Structure for training

Abstract

[Problem] To provide a structure for training with which a collapsed building or a structure similar to the collapsed building can be reproduced. [Solution] This structure for training is erected on an installation surface, the structure for training comprising a frame structure provided with a plurality of columns extending in a first direction, a support structure that connects portions at one end of the plurality of columns, and a beam structure that connects portions at the other end of the plurality of columns. The plurality of columns are provided with an installation structure for installing a slab at an intermediate portion in the first direction, and the installation structure is configured so that the installation position of the slab can be adjusted in the first direction.

Description

Training structure

[0001] The present invention relates to a training structure mainly used for disaster relief training, and particularly to a training structure for reproducing a damaged state.

[0002] Conventionally, the following training device has been disclosed. The training device can "stably and freely change the inclination of the table with a simple structure. And by changing the inclination of the table, it is possible to form spaces of various shapes between the table and the floor surface, ceiling surface, etc., so it becomes easy to conduct rescue training assuming the space formed between the table and the floor surface, ceiling surface, etc. as the collapse site of a house or building." (For example, see Patent Document 1).

[0003] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2018-128676

[0004] However, the training device disclosed in Patent Document 1 can reproduce the state where the ceiling and the floor are inclined, but it is not suitable for conducting training on making holes in building materials such as the floor, ceiling, or wall when training to enter a building such as an actually collapsed house. That is, there is a problem that the training device disclosed in Patent Document 1 cannot comprehensively reproduce an actual collapsed building including the surrounding structure.

[0005] The present invention is for solving the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a training structure that can reproduce a collapsed building or a structure similar to a collapsed building.

[0006] The training structure according to the present invention is a training structure erected on a mounting surface, comprising a frame structure having a plurality of columns extending in a first direction, a support structure connecting one end of the plurality of columns, and a beam structure connecting the other end of the plurality of columns, wherein the plurality of columns are provided with an installation structure for installing a slab in the middle part in the first direction, and the installation structure is configured to allow adjustment of the installation position of the slab in the first direction. Furthermore, the training structure according to the present invention is a training structure erected on an installation surface and supporting a wall so as to be able to change the angle at which it is erected, comprising: two support frames extending in a first direction and arranged in parallel in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, leaving a space for the wall to be placed; a plurality of upper stoppers installed on the end faces of each of the two support frames on the side opposite to the installation surface in the first direction; and a lower stopper installed between the two support frames to restrict the movement of the end of the wall on the installation surface side, wherein the plurality of upper stoppers are configured to restrict the movement of a horizontal member supporting one end of the wall, which is arranged across the two support frames, in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions.

[0007] According to the above method, a stable structure can be used to recreate the condition of building materials such as floors, ceilings, or walls of a collapsed building using concrete slabs, providing an environment in which disaster relief training can be safely conducted.

[0008] This is a perspective view of the training structure 100 according to Embodiment 1. This is a perspective view of the training structure 100 according to Embodiment 1. This is a front view of the training structure 100 according to Embodiment 1. This is a left side view of the training structure 100 according to Embodiment 1. This is a right side view of the training structure 100 according to Embodiment 1. This is an enlarged view of the lower part of the column 10 of the training structure 100 according to Embodiment 1. This is a perspective view for explaining the structure of the training structure 100 according to Embodiment 1. This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the connection between the column 10 and the intermediate member 24 constituting the slab support 23 of the training structure 100 according to Embodiment 1. This is an explanatory diagram of a reker shore training using the training structure 100 according to Embodiment 1. This is a perspective view of the training structure 200 according to Embodiment 2. This is a front view of the training structure 200 in Figure 10. This is a side view of the training structure 200 in Figure 10. This is a perspective view of the training structure 300 according to Embodiment 3. This is a front view of the training structure 300 in Figure 13. Figure 14 is a side view of the training structure 300.

[0009] Preferred embodiments of the training structure of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. The embodiments described below are preferred specific examples of the present invention and therefore have various technically preferred limitations. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments unless otherwise stated in the following description.

[0010] Embodiment 1. (Overall structure of the training structure 100) Figures 1 and 2 are perspective views of the training structure 100 according to Embodiment 1. Figure 3 is a front view of the training structure 100 according to Embodiment 1. Figure 4 is a left side view of the training structure 100 according to Embodiment 1. Figure 5 is a right side view of the training structure 100 according to Embodiment 1. The training structure 100 of the present invention is a structure for conducting disaster relief training and mainly comprises a frame structure 50 formed of a framework. As shown in Figure 1, the frame structure 50 is composed of columns 10, support structures 11, and beam structures 12. Rails 14, 15 and slabs 20 are also installed in the frame structure 50. As shown in Figure 1, the frame structure 50 can also be fitted with a wind shore training structure 22 as a training attachment for efficiently conducting rescue training. As shown in Figure 2, the frame structure 50 can also be fitted with a raker shore training structure 21 as a training attachment. In Figure 1 and other figures, the z-direction indicates the direction in which the column 10 extends, while the x-direction and y-direction are perpendicular to the z-direction. The x-direction and y-direction are also perpendicular to each other, and the members constituting the support structure 11, beam structure 12, rails 14 and 15 are arranged along the x-direction or the y-direction.

[0011] (Frame Structure 50) The frame structure 50 is the basic framework of the training structure 100 and has the strength and rigidity necessary to ensure stability and safety during rescue training. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the frame structure 50 is composed of columns 10, support structures 11 and beam structures 12, and the overall strength is improved by connecting these members to each other. In the example shown in Figures 1 and 2, two columns 10 are arranged in the x direction and three columns 10 are arranged in the y direction, and the spaces between these columns 10 are connected by support structures 11 and beam structures 12. The z1 end of the column 10 is connected by beam structures 12, and the z2 end of the column 10 is connected by support structures 11.

[0012] (Column 10) As shown in Figure 3 and other figures, the columns 10 are erected perpendicular to the installation surface 90 and serve as the main support elements of the frame structure 50. Each column 10 extends in the height direction (z direction), and a beam structure 12 is connected to its upper part. Adjacent columns 10 are connected by the beam structure 12. The lower end of each column 10 is also connected by a support structure 11. The middle part of the column 10 in the z direction is equipped with an installation structure so that the slab 20 can be fixed. Multiple installation structures are provided in the z direction, and the position from the installation surface 90 to the slab 20 can be adjusted, making it possible to accommodate various training scenarios. As an example, the installation structure provided on the column 10 is a plurality of bolt holes 10b (see Figure 9) provided on the side of the column. The slab support 23 is fixed to the side of the column 10 using these bolt holes 10b, and the slab 20 is placed on or fixed to the slab support 23. Alternatively, the slab 20 may be directly fixed to the column 10.

[0013] (Support structure 11) The support structure 11 shown in Figure 3 consists of a foot joint 11a connecting the lower ends of the columns 10, an outrigger arm 11b, and a base tie bar 11c. The base tie bar 11c is positioned to extend in the x and y directions, and by connecting the columns 10 to each other, it enhances the stability of the frame structure 50 and plays a role in supporting the entire training structure 100. Details of the support structure 11 are as follows.

[0014] Figure 6 is an enlarged view of the lower part of the column 10 of the training structure 100 according to Embodiment 1. The foot joint 11a is a member connected to the lower end of the column 10 and is configured to allow the outrigger arm 11b and base tie bar 11c to be connected. Specifically, the foot joint 11a has a plurality of joints 11ax and 11ay that allow members to be connected in the x and y directions. The spaces between the plurality of joints 11ax and 11ay are reinforced with plates. For example, each member constituting the foot joint 11a is made of a metal with high rigidity.

[0015] The outrigger arm 11b is mounted so as to extend outward in the x-direction from the lower end of the column 10, improving the overall stability of the training structure 100. This makes it more resistant to external forces not only from the vertical but also from the lateral direction.

[0016] The base tie bar 11c is a member that connects multiple foot joints 11a in the middle, and by transmitting force between the columns 10, it increases the strength and rigidity of the frame structure 50. Through the combination of these members, the support structure 11 improves the stability of the training structure 100 and ensures safety during training.

[0017] In a z-direction view (plan view), the support structure 11 forms a rectangular frame with four columns 10 at its vertices. Base tie bars 11c are arranged on each side of the rectangular frame. As shown in Figure 6, the base tie bars 11c may be connected to opposing base tie bars 11c on the frame by structural members 16. The rectangular frame formed by the support structure 11 is reinforced by the structural members 16 and can support a slab 20 or steel plate or the like.

[0018] (Beam structure 12) As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the beam structure 12 is composed of column head connecting members 12b to 12e that directly or indirectly connect the column heads of the column 10. Details of the beam structure 12 are as follows.

[0019] The column head connecting members 12b to 12e are multiple beams that connect the upper ends of the columns 10 in the horizontal direction (x and y directions), and play a role in increasing the overall strength and rigidity of the frame structure 50. For example, the column head connecting members 12b to 12e are made of high-strength H-shaped steel and can withstand horizontal loads in addition to vertical loads. Furthermore, adjacent columns 10 in the x direction are connected by column head connecting member 12c, and adjacent columns 10 in the y direction are connected by column head connecting member 12d. The column head connecting member 12c is a member that extends in the x direction and is connected to the joint at the upper end of the column 10. The column head connecting member 12d is a member that extends in the y direction and is connected to the upper end of the column 10.

[0020] The column head connecting member 12b is a member installed extending outward in the x-direction from the column 10 to the frame structure 50, and is connected to the column head connecting member 12e which extends in the y-direction. The structure formed by combining the column head connecting members 12b and 12e is a portion that extends outward from the frame structure 50 like an eaves, and supports the rail 14.

[0021] The reinforcing brace 13 is a reinforcing diagonal member positioned between the column head connecting members 12b, 12c, and 12d and the column 10, suppressing deformation of the frame structure 50 and maintaining a stable framework. This makes the structure able to withstand dynamic loads generated during the operation of cranes (not shown, including hoists and chain blocks) and when lifting during the installation of the slab 20.

[0022] The beam structure 12 effectively connects the columns 10, ensuring overall rigidity and strength, thereby enhancing the stability and functionality of the training structure 100.

[0023] (Rails 14, 15) As shown in Figure 3, rail 14 is made of H-shaped steel and serves as a support base for the crane (using a hoist and chain block) to travel on. Rail 14 is attached to the top of the frame structure 50 and is designed to allow the crane to move in the x or y direction. Rail 14 is attached to the underside of the beam structure 12 and consists of rail 15 extending in the x direction and rail 14 extending in the y direction, and these rails 14 and 15 allow the crane to move heavy objects such as lifted concrete plates in two directions.

[0024] (Slab 20) The slab 20 is mainly made of concrete slabs or the like in the training structure 100 and functions as a structure corresponding to the floor and ceiling surfaces of a collapsed building. The slab 20 is installed in the middle of the column 10 in the z direction and is mainly located in the area between the outrigger arms 11b of the support structure 11. Because the slab 20 is usually heavy, it can be lifted and moved by a crane installed on rails 14 or 15 and installed in the desired position.

[0025] (Slab Support 23) Figure 7 is a perspective view illustrating the structure of the training structure 100 according to Embodiment 1. In Figure 7, the beam structure 12 is omitted from the diagram. As an example, the slab 20 is supported by a slab support 23 fixed to the column 10. The slab support 23 comprises intermediate members 24 fixed at both ends to the sides of the column 10, and structural members 25 connecting opposing intermediate members 24. The intermediate members 24 are connected to the column 10 located at the vertices of a rectangle in the z-direction view and are arranged on each side to form a rectangular frame. Inside the rectangular frame formed by the column 10 and the intermediate members 24, the structural members 25 are arranged in a grid pattern. The slab support 23, composed of the rectangular frame formed by the column 10 and the intermediate members 24 and the grid-like structural members 25, can have, for example, a concrete plate or steel plate placed on its upper surface as the slab 20. Alternatively, the slab 20 may be installed by fitting it into an opening t formed by a rectangular frame formed by columns 10 and intermediate members 24, and structural members 25 arranged in a grid pattern.

[0026] (An example of a connection structure between the slab support 23 and the column 10) Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the connection between the column 10 and the intermediate member 24 constituting the slab support 23 of the training structure 100 according to Embodiment 1. Figure 8 shows a cross section perpendicular to the z direction. As an example, the column 10 has a column core portion 10x with a rectangular cross-sectional shape in the center, and is formed by joining T-shaped members 10a to each side of the column core portion 10x. The column 10 is configured such that if it takes a cross-sectional shape parallel to the xy plane from the top end to the bottom end, it will have the cross-sectional shape shown in Figure 8. The member 10a has a T-shaped cross section with a flange 10c connected to the web 10e. The four members 10a are joined to the center of each side of the column core portion 10x, which has a square cross-sectional shape, and are arranged so that the flanges 10c located on the outside of the column 10 form the side surface of the column 10. The flanges 10c are provided with a plurality of bolt holes 10b, and are configured so that bolts can be inserted through them. The column 10 may also be constructed by combining multiple steel members having an H-shaped cross-section.

[0027] The end face member 24c of the intermediate member 24 of the slab support 23 is provided with bolt holes 24b that correspond to the bolt holes 10b provided in the flange 10c of the member 10a of the column 10. The slab support 23 is fixed to the column 10 by adjusting its position in the z direction. Note that the intermediate member 24 shown in Figure 8 may be configured so that the angle of the end face member 24c can be changed and the axial position of the end face member 24c can be changed. For example, by connecting the end face member 24c to the main body portion of the intermediate member 24 with a joint, the slab support 23 can be installed not only parallel to the xy plane (i.e., the installation surface) but also at an angle.

[0028] It should be noted that the slab support 23 is not limited to the structure described above. For example, it may be a structure in which a frame made of intermediate members 24 combined into a rectangle is supported from the z2 side by an angle that is detachably fixed to the column 10. In other words, other structures may be adopted as long as the position of the slab 20 in the z direction can be adjusted and supported.

[0029] (Training Attachments) As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the training structure 100 can be fitted with training attachments such as a raker shore training structure 21 and a window shore training structure 22. Window shore training is training to install a structure to prevent the collapse of an opening, and raker shore training is training to support a wall surface that is in danger of collapsing. These are structures for attaching members used in window shore training and raker shore training. This allows for training in the installation and stabilization of shoring in actual rescue sites.

[0030] Figure 9 is an explanatory diagram of a reker shore training using the training structure 100 according to Embodiment 1. The reker shore training structure 21 is configured such that concrete plates are combined in an L-shape. In Figure 9(a), the portion of the reker shore training structure 21 whose plate surface is aligned in the z direction is called the vertical portion 21b, and the portion extending horizontally from the z1 end of the vertical portion 21b is called the horizontal portion 21a. The training structure 100 is equipped with a wall support structure 29 on the upper surface of the foot joint 11a of the support structure 11, and is configured so that the reker shore training structure 21 can be fixed so as to be rotatable with the wall support structure 29 as a fulcrum. The reker shore training structure 21 is equipped with a fitting at the lower end of the vertical portion 21b and is configured so as to be connected to the wall support structure 29.

[0031] The reker shore training structure 21 can also be fixed to a wall support structure 27 provided on the column 10. Alternatively, the reker shore training structure 21 may be supported by a suspension structure in which a wire 28a or the like is connected to the upper end from a wall support structure 28 provided on the beam structure 12. Figure 9(a) shows the case where the horizontal section 21a is supported by a postshore structure, and Figure 9(b) shows the case where the vertical section 21b is supported by a reker shore structure 92. Figure 9(c) shows the case where the vertical section 21b is inclined and supported by a reker shore structure 93. Note that the wall support structure 28 provided on the beam structure 12 may also be attached to the upper side of the column 10, and the reker shore training structure 21 may be supported in the same way using a wire 28a. Furthermore, the reker shore training structure 21 may be supported by attaching a wire 28a to a wall support structure 27 provided in the center of the column 10 in the z direction as shown in Figure 9. In other words, the frame structure 50 may support the upper part of the reaker shore training structure 21 via a tension-supported member such as a wire 28a, and may also have a structure that supports the lower part of the reaker shore training structure 21 in a way that allows the inclination angle to be changed, like the wall support structure 29. Furthermore, the wall support structure 29 is not limited to a rotatable joint, but may also be a stopper structure that restricts the horizontal movement of a plate-like member such as the reaker shore training structure 21.

[0032] As shown in Figure 4, the training structure 100 can accommodate the windshore training structure 22. The windshore training structure 22 can be fixed to the beam structure 12 and the support structure 11. The support structure 11 includes a support member 26 attached to the side of the joint 11ay of the foot joint 11a. Both ends of the support member 26 are fixed to the foot joint 11a and support the lower end of the windshore training structure 22. The upper end of the windshore training structure 22 is fixed to, for example, a rail 15.

[0033] The windshore training structure 22 is made of concrete slabs or the like, and windows 22a, 22b, and 22c are provided according to the purpose of the training. As shown by the dashed line in Figure 4, window 22a is, for example, equipped with a windshore structure 94.

[0034] (Function of Training Structure 100) As described above, the training structure 100 realistically reproduces the conditions of a collapsed building and provides an environment for safely and efficiently conducting training in techniques for rescuers to secure entry routes and for evacuating those in need of rescue. By moving the slab 20 and other structures using rails 14 and 15, various structures can be flexibly changed according to the training situation, making it possible to accommodate a variety of training scenarios.

[0035] The training structure 100 is erected on the installation surface 90 and comprises a frame structure 50 that includes a plurality of columns 10 extending in a first direction (z direction), a support structure 11 connecting one end (z2 side end) of the plurality of columns 10, and a beam structure 12 connecting the other end (z1 side end) of the plurality of columns 10. The plurality of columns 10 are equipped with an installation structure for installing a slab 20 in the middle of the first direction. The installation structure is configured to allow adjustment of the installation position of the slab 20 in the first direction. With this configuration, the training structure 100 is stable due to the frame structure 50 and can secure the strength and rigidity necessary for training. Furthermore, since a heavy slab 20 is used for training, it can withstand the load and vibration when it is placed on the structure and when breaching is performed.

[0036] The training structure 100 described above further comprises rails 14 and 15 supported by a frame structure 50. The rails 14 and 15 are installed on the underside of the beam structure 12 and extend along a second direction (x or y direction) perpendicular to the first direction. With this configuration, the training structure 100 can be lifted and moved from the outside to the inside and installed. This makes it easy to prepare various training environments.

[0037] In the training structure 100 described above, the support structure 11 includes foot joints 11a connected to the lower ends of each of the plurality of columns 10, and outrigger arms 11b and base tie bars 11c connected to the foot joints 11a. The foot joints 11a have a plurality of joints extending in a second direction (x direction) perpendicular to the first direction or in a third direction (y direction) perpendicular to both the first and second directions. The base tie bars 11c are fixed at both ends to the foot joints 11a connected to two adjacent columns 10 among the plurality of columns 10, and the outrigger arms 11b are fixed at one end to the foot joint 11a and extend outward from the frame structure 50. With this configuration, the training structure 100 has improved stability because the outrigger arms 11b protrude outward. Although the training structure 100 becomes heavier at the top when the slab 20 and other parts are lifted by a crane or when training attachments are attached around it, the support structure 11 spreads out widely to support it, resulting in high stability and preventing it from toppling over.

[0038] The above-described training structure 100 further comprises wall support structures 27, 28, and 29 that connect the wall bodies. The wall support structures 27, 28, and 29 are configured to support the wall bodies at an inclination with respect to a first direction. The wall bodies include the reaker shore training structure 21 and the wind shore training structure 22. Furthermore, the above-described training structure 100 includes a wall support structure 29 that rotatably fixes the lower end of the wall body to the frame structure 50, and a suspension structure that suspends and supports the upper end of the wall body from the beam structure 12. Specifically, the suspension structure is configured by attaching a wire 28a to the wall support structure 28. With this configuration, the training structure 100 can perform reaker shore training in which a leaning wall is supported.

[0039] (Modification) The training structure 100 can reproduce various patterns according to the training content by changing the position of the columns 10, the number of slabs 20, and their arrangement angles. In addition, different rescue scenarios can be reproduced by changing the type and position of the training attachments, the raker shore training structure 21 and the wind shore training structure 22. This makes it possible to provide a flexible training environment that matches the trainee's skill level. Depending on the rescue scenario, the training structure 100 can be used without attaching the training attachments, or it can be used with only the training attachments installed and without the slabs 20.

[0040] Embodiment 2. Embodiment 2 describes a training structure 200 that can be used in combination with the training structure 100 shown in Embodiment 1. The training structure 200 is a structure that allows a slab 220, which corresponds to the wall of a collapsed building, to be installed upright or inclined. The training structure 200 is mainly used for training in breaching walls.

[0041] (Overall structure of the training structure 200) Figure 10 is a perspective view of the training structure 200 according to Embodiment 2. Figure 11 is a front view of the training structure 200 of Figure 10. Figure 12 is a side view of the training structure 200 of Figure 10. The training structure 200 is a structure that allows a slab 220 corresponding to the wall of a collapsed building to be installed upright or inclined, and is mainly used for training in breaching walls.

[0042] The training structure 200 consists of support frames 210A and 210B positioned on the left and right sides, a slab 220 installed between these frames, horizontal members 230 supporting the slab, and a support base 240 which serves as the foundation. The support frames 210A and 210B are equipped with multiple upper stoppers 212 to support the slab 220, and can simulate the wall surface of an actual collapsed building.

[0043] (Support base 240) The support base 240 constitutes the foundation of the training structure 200 and plays a role in ensuring the overall stability. As shown in Figures 10 and 11, a lower stopper 241 is installed on the support base 240 to hold the lower end of the slab 220 in place so that it does not shift. This stabilizes the position of the slab 220 and ensures that it is securely supported even in an inclined or vertical position. When the slab 220 is standing vertically (see the slab 220 shown by the dashed line in Figure 12), a structure that restricts movement toward the x1 side can be added as needed, and lower stoppers 241 can be provided on both sides, allowing for flexible adjustment according to the training content.

[0044] (Detailed Structure of Support Frames 210A and 210B) The support frames 210A and 210B are the main structures that support the slab 220, and are composed of vertical frames 210a extending in the z direction and horizontal frames 210b. Each of the support frames 210A and 210B is provided with a plurality of upper stoppers 212 that enable adjustment of the position of the cross member 230 according to the installation status of the slab 220. These upper stoppers 212, together with the cross member 230, serve to support the slab 220. The upper stopper 212 restricts the movement of the cross member 230 in the x direction, which is arranged across the two support frames 210A and 210B. The cross member 230 acts to support the upper end of the inclined slab 220 as shown in FIGS. 10 and 12 from below, thereby maintaining the posture of the slab 220. The combination of the upper stopper 212 and the cross member 230 ensures high strength and stability against the load and dynamic load during training with a simple structure.

[0045] As shown in FIG. 12, the upper end surfaces of the support frames 210A and 210B are formed in a stepped shape and are configured such that the distance from the lower stopper 241 to the cross member 230 is generally the same. Also, some of the upper stoppers 212, such as a set of stoppers 212A, 212B, 212D, restrict the movement of the cross member 230 in the y direction, and some, such as stoppers 212C, 212E, are configured to hold the cross member 230 between the stepped portions of the support frame 210A. The upper stopper 212 is composed of an angle member joined to the upper end surface, but other structures may be used as long as the movement of the cross member 230 in the y and z directions is restricted. For example, the upper stopper 212 may have a structure such as providing a recess on the upper surfaces of the support frames 210A and 210B, or providing a hole into which the cross member 230 can be inserted.

[0046] (Installation and inclination of slab 220) Slab 220 can be installed upright or inclined at any angle to reproduce the state of the walls and partitions of a collapsed building. In Figure 12, slab 220, shown by a solid line, is installed in an inclined state, with its lower end resting on the support base 240 and its movement in the y2 direction restricted by the lower stopper 241. The upper end of slab 220 is supported by horizontal members 230 installed on support frames 210A and 210B. The inclination of slab 220 is firmly fixed by the horizontal members 230 and the upper stopper 212, and the structure is designed to withstand dynamic loads during training.

[0047] (Vertical installation of slab 220) The dashed line shown in Figure 8 indicates the state in which the slab 220 is erected vertically. In this case, the horizontal member 230 is positioned to sandwich the z1 end of the slab 220 from the y1 and y2 sides. The horizontal member 230 sandwiches the slab from above and below, supporting it so that it does not fall over. The stoppers 212A and 212B restrict the movement of the horizontal member 230 in the x direction and support the slab 220 so that it does not fall over in the x1 or x2 direction.

[0048] (Function of the training structure 200) As described above, the training structure 200 is a training structure that is erected on the installation surface 90 and supports the angle of the wall to be erected so that it can be changed. It extends in the first direction (the z direction in FIG. 10), places the space where the wall (slab 220) is arranged, and is arranged in parallel in the second direction (the y direction in FIG. 10) orthogonal to the first direction. Two support frames 210A and 210B, a plurality of upper stoppers 212 installed on the z1-side end surfaces of the two support frames on the side opposite to the installation surface 90 in the first direction (the z1 side), and between the two support frames 210A and 210B, A lower stopper 241 that restricts the movement of the end portion on the installation surface side of the wall body. The plurality of upper stoppers 212 are configured to restrict the movement of the cross member 230 that supports one end of the wall body extending across the two support frames 210A and 210B in the third direction (the x direction in FIG. 10) orthogonal to the first and second directions. With such a configuration, the training structure 200 can stably support the heavy slab 220. In addition, since the upper end surfaces of the two support frames 210A and 210B have a plurality of upper stoppers 212, the position of the cross member 230 can be changed, so the inclination angle of the slab 220 can be adjusted. Further, as shown in FIG. 11, since no structure is arranged in front of the slab 220, the operator who performs the bleaching can perform training in an environment similar to the actual site situation.

[0049] (When used in combination with training structure 100) The training structure 100 shown in Embodiment 1 and the training structure 200 shown in Embodiment 2 can be used in combination. The area G shown in Figure 1 is the area enclosed by the outrigger arm 11b and the base tie bar 11c, and the training structure 200 can be placed in this area G. For example, the training structure 200 is installed assuming the wall of a collapsed building. In this case, the training structure 200 is positioned so that the y direction shown in Figure 10 coincides with the y direction in Figure 1. When the training structures 100 and 200 are used in combination in this way, the training structure 200 may be referred to as the second training structure. In addition, depending on the training, the training structure 200 may be placed inside the frame structure 50 of the training structure 100.

[0050] Embodiment 3. Embodiment 3 describes a training structure 300 that is modified from the training structure 200 shown in Embodiment 2 so that the installation position of the slab 220 can be set higher. Figure 13 is a perspective view of the training structure 300 according to Embodiment 3. Figure 14 is a front view of the training structure 300 of Figure 13. Figure 15 is a side view of the training structure 300 of Figure 14. The training structure 300 is a structure that can vertically install a slab 220 corresponding to the wall of a collapsed building, and is mainly used for breaching training against walls at high positions.

[0051] (Overall structure of training structure 300) The training structure 300 is configured so that the slab 220 can be installed at a position away from the installation surface 90 in the z1 direction. The training structure 300 includes support frames 310A and 310B that are spaced apart in the y direction. The support frames 310A and 310B are erected from the mounting frame 341B of the support base 340. The mounting frame 341B is connected to the mounting frame 341A, which is spaced apart in the z2 direction, via a support column 343. The mounting frame 341A is connected to the lower end of the support base 340, which is spaced apart in the z2 direction, via a support column 342. The support base 340, which is the foundation, supports the mounting frames 341A and 341B, and the support frames 310A and 310B from below, so that the training structure 300 can be stably placed on the installation surface 90. Multiple upper stoppers 212 are positioned on the upper end surfaces of the support frames 310A and 310B, and are configured to hold the horizontal members 230 that maintain the posture of the slab 220. Unlike the second embodiment, the training structure 300 does not have lower stoppers 241, and the lower end of the slab 220 is placed on the mounting frame 341A or mounting frame 341B. However, the mounting frames 341A and 341B may have a structure equivalent to a lower stopper 241 that restricts the movement of the lower end of the slab 220 installed between the support frames 310A and 310B.

[0052] (Support Base 340) The support base 340 constitutes the foundation of the training structure 300 and plays a role in ensuring the overall stability. As shown in Figures 13 and 14, the support base 340 has both ends in the y direction protruding in the x direction (both ends in the x direction of frame 340a). The support base 340 is wider in the x direction than the upper mounting frames 341A, 341B and support frames 310A and 310B, making it possible to stably support the entire structure. In particular, as shown by arrows A and B in Figure 15, the training structure 300 is used for breaching work at a height away from the installation surface 90, so a load is applied to the top in the x direction. Therefore, it is advantageous for the support base 340 to be wider in the x direction for stable support. In addition, since the central frame 340b in the y direction of the support base 340 is located on the side of support frames 310A and 310B, space can be secured for placing ladders, etc.

[0053] Furthermore, the upper mounting frames 341A and 341B are part of the support base 340 and are installed in the z1 direction from the lower frames 340a and 340b via support columns 342 and 343. Mounting frame 341A is joined to the upper end of support column 342 erected on frame 340a, and mounting frame 341B is joined to the upper end of support column 343 erected on mounting frame 341A. Mounting frames 341A and 341B are provided with mounting surfaces 344A and 344B for the slab 220 in the center in the y direction, respectively. Mounting surface 344B is positioned higher than mounting surface 344A, allowing the slab 220 to be positioned at a higher position.

[0054] (Detailed structure of support frames 310A and 310B) Support frames 310A and 310B are the main structures that support the direction in which the slab 220 may fall, and consist of a vertical frame 310a and a horizontal frame 310b. Each support frame 310A and 310B is equipped with a number of upper stoppers 212 that are used depending on the installation situation of the slab 220, and these upper stoppers 212 play a role in supporting the slab 220 by sandwiching it together with the horizontal members 230. The horizontal members 230 act to sandwich the slab 220 from both sides in the x direction, thereby stabilizing the slab so that it does not fall or move. The combination of the upper stoppers 212 and the horizontal members 230 ensures high strength and stability against loads and dynamic loads during training.

[0055] (Installation of Slab 220) Slab 220 can be installed vertically to reproduce the condition of the walls and partitions of a collapsed building. As shown by the dashed and dotted lines in Figure 15, slab 220 is installed vertically at a high position, with its lower end resting on the mounting frame 341A or 341B and its upper end supported by support frames 310A and 310B. This allows for training on slabs installed at high positions, enabling training on walls of various heights encountered in actual rescue situations. Note that the slab 220 shown in Figures 13 and 14 has a triangular hole in the center, which is an example of a hole that is opened during breaching training.

[0056] (Function of the training structure 300) In addition to the advantages described in Embodiment 2, the training structure 300 allows the slab 220 to be installed at a higher position, enabling a more realistic reproduction of the wall. Breaching and scaffolding installation training can be performed even on slabs installed at high positions, allowing for diverse training that simulates various rescue sites. Furthermore, by adjusting the position of the trainees, a wide range of scenarios, including work from above, can be reproduced. When the slab 220 is placed on the mounting surface 344A, the breaching work should be performed from direction A as shown in Figure 15, and when the slab 220 is placed on the mounting surface 344B, the breaching work should be performed from direction B as shown in Figure 15.

[0057] The training structure 300 includes mounting frames 341A and 341B on which the end faces of the wall (slab 220) on the installation surface 90 side are placed. The two support frames 310A and 310B are erected on a support base 340. The support base 340 includes frames 340a and 340b that abut the installation surface, and mounting frames 341A and 341B that are positioned away from frames 340a and 340b in a first direction (z-direction) via support columns 342. The mounting frames 341A and 341B are configured to support the wall (slab 220). With this configuration, the training structure 300 can stably position the slab 220 at a higher position from the installation surface 90 than the training structure 200 shown in Embodiment 2.

[0058] Furthermore, the training structure 100 shown in Embodiment 1, the training structure 200 shown in Embodiment 2, and the training structure 300 shown in Embodiment 3 can be used in combination. The training structures 200 and 300 can be placed in the area G shown in Figure 1. When the training structures 100, 200, and 300 are used in combination, the training structures 200 and 300 may be referred to as the second training structure. In addition, depending on the training, the training structures 200 and 300 may be placed inside the frame structure 50 of the training structure 100.

[0059] The configurations shown in the above embodiments are examples, and it is possible to omit or modify parts of the configuration without departing from the gist of the invention. For example, the structure of the training structure 200 in Embodiment 2 can be applied to the training structure 300 so that the slab 220 can be installed at an angle on the training structure 300 in Embodiment 3.

[0060] Furthermore, the training structures described above may also include combinations of the features shown in the following appendices 1 to 8. These combinations are shown below.

[0061] [Note 1] A training structure erected on a surface, comprising a frame structure having a plurality of columns extending in a first direction, a support structure connecting one end of the plurality of columns, and a beam structure connecting the other end of the plurality of columns, wherein the plurality of columns are provided with an installation structure for installing a slab in the middle of the first direction, and the installation structure is configured to allow adjustment of the installation position of the slab in the first direction. [Note 2] The training structure according to Note 1, further comprising a rail supported by the frame structure, wherein the rail is installed on the lower surface of the beam structure and extends along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. [Note 3] A training structure according to Note 1 or 2, wherein the support structure includes a foot joint connected to the lower end of each of the plurality of columns, and an outrigger arm and a base tie bar connected to the foot joint, the foot joint having a plurality of joints extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction or in a third direction perpendicular to both the first and second directions, the base tie bar having both ends fixed to each of the foot joints connected to two adjacent columns among the plurality of columns, and the outrigger arm having one end fixed to the foot joint and extending outward from the frame structure. [Note 4] A training structure according to any one of Notes 1 to 3, further comprising a wall support structure for connecting wall bodies, the wall support structure being configured to support wall bodies at an inclination with respect to the first direction. [Note 5] A training structure as described in Note 4, wherein the wall support structure includes a connecting structure that rotatably fixes the lower end of the wall to the frame structure, and a suspension structure that suspends and supports the upper end of the wall from the beam structure.[Note 6] A training structure as described in Note 3, further comprising a second training structure erected on a mounting surface and supporting a wall so as to be able to change the angle at which the wall is erected, wherein the second training structure is arranged inside a rectangular area formed by the base tie bar and two outrigger arms connected to each of the two foot joints connected to the base tie bar, and comprises two support frames extending in a first direction and arranged in parallel in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, leaving a space for the wall to be placed, a plurality of upper stoppers installed on the end faces of each of the two support frames opposite to the mounting surface in the first direction, and a lower stopper installed between the two support frames to restrict the movement of the end of the wall on the mounting surface side, wherein the plurality of upper stoppers are configured to restrict the movement in a third direction of a horizontal member supporting one end of the wall arranged across the two support frames. [Note 7] A training structure erected on a mounting surface and supporting a wall so as to be able to change the angle at which it is erected, comprising: two support frames extending in a first direction and arranged in parallel in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, leaving a space for the wall to be placed; a plurality of upper stoppers installed on the end faces of each of the two support frames on the side opposite to the mounting surface in the first direction; and a lower stopper installed between the two support frames to restrict the movement of the end of the wall on the mounting surface side, wherein the plurality of upper stoppers are configured to restrict the movement of a horizontal member supporting one end of the wall, which is arranged across the two support frames, in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions. [Appendix 8] A training structure as described in Appendix 6 or 7, comprising a support base on which the end face on the installation surface side of a wall is placed, wherein the two support frames are erected on the support base, and the support base includes a frame that abuts the installation surface and a mounting frame that is positioned away from the frame in a first direction via a support column, and the mounting frame has an upper surface configured to support a wall.

[0062] 10: Column 10a: Member 10b: Bolt hole 10c: Flange 10d: Flange 10e: Web 11: Support structure 11a: Foot joint 11ax: Joint 11ay: Joint 11b: Outrigger arm 11c: Base tie bar 12: Beam structure 12b: Column head connecting member 12c: Column head connecting member 12d: Column head connecting member 12e: Column head connecting member 13: Reinforcement brace 14: Rail 15: Rail 16: Structural member 20: Slab 21: Raker shore training structure 21a: Horizontal section 21b: Vertical section 22: Window shore training structure 22a: Window 22b: Window 23: Slab support 24: Intermediate member 24b: Bolt hole 24c: End face member 25: Structural material 26: Support 27: Wall support structure 28: Wall support structure 28a: Wire 29: Wall support structure 50: Frame structure 90: Installation surface 92: Raker shore structure 93: Raker shore structure 94: Window shore structure 100: Training structure 200: Training structure 210A: Support frame 210B: Support frame 210a: Vertical frame 210b: Horizontal frame 212: (Upper) stopper 212A: Stopper 212B: Stopper 212C: Stopper 212E: Stopper 220: Slab 230: Horizontal member 240: Support base 241: Lower stopper 300: Training structure 310A: Support frame 310B: Support frame 310a: Vertical frame 310b: Horizontal frame 340: Support base 340a: Frame 340b: Frame 341A: Mounting frame 341B: Mounting frame 342: Support column 343: Support column 344A: Installation surface 344B: Installation surface t: Opening

Claims

1. A training structure erected on a surface, comprising a frame structure having a plurality of columns extending in a first direction, a support structure connecting one end of the plurality of columns, and a beam structure connecting the other end of the plurality of columns, wherein the plurality of columns are provided with an installation structure for installing a slab in the middle of the first direction, and the installation structure is configured to allow adjustment of the installation position of the slab in the first direction.

2. A training structure according to claim 1, further comprising a rail supported by the frame structure, wherein the rail is installed on the lower surface of the beam structure and extends along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.

3. A training structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the support structure includes a foot joint connected to the lower end of each of the plurality of columns, and an outrigger arm and a base tie bar connected to the foot joint, the foot joint having a plurality of joints extending in a second direction perpendicular to a first direction or in a third direction perpendicular to both the first and second directions, the base tie bar having both ends fixed to each of the foot joints connected to two adjacent columns among the plurality of columns, and the outrigger arm having one end fixed to the foot joint and extending outward from the frame structure.

4. A training structure according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a wall support structure for connecting wall bodies, wherein the wall support structure is configured to support the wall bodies at an inclination with respect to a first direction.

5. A training structure according to claim 4, wherein the wall support structure includes a connecting structure that rotatably fixes the lower end of the wall to the frame structure, and a suspension structure that suspends and supports the upper end of the wall from the beam structure.

6. A training structure according to claim 3, further comprising a second training structure erected on a mounting surface and supporting a wall so as to be able to change the angle at which the wall is erected, wherein the second training structure comprises: two support frames arranged inside a rectangular area formed by the base tie bar and two outrigger arms connected to each of the two foot joints connected to the base tie bar, and extending in a first direction and arranged in parallel in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, leaving a space for the wall to be placed; a plurality of upper stoppers installed on the end faces of each of the two support frames opposite to the mounting surface in the first direction; and a lower stopper installed between the two support frames to restrict the movement of the end of the wall on the mounting surface side, wherein the plurality of upper stoppers are configured to restrict the movement in a third direction of a horizontal member supporting one end of the wall arranged across the two support frames.

7. A training structure erected on a mounting surface and supporting a wall so as to be able to change the angle at which it is erected, comprising: two support frames extending in a first direction and arranged in parallel in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, leaving a space for the wall to be placed; a plurality of upper stoppers installed on the end faces of each of the two support frames opposite to the mounting surface in the first direction; and a lower stopper installed between the two support frames to restrict the movement of the end of the wall on the mounting surface side, wherein the plurality of upper stoppers are configured to restrict the movement of a horizontal member supporting one end of the wall, which is arranged across the two support frames, in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions.

8. A training structure according to claim 7, comprising a support base on which the end face of a wall on the installation surface side is placed, the two support frames are erected on the support base, the support base includes a frame that abuts the installation surface and a mounting frame that is positioned away from the frame in a first direction via a support column, the mounting frame having an upper surface configured to support a wall.

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