Method and a system for enhancing random access channel (RACH) procedure

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a system (108) and a method (400) for enhancing RACH procedure The method (400) includes receiving, by a network node (302), a request from User Equipment (UE) (104) to initiate the RACH procedure. The request includes a set of Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) preambles. Further, the method (400) includes determining, by the network node (302), whether one or more network condition associated with the UE (104) is less than a preconfigured network condition threshold. The method (400) further includes selecting, by the network node (302), a PRACH preamble from the set of the PRACH preambles for initiating the RACH procedure for the UE (104) based on the determination. Further, the method (400) includes performing, by the network node (302), a Low Spectral Efficiency (Low SE) table based RACH procedure and a Radio Resource Control (RRC) transmission setup for the UE (104) based on the selection.

Description

METHOD AND A SYSTEM FOR ENHANCING RANDON ACCESS CHANNEL (RACH) PROCEDURERESERVATION OF RIGHTS

[0001] A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material, which is subject to intellectual property rights such as, but are not limited to, copyright, design, trademark, Integrated Circuit (IC) layout design, and / or trade dress protection, belonging to JIO PLATFORMS LIMITED or its affiliates (hereinafter referred as owner). The owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all rights whatsoever. All rights to such intellectual property are fully reserved by the owner.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates to a field of telecommunications network. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a method and a system for enhancing Randon Access Channel (RACH) procedure.DEFINITION

[0003] As used in the present disclosure, the following terms are generally intended to have the meaning as set forth below, except to the extent that the context in which they are used to indicate otherwise.

[0004] The term ‘Cell Edge condition’ as used herein in the specification refers to the situation where a User Equipment (UE), such as a smartphone, a phablet, a server, a tablet, etc. is located near the boundary of a cell's coverage area.

[0005] The term ‘MSG2’ used herein in the specification refers to a Random Access Response (RAR) message, which is the second message in the four-step Random Access Procedure used in Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and New Radio (NR) networks. The RAR is sent by the eNodeB (in LTE) or gNodeB (in NR) to respond to the UE's initial random access attempt.

[0006] The term ‘MSG4’ used herein in the specification refers to MAC data, which is for Contention Resolution between the UE and the network. After processing MSG3, the gNB sends MSG4 to the UE. The Contention Resolution message contains the UE's identity, confirming that the gNB has correctly identified the UE, and contention has been resolved.

[0007] The term ‘Radio Resource Control (RRC)’, as used herein in the specification refers to a layer in the LTE and 5G cellular network architecture responsible for managing the connection between the user equipment (UE) and the network.

[0008] The term ‘RRC SETUP’ as used herein in the specification refers to a message used by the evolved NodeB (eNodeB) or next-generation NodeB (gNodeB) to initiate the establishment of an RRC connection with the UE. The procedure is fundamental for setting up the communication link between the UE and the network.

[0009] The term ‘64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (64-QAM)’, as used herein in the specification, refers to a modulation scheme used in wireless communication systems. In 64-QAM, each symbol represents 6 bits of data, with 64 different possible symbol states, achieved by combining 6 bits into one of 64 different combinations of amplitude and phase variations. The 64-QAM is used to increase the data rate by enabling higher-order modulation.

[0010] The term ‘Low Spectral Efficiency (Low SE) table’, as used herein in the specification, refers to a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) table that operates with a lower code rate, including more redundant bits for Forward Error Correction (FEC). In 5G, the 64QAM Low SE table is specifically designed to improve reliability in poor radio conditions by trading off spectral efficiency for robustness.

[0011] The term ‘Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS)’, as used herein in the specification, refers to a parameter that determines how many useful bits can be transmitted per Resource Element (RE) in a wireless link. The MCS is defined by two aspects such as modulation order, which specifies how many bits are mapped to each symbol, and a coding rate, which represents the ratio of useful bits to total transmitted bits.

[0012] The term ‘Forward Error Correction (FEC)’, as used herein in the specification, refers to an error control technique in which redundant bits are added to the transmitted data to allow the receiver to detect and correct errors without requiring retransmission. The FEC increases reliability in wireless communication by enabling the UE to recover the original information even under poor radio conditions, interference, or fading, reducing the need for repeated transmissions.

[0013] The term ‘Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA- RNTI)’, as used herein in the specification, refers to temporary identifier assigned by the gNB during the random access procedure. The RA-RNTI is used to identify the UE’s random access attempt and to link the Random Access Response (MSG2) to the corresponding preamble transmitted by the UE.

[0014] The term ‘Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI)’, as used herein in the specification, refers to a unique identifier assigned to a UE after successful contention resolution in the random access procedure. The C-RNTI is used for subsequent communications between the UE and the gNB within the cell.

[0015] The term ‘Random Access Preamble Identifier (RAPID)’, as used herein in the specification, refers to an identifier contained in MSG2 that matches the preamble sequence transmitted by the UE in MSG1. The RAPID ensures the UE can identify that the response corresponds to its random access attempt.

[0016] The term ‘Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)’, as used herein in the specification, refers to a physical uplink channel used by the UE to transmit data and signalling information to the gNB. In the RACH procedure, the MSG3 is transmitted over the PUSCH using the uplink resources allocated in MSG2.

[0017] The term ‘Contention Resolution’, as used herein in the specification, refers to process performed by the gNB after receiving MSG3 to confirm the identity of the UE. The contention resolution ensures that, in case multiple UEs selected the same random preamble, only one UE is granted access. The gNB sends MSG4 containing the UE’s identity, and upon successful decoding, the UE is assigned a C-RNTI.

[0018] The term ‘Random Access Chanel (RACH)’, as used herein in the specification, refers to a logical channel used in networks for initial access and random access procedures. In LTE and 5G networks, the RACH allows the UE to initiate communication with the network when the UE first connects or when the UE needs to re-establish communication. The RACH procedure helps in synchronizing the UE with the network and obtaining necessary resources for data transmission.

[0019] The term ‘Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) preamble’, as used herein in the specification, refers to a specific type of signal used in networks, such as LTE and 5G, for initiating communication between the UE and the network. The PRACH preamble is a part of the random access procedure, which allows the UE to establish initial contact with the network.

[0020] The term ‘Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)’ as used herein in the specification refers to a linear average of the received power of the Resource Elements (REs) carrying the reference signals within a given measurement bandwidth. The reference signals are typically the Cell-specific Reference Signals (CRS) in LTE or the Synchronization Signals (SS) and Channel State Information Reference Signals (CSI-RS) in 5GNR.

[0021] The term ‘Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ)’ as used herein in the specification refers to a ratio of the RSRP to the carrier's Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). The RSRQ indicates the signal quality relative to the noise and interference present in the network.

[0022] These definitions are in addition to those expressed in the art.BACKGROUND

[0023] The following description of related art is intended to provide background information pertaining to the field of the disclosure. This section may include certain aspects of the art that may be related to various features of the present disclosure. However, it should be appreciated that this section be used only to enhance the understanding of the reader with respect to the present disclosure, and not as admissions of prior art.

[0024] In wireless communication networks, such as LTE, Fifth Generation (5G) systems and Sixth Generation (6G), efficient and reliable initial attach procedure is critical for providing a seamless user experience. The initial attach procedure allows a User Equipment (UE) to establish a connection with the network. The initial attach procedure involves several key message exchanges, including MSG1 (Random Access Preamble), MSG2 (Random Access Response), MSG3 (RRC Connection Request), and MSG4 (RRC Connection Setup). The 6G technology promises to build upon these advancements, pushing the boundaries of wireless communication even further. While the 5G technology is still being rolled out globally, research and development into the 6G are rapidly progressing, with the aim of revolutionizing the way we connect and interact with technology.

[0025] However, UEs located at a cell edge or in poor radio conditions often face significant challenges during the initial attach process. The UEs may have a higher probability of failing to decode essential messages, such as MSG2 (RAR) and MSG4, as well as the RRC Connection Setup messages. Failing to decode the messages correctly can cause various problems and negatively impact the user experience by introducing delays and service interruptions while increasing resource consumption and network congestion. Specifically, the necessity for retransmitting the messages due to decoding failures leads to additional Random Access Channel (RACH) congestion and setup delays. The current methodologies do not adequately address the underlying problem of poor decoding performance and high resource utilization in adverse radio conditions.

[0026] There is, therefore, a need in the art to provide a method and a system that can mitigate the disadvantages of the prior art.SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0027] In an exemplary embodiment, a method for for enhancing a Random Access Chanel (RACH) procedure is described. The method includes receiving, by a network node, a request from a User Equipment (UE) to initiate the RACH procedure. The request includes a set of Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) preambles. Further, the method includes determining, by the network node, whether one or more network condition associated with the UE is less than apreconfigured network condition threshold. The method further includes selecting, by the network node, a PRACH preamble from the set of the PRACH preambles for initiating the RACH procedure for the UE based on the determination. Further, the method includes performing, by the network node, a Low Spectral Efficiency (Low SE) table based RACH procedure and a Radio Resource Control (RRC) transmission setup for the UE based on the selection.

[0028] In an embodiment, the network node includes one of a gNodeB (gNB), eNodeB (eNB), or another base station in a network.

[0029] In another embodiment, the one or more network condition includes a Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) and a Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ).

[0030] In another embodiment, the set of Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) preambles include an Information Elements (IE) associated with the Low SE table.

[0031] In another embodiment, performing the Low SE table based RACH procedure, the method includes receiving, by the network node, the PRACH preamble comprising the IE and an associated random sequence number from the UE. Further, the method includes transmitting, by the network node, a plurality of information associated with the received PRACH preamble to the UE. The plurality of information includes a Time Advance (TA), a Random Access Preamble Identifier (RAPID), and a Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI). The method includes receiving, by the network node, a RRC message based on the plurality of information associated with the received PRACH preamble via a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). Further, the method includes transmitting, by the network node, a contention resolution message to the UE. The contention resolution message confirms correct identification of the UE.

[0032] In another embodiment, the Low SE table is a 64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) Low SE table.

[0033] In another embodiment, the 64 QAM Low SE table introduces one or more redundant bits while performing the Low SE table based RACH procedure forperforming Forward Error Correction (FEC). The FEC corrects one or more errors present in data transmitted for requesting the Low SE table based RACH procedure.

[0034] In another embodiment, performing the low SE table-based RRC transmission setup for the UE, the method includes receiving, by the network node, an initial RRC connection request from the UE upon successful completion of the RACH procedure. Further, the method includes establishing, by the network node, an RRC connection with the UE.

[0035] In another exemplary embodiment, a system for enhancing Random Access Chanel (RACH) procedure is described. The system includes a receiving unit configured to receive a request from a User Equipment (UE) to initiate the RACH procedure. The request includes a set of Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) preambles. Further, the system includes a processing unit configured to determine whether one or more network condition associated with the UE is less than a preconfigured network condition threshold. The processing unit is configured to select a PRACH preamble from the set of the PRACH preambles for initiating the RACH procedure for the UE based on the determination. Further, the processing unit is configured to perform a Low Spectral Efficiency (Low SE) table based RACH procedure and a Radio Resource Control (RRC) transmission setup for the UE based on the selection.

[0036] In another embodiment, a user equipment (UE) communicatively coupled with a network is disclosed. The coupling includes receiving, by the network, a connection request from the at least one UE. Further, the coupling includes sending, by the network, an acknowledgment of the connection request to the at least one UE. The coupling includes transmitting a plurality of signals in response to the connection request. A Random Access Chanel (RACH) procedure is enhanced in the network by a method. The method includes receiving, by a network node, a request from a User Equipment (UE) to initiate the RACH procedure. The request includes a set of Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) preambles. Further, the method includes determining, by the network node, whether one or more network condition associated with the UE is less than a preconfigured network condition threshold. The method further includes selecting, by the network node, a PRACH preamble from the set of the PRACH preambles for initiating the RACHprocedure for the UE based on the determination. Further, the method includes performing, by the network node, a Low Spectral Efficiency (Low SE) table based RACH procedure and a Radio Resource Control (RRC) transmission setup for the UE based on the selection.

[0037] In yet another embodiment, a computer program product including a non- transitory computer-readable medium including instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to execute a method for enhancing Random Access Chanel (RACH) procedure is disclosed. The method includes receiving, by a network node, a request from a User Equipment (UE) to initiate the RACH procedure. The request includes a set of Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) preambles. Further, the method includes determining, by the network node, whether one or more network condition associated with the UE is less than a preconfigured network condition threshold. The method further includes selecting, by the network node, a PRACH preamble from the set of the PRACH preambles for initiating the RACH procedure for the UE based on the determination. Further, the method includes performing, by the network node, a Low Spectral Efficiency (Low SE) table based RACH procedure and a Radio Resource Control (RRC) transmission setup for the UE based on the selection.OBJECTIVES OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE

[0038] Some of the objectives of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies, are as follows:

[0039] An objective of the present disclosure is to provide a method and a system to improve the success rate of a Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure, especially for User Equipments (UEs) located at the cell edge or in poor radio conditions.

[0040] Another objective of the present disclosure is to provide a method and a system to decrease the number of retransmissions required during the initial attach procedure by ensuring that UEs successfully decode critical messages (e.g., MSG2, MSG4, RRC SETUP) on the first attempt.

[0041] Another objective of the present disclosure is to provide a method and a system to optimize the use of network resources by reducing unnecessary retransmissions and improving the efficiency of the initial attach procedure for UEs in challenging radio environments.

[0042] Another objective of the present disclosure is to enhance the user experience for the UEs in poor radio conditions by ensuring a smoother and faster initial attach procedure, reducing delays and connection issues.

[0043] Another objective of the present disclosure is to utilize a 64-QAM Low Spectral Efficiency (SE) table with a lower coding rate during the RACH procedure for the UEs in poor radio conditions to improve the likelihood of successful message decoding.

[0044] Another objective of the present disclosure is to develop mechanisms for a network (gNB) to identify the UEs in poor radio conditions and apply the 64-QAM Low SE scheduling.

[0045] Another objective of the present disclosure is to ensure a reliable Radio Resource Control (RRC) setup for UEs experiencing low signal quality, facilitating a more stable connection establishment.

[0046] Other objectives and advantages of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following description, which is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein, and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosed methods and systems in which like reference numerals refer to the same parts throughout the different drawings. Components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present disclosure. Some drawings may indicate the components using block diagrams and may not represent the internal circuitry of each component. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that disclosure of such drawings includes the disclosureof electrical components, electronic components or circuitry commonly used to implement such components.

[0048] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary network architecture of a system configured for enhancing a Random Access Chanel (RACH) procedure, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0049] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of the system configured for enhancing the RACH procedure, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary process flow for enhancing the RACH procedure, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0051] FIG. 4 illustrates a flow diagram of a method for enhancing the RACH procedure, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0052] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary computer system in which or with which the embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.

[0053] The foregoing shall be more apparent from the following detailed description of the disclosure.LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS100 - Network architecture102 - User(s)104 -User Equipments (UEs)106 - Network108 - System200 - Block diagram202 - Processor(s)204 - Memory206 -Interface(s)208 - Receiving unit210 - Database212 - Processing unit300 - Flow Diagram400 - Flow Diagram500 - A computer system510 - External Storage Device520 - Bus530 - Main Memory540 - Read Only Memory550 - Mass Storage Device560 - Communication Port570 - ProcessorDETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, various specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent, however, that embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. Several features described hereafter can each be used independently of one another or with any combination of other features. An individual feature may not address any of the problems discussed above or might address only some of the problems discussed above. Some of the problems discussed above might not be fully addressed by any of the features described herein. Example embodiments of the present disclosure are described below, as illustrated in various drawings inwhich like reference numerals refer to the same parts throughout the different drawings.

[0055] The ensuing description provides exemplary embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the disclosure. Rather, the ensuing description of the exemplary embodiments will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing an exemplary embodiment. It should be understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as set forth.

[0056] Specific details are given in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. For example, circuits, systems, networks, processes, and other components may be shown as components in block diagram form in order not to obscure the embodiments in unnecessary detail. In other instances, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without unnecessary detail in order to avoid obscuring the embodiments.

[0057] Also, it is noted that individual embodiment may be described as a process that is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a data flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flowchart may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed but could have additional steps not included in a figure. A process may correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, its termination can correspond to a return of the function to the calling function or the main function.

[0058] The word “exemplary” and / or “demonstrative” is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. For the avoidance of doubt, the subject matter disclosed herein is not limited by such examples. In addition, any aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” and / or “demonstrative” is notnecessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs, nor is it meant to preclude equivalent exemplary structures and techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “includes,” “has,” “contains,” and other similar words are used in either the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive like the term “comprising” as an open transition word without precluding any additional or other elements.

[0059] Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” or “an instance” or “one instance” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0060] The terminology used herein is to describe particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and / or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It should be noted that the terms “mobile device”, “user equipment”, “user device”, “communication device”, “device” and similar terms are used interchangeably for the purpose of describing the invention. These terms are not intended to limit the scope of the invention or imply any specific functionality or limitations on the described embodiments. The use of these terms is solely for convenience and clarity of description. The invention is not limited to any particular type of device or equipment, and it should be understood that other equivalent terms or variationsthereof may be used interchangeably without departing from the scope of the invention as defined herein.

[0061] As used herein, an “electronic device”, or “portable electronic device”, or “user device” or “communication device” or “user equipment” or “device” refers to any electrical, electronic, electromechanical, and computing device. The user device is capable of receiving and / or transmitting one or parameters, performing function / s, communicating with other user devices, and transmitting data to the other user devices. The user equipment may have a processor, a display, a memory, a battery, and an input-means such as a hard keypad and / or a soft keypad. The user equipment may be capable of operating on any radio access technology including but not limited to IP-enabled communication, Zig Bee, Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy, Near Field Communication, Z-Wave, Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi direct, etc. For instance, the user equipment may include, but not limited to, a mobile phone, smartphone, virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, laptop, a general -purpose computer, desktop, personal digital assistant, tablet computer, mainframe computer, or any other device as may be obvious to a person skilled in the art for implementation of the features of the present disclosure.

[0062] Further, the user device may also comprise a “processor” or “processing unit” includes processing unit, wherein processor refers to any logic circuitry for processing instructions. The processor may be a general -purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a Digital Signalling Processing (DSP) core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits, Field Programmable Gate Array circuits, any other type of integrated circuits, etc. The processor may perform signal coding data processing, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the working of the system according to the present disclosure. More specifically, the processor is a hardware processor.

[0063] While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the components and component parts of the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that many embodiments can be made and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the disclosure. These andother changes in the preferred embodiment, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation.

[0064] Wireless communication technology has rapidly evolved over the past few decades. The first generation of wireless communication technology was analog, offering only voice services. Further, text messaging and data services became possible when the second-generation (2G) technology was introduced. The third generation (3G) technology marked the introduction of high-speed internet access, mobile video calling, and location-based services. The fourth generation (4G) technology revolutionized the wireless communication with faster data speeds, improved network coverage, and security. Currently, fifth generation (5G) technology is being deployed, offering significantly faster data speeds, lower latency, and the ability to connect many devices simultaneously. These advancements represent a significant leap forward from previous generations, enabling enhanced mobile broadband, improved Internet of Things (loT) connectivity, and more efficient use of network resources. The sixth generation (6G) technology promises to build upon these advancements, pushing the boundaries of wireless communication even further. While the 5G technology is still being rolled out globally, research and development into the 6G are rapidly progressing, with the aim of revolutionizing the way to connect and interact with technology.

[0065] In the wireless telecommunication networks, a Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure is crucial for a user equipment (UE) to establish an initial connection with the network. However, UEs at the cell edge or in poor radio conditions often face challenges in successfully completing this procedure due to difficulties in decoding critical messages (MSG2, MSG4) and the Radio Resource Control (RRC) setup during the initial attach process. The failed decoding situation leads to increased retransmissions, resulting in resource wastage and degraded user experience.

[0066] A Link Adaptation was introduced in gNodeB (gNB) for Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) scheme in 5G and 6G networks. The main purposeof the link adaptation is to correct estimated Signal-to-Interference Plus-Noise ratio (SINK) at gNB and select the appropriate Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) so the UE may decode the data successfully. The Link adaptation is necessary for mobile communications because of the diverse wireless conditions of the channel due to mobility of users, interference, fading and shadowing effects, and the estimated SINR being different from the actual value.

[0067] The conventional techniques struggle to ensure a high success rate for the RACH procedure in cell edge or poor radio conditions. The UEs in such conditions have a higher probability of failing to decode the necessary messages during the initial attach, leading to significant delays and inefficient use of network resources, impacting the user experience negatively and also increases the overall load on the network. The traditional link adaptation schemes like Outer Loop Link Adaptation (OLLA) improve the channel estimation by correcting the estimated SINR with some correction factor dependent on the Block Error Rate (BLER) target. But the OLLA scheme has a low convergence such as, it takes several Transmission Time Intervals (TTIs) to adjust to the channel variations.

[0068] There is, therefore, a need for a method and a system that enhance the RACH procedure to reduce retransmissions of MSG2 and MSG4 messages. The present disclosure provides an enhanced method and the system to initiate the RACH procedure using a Low 64 QAM Low Spectral Efficiency (Low SE) table.

[0069] To address the issues, the present disclosure uses a 64 QAM Low Spectral Efficiency (Low SE) table for the UEs during the initial attach procedure. By reserving specific PRACH preambles for the UEs in poor radio conditions, the network employs the 64 QAM Low SE modulation scheme, featuring a lower code rate and more redundant bits. The approach enhances the reliability of the RACH procedure and reduces the likelihood of retransmissions. The scheduling based on the 64 QAM Low SE table may be managed through SIB 1, where the UEs detecting low RSRP / RSRQ latches onto the appropriate preambles for a more robust initial attach.

[0070] Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The various embodimentsthroughout the disclosure will be explained in more detail with reference to FIG. 1- FIG. 5.

[0071] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary network architecture 100 of a system 108 for enhancing the RACH procedure, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the network architecture 100 may include one or more User Equipments (UEs) 104-1, 104-2. . . 104-N associated with one or more users 102-1, 102-2... 102-N in an environment. A person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that one or more users 102-1, 102-2. . . 102-N may be collectively referred to as the users 102. Similarly, a person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that one or more UEs 104-1, 104-2. . . 104-N may be collectively referred to as the UE 104 or the UEs 104. Although only three UE 104 are depicted in FIG. 1, however, any number of the UE 104 may be included without departing from the scope of the ongoing description.

[0072] In an embodiment, the UE 104 may include smart devices operating in a smart environment, for example, Internet of Things (loT) system. In such an embodiment, the UE 104 may include, but are not limited to, smartphones, smart watches, smart sensors (e.g., a mechanical, a thermal, an electrical, a magnetic, etc.), networked appliances, networked peripheral devices, networked lighting system, communication devices, networked vehicle accessories, networked vehicular devices, smart accessories, tablets, a smart television (TV), computers, a smart security system, a smart home system, other devices for monitoring or interacting with or for the users 102 and / or entities, or any combination thereof. A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the UE 104 may include, but not limited to, intelligent, multi-sensing, network-connected devices, that may integrate seamlessly with each other and / or with a central server or a cloudcomputing system or any other device that is network-connected.

[0073] Additionally, in some embodiments, the UE 104 may include, but not limited to, a handheld wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, a smartphone, a phablet device, and so on), a wearable computer device (e.g., a headmounted display computer device, a head-mounted camera device, a wristwatch computer device, and so on), a Global Positioning System (GPS) device, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, or another type of portable computer, a media playingdevice, a portable gaming system, and / or any other type of computer device with wireless communication capabilities, and the like. In an embodiment, the UE 104 may include, but are not limited to, any electrical, electronic, electromechanical, or equipment, or a combination of one or more of the above devices, such as virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, a laptop, a general-purpose computer, a desktop, a personal digital assistant, a tablet computer, a mainframe computer, or any other computing device. Further, the UE 104 may include one or more in-built or externally coupled accessories including, but not limited to, a visual aid device such as a camera, an audio aid, a microphone, a keyboard, and input devices for receiving input from the user 102 or an entity such as a touchpad, a touch-enabled screen, an electronic pen, and the like. A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the UE 104 may not be restricted to the mentioned devices and various other devices may be used.

[0074] In FIG. 1, the UE 104 may communicate with the system 108 through the network 106 for sending or receiving various types of data. In an embodiment, the network 106 may include at least one of a 5th Generation (5G) network, a 6th Generation (6G) network, or the like. The network 106 may enable the UE 104 to communicate with other devices in the network architecture 100 and / or with the system 108. The network 106 may include a wireless card or some other transceiver connection to facilitate this communication. In another embodiment, the network 106 may be implemented as, or include any of a variety of different communication technologies such as a wide area network (WAN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless network, a mobile network, a Virtual Private Network (VPN), the Internet, the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), or the like.

[0075] In an embodiment, the network 106 may include, by way of example but not limitation, at least a portion of one or more networks having one or more nodes that transmit, receive, forward, generate, buffer, store, route, switch, process, or a combination thereof, etc. one or more messages, packets, signals, waves, voltage or current levels, some combination thereof, or so forth. The network 106 may also include, by way of example but not limitation, one or more of, a wireless network, a wired network, an internet, an intranet, a public network, a private network, a packet-switched network, a circuit-switched network, an ad hoc network, aninfrastructure network, the PSTN, a cable network, a cellular network, a satellite network, a fiber optic network, or some combination thereof.

[0076] In an embodiment, the UE 104 is communicatively coupled with the network 106. The network 106 may receive a connection request from the UE 104. The network 106 may send an acknowledgment of the connection request to the UE 104. The UE 104 may transmit a plurality of signals in response to the connection request.

[0077] In an embodiment, the system 108 may be configured to enhance the RACH procedure in the network 106. Further, the system 108 may include a receiving unit configured to receive a request from the UE 104 to initiate the RACH procedure. The request includes a set of Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) preambles. Further, the system 108 may include a processing unit 212 configured to determine whether one or more network condition associated with the UE 104 is less than a preconfigured network condition threshold. The processing unit 212 is configured to select a PRACH preamble from the set of the PRACH preambles for initiating the RACH procedure for the UE 104 based on the determination. Further, the processing unit 212 may be configured to perform a Low Spectral Efficiency (Low SE) table based RACH procedure and a Radio Resource Control (RRC) transmission setup for the UE 104 based on the selection.

[0078] Although FIG. 1 shows exemplary components of the network architecture 100, in other embodiments, the network architecture 100 may include fewer components, different components, differently arranged components, or additional functional components than depicted in FIG. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the network architecture 100 may perform functions described as being performed by one or more other components of the network architecture 100.

[0079] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary block diagram 200 of the system 108 configured for enhancing the RACH procedure, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. FIG. 2 is explained in conjunction with FIG. 1.

[0080] In an embodiment, the system 108 may include one or more processor(s) 202. The one or more processor(s) 202 may be implemented as one or moremicroprocessors, microcomputers, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, central processing units, logic circuitries, and / or any devices that process data based on operational instructions. Among other capabilities, the one or more processor(s) 202 may be configured to fetch and execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory 204 of the system 108. The memory 204 may be configured to store one or more computer-readable instructions or routines in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, which may be fetched and executed to create or share data packets over a network service. The memory 204 may include any non-transitory storage device including, for example, volatile memory such as a Random-Access Memory (RAM), or a non-volatile memory such as an Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM), a flash memory, and the like.

[0081] In an embodiment, the one or more processor 202 may be implemented as a combination of hardware and programming (for example, programmable instructions) to implement one or more functionalities of the one or more processor 202. In examples described herein, such combinations of hardware and programming may be implemented in several different ways. For example, the programming for the one or more processor 202 may be processor-executable instructions stored on a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium, and the hardware for the one or more processor 202 may comprise a processing resource (for example, one or more processors) to execute such instructions. In the present examples, the machine-readable storage medium may store instructions that, when executed by the processing resource, implement the one or more processor 202. In such examples, the system 108 may comprise the machine-readable storage medium storing the instructions and the processing resource to execute the instructions, or the machine-readable storage medium may be separate but accessible to the system 108 and the processing resource. In other examples, the receiving unit 208 and the processing unit 212may be implemented by electronic circuitry. In an embodiment, the system 108 may include a receiving unit 208 and a processing unit 212. The receiving unit 208 and the processing unit 212 may be configured to communicate with the one or more processor 202, the UE 104, and the network 106. The receiving unit 208 and the processing unit 212 may be present within the network node (gNodeB) of the network 106 that is in communication with the system 108. In one embodiment, the system 108 may be implemented atthe network node with the network 106. In some embodiments, the receiving unit 208 and the processing unit 212 may be present within the one or more processor 202 of the system 108.

[0082] In an embodiment, the system 108 may include an interface(s) 206. The interface(s) 206 may include a variety of interfaces, for example, interfaces for data input and output devices (I / O), storage devices, and the like. The interface(s) 206 may facilitate communication through the system 108. The interface(s) 206 may also provide a communication pathway for one or more components of the system 108. Examples of such components include but are not limited to, the receiving unit 208, the processing unit 212 and a database 210.

[0083] In an embodiment, the receiving unit 208 is configured to receive a request from the UE 104 to initiate the RACH procedure. The request includes a set of Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) preambles. The network node may include one of a gNodeB (gNB), eNodeB (eNB), or another base station in a network. Further, the set of Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) preambles includes Information Elements (IE) associated with the Low SE table. The Low SE table is a 64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) Low SE table. The 64 QAM Low SE table introduces one or more redundant bits while performing the Low SE table based RACH procedure for performing Forward Error Correction (FEC). The FEC corrects one or more errors present in data transmitted for requesting the Low SE table based RACH procedure. The UE 104 may be configured to add a plurality of the IE to the set of the PRACH preambles for association with the Low SE64QAM table. The PRACH preambles are specific sequences of signals that the UE 104 transmits to initiate communication with the network 106. The PRACH preambles play a critical role in the RACH procedure, allowing the UE 104 to request access to the network 106. The PRACH preambles are designed as unique sequences to support the network 106 to distinguish between different UEs 104 that may try to connect simultaneously. Further, the IE may add identifiers associated with the Low SE64QAM table to the PRACH preambles.

[0084] The Low SE table is a specialized Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) table introduced in 5G systems to improve transmission reliability under poor radio conditions, such as at the cell edge or in high-interference environments. Unlikestandard MCS tables, the Low SE table employs lower coding rates, adding more redundant bits for Forward Error Correction (FEC) as explained in detail in FIG. 3. The redundancy reduces the bit error rate and minimizes the need for retransmissions. Although it transmits fewer useful bits per resource element, the Low SE table ensures robust decoding, stable connectivity, and higher success rates for critical control messages.

[0085] Further, the processing unit 212 is configured to determine whether one or more network condition associated with the UE 104 is less than a preconfigured network condition threshold. The one or more network condition includes a Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) and a Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ). In an embodiment, the processing unit 212 is configured to evaluate one or more radio network conditions associated with the UE 104 in order to determine the suitability of using a specific transmission configuration during the RACH and RRC setup procedures. In particular, the processing unit 212 retrieves performance metrics such as the RSRP / RSRQ from the UE 104, which are widely recognized as indicators of downlink signal strength and signal quality, respectively. The RSRP measurement corresponds to the average power level of reference signals received from the serving cell and provides an indication of coverage strength at the UE location. The RSRQ measurement represents the ratio of RSRP to the total received wideband power (including noise and interference) and serves as a metric of link quality and interference conditions. The processing unit 212 compares the retrieved RSRP and RSRQ values against preconfigured network condition thresholds, which may be provisioned by the base station, stored in system information blocks, or configured as policy parameters. When the RSRP and / or RSRQ values are determined to fall below such preconfigured network condition threshold, the processing unit 212 infers that the UE 104 is operating under poor radio conditions or is located at the cell edge.

[0086] The processing unit 212 is configured to select a PRACH preamble from the set of the PRACH preambles for initiating the RACH procedure for the UE 104 based on the determination. Upon detecting the Low RSRP or a Low RSRQ condition, the UE 104 may be configured to use one of the sets of the PRACH preamble for the RACH procedure. The UE 104 may randomly select the PRACHpreamble from the set of the PRACH preamble to access the network 106. The random selection ensures minimum chances of collision with other UEs 104 attempting to connect at the same time.

[0087] In an embodiment, the IE may be introduced in a System Information Block 1 (SIB1) to associate the set of PRACH preambles with a specific feature configuration, such as the use of the Low SE Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) table. The IE may be referred as a FeatureCombinationPreambles, allows the gNB of the network 106 to broadcast a mapping between a designated set of PRACH preambles and a corresponding feature treatment. When the UE 104 detects poor radio conditions based on the RSRP / RSRQ, the UE 104 may voluntarily select one of the PRACH preambles with the IE during the random access attempt. The selection implicitly indicates to the network that subsequent uplink and downlink signalling should be scheduled using the Low SE table, ensuring robust decoding and higher RACH success probability.

[0088] Further, the processing unit 212 is configured to perform a Low Spectral Efficiency (Low SE) table based RACH procedure and a Radio Resource Control (RRC) transmission setup for the UE 104 based on the selection. The processing unit 212 may be configured to request the LowSE64QAM table based Random Access Response (MSG2), a Radio Resource Control (RRC)-Connection Request (MSG3), an RRC Connection Setup (MSG4), and RRC SETUP transmission for the RACH procedure. The MSG2, MSG3, and MSG4 are essential messages used for communication between the UE 104 and the network 106 to set up the connection for the UE 104. To perform the Low SE table based RACH procedure, the processing unit 212 is configured to receive the PRACH preamble including the IE and an associated random sequence number from the UE 104. The random sequence number is appended to the selected PRACH preamble sequence to ensure uniqueness of the random access attempt and to assist the gNB in distinguishing concurrent preamble transmissions originating from multiple UEs. The UE selects the random sequence number autonomously, typically using a pseudo-random generator or a defined bit-length field, minimizing the probability of collision between simultaneous random access requests.

[0089] Further, the processing unit 212 is configured to transmit a plurality of information associated with the received PRACH preamble to the UE 104. The plurality of information includes a Time Advance (TA), a Random Access Preamble Identifier (RAPID), and a Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI). The TA is necessary to align the UE’s 104 uplink transmission timing with the gNB frame timing, compensating for propagation delay and ensuring that uplink symbols arrive within the correct guard period. The RAPID uniquely identifies the PRACH preamble sequence used by the UE 104, allowing the gNB to match the response with the correct random access attempt. The RA-RNTI may act as a temporary identifier assigned to the UE 104 for further communication during the random access procedure. The RA-RNTI enables the gNB to address the UE 104 in subsequent signaling (e.g., MSG2 and MSG4) without relying solely on PRACH preamble information.

[0090] In an exemplary embodiment, If the UE 104 is located at the cell edge, approximately 5 km away from the gNB, the propagation delay may be in the order of several microseconds. Without TA adjustment, the UE’s 104 uplink signal may arrive late and overlap with other transmissions, causing inter-symbol interference. By applying the TA value signaled by the gNB, the UE 104 transmits slightly earlier, such that the uplink signal reaches the gNB exactly within the allocated symbol boundaries. Further, if multiple UEs 104 transmit random access preambles in the same slot, UE-1 104-1 may select preamble sequence #12 while UE-2 104-2 selects preamble sequence #27. When the gNB receives MSG1, the gNB uses the RAPID field to distinguish between UE-1 104-2 and UE-2 104-2. Consequently, MSG2 is addressed separately to each UE 104 based on the RAPID, ensuring that the uplink grant and TA command are directed to the correct UE 104.

[0091] The processing unit 212 is configured to receive a RRC message based on the plurality of information associated with the received PRACH preamble via a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). Further, the processing unit 212 is configured to transmit a contention resolution message to the UE 104. The contention resolution message confirms correct identification of the UE 104. The contention resolution message is transmitted after the gNB processes the uplink message (MSG3) and is designed to confirm the identity of the successful UE 104that will be granted resources. The contention resolution message may carry the unique identifier of the UE 104, such as a Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI) or another UE-specific identifier. Upon receiving the contention resolution message, the UE 104 validates the identifier and proceeds with the connection establishment.

[0092] In an exemplary embodiment, the RACH procedure may include transmitting an MSG1, the MSG2, the MSG3, the MSG4, and the RRC SETUP between the UE 104 and the network 106. The MSG1 may be referred to as PRACH preamble transmission, including selecting a PRACH preamble from the set of PRACH preambles containing the IE. The PRACH preambles may be of two categories, a short preamble format and a long preamble format. The UE 104 also selects a random sequence number for the PRACH preamble. Upon selecting the preamble and the random sequence number, the UE 104 transmits the MSG1 on the PRACH.

[0093] Upon receiving the MSG1, the network 106 sends a response referred as MSG2 (RAR). The MSG2 consists of several critical pieces of information, such as a Time Advance (TA) command for timing adjustment, a Random Access Preamble ID (RAPID) matching the PRACH preamble sent by the UE 104, and an initial uplink grant for the UE 104. Further, the gNB 108 assigns a temporary identifier referred to as Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI) to the UE 104. Using the initial uplink grant provided in the MSG2, the UE 104 transmits MSG3 via the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). The MSG3 is a PUSCH that may carry a certain RRC message, such as RrcRequest or physical layer data or PHY data.

[0094] After processing the MSG3, the network 106 sends the MSG4 to the UE 104. The MSG4 is a MAC data for Contention Resolution. The Contention resolution message contains the UE's 104 identity, confirming that the network 106 is correctly identified the UE 104, and contention is resolved. At this step, network 106 provides UE 104 with the C-RNTI. Further, the RRC SETUP connection message is used to establish a (Signalling Radio Bearer 1) SRB1, containing configuration information for the SRB1. The SRB1 is used to carry control plane(signalling) messages between the UE 104 and the network 106 upon successful RACH procedure.

[0095] In an embodiment, to perform the low SE table-based RRC transmission setup for the UE 104. The processing unit 212 is configured to receive an initial RRC connection request from the UE 104 upon successful completion of the RACH procedure. Further, the processing unit 212 is configured to establish an RRC connection with the UE 104. Once the RACH procedure is successfully completed using the reserved Low SE preamble, the processing unit 212 is configured to proceed with the RRC setup phase for the UE 104. In an embodiment, the processing unit 212 receives an initial RRC connection request message transmitted by the UE 104. The message indicates the UE’s intent to establish an RRC connection with the serving cell and typically carries UE identity information and connection establishment cause values such as mobile-originated signalling, emergency call, or mobile-terminated services. Further, the processing unit 212 initiates the RRC connection setup procedure with the Low SE table applied to transmission scheduling, ensuring that the downlink RRC connection setup message and subsequent uplink responses are transmitted using the Low SE 64QAM table.

[0096] In an exemplary embodiment, consider a scenario where the gNB configures SIB1 with a FeatureCombinationPreambles IE associating preambles {Pl, P2, P3} with the Low SE 64QAM table. The UE located at the cell edge detects an RSRP of -115 dBm and an RSRQ of -17 dB, both of which are below the configured thresholds. During random access, the UE selects preamble P2 from the reserved group. Upon receiving MSG1 with P2, the gNB identifies that the UE is requesting Low SE treatment and responds with MSG2 scheduled using the Low SE 64QAM table. Consequently, subsequent transmissions, including MSG3, MSG4, and the RRC Setup message, also employ the Low SE table, ensuring reliable decoding despite weak radio conditions.

[0097] In one embodiment, the present disclosure use the MCS tables in New Radio (NR) as three different tables are defined, for example, Table 1 for 64QAM, Table 2 for 256QAM, Table 3 for low data rate. The low data rate table is also referred as the Low Spectral Efficiency (Low SE) table. The Low SE table introduces lowercoding rates and higher redundancy bits to achieve more reliable transmission under poor channel conditions. Further, the set of PRACH preambles provided to the UE is broadcast via RACH ConfigCommon in SIB1. The UE selects a preamble from among these preambles when initiating random access (MSG1). The UE also selects a random sequence number for the preamble. The provisions establish that PRACH preambles are system-broadcast parameters and that each UE autonomously selects both a preamble and a sequence number for initiating access. The present disclosure extends the above by reserving a subset of PRACH preambles, signalled in SIB1, that are explicitly linked with the Low SE scheduling treatment. When the UE experiencing poor RSRP / RSRQ conditions, the UE selects one of these reserved preambles, the gNB interprets such selection as an indication to perform scheduling for subsequent random access messages (MSG2, MSG3, MSG4) and the RRC Setup message using the Low SE table. The present disclosure utilizes standardized procedures while adding a mapping mechanism that improves random access reliability without requiring modifications to the fundamental protocol structure.

[0098] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary process flow 300 for enhancing the RACH procedure, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The process flow 300 may correspond to the communication between the UE 104 and a network node (gNB) 302 of the network 106 to establish the connection for the UE 104. FIG. 3 is explained in conjunction with the FIGs. 1 and 2.

[0099] At step 304, the UE 104 sends a PRACH preamble to the gNB 302. The gNB 302 provide radio access to the UE 104. The gNB 302 may be responsible for all radio interface functions, including scheduling, modulation and coding, resource allocation, and management of uplink and downlink transmissions. The PRACH preamble includes one of the pluralities of IE associated with a Low SE table. It should be noted that the UE 104 sends the PRACH preamble consisting of the IE in case of poor radio conditions or cell edge conditions. In an embodiment, the Low SE table may be a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) for minimizing retransmissions during the initial RACH procedure, in poor radio and edge cell conditions. The MCS may be defined as a ratio of useful bits transmitted per Resource Element (RE). The MCS depends on the radio signal quality of network106, as the higher MCS corresponds to a better quality of the radio condition, and the more useful bits may be transmitted within a symbol. Further, the lower MCS corresponds to poor radio conditions, resulting less useful bits transmitted with in a symbol.

[0100] In an embodiment, the MCS may defines two aspects modulation and code rate. The modulation may define be as a ration of bits carried by the single RE, whether the bits are useful bits or redundant bits. The code rate may be defined as the ratio between the useful bits and the total transmitted bits as represented in equation 1 :Code Rate (R) = useful bits I total transmitted bits .... (1)

[0101] The total transmitted bits include the useful bits and redundant bits as represented in equation 2: total transmitted bits = useful bits + redundant bits .... (2)

[0102] In an embodiment, the redundant bits are added for Forward Error Correction (FEC). In other words, the code rate is the ratio between the number of useful bits at the top of a Physical layer and the number of bits which are mapped to a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) at the bottom of the Physical layer.

[0103] At step 306, the gNB 302 may use a Low SE table based communication, such as the MSG2, MSG3, and MSG4, for initiating the RACH procedure. The Low SE table may be a Low SE64QAM table selected from one of the three MCS tables, such as a table-1 supporting 64 QAM, a table-2 supporting 256 QAM, table-3 supporting Low SE64QAM table. The Low SE64QAM table is used for initiating the RACH procedure in poor radio or cell edge conditions, due to low coding rate. The low coding rate may represent more redundant bits for FEC, such as sending enough redundant data to correct errors in transmitted data and no need to retransmit data to reduce bit error rate, enabling higher reliable data transmission.

[0104] At step 308, the gNB 302 may use the Low SE64QAM table for the RRC SETUP message transmission to the UE 104. The successful transmission of theRRC SETUP message ensures the UE 104 is connected to the gNB 302. The RRC SETUP message contains details about the radio resources allocated to the UE 104, including configuration for Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) and the PDSCH. Further, the UE 104 may confirm the RRC SETUP by sending an RRC SETUP connection complete message. The message may include additional information, such as the security mode and capabilities of the UE 104. Once, the RRC SETUP procedure is complete, the UE 104 may begin exchanging data with the network 106, utilizing the allocated radio resources. The RRC setup is essential for managing the network's resources efficiently and ensuring reliable communication.

[0105] In an exemplary embodiment, if a User device (UE), such as smartphone is in cell edge condition, having higher chance of failing to decode MSG2(RAR) or MSG4 as well as RRC SETUP during initial RACH procedure. The UE adds an Information Element (IE) associated with the Low SE64QAM table to a group of PRACH preambles. The IE may be a FeatureCombinationPreamble associated with a set of PRACH preambles with a feature combination. For parameters provided in the IE, the UE applies the field value when performing Random Access using the PRACH preamble in the FeatureCombinationPreamble. The UE detects low RSRP / RSRQ condition and use the PRACH preamble from the group of PRACH preambles to start the RACH procedure. Further, the UE requests for LowSE64QAM table based MSG2, MSG3, MSG4 as well as RRC SETUP transmission and accordingly the gNB allocate the resources for the UE.

[0106] FIG. 4 illustrates a flow diagram of a method 400 for enhancing the RACH procedure, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method 400 may be implemented by the UE 104 and the network node 302 of the network 106. FIG. 4 is explained in conjunction with the FIGs. 1, 2, and 3.

[0107] At step 402, a network node may receive a request from a User Equipment (UE) to initiate the RACH procedure. The request includes a set of Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) preambles. The network node may include one of a gNodeB (gNB), eNodeB (eNB), or another base station in a network. Further, the set of Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) preambles includes Information Elements (IE) associated with the Low SE table. The Low SE table isa 64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) Low SE table. The 64 QAM Low SE table introduces one or more redundant bits while performing the Low SE table based RACH procedure for performing Forward Error Correction (FEC). The FEC corrects one or more errors present in data transmitted for requesting the Low SE table based RACH procedure.

[0108] At step 404, the network node may determine whether one or more network condition associated with the UE is less than a preconfigured network condition threshold. The one or more network condition includes a Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) and a Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ). In simple words, the network node evaluates the quality of the radio link between the UE and the serving cell by checking one or more network conditions, such as the RSRP, which indicates how strong the received signal is, and the RSRQ, which shows how clean or interference-free the signal is. The RSRQ / RSRP values are compared against a preconfigured thresholds. If either RSRP or RSRQ is lower than the threshold, the network node identifies that the UE is in a weak coverage area (e.g., cell edge or poor radio environment) and may need special handling, such as scheduling with a Low SE table to improve reliability.

[0109] At step 406, the network node may select a PRACH preamble from the set of the PRACH preambles for initiating the RACH procedure for the UE based on the determination. Once the network node has determined the network condition of the UE, the network node selects an appropriate PRACH preamble from the set of PRACH preambles to begin the RACH procedure. If the UE is determined to be in poor coverage or at the cell edge, the network node chooses a PRACH preamble that is specifically reserved for Low SE scheduling. The selection ensures that the UE’s subsequent random access messages (e.g., MSG2, MSG3, MSG4) are transmitted using a more robust coding scheme with higher redundancy, improving the chances of successful communication under weak signal conditions.

[0110] At step 408, the network node may perform a Low Spectral Efficiency (Low SE) table based RACH procedure and a Radio Resource Control (RRC) transmission setup for the UE based on the selection. To perform the Low SE table based RACH procedure, the network node may receive the PRACH preamble comprising the IE and an associated random sequence number from the UE.Further, the network node may transmit a plurality of information associated with the received PRACH preamble to the UE. The plurality of information includes a Time Advance (TA), a Random Access Preamble Identifier (RAPID), and a Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI). The network node may further receive a RRC message based on the plurality of information associated with the received PRACH preamble via a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). Further, the network node may transmit a contention resolution message to the UE. The contention resolution message confirms correct identification of the UE.[oni] In an embodiment, to perform performing the low SE table-based RRC transmission setup for the UE. The network node may receive an initial RRC connection request from the UE upon successful completion of the RACH procedure. Further, the network node may establish an RRC connection with the UE.

[0112] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary computer system 500 in which or with which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. As shown in FIG. 5, the computer system 500 may include an external storage device 510, a bus 520, a main memory 530, a read-only memory 540, a mass storage device 550, communication port(s) 560, and a processor 570. A person skilled in the art will appreciate that the computer system 500 may include more than one processor and communication ports. The processor 570 may include various modules associated with embodiments of the present disclosure. The communication port(s) 560 may be any of an RS-232 port for use with a modem-based dialup connection, a 10 / 100 Ethernet port, a Gigabit or 10 Gigabit port using copper or fiber, a serial port, a parallel port, or other existing or future ports. The communication port(s) 560 may be chosen depending on a network, such a Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), or any network to which the computer system 500 connects.

[0113] The main memory 530 may be a Random Access Memory (RAM), or any other dynamic storage device commonly known in the art. The read-only memory 540 may be any static storage device(s) e.g., but not limited to, a Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM) chips for storing static information e.g., start-up or Basic Input / Output System (BIOS) instructions for the processor 570. The massstorage device 550 may be any current or future mass storage solution, which can be used to store information and / or instructions. Exemplary mass storage device 550 includes, but is not limited to, Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment (PATA) or Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) hard disk drives or solid-state drives (internal or external, e.g., having Universal Serial Bus (USB) and / or Firewire interfaces), one or more optical discs, Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) storage, e.g. an array of disks.

[0114] The bus 520 communicatively couples the processor 570 with the other memory, storage, and communication blocks. The bus 520 may be, e.g. a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) / PCI Extended (PCI-X) bus, Small Computer System Interface (SCSI), Universal Serial Bus (USB), or the like, for connecting expansion cards, drives, and other subsystems as well as other buses, such a front side bus (FSB), which connects the processor 570 to the computer system 500.

[0115] Optionally, operator and administrative interfaces, e.g. a display, keyboard, joystick, and a cursor control device, may also be coupled to the bus 520 to support direct operator interaction with the computer system. Other operator and administrative interfaces can be provided through network connections connected through the communication port(s) 560. Components described above are meant only to exemplify various possibilities. In no way should the aforementioned exemplary computer system 500 limit the scope of the present disclosure.

[0116] In an embodiment, user equipment (UE) communicatively coupled with a network is disclosed. The coupling includes receiving, by the network, a connection request from the at least one UE. Further, the coupling includes sending, by the network, an acknowledgment of the connection request to the at least one UE. The coupling includes transmitting a plurality of signals in response to the connection request. A Random Access Chanel (RACH) procedure is enhanced in the network by a method. The method includes receiving, by a network node, a request from a User Equipment (UE) to initiate the RACH procedure. The request includes a set of Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) preambles. Further, the method includes determining, by the network node, whether one or more network condition associated with the UE is less than a preconfigured network condition threshold. The method further includes selecting, by the network node, a PRACH preamblefrom the set of the PRACH preambles for initiating the RACH procedure for the UE based on the determination. Further, the method includes performing, by the network node, a Low Spectral Efficiency (Low SE) table based RACH procedure and a Radio Resource Control (RRC) transmission setup for the UE based on the selection.

[0117] In another embodiment, a computer program product including a non- transitory computer-readable medium including instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to execute a method for enhancing Random Access Chanel (RACH) procedure is disclosed. The method includes receiving, by a network node, a request from a User Equipment (UE) to initiate the RACH procedure. The request includes a set of Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) preambles. Further, the method includes determining, by the network node, whether one or more network condition associated with the UE is less than a preconfigured network condition threshold. The method further includes selecting, by the network node, a PRACH preamble from the set of the PRACH preambles for initiating the RACH procedure for the UE based on the determination. Further, the method includes performing, by the network node, a Low Spectral Efficiency (Low SE) table based RACH procedure and a Radio Resource Control (RRC) transmission setup for the UE based on the selection.

[0118] While the foregoing describes various embodiments of the invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof. The scope of the invention is determined by the claims that follow. The invention is not limited to the described embodiments, versions or examples, which are included to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention when combined with information and knowledge available to the person having ordinary skill in the art.

[0119] The method and system of the present disclosure may be implemented in a number of ways. For example, the methods and systems of the present disclosure may be implemented by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination of software, hardware, and firmware. The above-described order for the steps of the method is for illustration only, and the steps of the method of the present disclosure are not limited to the order specifically described above unless specifically statedotherwise. Further, in some embodiments, the present disclosure may also be embodied as programs recorded in a recording medium, the programs including machine-readable instructions for implementing the methods according to the present disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure also covers a recording medium storing a program for executing the method according to the present disclosure.

[0120] While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that many embodiments can be made and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the disclosure. These and other changes in the preferred embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be implemented merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation.

[0121] The present disclosure provides significant technical advancements in enhancing the success rate of Random Access Channel (RACH) procedures for User Equipment (UE) operating under cell-edge or poor radio conditions in 5G networks. Conventional approaches rely on standard Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) tables during initial attach, which frequently results in decoding failures of Random Access Response (MSG2), Contention Resolution (MSG4), and RRC Setup messages. The failures necessitate retransmissions, causing higher signalling load, inefficient radio resource utilization, prolonged access delay, and degraded Quality of Service (QoS). To overcome the limitations, the present disclosure introduces a mechanism of reserving specific PRACH preambles in System Information Block 1 (SIB1), enabling UEs experiencing poor channel quality to indicate their preference for scheduling with the 64QAM Low Spectral Efficiency (LowSE) table. By using the LowSE MCS table with reduced code rate and increased redundant bits, the system improves decoding robustness during initial access signalling.

[0122] By dynamically associating PRACH preambles with the LowSE table and configuring gNBs to interpret such preamble selection as a trigger for LowSE-based scheduling, the present disclosure achieves several technical benefits. Firstly, the present disclosure minimizes the probability of RACH and RRC Setup failures forUEs in challenging radio environments, reducing the need for repeated retransmissions. Secondly, the present disclosure lowers overall resource wastage and signalling overhead by ensuring first-attempt success in random access procedures. Thirdly, the present disclosure enhances end-user experience by reducing access latency and ensuring faster and more reliable service initiation. Furthermore, the present disclosure improves overall network efficiency by optimizing resource allocation at the gNB, preventing congestion due to repeated RACH attempts, and ensuring stable connectivity for UEs at the cell edge. The present disclosure also supports system scalability by maintaining robustness in dense subscriber scenarios where large numbers of UEs may experience heterogeneous signal conditions.TECHNICAL ADVANCEMENTS

[0123] Increased RACH success rate in poor radio conditions: The implementation of a 64QAM Low Spectral Efficiency (SE) table significantly enhances the success rate of the Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure, particularly for User Equipments (UEs) located in cell-edge areas or experiencing poor radio conditions. This leads to more reliable network access and a smoother initial attach process.

[0124] Reduced retransmissions and improved resource efficiency: By enabling UEs to successfully decode critical messages (e.g., MSG2, MSG4, and RRC SETUP) on the first attempt, the present disclosure reduces the need for retransmissions, conserving network resources and decreasing network congestion, leading to better overall network performance.

[0125] Enhanced user experience in challenging environments: The UEs in low signal quality scenarios benefit from the improved decoding capability provided by the 64QAM Low SE table, resulting in faster and more reliable connection establishment. The present disclosure enhances the user experience by reducing delays and connection failures during the initial attach process.

[0126] Adaptability to UEs in varied signal conditions: The present disclosure introduces mechanisms for the gNB to dynamically apply the 64QAM Low SE table based on detected UE conditions, such as reserved PRACH preambles,ensuring that the UEs in poor radio environments receive the necessary support for successful communication, without negatively impacting UEs in better conditions.

[0127] Improved network robustness: By addressing the challenges faced by the UEs in adverse radio environments, the present disclosure enhances the overall robustness of the network, ensuring that the network maintains high performance and reliability even in scenarios with fluctuating signal quality.

[0128] Facilitating seamless RRC setup: The present disclosure improves the Radio Resource Control (RRC) setup process by reducing the likelihood of message decoding failures. The disclosure ensures that the UEs establish a stable connection with the network quickly and reliably, which is particularly important for maintaining service continuity in mobile environments.

[0129] Optimized spectrum utilization: The present disclosure introduces lower coding rate of the 64QAM Low SE table ensuring that spectrum is utilized more efficiently, particularly in low-quality signal areas. This leads to better overall spectrum management and enhances the capacity of the network to support more UEs simultaneously.

Claims

ClaimsWe claim:

1. A method (400) for enhancing a Random Access Chanel (RACH) procedure, the method (400) comprising: receiving (402), by a network node (302), a request from a User Equipment (UE) (104) to initiate the RACH procedure, wherein the request comprises a set of Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) preambles; determining (404), by the network node (302), whether one or more network condition associated with the UE (104) is less than a preconfigured network condition threshold; selecting (406), by the network node (302), a PRACH preamble from the set of the PRACH preambles for initiating the RACH procedure for the UE (104) based on the determination; and performing (408), by the network node (302), a Low Spectral Efficiency (Low SE) table based RACH procedure and a Radio Resource Control (RRC) transmission setup for the UE (104) based on the selection.

2. The method (400) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the network node (302) comprises one of a gNodeB (gNB), eNodeB (eNB), or another base station in a network.

3. The method (400) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more network condition comprises a Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) and a Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ).

4. The method (400) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the set of Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) preambles comprise an Information Elements (IE) associated with the Low SE table.

5. The method (400) as claimed in claim 1, wherein performing the Low SE table based RACH procedure comprises:receiving, by the network node (302), the PRACH preamble comprising the IE and an associated random sequence number from the UE (104); transmitting, by the network node (302), a plurality of information associated with the received PRACH preamble to the UE (104), wherein the plurality of information comprises a Time Advance (TA), a Random Access Preamble Identifier (RAPID), and a Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI); receiving, by the network node (302), a RRC message based on the plurality of information associated with the received PRACH preamble via a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH); and transmitting, by the network node (302), a contention resolution message to the UE (104), wherein the contention resolution message confirms correct identification of the UE (104).

6. The method (400) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Low SE table is a 64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) Low SE table.

7. The method (400) as claimed in claim 6, wherein the 64 QAM Low SE table introduces one or more redundant bits while performing the Low SE table based RACH procedure for performing Forward Error Correction (FEC), wherein the FEC corrects one or more errors present in data transmitted for requesting the Low SE table based RACH procedure.

8. The method (400) as claimed in claim 1, wherein performing the low SE tablebased RRC transmission setup for the UE (104), comprising: receiving, by the network node (302), an initial RRC connection request from the UE (104) upon successful completion of the RACH procedure; and establishing, by the network node (302), an RRC connection with the UE (104).

9. A system (108) for enhancing Random Access Chanel (RACH) procedure, the system (108) comprising:a receiving unit (208) configured to receive a request from a User Equipment (UE) (104) to initiate the RACH procedure, wherein the request comprises a set of Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) preambles; and a processing unit (212) configured to: determine whether one or more network condition associated with the UE (104) is less than a preconfigured network condition threshold; select a PRACH preamble from the set of the PRACH preambles for initiating the RACH procedure for the UE (104) based on the determination; and perform a Low Spectral Efficiency (Low SE) table based RACH procedure and a Radio Resource Control (RRC) transmission setup for the UE (104) based on the selection.

10. The system (108) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the one or more network condition comprises a Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) and a Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ).

11. The system (108) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the set of Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) preambles comprise an Information Elements (IE) associated with the Low SE table.

12. The system (108) as claimed in claim 9, wherein to perform the Low SE table based RACH procedure, the processing unit (212) is configured to: receive the PRACH preamble comprising the IE and an associated random sequence number from the UE (104); transmit a plurality of information associated with the received PRACH preamble to the UE (104), wherein the plurality of information comprises a Time Advance (TA), a Random Access Preamble Identifier (RAPID), and a Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI);receive a RRC message based on the plurality of information associated with the received PRACH preamble via a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH); and transmit a contention resolution message to the UE (104), wherein the contention resolution message confirms correct identification of the UE (104).

13. The system (108) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the Low SE table is a 64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) Low SE table.

14. The system (108) as claimed in claim 13, wherein the 64 QAM Low SE table introduces one or more redundant bits while performing the Low SE table based RACH procedure for performing forward error correction (FEC), wherein the FEC corrects one or more errors present in data transmitted for requesting the Low SE table based RACH procedure.

15. The system (108) as claimed in claim 9, wherein to perform the low SE tablebased RRC transmission setup for the UE (104), the processing unit (212) is configured to: receive an initial RRC connection request from the UE (104) upon successful completion of the RACH procedure; and establish an RRC connection with the UE (104).

16. A user equipment (UE) (104) communicatively coupled with a network (106), the coupling comprises steps of: receiving, by the network (106), a connection request from the at least one UE (104); sending, by the network (106), an acknowledgment of the connection request to the at least one UE (104); and transmitting a plurality of signals in response to the connection request, wherein a Random Access Chanel (RACH) procedure is enhanced in the network (106) by a method as claimed in claim 1.

17. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors (202), cause the one or more processors (202) to execute a method for enhancing Random Access Chanel (RACH) procedure, the method (400) comprising: receiving (402), by a network node (302), a request from a User Equipment(UE) (104) to initiate the RACH procedure, wherein the request comprises a set of Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) preambles; determining (404), by the network node (302), whether one or more network condition associated with the UE (104) is less than a preconfigured network condition threshold; selecting (406), by the network node (302), a PRACH preamble from the set of the PRACH preambles for initiating the RACH procedure for the UE (104) based on the determination; and performing (408), by the network node (302), a Low Spectral Efficiency (Low SE) table based RACH procedure and a Radio Resource Control (RRC) transmission setup for the UE (104) based on the selection.

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