Therapeutic cells

Abstract

The present invention is directed to a method for producing granulocytes and / or precursors thereof for therapeutic use, the method comprising culturing progenitor cells in a cell culture medium comprising: (a) an inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase; (b) granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF); and (c) interleukin-3 (IL-3). Also provided are a granulocyte and / or precursor thereof, population of cells, composition, kit, and therapeutic uses thereof.

Description

[0001] THERAPEUTIC CELLS FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to therapeutic cells, methods for the production of the same, and / or therapeutic uses of such cells (e.g. in treating cancer). BACKGROUND Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with cancer incidence increasing annually in developed countries. The World Health Organisation stated that in 2012 alone there were approximately 14 million new cancer cases (and 8.2 million associated deaths), with a projected rise to 22 million cases over the next two decades. Current therapeutic strategies include combinations of surgery, radiation, and cytotoxic chemotherapy, however many of these treatments are ultimately ineffective and associated with harmful side-effects. Host therapeutic immune responses often involve several types of immune cell and play a vital role in the body’s fight against cancer, infections and virtually all other diseases. However, a subject’s native therapeutic immune response is not always enough to eradicate disease. For example, tumours may be adapted to be immunologically “cold” and may create an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME) that can render native anti-tumour therapeutic immune responses ineffective. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T cell) therapy has met with some success. However, CAR-T cell therapy has been shown to have limited efficacy in the treatment of solid tumours. Thus, there is a need for cell therapies that treat solid tumours, such as in lung cancer. For optimal tumour eradication (e.g. in cancer), it is advantageous if a variety of different types of immune cells work together. However, in some cases, a subject’s own immune cells may be defective meaning there is a need for a variety of different types of immune cells from an alternative source. There are currently difficulties in manufacturing such cell combinations. Additionally or alternatively, such conventional cell combinations may have adverse immunogenic effects. It would be advantageous to have a cell therapy capable of promoting proliferation and / or activation of other immune cells present in a subject, thereby reversing the defective nature of a subject’s immune cells. Conventional Leukocyte Infusion Therapy (LIFT) is carried out using apheresis for direct transfer of granulocytes taken from the donor to the cancer patient. Conventional approaches currently used in the clinic are not practical or scalable for use as a credible cancer therapeutic. First, granulocytes such as neutrophils have a very limited shelf-life (typically less than 24 hours) making them difficult to store. Secondly, apheresis requires approximately 5 (very rare) donors in order to acquire the required cell number. Thirdly, to avoid an allogeneic immune response from repeat exposure, the same donors cannot be used in a subsequent administration, thus requiring an increased pool of appropriate donors. Fourthly, it cannot be realistically expected that donors will be available on request, or willing to provide an endless source of granulocytes for the LIFT procedure. Thus, there exists a problem associated with the economic viability and scalability of conventional LIFT therapies. The present invention provides a solution to at least one of the problems described above. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present inventors have surprisingly found that culturing progenitor cells (e.g. derived from induced pluripotent stem cells [iPSCs]) in a cell culture medium comprising: an inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase; granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF); and interleukin-3 (IL-3) is associated with one or more unexpected advantages. In particular, high yields and / or purity of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof may be obtained. Additionally or alternatively, when compared to alternative methods, the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof may express increased amounts of cell surface markers as well as morphological features and / or functional characteristics of in vivo (e.g. human) granulocytes and / or precursors thereof. Additionally or alternatively, the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof may be particularly therapeutically effective, e.g. in treating cancer and / or an infection. Additionally or alternatively, the methods of the invention may allow highly reproducible results from batch to batch independent of the presence of serum supplements. The present invention may provide an economically-viable, scalable, safe and / or reliable therapy. For example, an iPSC and / or progenitor cells derived therefrom may be stored and / or differentiated indefinitely into therapeutically effective granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) and / or precursors thereof according to the invention. Advantageously, the methods of the invention may allow for propagation of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof for 39 days or more. In other words, the cells of the present invention may demonstrate suitability for long- term culture. Alternatively or additionally, the methods of the invention may be particularly suited for continuous production of granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) and / or precursors thereof. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof may also be able to promote proliferation and / or activation of other immune cells of a subject (e.g. CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and / or natural killer [NK] cells). This may advantageously reverse (at least partially) the defective nature of a subject’s immune cells, e.g. improving therapeutic outcomes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION In one aspect, the invention provides a method for producing granulocytes and / or precursors thereof for therapeutic use, the method comprising culturing progenitor cells in a cell culture medium comprising: (a) an inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase; (b) granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF); and (c) interleukin-3 (IL-3). The method preferably produces at least granulocyte precursors. A method of the invention (except for a method of treatment described herein) is preferably an in vitro method. Thus, a granulocyte and / or precursor thereof is preferably a granulocyte and / or precursor thereof that has been differentiated (e.g. as described herein) in vitro. The components of the cell culture medium may be obtained from a commercial supplier. The term “granulocyte” as used herein may refer to a class of white blood cells characterized by the presence of one or more granules in their cytoplasm. A granulocyte may be a neutrophil, eosinophil, or basophils. Preferably, the granulocyte is a neutrophil. The term “granulocyte precursor” (e.g. as used in the context of “granulocyte and / or precursor thereof”) refers to a cell that is capable of differentiating into a granulocyte. A granulocyte precursor may be any granulocyte precursor downstream from a haematopoietic stem cell (HSC). A granulocyte precursor may be any cell less differentiated than a neutrophil (e.g. a terminally differentiated neutrophil). A granulocyte precursor may be a common myeloid progenitor cell, a granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell, a myeloblast, a promyelocyte, a myelocyte, a metamyelocyte, a band cell, or any intermediate cell thereof or a cell equivalent thereto. Preferably, a granulocyte precursor may be a promyelocyte, a myelocyte, or an intermediate thereof, more preferably an intermediate thereof. An intermediate may exhibit one or more characteristics of the two types of cells described herein to which it is the intermediate. The granulocyte precursors may be a population of cells comprising a plurality of a single granulocyte precursor type, e.g. a population of cells comprising a plurality of myeloblasts or it may be a population of cells comprising a mixture of different granulocyte precursor types, e.g. a population of cells comprising a mixture of common myeloid progenitor cells, granulocyte monocyte progenitor cells, myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes, band cells, and / or any intermediate cells. More preferably, the granulocyte precursors may be a population of cells comprising a plurality of a single granulocyte precursor type, e.g. a population of cells comprising a plurality of myeloblasts or a population of promyelocytes or a population of myelocytes or a population of cells that are an intermediate between a promyelocyte and a myelocyte or it may be a population of cells comprising a mixture (e.g. combination) of different granulocytes precursor types, e.g. a population of cells comprising a mixture (e.g. combination) of promyelocytes and myelocytes or a population of cells comprising a mixture of common myeloid progenitor cells, granulocyte monocyte progenitor cells, myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes, band cells, and / or any intermediate cells. Preferably, the granulocyte precursor cell is a promyelocyte, a myelocyte, or a cell that is an intermediate thereof. More preferably, the granulocyte precursor is a combination of promyelocytes, myelocytes, and cells that are intermediate thereof. Preferably, a granulocyte precursor is committed to becoming a granulocyte. A granulocyte precursor is preferably committed to becoming a granulocyte, such as a neutrophil, in vitro, in vivo or ex vivo. A granulocyte and / or precursor thereof according to the present invention may not necessarily be identical to a granulocyte and / or precursor thereof found in vivo (e.g. in a human). The granulocyte and / or precursor thereof may have one or more characteristics in common with a corresponding granulocyte and / or precursor thereof found in vivo (e.g. in a human). The granulocyte or precursor thereof may have one or more characteristics that are different to a corresponding granulocyte or precursor thereof found in vivo (e.g. in a human). Preferably, the granulocyte or precursor thereof may have one or more characteristics in common and one or more characteristics that are different to a corresponding granulocyte or precursor thereof found in vivo (e.g. in a human). A granulocyte or precursor thereof is preferably one that has been differentiated in vitro. The granulocyte or precursor thereof may have one or more characteristics in common with a corresponding granulocyte or precursor thereof produced by a different in vitro method. The granulocyte or precursor thereof may have one or more characteristics that are different to a corresponding granulocyte or precursor thereof produced by a different in vitro method. Preferably, the granulocyte or precursor thereof may have one or more characteristics in common and one or more characteristics that are different to a corresponding granulocyte or precursor thereof produced by a different in vitro method. The granulocyte or precursor thereof is preferably an equivalent granulocyte or precursor thereof. Said one or more characteristics may include one or more of: morphology; cell surface markers; a gene expression profile; cancer killing activity; immunomodulatory properties; persistence; viability; and / or longevity. Preferably, a granulocyte or precursor thereof (preferably an in vitro differentiated granulocyte precursor cell) according to the present invention is not identical to an in vivo differentiated natural (wild type) granulocyte or precursor thereof, preferably an in vivo differentiated granulocyte precursor of an equivalent developmental stage, found in vivo (e.g. in a human). The skilled person understands that, when comparing cells, it is important to identify or determine which “comparator” cells to use for the comparison. The skilled person knows that the comparator cell is preferably a cell at a similar or closely matching point in development, and which is derived from the same organism (e.g. human), so that any differences such as a difference in gene expression, cell surface marker expression, cancer killing activity, immunomodulatory activity or other phenotypes reflect true biological differences (e.g. differences attributed to the methods and media of the invention) rather than artifacts such as developmental timing mismatches, organism mismatches, or biases such as artificial genetic manipulations, exposure to compounds, etc. The term “equivalent” as used in the context of a granulocyte or granulocyte precursor herein may mean a cell that is from the same organism and / or at an equivalent (preferably identical) developmental stage. Preferably, an equivalent granulocyte or granulocyte precursor is a cell that is from the same organism and at an equivalent (preferably identical) developmental stage. For example, when a human granulocyte precursor cell of the invention that has been differentiated in vitro is an intermediate between a promyelocyte and a myelocyte, an equivalent granulocyte precursor cell that has been differentiated in vivo is preferably a human granulocyte precursor cell is an intermediate between a promyelocyte and a myelocyte that has been differentiated in vivo. Preferably, conversely, a neutrophil isolated from peripheral blood is not equivalent to a granulocyte precursor cell of the invention. It is preferred that an equivalent cell has not been genetically engineered and / or exposed to one or more compounds that are not normally found in vivo. The person skilled in the art knows how to determine if two cells are of an equivalent developmental stage. Techniques are known in the art to assign a cell to a particular developmental stage. Such cells may share one or more of characteristics known to be associated with a cell of a particular developmental stage (e.g. in vivo). Said one or more characteristics preferably distinguish said cell from a cell of a different developmental stage. Such characteristics may be one or more of: morphology; cell surface markers; a gene expression profile; cancer killing activity; immunomodulatory properties; persistence; viability; and / or longevity. Preferably, an equivalent developmental stage is the same developmental stage. Cells described herein are preferably human cells (e.g. derived from human cells). Existing in vitro methods for producing granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) and precursors thereof suffer certain limitations including the production of low yield of granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) and / or precursors thereof, immature or nonfunctional granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) and / or precursors thereof, low cell viability and / or occurrence of contaminants (impurities) such as undesired cell types (e.g. cells of a lineage that is not of interest) and / or culture debris (e.g. dead cells). The present invention provides a solution to at least some of these limitations. Advantageously, the invention may provide a method for producing higher yield of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof that are committed towards the neutrophil lineage (and not to the eosinophil or basophil lineage for instance), and / or which are of higher purity, (e.g. less or not contaminated with debris and / or undesired cells such as monocytes and other cell types not committed to the granulocyte or neutrophil lineage), and / or which are endowed with desired phenotypic, morphological and / or functional properties, and / or more viable over longer periods of time. It was surprisingly found that culturing progenitor cells in a culture medium comprising a combination of 3 compounds, namely an inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase, GMCSF, and IL-3 as per the method of the invention, may lead to these advantages. The inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase may be selected from SB203580 (4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4- methylsulfonylphenyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl]pyridine), SB202190 (4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(4- pyridinyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]phenol), RO3201195 (4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-pyridinyl)-1H- pyrazol-3(2H)-one, BIRB 796 (1-[5-tert-butyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]-3-[4-(2- morpholin-4-ylethoxy)naphthalen-1-yl]urea or doramapimod), VX-702 (6- [(Aminocarbonyl)(2,6-difluorophenyl)amino]-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide), VX-745 (5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(phenylthio)-6H-pyrimido[1,6-b]pyridazin-6-one), SCIO-469 (talmapimod or N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-N'-(4-methylphenyl)urea), PH-797804 (3-{3-bromo-4- [(2,4-difluorophenyl)methoxy]-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridin-1-yl}-N,4- dimethylbenzamide), AMG-584 (N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-N'-(4-pyridinyl)urea), RWJ 67657 (4- [4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(3-phenylpropyl)-5-(4-pyridinyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-butyn-1-ol), GW856553 (2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-[1-(2,6-difluorophenyl)carbamoylamino]pyridine-3- carboxamide or losmapimod), LY2228820 (N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-N'-(4-pyridinyl)urea or ralimetinib), and R-1503 (N-(4-(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-imidazol-1- yl)phenyl)acetamide or pamapimod). The inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase, preferably SB 203580, may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 0.125 μM, for instance at a concentration of at least 0.625 μM. The inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase may be provided at a concentration of about 0.125 μM or more. For example, the inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase may be provided at a concentration of about 0.25 μM or more, about 0.375 μM or more, about 0.5 μM or more, or about 0.625 μM or more. inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase may be provided at a concentration of about 12.5 μM or less. For example, inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase may be provided at a concentration of about 10 μM or less, about 7.5 μM or less, about 5 μM or less, or about 2.5 μM or less. inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase may be provided at a concentration of about 0.125 μM to about 12.5 μM, about 0.25 μM to about 10 μM, about 0.375 μM to about 7.5 μM, about 0.5 μM to about 5 μM, or about 0.625 μM to about 2.5 μM. inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase may be provided at a concentration of about 1.25 μM. Preferably, the inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase may be provided at a concentration of 1.25 μM. Preferably, the inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase comprises 4-{4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-[4- (methanesulfinyl)phenyl]-1H-imidazol-5-yl}pyridine (SB 203580). SB203580 may be provided at a concentration of about 0.125 μM or more. For example, the SB203580 may be provided at a concentration of about 0.25 μM or more, about 0.375 μM or more, about 0.5 μM or more, or about 0.625 μM or more. SB203580 may be provided at a concentration of about 12.5 μM or less. For example, SB203580 may be provided at a concentration of about 10 μM or less, about 7.5 μM or less, about 5 μM or less, or about 2.5 μM or less. SB203580 may be provided at a concentration of about 0.125 μM to about 12.5 μM, about 0.25 μM to about 10 μM, about 0.375 μM to about 7.5 μM, about 0.5 μM to about 5 μM, or about 0.625 μM to about 2.5 μM. SB203580 may be provided at a concentration of about 1.25 μM. Preferably, the SB203580 may be provided at a concentration of 1.25 μM. GM-CSF may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 10 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 50 ng / ml. GM-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL or more. For example, GM- CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 20 ng / mL or more, about 30 ng / mL or more, about 40 ng / mL or more, or about 50 ng / mL or more. GM-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 1,000 ng / mL or less. For example, GM-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 800 ng / mL or less, about 600 ng / mL or less, about 400 ng / mL or less, or about 200 ng / mL or less. GM-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL to about 1,000 ng / mL, about 20 ng / mL to about 800 ng / mL, about 30 ng / mL to about 600 ng / mL, about 40 ng / mL to about 400 ng / mL, or about 50 ng / mL to about 200 ng / mL. GM- CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 100 ng / mL. Preferably, GM-CSF may be provided at a concentration of 100 ng / mL. IL-3 may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 1 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 5 ng / ml. IL-3 may be provided at a concentration of about 1 ng / mL or more. For example, IL-3 may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL or more, about 3 ng / mL or more, about 4 ng / mL or more, or about 5 ng / mL or more. IL-3 may be provided at a concentration of about 100 ng / mL or less. For example, IL-3 may be provided at a concentration of about 80 ng / mL or less, about 60 ng / mL or less, about 40 ng / mL or less, or about 20 ng / mL or less. IL-3 may be provided at a concentration of about 1 ng / mL to about 100 ng / mL, about 2 ng / mL to about 80 ng / mL, about 3 ng / mL to about 60 ng / mL, about 4 ng / mL to about 40 ng / mL, or about 5 ng / mL to about 20 ng / mL. IL-3 may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL. Preferably, IL-3 may be provided at a concentration of 10 ng / mL. The method may further comprise adding a granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the culture medium. Preferably, the culture medium may further comprise G-CSF. G-CSF may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 10 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 50 ng / ml. G-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL or more. For example, G-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 20 ng / mL or more, about 30 ng / mL or more, about 40 ng / mL or more, or about 50 ng / mL or more. G-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 1,000 ng / mL or less. For example, G-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 800 ng / mL or less, about 600 ng / mL or less, about 400 ng / mL or less, or about 200 ng / mL or less. G-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL to about 1,000 ng / mL, about 20 ng / mL to about 800 ng / mL, about 30 ng / mL to about 600 ng / mL, about 40 ng / mL to about 400 ng / mL, or about 50 ng / mL to about 200 ng / mL. G-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 100 ng / mL. Preferably, G-CSF may be provided at a concentration of 100 ng / mL. The method may further comprise culturing the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof and / or the progenitor cells in a cell culture medium further comprising a stem cell factor (SCF) and / or a thrombopoietin (TPO). Preferably, the cell culture medium comprises SCF and TPO. SCF may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 10 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 50 ng / ml. SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL or more. For example, SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 20 ng / mL or more, about 30 ng / mL or more, about 40 ng / mL or more, or about 50 ng / mL or more. SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 1,000 ng / mL or less. For example, SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 800 ng / mL or less, about 600 ng / mL or less, about 400 ng / mL or less, or about 200 ng / mL or less. SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL to about 1,000 ng / mL, about 20 ng / mL to about 800 ng / mL, about 30 ng / mL to about 600 ng / mL, about 40 ng / mL to about 400 ng / mL, or about 50 ng / mL to about 200 ng / mL. SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 100 ng / mL. Preferably, the SCF may be provided at a concentration of 100 ng / mL. TPO may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 10 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 50 ng / ml. TPO may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL or more. For example, TPO may be provided at a concentration of about 20 ng / mL or more, about 30 ng / mL or more, about 40 ng / mL or more, or about 50 ng / mL or more. TPO may be provided at a concentration of about 1,000 ng / mL or less. For example, TPO may be provided at a concentration of about 800 ng / mL or less, about 600 ng / mL or less, about 400 ng / mL or less, or about 200 ng / mL or less. TPO may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL to about 1,000 ng / mL, about 20 ng / mL to about 800 ng / mL, about 30 ng / mL to about 600 ng / mL, about 40 ng / mL to about 400 ng / mL, or about 50 ng / mL to about 200 ng / mL. TPO may be provided at a concentration of about 100 ng / mL. Preferably, TPO may be provided at a concentration of 100 ng / mL. The cell culture medium may further comprise one or more component selected from L- glutamine, human serum albumin (HSA), insulin-transferrin-selenium (ITS) and B27. ITS and B27 may be used interchangeably in a method of the invention. Preferably, ITS is used. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that ITS and B27 are largely functionally equivalent but ITS lacks animal components and is more therefore suitable for GMP manufacture. The term “insulin-transferrin-selenium (ITS)” as used herein refers to a solution comprising recombinant insulin, selenium and transferrin. The presence of insulin helps promote glucose and amino acid uptake, lipogenesis, intracellular transport, and the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids. The presence of transferrin (iron carrier) helps reduce toxic levels of oxygen radicals and peroxide. The presence of selenium (as sodium selenite), which is a co-factor for glutathione peroxidase and other proteins, serves as an anti-oxidant in media. ITS can be obtained from commercial suppliers, e.g. Life technologies, under Cat no: 41400045. ITS components are listed below: The term “B27” as used herein, refers to a serum-free cell culture supplement commonly used to support the growth and maintenance of stem cells in vitro. B27 comprised a mixture of vitamins, antioxidants, hormones, fatty acids, and other essential nutrients which serve to promote cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. B27 can be obtained from commercial suppliers, e.g. Life technologies under Cat no: 17504044 B27 components are listed below: Catalog Number(s) 17504001, 17504044 Components • Vitamins o Biotin o DL Alpha Tocopherol Acetate o DL Alpha Tocopherol o Vitamin A (acetate) • Proteins o BSA, fatty acid free Fraction V o Catalase o Human Recombinant Insulin o Human Transferrin o Superoxide Dismutase • Other Components o Corticosterone o D-Galactose o Ethanolamine HCl o Glutathione (reduced) o L-Carnitine HCl o Linoleic Acid o Linolenic Acid o Progesterone o Putrescine 2HCl o Sodium Selenite o T3 (triodo-I-thyronine) BSA may be present at 250 mg / L. The putrescine 2HCl may be present at 16.1 mg / L. The sodium selenite may be present at 0.014 mg / L. Progesterone may be present at 0.0063 mg / L. The human recombinant insulin may be present at 3.5 mg / L. The human transferrin may be present at 5 mg / L. L-glutamine may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 0.2 mM, e.g. at a concentration of at least 1 mM. L-glutamine may be provided at a concentration of about 0.2 mM or more. For example, L- glutamine may be provided at a concentration of about 0.4 mM or more, about 0.6 mM or more, about 0.8 mM or more, or about 1 mM or more. L-glutamine may be provided at a concentration of about 20 mM or less. For example, L-glutamine may be provided at a concentration of about 16 mM or less, about 12 mM or less, about 8 mM or less, or about 4 mM or less. L-glutamine may be provided at a concentration of about 0.2 mM to about 20 mM, about 0.4 mM to about 16 mM, about 0.6 mM to about 12 mM, about 0.8 mM to about 8 mM, or about 1 mM to about 4 mM. L-glutamine may be provided at a concentration of about 2 mM. Preferably, the L-glutamine may be provided at a concentration of 2 mM. HSA may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 0.1 %, e.g. at a concentration of at least 0.5%. HSA may be provided at a concentration of about 0.1% or more. For example, HSA may be provided at a concentration of about 0.2% or more, about 0.3% or more, about 0.4% or more, or about 0.5% or more. HSA may be provided at a concentration of about 10% or less. For example, HSA may be provided at a concentration of about 8% or less, about 6% or less, about 4% or less, or about 2% or less. HSA may be provided at a concentration of about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.2% to about 8%, about 0.3% to about 6%, about 0.4% to about 4%, or about 0.5% to about 2%. HSA may be provided at a concentration of about 1%. Preferably, HSA may be provided at a concentration of 1%. ITS may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 0.1X, e.g. at a concentration of at least 0.5X. ITS may be provided at a concentration of about 0.1X or more. For example, ITS may be provided at a concentration of about 0.2X or more, about 0.3X or more, about 0.4X or more, or about 0.5X or more. ITS may be provided at a concentration of about 10X or less. For example, ITS may be provided at a concentration of about 8X or less, about 6X or less, about 4X or less, or about 2X or less. ITS may be provided at a concentration of about 0.1X to about 10X, about 0.2X to about 8X, about 0.3X to about 6X, about 0.4X to about 4X, or about 0.5X to about 2X. ITS may be provided at a concentration of about 1X. Preferably, ITS may be provided at a concentration of 1X. The B27 may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 0.1 X, e.g. at a concentration of at least 0.5X. B27 may be provided at a concentration of about 0.1X or more. For example, B27 may be provided at a concentration of about 0.2X or more, about 0.3X or more, about 0.4X or more, or about 0.5X or more. B27 may be provided at a concentration of about 10X or less. For example, B27 may be provided at a concentration of about 8X or less, about 6X or less, about 4X or less, or about 2X or less. B27 may be provided at a concentration of about 0.1X to about 10X, about 0.2X to about 8X, about 0.3X to about 6X, about 0.4X to about 4X, or about 0.5X to about 2X. B27 may be provided at a concentration of about 1X. Preferably, B27 may be provided at a concentration of 1X. The progenitor cells may be differentiated from or derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). The progenitor cells may be differentiated from or derived from an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC). Preferably, the progenitor cells may be differentiated from or derived from a hiPSC. The term “PSCs” as used herein refers to a type of stem cell capable of self-renewal and differentiation into any cell type derived from the three germ layers including ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. PSCs can give rise to all tissues in the body. PSCs may be obtained from cells banks or commercial suppliers. The PSC may be genetically modified or non-genetically modified. Preferably, the progenitor cells may be differentiated or derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The iPSCs may be from any suitable source. Preferably, the iPSCs are human iPSCs (hiPSCs). An iPSC may refer to a type of pluripotent stem cell that can be generated from somatic cells through the introduction of specific transcription factors, allowing it to regain the ability to differentiate into any cell type in the body. This technology enables the creation of specific cell lines, such as HSCs. Generation of iPSCs is a well-known technique in the art, e.g. see Yu et al (2007), Science, 318:1917-1920 the teaching of which is incorporated herein by reference. Thus, the iPSCs may be generated according to existing methods such as the one referred above or may be obtained from commercial sources or cell banks. The term “progenitor cell” as used herein refers to a cell that is more differentiated than a PSC or iPSC. For example, a progenitor cell may have been differentiated from a PSC or iPSC. A progenitor cell may be a partially differentiated cell that arises from a stem cell and can differentiate into a specific cell type. Preferably, a progenitor may be capable of differentiating into a blood cell only or primarily. The progenitor cell may, however, be capable of self-renewal (e.g. where the progenitor cell is an HSC). Non-limiting examples of suitable progenitor cells for use in the present invention may include: progenitor cells derived from PSCs or iPSCs; haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs); or progenitor cells derived from HSCs. A progenitor cell may be a cell that is more differentiated than a PSC or iPSC but that is not committed (e.g. not yet committed) to becoming a granulocyte or precursor thereof. A progenitor cell may be less differentiated than a common myeloid progenitor cell. Preferably, a progenitor cell is an HSC or a cell equivalent thereto, most preferably, a HSC. Thus the progenitor cell can be obtained from commercial sources or may be derived or differentiated from PSCs or iPSCs (e.g. hiPSCs) as mentioned herein and / or may be produced by methods of the present invention for producing progenitor cells, which are described herein. A haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) may be selected on the basis of cell surface polypeptide markers, for example selected from CD34 (e.g. UniProt accession number P28906), CD59 (e.g. UniProt accession number P13987), Thy1 (e.g. UniProt accession number P04216), CD38 (e.g. UniProt accession number P28907), C-kit (e.g. UniProt accession number P10721), and linA haematopoietic stem cell may comprise the cell surface polypeptide markers CD34+, CD59+, Thy1+, CD38low / -, C-kitlow / -, and lin-. Preferably a haematopoietic stem cell expresses CD34. Antibodies to detect the presence or absence of said markers are commercially available and may be obtained from BD Biosciences Europe, ebioscience, Beckman Coulter and Pharmingen, for example. The method for producing granulocytes and / or precursors thereof as taught herein may further comprise culturing the progenitor cells in the cell culture medium as described herein for a period of time allowing myeloid induction, granulopoiesis and expansion or until myeloid induction, granulopoiesis and expansion is achieved. The method may comprise culturing the progenitor cells, under conditions to promote myeloid induction, granulopoiesis (e.g. differentiation into granulocytes), and expansion of cells. Progenitor cells may be cultured under conditions to promote myeloid induction, granulopoiesis and expansion of cells for any suitable time. Progenitor cells may be cultured under conditions to promote myeloid induction, granulopoiesis and expansion of cells for at least about at least about 3 days, at least about 4 days, at least about 5 days, at least about 6 days, at least about 7 days, at least about 8 days, at least about 9 days, at least about 10 days, at least about 11 days, or at least about 12 days. Progenitor cells may be cultured under conditions to promote myeloid induction, granulopoiesis and expansion of cells for less than about 20 days, less than about 19 days, less than about 18 days, less than about 17 days, less than about 16 days, less than about 15 days, or less than about 14 days. Progenitor cells may be cultured under conditions to promote myeloid induction, granulopoiesis and expansion of cells for about 3 to about 20 days, about 4 days to about 16 days, or about 5 days to about 14 days. Progenitor cells may be cultured under conditions to promote myeloid induction, granulopoiesis and expansion of cells for about 6 days. Progenitor cells may be cultured under conditions to promote myeloid induction, granulopoiesis and expansion of cells for 6 days, thereby producing granulocyte precursors. The method for producing granulocytes and / or precursors thereof as taught herein may further comprise culturing the progenitor cells in the cell culture medium as described above for up to 6 days, e.g. up to: 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, or 6 days, thereby producing granulocyte precursors. Preferably, the method for producing granulocytes and / or precursors thereof as taught herein comprises culturing the progenitor cells in the cell culture medium as described above for 6 days, thereby producing granulocyte precursors. Without being bound by theory, the inventors hypothesise that an inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase (preferably SB203580), GM-CSF, IL-3 and G-CSF may promote myeloid induction, granulopoiesis and expansion of cells. Thus, the method may comprise culturing the progenitor cells in the presence of an inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase (preferably SB203580), GM-CSF, and IL-3 to promote myeloid induction, granulopoiesis and expansion of the cell. Preferably, the method may comprise culturing the progenitor cells in the presence of an inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase (preferably SB203580), GM-CSF, IL-3 and G-CSF to promote myeloid induction, granulopoiesis and expansion of the cell. Without being bound by theory, the inventors hypothesise that SB203580, GM-CSF, IL-3 and G-CSF may promote myeloid induction, granulopoiesis and expansion of cells. Thus, the method may comprise culturing the progenitor cells in the presence of SB203580, GM-CSF, and IL-3 to promote myeloid induction, granulopoiesis and expansion of the cell. Preferably, the method may comprise culturing the progenitor cells in the presence of SB203580, GM- CSF, IL-3 and G-CSF to promote myeloid induction, granulopoiesis and expansion of the cell. Without being bound by theory, the inventors hypothesise that G-CSF may promote neutrophil differentiation, maturation, and survival of cells. Thus, the method may comprise culturing the progenitor cells in the presence of G-CSF to promote neutrophil differentiation, maturation, and survival of the cell. Preferably, the method may comprise culturing the progenitor cells in the presence of G-CSF to promote neutrophil differentiation, maturation, and survival of the cell. The method may comprise culturing the progenitor cells in the presence of IMDM, P / S, L- glutamine, HSA, ITS, SCF, TPO, an inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase (preferably SB203580), GM- CSF, IL-3, and / or G-CSF. The method may comprise culturing the progenitor cells in the presence of IMDM, P / S, L-glutamine, HSA, ITS, SCF, TPO, an inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase (preferably SB203580), GM-CSF, IL-3, and G-CSF. Preferably, the method may comprise culturing a cell differentiated from the progenitor cells in the presence of IMDM, P / S, L- glutamine, HSA, ITS, SCF, TPO, an inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase (preferably SB203580), GM- CSF, IL-3, and G-CSF. For example, the method may comprise culturing the progenitor cells in the presence of IMDM, P / S, L-glutamine, HSA, ITS, SCF, TPO, an inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase (preferably SB203580), GM-CSF, IL-3, and G-CSF to promote myeloid induction, granulopoiesis and expansion of the cell. The method may comprise culturing the progenitor cells in the presence of IMDM, P / S, L- glutamine, HSA, ITS, SCF, TPO, SB203580, GM-CSF, IL-3, and / or G-CSF. The method may comprise culturing the progenitor cells in the presence of IMDM, P / S, L-glutamine, HSA, ITS, SCF, TPO, SB203580, GM-CSF, IL-3, and G-CSF. Preferably, the method may comprise culturing a cell differentiated from the progenitor cells in the presence of IMDM, P / S, L- glutamine, HSA, ITS, SCF, TPO, SB203580, GM-CSF, IL-3, and G-CSF. For example, the method may comprise culturing the progenitor cells in the presence of IMDM, P / S, L- glutamine, HSA, ITS, SCF, TPO, SB203580, GM-CSF, IL-3, and G-CSF to promote myeloid induction, granulopoiesis and expansion of the cell. After carrying out the method of the invention, granulocyte precursors may be produced. The granulocyte precursors may comprise myeloid progenitor cells. The method for producing granulocytes and / or precursors thereof as taught herein may further involve refreshing the cell culture medium once or more. For instance, cell culture medium may be half refreshed (referred to herein as “½ culture medium refresh”) or fully refreshed. “Half (½) culture medium refresh” refers to a process where half of the existing cell culture medium is replaced with fresh medium (e.g. same or different medium). This may be advantageous to replenish nutrients in the culture medium to support continued growth, proliferation and / or differentiation as, over time, nutrients can become depleted due to cell metabolism. This may also be advantageous to remove waste products that may accumulate in the medium over time and may lead to toxicity. Replacing half of the medium may help dilute and remove waste products and contributes to maintain a healthier environment for the cells. This may also be advantageous to restore the pH as the metabolic activity of cells may alter the pH of the medium (e.g., making it more acidic). Replacing half of the medium culture medium may be associated with further advantages such as allowing for a more gradual replacement of the medium, which may help minimise stress (e.g. helps prevent sudden changes in pH, osmolarity, concentrations of nutrients, etc) and promote survival and consistent growth conditions. Preferably, the cell culture medium is half (½) refreshed with the same cell culture medium. The cell culture medium may be half (½) refreshed on the third day and / or on the fifth day, preferably both on the third and fifth day of culturing the progenitor cells in the cell culture medium as described above. The method may comprise culturing the granulocyte precursors under conditions to promote neutrophil differentiation, maturation, and survival of cells. The granulocyte precursors may be cultured under conditions to promote neutrophil differentiation, maturation, and survival of cells for any suitable time. The granulocyte precursors may be cultured under conditions to promote neutrophil differentiation, maturation, and survival of cells for at least about 3 days, at least about 4 days, at least about 5 days, at least about 6 days, at least about 7 days, at least about 8 days, at least about 9 days, at least about 10 days, at least about 11 days, or at least about 12 days. The granulocyte precursors may be cultured under conditions to promote neutrophil differentiation, maturation, and survival of cells for less than about 20 days, less than about 19 days, less than about 18 days, less than about 17 days, less than about 16 days, less than about 15 days, or less than about 14 days. The granulocyte precursors may be cultured under conditions to promote neutrophil differentiation, maturation, and survival of cells for about 3 to about 20 days, about 4 days to about 16 days, or about 5 days to about 14 days. The granulocyte precursors may be cultured under conditions to promote neutrophil differentiation, maturation, and survival of cells for about 6 days. The progenitor cells may be cultured under conditions to promote neutrophil differentiation, maturation, and survival of cells for 6 days or longer, thereby producing granulocytes and / or neutrophils. The method for producing granulocytes and / or precursors thereof may further comprise culturing granulocyte precursors (e.g. obtained after carrying out the method of the invention) in a further culture medium comprising SCF, TPO, and / or G-CSF for up to 8 days, e.g. up to: 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, or 8 days, preferably 7 or 8 days, thereby producing granulocytes. The method for producing granulocytes and / or precursors thereof may further comprise culturing granulocyte precursors (e.g. obtained after carrying out the method of the invention) in the culture medium comprising SCF, TPO, and / or G-CSF for at least 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, or 8 days, preferably 8 days, thereby producing granulocytes. Preferably, the further culture medium comprises SCF, TPO, and G-CSF. The method for producing granulocytes and / or precursors thereof may further comprise culturing the granulocytes and / or granulocyte precursors in the culture medium comprising SCF, TPO, and / or G-CSF for up to 22 days, e.g. up to 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 11 days, 12 days, 13 days, 14 days, 15 days, 16 days, 17 days, 18 days, 19 days, 20 days, 21 days, 22 days, preferably 21 days or 22 days, thereby producing granulocytes, preferably neutrophils. The method for producing granulocytes and / or precursors thereof may further comprise culturing granulocytes and / or granulocyte precursors (e.g. obtained after carrying out the method of the invention) in the culture medium comprising SCF, TPO, and / or G-CSF for up to 22 days, e.g. up to 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 11 days, 12 days, 13 days, 14 days, 15 days, 16 days, 17 days, 18 days, 19 days, 20 days, 21 days, 22 days, preferably 21 days or 22 days, thereby producing granulocytes, preferably neutrophils. The method for producing granulocytes and / or precursors thereof may further comprise culturing the progenitor cells in the culture medium comprising SCF, TPO, and / or G-CSF at least 22 days or more, e.g. at least 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 11 days, 12 days, 13 days, 14 days, 15 days, 16 days, 17 days, 18 days, 19 days, 20 days, 21 days, 22 days or more, preferably for at least 21 days or 22 days, thereby producing granulocytes, preferably neutrophils. The method for producing granulocytes and / or precursors thereof may further comprise culturing granulocyte precursors (e.g. obtained after carrying out the method of the invention) in the culture medium comprising SCF, TPO, and / or G-CSF at least 22 days or more, e.g. at least 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 11 days, 12 days, 13 days, 14 days, 15 days, 16 days, 17 days, 18 days, 19 days, 20 days, 21 days, 22 days or more, preferably for at least 21 days or 22 days, thereby producing granulocytes, preferably neutrophils. The TPO may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 10 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 50 ng / ml. TPO may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL or more. For example, TPO may be provided at a concentration of about 20 ng / mL or more, about 30 ng / mL or more, about 40 ng / mL or more, or about 50 ng / mL or more. TPO may be provided at a concentration of about 1,000 ng / mL or less. For example, TPO may be provided at a concentration of about 800 ng / mL or less, about 600 ng / mL or less, about 400 ng / mL or less, or about 200 ng / mL or less. TPO may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL to about 1,000 ng / mL, about 20 ng / mL to about 800 ng / mL, about 30 ng / mL to about 600 ng / mL, about 40 ng / mL to about 400 ng / mL, or about 50 ng / mL to about 200 ng / mL. TPO may be provided at a concentration of about 100 ng / mL. Preferably, TPO may be provided at a concentration of 100 ng / mL. The SCF may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 10 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 50 ng / ml. SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL or more. For example, SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 20 ng / mL or more, about 30 ng / mL or more, about 40 ng / mL or more, or about 50 ng / mL or more. SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 1,000 ng / mL or less. For example, SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 800 ng / mL or less, about 600 ng / mL or less, about 400 ng / mL or less, or about 200 ng / mL or less. SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL to about 1,000 ng / mL, about 20 ng / mL to about 800 ng / mL, about 30 ng / mL to about 600 ng / mL, about 40 ng / mL to about 400 ng / mL, or about 50 ng / mL to about 200 ng / mL. SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 100 ng / mL. Preferably, SCF may be provided at a concentration of 100 ng / mL. The G-CSF may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 10 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 50 ng / ml. G-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL or more. For example, G-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 20 ng / mL or more, about 30 ng / mL or more, about 40 ng / mL or more, or about 50 ng / mL or more. G-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 1,000 ng / mL or less. For example, G-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 800 ng / mL or less, about 600 ng / mL or less, about 400 ng / mL or less, or about 200 ng / mL or less. G-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL to about 1,000 ng / mL, about 20 ng / mL to about 800 ng / mL, about 30 ng / mL to about 600 ng / mL, about 40 ng / mL to about 400 ng / mL, or about 50 ng / mL to about 200 ng / mL. G-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 100 ng / mL. Preferably, G-CSF may be provided at a concentration of 100 ng / mL. The cell culture medium may further comprise one or more components selected from L- glutamine, HSA, ITS, and B27. The L-glutamine may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 0.2 mM, e.g. at a concentration of at least 1 mM. L-glutamine may be provided at a concentration of about 0.2 mM or more. For example, L- glutamine may be provided at a concentration of about 0.4 mM or more, about 0.6 mM or more, about 0.8 mM or more, or about 1 mM or more. L-glutamine may be provided at a concentration of about 20 mM or less. For example, L-glutamine may be provided at a concentration of about 16 mM or less, about 12 mM or less, about 8 mM or less, or about 4 mM or less. L-glutamine may be provided at a concentration of about 0.2 mM to about 20 mM, about 0.4 mM to about 16 mM, about 0.6 mM to about 12 mM, about 0.8 mM to about 8 mM, or about 1 mM to about 4 mM. L-glutamine may be provided at a concentration of about 2 mM. Preferably, L-glutamine may be provided at a concentration of 2 mM. The HSA may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 0.1%, e.g. at a concentration of at least 0.5%. HSA may be provided at a concentration of about 0.1% or more. For example, HSA may be provided at a concentration of about 0.2% or more, about 0.3% or more, about 0.4% or more, or about 0.5% or more. HSA may be provided at a concentration of about 10% or less. For example, HSA may be provided at a concentration of about 8% or less, about 6% or less, about 4% or less, or about 2% or less. HSA may be provided at a concentration of about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.2% to about 8%, about 0.3% to about 6%, about 0.4% to about 4%, or about 0.5% to about 2%. HSA may be provided at a concentration of about 1%. Preferably, HSA may be provided at a concentration of 1%. The ITS may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 0.1X, e.g. at a concentration of at least 0.5X. ITS may be provided at a concentration of about 0.1X or more. For example, ITS may be provided at a concentration of about 0.2X or more, about 0.3X or more, about 0.4X or more, or about 0.5X or more. ITS may be provided at a concentration of about 10X or less. For example, ITS may be provided at a concentration of about 8X or less, about 6X or less, about 4X or less, or about 2X or less. ITS may be provided at a concentration of about 0.1X to about 10X, about 0.2X to about 8X, about 0.3X to about 6X, about 0.4X to about 4X, or about 0.5X to about 2X. ITS may be provided at a concentration of about 1X. Preferably, the ITS may be provided at a concentration of 1X. The B27 may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 0.1X, e.g. at a concentration of at least 0.5X. B27 may be provided at a concentration of about 0.1X or more. For example, B27 may be provided at a concentration of about 0.2X or more, about 0.3X or more, about 0.4X or more, or about 0.5X or more. B27 may be provided at a concentration of about 10X or less. For example, B27 may be provided at a concentration of about 8X or less, about 6X or less, about 4X or less, or about 2X or less. B27 may be provided at a concentration of about 0.1X to about 10X, about 0.2X to about 8X, about 0.3X to about 6X, about 0.4X to about 4X, or about 0.5X to about 2X. B27 may be provided at a concentration of about 1X. Preferably, B27 may be provided at a concentration of 1X. ITS and B27 can be used interchangeably. Preferably, ITS is used for the same reasons as above. The cell culture medium may be any suitable cell culture medium. For example, the cell culture medium may comprise APEL2 or IMDM. The term “IMDM” as used herein refers to a cell culture medium (also known as “Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium), which designed to support the growth of a wide variety of cell types, including lymphocytes, hematopoietic cells, primary cells, and others. IMDM contains nutrients such as vitamins, amino acids, and inorganic salts, along with increased levels of glucose, sodium pyruvate, and serum supplements. IMDM is commonly used in research for culturing immune cells and other cells that require a more nutrient-dense environment compared to standard media. IMDM can be obtained from commercial suppliers, e.g. from Life technologies under Cat no: 12440053. IMDM components are listed below: 

[0002] IMDM Components g / LInorganic SaltsCalcium Chloride 0.1653Magnesium Sulfate (anhydrous) 0.09767Potassium Chloride 0.33Potassium Nitrate 0.000076Sodium Bicarbonate 3.024Sodium Chloride 4.505Sodium Phosphate Monobasic (anhydrous) 0.109Sodium Selenite 0.000017Amino AcidsL-Alanine 0.025L-Arginine • HCl 0.084L-Asparagine • H2O 0.0284L-Aspartic Acid 0.03L-Cystine • 2HCl 0.09124L-Glutamic Acid 0.075L-Glutamine 0.0Glycine 0.03L-Histidine • HCl • H2O 0.042L-Isoleucine 0.105L-Leucine 0.105L-Lysine • HCl 0.146L-Methionine 0.03L-Phenylalanine 0.066L-Proline 0.04L-Serine 0.042L-Threonine 0.095L-Tryptophan 0.016L-Tyrosine • 2Na • 2H2O 0.10379L-Valine 0.094VitaminsD-Biotin 0.000013Choline Chloride 0.004Folic Acid 0.004myo-Inositol 0.0072Niacinamide 0.004D-Pantothenic Acid (hemicalcium) 0.004Pyridoxal • HCl 0.004Riboflavin 0.0004Thiamine • HCl 0.004Vitamin B12 0.000013OtherD-Glucose 4.5HEPES 5.958Phenol Red • Na 0.016Pyruvic Acid • Na 0.11AddSodium Bicarbonate 0.0L-Glutamine 0.584The term “APEL2” as used herein refers to a defined, xeno-free cell culture medium designed to support the growth and maintenance of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). APEL2 provides a controlled environment for hPSC expansion and differentiation without the use of animal-derived components. This makes it ideal for research and therapeutic applications where regulatory compliance and reproducibility are crucial. APEL2 can be obtained from commercial suppliers, e.g. Stemcell Technologies under Cat no: 05275. APEL2 components are listed below:

[0003] Reference: US2010 / 0317104. The cell culture medium as described above may further comprise penicillin / streptomycin (P / S). The term “penicillin / streptomycin (P / S)” as used herein refers to a supplement commonly used in cell culture medium for cell culture purposes. P / S contains antibiotics penicillin and streptomycin, which are used to prevent bacterial contamination of cell cultures due to their effective combined action against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. P / S comprises 10,000 units / mL of penicillin and 10,000 μg / mL of streptomycin. P / S can be obtained from commercial suppliers, e.g. from Life technologies under Cat no: 15140122. The cell culture medium may be refreshed once or more times as taught above. The cell culture medium may be half (½) refreshed every day or every second day, preferably every second day. The method for producing granulocytes and / or precursors thereof may further comprise priming the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, thereby producing activated granulocytes and / or activated neutrophils. The term “priming” as used herein refers to the process of preparing or activating cells to enhance their responsiveness to subsequent stimuli and promote differentiation into a functional state (e.g. functional neutrophils). Cytokines may be used to prime granulocytes and / or precursors thereof. Non-limiting examples of cytokines include GM-CSF, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa), G-CSF, interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8),Interferon gamma (INFg), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFb), and interleukin 17 (IL-17). Preferably the cytokines are GM-CSF and / or TNFa. More preferably, the cytokines are GM-CSF and TNFa. The GM-CSF may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 1 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 5 ng / ml. GM-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 1 ng / mL or more. For example, GM- CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL or more, about 3 ng / mL or more, about 4 ng / mL or more, or about 5 ng / mL or more. GM-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 100 ng / mL or less. For example, GM-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 80 ng / mL or less, about 60 ng / mL or less, about 40 ng / mL or less, or about 20 ng / mL or less. GM-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 1 ng / mL to about 100 ng / mL, about 2 ng / mL to about 80 ng / mL, about 3 ng / mL to about 60 ng / mL, about 4 ng / mL to about 40 ng / mL, or about 5 ng / mL to about 20 ng / mL. GM-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL. Preferably, GM-CSF may be provided at a concentration of 10 ng / mL. TNFa may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 0.1 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 0.5 ng / ml. TNFa may be provided at a concentration of about 0.1 ng / mL or more. For example, TNFa may be provided at a concentration of about 0.2 ng / mL or more, about 0.3 ng / mL or more, about 0.4 ng / mL or more, or about 0.5 ng / mL or more. TNFa may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL or less. For example, TNFa may be provided at a concentration of about 8 ng / mL or less, about 6 ng / mL or less, about 4 ng / mL or less, or about 2 ng / mL or less. TNFa may be provided at a concentration of about 0.1 ng / mL to about 10 ng / mL, about 0.2 ng / mL to about 8 ng / mL, about 0.3 ng / mL to about 6 ng / mL, about 0.4 ng / mL to about 4 ng / mL, or about 0.5 ng / mL to about 2 ng / mL. TNFa may be provided at a concentration of about 1 ng / mL. Preferably, TNFa may be provided at a concentration of 1 ng / mL. The GM-CSF and / or TNFa, preferably both, may be present in the cell culture medium for up to 24 hours, e.g. up to 1 hour, 5 hours, 10 hours, 15 hours, 16 hours, 17 hours, 18 hours, 19 hours, 20 hours, 21 hours, 22 hours, 23 hours, or 24 hours, thereby producing activated granulocytes and / or precursors thereof and / or activated neutrophils. Preferably, the GM-CSF and / or TNFa, preferably both, are present in the cell culture medium for 24 hours. Priming may be performed at any time where an activated granulocyte and / or precursor thereof and / or activated neutrophil is desired. Priming may be performed around the stage of myeloid induction and granulopoiesis (e.g. after 12 to 16 days of differentiation) and / or around the stage of neutrophil differentiation and maturation (e.g. after 18 to 25 days of differentiation and / or after 26 to 39 days of differentiation). The GM-CSF and / or TNFa, preferably both, may be provided or added in the cell culture medium after at least 10 days of culturing the progenitor cells according to the method of the invention, e.g. at least 11 days, 12 days, 13 days or more, preferably 13 days, thereby producing primed or activated granulocyte precursors. The GM-CSF and / or TNFa, preferably both, may be provided or added in the cell culture medium after at least 15 days of culturing the granulocyte precursors according to the method of the invention, e.g. at least 16 days, 17 days, 18 days, 19 days, 20 days, 21 days, 22 days or more, preferably 22 days, thereby producing primed or activated granulocytes, including neutrophils. In one aspect, the method for producing granulocytes and / precursors thereof may be carried out as set out below: Duration (days) Protocol (P1) Cell culture medium comprising one or more components selected from: APEL2 (components and concentrations described herein), P / S (components and concentrations described herein), BMP4 (at concentration of 0.2ng to 200 ng / ml, preferably 20ng / ml), L-AA (at concentration of 20 uM to 2000 uM, preferably 200uM), STEP 1 ROCKi ([preferably Y-27632 dihydrochloride] at a concentration of Day 0, Day 2 (½) 1 uM to 100 uM, preferably 10uM), SCF (at a concentration of 4 ng / ml to 400 ng / ml, preferably 40ng / ml), VEGF (at a concentration of 2 ng / ml to 200 ng / ml, preferably 20ng / ml). bFGF (at a concentration of 0.5 to 50 ng / ml, preferably 5ng / ml), and inhibitor of GSK-3 ([preferably CHIR99021] at a concentration of 0.3 uM to 30 uM, preferably 3uM). Cell culture medium comprising one or more components selected from: APEL2 (components and concentrations described herein), P / S (components and concentrations described herein), BMP4 (at concentration of 1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, preferably 10ng / ml), L-AA (at concentration of 20 uM to 2000 uM, preferably 200uM), SCF (at concentration of 4 ng / ml to 400 ng / ml, preferably STEP 2 40ng / ml), Day 3 VEGF (at concentration of 2 ng / ml to 200 ng / ml, preferably 20ng / ml), IGF-1 (at concentration of 10 ng / ml to 1000 ng / ml, preferably 100ng / ml), RA (at concentration of 0.1 nM to 10 nM, preferably 1 nM), IL-6 (at concentration of 1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, preferably 10ng / ml), and beta-estradiol (at concentration of 0.5 nM to 50 nM, preferably 5 nM). Cell culture medium comprising one or more components selected from: APEL2 (components and concentrations described herein), P / S (components and concentrations described herein), BMP4 (at concentration of 1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, preferably STEP 3 10ng / ml), Day 6, Day 8 (½), L-AA (at concentration of 20 uM to 2000 uM, preferably 200uM), Day 10 (½) SCF (at concentration of 4 ng / ml to 40 ng / ml, preferably 40ng / ml), VEGF (at concentration of 2 ng / ml to 200 ng / ml, preferably 20ng / ml), inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase ([preferably SB203580] at concentration of 0.125 uM to 12.5 uM, preferably 1.25 uM), GM-CSF (at concentration of 1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, preferably 10 ng / ml), IL-3 (at concentration of 1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, preferably 10 ng / ml), and G-CSF (at concentration of 1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, preferably 10 ng / ml). Cell culture medium comprising: inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase ([preferably SB203580] at a concentration of 0.125 uM to 12.5 uM, preferably 1.25 uM). GM-CSF (at a concentration of 10 ng / ml to 1000 ng / ml, preferably 100ng / ml). IL-3 (at a concentration of 1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, preferably 10 ng / ml) and may further comprise one or more components selected from: IMDM (components and concentrations described herein) STEP 4 P / S (components and concentrations described herein), Day 12, Day L-glutamine (at concentration of 0.2 mM to 20 mM, preferably 14(½), Day 16(½) 2mM), Human Serum Albumin (HAS) (at a concentration of 0.1% to 10%, preferably 1%), ITS (at a concentration of 0.1x to 10X, preferably 1X), SCF (at a concentration of 10 ng / ml to 1000 ng / ml, preferably 100ng / ml) , TPO (at a concentration of 10 ng / ml to 1000 ng / ml, preferably 100ng / ml), and G-CSF (at a concentration of 10 ng / ml to 1000 ng / ml, preferably 100 ng / ml). Cell culture medium comprising one or more components selected from: IMDM (components and concentrations described herein), P / S (components and concentrations described herein), L-glutamine (at a concentration of 0.2 mM to 20 mM, preferably STEP 5 2mM), Day 18, Day 20 Human Serum Albumin (HAS) (at a concentration of 0.1% to 10%, (½), Day 22 (½), preferably 1%), Day 24 (½), ITS (at a concentration of 0.1X to 10X, preferably 1X), every second day SCF (at a concentration of 10 ng / ml t 1000 ng / ml, preferably onwards (½) 100ng / ml), TPO (at a concentration of 10 ng / ml to 1000 ng / ml, preferably 100ng / ml), and G-CSF (at a concentration of 10 ng / ml to 1000 ng / ml, preferably 100 ng / ml). In one aspect, the method for producing granulocytes and / or precursors thereof may be carried out as set out below, which is an alternative protocol suitable for use in method for producing granulocytes and / or precursors thereof: Duration (Days) Protocol (P3) STEP 1 As P1 Day 0, Day 2 (½) STEP 2 Cell culture medium comprising one or more components Day 3 selected from: APEL2 (components and concentrations described herein). P / S (components and concentrations described herein).BMP4 (at concentration of 1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, preferably 10 ng / ml), L-AA (at concentration of 20 uM to 2000 uM, preferably 200 uM), SCF (at concentration of 4 ng / ml to 400 ng / ml, preferably 40 ng / ml), VEGF (at a concentration of 2 ng / ml to 200 ng / ml, preferably 20 ng / ml), IGF-1 (at a concentration of 10 ng / ml to 1000 ng / ml, preferably 100 ng / ml), RA (at a concentration of 0.1 nM to 10 NM, preferably 1 nM), IL-6 (at a concentration of 1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, preferably 10ng / ml), and beta-estradiol (at a concentration of 0.5 nM to 50 nM, preferably 5 nM). STEP 3 Cell culture medium comprising one or more components Day 6, Day 8 (½), selected from: Day 10 (½) APEL2 (components and concentrations described herein). P / S (components and concentrations described herein). BMP4 (at concentration of 1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, preferably 10 ng / ml), L-AA (at concentration of 20 uM to 2000 uM, preferably 200 uM), SCF (at concentration of 4 ng / ml to 400 ng / ml, preferably 40 ng / ml), VEGF (at concentration of 2 ng / ml to 200 ng / ml, preferably 20ng / ml), IL-3 (at concentration of 0.5 ng / ml to 50 ng / ml, preferably 5 ng / ml), IL-6 (at concentration of 0.1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, preferably 10 ng / ml), TPO (at concentration of 0.1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, preferably 10 ng / ml), and FMS-like Tyrosine Kinase 3 Ligand (FLT3L) (at concentration of 2 ng / ml to 200 ng / ml, preferably 20ng / ml). STEP 4 As P1 Day 12, Day 14(½), Day 16(½) STEP 5 Cell culture medium comprising one or more components Day 18, Day 20 selected from: (½), Day 22 (½), IMDM (components and concentrations described herein), Day 24 (½), every P / S (components and concentrations described herein), second day L-glutamine (at concentration of 0.2 mM to 20 mM, preferably 2 onwards (½) mM), Human Serum Albumin (HAS) (at concentration of 0.1% to 10%, preferably 1%), ITS (at concentration of 0.1X to 10X, preferably 1X), SCF (at concentration of 10 ng / ml to 1000 ng / ml, preferably 100 ng / ml), TPO (at concentration of 10 ng / ml to 1000 ng / ml, preferably 100 ng / ml), IL-8 (at concentration of 0.5 ng / ml to 50 ng / ml, preferably 5 ng / ml), G-CSF (at concentration of 10 ng / ml to 1000 ng / ml, preferably 100 ng / ml), FLT3L (at concentration of 2 ng / ml to 200 ng / ml, preferably 20 ng / ml), and pan-caspase inhibitor (preferably quinolyl-valyl-O- homophenylalanine (Q-VD.Oh)) (at concentration of 0.3 uM to 30 uM, preferably 3 uM). In one aspect, the method for producing granulocytes and / or precursors thereof may be carried out as set out below, which is an alternative protocol suitable for use in method for producing granulocytes and / or precursors thereof: Duration (Days) Protocol (P4) STEP 1 As P1 Day 0, Day 2 (½) STEP 2 As P1 Day 3 STEP 3 Cell culture medium comprising one or more components Day 6, Day 8 (½), selected from: Day 10 (½) APEL2 (components and concentrations described herein), P / S (components and concentrations described herein), BMP4 (at concentration of 0.1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, preferably 10 ng / ml), L-AA (at concentration of 20 uM to 2000 uM, preferably 200 uM), SCF (at concentration of 4 ng / ml to 400 ng / ml, preferably 40 ng / ml), VEGF (at concentration of 2 ng / ml to 200 ng / ml, preferably 20 ng / ml), bFGF (at contentration of 1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, preferably 10 ng / ml), and inhibitor of ALK receptor ([preferably SB431542] at concentration of 1 uM to 100 uM, preferably 10 uM). STEP 4 As P1 Day 12, Day 14(½), Day 16(½) STEP 5 Cell culture medium comprising one or more components Day 18, Day 20 selected from: (½), Day 22 (½), IMDM (components and concentrations described herein), Day 24 (½), every P / S (components and concentrations described herein). second day L-glutamine (at concentration of 0.2 mM to 200 mM, preferably 2 onwards (½) mM), Human Serum Albumin (HAS) (at concentration of 0.1 % to 10%, preferably 1%), ITS (at a concentration of 0.1X to 10X, preferably 1X), SCF (at concentration of 10 ng / ml to 1000 ng / ml, preferably 100 ng / ml), TPO (at concentration of 10 ng / ml to 1000 ng / ml, preferably 100 ng / ml), IL-8 (at concentration of 0.5 ng / ml to 50 ng / ml, preferably 5 ng / ml), G-CSF (at concentration of 10 ng / ml to 1000 ng / ml, preferably 100 ng / ml), FLT3L (at concentration of 2 ng / ml to 200 ng / ml, preferably 20 ng / ml), and pan-caspase inhibitor ([preferably Q-VD.Oh] at concentration of 0.3 uM to 30 uM, preferably 3 uM). Protocol P1, Protocol P3, and Protocol P4 may be used interchangeably in the method to produce granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) and / or precursors thereof, however, preferably protocol P1 is used. Steps 1, 2, and 3 of protocol P1 may be used interchangeably in the method to produce progenitor cells suitable for use in the method to produce granulocytes and / or precursors thereof. Preferably, steps 1, 2, and 3 are used to produce progenitor cells suitable for use in the method of the invention, which is to produce granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) and / or precursors thereof. Steps 1, 2, 3 and 5 of protocol P1 may replace steps 1, 2, 3, and 5 in Protocol 3 and vice versa in the method to produce granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) and / or precursors thereof. Steps 1, 2, 3 and 5 of protocol P1 may replace steps 1, 2, 3, and 5 in Protocol 4 and vice versa in the method to produce granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) and / or precursors thereof. Steps 1, 2, 3 and 5 of protocol P3 may replace steps 1, 2, 3, and 5 in Protocol 4 and vice versa in the method to produce granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) and / or precursors thereof. Step 5 of protocol P1, P3 and / or P4 may be prolonged (under same culture conditions) beyond day 25, e.g. beyond 26 days, 27 days, 28 days, 29 days, 30 days, 31 days, 32 days, 33 days, 34 days, 35 days, 36 days, 37 days, 38 days, 39 days, or more, preferably 39 days. Components of the cell culture media in protocol P1, P3 and P4 may be added or present in the cell culture medium as described above. IL-8 may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 0.5 ng / mL ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 2.5 ng / mL. IL-8 may be provided at a concentration of about 0.5 ng / mL or more. For example, IL-8 may be provided at a concentration of about 1 ng / mL or more, about 1.5 ng / mL or more, about 2 ng / mL or more, or about 2.5 ng / mL or more. IL-8 may be provided at a concentration of about 50 ng / mL or less. For example, IL-8 may be provided at a concentration of about 40 ng / mL or less, about 30 ng / mL or less, about 20 ng / mL or less, or about 10 ng / mL or less. IL- 8 may be provided at a concentration of about 0.5 ng / mL to about 50 ng / mL, about 1 ng / mL to about 40 ng / mL, about 1.5 ng / mL to about 30 ng / mL, about 2 ng / mL to about 20 ng / mL, or about 2.5 ng / mL to about 10 ng / mL. IL-8 may be provided at a concentration of about 5 ng / mL. Preferably, IL-8 may be provided at a concentration of 5 ng / mL. The pan-caspase inhibitor may be selected from Q-VD.Oh (quinolyl-valyl-aspartyl-[O-(1- methyl-2-phenoxy)-methyl]-ketone), Z-VAD-FMK (Benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)- fluoromethylketone), Boc-D-fmk (tert-butyloxycarbonyl-aspartyl-fluoromethylketone), IDN- 6556 ((3S)-3-{[(2S)-2-{[2-(2-tert-butylanilino)-2-oxoacetyl]amino}propanoyl]amino}-4-oxo-5- (2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenoxy)pentanoic acid), VX-765 ((S)-1-((S)-2-{[1-(4-amino-3- chlorophenyl)methanoyl]amino}-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), and emricasan ((3S)-3-[(2S)-2-{[(2-tert-butylphenyl)carbamoyl]formamido}propanamido]-4-oxo-5- (2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenoxy)pentanoic acid. or EMR). Preferably the pan-caspase inhibitor is Q-VD.Oh. The pan-caspase inhibitor may be provided at a concentration of about 0.3 μM or more. For example, the pan-caspase inhibitor may be provided at a concentration of about 0.6 μM or more, about 0.9 μM or more, about 1.2 μM or more, or about 1.5 μM or more. the pan- caspase inhibitor may be provided at a concentration of about 30 μM or less. For example, the pan-caspase inhibitor may be provided at a concentration of about 24 μM or less, about 18 μM or less, about 12 μM or less, or about 6 μM or less. the pan-caspase inhibitor may be provided at a concentration of about 0.3 μM to about 30 μM, about 0.6 μM to about 24 μM, about 0.9 μM to about 18 μM, about 1.2 μM to about 12 μM, or about 1.5 μM to about 6 μM. the pan-caspase inhibitor may be provided at a concentration of about 3 μM. Preferably, the pan-caspase inhibitor may be provided at a concentration of 3 μM. Q-VD.Oh may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 0.3 μM ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 1.5 μM. Q-VD.Oh may be provided at a concentration of about 0.3 μM or more. For example, Q- VD.Oh may be provided at a concentration of about 0.6 μM or more, about 0.9 μM or more, about 1.2 μM or more, or about 1.5 μM or more. Q-VD.Oh may be provided at a concentration of about 30 μM or less. For example, Q-VD.Oh may be provided at a concentration of about 24 μM or less, about 18 μM or less, about 12 μM or less, or about 6 μM or less. Q-VD.Oh may be provided at a concentration of about 0.3 μM to about 30 μM, about 0.6 μM to about 24 μM, about 0.9 μM to about 18 μM, about 1.2 μM to about 12 μM, or about 1.5 μM to about 6 μM. Q-VD.Oh may be provided at a concentration of about 3 μM. Preferably, Q-VD.Oh may be provided at a concentration of 3 μM. Cell culture medium may be fully refreshed, or half (1 / 2) refreshed as taught above. Cells produced by the methods of the invention may be harvested or isolated at any time. Cells produced by the methods of the invention may be harvested or isolated during and / or after step 1 of protocol P1, P3 or P4 or during and / or after step 2 of protocol P1, P3 or P4 or during and / or after step 3 of protocol P1, P3 or P4 or during and / or after step 4 of protocol P1, P3 or P4 and / or during and / or after step 5 of protocol P1, P3 or P4. Preferably, cells produced by the methods of the invention are harvested or isolated during and / or after step 3 of protocol P1, P3 or P4, preferably P1 to thereby obtain progenitor cells for use in the method of the invention. Preferably, cells produced by the methods of the invention are harvested or isolated during and / or after step 4 of protocol P1, P3 or P4, preferably P1 to thereby obtain granulocytes and / or precursors thereof and / or a mixture thereof, preferably mainly granulocyte precursors. Preferably, cells produced by the methods of the invention are harvested or isolated during and / or after step 5 of protocol P1, P3 or P4, preferably P1 to thereby obtaining granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, preferably mainly granulocytes, more preferably neutrophils. The harvested or isolated cells may be a homogenous mixture of cells from a given step or an heterogenous mixture of cells harvested or isolated from the same or different steps. The harvested or isolated cells may be frozen, and subsequently thawed for later use (e.g. therapeutic use or manufacture of a medicament) or be kept in suspension in a suitable formulation. The harvested or isolated cells may be a mixture of granulocytes, granulocytes precursors and / or neutrophils. Preferably, the method for producing granulocytes (including neutrophils) and / or precursors thereof is carried out according to protocol P1. In one aspect, the invention further provides a first method for producing progenitor cells suitable for use in the method for producing granulocytes and / or precursors thereof as described herein. The first method for producing progenitor cells may comprise culturing PSCs or iPSCs, preferably hiPSCs, in a first culture medium comprising one or more components selected from bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), L-ascorbic acid (L-AA), rho-associated protein kinase I (ROCKi), stem cell factor (SCF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). The term “one or more” as used herein may mean at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, or 20, etc. In one embodiment, wherein “one or more” precedes a list, “one or more” may mean all of the members of the list. Similarly, the term “at least one” as used herein may mean at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, or 20, etc. In one embodiment, wherein “at least one” precedes a list, “at least one” may mean all of the members of the list. BMP4 may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 2 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 10 ng / ml. BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL or more. For example, BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 4 ng / mL or more, about 6 ng / mL or more, about 8 ng / mL or more, about 10 ng / mL or about 12 ng / mL, about 14 ng / mL or more, about 16 ng / mL or more, about 18 ng / mL or more, about 20 ng / mL or more. BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 200 ng / mL or less. For example, BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 160 ng / mL or less, about 120 ng / mL or less, about 80 ng / mL or less, about 40 ng / mL or less, about 30 ng / mL or less, or about 20 ng / mL or less. BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL to about 200 ng / mL, about 4 ng / mL to about 160 ng / mL, about 6 ng / mL to about 120 ng / mL, about 8 ng / mL to about 80 ng / mL, about 10 ng / mL to about 40 ng / mL, about 5 ng / mL to about 25 ng / mL. BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL or about 20 ng / mL. BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 20 ng / mL. Preferably, BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of 20 ng / mL. L-AA may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 20 μM ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 100 μM. L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 20 μM or more. For example, L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 40 μM or more, about 60 μM or more, about 80 μM or more, about 100 μM or more, about 120 μM or more, about 140 μM or more, about 160 μM or more, about 180 μM or more or about 200 μM or more. L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 2,000 μM or less. For example, L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 1,600 μM or less, about 1,200 μM or less, about 800 μM or less, about 400 μM or less, about 200 μM or less. L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 20 μM to about 2,000 μM, about 40 μM to about 1,600 μM, about 60 μM to about 1,200 μM, about 80 μM to about 800 μM, about 100 μM to about 400 μM, or about 150 μM to about 250 μM. L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 200 μM. Preferably, L-AA may be provided at a concentration of 200 μM. ROCKi may be selected from Y-27632 dihydrochloride (trans-4-[(1R)-1-Aminoethyl]-N-(4- pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide dihydrochloride), Y-39983 (4-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-N-(1H- pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)cyclohexanecarboxamide dihydrochloride), AR-13324 (N-(1H- pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)-4-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide or netarsudil), fasudil (5-(1,4-diazepane-1-sulfonyl)isoquinoline hydrochloride), GSK429286A (N-(6-fluoro- 1H-indazol-5-yl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyridine-3-carboxamide), H- 1152 ((S)-(+)-2-Methyl-1-[(4-methyl-5-isoquinolinyl)sulfonyl]-hexahydro-1H-1,4-diazepine dihydrochloride), SLx-2119 (1-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea), TC-S 7001 (6-chloro-N4-[3,5-difluoro-4-[(3-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)oxy]phenyl]-2,4- pyrimidinediamine), and K-115 (4-Fluoro-5-{[(2S)-2-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1- yl]sulfonyl}isoquinoline monohydrochloride dihydrate or ripasudil ). Preferably, the ROCKi is Y-27632 dihydrochloride. ROCKi may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 1 μM, e.g. at a concentration of at least 5 μM. The ROCKi may be provided at a concentration of about 1 μM or more. For example, the ROCKi may be provided at a concentration of about 2 μM or more, about 3 μM or more, about 4 μM or more, about 5 μM or more, about 6 μM or more, about 7 μM or more, about 8 μM or more, about 9 μM or more, or about 10 μM or more. The ROCKi may be provided at a concentration of about 100 μM or less. For example, the ROCKi may be provided at a concentration of about 80 μM or less, about 60 μM or less, about 40 μM or less, about 20 μM or less, or about 10 μM or less. The ROCKi may be provided at a concentration of about 1 μM to about 100 μM, about 2 μM to about 80 μM, about 3 μM to about 60 μM, about 4 μM to about 40 μM, about 5 μM to about 20 μM, or about 7 μM to about 15 μM. The ROCKi may be provided at a concentration of about 10 μM. Preferably, the ROCKi may be provided at a concentration of 10 μM. Y-27632 dihydrochloride may be provided at a concentration of about 1 μM or more. For example, Y-27632 dihydrochloride may be provided at a concentration of about 2 μM or more, about 3 μM or more, about 4 μM or more, about 5 μM or more, about 6 μM or more, about 7 μM or more, about 8 μM or more, about 9 μM or more, or about 10 μM or more. Y- 27632 dihydrochloride may be provided at a concentration of about 100 μM or less. For example, Y-27632 dihydrochloride may be provided at a concentration of about 80 μM or less, about 60 μM or less, about 40 μM or less, about 20 μM or less, or about 10 μM or less. Y-27632 dihydrochloride may be provided at a concentration of about 1 μM to about 100 μM, about 2 μM to about 80 μM, about 3 μM to about 60 μM, about 4 μM to about 40 μM, about 5 μM to about 20 μM, or about 7 μM to about 15 μM. Y-27632 dihydrochloride may be provided at a concentration of about 10 μM. Preferably, Y-27632 dihydrochloride may be provided at a concentration of 10 μM. SCF may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 4 ng / mL, e.g. at a concentration of at least 20 ng / mL. SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 4 ng / mL or more. For example, SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 8 ng / mL or more, about 12 ng / mL or more, about 16 ng / mL or more, about 20 ng / mL or more, about 40 ng / mL or more. SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 400 ng / mL or less. For example, SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 320 ng / mL or less, about 240 ng / mL or less, about 160 ng / mL or less, about 80 ng / mL or less, about 60 ng / mL or less, about 40 ng / mL or less. SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 4 ng / mL to about 400 ng / mL, about 8 ng / mL to about 320 ng / mL, about 12 ng / mL to about 240 ng / mL, about 16 ng / mL to about 160 ng / mL, about 20 ng / mL to about 80 ng / mL or about 30 ng / mL to about 50 ng / mL. SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 40 ng / mL. Preferably, SCF may be provided at a concentration of 40 ng / mL. VEGF may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 2 ng / mL, e.g. at a concentration of at least 10 ng / mL. VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL or more. For example, VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 4 ng / mL or more, about 6 ng / mL or more, about 8 ng / mL or more, about 10 ng / mL or more, about 12 ng / mL or more, about 14 ng / mL or more, about 16 ng / mL or more, about 18 ng / mL or more, or about 20 ng / mL or more. VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 200 ng / mL or less. For example, VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 160 ng / mL or less, about 120 ng / mL or less, about 80 ng / mL or less, about 40 ng / mL or less, or about 20 ng / mL or less. VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL to about 200 ng / mL, about 4 ng / mL to about 160 ng / mL, about 6 ng / mL to about 120 ng / mL, about 8 ng / mL to about 80 ng / mL, about 10 ng / mL to about 40 ng / mL or about 15 ng / mL to about 25 ng / mL. VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 20 ng / mL. Preferably, VEGF may be provided at a concentration of 20 ng / mL. The bFGF may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 0.5 ng / mL, e.g. at a concentration of at least 2.5 ng / mL.The bFGF may be provided at a concentration of about 0.5 ng / mL or more. For example, the bFGF may be provided at a concentration of about 1 ng / mL or more, about 1.5 ng / mL or more, about 2 ng / mL or more, about 2.5 ng / mL or more, about 3.0 ng / mL or more, about 3.5 ng / mL or more, about 4.0 ng / mL or more, about 4.5 ng / mL or more or about 5.0 ng / ml or more. The bFGF may be provided at a concentration of about 50 ng / mL or less. For example, the bFGF may be provided at a concentration of about 40 ng / mL or less, about 30 ng / mL or less, about 20 ng / mL or less, about 10 ng / mL or less, or about 5 ng / mL or less. The bFGF may be provided at a concentration of about 0.5 ng / mL to about 50 ng / mL, about 1 ng / mL to about 40 ng / mL, about 1.5 ng / mL to about 30 ng / mL, about 2 ng / mL to about 20 ng / mL, about 2.5 ng / mL to about 10 ng / mL, or about 1.0 ng / mL to about 7 ng / mL. The bFGF may be provided at a concentration of about 5 ng / mL. Preferably, the bFGF may be provided at a concentration of 5 ng / mL. The inhibitor of GSK-3 may be selected from CHIR99021, tideglusib, SAR502250, lithium, AR-A014418, 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (BIO), SB-216763, SB-415286, kenpaullone, alsterpaullone, cazpaullone, L803mts, AZD1080, AZD2858, LY2090314, VP0.7, VP3.35, , TWS119, and PF-04802367 (PF-367).. Preferably the inhibitor of GSK-3 is CHIR99021 The inhibitor of GSK-3 may be provided at a concentration of about 0.3 μM or more. For example, the inhibitor of GSK-3 may be provided at a concentration of about 0.6 μM or more, about 0.9 μM or more, about 1.2 μM or more, about 1.5 μM or more, about 2.0 μM or more, about 2.5 μM or more, or about 3.0 μM or more. The inhibitor of GSK-3 may be provided at a concentration of about 30 μM or less. For example, the inhibitor of GSK-3 may be provided at a concentration of about 24 μM or less, about 18 μM or less, about 12 μM or less, about 10 μM or less, about 8 μM or less, about 6 μM or less, about 4 μM or less, or about 3 μM or less. The inhibitor of GSK-3 may be provided at a concentration of about 0.3 μM to about 30 μM, about 0.6 μM to about 24 μM, about 0.9 μM to about 18 μM, about 1.2 μM to about 12 μM, about 1.5 μM to about 6 μM or about 2.0 μM to about 4.0 μM. The inhibitor of GSK-3 may be provided at a concentration of about 3 μM. Preferably, the CHIR99021 may be provided at a concentration of 3 μM. The CHIR99021 may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 0.3 μM, e.g. at a concentration of at least 1.5 μM. The CHIR99021 may be provided at a concentration of about 0.3 μM or more. For example, the CHIR99021 may be provided at a concentration of about 0.6 μM or more, about 0.9 μM or more, about 1.2 μM or more, about 1.5 μM or more, about 2.0 μM or more, about 2.5 μM or more, or about 3.0 μM or more. The CHIR99021 may be provided at a concentration of about 30 μM or less. For example, the CHIR99021 may be provided at a concentration of about 24 μM or less, about 18 μM or less, about 12 μM or less, about 10 μM or less, about 8 μM or less, about 6 μM or less, about 4 μM or less, or about 3 μM or less. The CHIR99021 may be provided at a concentration of about 0.3 μM to about 30 μM, about 0.6 μM to about 24 μM, about 0.9 μM to about 18 μM, about 1.2 μM to about 12 μM, about 1.5 μM to about 6 μM or about 2.0 μM to about 4.0 μM. The CHIR99021 may be provided at a concentration of about 3 μM. Preferably, the CHIR99021 may be provided at a concentration of 3 μM. The first method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing the PSCs, preferably the hiPSCs in the culture medium as described above for a period of time allowing mesoderm induction or until mesoderm induction is achieved. The first method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing the iPSC, or a cell differentiated from the iPSC, under conditions to promote mesoderm induction of cells. The iPSC, or the cell differentiated from the iPSC, may be cultured under conditions to promote mesoderm induction for any suitable time. The iPSC, or the cell differentiated from the iPSC, may be cultured under conditions to promote mesoderm induction for at least about 1 day, at least about 2 days, at least about 3 days, at least about 4 days, at least about 5 days, at least about 6 days, or at least about 7 days. The iPSC, or the cell differentiated from the iPSC, may be cultured under conditions to promote mesoderm induction for less than about 12 days, less than about 11 days, less than about 10 days, less than about 9 days, less than about 8 days, less than about 7 days, or less than about 6 days. The iPSC, or the cell differentiated from the iPSC, may be cultured under conditions to promote mesoderm induction for about 1 day to about 6 days, about 2 days to about 4 days, or about 3 days to about 4 days. The iPSC, or the cell differentiated from the iPSC, may be cultured under conditions to promote mesoderm induction for about 2 days. Preferably, the iPSC, or the cell differentiated from the iPSC, may be cultured under conditions to promote mesoderm induction for 2 days. Without being bound by theory, the inventors hypothesise that APEL2, P / S, BMP4, L-AA, ROCKi, and SCF may help promote mesoderm induction of cells. Thus, the method may comprise culturing the iPSC, or a cell differentiated from the iPSC, in the presence of APEL2, P / S, BMP4, L-AA, ROCKi, and / or SCF. The method may comprise culturing the iPSC, or a cell differentiated from the iPSC, in the presence of APEL2, P / S, BMP4, L-AA, ROCKi, and SCF. For example, the method may comprise culturing the iPSC in the presence of APEL2, P / S, BMP4, L-AA, ROCKi, and SCF. The method may comprise culturing the iPSC, or a cell differentiated from the iPSC, in the presence of APEL2, P / S, BMP4, L-AA, ROCKi, and SCF to promote mesoderm induction of the cell. Preferably, the method may comprise culturing the iPSC in the presence of APEL2, P / S, BMP4, L-AA, ROCKi, and SCF to promote mesoderm induction of the cell. Without being bound by theory, the inventors hypothesise that VEGF, bFGF and CHIR99021 may promote mesoderm induction of cells. Thus, the method may comprise culturing the iPSC, or a cell differentiated from the iPSC, in the presence of VEGF, bFGF and / or CHIR99021. The method may comprise culturing the iPSC, or a cell differentiated from the iPSC, in the presence of VEGF, bFGF and CHIR99021. For example, the method may comprise culturing the iPSC in the presence of VEGF, bFGF and CHIR99021. The method may comprise culturing the iPSC, or a cell differentiated from the iPSC, in the presence of VEGF, bFGF and CHIR99021 to promote mesoderm induction of the cell. Preferably, the method may comprise culturing the iPSC in the presence of VEGF, bFGF and CHIR99021 to promote mesoderm induction of the cell. The method may comprise culturing the iPSC, or a cell differentiated from the iPSC in the presence of APEL2, P / S, BMP4, L-AA, ROCKi (preferably Y-27632 dihydrochloride), SCF, VEGF, bFGF and / or CHIR99021. The method may comprise culturing the iPSC, or a cell differentiated from the iPSC in the presence of APEL2, P / S, BMP4, L-AA, ROCKi, SCF, VEGF, bFGF and CHIR99021. Preferably, the method may comprise culturing the iPSC in the presence of APEL2, P / S, BMP4, L-AA, ROCKi (Y-27632 dihydrochloride), SCF, VEGF, bFGF and CHIR99021. For example, the method may comprise culturing the iPSC in the presence of APEL2, P / S, BMP4, L-AA, ROCKi, SCF, VEGF, bFGF and CHIR99021 to promote mesoderm induction of the iPSC. The first method for producing progenitor cells may further involve refreshing the first culture medium as described above on the first day and / or on the second day, preferably on the second day. Preferably, the medium may be ½ refreshed with the same medium on the second day. The first method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing PSCs, preferably hiPSCs in a second culture medium comprising one or more components selected from BMP4, L-AA, SCF, VEGF, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), retinoic acid (RA), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and beta-estradiol. The BMP4 may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 1.0 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 5 ng / ml μM. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL or more. For example, the BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 4 ng / mL or more, about 6 ng / mL or more, about 8 ng / mL or more, or about 10 ng / mL or more. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 200 ng / mL or less. For example, the BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 160 ng / mL or less, about 120 ng / mL or less, about 80 ng / mL or less, or about 40 ng / mL or less. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL to about 200 ng / mL, about 4 ng / mL to about 160 ng / mL, about 6 ng / mL to about 120 ng / mL, about 8 ng / mL to about 80 ng / mL, or about 10 ng / mL to about 40 ng / mL. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL or about 20 ng / mL. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 20 ng / mL. Preferably, the BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of 20 ng / mL. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL. Preferably, the BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of 10 ng / mL. The L-AA may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 20 uM, e.g. at a concentration of at least 100 uM. The L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 20 μM or more. For example, the L- AA may be provided at a concentration of about 40 μM or more, about 60 μM or more, about 80 μM or more, or about 100 μM or more. The L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 2,000 μM or less. For example, the L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 1,600 μM or less, about 1,200 μM or less, about 800 μM or less, or about 400 μM or less. The L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 20 μM to about 2,000 μM, about 40 μM to about 1,600 μM, about 60 μM to about 1,200 μM, about 80 μM to about 800 μM, or about 100 μM to about 400 μM. The L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 200 μM. Preferably, the L-AA may be provided at a concentration of 200 μM. The SCF may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 4 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 20 ng / ml. The SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 4 ng / mL or more. For example, the SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 8 ng / mL or more, about 12 ng / mL or more, about 16 ng / mL or more, or about 20 ng / mL or more. The SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 400 ng / mL or less. For example, the SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 320 ng / mL or less, about 240 ng / mL or less, about 160 ng / mL or less, or about 80 ng / mL or less. The SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 4 ng / mL to about 400 ng / mL, about 8 ng / mL to about 320 ng / mL, about 12 ng / mL to about 240 ng / mL, about 16 ng / mL to about 160 ng / mL, or about 20 ng / mL to about 80 ng / mL. The SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 40 ng / mL. Preferably, the SCF may be provided at a concentration of 40 ng / mL. The VEGF may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 2 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 10 ng / ml. The VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL or more. For example, the VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 4 ng / mL or more, about 6 ng / mL or more, about 8 ng / mL or more, or about 10 ng / mL or more. The VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 200 ng / mL or less. For example, the VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 160 ng / mL or less, about 120 ng / mL or less, about 80 ng / mL or less, or about 40 ng / mL or less. The VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL to about 200 ng / mL, about 4 ng / mL to about 160 ng / mL, about 6 ng / mL to about 120 ng / mL, about 8 ng / mL to about 80 ng / mL, or about 10 ng / mL to about 40 ng / mL. The VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 20 ng / mL. Preferably, the VEGF may be provided at a concentration of 20 ng / mL. The IGF-1 may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 10 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 50 ng / ml. The IGF-1 may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL or more. For example, the IGF-1 may be provided at a concentration of about 20 ng / mL or more, about 30 ng / mL or more, about 40 ng / mL or more, or about 50 ng / mL or more. The IGF-1 may be provided at a concentration of about 1,000 ng / mL or less. For example, the IGF-1 may be provided at a concentration of about 800 ng / mL or less, about 600 ng / mL or less, about 400 ng / mL or less, or about 200 ng / mL or less. The IGF-1 may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL to about 1,000 ng / mL, about 20 ng / mL to about 800 ng / mL, about 30 ng / mL to about 600 ng / mL, about 40 ng / mL to about 400 ng / mL, or about 50 ng / mL to about 200 ng / mL. The IGF-1 may be provided at a concentration of about 100 ng / mL. Preferably, the IGF-1 may be provided at a concentration of 100 ng / mL. The RA may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 0.1 nM, e.g. at a concentration of at least 0.5 nM. The RA may be provided at a concentration of about 0.1 nM or more. For example, the RA may be provided at a concentration of about 0.2 nM or more, about 0.3 nM or more, about 0.4 nM or more, or about 0.5 nM or more. The RA may be provided at a concentration of about 10 nM or less. For example, the RA may be provided at a concentration of about 8 nM or less, about 6 nM or less, about 4 nM or less, or about 2 nM or less. The RA may be provided at a concentration of about 0.1 nM to about 10 nM, about 0.2 nM to about 8 nM, about 0.3 nM to about 6 nM, about 0.4 nM to about 4 nM, or about 0.5 nM to about 2 nM. The RA may be provided at a concentration of about 1 nM. Preferably, the RA may be provided at a concentration of 1 nM. The IL-6 may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 1 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 5 ng / ml. The IL-6 may be provided at a concentration of about 1 ng / mL or more. For example, the IL-6 may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL or more, about 3 ng / mL or more, about 4 ng / mL or more, or about 5 ng / mL or more. The IL-6 may be provided at a concentration of about 100 ng / mL or less. For example, the IL-6 may be provided at a concentration of about 80 ng / mL or less, about 60 ng / mL or less, about 40 ng / mL or less, or about 20 ng / mL or less. The IL-6 may be provided at a concentration of about 1 ng / mL to about 100 ng / mL, about 2 ng / mL to about 80 ng / mL, about 3 ng / mL to about 60 ng / mL, about 4 ng / mL to about 40 ng / mL, or about 5 ng / mL to about 20 ng / mL. The IL-6 may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL. Preferably, the IL-6 may be provided at a concentration of 10 ng / mL. The beta-estradiol may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 0.5 nM, e.g. at a concentration of at least 2.5 nM. The beta-estradiol may be provided at a concentration of about 0.5 nM or more. For example, the beta-estradiol may be provided at a concentration of about 1 nM or more, about 1.5 nM or more, about 2 nM or more, or about 2.5 nM or more. The beta-estradiol may be provided at a concentration of about 50 nM or less. For example, the beta-estradiol may be provided at a concentration of about 40 nM or less, about 30 nM or less, about 20 nM or less, or about 10 nM or less. The beta-estradiol may be provided at a concentration of about 0.5 nM to about 50 nM, about 1 nM to about 40 nM, about 1.5 nM to about 30 nM, about 2 nM to about 20 nM, or about 2.5 nM to about 10 nM. The beta-estradiol may be provided at a concentration of about 5 nM. Preferably, the RA may be provided at a concentration of 5 nM. The first method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing the PSCs, preferably the hiPSCs in the culture medium as described above for a period of time allowing hemogenic endothelium and endothelial to hematopoietic transition or until hemogenic endothelium and endothelial to hematopoietic transition is achieved. The first method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing the iPSC, or a cell differentiated from the iPSC, under conditions to promote haemogenic endothelium and endothelial to haematopoietic transition of cells. The iPSC, or the cell differentiated from the iPSC, may be cultured under conditions to promote haemogenic endothelium and endothelial to haematopoietic transition for any suitable time. The iPSC, or the cell differentiated from the iPSC, may be cultured under conditions to promote haemogenic endothelium and endothelial to haematopoietic transition for at least about 1 day, at least about 2 days, at least about 3 days, at least about 4 days, at least about 5 days, at least about 6 days, or at least about 7 days. The iPSC, or the cell differentiated from the iPSC, may be cultured under conditions to promote haemogenic endothelium and endothelial to haematopoietic transition for less than about 12 days, less than about 11 days, less than about 10 days, less than about 9 days, less than about 8 days, less than about 7 days, or less than about 6 days. The iPSC, or the cell differentiated from the iPSC, may be cultured under conditions to promote haemogenic endothelium and endothelial to haematopoietic transition for about 1 day to about 6 days, about 2 days to about 4 days, or about 3 days to about 4 days. The iPSC, or the cell differentiated from the iPSC, may be cultured under conditions to promote haemogenic endothelium and endothelial to haematopoietic transition for about 3 days. Preferably, the iPSC, or the cell differentiated from the iPSC, may be cultured under conditions to promote haemogenic endothelium and endothelial to haematopoietic transition for 3 days. Without being bound by theory, the inventors hypothesise that APEL2, P / S, BMP4, L-AA, SCF, and VEGF may help promote haemogenic endothelium and endothelial to haematopoietic transition of cells. Thus, the method may comprise culturing the iPSC, or a cell differentiated from the iPSC, in the presence of APEL2, P / S, BMP4, L-AA, SCF, and / or VEGF. The method may comprise culturing the iPSC, or a cell differentiated from the iPSC, in the presence of APEL2, P / S, BMP4, L-AA, SCF, and VEGF. For example, the method may comprise culturing a cell differentiated from the iPSC in the presence of APEL2, P / S, BMP4, L-AA, SCF, and VEGF. The method may comprise culturing the iPSC, or a cell differentiated from the iPSC, in the presence of APEL2, P / S, BMP4, L-AA, SCF, and VEGF to promote haemogenic endothelium and endothelial to haematopoietic transition of the cell. Preferably, the method may comprise culturing a cell differentiated from the iPSC in the presence of APEL2, P / S, BMP4, L-AA, SCF, and VEGF to promote haemogenic endothelium and endothelial to haematopoietic transition of the cell. Without being bound by theory, the inventors hypothesise that IGF-1, RA, IL-6 and beta- estradiol may help promote haemogenic endothelium and endothelial to haematopoietic transition of cells. Thus, the method may comprise culturing the iPSC, or a cell differentiated from the iPSC, in the presence of IGF-1, RA, IL-6 and / or beta-estradiol. The method may comprise culturing the iPSC, or a cell differentiated from the iPSC, in the presence of IGF-1, RA, IL-6 and beta-estradiol. For example, the method may comprise culturing a cell differentiated from the iPSC in the presence of IGF-1, RA, IL-6 and beta-estradiol. Preferably, the method may comprise culturing a cell differentiated from the iPSC in the presence of IGF-1, RA, IL-6 and beta-estradiol to promote haemogenic endothelium and endothelial to haematopoietic transition of the cell. The method may comprise culturing the iPSC, or a cell differentiated from the iPSC in the presence of APEL2, P / S, BMP4, L-AA, SCF, VEGF, IGF-1, RA, IL-6 and / or beta-estradiol. The method may comprise culturing the iPSC, or a cell differentiated from the iPSC in the presence of APEL2, P / S, BMP4, L-AA, SCF, VEGF, IGF-1, RA, IL-6 and beta-estradiol. Preferably, the method may comprise culturing a cell differentiated from the iPSC in the presence of APEL2, P / S, BMP4, L-AA, SCF, VEGF, IGF-1, RA, IL-6 and beta-estradiol. For example, the method may comprise culturing a cell differentiated from the iPSC in the presence of APEL2, P / S, BMP4, L-AA, SCF, VEGF, IGF-1, RA, IL-6 and beta-estradiol to promote haemogenic endothelium and endothelial to haematopoietic transition of the cell. The first method for producing progenitor cells may further involve refreshing the second medium as described above. Preferably, the second medium is not refreshed. The first method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing the PSCs, preferably the hiPSCs in a third culture medium comprising one or more components selected from BMP4, L-AA, SCF, VEGF, inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase, GM-CSF, IL-3, and G- CSF. The BMP4 may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 1 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 5 ng / ml. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL or more. For example, the BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 4 ng / mL or more, about 6 ng / mL or more, about 8 ng / mL or more, or about 10 ng / mL or more. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 200 ng / mL or less. For example, the BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 160 ng / mL or less, about 120 ng / mL or less, about 80 ng / mL or less, or about 40 ng / mL or less. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL to about 200 ng / mL, about 4 ng / mL to about 160 ng / mL, about 6 ng / mL to about 120 ng / mL, about 8 ng / mL to about 80 ng / mL, or about 10 ng / mL to about 40 ng / mL. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL or about 20 ng / mL. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 20 ng / mL. Preferably, the BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of 20 ng / mL. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL. Preferably, the BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of 10 ng / mL. The L-AA may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 20 uM, e.g. at a concentration of at least 100 uM. The L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 20 μM or more. For example, the L- AA may be provided at a concentration of about 40 μM or more, about 60 μM or more, about 80 μM or more, or about 100 μM or more. The L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 2,000 μM or less. For example, the L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 1,600 μM or less, about 1,200 μM or less, about 800 μM or less, or about 400 μM or less. The L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 20 μM to about 2,000 μM, about 40 μM to about 1,600 μM, about 60 μM to about 1,200 μM, about 80 μM to about 800 μM, or about 100 μM to about 400 μM. The L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 200 μM. Preferably, the L-AA may be provided at a concentration of 200 μM. The SCF may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 4 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 20 ng / ml. The SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 4 ng / mL or more. For example, the SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 8 ng / mL or more, about 12 ng / mL or more, about 16 ng / mL or more, or about 20 ng / mL or more. The SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 400 ng / mL or less. For example, the SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 320 ng / mL or less, about 240 ng / mL or less, about 160 ng / mL or less, or about 80 ng / mL or less. The SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 4 ng / mL to about 400 ng / mL, about 8 ng / mL to about 320 ng / mL, about 12 ng / mL to about 240 ng / mL, about 16 ng / mL to about 160 ng / mL, or about 20 ng / mL to about 80 ng / mL. The SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 40 ng / mL. Preferably, the SCF may be provided at a concentration of 40 ng / mL. The VEGF may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 2 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 10 ng / ml. The VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL or more. For example, the VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 4 ng / mL or more, about 6 ng / mL or more, about 8 ng / mL or more, or about 10 ng / mL or more. The VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 200 ng / mL or less. For example, the VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 160 ng / mL or less, about 120 ng / mL or less, about 80 ng / mL or less, or about 40 ng / mL or less. The VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL to about 200 ng / mL, about 4 ng / mL to about 160 ng / mL, about 6 ng / mL to about 120 ng / mL, about 8 ng / mL to about 80 ng / mL, or about 10 ng / mL to about 40 ng / mL. The VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 20 ng / mL. Preferably, the VEGF may be provided at a concentration of 20 ng / mL. The inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 0.125 uM, e.g. at a concentration of at least 0.625 uM. The inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase may be selected from SB203580 (4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4- methylsulfonylphenyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl]pyridine), SB202190 (4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(4- pyridinyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]phenol), RO3201195 (4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-pyridinyl)-1H- pyrazol-3(2H)-one, BIRB 796 (1-[5-tert-butyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]-3-[4-(2- morpholin-4-ylethoxy)naphthalen-1-yl]urea or doramapimod), VX-702 (6- [(Aminocarbonyl)(2,6-difluorophenyl)amino]-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide), VX-745 (5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(phenylthio)-6H-pyrimido[1,6-b]pyridazin-6-one), SCIO-469 (talmapimod or N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-N'-(4-methylphenyl)urea), PH-797804 (3-{3-bromo-4- [(2,4-difluorophenyl)methoxy]-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridin-1-yl}-N,4- dimethylbenzamide), AMG-584 (N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-N'-(4-pyridinyl)urea), RWJ 67657 (4- [4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(3-phenylpropyl)-5-(4-pyridinyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-butyn-1-ol), GW856553 (2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-[1-(2,6-difluorophenyl)carbamoylamino]pyridine-3- carboxamide or losmapimod), LY2228820 (N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-N'-(4-pyridinyl)urea or ralimetinib), and R-1503 (N-(4-(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-imidazol-1- yl)phenyl)acetamide or pamapimod). Preferably, the inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase is SB203580 (4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4- methylsulfonylphenyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl]pyridine). The inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase may be provided at a concentration of about 0.125 μM or more. For example, the inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase may be provided at a concentration of about 0.25 μM or more, about 0.375 μM or more, about 0.5 μM or more, or about 0.625 μM or more. The inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase may be provided at a concentration of about 12.5 μM or less. For example, the inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase may be provided at a concentration of about 10 μM or less, about 7.5 μM or less, about 5 μM or less, or about 2.5 μM or less. The inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase may be provided at a concentration of about 0.125 μM to about 12.5 μM, about 0.25 μM to about 10 μM, about 0.375 μM to about 7.5 μM, about 0.5 μM to about 5 μM, or about 0.625 μM to about 2.5 μM. The inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase may be provided at a concentration of about 1.25 μM. Preferably, the inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase may be provided at a concentration of 1.25 μM. The SB203580 may be provided at a concentration of about 0.125 μM or more. For example, the SB203580 may be provided at a concentration of about 0.25 μM or more, about 0.375 μM or more, about 0.5 μM or more, or about 0.625 μM or more. The SB203580 may be provided at a concentration of about 12.5 μM or less. For example, the SB203580 may be provided at a concentration of about 10 μM or less, about 7.5 μM or less, about 5 μM or less, or about 2.5 μM or less. The SB203580 may be provided at a concentration of about 0.125 μM to about 12.5 μM, about 0.25 μM to about 10 μM, about 0.375 μM to about 7.5 μM, about 0.5 μM to about 5 μM, or about 0.625 μM to about 2.5 μM. The SB203580 may be provided at a concentration of about 1.25 μM. Preferably, the SB203580 may be provided at a concentration of 1.25 μM. The GM-CSF may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 1 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 5 ng / ml. The GM-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 1 ng / mL or more. For example, the GM-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL or more, about 3 ng / mL or more, about 4 ng / mL or more, or about 5 ng / mL or more. The GM-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 100 ng / mL or less. For example, the GM-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 80 ng / mL or less, about 60 ng / mL or less, about 40 ng / mL or less, or about 20 ng / mL or less. The GM-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 1 ng / mL to about 100 ng / mL, about 2 ng / mL to about 80 ng / mL, about 3 ng / mL to about 60 ng / mL, about 4 ng / mL to about 40 ng / mL, or about 5 ng / mL to about 20 ng / mL. The GM-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL. Preferably, the GM-CSF may be provided at a concentration of 10 ng / mL. The IL-3 may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 1 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 5 ng / ml. The IL-3 may be provided at a concentration of about 1 ng / mL or more. For example, the IL-3 may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL or more, about 3 ng / mL or more, about 4 ng / mL or more, or about 5 ng / mL or more. The IL-3 may be provided at a concentration of about 100 ng / mL or less. For example, the IL-3 may be provided at a concentration of about 80 ng / mL or less, about 60 ng / mL or less, about 40 ng / mL or less, or about 20 ng / mL or less. The IL-3 may be provided at a concentration of about 1 ng / mL to about 100 ng / mL, about 2 ng / mL to about 80 ng / mL, about 3 ng / mL to about 60 ng / mL, about 4 ng / mL to about 40 ng / mL, or about 5 ng / mL to about 20 ng / mL. Preferably, the IL-3 may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL. The G-CSF may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 1 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 5 ng / ml. The G-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 1 ng / mL or more. For example, the G-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL or more, about 3 ng / mL or more, about 4 ng / mL or more, or about 5 ng / mL or more. The G-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 100 ng / mL or less. For example, the G-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 80 ng / mL or less, about 60 ng / mL or less, about 40 ng / mL or less, or about 20 ng / mL or less. The G-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 1 ng / mL to about 100 ng / mL, about 2 ng / mL to about 80 ng / mL, about 3 ng / mL to about 60 ng / mL, about 4 ng / mL to about 40 ng / mL, or about 5 ng / mL to about 20 ng / mL. The G-CSF may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL. Preferably, the IL-3 may be provided at a concentration of 10 ng / mL. The first method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing the PSCs, preferably the hiPSCs in the culture medium as described above for a period of time allowing HSC and myeloid priming or until HSC and myeloid priming is achieved. The first method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing the iPSC, or a cell differentiated from the iPSC, under conditions to promote haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and myeloid priming of cells. The iPSC, or the cell differentiated from the iPSC, may be cultured under conditions to promote HSC and myeloid priming of cells for any suitable time. The iPSC, or the cell differentiated from the iPSC, may be cultured under conditions to promote HSC and myeloid priming of cells for at least about at least about 3 days, at least about 4 days, at least about 5 days, at least about 6 days, at least about 7 days, at least about 8 days, at least about 9 days, at least about 10 days, at least about 11 days, or at least about 12 days. The iPSC, or the cell differentiated from the iPSC, may be cultured under conditions to promote HSC and myeloid priming of cells for less than about 20 days, less than about 19 days, less than about 18 days, less than about 17 days, less than about 16 days, less than about 15 days, or less than about 14 days. The iPSC, or the cell differentiated from the iPSC, may be cultured under conditions to promote HSC and myeloid priming of cells for about 3 to about 20 days, about 4 days to about 16 days, or about 5 days to about 14 days. The iPSC, or the cell differentiated from the iPSC, may be cultured under conditions to promote HSC and myeloid priming of cells for about 6 days. Preferably, the iPSC, or the cell differentiated from the iPSC, may be cultured under conditions to promote HSC and myeloid priming of cells for 6 days. The first method for producing progenitor cells may further involve refreshing the third medium as described above. Preferably, the third medium is half (1 / 2) refreshed on day 8 and / or day 10. Without being bound by theory, the inventors hypothesise that APEL2, P / S, BMP4, L-AA, SCF, and VEGF may help promote haematopoietic stem cell and myeloid priming of cells. Thus, the method may comprise culturing the iPSC, or a cell differentiated from the iPSC, in the presence of APEL2, P / S, BMP4, L-AA, SCF, and VEGF to promote haematopoietic stem cell and myeloid priming of the cell. Preferably, the method may comprise culturing a cell differentiated from the iPSC in the presence of APEL2, P / S, BMP4, L-AA, SCF, and VEGF to promote haematopoietic stem cell and myeloid priming of the cell. Without being bound by theory, the inventors hypothesise that SB203580, GM-CSF, IL-3 and G-CSF may help promote haematopoietic stem cell and myeloid priming of cells. Thus, the method may comprise culturing the iPSC, or a cell differentiated from the iPSC, in the presence of SB203580, GM-CSF, IL-3, and / or G-CSF. The method may comprise culturing the iPSC, or a cell differentiated from the iPSC, in the presence of SB203580, GM-CSF, IL-3 and G-CSF. For example, the method may comprise culturing a cell differentiated from the iPSC in the presence of SB203580, GM-CSF, IL-3 and G-CSF. The method may comprise culturing the iPSC, or a cell differentiated from the iPSC, in the presence of SB203580, GM- CSF, IL-3 and G-CSF to promote haematopoietic stem cell and myeloid priming of the cell. Preferably, the method may comprise culturing a cell differentiated from the iPSC in the presence of SB203580, GM-CSF, IL-3 and G-CSF to promote haematopoietic stem cell and myeloid priming of the cell. The method may comprise culturing the iPSC, or a cell differentiated from the iPSC in the presence of APEL2, P / S, BMP4, L-AA, SCF, VEGF, SB203580, GM-CSF, IL-3 and / or G- CSF. The method may comprise culturing the iPSC, or a cell differentiated from the iPSC in the presence of APEL2, P / S, BMP4, L-AA, SCF, VEGF, SB203580, GM-CSF, IL-3 and G- CSF. Preferably, the method may comprise culturing a cell differentiated from the iPSC in the presence of APEL2, P / S, BMP4, L-AA, SCF, VEGF, SB203580, GM-CSF, IL-3 and G-CSF. For example, the method may comprise culturing a cell differentiated from the iPSC in the presence of APEL2, P / S, BMP4, L-AA, SCF, VEGF, SB203580, GM-CSF, IL-3 and G-CSF to promote haematopoietic stem cell and myeloid priming of the cell. In one aspect, the first method for producing progenitor cells as described above may be carried out as set out below: D (u dr aa yti so )nProtocol (P1)Cell culture medium comprising one or more components selected from: APEL2 (components and concentrations described herein), P / S (components and concentrations described herein), BMP4 (at concentration of 0.2ng to 200 ng / ml, preferably 20ng / ml), STEP 1 L-AA (at concentration of 20 uM to 2000 uM, preferably 200uM), Day 0, Day 2 ROCKi (at a concentration of 1 uM to 100 uM, preferably 10uM), (½) SCF (at a concentration of 4 ng / ml to 400 ng / ml, preferably 40ng / ml), VEGF (at a concentration of 2 ng / ml to 200 ng / ml, preferably 20ng / ml). bFGF (at a concentration of 0.5 to 50 ng / ml, preferably 5ng / ml), and inhibitor of GSK-3 (preferably CHIR99021 at a concentration of 0.3 uM to 30 uM, preferably 3uM). Cell culture medium comprising one or more components selected from: APEL2 (components and concentrations described herein), P / S (components and concentrations described herein), BMP4 (at concentration of 1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, preferably 10ng / ml), L-AA (at concentration of 20 uM to 2000 uM, preferably 200uM), STEP 2 SCF (at concentration of 4 ng / ml to 400 ng / ml, preferably 40ng / ml), Day 3 VEGF (at concentration of 2 ng / ml to 200 ng / ml, preferably 20ng / ml), IGF-1 (at concentration of 10 ng / ml to 1000 ng / ml, preferably 100ng / ml), RA (at concentration of 0.1 nM to 10 nM, preferably 1 nM), IL-6 (at concentration of 1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, preferably 10ng / ml), and beta-estradiol (at concentration of 0.5 nM to 50 nM, preferably 5 nM). Cell culture medium comprising one or more components selected from: APEL2 (components and concentrations described herein), P / S (components and concentrations described herein), BMP4 (at concentration of 1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, preferably 10ng / ml), L-AA (at concentration of 20 uM to 2000 uM, preferably 200uM), STEP 3 SCF (at concentration of 4 ng / ml to 40 ng / ml, preferably 40ng / ml), Day 6, Day 8 VEGF (at concentration of 2 ng / ml to 200 ng / ml, preferably 20ng / ml), (½), Day 10 inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase (preferably SB203580 at concentration (½) of 0.125 uM to 12.5 uM, preferably 1.25 uM), GM-CSF (at concentration of 1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, preferably 10 ng / ml), IL-3 (at concentration of 1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, preferably 10 ng / ml), and G-CSF (at concentration of 1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, preferably 10 ng / ml). In one aspect, the invention further provides a second method for producing progenitor cells suitable for use in the method for producing granulocytes and precursors thereof as described above. The second method for producing progenitor cells comprises culturing PSCs or iPSCs, preferably hiPSCs, in the first culture medium of the first method described herein for producing progenitor cells. The second method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing the PSCs, preferably the hiPSCs in the culture medium as described above for a period of time allowing mesoderm induction or until mesoderm induction is achieved. The second method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing the PSCs, preferably the hiPSCs in the culture medium for the same period of time as for the first method for producing progenitor cells as described herein, thereby allowing or achieving mesoderm induction. The second method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing the PSCs, preferably the hiPSCs in the culture medium for 1 day or 2 days, preferably 2 days, thereby allowing or achieving mesoderm induction. The second method for producing progenitor cells may further involve refreshing the medium as described above on the first day and / or on the second day, preferably on the second day. Preferably, the medium may be ½ refreshed with the same medium on the second day. The second method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing PSC, preferably hiPSCs in second culture medium comprising one or more components selected from BMP4, L-AA, SCF, VEGF, IGF-1, RA, IL-6, and beta-estradiol. The BMP4 may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 1 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 5 ng / ml. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL or more. For example, the BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 4 ng / mL or more, about 6 ng / mL or more, about 8 ng / mL or more, or about 10 ng / mL or more. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 200 ng / mL or less. For example, the BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 160 ng / mL or less, about 120 ng / mL or less, about 80 ng / mL or less, or about 40 ng / mL or less. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL to about 200 ng / mL, about 4 ng / mL to about 160 ng / mL, about 6 ng / mL to about 120 ng / mL, about 8 ng / mL to about 80 ng / mL, or about 10 ng / mL to about 40 ng / mL. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL or about 20 ng / mL. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 20 ng / mL. Preferably, the BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of 20 ng / mL. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL. Preferably, the BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of 10 ng / mL. The L-AA may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 20 uM, e.g. at a concentration of at least 100 uM. The L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 20 μM or more. For example, the L- AA may be provided at a concentration of about 40 μM or more, about 60 μM or more, about 80 μM or more, or about 100 μM or more. The L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 2,000 μM or less. For example, the L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 1,600 μM or less, about 1,200 μM or less, about 800 μM or less, or about 400 μM or less. The L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 20 μM to about 2,000 μM, about 40 μM to about 1,600 μM, about 60 μM to about 1,200 μM, about 80 μM to about 800 μM, or about 100 μM to about 400 μM. The L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 200 μM. Preferably, the L-AA may be provided at a concentration of 200 μM. The SCF may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 4 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 20 ng / ml. The SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 4 ng / mL or more. For example, the SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 8 ng / mL or more, about 12 ng / mL or more, about 16 ng / mL or more, or about 20 ng / mL or more. The SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 400 ng / mL or less. For example, the SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 320 ng / mL or less, about 240 ng / mL or less, about 160 ng / mL or less, or about 80 ng / mL or less. The SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 4 ng / mL to about 400 ng / mL, about 8 ng / mL to about 320 ng / mL, about 12 ng / mL to about 240 ng / mL, about 16 ng / mL to about 160 ng / mL, or about 20 ng / mL to about 80 ng / mL. The SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 40 ng / mL. Preferably, the SCF may be provided at a concentration of 40 ng / mL. The VEGF may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 2 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 10 ng / ml. The VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL or more. For example, the VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 4 ng / mL or more, about 6 ng / mL or more, about 8 ng / mL or more, or about 10 ng / mL or more. The VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 200 ng / mL or less. For example, the VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 160 ng / mL or less, about 120 ng / mL or less, about 80 ng / mL or less, or about 40 ng / mL or less. The VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL to about 200 ng / mL, about 4 ng / mL to about 160 ng / mL, about 6 ng / mL to about 120 ng / mL, about 8 ng / mL to about 80 ng / mL, or about 10 ng / mL to about 40 ng / mL. The VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 20 ng / mL. Preferably, the VEGF may be provided at a concentration of 20 ng / mL. The IGF-1 may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 10 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 50 ng / ml. The IGF-1 may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL or more. For example, the IGF-1 may be provided at a concentration of about 20 ng / mL or more, about 30 ng / mL or more, about 40 ng / mL or more, or about 50 ng / mL or more. The IGF-1 may be provided at a concentration of about 1,000 ng / mL or less. For example, the IGF-1 may be provided at a concentration of about 800 ng / mL or less, about 600 ng / mL or less, about 400 ng / mL or less, or about 200 ng / mL or less. The IGF-1 may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL to about 1,000 ng / mL, about 20 ng / mL to about 800 ng / mL, about 30 ng / mL to about 600 ng / mL, about 40 ng / mL to about 400 ng / mL, or about 50 ng / mL to about 200 ng / mL. The IGF-1 may be provided at a concentration of about 100 ng / mL. Preferably, the IGF-1 may be provided at a concentration of 100 ng / mL. The RA may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 0.1 nM, e.g. at a concentration of at least 0.5 nM. The RA may be provided at a concentration of about 0.1 nM or more. For example, the RA may be provided at a concentration of about 0.2 nM or more, about 0.3 nM or more, about 0.4 nM or more, or about 0.5 nM or more. The RA may be provided at a concentration of about 10 nM or less. For example, the RA may be provided at a concentration of about 8 nM or less, about 6 nM or less, about 4 nM or less, or about 2 nM or less. The RA may be provided at a concentration of about 0.1 nM to about 10 nM, about 0.2 nM to about 8 nM, about 0.3 nM to about 6 nM, about 0.4 nM to about 4 nM, or about 0.5 nM to about 2 nM. The RA may be provided at a concentration of about 1 nM. Preferably, the RA may be provided at a concentration of 1 nM. The IL-6 may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 1 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 5 ng / ml. The IL-6 may be provided at a concentration of about 1 ng / mL or more. For example, the IL-6 may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL or more, about 3 ng / mL or more, about 4 ng / mL or more, or about 5 ng / mL or more. The IL-6 may be provided at a concentration of about 100 ng / mL or less. For example, the IL-6 may be provided at a concentration of about 80 ng / mL or less, about 60 ng / mL or less, about 40 ng / mL or less, or about 20 ng / mL or less. The IL-6 may be provided at a concentration of about 1 ng / mL to about 100 ng / mL, about 2 ng / mL to about 80 ng / mL, about 3 ng / mL to about 60 ng / mL, about 4 ng / mL to about 40 ng / mL, or about 5 ng / mL to about 20 ng / mL. The IL-6 may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL. Preferably, the IL-6 may be provided at a concentration of 10 ng / mL. The beta-estradiol may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 0.5 nM, e.g. at a concentration of at least 2.5 nM. The beta-estradiol may be provided at a concentration of about 0.5 nM or more. For example, the beta-estradiol may be provided at a concentration of about 1 nM or more, about 1.5 nM or more, about 2 nM or more, or about 2.5 nM or more. The beta-estradiol may be provided at a concentration of about 50 nM or less. For example, the beta-estradiol may be provided at a concentration of about 40 nM or less, about 30 nM or less, about 20 nM or less, or about 10 nM or less. The beta-estradiol may be provided at a concentration of about 0.5 nM to about 50 nM, about 1 nM to about 40 nM, about 1.5 nM to about 30 nM, about 2 nM to about 20 nM, or about 2.5 nM to about 10 nM. The beta-estradiol may be provided at a concentration of about 5 nM. Preferably, the RA may be provided at a concentration of 5 nM. The second method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing the PSCs, preferably the hiPSCs in the culture medium as described above for a period of time allowing hemogenic endothelium and endothelial to hematopoietic transition or until hemogenic endothelium and endothelial to hematopoietic transition is achieved. The second method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing the PSCs, preferably the hiPSCs in the culture medium for the same period of time as for the first method for producing progenitor cells as described herein, thereby allowing or achieving hemogenic endothelium and endothelial to hematopoietic transition. The second method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing the PSCs, preferably hiPSCs in the culture medium as described above for up to 3 days, for instance 1 day, 2 days, or 3 days, preferably 3 days, thereby allowing or achieving hemogenic endothelium and endothelial to hematopoietic transition. The second method for producing progenitor cells may further involve refreshing medium as described above. Preferably, the medium is no refreshed during this period of time. The second method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing PSC, preferably hiPSCs in third culture medium comprising one or more components selected from BMP4, L-AA, SCF, VEGF, IL-3, IL-6, thrombopoietin (TPO), and Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L). The BMP4 may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 1 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 5 ng / ml. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL or more. For example, the BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 4 ng / mL or more, about 6 ng / mL or more, about 8 ng / mL or more, or about 10 ng / mL or more. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 200 ng / mL or less. For example, the BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 160 ng / mL or less, about 120 ng / mL or less, about 80 ng / mL or less, or about 40 ng / mL or less. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL to about 200 ng / mL, about 4 ng / mL to about 160 ng / mL, about 6 ng / mL to about 120 ng / mL, about 8 ng / mL to about 80 ng / mL, or about 10 ng / mL to about 40 ng / mL. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL or about 20 ng / mL. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 20 ng / mL. Preferably, the BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of 20 ng / mL. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL. Preferably, the BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of 10 ng / mL. The L-AA may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 20 uM, e.g. at a concentration of at least 100 uM. The L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 20 μM or more. For example, the L- AA may be provided at a concentration of about 40 μM or more, about 60 μM or more, about 80 μM or more, or about 100 μM or more. The L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 2,000 μM or less. For example, the L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 1,600 μM or less, about 1,200 μM or less, about 800 μM or less, or about 400 μM or less. The L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 20 μM to about 2,000 μM, about 40 μM to about 1,600 μM, about 60 μM to about 1,200 μM, about 80 μM to about 800 μM, or about 100 μM to about 400 μM. The L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 200 μM. Preferably, the L-AA may be provided at a concentration of 200 μM. The SCF may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 4 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 20 ng / ml. The SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 4 ng / mL or more. For example, the SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 8 ng / mL or more, about 12 ng / mL or more, about 16 ng / mL or more, or about 20 ng / mL or more. The SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 400 ng / mL or less. For example, the SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 320 ng / mL or less, about 240 ng / mL or less, about 160 ng / mL or less, or about 80 ng / mL or less. The SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 4 ng / mL to about 400 ng / mL, about 8 ng / mL to about 320 ng / mL, about 12 ng / mL to about 240 ng / mL, about 16 ng / mL to about 160 ng / mL, or about 20 ng / mL to about 80 ng / mL. The SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 40 ng / mL. Preferably, the SCF may be provided at a concentration of 40 ng / mL. The VEGF may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 2 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 10 ng / ml. The VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL or more. For example, the VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 4 ng / mL or more, about 6 ng / mL or more, about 8 ng / mL or more, or about 10 ng / mL or more. The VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 200 ng / mL or less. For example, the VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 160 ng / mL or less, about 120 ng / mL or less, about 80 ng / mL or less, or about 40 ng / mL or less. The VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL to about 200 ng / mL, about 4 ng / mL to about 160 ng / mL, about 6 ng / mL to about 120 ng / mL, about 8 ng / mL to about 80 ng / mL, or about 10 ng / mL to about 40 ng / mL. The VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 20 ng / mL. Preferably, the VEGF may be provided at a concentration of 20 ng / mL. The IL-3 may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 0.5 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 2.5 ng / ml. The IL-3 may be provided at a concentration of about 0.5 ng / mL or more. For example, the IL-3 may be provided at a concentration of about 1 ng / mL or more, about 1.5 ng / mL or more, about 2 ng / mL or more, or about 2.5 ng / mL or more. The IL-3 may be provided at a concentration of about 50 ng / mL or less. For example, the IL-3 may be provided at a concentration of about 40 ng / mL or less, about 30 ng / mL or less, about 20 ng / mL or less, or about 10 ng / mL or less. The IL-3 may be provided at a concentration of about 0.5 ng / mL to about 50 ng / mL, about 1 ng / mL to about 40 ng / mL, about 2.5 ng / mL to about 30 ng / mL, about 2 ng / mL to about 20 ng / mL, or about 2.5 ng / mL to about 10 ng / mL. The IL-3 may be provided at a concentration of about 5 ng / mL. Preferably, the IL-3 may be provided at a concentration of 5 ng / mL. The IL-6 may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 1 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 5 ng / ml. The IL-6 may be provided at a concentration of about 1 ng / mL or more. For example, the IL-6 may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL or more, about 3 ng / mL or more, about 4 ng / mL or more, or about 5 ng / mL or more. The IL-6 may be provided at a concentration of about 100 ng / mL or less. For example, the IL-6 may be provided at a concentration of about 80 ng / mL or less, about 60 ng / mL or less, about 40 ng / mL or less, or about 20 ng / mL or less. The IL-6 may be provided at a concentration of about 1 ng / mL to about 100 ng / mL, about 2 ng / mL to about 80 ng / mL, about 3 ng / mL to about 60 ng / mL, about 4 ng / mL to about 40 ng / mL, or about 5 ng / mL to about 20 ng / mL. The IL-6 may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL. Preferably, the IL-6 may be provided at a concentration of 10 ng / mL. The TPO may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 1 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 5 ng / ml. The TPO may be provided at a concentration of about 1 ng / mL or more. For example, the TPO may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL or more, about 3 ng / mL or more, about 4 ng / mL or more, or about 5 ng / mL or more. The TPO may be provided at a concentration of about 100 ng / mL or less. For example, the TPO may be provided at a concentration of about 80 ng / mL or less, about 60 ng / mL or less, about 40 ng / mL or less, or about 20 ng / mL or less. The TPO may be provided at a concentration of about 1 ng / mL to about 100 ng / mL, about 2 ng / mL to about 80 ng / mL, about 3 ng / mL to about 60 ng / mL, about 4 ng / mL to about 40 ng / mL, or about 5 ng / mL to about 20 ng / mL. The TPO may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL. Preferably, the TPO may be provided at a concentration of 10 ng / mL. The FLT3L may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 2 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 10 ng / ml. The FLT3L may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL or more. For example, the FLT3L may be provided at a concentration of about 4 ng / mL or more, about 6 ng / mL or more, about 8 ng / mL or more, or about 10 ng / mL or more. The FLT3L may be provided at a concentration of about 200 ng / mL or less. For example, the FLT3L may be provided at a concentration of about 160 ng / mL or less, about 120 ng / mL or less, about 80 ng / mL or less, or about 40 ng / mL or less. The FLT3L may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL to about 200 ng / mL, about 4 ng / mL to about 160 ng / mL, about 6 ng / mL to about 120 ng / mL, about 8 ng / mL to about 80 ng / mL, or about 10 ng / mL to about 40 ng / mL. The FLT3L may be provided at a concentration of about 20 ng / mL. Preferably, the FLT3L may be provided at a concentration of 20 ng / mL. The second method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing the PSCs, preferably the hiPSCs in the culture medium as described above for a period of time allowing HSC and myeloid priming or until HSC and myeloid priming is achieved. The second method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing the PSCs, preferably the hiPSCs in the culture medium for the same period of time as for the first method for producing progenitor cells as described herein, thereby allowing or achieving HSC and myeloid priming. The second method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing the PSCs, preferably hiPSCs in the culture medium as described above for up to 6 days, for instance 1 day, 2 days, or 3 days, or 4 days, or 5 days, or 6 days, preferably 6 days, thereby allowing or achieving HSC and myeloid priming. The second method for producing progenitor cells may further involve refreshing medium as described above. Preferably, the medium is half refreshed at day 8 and / or day 10. In one aspect, the second method for producing progenitor cells as described above may be carried out as set out below: Duration (Days) Protocol (P3) STEP 1 As P1 Day 0, Day 2 (½) STEP 2 Cell culture medium comprising one or more components Day 3 selected from: APEL2 (components and concentrations described herein). P / S (components and concentrations described herein).BMP4 (at concentration of 1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, preferably 10 ng / ml), L-AA (at concentration of 20 uM to 2000 uM, preferably 200 uM), SCF (at concentration of 4 ng / ml to 400 ng / ml, preferably 40 ng / ml), VEGF (at a concentration of 2 ng / ml to 200 ng / ml, preferably 20 ng / ml), IGF-1 (at a concentration of 10 ng / ml to 1000 ng / ml, preferably 100 ng / ml), RA (at a concentration of 0.1 nM to 10 NM, preferably 1 nM), IL-6 (at a concentration of 1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, preferably 10ng / ml), and beta-estradiol (at a concentration of 0.5 nM to 50 nM, preferably 5 nM). STEP 3 Cell culture medium comprising one or more components Day 6, Day 8 (½), selected from: Day 10 (½) APEL2 (components and concentrations described herein). P / S (components and concentrations described herein). BMP4 (at concentration of 1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, preferably 10 ng / ml), L-AA (at concentration of 20 uM to 2000 uM, preferably 200 uM), SCF (at concentration of 4 ng / ml to 400 ng / ml, preferably 40 ng / ml), VEGF (at concentration of 2 ng / ml to 200 ng / ml, preferably 20ng / ml), IL-3 (at concentration of 0.5 ng / ml to 50 ng / ml, preferably 5 ng / ml), IL-6 (at concentration of 0.1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, preferably 10 ng / ml), TPO (at concentration of 0.1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, preferably 10 ng / ml), and FMS-like Tyrosine Kinase 3 Ligand (FLT3L) (at concentration of 2 ng / ml to 200 ng / ml, preferably 20ng / ml). In one aspect, the invention further provides a third method for producing progenitor cells suitable for use in the method for producing granulocytes and precursors thereof as described above. The third method for producing progenitor cells comprises culturing PSCs or iPSCs, preferably hiPSCs, in the first culture medium of the first method as described above for producing progenitor cells. The third method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing the PSCs, preferably the hiPSCs in the culture medium as described above for a period of time allowing mesoderm induction or until mesoderm induction is achieved. The third method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing the PSCs, preferably the hiPSCs in the culture medium for the same period of time as for the first method for producing progenitor cells as described herein, thereby allowing or achieving mesoderm induction. The third method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing the PSCs, preferably the hiPSCs in the culture medium for I day or 2 days, preferably 2 days, thereby allowing or achieving mesoderm induction. The third method for producing progenitor cells may further involve refreshing the medium as described above on the first day and / or on the second day, preferably on the second day. Preferably, the medium may be ½ refreshed with the same medium on the second day. The third method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing PSC, preferably hiPSCs in the second culture medium of the first method as described above for producing progenitor cells. The third method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing the PSCs, preferably the hiPSCs in the culture medium as described above for a period of time allowing hemogenic endothelium and endothelial to hematopoietic transition or until hemogenic endothelium and endothelial to hematopoietic transition is achieved. The third method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing the PSCs, preferably the hiPSCs in the culture medium for the same period of time as for the first method for producing progenitor cells as described herein, thereby allowing or achieving hemogenic endothelium and endothelial to hematopoietic transition. The third method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing the PSCs, preferably the hiPSCs in the culture medium for up to 3 days, e.g. for 1 day or 2 days or 3 days, preferably 3 days, thereby allowing or achieving hemogenic endothelium and endothelial to hematopoietic transition. The third method for producing progenitor cells may further involve refreshing the medium as described above. Preferably the medium is not refreshed. The third method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing PSC, preferably hiPSCs in the third culture medium comprising one or more components selected from BMP4, L-AA, SCF, VEGF, bFGF, and inhibitor of the activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) receptor. The BMP4 may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 1 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 5 ng / ml. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL or more. For example, the BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 4 ng / mL or more, about 6 ng / mL or more, about 8 ng / mL or more, or about 10 ng / mL or more. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 200 ng / mL or less. For example, the BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 160 ng / mL or less, about 120 ng / mL or less, about 80 ng / mL or less, or about 40 ng / mL or less. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL to about 200 ng / mL, about 4 ng / mL to about 160 ng / mL, about 6 ng / mL to about 120 ng / mL, about 8 ng / mL to about 80 ng / mL, or about 10 ng / mL to about 40 ng / mL. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL or about 20 ng / mL. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 20 ng / mL. Preferably, the BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of 20 ng / mL. The BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL. Preferably, the BMP4 may be provided at a concentration of 10 ng / mL. The L-AA may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 20 uM, e.g. at a concentration of at least 100 uM. The L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 20 μM or more. For example, the L- AA may be provided at a concentration of about 40 μM or more, about 60 μM or more, about 80 μM or more, or about 100 μM or more. The L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 2,000 μM or less. For example, the L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 1,600 μM or less, about 1,200 μM or less, about 800 μM or less, or about 400 μM or less. The L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 20 μM to about 2,000 μM, about 40 μM to about 1,600 μM, about 60 μM to about 1,200 μM, about 80 μM to about 800 μM, or about 100 μM to about 400 μM. The L-AA may be provided at a concentration of about 200 μM. Preferably, the L-AA may be provided at a concentration of 200 μM. The SCF may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 4 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 20 ng / ml. The SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 4 ng / mL or more. For example, the SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 8 ng / mL or more, about 12 ng / mL or more, about 16 ng / mL or more, or about 20 ng / mL or more. The SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 400 ng / mL or less. For example, the SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 320 ng / mL or less, about 240 ng / mL or less, about 160 ng / mL or less, or about 80 ng / mL or less. The SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 4 ng / mL to about 400 ng / mL, about 8 ng / mL to about 320 ng / mL, about 12 ng / mL to about 240 ng / mL, about 16 ng / mL to about 160 ng / mL, or about 20 ng / mL to about 80 ng / mL. The SCF may be provided at a concentration of about 40 ng / mL. Preferably, the SCF may be provided at a concentration of 40 ng / mL. The VEGF may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 2 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 10 ng / ml. The VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL or more. For example, the VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 4 ng / mL or more, about 6 ng / mL or more, about 8 ng / mL or more, or about 10 ng / mL or more. The VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 200 ng / mL or less. For example, the VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 160 ng / mL or less, about 120 ng / mL or less, about 80 ng / mL or less, or about 40 ng / mL or less. The VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL to about 200 ng / mL, about 4 ng / mL to about 160 ng / mL, about 6 ng / mL to about 120 ng / mL, about 8 ng / mL to about 80 ng / mL, or about 10 ng / mL to about 40 ng / mL. The VEGF may be provided at a concentration of about 20 ng / mL. Preferably, the VEGF may be provided at a concentration of 20 ng / mL. The bFGF may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 1 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 5 ng / ml. The bFGF may be provided at a concentration of about 1 ng / mL or more. For example, the bFGF may be provided at a concentration of about 2 ng / mL or more, about 3 ng / mL or more, about 4 ng / mL or more, or about 5 ng / mL or more. The bFGF may be provided at a concentration of about 100 ng / mL or less. For example, the bFGF may be provided at a concentration of about 80 ng / mL or less, about 60 ng / mL or less, about 40 ng / mL or less, or about 20 ng / mL or less. The bFGF may be provided at a concentration of about 1 ng / mL to about 100 ng / mL, about 2 ng / mL to about 80 ng / mL, about 3 ng / mL to about 60 ng / mL, about 4 ng / mL to about 40 ng / mL, or about 5 ng / mL to about 20 ng / mL. The bFGF may be provided at a concentration of about 10 ng / mL. Preferably, the bFGF may be provided at a concentration of 10 ng / mL. The inhibitor of ALK receptor may be selected from SB431542 (4-[4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5- (2-pyridinyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]benzamide), SB-505124 (2-[4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(1,1- dimethylethyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl]-6-methylpyridine), Galunisertib (4-(5,6-Dihydro-2-(6-methyl- 2-pyridinyl)-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazol-3-yl)-6-quinolinecarboxamide or LY2157299), TEW- 7197 ((S)-1-((S)-2-{[1-(4-amino-3-chlorophenyl)methanoyl]amino}-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl)- pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid or Vactosertib), GW6604 ((2S)-2-[4-(4-(1H-imidazol-1- yl)phenyl)-2-methylphenyl]propanoic acid), NEX002 ((S)-1-((S)-2-{[(1-(4-amino-3- chlorophenyl)methanoyl]amino}-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), XMU- MP-5 (2-(dimethylamino)-1-(6-((4-((2-(isopropylsulfonyl)amino)-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3- yl)methyl)thio)-2-methylphenyl)thio)ethanol), and APG-2449 (N-(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)- N'-(2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea). Preferably, the inhibitor of ALK receptor is SB431542. The inhibitor of ALK receptor may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 1 uM, e.g. at a concentration of at least 5 uM. The inhibitor of ALK receptor may be provided at a concentration of about 1 μM or more. For example, the inhibitor of ALK receptor may be provided at a concentration of about 2 μM or more, about 3 μM or more, about 4 μM or more, or about 5 μM or more. The inhibitor of ALK receptor may be provided at a concentration of about 100 μM or less. For example, the inhibitor of ALK receptor may be provided at a concentration of about 80 μM or less, about 60 μM or less, about 40 μM or less, or about 20 μM or less. The inhibitor of ALK receptor may be provided at a concentration of about 1 μM to about 100 μM, about 2 μM to about 80 μM, about 3 μM to about 60 μM, about 4 μM to about 40 μM, or about 5 μM to about 20 μM. The inhibitor of ALK receptor may be provided at a concentration of about 10 μM. Preferably, the inhibitor of ALK receptor may be provided at a concentration of 10 μM. The SB431542 may be present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 1 uM, e.g. at a concentration of at least 5 uM. The SB431542 may be provided at a concentration of about 1 μM or more. For example, the SB431542 may be provided at a concentration of about 2 μM or more, about 3 μM or more, about 4 μM or more, or about 5 μM or more. The SB431542 may be provided at a concentration of about 100 μM or less. For example, the SB431542 may be provided at a concentration of about 80 μM or less, about 60 μM or less, about 40 μM or less, or about 20 μM or less. The SB431542 may be provided at a concentration of about 1 μM to about 100 μM, about 2 μM to about 80 μM, about 3 μM to about 60 μM, about 4 μM to about 40 μM, or about 5 μM to about 20 μM. The SB431542 may be provided at a concentration of about 10 μM. Preferably, the SB431542 may be provided at a concentration of 10 μM. The third method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing the PSCs, preferably the hiPSCs in the culture medium as described above for a period of time allowing HSC and myeloid priming or until HSC and myeloid priming is achieved. The third method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing the PSCs, preferably the hiPSCs in the culture medium for the same period of time as for the first method for producing progenitor cells as described herein, thereby allowing or achieving HSC and myeloid priming. The Third method for producing progenitor cells may further comprise culturing the PSCs, preferably hiPSCs in the culture medium as described above for up to 6 days, for instance 1 day, 2 days, or 3 days, or 4 days, or 5 days, or 6 days, preferably 6 days, thereby allowing or achieving HSC and myeloid priming. The third method for producing progenitor cells may further involve refreshing medium as described above. Preferably, the medium is half refreshed at day 8 and / or day 10. In one aspect, the third method for producing progenitor cells as described above may be carried out as set out below: Duration Protocol (P4) (Days) STEP 1 As P1 Day 0, Day 2 (½) STEP 2 As P1 Day 3 STEP 3 Cell culture medium comprising one or more components selected Day 6, Day 8 from: (½), Day 10 APEL2 (components and concentrations described herein), (½) P / S (components and concentrations described herein), BMP4 (at concentration of 0.1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, preferably 10 ng / ml), L-AA (at concentration of 20 uM to 2000 uM, preferably 200 uM), SCF (at concentration of 4 ng / ml to 400 ng / ml, preferably 40 ng / ml), VEGF (at concentration of 2 ng / ml to 200 ng / ml, preferably 20 ng / ml), bFGF (at contentration of 1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, preferably 10 ng / ml), and inhibitor of ALK receptor ([preferably SB431542] at concentration of 1 uM to 100 uM, preferably 10 uM). Protocol P1, Protocol P3, and Protocol P4 can be used interchangeably to produce progenitor cells, preferably protocol P1 is used. Steps 1, 2, and 3 of protocol P1, Protocol P3, and Protocol P4 can be used interchangeably to produce progenitor cells suitable for use in the method of the invention. Preferably, steps 1, 2, and 3 of Protocol P1 are used to produce progenitor cells suitable for use in the method of the invention, which is to produce granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) and / or precursors thereof. Steps 1, 2, 3 of protocol P1 may replace steps 1, 2, 3, in Protocol 3 and vice versa and may be a suitable method to produce progenitor cells for use in the method of the invention, which is to produce granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) and / or precursors thereof. Steps 1, 2, 3 of protocol P1 may replace steps 1, 2, 3, in Protocol 4 and vice versa and may be a suitable method to produce progenitor cells for use in the method of the invention, which is to produce granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) and / or precursors thereof. Steps 1, 2, 3 of protocol P3 may replace steps 1, 2, 3 in Protocol 4 and vice versa and may be a suitable method to produce progenitor cells for use in the method of the invention, which is to produce granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) and / or precursors thereof. Components of the cell culture media in protocol P1, P3 and P4 may be added or may be present in the cell culture medium as described above. Cell culture medium may be fully refreshed, or half (1 / 2) refreshed as taught above. Preferably, the method for producing progenitor cells is carried out according to the first method for producing progenitor cells as described herein and / or according to protocol P1. In one aspect, the present invention provides a population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof (e.g. a plurality of populations). In one aspect, the present invention provides a population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof (e.g. a plurality of populations) obtainable by a method of the invention. In one aspect, the present invention provides a plurality of populations of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof obtainable by the methods of the invention. The term “obtainable” as used herein may mean obtained. A granulocyte and / or precursor thereof of the invention may increase and / or improve a therapeutic immune response, e.g. in a subject to which the granulocyte and / or precursor thereof has been administered. A granulocyte and / or precursor thereof of the invention may induce proliferation and / or activation of one or more immune cells. The immune cells may be T cells (e.g. CD+ T cells or CD8+ T cells) and / or natural killer (NK) cells. A granulocyte and / or precursor thereof of the invention may induce proliferation of T cells and / or NK cells. The induced proliferation of CD8+ T cells and / or NK cells may be in the absence of OKT3. A granulocyte and / or precursor thereof of the invention may activate T cells and / or NK cells. The activation of CD4+ and / or CD8+ T cells may be in the absence of OKT3. A granulocyte and / or precursor thereof of the invention may have cytotoxic capacity or cell killing activity against cancer cells. A granulocyte and / or precursor thereof of the invention may have phagocytic activity against a pathogen cells. A granulocyte and / or precursor thereof of the invention may release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) upon stimulation. A granulocyte and / or precursor thereof of the invention may have one or more morphological features of a neutrophil. Each population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof as described herein may have a unique phenotypic profile as described below. Phenotypic profiles may be assessed in various ways, including for instance morphological assessment (e.g. shape and size of cells, nucleus form, etc), gene expression analysis (e.g. expression of lineage specific genes or mRNA etc.), proteomic analysis, functional analysis (e.g. ability to engage in phagocytosis, Netosis, cytotoxicity against cancers cells, etc) cell surface marker analysis and others. These techniques can be used alone or in combination, preferably in combination, to obtain a more comprehensive assessment of a given phenotypic profile. The term “cell surface marker(s)” as used herein refers to proteins, glycoproteins, or carbohydrates or other molecules expressed on the outer membrane of a cell (e.g. immune cells). Cell surface markers are often used, alone or in combination, to identify, distinguish different type of immune, assess differentiation and maturation stage, and / or to assess phenotypically profile (e.g. phenotypic analysis using techniques such as flow cytometry and cell sorting assays) on granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) or precursors thereof. Non-limiting examples of cell surface markers include “Clusters of Differentiation” (CD) markers. “CD” represents a standardised nomenclature system commonly used in the field of immunology. Non-limiting examples of CD markers include CD45, CD15, CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4. For instance, an immune cell such as a granulocyte (e.g. neutrophils) or precursors thereof may express or lack one or more cell surface markers (e.g.CD) such as those described herein. Non-limiting examples of CD markers are described below: CD18 (also known as integrin beta chain-2 subunit) is a component of the β2 integrin family of adhesion molecules. CD18 can form heterodimers with various alpha chains (e.g. CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, and CD11d) to create integrins such as LFA-1 (CD11a / CD18) and Mac-1 (CD11b / CD18), which may be beneficial for leukocyte adhesion, migration, and signalling during immune responses. CD18 may play a role in adhesion and migration of granulocytes such as neutrophils. High levels of CD18 may be typically associated with mature granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils). For instance, in iPSC-derived granulocytes, this may suggest that the cells have undergone proper differentiation and are functionally competent (e.g. having enhanced adhesion and migration capability). Low or absent CD18 expression may be typically associated with immature granulocytes. For instance, in iPSC-derived cultures, this may indicate cells that have not yet fully committed to the granulocytes lineage or are still in early developmental stages. Medium levels of CD18 may suggest that the granulocytes are at an intermediate stage of maturation. These cells may possess some functional capabilities but are not fully mature. CD49d (also known as integrin alpha-4 (ITGA4)) is a member of the integrin family of adhesion molecules. CD49d can form heterodimers with CD29 (integrin beta-1) to create the VLA-4 (very late antigen-4) complex, which may play a role in the adhesion and migration of leukocytes, including granulocytes and neutrophils. CD49d may be used as a marker of immaturity, and its expression decreases as neutrophils mature. High expression levels of CD49d may typically be associated with immature granulocytes. High expression of CD49d in immature granulocytes and neutrophils derived from iPSCs may indicate enhanced capability for adhesion, migration, immune activation, and proangiogenic activity. Low expression levels of CD49d may be typically associated with mature granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) and can be indicative of enhanced functional capacity (e.g. phagocytosis, cytotoxicity against cancer cells). Medium levels of expression may be typically associated with granulocytes that are at an intermediate stage of maturation and may have the capacity to undergo further differentiation and maturation in response to appropriate signals. CD11b (also known as ITGAM or Complement receptor 3 or integrin alpha M subunit, MO1A, MAC1A, SLEB6 or Mac-1) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the integrin family. It may form a heterodimer with the CD18 (integrin beta 2) subunit, creating the Mac-1 (or CR3) integrin complex. CD11b may be typically expressed on the surface of myeloid cells, including monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, and neutrophils, both in vivo and in iPSC-derived granulocytes. The Mac-1 complex with CD18 (CD11b / CD18), which may play a role in granulocyte (antimicrobial functions (e.g. by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS)) as well as in phagocytosis. CD11b may also mediate neutrophil adhesion, migration, and tissue recruitment during inflammation. High levels of CD11b may typically be associated with activated and mature granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils with enhanced adhesion, migration, and phagocytic capacity). For instance, in iPSC-derived granulocytes, high levels of CD11b may indicate that the cells may be fully differentiated and ready to respond to inflammatory signals. Low or absent CD11b expression may be typically associated with immature granulocytes. For instance, in iPSC-derived granulocytes, this may indicate cells that have not yet fully committed to the neutrophil lineage or are still in early developmental stages. Medium levels of CD11b may suggest that the neutrophils are at an intermediate stage of maturation. These cells may possess some functional capabilities but are not fully mature. CD66b (also known as carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 8 (CEACAM8)) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein that belongs to the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family. It may be expressed on human granulocytes, including neutrophils and eosinophils, and serves as a marker of cell activation. CD66b may also play a role in the migration and adhesion of granulocytes (such as neutrophils) to endothelial cells as well as in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are web-like structures that trap pathogens. High levels of CD66b may be typically associated with fully mature and activated granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils). For instance, in iPSC-derived granulocytes, this may indicate that the cells have undergone proper differentiation and are functionally competent. Low or absent CD66b expression is typically associated with immature granulocytes. For instance, in iPSC-derived cultures, this may indicate cells that have not yet fully committed to the neutrophil lineage or are still in early developmental stages. Medium levels of CD66b may suggest that the neutrophils are at an intermediate stage of maturation. Such cells may possess some functional capabilities but are not fully mature. CD40 is a type I transmembrane protein that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. CD40 may play a role in the activation, maturation, and functional enhancement of granulocytes and neutrophils derived from iPSCs. High CD40 expression levels in granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) may typically indicate a fully activated state of granulocytes and neutrophils, suggesting readiness to respond to immune challenges. This state may be associated with enhanced effector functions, including increased phagocytosis and cytokine production. Low CD40 expression levels may be typically associated with an immature or resting state of granulocytes or neutrophils. This may be seen in early progenitor cells. Medium CD40 expression levels may be typically associated with an intermediate activation state, where granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) may be primed for action but not fully activated. This may also indicate that the granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) are at an intermediate stage of maturation. CXCL10 (also known as C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 or Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) or small-inducible cytokine B10) is a chemokine that is secreted by various cell types, including granulocytes (e.g. activated neutrophils). Its primary function may act as a chemoattractant, guiding immune cells, particularly T cells, NK cells, and monocytes, to sites of inflammation or infection. High levels of CXCL10 expression in granulocytes and neutrophils derived from iPSCs may be typically associated with a mature, activated state of these cells. Furthermore, high CXCL10 levels may be typically associated with the ability to recruit other immune cells, particularly T cells and NK cells, to sites of inflammation via the CXCR3 receptor. Low levels of CXCL10 expression, for instance in iPSC-derived granulocytes and neutrophils, may indicate an immature or precursor state of these cells. Medium levels of CXCL10 expression may be typically associated with a transitional state between immature and mature granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils). CD11c (also known as complement receptor 4, integrin alpha X subunit (ITGAX)) is a type I transmembrane protein that may form a heterodimeric complex with the CD18 (ITGB2) subunit and may be involved in various functions related to phagocytosis, migration and cell adhesion (e.g. binds to ICAM-1, ICAM-2, ICAM-4, and VCAM-1CD71). High levels of CD11c expression may be typically associated with mature, activated granulocytes and neutrophils derived from iPSCs, for instance, while low levels of CD11c expression may be typically associated with immature or precursor granulocytes and neutrophils. Medium levels of CD11c expression may reflect an intermediate maturity state between immature and mature neutrophils. CD71 (also known as the transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1)), is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that may play a role in iron uptake and is involved in various cellular processes, including proliferation and differentiation. CD71 may also serve as a marker of immaturity as it is often associated with immature granulocytes. CD71 may also be used as a marker of proliferation and activation. High levels of CD71 expression are typically associated with immature granulocytes. In certain contexts, such as in cancer, high CD71 expression levels on granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) may indicate pro-tumoral capabilities. Low levels of CD71 expression may be typically associated with fully mature granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils). These cells may typically exhibit higher expression of other cell surface markers associated with maturity, such as CD16 and CD10, and may be more functionally competent in their roles, including effective phagocytosis and cytokine production. Medium levels of CD71 expression may reflect a transitional state between immature and mature neutrophils. These cells may be in the process of maturation, exhibiting some characteristics of both immature and mature populations. This state may indicate a readiness to respond to inflammatory signals while still retaining some progenitor traits. CD206 (also known as the mannose receptor or cluster of differentiation 206) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that may function as a pattern recognition receptor on the surface of various immune cells, including granulocytes. The engagement of CD206 may enhance the phagocytic activity of granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) by binding to glycosylated ligands on pathogens to facilitate their uptake and destruction, which is essential for clearing infections. High levels of CD206 expression may be typically associated with mature, phagocytic, and anti-inflammatory granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils). Low levels of CD206 expression may be typically associated with immature or granulocyte precursors with reduced functionality. Medium levels of CD206 expression may reflect an intermediate maturity state between immature and mature granulocytes (neutrophils). These cells may be in the process of maturation, exhibiting some characteristics of both immature and mature populations. CD34 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that may serve as a marker for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, including those that give rise to granulocytes. It may be typically expressed on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitor cells derived thereof, and may play a role in cell adhesion, migration, and the regulation of hematopoiesis. High levels of CD34 expression may be typically associated with immature neutrophil progenitors and precursor cells derived from iPSCs. CD34 positive cells represent the earliest stages of granulocytes and neutrophil development, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and HSC derived multipotent progenitor cells that have not yet committed to the granulocyte (e.g. neutrophil) lineage. Low or absent CD34 expression levels may be characteristic of fully mature, functional granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) derived from iPSCs, for instance. As granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) complete their development, they may typically lose CD34 and acquire other markers of maturity such as CD16 and CD10. Medium levels of CD34 expression may indicate a transitional state between immature progenitor cells and mature neutrophils. These cells may possess characteristics of both immature and more differentiated populations. HLA-DR (Human Leukocyte Antigen - DR isotype, which is also known as TAN or MHC class II), is a class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule that may play a crucial role in antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells. In the context of immune cells (e.g. granulocytes), HLA-DR may serve as a marker for antigen presentation capacity. High levels of HLA-DR expression on granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) may be typically associated with an activated state, e.g. ability to present antigens to CD4+ T cells. Low levels of HLA-DR expression may be typically associated with immature or resting granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils). Medium levels of HLA-DR expression may suggest a transitional state between activation and resting phases. Granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) displaying this level of expression may be in the process of maturation or activation, which may reflect a readiness to respond to inflammatory signals without being fully activated. CXCR2 (C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2, which is also known as interleukin 8 receptor or CD182) is a G protein-coupled receptor that may play a role in the immune response, e.g. in the regulation of granulocyte function and migration. It may be typically expressed on the surface of granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) and other myeloid cells. High levels of CXCR2 expression may be typically associated with mature and activated granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils capable of responding effectively to inflammatory signals and migrating to sites of infection or injury). Low levels of CXCR2 expression may be typically associated with immature or resting granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils with reduced functionality and less effective at responding to inflammatory signals). Medium levels of CXCR2 expression may indicate a transitional state between activation and resting phases. Granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) in this category may be partially activated or in the process of maturing, which may indicate some readiness to respond to inflammatory signals. CD16 (also known as FcgammaR3) is a type I transmembrane protein. CD16 may play a role in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), e.g. by enhancing phagocytic activity, and activating granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils). High levels of CD16 expression may be typically associated with mature granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils). These cells may be more functionally competent and capable of performing essential immune functions, such as phagocytosis and the release of cytotoxic substances. Low levels of CD16 expression may be generally associated with immature or less functional granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils). Medium levels of CD16 expression may indicate a transitional state between immature and mature neutrophils. These cells may be in the process of maturation, reflecting a mixed functional capacity. FasL (also known as Fas ligand or CD95 ligand) is a type II transmembrane protein that may play a role in apoptosis, recruitment, and regulation of inflammation. High levels of FASL expression may be typically associated with activated and mature granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils capable of inducing apoptosis in other immune cells, particularly T cells, through the FAS / FASL pathway). Low levels of FASL expression may be typically associated with immature or resting granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils). These cells may not yet have acquired the full range of functional capabilities associated with mature neutrophils. Medium levels of FASL expression may indicate a transitional state between activation and resting phases. For instance, granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) within this category may retain some characteristics of both immature and mature cells and may be partially activated, reflecting some readiness to engage in immune responses without being fully committed to apoptosis. TRAIL (also known as tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand), is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily that may play a role in immune regulation (e.g. may influence the activation and differentiation of various immune cell types, including T cells and dendritic cells and apoptosis). In the context of immune cells (e.g. granulocytes such as neutrophils), TRAIL may be a marker of apoptosis regulation and may play a role in modulating neutrophil lifespan (as it may be able to induce apoptosis in neutrophils), enhancing cytotoxic activity against certain target cells, and influencing inflammatory responses. High levels of TRAIL expression may be typically associated with mature, functionally competent granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils capable of inducing apoptosis in target cells, such as tumor cells, through the TRAIL pathway). Low or absent levels of TRAIL expression may be typically associated with immature or less functional granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils). These cells may not yet have acquired the full range of functional capabilities associated with mature granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) and may have reduced apoptosis- inducing ability. Medium levels of TRAIL expression may indicate a transitional state between immature and mature granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils). These cells may be in the process of maturation, reflecting some readiness to engage in immune responses while still being capable or less able of apoptosis. Elastase (ELANE) is a serine protease enzyme primarily produced by granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils). It may play a role in the immune response by degrading extracellular matrix such as elastin and other extracellular matrix proteins, which may be useful for tissue remodelling and inflammation. Elastase released by granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) may also selectively kills a wide range of cancer cells while sparing healthy cells. High levels of elastase expression may be typically associated with mature granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils capable of degrading extracellular matrix components). Low levels of elastase in granulocytes may indicate that these cells are immature and may have not fully developed into functional neutrophils. Medium levels of elastase expression may indicate a transitional state between immature and fully mature neutrophils. These cells may be in the process of maturation and may have some functional capabilities, but not to the extent of fully mature granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils). CD102 (also known as ICAM-2) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and may play a role in the immune regulation, e.g. the context of leukocyte adhesion and migration. For instance, CD10 may facilitate the adhesion of granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) to endothelial cells and their subsequent migration across the endothelial barrier (trans- endothelial migration or diapedesis) during the inflammatory response. High levels of CD10 expression may be typically associated with mature and activated granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils capable of adhering to endothelial cells and migrating to sites of inflammation). Low levels of CD102 expression are typically associated with immature or less functional granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils that may not have fully developed the mechanisms necessary for effective adhesion and migration). Medium levels of CD102 expression may indicate a transitional state between immature and mature granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils). These cells may be partially activated and capable of some adhesion and migration but may not exhibit the full functional capabilities of fully mature granulocytes and neutrophils. CXCR4 (also known as CXC chemokine receptor type 4 or CD184) is a chemokine (G protein-coupled) receptor that may bind to the chemokine CXCL12 (also known as stromal cell-derived receptor) and may play a role in the migration, trafficking, and retention of various immune cells such as granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils). High levels of CXCR4 expression may be typically associated with mature and activated granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils capable of responding effectively to inflammatory signals and migrating to sites of infection or injury). Low levels of CXCR4 expression may be typically associated with immature or resting granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils having reduced functionality and less effective in responding to inflammatory signals). Medium levels of CXCR4 expression may indicate a transitional state between activation and resting phases of granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils). Granulocytes and neutrophils in this category may be partially activated or in the process of maturing, reflecting some readiness to respond to inflammatory signals. CD177 (also known as neutrophil antigen 1 (NA1), is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)- anchored membrane protein that may be typically expressed on granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils). CD177 may play a role in various immune functions, such as activation, differentiation, and migration of myeloid lineage cells, including neutrophils. High levels of CD177 expression may be typically associated with mature granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils). For instance, CD177 may be typically observed on mature CD11b+CD16+ neutrophils, also known as segmented neutrophils. Low levels of CD177 expression may be typically associated with immature granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils). Medium levels of CD177 expression may indicate a transitional state between immature and mature granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils). These cells may be in the process of maturation, reflecting some readiness to engage in immune responses. CD15 (known as Sialyl LewisX or X-hapten) may be typically used as a marker for granulocytes. CD15 may typically be the earliest markers expressed on developing granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils), with expression levels decreasing as they mature. For instance, immature neutrophils may express CD15 along with CD11b, followed by an increase in the expression of CD16 and CD10 as they mature. High levels of CD15 expression may be typically associated with immature granulocytes. Low levels of CD15 expression may be typically associated with mature granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils). Medium levels of CD15 expression may indicate a transitional state between immature and mature granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils). These cells may be in the process of maturation, with decreasing CD15 expression as they acquire other maturity markers. CD45 (also known as the leukocyte common antigen (LCA)) is a transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase that may be expressed on the surface of all nucleated cells of hematopoietic origin (except for mature erythrocytes and plasma cells). CD45 may play a role in the proper functioning of granulocytes (e.g., neutrophils), as it may regulate their activation, migration, and response to inflammatory signals. High levels of CD45 expression may be typically associated with activated granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils that are functionally competent neutrophils and ready to engage in immune responses such being capable of engaging in phagocytosis and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines). Low levels of CD45 expression may be typically associated with immature or resting granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils that may not be fully developed or equipped to respond effectively to inflammatory stimuli). Medium levels of CD45 expression may indicate a transitional state between resting and fully activated granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils that may be partially activated or in the process of maturing, reflecting some readiness to respond to inflammatory signals). CD14 is a glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in the innate immune system, that may primarily function as a co-receptor for the detection of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and other pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). CD14 is not typically used as a marker to assess maturity in granulocytes and neutrophils. High CD14 expression levels is not typically associated with mature granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) derived from iPSCs. If observed, high CD14 levels may suggest incomplete differentiation or the presence of contaminating monocyte / macrophage-like cells in the neutrophil population. Low or absent CD14 expression levels may be typically associated with mature granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) derived from iPSCs, for instance. Medium CD14 expression levels on granulocytes (e.g. neutrophils) may indicate a transitional state. The term “myeloperoxidase (MPO)” as used herein refers to a MPO a heme-containing peroxidase enzyme predominantly expressed in neutrophils. MPO may be stored in the azurophilic granules of neutrophils and may be released during the process of degranulation, contributing to the neutrophil's ability to kill pathogens and modulate inflammatory responses. The presence of MPO may often be used to identify and characterize granulocytes, particularly neutrophils. It may also be useful to distinguish these granulocytes from other types of leukocytes due to its specific expression in neutrophils. Cell surface marker analysis, using flow cytometry techniques for instance, is well known by the skilled person in the field and is commonly used to obtain phenotypic profiling of iPSC- or progenitor cells-derived granulocytes (or precursors thereof). Such techniques may be useful to help distinguish populations of cells, identify the differentiation stage, lineage, gain information on potential functionality, etc. For instance, cell surface markers including CD45, CD33, CD15, CD11b, CD66b, CD14, CD16, CD10, and CD177 can be used, alone or in combination, to assess different stages of differentiation as follows (as non-limiting examples): CD45 (a pan-leukocyte (including granulocytes) marker) may be used as a marker of hematopoietic cells; CD33 may be used as a marker of myeloid progenitor cells; CD15 (granulocyte-specific marker) may be used as a marker of myeloid cells from the promyelocyte stage onwards, including neutrophils; CD11b may be used as a marker of myeloid lineage, including granulocytes CD66b may be used as a marker of granulocytes, including neutrophils; CD14 may be used as a marker of monocytes; CD16 may be used as a marker of neutrophils; CD10 may be used as a marker of neutrophils and CD177 may be used as a marker of neutrophils. For instance, a panel of cell surface markers including CD45, CD11b, CD16, CD6b, and CD15 may be used to confirm leukocyte lineage (white blood cell lineage) (CD45), assess activation and maturity of granulocytes (CD11b), confirm neutrophil identity (CD16), and identify granulocytes (CD66b and CD15). Additionally, other markers such as elastase and myeloperoxidase (MPO) may be used for phenotypic profiling. In the context of the present invention, phenotypic profiles were obtained using cell surface marker analysis using a broad panel of cells surface markers and other markers (as shown in Table below). Markers 1. CD18 2. CD49d 3. CD11b 4. CD66b 5. CD40 6. CXCL10 7. CD11c 8. CD71 9. CD14 10. CD206 11. CD34 12. HLA-DR 13. CXCR2 14. CD16 15. FasL 16. TRAIL 17. Elastase 18. CD102 19. CXCR4 20. Elastase 21 MPO Table. List of markers, used alone or in various combination, to perform phenotypic analysis. For instance, phenotypic analyses using the markers of the Table above, alone or in combination, led to the identification of populations of cells (non-limiting results) as described herein. Thus, in one aspect, the invention relates to a population comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population is positive for CD15 (CD15+). In one aspect, the invention relates to a population comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population is positive for CD45 (CD45+). In one aspect, the invention relates to a population comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population is negative for CD15 (CD15-). In one aspect, the invention relates to a population comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population is double positive for CD15 and CD66b (CD15+ / CD66b+). In one aspect, the invention relates to a population CD15+ / CD11b+ comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population is double positive for CD15 and CD11b (CD15+ / CD11b+). In one aspect, the invention relates to a population comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population is triple positive for CD45, CD15 and CD11b (CD45+ / CD15+ / CD11b+). In one aspect, the invention relates to a population comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population is triple positive for CD45, CD15 and CD66b (CD45+ / CD15+ / CD66b+). In one aspect, the invention relates to a population comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population is double positive for CD15 and CD177 (CD15+ / CD177+). In one aspect, the invention relates to a population CD45+ / CD15+ / CD177+ comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population is triple positive for CD45, CD15 and CD177 (CD45+ / CD15+ / CD177+). In one aspect, the invention relates to a population CD15+ / CD18+ comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population is double positive for CD15 and CD18 (CD15+ / CD18+). In one aspect, the invention relates to a population comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population is triple positive for CD45, CD15 and CD18 (CD45+ / CD15+ / CD18+). In one aspect, the invention relates to a population comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population is double positive for CD15 and CD40 (CD15+ / CD40+). In one aspect, the invention relates to a population comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population is triple positive for CD45, CD15, CD40 (CD45+ / CD15+ / DC40+). In one aspect, the invention relates to a population comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population is double positive for CD15 and CD14 (CD15+ / CD14+). In one aspect, the invention relates to a population CD45+ / CD15+ / CD14+ comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population is triple positive for CD45, CD15 and CD14 (CD45+ / CD15+ / CD14+). In one aspect, the invention relates to a population comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population is double positive for CD15 and CD16 (CD15+ / CD16+). In one aspect, the invention relates to a population comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population is triple positive for CD45, CD15 and CD16 (CD45+ / CD15+ / CD16+). In one aspect, the invention relates to a population comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population is triple positive for CD15, CD11b and CD66b (CD15+ / CD11b+ / CD66b+). In one aspect, the invention relates to a population comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population is positive for CD45, CD15, CD11b and CD66b (CD45+ / CD15+ / CD11b+ / CD66b+). In one aspect, the invention relates to a population comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population is positive for CD15, CD11b, CD66b, CD18, CD49d and CD40 (CD15+ / CD11b+ / CD66b+ / CD18+ / CD49d+ / CD40+). In one aspect, the invention relates to a population comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population is positive for CD45, CD15, CD11b, CD66b, CD18, CD49d and CD40 (CD45+ / CD15+ / CD11b+ / CD66b+ / CD18+ / CD49d+ / CD40+). In one aspect, the invention relates to a population comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population is negative for CD15 and positive for CD49d (CD15- / CD49d+). In one aspect, the invention relates to a population comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population is negative for CD15 and positive for CD18 (CD15- / CD18+). In one aspect, the invention relates to a population comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population is negative for CD15 and double positive for CD49d and CD18 (CD15- / CD49d+ / CD18+). In one aspect, the invention relates to a population comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population is negative for CD15 and double positive for CD45 and CD49d (CD15- / CD45+ / CD49d). In one aspect, the invention relates to a population comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population is negative for CD15 and double positive for CD45 and CD18 (CD15- / CD45+ / CD18+). In one aspect, the invention relates to a population comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population is negative for CD15 and triple positive for CD45, CD49d, and CD18 (CD15- / CD45+ / CD49d+ / CD18+). Where a population comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof is described herein to have a particular marker profile (e.g. wherein the population is negative for CD15 and triple positive for CD45, CD49d, and CD18), it is not intended to mean that a single granulocyte and / or precursor thereof need necessarily have said marker profile, although this is encompassed. For example, where a population is negative for CD15 and triple positive for CD45, CD49d, and CD18, a subpopulation may be negative for CD15, a different subpopulation may be positive for CD45, a yet different subpopulation may be positive for CD49d, and a yet different subpopulation may be positive for CD18. However, it is preferred that a single granulocyte and / or precursor thereof exhibits the maker profile of the given population, e.g. the single granulocyte and / or precursor thereof may be CD15- / CD45+ / CD49d+ / CD18+. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from population CD15+ may be positive for one or more cell surface markers (“markers”) selected from CD45, CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177 and CXCR4 or may be negative for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD45, CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177 and CXCR4. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from population CD45+ may further be positive for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD15, CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177 and CXCR4 or may be negative for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD15, CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177 and CXCR4. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from population CD15- may be positive for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD45, CD49d, CD18, CXCR4, CD71, CD34, CD11c, CD40, CD11b, TRAIL, CXCL10, HLA-DR, CD14, CD206, CXCR2, CD102, CD66b, FasL, CD177, and CD16 or may be negative for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD45, CD49d, CD18, CXCR4, CD71, CD34, CD11c, CD40, CD11b, TRAIL, CXCL10, HLA-DR, CD14, CD206, CXCR2, CD102, CD66b, FasL, CD177, and CD16. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from population CD15+ / CD66b+ may be positive for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD45, CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4or may be negative for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD45, CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177 and CXCR4. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from population CD15+ / CD11b+ may be positive for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD45, CD18, CD49d, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4 or may be negative for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD45, CD18, CD49d, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from population CD45+ / CD15+ / CD11b+ may be positive for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4 or may be negative for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from population CD45+ / CD15+ / CD66b+ may be positive for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4 or may be negative for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from population CD45+ / CD15+ / CD11b+ may be positive for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4 or may be negative for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from population CD15+ / CD177+ may be positive for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD45, CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, and CXCR4 or may be negative for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD45, CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, and CXCR4. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from population CD45+ / CD15+ / CD177+ may be positive for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, and CXCR4 or may be negative for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, and CXCR4. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from population CD15+ / CD18+ may be positive for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD45, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4 or may be negative for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD45, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from population CD45+ / CD15+ / CD18+ may be positive for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4 or may be negative for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from population CD15+ / CD40+ may be positive for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD45, CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4 or may be negative for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD45, CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from population CD45+ / CD15+ / DC40+ may be positive for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4 or may be negative for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from population CD15+ / CD14+ may be positive for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD45, CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4 or may be negative for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD45, CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from population CD45+ / CD15+ / CD14+ may be positive for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4 or may be negative for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from population CD15+ / CD16+ may be positive for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD45, CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4 or may be negative for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD45, CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from population CD45+ / CD15+ / CD16+ may be positive for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4 or may be negative for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from population CD15+ / CD11b+ / CD66b+ may be positive for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD45, CD18, CD49d, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4 or may be negative for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD45, CD18, CD49d, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from population CD45+ / CD15+ / CD11b+ / CD66b+ may be positive for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4 or may be negative for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from population CD15+, CD11b+, CD66b+, CD18+, CD49d+ and CD40+ may be positive for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD45, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4 or may be negative for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD45, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from population CD45+ / CD15+, CD11b+, CD66b+, CD18+, CD49d+ and CD40+ may be positive for one or more cell surface markers selected from CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4 or may be negative for one or more cell surface markers selected from CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from population CD15- / CD49d+ may be positive for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD45, CD18, CXCR4, CD71, CD34, CD11c, CD40, CD11b, TRAIL, CXCL10, HLA-DR, CD14, CD206, CXCR2, CD102, CD66b, FasL, CD177, and CD16 or may be positive for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD45, CD18, CXCR4, CD71, CD34, CD11c, CD40, CD11b, TRAIL, CXCL10, HLA-DR, CD14, CD206, CXCR2, CD102, CD66b, FasL, CD177, and CD16. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from population CD15- / CD18+ may be positive for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD45, CD49d, CXCR4, CD71, CD34, CD11c, CD40, CD11b, TRAIL, CXCL10, HLA-DR, CD14, CD206, CXCR2, CD102, CD66b, FasL, CD177, and CD16 or may be negative for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD45, CD49d, CXCR4, CD71, CD34, CD11c, CD40, CD11b, TRAIL, CXCL10, HLA- DR, CD14, CD206, CXCR2, CD102, CD66b, FasL, CD177, and CD16. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from population CD15- / CD49d+ / CD18+ may be positive for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD45, CXCR4, CD71, CD34, CD11c, CD40, CD11b, TRAIL, CXCL10, HLA-DR, CD14, CD206, CXCR2, CD102, CD66b, FasL, CD177, and CD16 or may be negative for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD45, CXCR4, CD71, CD34, CD11c, CD40, CD11b, TRAIL, CXCL10, HLA-DR, CD14, CD206, CXCR2, CD102, CD66b, FasL, CD177, and CD16. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from population CD15- / CD45+ / CD49d may be positive for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD18, CXCR4, CD71, CD34, CD11c, CD40, CD11b, TRAIL, CXCL10, HLA-DR, CD14, CD206, CXCR2, CD102, CD66b, FasL, CD177, and CD16 or may be negative for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD18, CXCR4, CD71, CD34, CD11c, CD40, CD11b, TRAIL, CXCL10, HLA-DR, CD14, CD206, CXCR2, CD102, CD66b, FasL, CD177, and CD16. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from population CD15- / CD45+ / CD18+ may be positive for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD49d, CXCR4, CD71, CD34, CD11c, CD40, CD11b, TRAIL, CXCL10, HLA-DR, CD14, CD206, CXCR2, CD102, CD66b, FasL, CD177, and CD16 or may be negative for one or more cell surface markers selected from CD49d, CXCR4, CD71, CD34, CD11c, CD40, CD11b, TRAIL, CXCL10, HLA-DR, CD14, CD206, CXCR2, CD102, CD66b, FasL, CD177, and CD16. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from population CD15- / CD45+ / CD49d+ / CD18+ may be positive for one or more cell surface markers selected from CXCR4, CD71, CD34, CD11c, CD40, CD11b, TRAIL, CXCL10, HLA-DR, CD14, CD206, CXCR2, CD102, CD66b, FasL, CD177, and CD16 or may be negative for one or more cell surface markers selected from CXCR4, CD71, CD34, CD11c, CD40, CD11b, TRAIL, CXCL10, HLA-DR, CD14, CD206, CXCR2, CD102, CD66b, FasL, CD177, and CD16. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from any one of populations above may further express elastase. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from any one of populations above may further lack the capability to express elastase. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from any one of populations above may further express MPO. The granulocytes and / or precursors thereof from any one of populations above may further lack the capability to express MPO. In one aspect, the invention provides one or more populations of granulocytes and / or precursors. The granulocytes and / or precursors of the invention may comprise neutrophils. In one aspect, the invention provides one or more populations of granulocytes and precursors thereof obtainable by the methods of the invention. The granulocytes and precursors thereof obtainable by the methods of the invention may comprise neutrophils. In one aspect, the invention provides a population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein: (a) at least 75%, preferably at least 80% to 95% or more of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CD18+; (b) at least 65%, preferably at least 70% to 80% or more of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CD49d+; (c) at least 45%, preferably at least 50% to 60% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CD11b+; (d) at least 35%, preferably at least 40% to 50% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CD40+; (e) at least 45%, preferably at least 50% to 60% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CD66b+; (f) at least 25%, preferably at least 30% to 40% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CD11c+; (g) at least 25%, preferably at least 30% to 40% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CXCL10+; (h) at least 15%, preferably at least 20% to 30% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CD71+; (i) at least 5%, preferably at least 10% to 20% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CD34+; (j) at least 3%, preferably at least 5% to 10% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CXCR4+; (k) at least 5%, preferably at least 10% to 20% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CD14+; (l) at least 5%, preferably at least 10% to 20% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CD206+; (m) at least 5%, preferably at least 10% to 20% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are HLA-DR+; (n) at least 4%, preferably at least 5% to 10% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are TRAIL+; (o) at least 10%, preferably at least 10% to 15% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CXCR2+; (p) at least 5%, preferably at least 10% to 20% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CD16+; (q) at least 4%, preferably at least 5% to 10% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are FasL+; (r) at least 4%, preferably at least 5% to 10% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CD102+; and / or (s) at least 4%, preferably at least 5% to 10% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are Elastase+. In one aspect, the invention provides a population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof wherein: (a) at least 70%, preferably at least 75% to 85% or more of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CD18+; (b) at least 75%, preferably at least 80% to 90% or more of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CD49d+; (c) at least 5%, preferably at least 10% to 20% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CD11b+; (d) at least 10%, preferably at least 15% to 25% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CD40+; (e) at least 1%, preferably at least 1% to 5% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CD66b+; (f) at least 10%, preferably at least 15% to 25% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CD11c+; (g) at least 4%, preferably at least 5% to 15% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CXCL10+; (h) at least 10%, preferably at least 15% to 25% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CD71+; (i) at least 10%, preferably at least 15% to 25% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CD34+; (j) at least 25%, preferably at least 30% to 40% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CXCR4+; (k) at least 1%, preferably at least 1% to 10% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CD14+; (l) at least 1%, preferably at least 1% to 10% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CD206+; (m) at least 3%, preferably at least 5% to 15% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are HLA-DR+; (n) at least 5%, preferably at least 10% to 20% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are TRAIL+; (o) at least 1%, preferably at least 1% to 10% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CXCR2+; (p) less than 1%, preferably less than 0.5% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CD16+; (q) less than 1%, preferably less than 0.75% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are FasL+; (r) at least 3%, preferably less than 2,5% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CD102+; and / or (s) less than 1%, preferably less than 0.5% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are Elastase+. One or more of the populations of the invention as described herein may be harvested or isolated after at least 25 days of differentiation. One or more of the populations as described above may be isolated upon harvest and may be subsequently frozen and thawed later for further uses or kept in suspension for further uses, e.g. such as for therapeutic use or for making a therapeutic composition or for the manufacturing of a medicament). In one aspect, the invention provides a population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof wherein: (a) at least 75%, preferably at least 80% to 95% or more of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CD18+; (b) at least 30%, preferably at least 35% to 45% or more of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CD49d+; (c) at least 55%, preferably at least 60% to 75% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CD11b+; (d) at least 25%, preferably at least 30% to 45% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CD40+; (e) at least 45%, preferably at least 50% to 65% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CD66b+; (f) at least 30%, preferably at least 35% to 45% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CD11c+; (g) less than 3%, preferably less than 2% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CXCL10+; (h) at least 5%, preferably at least 10% to 20% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CD71+; (i) at least 10%, preferably at least 15% to 25% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CD34+; (j) less than 10%, preferably less than 6% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CXCR4+; (k) at least 45%, preferably at least 50% to 60% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CD14+; (l) less than 5%, preferably less than 1% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CD206+; (m) less than 5%, preferably less than 3% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are HLA-DR+; (n) less than 5%, preferably less than 1% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are TRAIL+; (o) less than 5%, preferably less than 3% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CXCR2+; (p) at least 40%, preferably at least 45% to 55% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CD16+; (q) at least 5%, preferably at least 10% to 20% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are FasL+; (r) less than 5%, preferably less than 1% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are CD102+; and / or (s) at least 25%, preferably at least 30% to 40% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof positive for CD15 are Elastase+. In one aspect, the invention provides a population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof wherein: (a) at least 25%, preferably at least 30% to 40% or more of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CD18+; (b) at least 55%, preferably at least 60% to 75% or more of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CD49d+; (c) at least 2%, preferably at least 1% to 10% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CD11b+; (d) at least 5%, preferably at least 10% to 25% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CD40+; (e) less than 2%, preferably less than 1% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CD66b+; (f) at least 1%, preferably at least 5% to 10% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CD11c+; (g) at least 1%, preferably at least 3% to 5% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CXCL10+; (h) at least 25%, preferably at least 30% to 40% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CD71+; (i) at least 15%, preferably at least 20% to 30% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CD34+; (j) at least 25%, preferably at least 30% to 40% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CXCR4+; (k) at least 5%, preferably at least 6% to 15% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CD14+; (l) less than 5%, preferably less than 1% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CD206+; (m) at least 1%, preferably at least 3% to 10% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are HLA-DR+; (n) at least 1%, preferably at least 2% to 5% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are TRAIL+; (o) less than 5%, preferably less than 1% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CXCR2+; (p) less than 1%, preferably less than 0.5% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CD16+; (q) less than 2%, preferably less than 1% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are FasL+; (r) at least 2%, preferably less than 1% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are CD102+; and / or (s) at least 5%, preferably at least 1% to 10% of the cells in the population of granulocytes and precursors thereof negative for CD15 are Elastase+. One or more of the populations of the invention, as described herein, may be harvested or isolated after at least 39 days of differentiation. One or more of the populations as described above may be isolated upon harvest and may be subsequently frozen and thawed later for further uses or kept in suspension for further uses, e.g. such as for therapeutic use or for making a therapeutic composition or for the manufacturing of a medicament). One or more of the populations as described above may be combined to provide a further population of granulocytes and precursors thereof. One or more of the populations as described herein may be comprised in a composition, preferably a pharmaceutical composition. One or more of the populations as described herein and compositions thereof may be for one or more therapeutic uses as described herein and / or for the manufacturing of a medicament. In one aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof obtainable by the methods of the invention. In one aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof of the invention. In one aspect, the invention provides a composition comprising one or more of the populations granulocytes and / or precursors thereof as described herein. Said one or more of the populations granulocytes and / or precursors thereof may be obtainable by a method of the invention. In one aspect, the invention provides a composition comprising a) a population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population comprises the marker profile CD45+ / CD15+ / CD11b+; and / or b) a population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population comprises the marker profile CD45+ / CD15+ / CD66b+; and / or c) a population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population comprises the marker profile CD45+ / CD15+ / CD18+; and / or d) a population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population comprises the marker profile CD45+ / CD15+ / CD49d+; and / or e) a population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population comprises the marker profile CD45+ / CD15+ / CD40+; and / or f) a population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population comprises the marker profile CD45+ / CD15+ / CD177+; and / or g) a population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population comprises the marker profile CD45+ / CD15+ / CD16+; and / or h) a population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population comprises the marker profile CD45+ / CD15+ / CD14+; and / or i) a population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population comprises the marker profile CD45+ / CD15- / CD49d+; and / or j) a population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population comprises the marker profile CD45+ / CD15- / CD18. The population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to a) may further comprise one or more markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to b) may further comprise one or more markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to c) may further comprise one or more markers selected from CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to d) may further comprise one or more markers selected from CD18, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to e) may further comprise one or more markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to f) may further comprise one or more markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA- DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, and CXCR4; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to g) may further comprise one or more markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4 and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to h) may further comprise one or more markers selected from CD45, CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to i) may further comprise one or more markers selected from CD18, CXCR4, CD71, CD34, CD11c, CD40, CD11b, TRAIL, CXCL10, HLA-DR, CD14, CD206, CXCR2, CD102, CD66b, FasL, CD177, and CD16; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to j) may further comprise one or more markers selected from CD49d, CXCR4, CD71, CD34, CD11c, CD40, CD11b, TRAIL, CXCL10, HLA-DR, CD14, CD206, CXCR2, CD102, CD66b, FasL, CD177, and CD16. The population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to a) may lack one or more markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to b) may lack one or more markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to c) may lack one or more markers selected from CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to d) may lack one or more markers selected from CD18, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to e) may lack or more markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to f) may lack one or more markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, and CXCR4; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to g) may lack one or more markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4 and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to h) may lack one or more markers selected from CD45, CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to i) may lack one or more markers selected from CD18, CXCR4, CD71, CD34, CD11c, CD40, CD11b, TRAIL, CXCL10, HLA-DR, CD14, CD206, CXCR2, CD102, CD66b, FasL, CD177, and CD16; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to j) may lack one or more markers selected from CD49d, CXCR4, CD71, CD34, CD11c, CD40, CD11b, TRAIL, CXCL10, HLA-DR, CD14, CD206, CXCR2, CD102, CD66b, FasL, CD177, and CD16. In one aspect, the invention provides a composition comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof positive for CD 15+ (e.g. after 25 days of culture), wherein: • at least 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD18, • at least 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD49d, • at least 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD11b, • at least 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD66b, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD40, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CXCL10, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD11c, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD71, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD14, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD206, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD34, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express HLA-DR, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CXCR2, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD16, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express FasL, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express TRAIL, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express Elastase, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD102, and / or • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CXCR4. In one aspect, the invention provides a composition comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof positive for CD 15- (e.g. after 25 days of culture), wherein: • at least 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD18, • at least 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD49d, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD11b, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD66b, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD40, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CXCL10, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD11c, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD71, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD14, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD206, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD34, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express HLA-DR, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CXCR2, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD16, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express FasL, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express TRAIL, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express Elastase, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD102, and / or • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CXCR4. In one aspect, the invention provides a composition comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof positive for CD 15+ (e.g. after 39 days of culture), wherein: • at least 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD18, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD49d, • at least 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD11b, • at least 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD66b, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD40, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CXCL10, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD11c, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD71, • at least 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD14, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD206, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD34, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express HLA-DR, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CXCR2, • at least 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD16, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express FasL, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express TRAIL, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express Elastase, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD102, and / or • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CXCR4. In one aspect, the invention provides a composition comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof positive for CD 15- (e.g. after 39 days of culture), wherein: • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD18, • at least 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD49d, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD11b, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD66b, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD40, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CXCL10, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD11c, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD71, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD14, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD206, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD34, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express HLA-DR, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CXCR2, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD16, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express FasL, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express TRAIL, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express Elastase, • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CD102, and / or • less than 50% of the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof express CXCR4. A composition herein may comprise one or more of the population(s) described herein. Any one of the compositions may comprise a second therapeutic agent, e.g. a CAR-T therapeutic agent or a chemotherapeutic agent. Any one of the compositions above may be used in medicine. Any one of the compositions above may be used for treating cancer. Any one of the compositions above may be used for treating an infection. Any one of the compositions above may be used for treating an autoimmune disorder. Preferably, the compositions above are pharmaceutical compositions. A composition used for treatment in accordance with the invention may be a pharmaceutical composition. In one aspect, the invention provides a kit comprising one or more of the compositions and / or populations of cells as descried herein. The kit may comprise instructions for use of the same in medicine, e.g. in treating cancer and / or an infection and / or an autoimmune disorder. In one aspect, the invention provides a composition or a population of cells comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to the invention for use in medicine. In one aspect, the invention provides a composition or a population of cells comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof obtainable by the methods of the invention for use in medicine. In a related aspect the invention provides a method for treating a disorder comprising administering a composition or a population of cells comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to the invention to a subject. In a related aspect the invention provides a method for treating a disorder comprising administering a composition or a population of cells comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof obtainable by a method of the invention to a subject. In a related aspect, the invention provides a use of a composition or a population of cells comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to the invention in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disorder. In a related aspect, the invention provides a use of a composition or a population of cells comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof obtainable by a method of the invention in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disorder. In a related aspect, the invention provides a use of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to the invention in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disorder. In a related aspect, the invention provides a use of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof obtainable by a method of the invention in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disorder. In one aspect, the invention provides a composition or a population comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to the invention for use in treating cancer. In one aspect, the invention provides a composition or a population comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof obtainable by a method of the invention for use in treating cancer. In a related aspect the invention provides a method for treating cancer comprising administering a composition or a population of cells comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to the invention to a subject. In a related aspect the invention provides a method for treating cancer comprising administering a composition or a population of cells comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof obtainable by a method of the invention to a subject. In a related aspect, the invention provides a use of a composition or a population of cells comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to the invention in the manufacture of a medicament for treating cancer. In a related aspect, the invention provides a use of a composition or a population of cells comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof obtainable by a method of the invention in the manufacture of a medicament for treating cancer. In a related aspect, the invention provides a use of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to the invention in the manufacture of a medicament for treating cancer. In a related aspect, the invention provides a use of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof obtainable by a method of the invention in the manufacture of a medicament for treating cancer. The cancer may be a solid tumour cancer. The term “solid tumour cancer” as used herein refers to an abnormal, malignant mass of tissue that does not contain cysts or liquid inclusions. Non-limiting examples of solid tumour cancers include carcinomas, sarcomas, and / or lymphomas. A solid tumour cancer may be a carcinoma. A carcinoma may be selected from one or more of an adenocarcinoma, a basal cell carcinoma, a squamous cell carcinoma, an adenosquamous carcinoma, a renal cell carcinoma, a ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), an invasive ductal carcinoma, an anaplastic carcinoma, a large cell carcinoma, a small cell carcinoma and / or combinations thereof. A carcinoma may also be selected from epithelial neoplasms, squamous cell neoplasms, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell neoplasms, basal cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas (such as Adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS), linitis plastica, vipoma, cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma NOS, adenoid cystic carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, Grawitz tumour), adnexal and skin appendage neoplasms, mucoepidermoid neoplasms, cystic mucinous and serous neoplasms, ductal lobular and medullary neoplasms, acinar cell neoplasms, and / or complex epithelial neoplasms. Alternatively a solid tumour cancer may be a sarcoma. A sarcoma may be selected from Askin's tumour, sarcoma botryoides, chondrosarcoma, Ewing's, malignant hemangioendothelioma, malignant schwannoma, osteosarcoma, or soft tissue sarcomas (including alveolar soft part sarcoma, angiosarcoma, cystosarcoma phyllodes, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), desmoid tumour, desmoplastic small round cell tumour, epithelioid sarcoma, extraskeletal chondrosarcoma, extraskeletal osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST), hemangiopericytoma, hemangiosarcoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, lymphangiosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST), neurofibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and / or synovial sarcoma). Alternatively a solid tumour may be a lymphoma, such as a B-cell lymphoma, a T-cell lymphoma, a NK-cell lymphoma, and / or a Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The granulocytes, granulocytes precursors, neutrophils or combination or mixture thereof, populations of cells, compositions, pharmaceutical composition and / or kit of the invention may be for use in treating one or more cancers selected from head and neck cancer, cervical cancer, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, oesophageal cancer, stomach cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, brain cancer, prostate cancer, myeloma cancer, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), larynx cancer, uterine cancer, and / or breast cancer. Preferably, the cancer is head and neck cancer or cervical cancer. Preferably the granulocytes, granulocyte precursors, neutrophils or combination or mixture thereof, compositions, pharmaceutical composition and / or kit of the invention may be for use in treating pancreatic cancer. The pancreatic cancer may be a pancreatic solid tumour cancer, such as a pancreatic adenocarcinoma (e.g. a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma). In one aspect, the invention provides a composition and / or a population of cells comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof of the invention for use in treating an infection. In one aspect, the invention provides a composition and / or a population of cells comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof obtainable by a method of the invention for use in treating an infection. In a related aspect the invention provides a method for treating an infection, the method comprising administering a composition or a population of cells comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof of the invention to a subject. In a related aspect the invention provides a method for treating an infection, the method comprising administering a composition or a population of cells comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof obtainable by a method of the invention to a subject. In a related aspect, the invention provides a use of a composition or population of cells comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof of the invention in the manufacture of a medicament for treating an infection. In a related aspect, the invention provides a use of a composition or population of cells comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof obtainable by a method of the invention in the manufacture of a medicament for treating an infection. In a related aspect, the invention provides a use of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof of the invention in the manufacture of a medicament for treating an infection. In a related aspect, the invention provides a use of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof obtainable by a method of the invention in the manufacture of a medicament for treating an infection. An infection may be an infection with an infective agent (used synonymously herein with the term “infectious agent”). An infective agent may refer to a bacterium, a fungus, a virus, a macroparasite (e.g. a helminth), or a combination thereof. Preferably, an infective agent is a bacterium or a virus. For example, an infective agent may be a bacterium. Alternatively, an infective agent may be a virus. Preferably, an infective agent is a pathogen. The infection may be one or more selected from bacterial, fungal, viral, macroparasitic, or a combination thereof (preferably bacterial). As used herein the term “pathogen” refers to a microorganism that can cause disease and may also encompass opportunistic pathogens. The pathogen may be one or more selected from a pathogenic bacterium, a pathogenic fungus, a pathogenic virus, a pathogenic macroparasite (e.g. a pathogenic helminth), or a combination thereof. Preferably, the pathogen is a pathogenic bacterium or a pathogenic virus. For example, the pathogen may be a pathogenic bacterium. Alternatively, the pathogen may be a pathogenic virus. As used herein, a “cell infected by an infective agent” refers to a cell that is infected by an intracellular infective agent. Said intracellular infective agent is preferably a pathogen and the cell is therefore a “cell infected by a pathogen”. A cell may be infected by an intracellular bacterium or a virus, preferably a virus. An infective agent may be a Gram-negative bacterium or a Gram-positive bacterium. Preferably, an infective agent is a Gram-positive bacterium, such as a bacterium from the genus Staphylococcus. A bacterium may be selected from one or more of Staphylococcus spp., multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria (MRDGN bacteria), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), Mycobacterium spp., carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) gut bacteria, Acinetobacter spp., Actinomyces spp., Propionibacterium spp., Anaplasma spp., Bacillus spp., Arcanobacterium spp., Bacteroides spp., Bartonella spp., Brucella spp., Yersinia spp., Burkholderia spp., Campylobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., Haemophilus spp., Clostridium spp., Corynebacterium spp., Echinococcus spp., Ehrlichia spp., Enterococcus spp., Rickettsia spp., Fusobacterium spp., Neisseria spp., Klebsiella spp., Helicobacter spp., Escherichia spp., Kingella spp., Legionella spp., Listeria spp., Borrelia spp., Mycoplasma spp., Chlamydia spp., Nocardia spp., Pasteurella spp., Bordetella spp., Prevotella spp., Chlamydophila spp., Coxiella spp., Salmonella spp., Group A Streptococcus spp., Shigella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Treponema spp., Vibrio spp., Francisella spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Ureaplasma spp. The bacterium may be selected from one or more of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, Acinetobacter baumannii, Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces gerencseriae, Propionibacterium propionicus, Bacillus anthracis, Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, Bacillus cereus, Yersinia pestis, Mycobacterium ulcerans, Campylobacter jejuni, Bartonella bacilliformis, Bartonella henselae, Haemophilus ducreyi, Clostridium difficile, Corynebacterium diphtheria, Burkholderia mallei, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Klebsiella granulomatis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Haemophilus influenzae, Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli (e.g. O157:H7, O111 and O104:H4), Kingella kingae, Legionella pneumophila, Listeria monocytogenes, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Neisseria meningitidis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, Bordetella pertussis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Chlamydophila psittaci, Coxiella burnetii, Treponema pallidum, Clostridium tetani, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Vibrio cholera, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, serovartyphi, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Francisella tularensis. Preferably, the bacterium is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Preferably, the bacterium may be selected from one or more of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria (MRDGN bacteria), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB), and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) gut bacteria. A virus may be selected from one or more family selected from Adenoviridae, Picornaviridae, Herpesviridae, Coronaviridae, Hepadnaviridae, Flaviviridae, Retroviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Papovaviridae, Polyomavirus, Rhabdoviridae, Togaviridae and Bunyaviridae. The virus may be selected from one or more of HIV-1 (Human immunodeficiency virus), HIV- 2, Junin virus, BK virus, Machupo virus, Sabiá virus, Varicella zoster virus (VZV), Alphavirus, Colorado tick fever virus (CTFV), Rhinoviruses, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Cytomegalovirus, Dengue virus, Ebolavirus (EBOV), Parvovirus B19, Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), Enteroviruses (e.g. EV71), Coxsackie A virus, Sin Nombre virus, Heartland virus, Hanta virus, Hendra virus, Hepatitis A virus, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, Hepatitis D Virus, Hepatitis E virus, Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), Human bocavirus (HBoV), Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), Human papillomaviruses, Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), Lassa virus, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), Marburg virus, Measles virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV), Monkeypox virus, Mumps virus, Nipah virus, Norovirus, Poliovirus, JC virus, Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Rhinovirus, Rift Valley fever virus, Rotavirus, Rubella virus, SARS coronavirus, SARS-CoV- 2, Variola major, Variola minor, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Guanarito virus, West Nile virus, Yellow fever virus, and Zika virus. A fungus may be selected from one or more of Aspergillus spp., Piedraia spp., Blastomyces spp., Candida spp., Fonsecaea spp., Coccidioides spp., Cryptococcus spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Geotrichum spp., Histoplasma spp., Microsporidia phylum, Paracoccidioides spp., Pneumocystis spp., Sporothrix spp., Trichophyton spp., Epidermophyton spp., Hortaea spp., Malassezia spp., Trichosporon spp., and Mucorales order. The pathogen may be a fungus selected from one or more of Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Piedraia hortae, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Candida albicans, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Coccidioides immitis, Coccidioides posadasii, Cryptococcus neoformans, Geotrichum candidum, Histoplasma capsulatum, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Sporothrix schenckii, Trichophyton tonsurans, Epidermophyton floccosum, Hortaea werneckii, and Trichosporon beigelii. A macroparasite may be one or more selected from Angiostrongylus spp., Entamoeba Anisakis spp., Ascaris spp., Babesia spp., Balantidium spp., Baylisascaris spp., Blastocystis spp., Capillaria spp., Trypanosoma spp., Clonorchis spp., Ancylostoma spp., Cyclospora spp., Taenia spp., Desmodesmus spp., Dientamoeba spp., Dracunculus spp,. Enterobius spp., Fasciola spp., Filarioidea superfamily, Giardia spp., Gnathostoma spp., Necator spp., Hymenolepis spp., Isospora spp., Leptospira spp., Wuchereria spp., Rhinosporidium spp., Brugia spp., Plasmodium spp., Onchocerca spp., Opisthorchis spp., Paragonimus spp., Naegleria spp., Schistosoma spp., Strongyloides spp., Toxocara spp., Toxoplasma spp., Trichinella spp., Trichomonas spp., and Trichuris spp. The macroparasite may be selected from one or more of Entamoeba histolytica, Ascaris lumbricoides, Balantidium coli, Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, Clonorchis sinensis, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Taenia solium, Desmodesmus armatus, Dientamoeba fragilis, Dracunculus medinensis, Enterobius vermicularis, Fasciolopsis buski, Giardia lamblia, Necator americanus, Hymenolepis nana, Hymenolepis diminuta, Isospora belli, Wuchereria bancrofti, Rhinosporidium seeberi, Brugia malayi, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium knowlesi Onchocerca volvulus, Opisthorchis viverrini, Opisthorchis felineus, Naegleria fowleri, Strongyloides stercoralis, Toxoplasma gondii, Trichinella spiralis,Trichuris trichiura, and Trichomonas vaginalis. The infective agent may be an antibiotic-resistant bacterium (e.g. MRSA), preferably a multi- antibiotic resistant bacterium. An antibiotic resistant bacterium may be resistant to beta- lactams, such as methicillin. Antibiotic resistance may be assessed using any technique known in the art, such as the Kirby-Baure method, Stokes method, Etest, and / or agar and broth dilution methods for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination. A bacterium may be resistant to one or more of a penicillin, a penicillinase-resistant penicillin, a cephalosporin, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, a tetracycline and combinations thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. A bacterium may be resistant to one or more of: vancomycin, nafcillin, oxacillin, teicoplanin, penicillin, methicillin, flucloxacillin, dicloxacillin, cefazolin, cephalothin, cephalexin, cefuroxime, clindamycin, cefazolin, amoxicillin / clavulanate, ampicillin / sulbactam, lincomycin, erythromycin, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, daptomycin, linezolid, rifampin, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, minocylcine, tigecycline and combinations thereof or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. In one embodiment a bacterium may be resistant to vancomycin and / or teicoplanin, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. A multi-antibiotic resistant bacterium may be resistant to at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 antibiotics (e.g. chemical antibiotics). In one aspect, the invention provides a composition and / or a population of cells comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof of the invention for use in treating an autoimmune disease. In one aspect, the invention provides a composition and / or a population of cells comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof obtainable by a method of the invention for use in treating an autoimmune disease. In a related aspect the invention provides a method for treating an autoimmune disease, the method comprising administering a composition or a population of cells comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof of the invention to a subject. A subject may be a mammal. Preferably, a subject is a human subject. In a related aspect the invention provides a method for treating an autoimmune disease, the method comprising administering a composition or a population of cells comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof obtainable by a method of the invention to a subject. In a related aspect, the invention provides a use of a composition or population of cells comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof of the invention in the manufacture of a medicament for treating an autoimmune disease. In a related aspect, the invention provides a use of a composition or population of cells comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof obtainable by a method of the invention in the manufacture of a medicament for treating an autoimmune disease. In a related aspect, the invention provides a use of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof of the invention in the manufacture of a medicament for treating an autoimmune disease. In a related aspect, the invention provides a use of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof obtainable by a method of the invention in the manufacture of a medicament for treating an autoimmune disease. The autoimmune disease may be selected from rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, celiac disease, graves’ disease, Addison’s disease, inflammatory bowel disease (including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), and / or psoriasis. A composition (e.g. pharmaceutical composition) of the invention may comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, or diluent. This may be in addition to a granulocyte and / or precursor of the invention (e.g. one or more populations of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof). A pharmaceutically acceptable carrier may be an injectable carrier, such as a sterile physiological saline solution. A composition of the invention may, for example, be formulated for administration to a subject by injection or infusion. An appropriate dosage range of a population of cells of the invention, of a composition of the invention, or of granulocytes and / or precursors of the invention is one that produces the desired therapeutic effect when provided to a recipient. An appropriate dosage range may be achieved by a single incidence of administration, or by multiple incidences of administration. Administration may be by any suitable technique or route, including but not limited to intravenous injection, intra-arterial injection, intraperitoneal injection, injection into a tumour resection cavity, intrathecal injection, or combinations thereof. Preferably, the administration is intravenously. A typical treatment regimen may include administering from 106, 107, 108or 109cells (e.g. granulocytes and / or precursors thereof) to a subject, or up to 1012, 1013or 1014cells to a subject. In a suitable embodiment a treatment regimen includes administering a dose of at least 1 x 109cells to a subject. For example, a treatment regimen may include administering a dose of at least 2 x 109cells or at least 5 x 109cells to a subject. A treatment regimen may include administering a dose of at least 1 x 1010cells or at least 5 x 1010cells to a subject. At least 1 x 1011or at least 2 x 1011cells may be administered to a subject. Between 1 x 109to 3 x 1011or 1 x 1010to 3 x 1011cells may be administered to a subject. For example, between 5 x 1010to 2.5 x 1011cells may be administered to a subject. A subject for treatment may be dosed once, twice, three times, four times, five times, or six times per week. Alternatively, a subject may be dosed daily (e.g. once or twice daily). In other embodiments a subject may be dosed once weekly or bi-weekly. The dose may be weekly. The skilled person will appreciate that the dose can be tailored based on the needs of the subject, and efficacy of the medicament. For example, where the medicament is highly efficacious, the dose may be lowered. A subject for treatment may be dosed weekly (e.g. once weekly) with at least 2 x 109cells or at least 2 x 1010cells. A subject for treatment may be dosed weekly with at least 1 x 1011or at least 2 x 1011cells. The treatment term can be varied based on the response of the subject to the treatment, and / or the type and / or severity of the disorder (e.g. cancer or infection). For example, the subject for treatment may be dosed for at least 1 or 2 weeks. The subject for treatment may be dosed for at least 3 or 4 weeks. The subject for treatment may be dosed for at least 5 or 6 weeks, suitably at least 7 or 8 weeks. A subject for treatment may be dosed for 4-8 weeks with at least 2 x 109cells, wherein said cells are administered once weekly. A subject for treatment may be dosed for 8 weeks with at least 2 x 109cells (e.g. at least 2 x 1010or 2 x 1011cells), wherein said cells may be administered once weekly. Preferably, where a culture medium is described herein to contain two or more components, all of said two or more components are present at the same time in the culture medium (e.g. in a single medium). The term “treat” or “treating” as used herein may encompass prophylactic treatment (e.g. to prevent onset of a disorder or a symptom thereof) as well as corrective treatment (e.g. treatment of a subject already suffering from a disorder or a symptom thereof). Prophylactic treatment may also be referred to as preventive treatment. The term “disorder” as used herein may also encompass a “disease”. For example, the disorder may be a disease. A granulocyte and / or precursor, population of cells, or composition of the invention may be administered to a subject in a therapeutically effective amount or a prophylactically effective amount. A “therapeutically effective amount” may be any amount of granulocyte and / or precursor, population of cells, or composition of the invention, which when administered alone or in combination with another agent (preferably alone) to a subject for treating a disorder (or a symptom thereof) is sufficient to effect such treatment of the disorder, or symptom thereof. A “prophylactically effective amount” is any amount of the granulocyte and / or precursor, population of cells, or composition that, when administered alone or in combination with another agent (preferably alone) to a subject inhibits or delays the onset or reoccurrence of a disorder (or a symptom thereof). In some embodiments, the prophylactically effective amount prevents the onset or reoccurrence of a disorder or symptom thereof entirely. “Inhibiting” the onset means either lessening the likelihood of a disorder’s onset (or symptom thereof), or preventing the onset entirely. Embodiments related to the various methods of the invention are intended to be applied equally to other methods, the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, populations of cells, compositions, pharmaceutical compositions, kits, or uses, and vice versa. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. Singleton, et al., DICTIONARY OF MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, 20 ED., John Wiley and Sons, New York (1994), and Hale & Marham, THE HARPER COLLINS DICTIONARY OF BIOLOGY, Harper Perennial, NY (1991) provide the skilled person with a general dictionary of many of the terms used in this disclosure. This disclosure is not limited by the exemplary methods and materials disclosed herein, and any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of embodiments of this disclosure. Numeric ranges are inclusive of the numbers defining the range. Unless otherwise indicated, any nucleic acid sequences are written left to right in 5' to 3' orientation; amino acid sequences are written left to right in amino to carboxy orientation, respectively. The headings provided herein are not limitations of the various aspects or embodiments of this disclosure. Amino acids are referred to herein using the name of the amino acid, the three letter abbreviation or the single letter abbreviation. The term “protein", as used herein, includes proteins, polypeptides, and peptides. As used herein, the term “amino acid sequence” is synonymous with the term “polypeptide” and / or the term “protein”. In some instances, the term “amino acid sequence” is synonymous with the term “peptide”. In some instances, the term “amino acid sequence” is synonymous with the term “enzyme”. The terms "protein" and "polypeptide" are used interchangeably herein. In the present disclosure and claims, the conventional one-letter and three-letter codes for amino acid residues may be used. The 3- letter code for amino acids as defined in conformity with the IUPACIUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN). It is also understood that a polypeptide may be coded for by more than one nucleotide sequence due to the degeneracy of the genetic code. Other definitions of terms may appear throughout the specification. Before the exemplary embodiments are described in more detail, it is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to particular embodiments described, and as such may vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting, since the scope of the present disclosure will be defined only by the appended claims. Where a range of values is provided, it is understood that each intervening value, to the tenth of the unit of the lower limit unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, between the upper and lower limits of that range is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in that stated range is encompassed within this disclosure. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range, and each range where either, neither or both limits are included in the smaller ranges is also encompassed within this disclosure, subject to any specifically excluded limit in the stated range. Where the stated range includes one or both of the limits, ranges excluding either or both of those included limits are also included in this disclosure. It must be noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a granulocyte” includes a plurality of such candidate agents and reference to “the granulocyte” includes reference to one or more granulocytes and equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art, and so forth. The publications discussed herein are provided solely for their disclosure prior to the filing date of the present application. Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that such publications constitute prior art to the claims appended hereto. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the following Figures and Examples. Many of the Figures submitted herein are better understood in colour. The colour versions of the drawings are part of the application as filed and the right to present colour images of the drawings in later proceedings is hereby reserved. Figure 1 shows the phenotypic characterisation of iPSC-derived cells differentiated by protocols P1 and P2 (HSA [human serum albumin]) or variant protocols of P1 and P2 containing foetal bovine serum (FBS) or human serum by FACS, on day 25 of differentiation. (A) shows the percentage of CD15 positive cells and (B) shows the percentage of CD15 and CD66b double positive cells. Figure 2 shows the percentage of iPSC-derived cells expressing both CD15 and CD11b on day 25, differentiated by protocol P1 or P2. SF = serum free (HSA present), S = serum condition (human serum), P = primed, and NP = non-primed. Figure 3 shows the percentage of iPSC-derived cells CD45+ on day 39 differentiated by protocol P1, P3 or P4 expressing: (A) CD45; (B) CD15; (C) CD15 and CD11b; (D) CD15 and CD66b; and (E) CD15 and CD177. SF = serum free (HSA present), P = primed, NP = non- primed, and PP = doubly primed. Figure 4 shows Giemsa staining of day 39 differentiated cells. Red arrows indicate cells with multi-lobulated nuclei. Figure 5 shows the viability of lung cancer cell line A549Fluc cells after co-culture with primed day 39 iPSC-derived cells produced using protocols P1, P3, and P4 as compared to +Control (which included neutrophils that had not been differentiated from iPSCs). The x-axis indicates the ratio of effector cells (iPSC-derived cells or control) to target cells (A549Fluc cells). P = primed and PP = doubly primed. Figure 6 shows images of cells captured following a pHrodo phagocytosis assay. iPSC- derived cells seeded on Poly-D-Lysine (PDL)-coated plates were able to uptake red fluorescent particles (some representative examples are illustrated using white arrows). Figure 7 shows FACS analysis of a pHrodo phagocytosis assay. On the left, total cell population was first gated on pHrodo signal. The pHrodo positive population was then further analysed for CD11b / CD15 or CD11b / CD14. On the right, total cell population was first gated on either CD14 or CD15, then the positive population was analysed for pHrodo signal. The iPSC-derived cells were produced using primed cells from protocol P1. Figure 8 shows FACS analysis of a pHrodo phagocytosis assay. On the left, total cell population was first gated on pHrodo signal. The pHrodo positive population was then further analysed for CD11b / CD15 or CD11b / CD14. On the right, total cell population was first gated on either CD14 or CD15, then the positive population was analysed for pHrodo signal. The iPSC-derived cells were produced using primed cells from protocol P3. Figure 9 shows FACS analysis of a pHrodo phagocytosis assay. On the left, total cell population was first gated on pHrodo signal. The pHrodo positive population was then further analysed for CD11b / CD15 or CD11b / CD14. On the right, total cell population was first gated on either CD14 or CD15, then the positive population was analysed for pHrodo signal. The iPSC-derived cells were produced using primed cells from protocol P4. Figure 10 shows the results of a NETosis assay. Primed cells differentiated using Protocol 1 or 3 released neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in response to stimulation with phorbol 12- myristate 13-acetate(PMA) indicated by white arrows. Staining using SytoxGreen shows DNA content. Figure 11 shows the percentage of total cells that are positive or negative for CD15. iPSC- derived cells were either differentiated using Protocol P1 for 25 days (iPSC D251) or 39 days (iPSC D391) or using Protocol P3 for 25 days (iPSC D252) or 39 days (iPSC D392) Figure 12 shows the FACS analysis of iPSC-differentiated cells that are CD15 positive. iPSC-derived cells were either differentiated using Protocol P1 for 25 days (iPSC D251) or 39 days (iPSC D391) or using Protocol P3 for 25 days (iPSC D252) or 39 days (iPSC D39 2). Figure 13 shows the FACS analysis of iPSC-differentiated cells that are CD15 negative. iPSC-derived cells were either differentiated using Protocol P1 for 25 days (iPSC D251) or 39 days (iPSC D391) or using Protocol P3 for 25 days (iPSC D252) or 39 days (iPSC D39 2). Figure 14 shows the ability of iPSC-derived cells to induce proliferation of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells when compared to the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) control. iPSC-derived cells were either differentiated using Protocol P1 for 25 days (iPSC D251) or 39 days (iPSC D391) or using Protocol P3 for 25 days (iPSC D252) or 39 days (iPSC D392). Figure 15 shows the ability of iPSC-derived cells to activate CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells as indicated by an increase in OX40 and 4-1BB expression when compared to the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) control. iPSC-derived cells were either differentiated using Protocol P1 for 25 days (iPSC D251) or 39 days (iPSC D391) or using Protocol P3 for 25 days (iPSC D252) or 39 days (iPSC D392).

[0004] EXAMPLES Materials & Reagents are as per manufacturer’s instructions on the product information sheets. All stock solutions are aliquoted and kept at -20oC. EXAMPLE 1 Identification of Optimal Conditions for Differentiation of iPSCs It was set out to establish a robust, serum-free, feeder-free protocol for directing the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into therapeutically functional neutrophils. Parallel iPSC cultures were subjected to different combinations of differentiation conditions. In all, 35 media compositions in different combinations were assessed, yielding a total of 7840 protocols. The cells were phenotypically evaluated to determine expression of neutrophil markers CD14, CD66b, CD11b, and CD177 (in various combinations) using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The protocols employed were divided into 5 main steps: 1. Step 1 – day 0 with half fresh media supplied on day 2; 2. Step 2 – new media added on day 3; 3. Step 3 – new media added on day 6, with half fresh media supplied on days 8 and 10; 4. Step 4 – new media added on day 12, with half fresh media supplied on days 14 and 16; 5. Step 5 – new media added on day 18, with half fresh media supplied on days 20, 22, 24, and every 2 days onward. The optimal protocol identified was termed P1: P1 P2 (Control) APEL2 APEL2 P / S P / S BMP4 (20ng / ml) BMP4 (20ng / ml) STEP 1 L-AA (200uM) L-AA (200uM) Day 0, Day 2 (½) ROCKi (10uM) ROCKi (10uM) SCF (40ng / ml) SCF (40ng / ml) VEGF (20ng / ml) VEGF (20ng / ml) bFGF (5ng / ml) bFGF (5ng / ml) CHIR99021 (3uM) CHIR99021 (3uM) APEL2 APEL2 P / S P / S BMP4 (10ng / ml) BMP4 (10ng / ml) L-AA (200uM) L-AA (200uM) STEP 2 SCF (40ng / ml) SCF (40ng / ml) Day 3 VEGF (20ng / ml) VEGF (20ng / ml) IGF-1 (100ng / ml) IGF-1 (100ng / ml) RA (1nM) RA (1nM) IL-6 (10ng / ml) IL-6 (10ng / ml) beta-estradiol (5nM) beta-estradiol (5nM) APEL2 APEL2 P / S P / S BMP4 (10ng / ml) BMP4 (10ng / ml) STEP 3 L-AA (200uM) L-AA (200uM) Day 6, Day 8 (½), Day SCF (40ng / ml) SCF (40ng / ml) 10 (½) VEGF (20ng / ml) VEGF (20ng / ml) SB203580 (1.25uM) SB203580 (1.25uM) GM-CSF (10ng / ml) GM-CSF (10ng / ml) IL-3 (10ng / ml) IL-3 (10ng / ml) G-CSF (10ng / ml) G-CSF (10ng / ml) IMDM P / S IMDM L-glutamine (2mM) P / S Human Serum Albumin (1%) L-glutamine (2mM) STEP 4 ITS (1X) Human Serum Albumin (1%) Day 12, Day 14(½), Day SCF (100ng / ml) B27 (1X) 16(½) TPO (100ng / ml) SCF (100ng / ml) SB203580 (1.25uM) TPO (100ng / ml) GM-CSF (100ng / ml) Linoleic Acid (500ng / ml) IL-3 (10ng / ml) Oleic Acid (500ng / ml) G-CSF (100ng / ml) G-CSF (100ng / ml) IMDM IMDM STEP 5 P / S P / S Day 18, Day 20 (½), L-glutamine (2mM) L-glutamine (2mM) Day 22 (½), Day 24 (½), Human Serum Albumin (1%) Human Serum Albumin (1%) every second day ITS (1X) B27 (1X) onwards (½) SCF (100ng / ml) SCF (100ng / ml) TPO (100ng / ml) TPO (100ng / ml) G-CSF (100ng / ml) G-CSF (100ng / ml) Comparison with P2 identified that the nature of the medium at Step 4 had a particular impact on the percentage of cells positive for neutrophil markers CD15 and CD66b. The only difference between the conditions employed in P2 and P1 is the presence of the following at Step 4 of P1: • p38 MAP kinase inhibitor 4-{4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-[4-(methanesulfinyl)phenyl]-1H- imidazol-5-yl}pyridine (SB 203580) (1.25uM); • GM-CSF (100ng / ml); and • IL-3 (10ng / ml). In contrast, P2 has the following alternative reagents present: • linoleic Acid (500ng / ml); and • oleic Acid (500ng / ml). Figure 1A shows that the percentage of CD15 positive cells at day 25 was much greater when protocol P1 was employed when compared to protocol P2 (including where P1 and P2 were modified to include foetal bovine serum (FBS) or human serum). Similarly, Figure 1B shows that the percentage of CD15 / CD66b double positive cells at day 25 was much higher for cells generated using protocol P1 than those generated using P2. iPSCs differentiated using protocols P1 and P2 (and the human serum-containing variants) were also subjected to priming (P) with GM-CSF and TNFα in order to produce activated neutrophils. In the non-primed condition (NP), the cells remained in the “Step 5” culture media until day 25, while in the primed condition, cells were primed with GM-CSF (10 ng / ml) and TNFα (1 ng / ml) at day 24 for 24 hours. Figure 2 confirms that a much higher percentage of CD15 / CD11b double positive cells were produced using P1 (conditions 1-4) versus P2 (conditions 5-8). In addition, it was found that protocol P2 resulted in much lower yield of cells than P1, as shown below. Table: Yield of cells. Number (1) represents the total number of produced cells per iPSC and number (2) represents the number of produced CD15+ cells per iPSC. Conditions 1-4 were performed using protocol P1 while conditions 5-8 were performed using protocol P2. Condition 1 = P1 SF- NP, condition 2 = P1 SF- P, condition 3 = P1 S – NP, condition 4 = P1 S – P, condition 5 = P2 SF- NP, condition 6 = P2 SF- P, condition 7 = P2 S – NP, and condition 8 = P2 S – P. Abbreviations: S = serum, SF = serum free (HSA present), P = primed (primed with GM-CSF (10ng / ml) for 48hours and TNFα (1ng / ml) for 24 hours), and NP = non-primed. In conclusion, the addition of p38 MAP kinase inhibitor 4-{4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-[4- (methanesulfinyl)phenyl]-1H-imidazol-5-yl}pyridine (SB 203580), GM-CSF and IL-3 (10ng / ml) during step 4 of protocol 1 was of key to obtaining advantageous yields of neutrophils expressing advantageous cell surface markers. EXAMPLE 2 Further Conditions for Differentiation of iPSCs Additional protocols P3 and P4 were generated: P3 P4 STEP 1 As P1 As P1 Day 0, Day 2 (½) STEP 2 APEL2 As P1 Day 3 P / S BMP4 (10ng / ml) L-AA (200uM) SCF (40ng / ml) VEGF (20ng / ml) IGF-1 (100ng / ml) RA (1nM) IL-6 (10ng / ml) beta-estradiol (5nM) STEP 3 APEL2 APEL2 Day 6, Day 8 (½), Day P / S P / S 10 (½) BMP4 (10ng / ml) BMP4 (10ng / ml) L-AA (200uM) L-AA (200uM) SCF (40ng / ml) SCF (40ng / ml) VEGF (20ng / ml) VEGF (20ng / ml) IL-3 (5ng / ml) bFGF (10ng / ml) IL-6 (10ng / ml) SB431542 (10uM) TPO (10ng / ml) FLT3L (20ng / ml) STEP 4 As P1 As P1 Day 12, Day 14(½), Day 16(½) STEP 5 IMDM IMDM Day 18, Day 20 (½), P / S P / S Day 22 (½), Day 24 (½), L-glutamine (2mM) L-glutamine (2mM) every second day Human Serum Albumin (1%) Human Serum Albumin (1%) onwards (½) ITS (1X) B27 (1X) SCF (100ng / ml) SCF (100ng / ml) TPO (100ng / ml) TPO (100ng / ml) IL-8 (5ng / ml) IL-8 (5ng / ml) G-CSF (100ng / ml) G-CSF (100ng / ml) FLT3L (20ng / ml) FLT3L (20ng / ml) Q-VD.Oh (3uM) Q-VD.Oh (3uM) iPSCs were differentiated following protocols P1, P3, and P4 with (P) or without (NP) a priming step: • Non-primed: cells remained in “Step 5” culture media, and • Primed: cells were primed with GM-CSF (10ng / ml) for 48hours and TNFα (1ng / ml) for 24 hours before the differentiation end point (day 39). On Day 39, cells were collected for FACS analysis. Over 90% of the live cells were positive for CD45 (Figure 3A). In all conditions, more than 83% of CD45 positive cells were positive for marker CD15 (Figure 3B). The percentage of CD15 / CD11b double-positive cells in the CD45 positive population was high, ranging between 50-60% (Figure 3C). The percentage of CD15 / CD66b double-positive cells in the CD45 positive population was 15-30% (Figure 3D). The percentage of CD15 / CD177 double-positive cells was 10-30% (Figure 3E). Thus, protocols P3 and P4 additionally differentiated large numbers of iPSCs into cells expressing the above markers. As can be seen, there are numerous differences in steps 2, 3, and 5 between protocols P1, P3, and P4, thereby demonstrating that these differences do not have a major impact on production of cells with an advantageous marker profile. However, all of the protocols shared the step 4 wherein the cells were exposed to p38 MAP kinase inhibitor 4-{4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-[4-(methanesulfinyl)phenyl]-1H-imidazol-5-yl}pyridine (SB 203580), GM-CSF and IL-3. This further reinforces the importance of this step and combination of 3 components in the production of advantageous cells. Moreover, step 5 of P3 and P4 shares the core reagents (SCF, TPO, and G-CSF) present in the medium of P1, step 5, and further includes additional reagents. At day 39, the majority of the cells showed multi-nuclear lobes, indicating a mature neutrophil morphology (Figure 4). The fact that cells could be produced up to at least day 39 further highlights the viability and longevity of the cells as well as suitability for long-term cultures. Furthermore, the potential of the methods of the invention for continuous neutrophil production (e.g. in bioreactors) is also highlighted. EXAMPLE 3 Cytotoxic Characterisation of iPSC-Derived Cells The functionality of iPSC-derived cells on Day 39 was tested using a cytotoxicity assay against the lung cancer cell line A549. iPSC-derived cells were co-cultured with A549 lung cancer cells (non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line) transduced with luciferase reporter gene (A549FFluc), at effector (iPSC- derived cell or control) to target (cancer cell) (E:T) ratios of 5:1, 10:1 and 20:1, for ~48hours. By the end of the co-culture, a luciferase assay was carried out to assess the relative number of viable cancer cells in each well. The numbers of viable cells were then normalised to the negative (no neutrophil) control. The percentage of viable cells in this assay is inversely proportional to the cytotoxic capacities of neutrophils, i.e. a lower percentage of viable cells indicates a higher cytotoxic capacity of neutrophils. All iPSC-derived cells showed cytotoxic capacity against A549, indicated by a reduced percentage of viable cells compared to the negative control (Figure 5). Killing of cancer cells was similar or better than the positive control, which included neutrophils that had not been differentiated from iPSCs. The percentage of viable cells decreased as E:T increased, further supporting the observation that the cytotoxic effect was dependent on the presence of the iPSC-derived cells. Lung cancer cells are representative of a solid tumour and are notoriously difficult to kill. Therefore, the observation of cancer killing against the A549 cell line highlights the suitability of the iPSC-derived cells in the treatment of cancers, especially those comprising solid tumours. EXAMPLE 4 Phagocytotic Characterisation of iPSC-Derived Cells For further evaluation of the functionality of the iPSC-derived cells, a phagocytosis assay was performed on primed P1, P3, and P4 protocol-derived cells, using pHrodo™ Red dye (pHrodo™ Red Phagocytosis Particle Labelling Kit for Flow Cytometry from Invitrogen). The assay is designed to specifically detect phagocytosis and endocytosis with a pH-sensitive fluorogenic dye. pHrodo™ Red dye is non-fluorescent at neutral pH but turns bright red upon acidification. As it is both fluorogenic and pH-sensitive, the pHrodo™ Red dye is a specific sensor of phagocytic events; acidification of the phagosome following phagocytosis is marked by red fluorescence, as shown for iPSC-derived cells, seeded on poly-D-lysine (PDL) coated plates (Figure 6). In a parallel set of experiments, iPSC-derived cells were incubated with pHrodo particles, washed and analysed by FACS. Cells from all three protocols were capable of phagocytosis. Furthermore, cells positive for pHrodo were CD15 positive and CD14 negative, indicating that phagocytic cells were indeed neutrophils and not CD14 positive monocytes or macrophages (Figures 7 [primed P1], Figure 8 [primed P3], and Figure 9 [primed P4]). Thus, the iPSC-derived cells exhibit properties that are beneficial for therapeutic efficacy, such as in the treatment of infections and cancer. EXAMPLE 5 Production of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) To yet further evaluate the response of iPSC-derived cells to a variety of stimuli, we tested the ability of cells to produce Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs). NETs, a web-like structures containing chromatin, have a significant role in assisting the capture and killing of microorganisms by neutrophils during infection or sterile activation. Primed iPSC-derived cells from protocols P1 and P3 were incubated with phorbol 12- myristate 13-acetate (PMA 10nM Sigma Prod. No. P 8139) for 2 hours in a cell culture incubator to induce NETosis. The control group was left untreated. Cells from both protocols were able to release NETs upon stimulation, as shown by staining with DNA dye SytoxGreen (Figure 10). This is further confirmation that the iPSC-derived cells exhibit properties of neutrophils and are beneficial for therapeutic efficacy, such as in the treatment of infections and cancer. EXAMPLE 6 Further Characterisation of Cells Differentiated from iPSCs iPSC-derived cells taken at different stages in the process were subjected to further characterisation. Figure 11 shows that from day 25 onwards, the majority of cells were positive for myeloid marker CD15 and that this increases with the number of days in culture. Both the CD15 positive compartment and CD15 negative compartment were analysed in more detail. Similar results (directional changes or outcomes) were obtained with Protocol P1 and Protocol P3. The CD15+ compartment (Figure 12) was found to make up 70-95% of the iPSC-derived cells, depending on time in culture. iPSC-differentiated cells were found to exhibit expression of CD11b and CD66b, as well as HLA-DR, CD71 and CD49d. The markers are indicative of high maturation state, in addition to displaying commitment to the neutrophil lineage. Markers associated with enhanced cytotoxicity and immunomodulatory capability were expressed widely in the neutrophils, namely Mac-1 complex (CD11b / CD18), CD40, CD16, FasL, and CXCL10. Similar results (directional changes or outcomes) were obtained with Protocol P1 and Protocol P3. CD16 was highly expressed from day 39, with co-expression of CD16 and CD66b being representative of a peripheral blood neutrophil phenotype. CD14 was expressed. CD66b and CD15 expression remained high with a small population expressing both high CD14 and medium level of expression for CD15, suggesting that the majority of CD14+ cells are not committed to the monocytic lineage. The CD15 negative compartment (Figure 13) was found to make up 5-30% of the product, depending on the time in culture. Reductions in CD49d expression cells harvested at day 39 aligns with the previously observed increase in maturation of this product. The increased expression of CXCR4 in this compartment of cells suggest that they may tend to migrate towards the bone marrow. This is further supported by reduction in CD18 expression, which is known to aid the migration of mature neutrophils into circulation. Given the shift in populations between D25-39, Lineage committed cells appear to mature into the committee myeloid population. Similar results (directional changes or outcomes) were obtained with Protocol P1 and Protocol P3. EXAMPLE 7 Promotion of Proliferation & Activation of other Immune Effector Cells The iPSC-derived cells were found to induce proliferation of (Figure 14) and to activate (Figure 15) CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. The induced proliferation of CD8+ T cells and NK cells was in the absence of OKT3, as was the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Similar results (directional changes or outcomes) were obtained with Protocol P1 and Protocol P3 Thus, the iPSC-derived cells exhibited advantageous immune cell activating properties, thereby providing further evidence of their therapeutic utility. All publications mentioned in the above specification are herein incorporated by reference. Various modifications and variations of the described methods and system of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in connection with specific preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the invention as claimed should not be unduly limited to such specific embodiments. Indeed, various modifications of the described modes for carrying out the invention which are obvious to those skilled in biochemistry and biotechnology or related fields are intended to be within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. A method for producing granulocytes and / or precursors thereof for therapeutic use, the method comprising culturing progenitor cells in a cell culture medium comprising: (a) an inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase; (b) granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF); and (c) interleukin-3 (IL-3).

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase is selected from SB203580, SB202190, RO3201195, BIRB 796 (doramapimod), VX-702, VX-745, SCIO-469, PH-797804, AMG-584, RWJ 67657, losmapimod (GW856553), ralimetinib (LY2228820), and pamapimod (R-1503).

3. The method according to claims 1 or 2, wherein the inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase is present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 0.125 μM, e.g. at a concentration of at least 0.625 μM.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase comprises 4-{4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-[4-(methanesulfinyl)phenyl]-1H- imidazol-5-yl}pyridine (SB 203580).

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the GM-CSF is present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 10 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 50 ng / ml.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the IL-3 is present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 1 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 5 ng / ml.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the culture medium further comprises granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF).

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the G-CSF is present in the cell culture medium at a concentration of greater than 10 ng / ml, e.g. at a concentration of at least 50 ng / ml.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising culturing the granulocytes and / or precursors thereof and / or the progenitor cells in a medium comprising a stem cell factor (SCF) and / or a thrombopoietin (TPO).

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the progenitor cells have been differentiated from an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC), preferably human iPSC.

11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the progenitor cells comprise haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the method is for producing granulocyte precursors and wherein the progenitor cells comprising HSCs are cultured in the culture medium for up to 6 days.

13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the granulocyte precursors comprise myeloid progenitor cells.

14. The method according to any one of claims 11-13, wherein the method is for producing granulocytes, wherein the progenitor cells comprising HSCs are cultured in the culture medium for up to 6 days, thereby producing granulocyte precursors, and wherein the method further comprises culturing the granulocyte precursors in a cell culture medium comprising SCF, TPO, and / or G-CSF.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the granulocyte precursors are cultured in a cell culture medium comprising: SCF, TPO, and / or G-CSF for at least 5, 6 or 7 days, thereby producing granulocytes.

16. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the granulocytes comprise neutrophils.

17. A granulocyte and / or precursor thereof obtainable by the method according to any one of the preceding claims.

18. A granulocyte and / or precursor thereof.

19. A population of cells comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof obtainable by the method according to any one of claims 1-16.

20. A population of cells comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof.

21. A composition comprising granulocytes and / or precursors thereof obtainable by the method according to any one of claims 1-16.

22. A composition comprising a granulocyte and / or precursor thereof.

23. A composition comprising a) a population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population comprises the marker profile CD45+ / CD15+ / CD11b+; and / or b) a population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population comprises the marker profile CD45+ / CD15+ / CD66b+; and / or c) a population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population comprises the marker profile CD45+ / CD15+ / CD18+; and / or d) a population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population comprises the marker profile CD45+ / CD15+ / CD49d+; and / or e) a population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population comprises the marker profile CD45+ / CD15+ / CD40+; and / or f) a population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population comprises the marker profile CD45+ / CD15+ / CD177+; and / or g) a population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population comprises the marker profile CD45+ / CD15+ / CD16+; and / or h) a population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population comprises the marker profile CD45+ / CD15+ / CD14+; and / or i) a population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population comprises the marker profile CD45+ / CD15- / CD49d+; and / or j) a population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof, wherein the population comprises the marker profile CD45+ / CD15- / CD18.

24. The composition according to claim 23, wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to a) further comprises one or more markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to b) further comprises one or more markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereofaccording to c) further comprises one or more markers selected from CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to d) further comprises one or more markers selected from CD18, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to e) further comprises one or more markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to f) further comprises one or more markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, and CXCR4; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to g) further comprises one or more markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4 and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to h) further comprises one or more markers selected from CD45, CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to i) further comprises one or more markers selected from CD18, CXCR4, CD71, CD34, CD11c, CD40, CD11b, TRAIL, CXCL10, HLA-DR, CD14, CD206, CXCR2, CD102, CD66b, FasL, CD177, and CD16; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to j) further comprises one or more markers selected from CD49d, CXCR4, CD71, CD34, CD11c, CD40, CD11b, TRAIL, CXCL10, HLA-DR, CD14, CD206, CXCR2, CD102, CD66b, FasL, CD177, and CD16.

25. The composition according to claim 23 or 24, wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to a) lacks one or more markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to b) lacks one or more markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to c)lacks one or more markers selected from CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to d) lacks one or more markers selected from CD18, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to e) lacks one or more markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to f) lacks one or more markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, and CXCR4; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to g) lacks one or more markers selected from CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD14, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4 and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to h) lacks one or more markers selected from CD45, CD18, CD49d, CD11b, CD66b, CD40, CXCL10, CD11c, CD71, CD206, CD34, HLA-DR, CXCR2, CD16, FasL, TRAIL, CD102, CD177, and CXCR4; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to i) lacks one or more markers selected from CD18, CXCR4, CD71, CD34, CD11c, CD40, CD11b, TRAIL, CXCL10, HLA-DR, CD14, CD206, CXCR2, CD102, CD66b, FasL, CD177, and CD16; and / or wherein the population of granulocytes and / or precursors thereof according to j) lacks one or more markers selected from CD49d, CXCR4, CD71, CD34, CD11c, CD40, CD11b, TRAIL, CXCL10, HLA-DR, CD14, CD206, CXCR2, CD102, CD66b, FasL, CD177, and CD16.

26. The method, granulocyte and / or precursor thereof, population of cells, or composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the granulocyte and / or precursor thereof is a granulocyte precursor.

27. The method, granulocyte and / or precursor thereof, population of cells, or composition according to claim 26, wherein the granulocyte precursor is a promyelocyte, a myelocyte, or an intermediate thereof (preferably an intermediate thereof).

28. The granulocyte and / or precursor thereof, population of cells, or composition according to any one of claims 17-27 further comprising (e.g. in combination with) a second therapeutic agent, e.g. a CAR-T therapeutic agent or a chemotherapeutic agent.

29. The granulocyte and / or precursor thereof, population of cells, or composition according to any one of claims 17-28, wherein the granulocyte and / or precursor thereof is comprised in a pharmaceutical composition or wherein the composition is a pharmaceutical composition.

30. A granulocyte and / or precursor thereof, population of cells, or composition according to any one of claims 17-29 for use in medicine.

31. A granulocyte and / or precursor thereof, population of cells, or composition according to any one of claims 17-29 for use in treating cancer.

32. A granulocyte and / or precursor thereof, population of cells, or composition according to any one of claims 17-29 for use in treating an infection.

33. A granulocyte and / or precursor thereof, population of cells, or composition according to any one of claims 17-29 for use in treating an autoimmune disease.

34. A method for treating a disorder comprising administering a granulocyte and / or precursor thereof, population of cells, or composition according to any one of claims 17- 29 to a subject.

35. A method for treating cancer comprising administering a granulocyte and / or precursor thereof, population of cells, or composition according to any one of claims 17-29 to a subject.

36. A method for treating an infection comprising administering a granulocyte and / or precursor thereof, population of cells, or composition according to any one of claims 17- 29 to a subject.

37. A method for treating an autoimmune disease comprising administering a granulocyte and / or precursor thereof, population of cells, or composition according to any one of claims 17-29 to a subject.

38. Use of a granulocyte and / or precursor thereof, population of cells, or composition according to any one of claims 17-29 in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disorder.

39. Use of a granulocyte and / or precursor thereof, population of cells, or composition according to any one of claims 17-29 in the manufacture of a medicament for treating cancer.

40. Use of a granulocyte and / or precursor thereof, population of cells, or composition according to any one of claims 17-29 in the manufacture of a medicament for treating an infection.

41. Use of a granulocyte and / or precursor thereof, population of cells, or composition according to any one of claims 17-29 in the manufacture of a medicament for treating an autoimmune disease.

42. The granulocyte and / or precursor thereof, population of cells, or composition for use, use or method according to any one of claims 31, 35, or 39, wherein the cancer is one or more cancers selected from head and neck cancer, cervical cancer, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, oesophageal cancer, stomach cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, brain cancer, prostate cancer, myeloma cancer, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), larynx cancer, uterine cancer, and / or breast cancer.

43. The granulocyte and / or precursor thereof, population of cells, or composition for use, use or method according to any one of claims 31, 35, 39, or 42, wherein the cancer is head and neck cancer.

44. The granulocyte and / or precursor thereof, population of cells, or composition for use, use or method according to any one of claims 31, 35, 39, or 42, wherein the cancer is cervical cancer.

45. A kit comprising: (a) a granulocyte and / or precursor thereof, population of cells, or composition according to any one of claims 17-29; and(b) optionally instructions for use of the same in medicine, e.g. in treating cancer and / or an infection and / or an autoimmune disorder.

Images