Communication method and communication device

Abstract

The present application provides a communication method and a communication device. The method comprises: a first device determines a first resource from a first resource set, the first resource being used for ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) communication, and the first resource set being a resource pool, a bandwidth part (BWP) used for A-IoT communication, or a carrier frequency band.

Description

Communication method and communication device TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of communication, and more particularly, to a communication method and a communication device. BACKGROUND

[0002] In an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) communication scenario, how to obtain resources for A-IoT communication is a problem to be solved.

[0003] SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a communication method and a communication device. Each aspect involved in the present application is introduced below.

[0005] In a first aspect, a communication method is provided, comprising: determining, by a first device, a first resource from a first resource set, the first resource being used for ambient internet of things (A-IoT) communication, wherein the first resource set is a resource pool, a bandwidth part (BWP) used for A-IoT communication, or a carrier frequency segment.

[0006] In a second aspect, a communication device is provided, the communication device being a first device, and the communication device comprising: a determination module configured to determine a first resource from a first resource set, the first resource being used for ambient internet of things (A-IoT) communication, wherein the first resource set is a resource pool, a bandwidth part (BWP) used for A-IoT communication, or a carrier frequency segment.

[0007] In a third aspect, a communication device is provided, comprising a transceiver, a memory, and a processor, the memory being configured to store a program, the processor being configured to invoke the program in the memory and control the transceiver to receive or send a signal, so that the communication device performs the method of the first aspect.

[0008] In a fourth aspect, an apparatus is provided, comprising a processor configured to invoke a program from a memory, so that the apparatus performs the method of the first aspect.

[0009] In a fifth aspect, a chip is provided, comprising a processor configured to invoke a program from a memory, so that a device installed with the chip performs the method of the first aspect.

[0010] In a sixth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, having a program stored thereon, the program causing a computer to perform the method of the first aspect.

[0011] In a seventh aspect, a computer program product is provided, comprising a program, the program causing a computer to perform the method of the first aspect.

[0012] In an eighth aspect, a computer program is provided, which causes a computer to execute the method according to the first aspect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0013] FIG. 1 is an example diagram of an architecture of a wireless communication system to which embodiments of the present application can be applied.

[0014] FIG. 2 is an example diagram of an architecture of an environmental Internet of Things communication system.

[0015] FIG. 3 is an example diagram of an energy harvesting method of an environmental Internet of Things device.

[0016] FIG. 4 is an example diagram of a backscattering communication method of an environmental Internet of Things device.

[0017] FIG. 5 is an example diagram of a load modulation method of an environmental Internet of Things device.

[0018] FIG. 6 is an example diagram of communication between an environmental Internet of Things device and a base station.

[0019] FIG. 7 is an example diagram of communication between an environmental Internet of Things device and an intermediate node.

[0020] FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0021] FIG. 9 is a diagram of one configuration of resources in a first resource set.

[0022] FIG. 10 is a diagram of another configuration of resources in a first resource set.

[0023] FIG. 11 is a flow diagram of a one-time inventory process.

[0024] FIG. 12 is a diagram of a structure of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0025] FIG. 13 is a diagram of a structure of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solutions in the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. To facilitate understanding, first, the communication terminology and communication processes that can be involved in the embodiments of the present application will be introduced with reference to FIGS. 1 to 9.

[0027] Communication system

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems. For example, the embodiments of the present application can be applied to a global system of mobile communication (GSM) system, a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) system, a general packet radio service (GPRS) system, a long term evolution (LTE) system, an advanced long term evolution (LTE-A) system, a new radio (NR) system, an evolved system of the NR system, a universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS), a wireless local area networks (WLAN) system, a wireless fidelity (WiFi) system, a 5th-generation (5G) system. The embodiments of the present application can also be applied to other communication systems, such as a 6th-generation (6G) mobile communication system or a future communication system such as a satellite communication system.

[0029] The conventional communication system supports a limited number of connections, which is easy to implement. However, with the development of communication technology, the communication system can not only support traditional cellular communication, but also support one or more types of other types of communication. For example, the communication system can support one or more of the following communications: device to device (D2D) communication, machine to machine (M2M) communication, machine type communication (MTC), enhanced MTC (eMTC), vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication, and vehicle to everything (V2X) communication, etc. The embodiments of the present application can also be applied to a communication system supporting the above communication modes.

[0030] The communication system in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to a carrier aggregation (CA) scenario, can also be applied to a dual connectivity (DC) scenario, and can also be applied to a standalone (SA) network deployment scenario.

[0031] The communication system in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to an unlicensed spectrum. The unlicensed spectrum can also be regarded as a shared spectrum. Alternatively, the communication system in the embodiments of the present application can also be applied to a licensed spectrum. The licensed spectrum can also be regarded as a dedicated spectrum.

[0032] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to a variety of internet of things (IoT) communication systems. For example, the technical solutions can be applied to a narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) communication system. For another example, the technical solutions can be applied to an ambient IoT (A-IoT) communication system.

[0033] FIG. 1 shows an example diagram of a system architecture of a communication system 100 to which the embodiments of the present application are applicable. The communication system 100 can include a network device 110 and a terminal device 120. The network device 110 can be a device that communicates with the terminal device 120. The network device 110 can provide network coverage for a specific geographic area and can communicate with the terminal device 120 located in the coverage area. The terminal device 120 can access a network (such as a wireless network) through the network device 110. Optionally, the wireless communication system 100 can also include a network controller, a mobile management entity, and other network entities, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0034] The terminal device in the embodiments of the present application can also be referred to as a user equipment (UE), an access terminal, a user unit, a user station, a mobile station, a mobile station (MS), a mobile terminal (MT), a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a user terminal, a terminal, a wireless communication device, a user agent or a user apparatus. The terminal device in the embodiments of the present application can refer to a device that provides voice and / or data connectivity for a user, and can be used to connect people, things and machines, such as handheld devices with wireless connection functions, vehicle-mounted devices, etc. The terminal device in the embodiments of the present application can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer (Pad), a notebook computer, a palm computer, a mobile internet device (MID), a wearable device, a virtual reality (VR) device, an augmented reality (AR) device, a wireless terminal in industrial control, a wireless terminal in self driving, a wireless terminal in remote medical surgery, a wireless terminal in smart grid, a wireless terminal in transportation safety, a wireless terminal in smart city, a wireless terminal in smart home, etc. Optionally, the terminal device can be used to act as a base station. For example, the terminal device can act as a scheduling entity, which provides sidelink signals between terminal devices in vehicle to everything (V2X) or device to device (D2D), etc. For example, a cellular phone and a car communicate with each other using sidelink signals. The cellular phone and the smart home device communicate with each other without relaying the communication signals through the base station.

[0035] In some embodiments, the terminal device can also be an A-IoT device to meet the needs in some scenarios.

[0036] The network device in the embodiments of the present application can also be an access network device or a radio access network device, for example, the network device can be a base station. The network device in the embodiments of the present application can refer to a radio access network (RAN) node or device that accesses a terminal device to a wireless network. The base station can broadly cover various names in the following or can be replaced by the following names, for example: node B (NodeB), evolved node B (eNB), next generation node B (gNB), relay station, transmitting and receiving point (TRP), transmitting point (TP), master station (MeNB), auxiliary station (SeNB), multi-standard radio (MSR) node, home base station, network controller, access node, wireless node, access point (AP), transmission node, transceiver node, baseband unit (BBU), remote radio unit (RRU), active antenna unit (AAU), remote radio head (RRH), central unit (CU), distributed unit (DU), positioning node, etc. The base station can be a macro base station, a micro base station, a relay node, a donor node or the like, or a combination thereof. The base station can also refer to a communication module, modem or chip used in the foregoing devices or apparatuses. The base station can also be a mobile switching center and a device that performs the function of a base station in device-to-device (D2D), V2X, M2M communication, a network side device in a 6G network, a device that performs the function of a base station in a future communication system, etc. The base station can support networks of the same or different access technologies. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific technology and specific device form of the network device.

[0037] The base station can be fixed or mobile. For example, a helicopter or a drone can be configured to act as a mobile base station, and one or more cells can move according to the location of the mobile base station. In other examples, the helicopter or the drone can be configured to act as a device that communicates with another base station.

[0038] In some deployments, the network device in the embodiments of the present application can refer to a CU or a DU; or the network device includes a CU and a DU. The gNB can also include an AAU.

[0039] The network device and the terminal device can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; can also be deployed on water; and can also be deployed on airplanes, balloons and satellites in the air. The scene in which the network device and the terminal device are located is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0040] It should be understood that all or part of the functions of the communication device in the present application can also be implemented by software functions running on hardware, or by virtualized functions instantiated on a platform, such as a cloud platform.

[0041] FIG. 1 exemplarily shows one network device 110 and two terminal devices 120. Optionally, the communication system 100 can include multiple network devices 110, and the communication system 100 can also include other numbers of terminal devices 120.

[0042] It should be understood that the devices with communication functions in the network / system in the embodiments of the present application can be referred to as communication devices. Taking the communication system 100 shown in FIG. 1 as an example, the communication devices can include the network devices 110 and the terminal devices 120 with communication functions, which can be the specific devices described above, and details are not described herein again. The communication devices can also include other devices in the communication system 100, such as network controllers, mobile management entities and other network entities, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit the same.

[0043] The environment Internet of Things (IoT) communication system is taken as an example in the following description. It can be understood that the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application can also be extended to other communication systems with the same functions.

[0044] Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT)

[0045] The environment Internet of Things (IoT) communication can use power harvesting and back scattering communication technology for communication, or can use active emission for communication. The terminal device in the A-IoT system can be referred to as an A-IoT device. The A-IoT device refers to an IoT device that uses various environmental energies, such as wireless radio frequency energy, light energy, solar energy, thermal energy, mechanical energy and various environmental energies to drive itself. Such a device can have no energy storage capability, or can have very limited energy storage capability (such as using a capacitor with a capacity of several tens of uF). Compared with the traditional IoT device, the A-IoT device has many advantages such as no conventional battery, no maintenance, small size, low complexity, low cost and long service life.

[0046] The environmental IoT communication network can include network devices and A-IoT devices. As shown in FIG. 2, a network device 210 is configured to send wireless energizing signals, downlink communication signals to an A-IoT device 220, and receive backscatter signals from the A-IoT device. As shown in FIG. 2, a basic A-IoT device 220 can include an energy harvesting module, a backscatter communication module, and a low-power computing module. The A-IoT device 220 can also include a sensor for obtaining environmental temperature, humidity, and other sensing data. In addition, the A-IoT device can also include a memory for storing some basic information (such as an item identifier).

[0047] The energy harvesting technology and the backscatter communication technology in the environmental IoT communication will be introduced below in connection with FIGS. 3-5.

[0048] FIG. 3 introduces the energy harvesting technology by taking radio frequency energy harvesting as an example. As shown in FIG. 3, the energy harvesting module is configured to harvest the energy of electromagnetic waves in space based on the electromagnetic induction principle, and thus obtain the energy required to drive the A-IoT device to work. For example, the energy harvesting module can be used to drive the low-power demodulation and modulation module, the sensor, and the memory in the A-IoT device to work. Therefore, the A-IoT device does not need a traditional battery.

[0049] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a backscatter communication. As shown in FIG. 4, an A-IoT device 420 receives a wireless signal sent by a network device 410. After receiving the wireless signal, the A-IoT device 420 modulates the wireless signal to load information to be sent. Then, the A-IoT device 420 radiates the modulated signal from an antenna. The above information transmission process is referred to as backscatter communication.

[0050] The backscatter and the load modulation are closely related. The load modulation adjusts and controls the circuit parameters of the oscillation circuit of the A-IoT device according to the beat of the data stream, so that the size of the impedance and other parameters change, thereby completing the modulation. The load modulation technology mainly includes resistance load modulation and capacitance load modulation.

[0051] In resistance load modulation, a resistor is connected in parallel with the load, which is turned on or off based on the control of the binary data stream, as shown in FIG. 5. The on-off of the resistor will cause the change of the circuit voltage, so as to realize amplitude shift keying (ASK), that is, the modulation and transmission of the signal by adjusting the amplitude of the backscattering signal of the A-IoT device. Similarly, in the capacitive load modulation, the on-off of the capacitor can realize the change of the circuit resonance frequency, so as to realize frequency shift keying (FSK), that is, the modulation and transmission of the signal by adjusting the working frequency of the backscattering signal of the A-IoT device.

[0052] It can be seen that the A-IoT device modulates the incoming signal by means of load modulation, so as to realize backscattering communication. Therefore, the A-IoT device has the following advantages:

[0053] Firstly, the A-IoT device does not actively emit signals, and therefore does not need a complex radio frequency link, such as a power amplifier (PA) and a radio frequency filter.

[0054] Secondly, the A-IoT device does not need to actively generate high-frequency signals, and therefore does not need a high-frequency crystal oscillator.

[0055] Thirdly, by means of backscattering communication, the signal transmission of the A-IoT device does not need to consume the energy of the A-IoT device itself.

[0056] Due to the advantages of low cost, zero power consumption, and small size, the A-IoT device can be widely applied in various industries. For example, the A-IoT device can be applied in the fields of logistics, intelligent warehousing, smart agriculture, energy and power, and industrial internet. Alternatively, the A-IoT device can be applied in the fields of smart wearable and smart home.

[0057] Hereinafter, various classification methods of the A-IoT device are introduced.

[0058] In the A-IoT communication technology, the A-IoT device can be divided into three categories based on the energy source and the energy usage mode of the A-IoT device: passive A-IoT device, semi-passive A-IoT device, and active A-IoT device.

[0059] The passive A-IoT device usually does not need to be equipped with a battery. When the passive A-IoT device is close to the network device, the passive A-IoT device is in the near field range formed by the antenna radiation of the network device. At this time, the antenna of the passive A-IoT device can generate an induced current through electromagnetic induction, and the induced current can power the low-power chip circuit of the passive A-IoT device to drive the low-power chip circuit. Through this way, the demodulation of the forward link signal and the modulation of the backward link signal can be realized. For the backscatter link, the passive A-IoT device can use the backscatter implementation to transmit signals.

[0060] In some implementations, the forward link in the above can be a downlink, that is, a link from the network device to the A-IoT device; and the backward link can be an uplink, that is, a link from the A-IoT device to the network device.

[0061] As can be seen from the above introduction, the passive A-IoT device does not need to be equipped with a battery to drive, whether it is based on the transmission process of the forward link or the transmission process of the backward link, and is a truly A-IoT device. The passive A-IoT device does not need a battery, and the radio frequency circuit and the baseband circuit are very simple. For example, the passive A-IoT device does not need a low noise amplifier (LNA), a PA, a crystal oscillator, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and the like, and therefore has many advantages such as small size, light weight, very low price, and long service life.

[0062] In some implementations, the passive A-IoT device described above can be an electronic tag, and correspondingly, the network device can be a reader of a radio frequency identification (RFID) system, for reading the content in the electronic tag and / or for changing the content in the electronic tag.

[0063] The semi-passive A-IoT device itself does not install a conventional battery, but can use an energy harvesting module to harvest energy, and store the harvested energy in an energy storage unit (such as a capacitor). After the energy storage unit obtains energy, it can drive the low-power chip circuit of the A-IoT device to realize the demodulation of the forward link signal and the modulation of the backward link signal, and the like. For the backscatter link, the semi-passive A-IoT device can use the backscatter implementation to transmit signals.

[0064] In some implementations, the semi-passive A-IoT device can use a radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting module to harvest radio wave energy. In other implementations, the semi-passive A-IoT device can also use a solar energy / light energy / thermal energy / kinetic energy harvesting module to harvest corresponding energy.

[0065] As can be seen from the foregoing, the semi-passive A-IoT device does not need to be built-in with a battery to drive, whether based on a forward link transmission process or a reverse link transmission process. Although the energy is stored in a capacitor during operation, the energy is derived from the radio energy harvested by the energy harvesting module, and thus is a truly A-IoT device. As can be seen, the semi-passive A-IoT device inherits many advantages of the passive A-IoT device, and also has many advantages such as small size, light weight, very low price, long service life, and the like.

[0066] The active A-IoT device can be built-in with a battery. The battery can supply energy for the active A-IoT device to drive the low-power chip circuit of the active A-IoT device. The A-IoT device used in some scenarios can be an active A-IoT device. The battery in the active A-IoT device can implement the demodulation of the forward link signal by the device, and the modulation of the backward link signal, and the like. For the backscatter link, the active A-IoT device uses a backscatter implementation to transmit signals. Therefore, the low power consumption of this type of device is mainly embodied in that the signal transmission of the reverse link does not need to consume the power of the terminal itself, but uses the backscatter mode.

[0067] In some implementations, the battery built-in in the active A-IoT device can be a conventional battery, such as a dry battery, a rechargeable lithium battery, and the like.

[0068] As can be seen from the foregoing, the active A-IoT device uses a battery, but due to the use of ultra-low power consumption communication technology, the power consumption is very low, and thus the working life of the battery can be greatly improved compared to related technologies.

[0069] For the active A-IoT device, the built-in battery can be used for power supply, and thus the communication distance of the active A-IoT device can be increased, and the reliability of the communication can be improved. Therefore, the active A-IoT device can be applied in some scenarios with relatively high requirements on the communication distance, reading delay, and the like.

[0070] In some implementations, the active A-IoT device described above can be an electronic tag, and the network device can be a wireless RFID reader. In this case, the built-in battery can supply power to the RFID chip in the electronic tag to increase the read-write distance between the RFID reader and the electronic tag. On the other hand, the built-in battery can supply power to the RFID chip in the electronic tag to shorten the read-write latency of the RFID reader to the electronic tag, which is conducive to improving the reliability of communication.

[0071] In addition to classifying A-IoT devices based on energy sources and energy usage, A-IoT devices can also be classified based on transmitter types. Like other IoT services, the service type of A-IoT will also be mainly industry services. Therefore, A-IoT devices can be classified into three categories based on transmitter types: A-IoT devices based on backscatter, A-IoT devices based on active transmitters, and A-IoT devices with both backscatter and active transmitters.

[0072] A-IoT devices based on backscatter use the backscatter method described above to transmit uplink data. Such devices do not have an active transmitter for active transmission, but only have a backscatter transmitter. Therefore, when such terminal devices transmit data, the network device needs to provide a carrier, and the terminal devices perform backscatter based on the carrier to achieve data transmission.

[0073] A-IoT devices based on active transmitters use active transmitters with active transmission capabilities to transmit uplink data. Such A-IoT devices can use their own active transmitters to transmit data when transmitting data, without the need for the network device to provide a carrier. Active transmitters suitable for A-IoT devices can be, for example, ultra-low-power ASK, ultra-low-power FSK transmitters, and the like. Based on current implementations, the overall power consumption of such transmitters can be reduced to 400-600 uw when transmitting a 100 uw signal.

[0074] A-IoT devices with both backscatter and active transmitters can support both backscatter and active transmitters. Such A-IoT devices can determine which type of uplink signal transmission to use, i.e., backscatter or active transmitter for active transmission, based on different situations (such as the amount of power, available environmental energy), or based on the scheduling of the network device.

[0075] Low-power Internet of Things Based on Cellular Networks

[0076] Cellular Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are booming, such as the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has standardized NB-IoT, machine type communication (MTC), reduced capability (RedCap), and other IoT technologies. However, there are still many IoT communication needs in scenarios that cannot be met, for example:

[0077] First, harsh communication environment

[0078] Some IoT scenarios may face extreme environments such as high temperature, extremely low temperature, high humidity, high pressure, high radiation, or high-speed motion. For example, ultra-high voltage substations, high-speed train track monitoring, high-cold environment monitoring, industrial production lines, etc. In these scenarios, due to the working environment limitations of conventional power supplies, existing IoT terminals will not work. In addition, extreme working environments are also not conducive to the maintenance of IoT, such as replacing batteries.

[0079] Second, extremely small terminal form factor requirement

[0080] Some IoT communication scenarios, such as food traceability, commodity circulation, and smart wearables, require terminals to have extremely small sizes to facilitate use in these scenarios. For example, IoT terminals for commodity management in the circulation link usually use electronic tags in a very small form factor to be embedded in commodity packaging. For another example, lightweight wearable devices can meet user needs while improving user experience.

[0081] Third, extremely low-cost IoT communication requirement

[0082] Many IoT communication scenarios require IoT terminals to be low-cost enough to enhance competitiveness relative to other alternative technologies. For example, in logistics or warehousing scenarios, in order to facilitate the management of a large number of circulating goods, IoT terminals can be attached to each item to complete the precise management of the entire logistics process and cycle through communication between the terminal and the logistics network. These scenarios require IoT terminals to be competitively priced.

[0083] Therefore, in order to cover these unmet IoT communication needs, ultra-low-cost, extremely small-size, battery-free / maintenance-free IoT terminals are needed in cellular networks, and ambient IoT can meet this demand.

[0084] Based on the discussion of A-IoT application scenarios by 3GPP SA1, A-IoT can be used in at least the following four scenarios:

[0085] Scenario 1: object recognition, such as logistics, production line product management, supply chain management;

[0086] Scenario 2: environmental monitoring, such as temperature, humidity, and harmful gas monitoring of working environment and natural environment;

[0087] Scenario 3: positioning, such as indoor positioning, intelligent object searching, and production line object positioning.

[0088] Scenario 4: intelligent control, such as intelligent control of various electrical appliances in smart home (turning on / off air conditioner, adjusting temperature) and intelligent control of various facilities in agricultural greenhouse (automatic irrigation, fertilization).

[0089] In a low-power Internet of Things based on a cellular network, an A-IoT device can transceive A-IoT control / data / signal with a reader. In some embodiments, the reader can be a base station 610 as shown in FIG. 6, and A-IoT device 620 can transceive A-IoT control / data / signal with base station 610. In other embodiments, the reader can be an intermediate node 730 as shown in FIG. 7, and A-IoT device 720 can transceive A-IoT control / data / signal with intermediate node 730. Further, intermediate node 730 can forward the above-mentioned data or signal to base station 710.

[0090] If an A-IoT device transmits A-IoT control / data / signal to a reader through backscattering, a carrier needs to be provided to the A-IoT device, and the node providing the carrier can be the reader or another node. It should be understood that the intermediate node and the carrier node can be the same terminal or different terminals. In addition, the A-IoT device can also transmit A-IoT control / data / signal to the reader through active transmission.

[0091] The above describes A-IoT communication scenarios in detail, such as reader to device (R2D) transmission and device to reader (D2R) transmission. It should be understood that the device here refers to an A-IoT device. R2D transmission and D2R transmission can have multiple alternative resources, such as dedicated frequency bands, uplink frequency bands, downlink frequency bands, or guard bands between two frequency bands. How to obtain resources for A-IoT communication is a problem to be solved. For example, how to obtain resources for R2D transmission or schedule D2R transmission when in a radio resource control (RRC) connected state or a special state is a problem that has not been solved.

[0092] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below. FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method provided by the embodiments of the present application.

[0093] In step S810, the first device determines a first resource from a first resource set. The first device here can refer to a device communicating with an A-IoT device. For example, the first device can be a terminal device or a reader. For another example, the first device can be an intermediate node or a carrier node in A-IoT communication.

[0094] The first resource set mentioned above can have various implementation manners. For example, the first resource set can be a resource pool, or also referred to as an A-IoT resource pool. For another example, the first resource set can be a BWP, or also referred to as an A-IoT BWP. For another example, the first resource set can be a carrier frequency band.

[0095] In the process of A-IoT communication, the resources that can be used include: a resource used for a reader to send an A-IoT signal to an A-IoT device; a resource used for an A-IoT device to send an A-IoT signal to a reader; a resource used for a carrier node to send a carrier signal, the carrier signal being used for backscatter communication; and a resource used for an A-IoT device to actively send an A-IoT signal. In the embodiments of the present application, the resources in the first resource set can include any one of the above resources, or a combination of at least two of the above resources.

[0096] In some implementation manners, the first resource set can have a frequency domain granularity of K physical resource blocks (PRBs). K is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. Correspondingly, the first resource set can include one or more PRBs.

[0097] In some implementation manners, the resources in the first resource set can be located in an uplink frequency band, a downlink frequency band or a guard frequency band of the first device. Alternatively, a dedicated communication resource can be set for A-IoT communication. For example, the resources in the first resource set can be located in a dedicated frequency band for A-IoT communication.

[0098] The first resource set has various configuration manners in the frequency domain, and two implementation manners of the first resource set in the frequency domain are exemplarily described below.

[0099] Implementation manner 1: The resources (such as K PRBs) in the first resource set can be continuous in the frequency domain, which helps to simplify the configuration of the first resource set. Further, taking an example of the resources in the first resource set being configured in a guard frequency band, by configuring continuous PRBs, the guard interval on both sides of the first resource set can be increased as much as possible, thereby helping to reduce the interference of A-IoT transmission on uplink and downlink reception.

[0100] In implementation 2, the resources in the first resource set can be non-continuous in the frequency domain, which is helpful to realize frequency division multiplexing of different R2D transmissions, and frequency diversity gain of D2R transmission. Further, taking the first device as a carrier node as an example, when performing D2R transmission, the carrier node can respectively transmit carriers at the center frequency points of the non-continuous resources for A-IoT device reflection, and the frequency interval between the two carriers is helpful to realize frequency diversity gain.

[0101] Hereinafter, taking the resources in the first resource set as multiple PRBs as an example, the above two different resource configuration modes are introduced in combination with FIG. 9 and FIG. 10.

[0102] For example, FIG. 9 shows one configuration mode of the resources in the first resource set. As shown in FIG. 9, the first resource set can be an A-IoT resource pool, and the A-IoT resource pool includes two continuous PRBs, PRB#m and PRB#m+1, in the frequency domain.

[0103] For another example, FIG. 10 shows another configuration mode of the resources in the first resource set. As shown in FIG. 10, the first resource set can be an A-IoT resource pool, and the A-IoT resource pool includes two non-continuous PRBs, PRB#0 and PRB#N-1, in the frequency domain. The PRB#0 and PRB#N-1 are spaced apart by multiple PRBs in the frequency domain.

[0104] The above introduces multiple configuration modes of the first resource set in the frequency domain. Correspondingly, the first resource set can also have multiple configuration modes in the time domain, and two implementation modes of the first resource set in the time domain are exemplarily introduced below.

[0105] In implementation 1, the first resource set can take N continuous time slots or M continuous orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols as the time domain granularity, which is helpful to ensure the coexistence of A-IoT transmission and uplink / downlink transmission. Here, N and M are both positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

[0106] In order to ensure the continuity of A-IoT transmission as much as possible, the time domain granularity can satisfy at least one of the following multiple conditions:

[0107] Condition 1: The time domain granularity of the first resource set can be greater than or equal to a first threshold. The first threshold can be determined based on multiple information. For example, the first threshold can be determined based on pre-configuration information. For another example, the first threshold can be determined based on the configuration information of the network device. For another example, the first threshold can be determined based on protocol pre-defined information.

[0108] Condition 2: The time-domain granularity of the first resource set can be greater than or equal to a first time duration. Here, the first time duration is the maximum time duration of a continuous transmission in A-IoT communication. For example, the first time duration can be the maximum time duration of a continuous transmission in R2D transmission. For another example, the first time duration can be the maximum time duration of a continuous transmission in D2R transmission.

[0109] As an example, FIG. 11 shows a flowchart of a one-time inventory flow. As shown in FIG. 11, assume that in this inventory flow, the time duration for the A-IoT device to transmit Msg3 is the maximum time duration. To ensure that this message can be successfully transmitted, the first time duration can be configured to be greater than or equal to the time duration for the A-IoT device to transmit Msg3.

[0110] As another example, assume that the first resource set can be used to transmit a control message (command), and the time duration for transmitting this control message is the maximum time duration in A-IoT transmission. To ensure that the control message can be successfully transmitted, the first time duration can be configured to be greater than or equal to the time duration for transmitting the control message.

[0111] Condition 3: The time-domain granularity of the first resource set can be greater than or equal to a second time duration. Here, the second time duration is the time duration corresponding to one-time inventory flow.

[0112] As an example, continuing to refer to FIG. 11, in one-time inventory flow, A-IoT Msg1 trigger message (may not exist), A-IoT Msg1, Msg2, and Msg3 need to be transmitted. In addition, A-IoT paging needs to be transmitted at the beginning of the inventory flow, and there is also a time interval between different messages (such as T D2R in FIG. 11). To avoid interruption of one inventory flow, the second time duration can be configured to be greater than or equal to the maximum value of: {the time duration for transmitting A-IoT paging + the maximum value of T R2D_R2D , i.e., T R2D , i.e., T R2D_max} + the time duration for transmitting A-IoT Msg1 + the maximum value of T D2R , i.e., T D2R_max} + the time duration for transmitting Msg2 + the maximum value of T R2D , i.e., T R2D_max} + the time duration for transmitting Msg3.

[0113] Implementation 2: The first resource set can include all time slots in the time domain, thereby helping to ensure the continuity of A-IoT transmission.

[0114] The above introduces the configuration manner of resources in the first resource set in the frequency domain and the time domain. The following introduces how the resources in the first resource set are allocated to the first device.

[0115] In some implementations, the resources within the first set of resources can be allocated to the first device by the network device. For example, the first resources can be determined based on configured grant or dynamic grant of the network device. The configured grant here can include grant configured completely through higher layer signaling and grant configured through higher layer signaling and then activated via physical layer signaling.

[0116] Taking the first set of resources as a BWP for A-IoT communication as an example, the A-IoT transmission resources can be indicated within the BWP based on the configured grant and the dynamic grant. Or, taking the first set of resources as an A-IoT resource pool as an example, the A-IoT resource pool can be configured or pre-configured within the BWP, and the resources in the A-IoT resource pool are a subset of all the resources within the BWP. The A-IoT transmission resources can be indicated within the A-IoT resource pool based on the configured grant and the dynamic grant. Exemplarily, the base station can allocate the A-IoT resource pool to the first device through the RRC layer, or the A-IoT resource pool can also be pre-configured to the first device.

[0117] In some other implementations, the first resources can be autonomously selected by the first device from the first set of resources. When the first device autonomously selects the resources for A-IoT communication, multiple types of resources can be autonomously selected, and two types of autonomously selected resources are exemplarily introduced below.

[0118] Resource Type 1: The first device can only select the transmission resources in A-IoT communication, or the first device can only select the reception resources in A-IoT communication. For example, the transmission resources here can be the resources for R2D transmission. For another example, the transmission resources here can be the resources for carrier node to transmit carrier signals. For another example, the reception resources here can be the resources for D2R transmission. For another example, the reception resources here can be the resources for A-IoT device to actively transmit A-IoT signals.

[0119] Resource Type 2: The first device can select the first set of resources in A-IoT communication. The first set of resources here can include the transmission resources and the reception resources in A-IoT communication. It should be understood that in some implementations, the transmission resources and the reception resources in the first set of resources can have an association relationship. For example, the transmission resources in the first set of resources can be the resources for R2D transmission, and correspondingly, the reception resources in the first set of resources can be the resources for D2R transmission corresponding to the above-mentioned resources for R2D transmission.

[0120] As an example, assuming the intermediate node and the carrier node are the same terminal entity, the first set of resources in the above can be selected for A-IoT transmission based on resource type 2. In this way, the intermediate node can indicate the selected resources to the corresponding carrier node, so as to provide a carrier for the A-IoT device when the A-IoT device needs to send D2R through backscattering. Or, if the A-IoT device sends D2R through active emission, the intermediate node can select the resource for D2R transmission based on resource type 2 to schedule the A-IoT device for D2R transmission.

[0121] Further, if the A-IoT device scheduled by the intermediate node is of the active emission type, the intermediate node can select the resource for R2D transmission and the corresponding D2R transmission at the same time based on resource type 2.

[0122] As another example, assuming the intermediate node and the carrier node are different terminal entities, the intermediate node and the carrier node can select resources based on resource type 1 respectively. For example, the intermediate node can select the resource for R2D transmission, while the carrier node can select the resource for sending the carrier signal. In this way, it is helpful to reduce the signaling interaction between the intermediate node and the carrier node. In addition, it is also helpful to reduce the collision of resources.

[0123] The above describes the manner in which the first device autonomously selects the resource type for A-IoT communication. In some implementations, the first device can autonomously select the resource for A-IoT communication under any condition. In other implementations, the first device can autonomously select the resource for A-IoT communication under the condition that a preset condition is met. Illustratively, if the first device does not meet the above-mentioned preset condition, the first device can select the resource for A-IoT communication based on the network device.

[0124] The above-mentioned preset condition can be various. For example, the preset condition can be radio link failure (RLF). As another example, the preset condition can be the time (or the first time) between receiving a handover (HO) command from the first device to the successful HO of the first device. As another example, the preset condition can be the RRC idle state. As another example, the preset condition can be that the first device is in a state of not obtaining or releasing the first authorization. The first authorization here can be used for the first device to perform A-IoT communication.

[0125] The manner in which the first device autonomously selects the resource for A-IoT communication can be various. For example, the first device can randomly select the first resource from the first resource set. Illustratively, taking the first device as an intermediate node as an example, the intermediate node can randomly select the first resource from the A-IoT resource pool for A-IoT transmission.

[0126] Alternatively, in some implementations, the first device can select the first resource according to a listening result. The listening result here can be determined based on a listening procedure, and the listening duration corresponding to the listening procedure can be determined based on a time interval between adjacent messages in the A-IoT communication. It should be understood that the time interval here can refer to the time between the end time of the previous message and the start time of the next message.

[0127] In some implementations, the time interval between the adjacent messages mentioned above can be a first time interval, i.e., the maximum time interval between the first device switching from sending the first type of message to receiving the second type of message. Alternatively, the time interval between the adjacent messages can also be a second time interval, i.e., the maximum time interval between the first device switching from receiving the second type of message to sending the first type of message. The first type of message here can be the message in R2D transmission, and the second type of message can be the message in D2R transmission.

[0128] For example, in the inventory procedure shown in FIG. 11, the first time interval can be T R2D_max , i.e., the time between the end time of Msg2 and the start time of Msg3; and the second time interval can be T D2R_max , i.e., the time between the end time of A-IoT Msg1 and the start time of Msg2.

[0129] In some implementations, the listening duration can be greater than or equal to the maximum value of the first time interval and the second time interval. Of course, the listening duration can also refer to only one of the above two time intervals. For example, the listening duration can be greater than or equal to only the first time interval. For another example, the listening duration can also be greater than or equal to only the second time interval.

[0130] A more specific example is given below to introduce in detail the manner of the embodiment of the application for autonomously selecting the first resource based on the listening result.

[0131] As an example, the intermediate node can determine that there is no A-IoT transmission exceeding a certain power threshold or energy threshold in a continuous time T through listening, and then start to select the resource after T for A-IoT transmission. Here, T is a specific value defined by network configuration or standard, and T is greater than or equal to the maximum value of T R2D_max and T D2R_max (see FIG. 11). For example, the intermediate node can measure the energy of the unlimited signal or the power of the A-IoT signal on all PRBs in the resource pool in the continuous time T, and when the measured average energy / power is less than the corresponding threshold, the intermediate node can select the resource after T for A-IoT transmission.

[0132] The above describes that the first device can perform A-IoT communication based on resources in the first resource set. In some implementations, the first device can also be configured with multiple resource sets from which the first device can select resources for A-IoT communication. For example, in addition to the first resource set mentioned above, the second device can also be configured with a second resource set. For example, the second resource set can be an A-IoT resource pool. Illustratively, the second resource set can include a subset of all resources within a BWP for A-IoT communication.

[0133] In some implementations, different resource sets can be selected based on different states of the first device. For example, when the first device is in a first state, the first device can perform A-IoT communication based on resources in the first resource set. For another example, when the first device is in a second state, the first device can perform A-IoT communication based on resources in the second resource set. Illustratively, the first state can include an RLF state, an HO state, or an RRC idle state. Illustratively, the second state can include an RRC connected state.

[0134] As an example, taking the first resource set as a second A-IoT resource pool and the second resource set as a first A-IoT resource pool as an example. If the intermediate node is in a first state, such as an HO state or an RLF state, at this time the intermediate node releases the existing A-IoT authorization, the intermediate node can autonomously select resources in the second A-IoT resource pool for A-IoT communication.

[0135] As mentioned above, the resources in the first resource set can be allocated or autonomously selected by the network device. In some implementations, the resources in the second resource set can only be allocated by the network device. Illustratively, assuming that the resources in the first resource set and the second resource set are both allocated by the network device, the first resource set and the second resource set can be configured or pre-configured by different RRC layer information elements (IEs), that is, they are logically different resource sets.

[0136] If the first device is configured with two resource sets, in some implementations, the first resource set and the second resource set can have the following configuration modes.

[0137] Configuration mode 1: The first resource set and the second resource set can be located within the same BWP. This mode can reduce the range of frequencies that the A-IoT device needs to receive. Illustratively, for an intermediate node, if the first A-IoT resource pool and the second A-IoT resource pool are configured or pre-configured, the BWP in which the second A-IoT resource pool is located can be the same as the BWP in which the first A-IoT resource pool is located.

[0138] Configuration Mode 2: The first resource set and the second resource set can be located in different BWPs. In this configuration mode, there is a large frequency domain interval between the two resource sets, thereby allowing different transmission timings to be used in different resource sets, which is conducive to flexible use of the two resource sets for A-IoT transmission.

[0139] Configuration Mode 3: The first resource set and the second resource set can be located in different frequency bands. As mentioned above, the first resource set can be located in an uplink frequency band, a downlink frequency band, a guard frequency band, or a dedicated frequency band for A-IoT communication. In some implementations, if the first resource set is located in the guard frequency band, the second resource set can be located in the uplink frequency band or the downlink frequency band.

[0140] Further, the state of the first device can also be associated with the frequency band corresponding to the first resource set. For example, when the first device is in the first state (such as the RLF state or the HO state), the first resource set can be located in the guard frequency band.

[0141] For another example, if the first resource set is located in the guard frequency band and the second resource set is located in the uplink frequency band, when the first device is in the second state (such as the RRC connected state), the first device can perform A-IoT transmission based on the resources in the second resource set. Accordingly, the A-IoT device can also support A-IoT transmission in the uplink frequency band and the guard frequency band, thereby helping to avoid interference to uplink / downlink reception by the first device.

[0142] As an example, when the intermediate node is in the second state (such as the RRC connected state), the base station can indicate A-IoT transmission resources for the intermediate node from all resources in the BWP for A-IoT communication through configured grant or dynamic grant, i.e., there is no available first A-IoT resource pool. This can avoid resource fragmentation due to the existence of the A-IoT resource pool, and also ensure flexibility of reader scheduling.

[0143] As another example, when the intermediate node is in the first state (such as the HO state or the RLF state), A-IoT transmission resources can be selected from a second A-IoT resource pool configured or preconfigured, thereby ensuring continuity of A-IoT transmission. Alternatively, A-IoT transmission resources can be selected from the corresponding guard frequency band of the frequency band in which the BWP for A-IoT communication is located. For example, resources in the middle one or more PRBs of the guard frequency band can be selected for A-IoT transmission. In this way, the intermediate node can use the resources available for A-IoT transmission in the guard frequency band as the default A-IoT resource pool, which helps to ensure continuity of A-IoT transmission, and in addition, there is no need for network to configure or preconfigure the resource pool.

[0144] In some implementations, the transmission timing of the first device when performing the A-IoT transmission based on the resources within the first set of resources can be determined based on a downlink timing of the first device.

[0145] For example, when the first device is in the first state, the transmission timing of the first device can be determined based on a downlink timing of the first device. Illustratively, if the first state is the RLF state, the transmission timing of the first device can be determined based on a synchronization signal block (SSB) transmitted by a serving cell.

[0146] As an example, taking the first device as an intermediate node, when the intermediate node is in the RLF state, the uplink synchronization with the base station has been lost, at this time, the intermediate node can adopt the downlink timing, that is, the starting point of the R2D transmission should be aligned with the starting point of the OFDM symbol determined based on the downlink timing. The downlink timing here can be obtained by the intermediate node according to the latest received SSB.

[0147] For another example, if the first state is the HO state, the transmission timing of the first device can be determined based on an SSB transmitted by a source cell or an SSB transmitted by a target cell. Further, if the first set of resources is configured by the source cell, the transmission timing of the first device can be determined based on the SSB transmitted by the source cell. Alternatively, if the first set of resources is configured by the target cell, the transmission timing of the first device can be determined based on the SSB transmitted by the target cell.

[0148] As an example, taking the first device as an intermediate node, if the intermediate node is in the HO state, although the intermediate node still maintains uplink synchronization with the source base station at this time, in order to better coexist with other intermediate nodes in the RLF state within the A-IoT resource pool, the intermediate node can adopt the downlink timing, that is, the starting point of the R2D transmission should be aligned with the starting point of the OFDM symbol determined based on the downlink timing. If the A-IoT resource pool is configured by the source cell or the target cell, the downlink timing can be obtained by the intermediate node according to the SSB of the source cell or the target cell.

[0149] It is introduced above that the first set of resources can be an A-IoT BWP. The A-IoT BWP in the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below taking the A-IoT BWP as the first BWP as an example.

[0150] The first BWP can be located in the uplink frequency band, the downlink frequency band, the guard frequency band, or a dedicated frequency band for A-IoT communication. In some implementations, the first BWP can be located in an active uplink BWP or an active downlink BWP of the first device. For example, when the first BWP is located in the uplink frequency band or the downlink frequency band, the resource for A-IoT communication is located in the active uplink BWP (or the active downlink BWP) of the intermediate node, which helps to avoid the latency caused by BWP switching between uplink / downlink transmission or reception and A-IoT transmission or reception.

[0151] In some other implementations, the first BWP can be a BWP dedicated for A-IoT communication. For example, the intermediate node can configure a dedicated A-IoT BWP for A-IoT transmission, and the A-IoT BWP is configured by a separate RRC layer signaling.

[0152] In some implementations, the first BWP can be used for both transmission and reception of A-IoT signals by the first device, so that the A-IoT transmission resource can be more effectively controlled. Illustratively, the A-IoT transmission resource herein can include one or more of the resource used by the intermediate node for R2D transmission, the resource used by the carrier node for transmitting a carrier, and the resource used by the active transmission type A-IoT device for D2R transmission.

[0153] If the first BWP is located in the guard frequency band, in order to avoid interference to uplink / downlink reception, in some implementations, the bandwidth of the first BWP can be smaller than the bandwidth of the guard frequency band. For example, the first BWP can be located in one or more PRBs in the middle of the guard frequency band.

[0154] Alternatively, if the first BWP is located in the dedicated frequency band for A-IoT communication, in some implementations, the bandwidth of the first BWP can be smaller than or equal to the bandwidth of the dedicated frequency band. For example, in the dedicated frequency band, the first BWP can be the entire bandwidth of the frequency band by default.

[0155] For ease of understanding, the embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below in conjunction with specific examples. It should be noted that the examples below are only intended to help those skilled in the art understand the embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present application to the specific values or specific scenarios exemplified.

[0156] In the environmental IoT, the intermediate node and the carrier node can be the same terminal or different terminals, i.e., the intermediate node and the carrier node in the following can be the same terminal entity. In the environmental IoT, the intermediate node and the carrier node can use the uplink frequency band, the downlink frequency band, the guard frequency band between the uplink frequency band and the downlink frequency band, and the A-IoT dedicated frequency band for A-IoT communication.

[0157] A-IoT BWP

[0158] If it is an uplink / downlink frequency band, the resource for A-IoT communication can be located within the active uplink / downlink BWP (Band With Part) of the intermediate node or the carrier node, so as to avoid the delay caused by the BWP switching between uplink / downlink transmission / reception and A-IoT transmission / reception. Optionally, the intermediate node or the carrier node can configure a dedicated A-IoT BWP for A-IoT transmission, which is configured by a separate RRC layer signaling, and the A-IoT BWP for A-IoT transmission and reception is the same, so as to more effectively control the A-IoT transmission resource. The A-IoT transmission resource includes one or more of the resources of the intermediate node for transmitting R2D, the resources of the carrier node for transmitting a carrier to assist the device in backscattering, and the resources of the actively transmitting device for transmitting D2R.

[0159] If it is a guard band or a dedicated band, an A-IoT BWP for A-IoT transmission and reception is configured on the band. If it is a guard band, the bandwidth of the A-IoT BWP should be smaller than the bandwidth of the band, so as to avoid interference to uplink / downlink reception, for example, the A-IoT BWP is located in the middle one or more PRBs of the guard band. If it is a dedicated band, the bandwidth of the A-IoT BWP can be smaller than or equal to the bandwidth of the band. Optionally, in the dedicated band, the A-IoT BWP defaults to the bandwidth of the entire band.

[0160] A-IoT resource set (entire A-IoT BWP or resource pool)

[0161] The intermediate node in the RRC connected state can transmit R2D using the configured grant or dynamic grant provided by the base station, the configured grant including the grant configured entirely by the high layer signaling and the grant configured by the high layer signaling and then activated by the physical layer signaling. The configured grant and the dynamic grant can indicate the A-IoT transmission resource within the A-IoT BWP. Alternatively, a first A-IoT resource pool containing a subset of all resources within the A-IoT BWP can be configured or pre-configured within the A-IoT BWP, and the configured grant and the dynamic grant can indicate the A-IoT transmission resource within the first A-IoT resource pool.

[0162] If the intermediate node / carrier node releases the existing A-IoT grant in a special state, such as radio link failure (RLF) or handover (HO), the intermediate node / carrier node can autonomously select resources in the second A-IoT resource pool for A-IoT transmission. The time-frequency resources contained in the second A-IoT resource pool are a subset of all resources in the A-IoT BWP. If there is a first A-IoT resource pool, the second A-IoT resource pool and the first A-IoT resource pool are configured or pre-configured by different RRC layer information units, and the two are logically different resource pools.

[0163] For an intermediate node / carrier node, if the second A-IoT resource pool is configured / pre-configured, then:

[0164] (1) The A-IoT BWP where the A-IoT resource pool is located should be the same as the A-IoT BWP where the intermediate node / carrier node transmits A-IoT in the RRC connected state, so as to reduce the frequency range that the device needs to receive. Alternatively,

[0165] (2) The second A-IoT resource pool can be located in a different A-IoT BWP or a different frequency band, for example, the A-IoT BWP where the A-IoT transmission is located in the RRC connected state is located in the uplink frequency band, and the second A-IoT resource pool is located in the guard frequency band. The device should also support A-IoT transmission in the uplink frequency band and the guard frequency band. Thus, the interference of the intermediate node / carrier node in the special state to the uplink / downlink reception can be more effectively avoided.

[0166] Illustratively, for an intermediate node / carrier node in the RRC connected state, the base station directly indicates the A-IoT transmission resource for the intermediate node / carrier node from all resources in the A-IoT BWP through the configured grant or dynamic grant, i.e., there is no available first A-IoT resource pool. This can avoid resource fragmentation due to the existence of the resource pool, and also ensure the flexibility of the reader scheduling. For an intermediate node / carrier node in a special state.

[0167] Illustratively, the A-IoT transmission resource can be selected from the configured or pre-configured second resource pool, so as to ensure the continuity of the A-IoT transmission. Alternatively,

[0168] Exemplarily, the A-IoT transmission resource can be selected from the guard band corresponding to the frequency band where the A-IoT BWP is located, for example, the resource can be selected from one or more PRBs in the middle of the guard band for A-IoT transmission. In this way, the intermediate node / carrier node takes the resource available for A-IoT transmission in the guard band as the default A-IoT resource pool, which can ensure the continuity of A-IoT transmission, and in addition, there is no need for the network to configure or pre-configure the resource pool.

[0169] A-IoT resource pool transmission timing

[0170] If the intermediate node / carrier node uses the resource in the second resource pool for A-IoT transmission:

[0171] (1) If the intermediate node / carrier node is in the RLF state, since the intermediate node / carrier node has lost the uplink synchronization with the base station, the intermediate node / carrier node should use the downlink timing, that is, the starting point of sending R2D should be aligned with the starting point of the OFDM symbol determined according to the downlink timing. The downlink timing is obtained by the intermediate node / carrier node according to the last received synchronization signal block (SSB, Synchronization Signal Block);

[0172] (2) If the intermediate node / carrier node is in the HO state, although the intermediate node / carrier node still maintains the uplink synchronization with the source base station, in order to better coexist with other intermediate nodes / carrier nodes in the RLF state in the resource pool, the intermediate node / carrier node should use the downlink timing, that is, the starting point of sending R2D should be aligned with the starting point of the OFDM symbol determined according to the downlink timing. If the second A-IoT resource pool is configured by the source / target cell, the downlink timing is obtained by the intermediate node / carrier node according to the SSB of the source / target cell.

[0173] Configuration of resource pool

[0174] For the above first A-IoT resource pool or second A-IoT resource pool, it can be configured by the base station through the RRC layer or pre-configured. The resource pool can be used for R2D transmission, carrier transmission or D2R transmission. The frequency domain granularity of the resource pool should be PRB, and one resource pool can contain one or more PRBs.

[0175] The PRBs contained in the resource pool can be continuous, as shown in FIG. 9, thereby facilitating the configuration of the resource pool, especially when the resource pool is configured in the guard band, by configuring continuous PBRs, the protection interval on both sides of the resource pool can be increased as much as possible, and the interference of A-IoT transmission on uplink and downlink reception is reduced.

[0176] The PRBs contained in the resource pool can also be discontinuous. By configuring discontinuous PRBs, frequency division multiplexing of different R2D transmissions can be achieved, and frequency diversity gain of D2R transmission. An example is shown in FIG. 10, in which the resource pool contains two discontinuous PRBs. The frequency interval between the two PRBs can avoid mutual interference between the frequency division multiplexed R2D transmissions. In addition, when transmitting D2R, the carrier node can transmit a carrier at the center frequency of PRB #0 and PRB #N-1 for device reflection, respectively. The frequency interval between the two carriers can bring frequency diversity gain.

[0177] According to the first implementation of the present application, in order to ensure the coexistence of A-IoT transmission and uplink and downlink transmission, in the time domain, the granularity of the A-IoT resource pool should be N consecutive time slots or M consecutive OFDM symbols, and the time length of the time domain resource granularity should at least satisfy one of the following conditions:

[0178] (1) greater than or equal to a certain specific value, which is configured by the network, pre-configured, or defined by the standard;

[0179] (2) greater than or equal to the longest continuous A-IoT transmission that can be transmitted in the resource pool, including R2D and D2R. For example, if the resource pool is used for inventorying, as shown in FIG. 11, the longest A-IoT transmission is the Msg3 transmitted by the device. In order to ensure the successful transmission of the message, the time domain resource granularity should be greater than the duration of the device transmitting Msg3. For example, if the resource pool is used to transmit a control message (Command), and the control message is the maximum possible transmission time in the resource pool, then the time domain resource granularity should be greater than or equal to this value;

[0180] (3) greater than or equal to the longest time required for inventorying one device. As shown in FIG. 11, inventorying one device requires transmitting A-IoT Msg1 trigger message (which can not exist), A-IoT Msg1, Msg2, and Msg3. In addition, A-IoT paging (A-IoT paging) also needs to be transmitted at the beginning, and there is also a time interval between different messages. In order to avoid interruption of one inventorying process, the time domain resource granularity of the resource pool can be greater than or equal to: {the transmission time of A-IoT paging + the maximum value of T R2D_R2D , assuming that A-IoT Msg1 trigger message exists} + T R2D , that is, T R2D_max} + the transmission time of A-IoT Msg1 + the maximum value of T D2R , that is, T D2R_max} + the transmission time of Msg2 + the maximum value of T R2D , that is, T R2D_max} + the transmission time of Msg3.

[0181] Autonomous resource selection within resource pool

[0182] When the intermediate node / carrier node autonomously selects resources within the resource pool, the intermediate node can select resources for both R2D and corresponding D2R transmission at the same time, if the intermediate node and the carrier node are the same terminal entity, the intermediate node should indicate the selected resources to the corresponding carrier node, so as to provide the carrier for the device when the device needs to transmit D2R through backscattering. Or, if the device transmits D2R through active transmission, the intermediate node can schedule the device to transmit D2R according to the selected resources for D2R transmission, for example, schedule the device to transmit D2R on the selected time-frequency resources.

[0183] Or, when the intermediate node and the carrier node are different terminal entities, the intermediate node and the carrier node select resources for R2D transmission and resources for transmitting the carrier respectively. This is conducive to reducing the signaling interaction between the intermediate node and the carrier node, in addition, it is also conducive to reducing the collision of resources.

[0184] Optionally, when the intermediate node and the carrier node are the same terminal entity, or when the device scheduled by the intermediate node is of the active transmission type, the intermediate node should select R2D and corresponding D2R transmission resources at the same time.

[0185] When the intermediate node / carrier node autonomously selects resources within the A-IoT resource pool, one of the following methods can be used:

[0186] Method 1: The intermediate node / carrier node selects resources within the resource pool through listening, that is, the intermediate node / carrier node should determine that there is no A-IoT transmission exceeding a certain power threshold or energy threshold within a continuous time T through listening, and then start selecting the subsequent resources for A-IoT transmission, wherein T is a specific value configured by the network or defined by the standard, and T is greater than or equal to the maximum value of TR2D and TD2R. _max _max For example, the intermediate node / carrier node can measure the average energy or A-IoT signal power of all PRBs within the resource pool within a continuous time T, and when the measured average energy / power is less than the corresponding threshold, the intermediate node / carrier node can select the subsequent resources for A-IoT transmission.

[0187] Method 2: Random resource selection, that is, the intermediate node / carrier node randomly selects resources within the A-IoT resource pool for A-IoT transmission.

[0188] ​The example provides a method for an intermediate node / carrier node to obtain resources for A-IoT transmission. Through the method provided by the example, the intermediate node / carrier node can determine A-IoT transmission resources within an A-IoT BWP or an A-IoT resource pool according to scheduling of a base station, or autonomously select A-IoT transmission resources within the A-IoT resource pool. Through the above method, interference of A-IoT transmission on uplink and downlink reception, interference of A-IoT transmission on A-IoT reception, and interruption of A-IoT transmission can be reduced.

[0189] The method embodiments of the present application are described in detail above in combination with FIG. 1 to FIG. 11, and the device embodiments of the present application are described in detail below in combination with FIG. 12 to FIG. 13. It should be understood that the description of the method embodiments corresponds to the description of the device embodiments, and therefore, the parts not described in detail can be referred to the foregoing method embodiments.

[0190] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application. The communication device 1200 shown in FIG. 12 is any one of the first devices described above. As shown in FIG. 12, the communication device 1200 includes a determination module 1210.

[0191] The determination module 1210 is configured to determine a first resource from a first resource set, the first resource being used for A-IoT communication, wherein the first resource set is a resource pool, a bandwidth part (BWP) used for A-IoT communication, or a carrier frequency range.

[0192] In some implementations, the first resource set satisfies one or more of the following in the frequency domain: the first resource set has a frequency domain granularity of K physical resource blocks (PRBs), K being a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; the resources in the first resource set are continuous or discontinuous in the frequency domain.

[0193] In some implementations, the first resource set satisfies one of the following in the time domain: a time domain granularity of the first resource set is greater than or equal to a first threshold, the first threshold being determined based on pre-configuration information, configuration information of a network device, or protocol pre-defined information; a time domain granularity of the first resource set is greater than or equal to a first time length, the first time length being a maximum time length of one continuous transmission in the A-IoT communication; a time domain granularity of the first resource set is greater than or equal to a second time length, the second time length being a time length corresponding to one inventory process.

[0194] In some implementations, the first resource set has a time domain granularity of continuous N time slots or continuous M symbols, N and M being positive integers greater than or equal to 1; or the first resource set includes all time slots in the time domain.

[0195] In some implementations, the resources within the first set of resources are allocated by a network device.

[0196] In some implementations, the first resource is autonomously selected by the first device from the first set of resources autonomously.

[0197] In some implementations, the first resource is autonomously selected by the first device from the first set of resources when the first device is in one or more of the following states or times: a radio link failure (RLF); a first time, which is a time between receiving a handover command from the first device to a successful handover of the first device; a radio resource control (RRC) idle state; a state in which the first device does not acquire or has released a first grant for A-IoT communication by the first device.

[0198] In some implementations, the first resource belongs to a first group of resources selected by the first device, the first group of resources including a transmission resource and a reception resource in the A-IoT communication; or, the first device only selects a transmission resource in the A-IoT communication; or, the first device only selects a reception resource in the A-IoT communication.

[0199] In some implementations, the transmission resource and the reception resource in the first group of resources have an association relationship.

[0200] In some implementations, the first resource is randomly selected by the first device from the first set of resources; or, the first resource is selected by the first device according to a listening result.

[0201] In some implementations, the listening result is determined based on a listening process, and a listening duration corresponding to the listening process is determined based on a time interval between adjacent messages in the A-IoT communication.

[0202] In some implementations, the listening duration is determined based on one or more of the following: a first time interval, which is used to indicate a maximum time interval between a conversion of the first device from transmitting a first type of message to receiving a second type of message; a second time interval, which is used to indicate a maximum time interval between a conversion of the first device from receiving the second type of message to transmitting the first type of message; wherein the first type of message is a message transmitted by a reader to an A-IoT device, and the second type of message is a message transmitted by the A-IoT device to the reader.

[0203] In some implementations, the listening duration is greater than or equal to a maximum value of the first time interval and the second time interval.

[0204] In some implementations, the first device is further configured with a second set of resources, resources in the second set of resources are allocated by the network device only.

[0205] In some implementations, the first set of resources and the second set of resources satisfy one of the following: the first set of resources and the second set of resources are located within a same BWP; the first set of resources and the second set of resources are located within different BWPs; the first set of resources and the second set of resources are located within different frequency bands.

[0206] In some implementations, the first set of resources is located within a guard band, and the second set of resources is located within an uplink frequency band or a downlink frequency band.

[0207] In some implementations, when performing the A-IoT transmission based on the resources within the first set of resources, a transmission timing of the first device is determined based on a downlink timing of the first device.

[0208] In some implementations, the transmission timing of the first device is determined based on the downlink timing of the first device, including: if the first device is in a first state, the transmission timing of the first device is determined based on the downlink timing of the first device.

[0209] In some implementations, if the first state is a radio link failure (RLF) state, the transmission timing of the first device is determined based on a synchronization signal block (SSB) transmitted by a serving cell; and / or, if the first state is a cell handover (HO) state, the transmission timing of the first device is determined based on a SSB transmitted by a source cell or a SSB transmitted by a target cell.

[0210] In some implementations, if the first set of resources is configured by the source cell, the transmission timing of the first device is determined based on the SSB transmitted by the source cell; and / or, if the first set of resources is configured by the target cell, the transmission timing of the first device is determined based on the SSB transmitted by the target cell.

[0211] In some implementations, the first set of resources is located within an uplink frequency band, a downlink frequency band, a guard band, or a dedicated frequency band for the A-IoT communication.

[0212] In some implementations, if the first device is in a first state, the first set of resources is located within the guard band.

[0213] In some implementations, the first state includes an RLF state, a cell handover (HO) state, or an RRC idle state.

[0214] In some implementations, the first set of resources belongs to a first BWP.

[0215] In some embodiments, the first BWP is located in an uplink frequency band, a downlink frequency band, a guard frequency band, or a dedicated frequency band for the A-IoT communication.

[0216] In some embodiments, the first BWP is located in an active uplink BWP or an active downlink BWP of the first device.

[0217] In some embodiments, the first BWP is a BWP dedicated for the A-IoT communication.

[0218] In some embodiments, the first BWP is used for both transmitting and receiving A-IoT signals by the first device.

[0219] In some embodiments, the first BWP is located in a guard frequency band, and a bandwidth of the first BWP is smaller than a bandwidth of the guard frequency band; or, the first BWP is located in a dedicated frequency band for the A-IoT communication, and a bandwidth of the first BWP is smaller than or equal to a bandwidth of the dedicated frequency band.

[0220] In some embodiments, the first resource is determined based on a configured grant or a dynamic grant of a network device.

[0221] In some embodiments, the first device is an intermediate node or a carrier node in the A-IoT communication.

[0222] In some embodiments, the first device is a terminal device or a reader.

[0223] In some embodiments, the resources in the first resource set comprise one or more of the following: a resource for a reader to transmit an A-IoT signal to an A-IoT device; a resource for an A-IoT device to transmit an A-IoT signal to a reader; a resource for a carrier node to transmit a carrier signal for backscattering communication; a resource for an A-IoT device to actively transmit an A-IoT signal.

[0224] In some embodiments, the second resource set is a resource pool.

[0225] FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application. The dashed line in FIG. 13 indicates that the unit or module is optional. The apparatus 1300 can be used to implement the methods described in the above method embodiments. The apparatus 1300 can be a chip, a terminal device, or a network device.

[0226] The apparatus 1300 can include one or more processors 1310. The processor 1310 can support the apparatus 1300 to implement the methods described in the foregoing method embodiments. The processor 1310 can be a general processor or a special-purpose processor. For example, the processor can be a central processing unit (CPU). Alternatively, the processor can also be other general processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, etc. The general processor can be a microprocessor or the processor can also be any conventional processor.

[0227] The apparatus 1300 can also include one or more memories 1320. The memory 1320 stores programs, which can be executed by the processor 1310, so that the processor 1310 performs the methods described in the foregoing method embodiments. The memory 1320 can be independent of the processor 1310 or integrated in the processor 1310.

[0228] The apparatus 1300 can also include a transceiver 1330. The processor 1310 can communicate with other devices or chips through the transceiver 1330. For example, the processor 1310 can perform data transceiving with other devices or chips through the transceiver 1330.

[0229] The embodiments of the present application also provide a computer readable storage medium for storing programs. The computer readable storage medium can be applied to the terminal or network device provided by the embodiments of the present application, and the programs make the computer execute the methods performed by the environmental Internet of Things device, the terminal device or the network device in the various embodiments of the present application.

[0230] The embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program product. The computer program product includes programs. The computer program product can be applied to the terminal or network device provided by the embodiments of the present application, and the programs make the computer execute the methods performed by the environmental Internet of Things device, the terminal device or the network device in the various embodiments of the present application.

[0231] The embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program. The computer program can be applied to the environmental Internet of Things device, the terminal device or the network device provided by the embodiments of the present application, and the computer program makes the computer execute the methods performed by the terminal device or the network device in the various embodiments of the present application.

[0232] It should be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. The terms "first", "second", and the like in the description and in the claims, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the terms "comprising", "including", "having" and the like, if any, are by way of introduction only, and are to be construed in an open, non-limiting fashion.

[0233] In embodiments of the present application, the term "indicates" can be direct indication, or indirect indication, or can be a relationship of association. For example, A indicates B, which can mean that B can be obtained directly through A, or A indirectly indicates B, for example, A indicates C, and B can be obtained through C, or A and B have a relationship of association.

[0234] In embodiments of the present application, "B corresponding to A" means that B is associated with A, and B can be determined according to A. However, it should also be understood that determining B according to A does not mean that B is determined only according to A, but B can also be determined according to A and / or other information.

[0235] In embodiments of the present application, the term "corresponding" can mean a direct or indirect relationship between the two, or can mean a relationship of association between the two, or can mean a relationship of indication, configuration, and the like.

[0236] In embodiments of the present application, "predefined" or "preconfigured" can be achieved by pre-saving corresponding codes, tables or other information that can be used to indicate related information in devices (for example, including terminal devices and network devices), and the present application does not limit the specific implementation manner. For example, predefinition can mean definition in a protocol.

[0237] In embodiments of the present application, the "protocol" can refer to a standard protocol in the communication field, which can include, for example, an LTE protocol, an NR protocol, and a related protocol applied to a future communication system, and the present application does not limit this.

[0238] In embodiments of the present application, the term "and / or" is only a description of the relationship between the associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B, which can mean that A exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this paper generally means that the front and rear associated objects have an "or" relationship.

[0239] In various embodiments of the present application, the size of the serial number of the above processes does not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of the processes should be determined by their functions and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0240] In several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, device and method can be implemented by other manners. For example, the above-described device embodiments are merely illustrative, for example, the division of the units is merely a logical function division, and in actual implementation, another division manner can be adopted, for example, a plurality of units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between the units shown or discussed can be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0241] The units described as separate components can or can not be physically separate, and the components shown as units can or can not be physical units, i.e., can be located in one place or distributed on a plurality of network units. Part or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the embodiment.

[0242] In addition, the functional units in each embodiment of the present application can be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit can be physically present separately, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit.

[0243] In the above embodiments, all or part can be realized by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When realized by software, all or part can be realized in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When loaded and executed by a computer, the computer instructions produce the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present application. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer readable storage medium or transferred from one computer readable storage medium to another, for example, the computer instructions can be transferred from one website, computer, server or data center to another through wired (such as coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) manner. The computer readable storage medium can be any available medium readable by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. integrated with one or more available media. The available media can be magnetic media (such as floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), optical media (such as digital video disc (DVD)) or semiconductor media (such as solid state disk (SSD)) etc.

[0244] The above descriptions are only the specific embodiments of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of the changes or replacements within the technical range disclosed by the present application, which should be covered in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A communication method characterized by comprising: Comprising: A first device determines a first resource from a first resource set, the first resource being used for an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) communication, wherein the first resource set is a resource pool, a bandwidth part (BWP) used for the A-IoT communication, or a carrier frequency segment.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The first resource set satisfies one or more of the following in a frequency domain: The first resource set has a frequency domain granularity of K physical resource blocks (PRBs), K being a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. The resources in the first resource set are continuous or discontinuous in the frequency domain.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first resource set satisfies one of the following in a time domain: A time domain granularity of the first resource set is greater than or equal to a first threshold, the first threshold being determined based on pre-configuration information, configuration information of a network device, or protocol pre-defined information. A time domain granularity of the first resource set is greater than or equal to a first time length, the first time length being a maximum time length of a continuous transmission in the A-IoT communication. A time domain granularity of the first resource set is greater than or equal to a second time length, the second time length being a time length corresponding to an inventory procedure.

4. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The first resource set has a time domain granularity of N consecutive time slots or M consecutive symbols, N and M being positive integers greater than or equal to 1; or The first resource set includes all time slots in the time domain.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The resources in the first resource set are allocated by a network device.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The first resource is autonomously selected by the first device from the first resource set.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein: The first device autonomously selects the resource from the first resource set when the first device is in one or more of the following states or times: a radio link failure (RLF); a first time, the first time being a time between receiving a handover command from the first device and a successful handover of the first device; a radio resource control (RRC) idle state; the first device is in a state of not obtaining or having released a first grant for the first device to perform the A-IoT communication.

8. The method of claim 6 or 7, wherein: The first resource belongs to a first group of resources selected by the first device, the first group of resources including a transmission resource and a reception resource in the A-IoT communication; or The first device only selects a transmission resource in the A-IoT communication; or The first device only selects a reception resource in the A-IoT communication.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein, The transmission resource and the reception resource in the first group of resources have an association relationship.

10. The method of any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein: The first resource is randomly selected by the first device from the first resource set; or The first resource is selected by the first device according to a listening result.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein, The listening result is determined based on a listening process, a listening time length corresponding to the listening process being determined based on a time interval between adjacent messages in the A-IoT communication.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein, The listening time length is determined based on one or more of the following: a first time interval, used to indicate a maximum time interval between the first device converting from sending the first type of message to receiving the second type of message; a second time interval, used to indicate a maximum time interval between the first device converting from receiving the second type of message to sending the first type of message; wherein the first type of message is a message sent by a reader to an A-IoT device, and the second type of message is a message sent by the A-IoT device to the reader.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein, The listening duration is greater than or equal to a maximum value of the first time interval and the second time interval.

14. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 13, characterized in that, The first device is further configured with a second set of resources, resources in the second set of resources being allocated only by a network device.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein, The first set of resources and the second set of resources satisfy one of the following: The first set of resources and the second set of resources are located within a same BWP. The first set of resources and the second set of resources are located within different BWPs. The first set of resources and the second set of resources are located within different frequency bands.

16. The method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that The first set of resources is located within a guard frequency band, and the second set of resources is located within an uplink frequency band or a downlink frequency band.

17. The method of any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein, When performing A-IoT transmission based on resources within the first set of resources, a transmission timing of the first device is determined based on a downlink timing of the first device.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein, The transmission timing of the first device is determined based on the downlink timing of the first device, including: if the first device is in a first state, the transmission timing of the first device is determined based on the downlink timing of the first device.

19. The method of claim 17 or 18, wherein: if the first state is an RLF state, the transmission timing of the first device is determined based on a synchronization signal block (SSB) transmitted by a serving cell; and / or if the first state is a cell handover (HO) state, the transmission timing of the first device is determined based on a SSB transmitted by a source cell or a SSB transmitted by a target cell.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein: if the first set of resources is configured by the source cell, the transmission timing of the first device is determined based on the SSB transmitted by the source cell; and / or if the first set of resources is configured by the target cell, the transmission timing of the first device is determined based on the SSB transmitted by the target cell.

21. The method of any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein, The first set of resources is located in an uplink frequency band, a downlink frequency band, a guard frequency band, or a dedicated frequency band for the A-IoT communication.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein, If the first device is in a first state, the first set of resources is located in the guard frequency band.

23. The method of claim 18 or 22, wherein, The first state includes an RLF state, a cell handover (HO) state, or an RRC idle state.

24. The method of any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein, The first set of resources belongs to a first BWP.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein, The first BWP is located in an uplink frequency band, a downlink frequency band, a guard frequency band, or a dedicated frequency band for the A-IoT communication.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein, The first BWP is located in an active uplink BWP or an active downlink BWP of the first device.

27. The method of any one of claims 24-26, wherein, The first BWP is a BWP dedicated for the A-IoT communication.

28. The method of any one of claims 24-27, wherein, The first BWP is used for both transmitting and receiving A-IoT signals by the first device.

29. The method of any one of claims 24-28, wherein: the first BWP is located in a guard band, and a bandwidth of the first BWP is smaller than a bandwidth of the guard band; or, the first BWP is located in a dedicated frequency band for the A-IoT communication, and a bandwidth of the first BWP is smaller than or equal to a bandwidth of the dedicated frequency band. The first resource is determined based on a configured grant or a dynamic grant of a network device. The first device is an intermediate node or a carrier node in the A-IoT communication.

30. The method of claim 1, wherein, The first device is a terminal device or a reader.

31. The method of any one of claims 1 to 30, wherein, The resources in the first resource set comprise one or more of:

32. The method of any one of claims 1 to 31, wherein, resources for the reader to send an A-IoT signal to an A-IoT device; 33. The method of any one of claims 1 to 32, wherein, resources for the A-IoT device to send an A-IoT signal to the reader; resources for the carrier node to send a carrier signal for backscattering communication; resources for the A-IoT device to actively send an A-IoT signal. The second resource set is a resource pool. The communication device is the first device, and the communication device comprises:

34. The method of any one of claims 14-16, wherein, a determining module configured to determine a first resource from a first resource set, the first resource being used for an environmental Internet of Things (A-IoT) communication, wherein the first resource set is a resource pool, a bandwidth part (BWP) for the A-IoT communication, or a carrier frequency band.

35. A communications device, characterized by The first resource set satisfies one or more of the following in a frequency domain: The first resource set has a frequency domain granularity of K physical resource blocks (PRBs), K being a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

36. The communication device of claim 35, wherein, The resources in the first resource set are continuous or discontinuous in the frequency domain. The first resource set satisfies one of the following in a time domain: A time domain granularity of the first resource set is greater than or equal to a first threshold, the first threshold being determined based on preconfigured information, configuration information of a network device, or protocol predefined information.

37. The communication device of claim 35 or 36, wherein, A time domain granularity of the first resource set is greater than or equal to a first time length, the first time length being a maximum time length of one continuous transmission in the A-IoT communication. A time domain granularity of the first resource set is greater than or equal to a second time length, the second time length being a time length corresponding to one inventory process.

38. The communication device of any one of claims 35-37, wherein: The first resource set has a time domain granularity of N consecutive time slots or M consecutive symbols, N and M being positive integers greater than or equal to 1; or, The first resource set comprises all time slots in a time domain. The resources in the first resource set are allocated by a network device. The first resource is autonomously selected by the first device from the first resource set.

39. The communication device of any one of claims 35 to 38, wherein, The first device autonomously selects the resource from the first resource set when the first device is in one or more of the following states or times:

40. The communication device of any one of claims 35 to 38, wherein, a radio link failure (RLF); 41. The communication device of claim 40, wherein: a first time, the first time being a time between receiving a handover command from the first device and a successful handover of the first device; a radio resource control (RRC) idle state; and / or a radio resource control (RRC) connected state. ​ The first device is in a state of not acquiring or releasing a first grant, and the first grant is used for the first device to perform A-IoT communication.

42. The communication device of claim 40 or 41, wherein: The first resource belongs to a first group of resources selected by the first device, and the first group of resources includes a sending resource and a receiving resource in the A-IoT communication; or, The first device only selects a sending resource in the A-IoT communication; or, The first device only selects a receiving resource in the A-IoT communication.

43. The communication device of claim 42, wherein, The sending resource and the receiving resource in the first group of resources have an association relationship.

44. The communication device of any one of claims 40 to 43, wherein: The first resource is randomly selected by the first device from the first set of resources; or, The first resource is selected by the first device according to a listening result.

45. The communication device of claim 44, wherein, The listening result is determined based on a listening process, and a listening duration corresponding to the listening process is determined based on a time interval between adjacent messages in the A-IoT communication.

46. The communication device of claim 45, wherein, The listening duration is determined based on one or more of the following: A first time interval indicating a maximum time interval between the first device switching from sending a first type of message to receiving a second type of message; A second time interval indicating a maximum time interval between the first device switching from receiving the second type of message to sending the first type of message; Wherein, the first type of message is a message sent by a reader to an A-IoT device, and the second type of message is a message sent by an A-IoT device to a reader.

47. The communication device of claim 46, wherein, The listening duration is greater than or equal to the maximum of the first time interval and the second time interval.

48. The communication device according to any one of claims 40 to 47, wherein, The first device is further configured with a second set of resources, and the resources in the second set of resources are only allocated by a network device.

49. The communication device of claim 48, wherein, The first set of resources and the second set of resources satisfy one of the following: The first set of resources and the second set of resources are located within the same BWP; The first set of resources and the second set of resources are located within different BWPs; The first set of resources and the second set of resources are located within different frequency bands.

50. The communication device of claim 48 or 49, wherein, The first set of resources is located within a guard frequency band, and the second set of resources is located within an uplink frequency band or a downlink frequency band.

51. The communication device of any one of claims 35 to 50, wherein, When performing A-IoT transmission based on the resources within the first set of resources, the transmission timing of the first device is determined based on the downlink timing of the first device.

52. The communication device of claim 51, wherein, The transmission timing of the first device is determined based on the downlink timing of the first device, including: if the first device is in a first state, the transmission timing of the first device is determined based on the downlink timing of the first device.

53. The communication device of claim 51 or 52, wherein: If the first state is an RLF state, the transmission timing of the first device is determined based on a synchronization signal block (SSB) sent by a serving cell; and / or, If the first state is a cell switching state, the transmission timing of the first device is determined based on an SSB sent by a source cell or an SSB sent by a target cell. 54.The communication device of claim 53, wherein: if the first set of resources is configured by the source cell, the transmission timing of the first device is determined based on a SSB transmitted by the source cell; and / or, if the first set of resources is configured by the target cell, the transmission timing of the first device is determined based on a SSB transmitted by the target cell.

55. The communication device of any one of claims 35 to 54, wherein, The first set of resources is located in an uplink frequency band, a downlink frequency band, a guard frequency band, or a dedicated frequency band for the A-IoT communication.

56. The communication device of claim 55, wherein, The first set of resources is located in the guard frequency band if the first device is in a first state.

57. The communication device of claim 52 or 56, wherein, The first state comprises an RLF state, a cell handover (HO) state, or an RRC idle state.

58. The communication device of any one of claims 35 to 57, wherein, The first set of resources belongs to a first BWP.

59. The communication device of claim 58, wherein, The first BWP is located in an uplink frequency band, a downlink frequency band, a guard frequency band, or a dedicated frequency band for the A-IoT communication.

60. The communication device of claim 59, wherein, The first BWP is located in an active uplink BWP or an active downlink BWP of the first device.

61. The communication device of any one of claims 58-60, wherein, The first BWP is a BWP dedicated for the A-IoT communication.

62. The communication device of any one of claims 58-61, wherein, The first BWP is used for both transmission and reception of A-IoT signals by the first device. 63.The communication device of any of claims 58-62, wherein: The first BWP is located in a guard frequency band, and a bandwidth of the first BWP is smaller than a bandwidth of the guard frequency band; or, The first BWP is located in a dedicated frequency band for the A-IoT communication, and a bandwidth of the first BWP is smaller than or equal to a bandwidth of the dedicated frequency band.

64. The communications device of claim 35, wherein The first resource is determined based on a configured grant or a dynamic grant of a network device.

65. The communication device of any one of claims 35 to 64, wherein, The first device is an intermediate node or a carrier node in the A-IoT communication.

66. The communication device of any one of claims 35 to 65, wherein, The first device is a terminal device or a reader.

67. The communication device of any one of claims 35 to 66, wherein, The resources in the first set of resources comprise one or more of: resources for the reader to transmit A-IoT signals to an A-IoT device; resources for the A-IoT device to transmit A-IoT signals to the reader; resources for the carrier node to transmit a carrier signal for backscattering communication; resources for the A-IoT device to actively transmit A-IoT signals.

68. The communication device of any one of claims 48-50, wherein, The second set of resources is a resource pool.

69. A communications device, characterized by A chip comprising a transceiver, a memory, and a processor, wherein the memory is configured to store a program, the processor is configured to invoke the program in the memory, and the transceiver is configured to receive or transmit signals, so that the communication device performs the method in any of claims 1-34.

70. An apparatus comprising: A chip comprising a processor configured to invoke a program in a memory, so that the apparatus performs the method in any of claims 1-34.

71. A chip, comprising: A chip comprising a processor configured to invoke a program in a memory, so that the apparatus performs the method in any of claims 1-34.

72. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising: A computer program stored on a computer readable medium, wherein the program causes a computer to perform the method in any of claims 1-34.

73. A computer program product, characterized in that, A computer program product comprising a program, wherein the program causes a computer to perform the method in any of claims 1-34.

74. A computer program characterised in that, The computer program causes a computer to perform the method in any of claims 1-34.

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