘logged measurement’ . The term ‘operation and maintenance (OAM) ’ may be interchangeably used with ‘TCE or management system / entity’ . The term ‘data collection’ may be interchangeably used with ‘measurement’ or ‘MDT’ . The term ‘functionality’ may be interchangeably used with ‘AI / ML functionality’ . The term ‘model’ may be interchangeably used with ‘AI / ML model’ . The term ‘logged immediate MDT’ may be interchangeably used with ‘measurement for AI / ML data collection’ . The term “beam” may be interchangeably used with “reference signal” .
[0042] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of communication so as to enhance AI / ML data collection. In one aspect, a first network device may receive, from a second network device, a MDT configuration comprising a first configuration related to AI or ML. Based on the first configuration, the first network device may determine a configuration of a measurement for at least one terminal device and transmit the configuration of the measurement to the at least one terminal device. The configuration of the measurement may comprise a second configuration related to AI or ML. In this way, immediate MDT for AI / ML data collection may be facilitated.
[0043] In another aspect, a terminal device may receive, from a first network device, a configuration of a measurement for the terminal device comprising a second configuration related to AI or ML. The second configuration may comprise a set of parameters for the measurement, and the set of parameters comprises at least one of the following: a configuration of whether a second set of conditions associated with the terminal device is included, the second set of conditions associated with the terminal device, or a threshold of a result of the measurement. The terminal device may perform the measurement based on the configuration of the measurement, log a result of the measurement, and transmit a logged result of the measurement to the first network device. In this way, logged immediate MDT for AI / ML data collection may be achieved.
[0044] In another aspect, a terminal device may transmit, to a network device, information of a set of preferences related to a measurement for data collection of AI or ML. In this way, UE preference for AI / ML data collection may be considered.
[0045] In another aspect, a first communication device may receive a model and information associated with the model from a second communication device. The information may comprise a first set of conditions associated with a network device and a second set of conditions associated with a terminal device. In this way, model delivery may be enhanced.
[0046] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0047] EXAMPLE OF COMMUNICATION NETWORK
[0048] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication network 100A in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in FIG. 1, the communication network 100 may include a terminal device 110 and an access network device 120. In some embodiments, the access network device 120 may provide one or more serving cells (not shown) to serve the terminal device 110.
[0049] As shown in FIG. 1, the communication network 100 may further include a core network device (e.g., AMF) or management network device (e.g., OAM) 130. In some embodiments, the access network device 120 and the core or management network device 130 may communicate with each other. The terminal device 110 may communicate with the core or management network device 130 via the access network device 120.
[0050] The terminal device 110 may communicate with the access network device 120 via a Uu interface. The access network device 120 may communicate with the core or management network device 130 via a Ng interface.
[0051] The communications in the communication network 100 may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, global system for mobile communications (GSM) , LTE, LTE-evolution, LTE-advanced (LTE-A) , new radio (NR) , wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) , code division multiple access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE radio access network (GERAN) , machine type communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0052] It is to be understood that the number of devices in FIG. 1 is given for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations to the present disclosure. The communication network 100 may include any suitable number of access network devices and / or terminal devices and / or core network devices and / or management network devices adapted for implementing implementations of the present disclosure.
[0053] In some embodiments, an AI / ML model / functionality may be deployed at the terminal device 110. In some embodiments, an AI / ML model / functionality may be deployed at the access network device 120 or the core or management network device 130.
[0054] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of communication for AI / ML data collection so as to enhance an application of AI / ML in wireless communications. For illustration, the solutions will be detailed below with reference to FIGs. 2 to 5.
[0055] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF IMMEDIATE MDT FOR AI / ML DATA COLLECTION
[0056] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution of immediate MDT for AI / ML data collection. This solution will be described in connection with FIG. 2 below.
[0057] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process 200 of communication in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 200 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The process 200 may involve the terminal device 110, the access network device 120 and the core or management network device 130 as illustrated in FIG. 1, and a third network device 201 and a fourth network device 202. The third network device 201 may be an access network device or a core network device or a management network device. The fourth network device 202 may be an access network device. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. For example, the order of the steps may be changed. Some of the steps may be omitted or any other suitable additional steps may be added.
[0058] As shown in FIG. 2, at step 210, the access network device 120 (also referred to as a first network device herein) may receive a MDT configuration from the core or management network device 130 (also referred to as a second network device herein) . In some embodiments, a MDT associated with the MDT configuration may be a signaling based MDT, or a management based MDT.
[0059] In some embodiments, the MDT configuration may comprise a configuration (also referred to as a first configuration or a first AI / ML related configuration herein) related to AI or ML. In some embodiments, the MDT configuration may include an immediate MDT configuration, and the first configuration may be included in the immediate MDT configuration. In some embodiments, the first configuration may be included in the MDT configuration included in an initial context setup request message or a trace start message.
[0060] In some embodiments, the first configuration may comprise information indicating that the MDT configuration is for data collection of AI or ML. In some embodiments, the information may further indicate a purpose of the data collection for AI / ML, for example, AI / ML model training, AI / ML model monitoring, or model inference.
[0061] In some embodiments, the first configuration may comprise at least one functionality for AI or ML. In some embodiments, the first configuration may comprise at least one feature or feature group for AI or ML.
[0062] In some embodiments, the first configuration may comprise an area scope (also referred to as an AI / ML related area scope herein) associated with AI or ML. In some embodiments, the area scope may comprise at least one feature or feature group or functionality for AI or ML. In other words, the AI / ML related area scope may comprise at least one AI / ML enabled feature or feature group or at least one AI / ML functionality. In some embodiments, the at least one AI / ML functionality may be an applicable or activated AI / ML functionality. In some embodiments, the AI / ML related area scope may comprise a list of cells, or a list of associated IDs. In some embodiments, the AI / ML related area scope may comprise information of a set of conditions associated with a terminal device (also referred to as a second set of conditions or UE side additional conditions herein) . In some embodiments, the UE side additional conditions may comprise a speed, a speed level, or a mobility state of the terminal device. In some embodiments, the UE side additional conditions may comprise a location of the terminal device, e.g., whether the terminal device is located at a center or edge of a serving cell.
[0063] In some embodiments, the first configuration may comprise a set of parameters for the measurement. In some embodiments, the set of parameters may comprise information of a cell or frequency, e.g., an ID of at least one cell or frequency of which the measurement to be performed and reported. In some embodiments, the set of parameters may comprise a logging interval, i.e., an interval or periodicity of logging of the measurement for immediate MDT.
[0064] In some embodiments, the set of parameters may comprise information of at least one list of reference signals for which the measurement is to be performed or reported. For example, the information of the at least one list of reference signals may comprise an ID or bitmap of the at least one list of reference signals. In some embodiments, the reference signal may be a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) or channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) .
[0065] In some embodiments, the set of parameters may comprise a configuration of whether the set of conditions associated with the terminal device 110 (i.e., UE side additional conditions) is included. In some embodiments, the configuration may further comprise at least one of the following: a type of the UE side additional conditions (for example, type, or location) , or a parameter for determining the UE side additional conditions.
[0066] In some embodiments, the set of parameters may comprise the UE side additional conditions. In some embodiments, the set of parameters may comprise a threshold for a measurement result. In some embodiments, the measurement result may be a reference signal received power (RSRP) value, reference signal received quality (RSRQ) value or signal to inference plus noise ratio (SINR) value. It is to be noted that the set of parameters may comprise any other suitable combinations of the above parameters.
[0067] In some embodiments, the first configuration may comprise information (for convenience, also referred to as first information herein) of a set of conditions associated with the access network device 120 (also referred to as a first set of conditions or NW side additional conditions herein) . In some embodiments, the information of the NW side additional conditions may include an ID which identifies the NW side additional conditions, or a reference signal configuration. In some embodiments, the information of the NW side additional conditions may also include area information associated with the same NW side additional conditions. In some embodiments, the area information may comprise a list of cell IDs.
[0068] In some embodiments, the first configuration may comprise at least one of information of the third network device 201 or information of a time for reporting a measurement result to the third network device 201. In some embodiments, the third network device 201 may be any network device or entity or server different from TCE. Alternatively, the third network device may be TCE. For example, the third network device 201 may be the core or management network device 130. In some embodiments, the third network device 201 may be an access network device (i.e., a further access network device) other than the first network device 120. In some embodiments, the third network device 201 may be a core or management network device (i.e., a further core or management network device) other than the core or management network device 130.
[0069] In some embodiments, the information of the time may comprise an indication that the access network device 120 reports the measurement result to the third network device immediately. In some embodiments, the indication may be information indicating that the MDT configuration is for the purpose of AI / ML monitoring.
[0070] In some embodiments, the information of the time may indicate a time and a criterion that the access network device 120 reports the measurement result to the third network device. In some embodiments, the information of the time may comprise a time by which the access network device 120 reports the measurement result to the third network device. In some embodiments, the criterion may indicate a periodic-based or on-demand based transmission.
[0071] It is to be noted that the first configuration may comprise any suitable combinations of the above information.
[0072] Continuing to refer to FIG. 2, at step 220, the access network device 120 may determine a configuration (also referred to as a measurement configuration herein) of a measurement for at least one terminal device (e.g., the terminal device 110) based on the first configuration. In other words, the access network device 120 may select the at least one terminal device and configure the measurement for the at least one terminal device based on the first configuration.
[0073] In some embodiments, the measurement configuration may comprise a configuration (also referred to as a second configuration or a second AI / ML related configuration herein) related to AI or ML. In some embodiments, the second configuration may comprise the set of parameters for the measurement included in the first configuration. In some embodiments, the set of parameters may comprise at least one of the following: the information of the cell or frequency for which the measurement is to be performed; the information of the at least one list of reference signals for which the measurement is to be performed; the interval of the logging for the measurement; the configuration of whether the second set of conditions associated with the terminal device 110 is included; the second set of conditions associated with the terminal device 110; or the threshold for the measurement result.
[0074] In some embodiments, configuring the measurement for the at least one terminal device may comprise: transmitting, to the at least one terminal device, RRC reconfiguration including the measurement configuration, which comprises the second AI / ML related configuration. In some embodiments, the measurement configuration may be an IE ‘MeasConfig’ or ‘csi-MeasConfig’ .
[0075] In some embodiments, the selection of the at least one terminal device may depend on whether the at least one terminal device supports MDT for data collection of AI / ML. In other words, if the at least one terminal device’s capability reported to NW indicating that the at least one terminal device supports MDT for data collection of AI / ML, the access network device 120 may select the at least one terminal device, and configure the measurement for the at least one terminal device. In some embodiments, if a terminal device does not support data collection for AI / ML, the terminal device may not be selected.
[0076] In some embodiments where the purpose of the data collection for AI / ML is indicated in the MDT configuration, the access network device 120 may select the at least one terminal device by determining that the at least one terminal device supports the purpose of the data collection.
[0077] In some embodiments where the first configuration comprises at least one functionality for AI or ML, the access network device 120 may select the at least one terminal device and configure the measurement for the at least one terminal device if the at least one functionality is supported or applicable or activated for the at least one terminal device.
[0078] In some embodiments where the first configuration comprises at least one feature or feature group for AI or ML, the access network device 120 may select the at least one terminal device and configure the measurement for the at least one terminal device if the at least one AI / ML enabled feature or feature group is supported for the at least one terminal device.
[0079] In some embodiments where the first configuration comprises the AI / ML related area scope, the access network device 120 may select the at least one terminal device by determining that the at least one terminal device is within the AI / ML related area scope. In some embodiments, the access network device 120 may use the AI / ML related area scope to filter a measurement report received from the at least one terminal device, and transmit the filtered measurement report to the core or management network device 130.
[0080] In some embodiments where the first configuration comprises the UE side additional conditions, the access network device 120 may only select and configure the measurement for the at least one terminal device if the UE side additional conditions of the at least one terminal device are aligned with the UE side additional conditions in the first configuration.
[0081] As shown in FIG. 2, at step 230, the access network device 120 may transmit the measurement configuration to the at least one terminal device (e.g., the terminal device 110) .
[0082] In some embodiments, the core or management network device 130 may transmit, to the access network device 120, further information (for convenience, also referred to as second information herein) of NW side additional conditions. The further information of NW side additional conditions may also be referred to as information of a current NW side additional conditions. The access network device 120 may transmit an indication of whether to activate or start or resume a measurement or a logging for the measurement to the at least one terminal device based on at least one of the first information or the second information i.e., based on at least one of the information of the NW side additional conditions in the first configuration or the information of the current NW side additional conditions.
[0083] In some embodiments, if the information of the NW side additional conditions in the first configuration and the information of the current NW side additional conditions is the same or aligned, the access network device 120 may indicate the terminal device 110 to activate / start / resume the measurement or logging of a measurement result for AI / ML data collection. Otherwise, the access network device 120 may indicate the terminal device 110 to deactivate / stop / suspend the measurement or logging of a measurement result for AI / ML data collection. In some embodiments, the indication to the terminal device 110 may be sent by a RRC message, e.g., a RRC reconfiguration message.
[0084] At step 240, the terminal device 110 may perform the measurement based on the measurement configuration. In some embodiments, the measurement may be L1 measurement. In some embodiments, the measurement may be layer 3 (L3) measurement.
[0085] At step 250, the terminal device 110 may log a measurement result of the measurement. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may log the measurement result by storing the measurement results in a UE variable of the terminal device 110, or setting a value of an IE of the UE variable of the terminal device 110 as the measurement result. In some embodiments, the measurement result may comprise a reference signal measurement result. In some embodiments, the measurement result may comprise a cell measurement result. In some embodiments, the measurement result may comprise a L3 filtered beam measurement. In some embodiments, if the measurement result is better than or equal to the threshold for the measurement result, the terminal device 110 may log the measurement result.
[0086] In some embodiments, if the second configuration comprises the configuration of whether the second set of conditions is included, the terminal device 110 may log the second set of conditions, i.e., store or include or set the second set of conditions in the UE variable. In some embodiments, if the configuration further comprises the type of the UE side additional conditions, the terminal device 110 may log and report the UE side additional conditions, e.g., at least one of a speed or a location of the terminal device 110. In some embodiments, if the configuration further comprises one or more parameters used for the terminal device 110 to determine the UE-side additional conditions, the terminal device 110 may determine the second side of conditions based on the one or more parameters, and log and report the second side of conditions.
[0087] In some embodiments, if the terminal device 110 receives an indication of releasing the measurement configuration, the terminal device 110 may release the logged measurement result. In other words, if the terminal device 110 receives a configuration indicating a release of the measurement configuration for AI / ML data collection, the terminal device 110 may release the measurement result which is not reported to NW in the UE variable.
[0088] In some embodiments, the measurement is performed and the result of the measurement is logged for data collection of AI or ML without considering signal quality of a special cell (SpCell) . That is, an IE ‘S-measureConfig’ is not applicable for the measurement of AI / ML data collection. In other words, regardless of whether a NR SpCell reference signal received power (RSRP) value, after L3 filtering, is lower than a threshold value indicated in S-measureConfig or not, the terminal device 110 may always perform the measurement, derive the measurement result, log the measurement result and report the measurement result for AI / ML data collection.
[0089] As shown in FIG. 2, at step 260, the terminal device 110 may transmit a logged measurement result to the access network device 120. For example, the terminal device 110 may transmit a measurement report comprising the logged measurement result to the access network device 120.
[0090] As shown in FIG. 2, at step 270, upon reception of the measurement result, the access network device 120 may transmit the measurement result to the third network device. In some embodiments, the third network device may be OAM, TCE, management system or entity, or a new device or entity or server.
[0091] In some embodiments, the access network device 120 may transmit the measurement result to the third network device immediately. In some embodiments, the access network device 120 may transmit the measurement result to the third network device based on the information of the time in the first configuration (e.g., the time or criterion of reporting the measurement result) . In some embodiments where the criterion indicates a periodic based transmission, the access network device 120 may send the measurement result to the third network device periodically based on a periodicity included in the information of the time.
[0092] In some embodiments, the MDT measurements for AI / ML may be saved into a trace record, and sent to the third network device. In some embodiments, the trace record may be a different one from the MDT measurements not for AI / ML purpose. In some embodiments, the third network device may be TCE, and the TCE may forward the measurement result to a server for AI / ML model training, monitoring and updating.
[0093] Continuing to refer to FIG. 2, at step 280, upon reception of the first configuration, the access network device 120 may transmit, to the fourth network device 202, a message comprising the first configuration related to AI or ML. In this way, Xn interface enhancement for AI / ML data collection may be achieved.
[0094] In some embodiments, the access network device 120 may provide a source cell of the terminal device 110, and the fourth network device 202 may provide a target cell of the terminal device 110. In other words, a source gNB may transmit, to a target gNB, the message comprising the first configuration related to AI or ML. In some embodiments, the target gNB may activate or deactivate the immediate MDT in the terminal device 110 based on the first configuration. In some embodiments, the message may be in a handover request message, or a retrieve UE context response message. In some embodiments, the first configuration may be included in the MDT configuration of the massage.
[0095] In some embodiments, the access network device 120 may be a MN, and the fourth network device 202 may be a SN. In other words, the MN may transmit, to the SN, the message comprising the first configuration related to AI or ML. In some embodiments, the SN may activate or deactivate the immediate MDT in the terminal device 110 based on the first configuration. In some embodiments, the MDT configuration may be transmitted in a SN addition request message or a SN modification request message. In some embodiments, the first configuration may be included in the MDT configuration of the massage.
[0096] With the process 200, immediate MDT for AI / ML data collection may be enhanced. It is to be understood that operations or steps described in connection with FIG. 2 may be performed separately or in any suitable combinations.
[0097] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF PREFERENCE FOR AI / ML DATA COLLECTION
[0098] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution of delivering preference for AI / ML data collection. This solution will be described in connection with FIG. 3 below.
[0099] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process 300 of communication in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 300 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The process 300 may involve the terminal device 110 and the access network device 120 as illustrated in FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 3 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. For example, the order of the steps may be changed. Some of the steps may be omitted or any other suitable additional steps may be added. In this example, the terminal device 110 is served by the access network device 120.
[0100] As shown in FIG. 3, at step 310, the terminal device 110 may transmit, to the access network device 120, information of a set of preferences related to a measurement for data collection of AI or ML.
[0101] In some embodiments, as shown in step 311 of FIG. 3, the access network device 120 may transmit, to the terminal device 110, a configuration indicating the transmitting of the information of the set of preferences. In some embodiments, the access network device 120 may transmit a RRC reconfiguration message comprising the configuration indicating the transmitting of the information of the set of preferences.
[0102] At step 312, based on the configuration, the terminal device 110 may transmit the information of the set of preferences to the access network device 120. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may transmit a UE assistance information message comprising the information of the set of preferences. In some embodiments, the AI / ML data collection is for AI / ML model training.
[0103] In some embodiments, the set of preferences may comprise at least one of the following: a preference on stopping or suspending or deactivating the measurement; a preference on stopping or suspending or deactivating a logging of the measurement result; a preference on stopping or suspending or deactivating a reporting of the measurement result for the data collection; or a preference of stopping or suspending or deactivating a periodic reporting of the measurement result.
[0104] In some embodiments, if the terminal device 110 has the preference to stop or suspend or deactivate the measurement, stop or suspend or deactivate the logging of the measurement result, or stop or suspend or deactivate the reporting or periodic reporting for the measurement results AI / ML data collection, the terminal device 110 may transmit the preference information to indicate the terminal device 110’s preference to stop or suspend or deactivate the measurement, stop or suspend or deactivate the logging of the measurement result, or stop or suspend or deactivate the reporting or periodic reporting of the measurement result for AI / ML data collection.
[0105] In some embodiments, if the terminal device 110 no longer has the preference to stop or suspend or deactivate the measurement, stop or suspend or deactivate the logging of the measurement result, stop or suspend or deactivate the reporting or periodic reporting of measurement result for AI / ML data collection, the terminal device 110 may transmit, to the access network device 120, further preference information which indicating that the terminal device 110 no longer has the preference to stop or suspend or deactivate the measurement, stop or suspend or deactivate the logging of the measurement result, stop or suspend or deactivate the reporting or periodic reporting of the measurement result for AI / ML data collection, or the terminal device 110 may transmit another UE assistance information message to the access network device 120 without any preference information included.
[0106] In some embodiments, upon transmission of the preference information, the terminal device 110 may start a timer. The terminal device 110 may transmit the preference information when the timer is not running.
[0107] With the process 300, UE preference for data collection of AI / ML may be delivered. It is to be understood that operations or steps described in connection with FIG. 3 may be performed separately or in any suitable combinations.
[0108] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF MODEL DELIVERY
[0109] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution of AI / ML model delivery. This solution will be described in connection with FIG. 4 below.
[0110] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process 400 of communication in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 400 may involve a first communication device 401 and a second communication device 402.
[0111] As shown in FIG. 4, at step 410, the first communication device 401 may receive, from the second communication device 402, a model and information associated with the model. The information may comprise a first set of conditions associated with a network device (i.e., NW side additional conditions) and a second set of conditions associated with a terminal device (i.e., UE side additional conditions) .
[0112] In some embodiments, the first communication device may be an access network device (e.g., the access network device 120 in FIG. 1) , and the second communication device may be a core network device or a management network device (e.g., the core or management network device 130 in FIG. 1) . In this case, the core or management network device 130 (e.g., AMF or OAM) may transmit, to the access network device 120, one or more AI / ML models, together with information of associated NW side additional conditions and UE side additional conditions.
[0113] In some embodiments, the first communication device may be a terminal device (e.g., the terminal device 110) , and the second communication device is a core network device or an access network device or a management network device (e.g., the access network device 120 or the core or management network device 130) . In this case, the access network device 120 or the core or management network device 130 (e.g., AMF or OAM) may transmit, to the terminal device 110, one or more AI / ML models, together with information of associated NW side additional conditions and UE side additional conditions.
[0114] In some embodiments, the information of the NW side additional conditions may comprise at least one of the following: an ID which identifies the NW side additional conditions, or a reference signal configuration. In some embodiments, the information of UE side additional conditions may comprise at least one of the following: UE speed, mobility state, or UE location (e.g., cell center or cell edge) . In some embodiments, the information of UE side additional conditionals may comprise an ID which identities the UE side additional conditions.
[0115] With the process 400, AI / ML model delivery may be carried out. It is to be understood that operations or steps described in connection with FIG. 4 may be performed separately or in any suitable combinations.
[0116] It is also to be understood that solutions or processes or operations or steps described above may be performed separately or in any suitable combinations.
[0117] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF METHODS
[0118] Corresponding to the above processes, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods of communication implemented at a terminal device and a network device. These methods will be described below with reference to FIGs. 5 to 8.
[0119] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 500 of communication implemented at a first network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 500 may be performed at the access network device 120 as shown in FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 500 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0120] At block 510, a first network device (e.g., the access network device 120) may receive, from a second network device (e.g., the core or management network device 130) , a MDT configuration comprising a first configuration related to AI or ML.
[0121] At block 520, the first network device may determine a configuration of a measurement for at least one terminal device based on the first configuration. The configuration of the measurement may comprise a second configuration related to AI or ML.
[0122] At block 530, the first network device may transmit the configuration of the measurement to the at least one terminal device.
[0123] In some embodiments, the first configuration may comprise at least one of the following: information indicating that the MDT configuration is for data collection of AI or ML; at least one functionality for AI or ML; at least one feature or feature group for AI or ML; or an area scope associated with AI or ML. In some embodiments, the area scope may comprise at least one feature or feature group or functionality for AI or ML.
[0124] In some embodiments, the first configuration may comprise at least one of the following: a set of parameters for the measurement; or first information of a first set of conditions associated with the first network device. In some embodiments, the first network device is further caused to: receive, from the second network device, second information of the first set of conditions; and transmit, to the at least one terminal device based on at least one of the first information or the second information, an indication of whether to activate or start or resume the measurement or a logging for the measurement.
[0125] In some embodiments, the first configuration may comprise at least one of information of a third network device or information of a time for reporting to the third network device. In some embodiments, the first network device may transmit a result of the measurement to the third network device based on the information of the time. In some embodiments, the information of the time may indicate that the first network device reports the result of the measurement to the third network device immediately. In some embodiments, the information of the time may indicate the time and a criterion that the first network device reports the result of the measurement to the third network device.
[0126] In some embodiments, the second configuration may comprise the set of parameters for the measurement. In some embodiments, the set of parameters may comprise at least one of the following: information of a cell or frequency for which the measurement is to be performed; information of at least one list of reference signals for which the measurement is to be performed; an interval of a logging for the measurement; a configuration of whether a second set of conditions associated with a terminal device is included; the second set of conditions associated with the terminal device; or a threshold of a result of the measurement.
[0127] In some embodiments, the first network device may transmit, to a fourth network device, a message comprising the first configuration. In some embodiments, the first network device may be a MN, and the fourth network device is a SN. In some embodiments, the first network device may provide a source cell of the terminal device, and the fourth network device may provide a target cell of the terminal device.
[0128] In some embodiments, the first network device may be an access network device, the second network device may be a core network device or a management network device, and the third network device may be the second network device, a further access network device, a further core network device or a further management network device.
[0129] With the method 500, an immediate MDT for AI / ML data collection may be facilitated.
[0130] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 600 of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 600 may be performed at the terminal device 110 as shown in FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 600 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0131] At block 610, a terminal device (e.g., the terminal device 110) may receive, from a first network device (e.g., the access network device 120) , a configuration of a measurement for the terminal device comprising a second configuration related to AI or ML. The second configuration may comprise a set of parameters for the measurement. The set of parameters may comprise at least one of the following: a configuration of whether a second set of conditions associated with the terminal device is included, the second set of conditions associated with the terminal device, or a threshold of a result of the measurement.
[0132] In some embodiments, the set of parameters may further comprise at least one of the following: information of a cell or frequency for which the measurement is to be performed; information of at least one list of reference signals for which the measurement is to be performed; or an interval of the logging for the measurement.
[0133] At block 620, the terminal device may perform the measurement based on the configuration of the measurement.
[0134] At block 630, the terminal device may log a result of the measurement. In some embodiments, the terminal device may log the result of the measurement by: in accordance with a determination that the result of the measurement is better than or equal to a threshold, logging the result of the measurement.
[0135] In some embodiments, the terminal device may receive, from the first network device, an indication of whether to activate or start or resume the measurement or the logging for the measurement.
[0136] At block 640, the terminal device may transmit a logged result of the measurement to the first network device.
[0137] In some embodiments, the terminal device may store a second set of conditions associated with the terminal device. In some embodiments, the terminal device may store the second set of conditions by: in accordance with a determination that the second configuration comprises a configuration of whether the second set of conditions is included, storing the second set of conditions.
[0138] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the terminal device receives an indication of releasing the configuration of the measurement, the terminal device may release the logged result of the measurement.
[0139] In some embodiments, the measurement is performed and the result of the measurement is logged and reported for data collection of AI or ML without considering signal quality of a special cell.
[0140] With the method 600, an immediate MDT for AI / ML data collection may be carried out.
[0141] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of another example method 700 of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 700 may be performed at the terminal device 110 as shown in FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 700 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0142] At block 710, a terminal device (e.g., the terminal device 110) may transmit, to a network device (e.g., the access network device 120) , information of a set of preferences related to a measurement for data collection of AI or ML.
[0143] In some embodiments, the terminal device may transmit the information of the set of preferences by: receiving, from the network device, a configuration indicating the transmitting of the information of the set of preferences; and transmitting the information of the set of preferences based on the configuration.
[0144] In some embodiments, the set of preferences may comprise at least one of the following: a preference on stopping or suspending or deactivating the measurement; a preference on stopping or suspending or deactivating a logging of a result of the measurement; or a preference on stopping or suspending or deactivating a reporting of the result of the measurement for the data collection.
[0145] With the method 700, UE preference for AI / ML data collection may be delivered.
[0146] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 800 of communication implemented at a first communication device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 800 may be performed at the terminal device 110 or the access network device 120 as shown in FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 800 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0147] At block 810, a first communication device may receive, from a second communication device, a model and information associated with the model. The information may comprise a first set of conditions associated with a network device and a second set of conditions associated with a terminal device.
[0148] In some embodiments, the first communication device may be an access network device (e.g., the access network device 120) , and the second communication device is a core network device or a management network device (e.g., the core or management network device 130) .
[0149] In some embodiments, the first communication device may be a terminal device (e.g., the terminal device 110) , and the second communication device may be an access network device or a core network device or a management network device (e.g., the access network device 120 or the core or management network device 130) .
[0150] It is to be understood that operations of the methods 500 to 800 correspond to that described in connection with FIGs. 2 to 4, and thus other details are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0151] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF DEVICES
[0152] FIG. 9 is a simplified block diagram of a device 900 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 900 can be considered as a further example implementation of the terminal device 110 or the access network device 120 or the core or management network device 130 as shown in FIG. 1. Accordingly, the device 900 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the terminal device 110 or the access network device 120 or the core or management network device 130.
[0153] As shown, the device 900 includes a processor 910, a memory 920 coupled to the processor 910, a suitable transceiver 940 coupled to the processor 910, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 940. The memory 910 stores at least a part of a program 930. The transceiver 940 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 940 may include at least one of a transmitter 942 or a receiver 944. The transmitter 942 and the receiver 944 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 940 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an access node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a mobility management entity (MME) / access and mobility management function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0154] The program 930 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 910, enable the device 900 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGs. 1 to 8. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 910 of the device 900, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 910 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 910 and memory 920 may form processing means 950 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0155] The memory 920 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 920 is shown in the device 900, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 900. The processor 910 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 900 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0156] In some embodiments, a first network device comprises a circuitry configured to: receive, from a second network device, a MDT configuration comprising a first configuration related to AI or ML; determine a configuration of a measurement for at least one terminal device based on the first configuration, the configuration of the measurement comprising a second configuration related to AI or ML; and transmit the configuration of the measurement to the at least one terminal device.
[0157] In some embodiments, a terminal device comprises a circuitry configured to: receive, from a first network device, a configuration of a measurement for the terminal device comprising a second configuration related to AI or ML, wherein the second configuration comprises a set of parameters for the measurement, and the set of parameters comprises at least one of the following: a configuration of whether a second set of conditions associated with the terminal device is included, the second set of conditions associated with the terminal device, or a threshold of a result of the measurement; perform the measurement based on the configuration of the measurement; log a result of the measurement; and transmit a logged result of the measurement to the first network device.
[0158] In some embodiments, a terminal device comprises a circuitry configured to: transmit, to a network device, information of a set of preferences related to a measurement for data collection of AI or ML.
[0159] In some embodiments, a first communication device comprises a circuitry configured to: receive, from a second communication device, a model and information associated with the model, the information comprising a first set of conditions associated with a network device and a second set of conditions associated with a terminal device.
[0160] The term ‘circuitry’ used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0161] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0162] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGs. 1 to 8. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0163] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0164] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0165] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0166] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first network device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the first network device to:receive, from a second network device, a minimization of drive test (MDT) configuration comprising a first configuration related to artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) ;determine a configuration of a measurement for at least one terminal device based on the first configuration, the configuration of the measurement comprising a second configuration related to AI or ML; andtransmit the configuration of the measurement to the at least one terminal device.2.The first network device of claim 1, wherein the first configuration comprises at least one of the following:information indicating that the MDT configuration is for data collection of AI or ML;at least one functionality for AI or ML;at least one feature or feature group for AI or ML; oran area scope associated with AI or ML.3.The first network device of claim 2, wherein the area scope comprises at least one feature or feature group or functionality for AI or ML.4.The first network device of claim 1, wherein the first configuration comprises at least one of the following:a set of parameters for the measurement; orfirst information of a first set of conditions associated with the first network device.5.The first network device of claim 4, wherein the first network device is further caused to:receive, from the second network device, second information of the first set of conditions; andtransmit, to the at least one terminal device based on at least one of the first information or the second information, an indication of whether to activate or start or resume the measurement or a logging for the measurement.6.The first network device of claim 1, wherein the first configuration comprises at least one of information of a third network device or information of a time for reporting to the third network device, and wherein the first network device is further caused to:transmit a result of the measurement to the third network device based on the information of the time.7.The first network device of claim 6, wherein the information of the time indicates that the first network device reports the result of the measurement to the third network device immediately.8.The first network device of claim 6, wherein the information of the time indicates the time and a criterion that the first network device reports the result of the measurement to the third network device.9.The first network device of claim 1, wherein the second configuration comprises a set of parameters for the measurement.10.The first network device of claim 4 or 9, wherein the set of parameters comprises at least one of the following:information of a cell or frequency for which the measurement is to be performed;information of at least one list of reference signals for which the measurement is to be performed;an interval of a logging for the measurement;a configuration of whether a second set of conditions associated with a terminal device is included;the second set of conditions associated with the terminal device; ora threshold of a result of the measurement.11.The first network device of claim 1, wherein the first network device is further caused to:transmit, to a fourth network device, a message comprising the first configuration.12.The first network device of claim 11, wherein the first network device is a master node (MN) , and the fourth network device is a secondary node (SN) .13.The first network device of claim 11, wherein the first network device provides a source cell of the terminal device, and the fourth network device provides a target cell of the terminal device.14.The first network device of claim 6, wherein the first network device is an access network device, the second network device is a core network device or a management network device, and the third network device is the second network device, a further access network device, a further core network device or a further management network device.15.A terminal device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:receive, from a first network device, a configuration of a measurement for the terminal device comprising a second configuration related to artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) , wherein the second configuration comprises a set of parameters for the measurement, and the set of parameters comprises at least one of the following:a configuration of whether a second set of conditions associated with the terminal device is included,the second set of conditions associated with the terminal device, ora threshold of a result of the measurement;perform the measurement based on the configuration of the measurement;log a result of the measurement; andtransmit a logged result of the measurement to the first network device.16.The terminal device of claim 15, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:receive, from the first network device, an indication of whether to activate or start or resume the measurement or the logging for the measurement.17.The terminal device of claim 15, wherein the set of parameters further comprises at least one of the following:information of a cell or frequency for which the measurement is to be performed;information of at least one list of reference signals for which the measurement is to be performed; oran interval of the logging for the measurement.18.The terminal device of claim 15, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:store a second set of conditions associated with the terminal device.19.The terminal device of claim 18, wherein the terminal device is caused to store the second set of conditions by:in accordance with a determination that the second configuration comprises a configuration of whether the second set of conditions is included, storing the second set of conditions.20.The terminal device of claim 15, wherein the terminal device is caused to log the result of the measurement by:in accordance with a determination that the result of the measurement is better than or equal to a threshold, logging the result of the measurement.21.The terminal device of claim 15, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that the terminal device receives an indication of releasing the configuration of the measurement, release the logged result of the measurement.22.The terminal device of claim 15, wherein the measurement is performed and the result of the measurement is logged and reported for data collection of AI or ML without considering signal quality of a special cell.23.A terminal device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:transmit, to a network device, information of a set of preferences related to a measurement for data collection of artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) .24.The terminal device of claim 23, wherein the terminal device is caused to transmit the information of the set of preferences by:receiving, from the network device, a configuration indicating the transmitting of the information of the set of preferences; andtransmitting the information of the set of preferences based on the configuration.25.The terminal device of claim 23, wherein the set of preferences comprises at least one of the following:a preference on stopping or suspending or deactivating the measurement;a preference on stopping or suspending or deactivating a logging of a result of the measurement; ora preference on stopping or suspending or deactivating a reporting of the result of the measurement for the data collection.26.A first communication device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the first communication device to:receive, from a second communication device, a model and information associated with the model, the information comprising a first set of conditions associated with a network device and a second set of conditions associated with a terminal device.27.The first communication device of claim 26, wherein the first communication device is an access network device, and the second communication device is a core network device or a management network device.28.The first communication device of claim 26, wherein the first communication device is a terminal device, and the second communication device is a core network device or an access network device or a management network device.29.A method of communication, comprising:receiving, at a first network device and from a second network device, a minimization of drive test (MDT) configuration comprising a first configuration related to artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) ;determining a configuration of a measurement for at least one terminal device based on the first configuration, the configuration of the measurement comprising a second configuration related to AI or ML; andtransmitting the configuration of the measurement to the at least one terminal device.30.A method of communication, comprising:receiving, at a terminal device and from a first network device, a configuration of a measurement for the terminal device comprising a second configuration related to artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) , wherein the second configuration comprises a set of parameters for the measurement, and the set of parameters comprises at least one of the following:a configuration of whether a second set of conditions associated with the terminal device is included,the second set of conditions associated with the terminal device, ora threshold of a result of the measurement;performing the measurement based on the configuration of the measurement;logging a result of the measurement; andtransmitting a logged result of the measurement to the first network device.31.A method of communication, comprising:transmitting, at a terminal device and to a network device, information of a set of preferences related to a measurement for data collection of artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) .32.A method of communication, comprising:receiving, at a first communication device and from a second communication device, a model and information associated with the model, the information comprising a first set of conditions associated with a network device and a second set of conditions associated with a terminal device.
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