Auxiliary planting technique and system thereof

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention are an auxiliary planting method and a system thereof, which aim at solving the technical problems of low survival rate, poor stability and non-standardized operation of planting in existing phytoremediation. A core method of the present invention comprises: a) preparing a plant propagule, wherein the propagule is a seed or a seedling; and b) deploying a structure, involving: deploying, in a region to be remediated, at least one auxiliary planting structure made of a biodegradable material, wherein the auxiliary planting structure is provided with at least one planting hole which can accommodate the propagule therein, and fixing the auxiliary planting structure to said region by using an anchor. The structure can provide physical support, water flow buffering, microenvironment improvement and biological protection for the propagule in the early stage of planting, and then degrades naturally. Further disclosed in the present invention is a system for implementing the method, which system comprises the auxiliary planting structure and the anchor. By means of the present invention, the standardization and engineering of phytoremediation operations for mangroves and salt marshes can be achieved, thereby enhancing the adaptability to complex environments. Moreover, the present invention is ecologically friendly, and has significant ecological and economic benefits.

Description

An assisted planting technology and system thereof TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of marine ecological restoration, in particular to an assisted planting technology for improving the survival rate of artificially planted mangrove or salt marsh plants, an assisted planting structure used thereby and a systematic planting method formed thereby. The present application can be widely applied in coastal ecosystem restoration, blue carbon sink enhancement, coastal shelter forest construction and coastal wetland biodiversity protection engineering practices. BACKGROUND

[0002] (I) Industry status and ecological value: Mangrove is an extremely precious and unique ecosystem on earth, mainly distributed in the intertidal zone of tropical and subtropical coasts, composed of a group of specialized woody plant communities. They not only serve as "coastal guards" against natural disasters such as storm surges, tsunamis and coastal erosion, but also serve as "gene treasure house" to maintain nearshore biodiversity, "natural filter" to purify land-based pollutants, and "blue carbon bank" with extremely high carbon sequestration efficiency. According to research reports by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and other agencies, the unit area carbon sequestration capacity of mangrove ecosystems is several times that of terrestrial forests, and they play an indispensable role in global carbon cycle and climate change strategy. However, due to the dual pressures of human activities (such as reclamation for aquaculture, urban expansion, pollution discharge) and global climate change (such as sea level rise), the global mangrove area has been rapidly decreasing in the past few decades. Under this severe background, scientific, efficient and sustainable mangrove ecological restoration has become a core issue in global marine ecological protection and climate change response strategies. Governments and international organizations have invested heavily in mangrove restoration projects, and their success or failure is highly dependent on scientific, standardized and refined planting techniques.

[0003] (II) Pain points and technical problems of existing technology: Although mangrove and salt marsh plant restoration work has been carried out for many years, the existing technology still faces great challenges, resulting in the widespread "high investment, low survival rate" dilemma in restoration practice. Many projects have fallen into a vicious cycle of "one-year growth, two-year death, three-year death and complete loss" due to the lack of deep understanding of the complex intertidal environment and matching technical means, resulting in huge economic losses and missed ecological restoration opportunities. The root cause lies in the fact that traditional planting methods generally have the following core technical problems that have not been effectively solved:

[0004] Environmental factors: This is the main reason for the initial failure of mangrove and salt marsh restoration. Intertidal zone is a high-energy environment, experiencing two tidal fluctuations a day and often being impacted by wind and waves. Traditional planting methods, such as direct sowing of propagules (hypocotyls or seeds) or simple bare-root seedling planting, expose young planting bodies directly to this harsh environment. Specifically, 1) strong water power scouring: the water flow formed by tidal reciprocation, especially in tidal flow channels or windward shorelines, has a flow rate sufficient to uproot or directly wash away hypocotyls or seedlings that have just been planted and have not yet rooted, resulting in a large loss of planting bodies. 2) Unstable substrate: the mud or sand mud substrate suitable for mangrove and salt marsh plants is soft and has low bearing capacity. The root system of the seedlings planted by traditional methods has weak bonding force with the substrate, and under the repeated shaking action of waves, the seedlings are prone to fall over and are difficult to recover after falling over, eventually leading to death.

[0005] 2. Biological factors: The rich biological community in the intertidal zone brings vitality to the ecosystem, but also poses a threat to the fragile mangrove and salt marsh seedlings. This includes: 1) biological grazing: bottom-dwelling organisms represented by large crabs (such as Scylla serrata) will graze on the tender stems or hypocotyls of mangrove seedlings, and also eat the tender stems and leaves of salt marsh plants, causing plant damage or even death. Traditional planting methods lack initial physical protection for seedlings, leaving them completely exposed to the threat of these herbivorous animals. 2) Biological disturbance: the activities of some burrowing organisms (such as Scylla serrata and Peristedion orientale) can disturb the bottom mud around the seedling roots, affecting root fixation and growth, and also interfering with the establishment and spread of salt marsh plant rhizomes, thereby affecting the stable establishment of the community.

[0006] The existing technology relies heavily on the personal experience of construction personnel and lacks a standardized operating procedure and quantifiable technical parameters. For example, the depth, density, and matching of species and tidal level of planting are often determined by feel, leading to unstable restoration results and making it difficult to replicate and promote in different areas. This "workshop" mode of operation cannot systematically address the complexity and variability of the intertidal environment, which is one of the fundamental reasons for the low success rate of restoration projects.

[0007] Therefore, the existing mangrove and salt marsh planting technology has obvious defects in dealing with the complex physical and biological environmental stress of the intertidal zone, especially in providing stability and protection for planting bodies during the initial planting period. Therefore, there is an urgent need in the art for a standardized engineering technology that can systematically solve the above-mentioned survival problems during the initial planting period, by providing temporary but effective physical support and micro-environmental improvement, and transforming the extensive operation relying on experience into a quantifiable, replicable, and high-survival-rate standardized engineering technology to meet the urgent needs of large-scale and high-quality mangrove and salt marsh ecological restoration. Technical problem

[0008] The present application aims to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, and provides an assisted planting technology and system, which aims to systematically solve the technical problems of the existing mangrove and salt marsh plant restoration technology, such as the difficulty of planting body planting, the low survival rate, the poor stability caused by water power scouring, unstable bottom, biological stress and the like, and the uncontrollable restoration effect caused by the lack of standardization of the operation process. Technical solution

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides a systematized method for assisted planting, the core of which is that in the process of planting plants, one or more groups of specially designed "auxiliary planting structures" made of biodegradable materials are used to provide a temporary and multifunctional "protective cradle" for the propagules (seeds or seedlings) of mangrove and salt marsh plants in the early stage of planting (usually 12-36 months).

[0010] The "auxiliary planting structure" is designed to achieve the following four key functions to overcome the core problems mentioned in the background art:

[0011] Stable support and anchoring function: through the physical form (such as plate, grid or three-dimensional structure) of the structure itself and the matching anchoring system (such as anchoring nails), the planting body is firmly fixed at the predetermined position of the beach, effectively resisting the physical impact force of tides and waves, and fundamentally solving the problems of being washed away or lodging of the planting body.

[0012] Water flow buffering function: the structure itself and its array layout on the beach can form a water power buffer zone around it, effectively reducing the near-bottom water flow speed, creating a relatively stable micro-hydrological environment for the planting body, and reducing the scouring of water flow on the root mud.

[0013] Micro-environment improvement function: the structure can intercept suspended silt in the water flow, promote its moderate accumulation around the structure, thereby helping to stabilize the bottom and raise the beach surface. At the same time, the holes of the structure can be used as carriers for improved substrates (such as added organic fertilizer, nutrient soil), creating a micro-environment with more nutrients and better physical properties for the early development of root systems.

[0014] Initial biological protection function: the structure physically forms a barrier that can block or interfere with the activities of large crabs and other herbivorous or disturbing organisms to some extent, reducing the risk of seedlings being eaten or roots being damaged.

[0015] The "auxiliary planting method" provided by the present application is characterized by comprising the following main steps:

[0016] Step 1: Preparation of planting body and environmental assessment. According to the environmental conditions (tide level, salinity, substrate, hydrodynamic force) of the restoration area, suitable mangrove and salt marsh plant species are selected, and qualified propagules (such as embryonic hypocotyls, seeds) are selected and treated, or container seedlings that meet specific specifications are cultivated in a nursery.

[0017] Step 2: Deployment of auxiliary planting structure. In the target beach (preferably in the middle to high tide zone) that has been flattened, deploy the auxiliary planting structure made of biodegradable material according to the predetermined planting density and arrangement, and fix it using anchors.

[0018] Plant the prepared planting body in step 1 into the pre-designed hollow holes or cells of the auxiliary planting structure through specific sowing or transplanting methods, so that the planting body and the structure form a stable protection unit. After the root system of the planting body grows and develops, and has the ability to fix independently (usually 12-36 months), the auxiliary planting structure gradually decomposes due to its biodegradable properties, and integrates into the environment without causing secondary pollution, achieving a smooth transition from artificial assistance to natural growth.

[0019] The present application provides an auxiliary planting method, comprising the following steps:

[0020] a) Preparation of plant planting body: the planting body is a seed, seedling or hypocotyl;

[0021] b) Deployment of structure: deploying at least one auxiliary planting structure in the area to be restored, the auxiliary planting structure having at least one planting hole, and fixing the auxiliary planting structure to the area to be restored using anchors;

[0022] Wherein, the auxiliary planting structure maintains structural integrity within a predetermined time period after the planting body is planted to provide the functions of physical support, buffering water flow, improving microenvironment and / or biological protection.

[0023] Preferably, the planting hole of the auxiliary planting structure can accommodate the planting body.

[0024] Preferably, the auxiliary planting structure can be deployed in an above-ground deployment manner and / or an above-ground and below-ground combined deployment manner; wherein the above-ground deployment manner of deploying the auxiliary planting structure refers to placing a single layer or multiple layers of auxiliary planting structure on the surface of the planting substrate, and then anchoring the auxiliary planting structure, wherein the multiple layers of auxiliary planting structure need to be stacked; the above-ground and below-ground combined deployment manner of deploying the structure refers to that the multiple layers of auxiliary planting structure are divided into an above-ground part and a below-ground part; the below-ground part includes a single layer or multiple layers of auxiliary planting structure that need to be buried in the planting substrate, and the multiple layers of auxiliary planting structure need to be stacked; the above-ground part includes a single layer or multiple layers of auxiliary planting structure that need to be placed on the surface of the planting substrate, and the auxiliary planting structure is anchored, and the multiple layers of auxiliary planting structure need to be stacked.

[0025] Preferably, when the auxiliary planting structure is deployed by the aboveground arrangement, after the seeds are sown on the surface layer of the planting medium in the planting area, a certain thickness of the planting medium is covered thereon, a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure is further arranged above the ground in the planting area, and is anchored by the fixing device; or, the seedlings are planted in the planting medium, after the seedlings are passed through the planting holes of the single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure arranged above the ground in the planting area, the seedlings are anchored by the fixing device.

[0026] Preferably, when the auxiliary planting structure is deployed by the aboveground and underground combined arrangement, after the seeds are planted in the planting holes of the underground auxiliary planting structure in the planting area, a certain thickness of the planting medium is covered thereon, and a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure is further arranged above the ground; or, the aboveground and underground parts of the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure have a center transplanting hole, the seedlings are planted in the center transplanting hole of the underground auxiliary planting structure, and then the aboveground part is covered.

[0027] Preferably, the auxiliary planting structure has a center transplanting hole capable of accommodating the planting body.

[0028] Preferably, the auxiliary planting structure is a three-dimensional member arranged in an array and connected to each other, the bottom of the three-dimensional member is provided with an inner groove extending to the top thereof, and the periphery of the three-dimensional member is provided with a hollow hole in communication with the inner groove.

[0029] Preferably, the top of the three-dimensional member is provided with a top connecting piece, and / or the bottom of the three-dimensional member is provided with a bottom connecting piece capable of being detachably connected to the top connecting piece, and a multi-layer auxiliary planting structure is fixedly connected by the connecting pieces.

[0030] Preferably, the top connecting piece and the bottom connecting piece are female buckles or male buckles, respectively.

[0031] Preferably, the three-dimensional member is a polygonal single-body structure, the polygonal single-body structure comprises inclined support legs extending downward along the periphery of the top, and the adjacent two inclined support legs form the hollow hole.

[0032] Preferably, the three-dimensional member is a semicircular single-body structure, the semicircular single-body structure comprises a plurality of arc support legs extending downward along the periphery of the top, and the adjacent two arc support legs form the hollow hole.

[0033] Preferably, the top of the three-dimensional member is provided with a top connecting piece, and / or the bottom of the three-dimensional member is provided with a bottom connecting piece capable of being detachably connected to the top connecting piece.

[0034] Preferably, the semicircular monomer structure forms a wave shape and / or semicircular profile between any two arc support legs.

[0035] Preferably, the top connector and the bottom connector are a female buckle or a male buckle, respectively.

[0036] Preferably, when the top connector is a male buckle and / or the bottom connector is a female buckle, the top of the diagonal support leg or arc support leg is connected with the male buckle, and the bottom of the diagonal support leg or arc support leg is provided with the female buckle; when the top connector is a female buckle and / or the bottom connector is a male buckle, the top of the diagonal support leg or arc support leg is connected with the female buckle, and the male buckle is arranged on the diagonal support leg or arc support leg connecting adjacent two monomer structures.

[0037] Preferably, the bottom connectors of adjacent two diagonal support legs or arc support legs of the three-dimensional structure are connected by a connecting rod.

[0038] Preferably, the splicing is achieved by a female buckle and a male buckle, and the splicing includes up-down, left-right and / or annular splicing.

[0039] Preferably, the auxiliary planting structure is a degradable bio-based material component.

[0040] Preferably, the biodegradable material is a combination of one or more of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), modified starch, lignin, cellulose, chitin, wood-plastic, bamboo, wood powder or straw.

[0041] Preferably, when the three-dimensional structure is a polygonal monomer structure, any two diagonal support legs and the top connector of the three-dimensional structure form an approximately trapezoidal and / or triangular external profile.

[0042] Preferably, the planting body is a mangrove seed, seedling or hypocotyl.

[0043] Preferably, the planting method of the mangrove seed, seedling or hypocotyl includes at least one of sowing, hypocotyl transplanting and seedling transplanting.

[0044] Preferably, the planting body is a seed or seedling of a salt marsh plant.

[0045] Preferably, the planting method of the seed or seedling of the salt marsh plant includes at least one of sowing and seedling transplanting.

[0046] The application also claims an auxiliary planting system, comprising: a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure, the auxiliary planting structure having at least one planting hole for accommodating a planting body; and at least one anchor for fixing the auxiliary planting structure in a planting substrate. Beneficial effects

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following significant beneficial effects by introducing an auxiliary planting structure and constructing a systematic planting method:

[0048] Significantly improve the survival rate of planting: by providing effective physical protection and micro-environment improvement, the present application fundamentally solves the key physical and biological stress factors that cause planting failure, and can greatly improve the success rate of mangrove and salt marsh plant restoration projects.

[0049] Standardization and engineering of planting operations: the present application quantifies and standardizes key links in the planting process (such as structure parameters, planting body specifications, operation procedures), forming a replicable and generalizable engineering technology system, which eliminates excessive dependence on personal experience, making large-scale and high-quality mangrove and salt marsh plant restoration possible.

[0050] Enhance adaptability to complex environments: by adaptively designing the structure form (such as the number of layers, the bottom area) and deployment of the auxiliary planting structure, the method can flexibly cope with different hydrodynamic intensity and bottom conditions (such as strong wind and wave area, soft and flowing mud beach), and has wider applicability.

[0051] Ecologically friendly and sustainable: the auxiliary planting structure is made of biodegradable materials, which can naturally decompose into harmless substances such as carbon dioxide and water after completing its phased protection mission, without secondary pollution to the marine environment, fully complying with the sustainable development principle of ecological restoration.

[0052] Shorten the ecological restoration period and improve the comprehensive benefits: higher survival rate means that the stand can close faster, thus faster to play its ecological functions such as wave protection, carbon sequestration and storage, and maintenance of biodiversity. This not only shortens the period of ecological restoration, but also significantly improves the investment return rate and comprehensive ecological and economic benefits of the restoration project.

[0053] Comparison of key performance indicators between the auxiliary planting technology of the present application and the traditional planting method. The data is based on the comprehensive evaluation of multiple restoration technology reports and the expected effects of the present application, showing the overwhelming advantages of the new method in survival rate, erosion resistance and standardization of operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0054] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings, in which:

[0055] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary planting structure (hexagonal single body structure) in the embodiment.

[0056] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary planting structure (hexagonal single body structure) in the embodiment.

[0057] Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure (hexagonal monomer structure) in an embodiment.

[0058] Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a double-layer auxiliary planting structure (hexagonal monomer structure) in an embodiment.

[0059] Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an auxiliary planting structure (hexagonal monomer structure) containing a transplanting hole 8 in an embodiment.

[0060] Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an auxiliary planting structure (semicircular monomer structure) in an embodiment.

[0061] Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an auxiliary planting structure (semicircular monomer structure) in an embodiment.

[0062] Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure (semicircular monomer structure) in an embodiment.

[0063] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a double-layer auxiliary planting structure (semicircular monomer structure) in an embodiment.

[0064] Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of an auxiliary planting structure (semicircular monomer structure) containing a transplanting hole 8 in an embodiment.

[0065] Legend: 1, three-dimensional structure; 2, female buckle; 3, male buckle; 4, hollow hole; 5, inclined support leg; 6, arc support leg; 7, connecting rod; 8, transplanting hole. Embodiments of the present application

[0066] The technical solutions of the present application will be described in more detail and completely below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments herein are only used to explain the present application and do not constitute any form of limitation on the protection scope of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made in accordance with the core idea of the present application shall be included within the protection scope of the present application. This patent is supported by the National Key R&D Plan Key Project “Ecological Utilization and Shallow Habitat Construction Technology and Demonstration of Yangtze Estuary Deepwater Channel Dredged Soil (2023YFC3208500)”.

[0067] Embodiment one: specific description of the auxiliary planting structure

[0068] The core component of the present application is the auxiliary planting structure. In a preferred embodiment, referring to Figs. 1-10, the structure is a structure body with a preset thickness and at least one planting hole arranged by a plurality of three-dimensional structures.

[0069] The embodiment provides an auxiliary planting structure, as shown in Figures 1-10, which is mainly composed of three-dimensional components 1 arranged in an array and connected to each other. The bottom of each single three-dimensional component 1 is provided with an inner groove extending from the bottom to the top of the three-dimensional component 1. The three-dimensional component 1 is provided with a hollow hole 4 around the body, which is in communication with the inner groove. The auxiliary planting structure is mainly used for mangrove restoration, and can also be used for auxiliary planting of plants in other areas. Before use, a plurality of auxiliary planting structures can be stacked together during transportation, and then disassembled and assembled at the restoration site to effectively prevent damage to the auxiliary planting structure during transportation. During use, the auxiliary planting structure can be combined differently according to the actual situation and restoration target of the area size, hydrodynamic force, etc. of the mangrove and salt marsh plant restoration area, such as single-layer use, single-layer auxiliary planting structure including a single auxiliary planting structure or multiple auxiliary planting structures in a row, multi-layer combination use, placing and anchoring the single-layer auxiliary planting structure on the sediment layer of the mangrove restoration area, and stacking and connecting the single-layer auxiliary planting structures together by buckling for multi-layer use. Each layer of auxiliary planting structure includes a single auxiliary planting structure or multiple auxiliary planting structures in a row, and the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure can be placed and anchored above the sediment layer surface of the mangrove and salt marsh plant restoration area, or partially buried underground and partially exposed above ground, and then anchored in the sediment of the mangrove and salt marsh plant restoration area with environmentally friendly materials such as bamboo poles. The above-ground part can effectively slow down the water flow speed of the mangrove and salt marsh plant restoration area, reduce the scouring force of the water flow, and reduce the gnawing of stems and leaves by benthic animals; the underground part can strengthen the stability of the soil foundation, avoid erosion of the sediment caused by excessive water flow, and prevent benthic animals from damaging the roots, and the multi-layer heightening can strengthen the protection of the plant stems and leaves. During planting, seeds and seedlings are planted, and the seeds are sown in the planting substrate in the hollow hole 4 of the auxiliary planting structure. If it is a seedling, the upper part of the three-dimensional component 1 of the auxiliary planting structure is removed according to the needs, such as cutting off with scissors or other tools, to make a transplanting hole 8 on the auxiliary planting structure, and then transplanting the seedling at the transplanting hole 8. Generally, the diameter of the transplanting hole 8 is recommended to be 10-15 cm, and the actual use can adjust the size according to the needs, but should not exceed 20 cm.

[0070] The auxiliary planting structure is based on the principle of bionics, simulates the characteristics of an aggregated plant population, and is designed and manufactured. The auxiliary planting structure can be buried in the sediment to stabilize the soil foundation and prevent benthic animals from damaging the root system. The auxiliary planting structure can be fixed above the surface of the sediment to slow down the flow and promote siltation, promote the early planting of mangrove and salt marsh plant seedlings, reduce the grazing of seedling stems and leaves by benthic animals, and improve the survival rate. The above-ground and below-ground layout scheme of the auxiliary planting structure can be selected according to actual needs. The auxiliary planting structure focuses on helping mangrove and salt marsh plants to achieve early planting. The auxiliary planting structure is laid on the tidal flat, which can slow down the flow, promote siltation, facilitate planting, and reduce predation by animals. If the water power in the area is moderate, it is recommended to only fix the auxiliary planting structure above the ground to slow down the flow, promote siltation, and promote the early planting of mangrove and salt marsh plant seedlings. If the water power in the area is strong and the sediment is easily eroded, it is recommended to arrange the structure above and below the ground. If the predation pressure of benthic animals in the area is large, it is recommended to arrange the structure above and below the ground to prevent benthic animals from grazing the stems and leaves of mangrove and salt marsh plant seedlings and damaging the root system.

[0071] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-10, the top of the three-dimensional structure 1 is provided with a top connecting piece, and the bottom of the three-dimensional structure 1 is provided with a bottom connecting piece. The bottom connecting piece and the top connecting piece can be detachably connected to facilitate multi-layer assembly connection of multiple auxiliary planting structures. The detachable connection mode of the bottom connecting piece and the top connecting piece can adopt a buckle connection mode, such as a fixedly arranged slot of the top connecting piece and a plug of the bottom connecting piece. Alternatively, the detachable connection mode of the bottom connecting piece and the top connecting piece can adopt a lock buckle connection mode, such as a female buckle 2 of the top connecting piece and a male buckle 3 of the bottom connecting piece.

[0072] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-10, the auxiliary planting structure can be fixed on the tidal flat by using suitable size bamboo poles and other environmentally friendly materials.

[0073] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-10, the top connecting piece and the bottom connecting piece are a female buckle 2 and a male buckle 3, respectively. That is, the top connecting piece is a female buckle 2, and the bottom connecting piece is a male buckle 3. Alternatively, the top connecting piece is a male buckle 3, and the bottom connecting piece is a female buckle 2. Through the snap connection mode of the female buckle 2 and the male buckle 3, the connection and assembly of the upper and lower multi-layer auxiliary planting structures can be quickly realized.

[0074] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-10, the top connecting member is a female buckle 2, and the bottom connecting member is a male buckle 3. The three-dimensional component 1 is a hexagonal monomer structure, which includes a plurality of diagonal support legs 5. The diagonal support legs 5 are arranged along the circumference of the female buckle 2, and the curved portion of the diagonal support leg 5 is outwardly arranged. The top of the diagonal support leg 5 is connected to the female buckle 2, and the bottom of each diagonal support leg 5 is provided with a male buckle 3. Adjacent two male buckles 3 are connected by a connecting rod 7. The plurality of diagonal support legs 5 form a hollow hole 4, and all the diagonal support legs 5 surround an inner groove. As shown in FIGS. 1-10, in the hexagonal monomer structure, any two diagonal support legs and the top connecting member can form a substantially trapezoidal or triangular external profile.

[0075] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-10, the top connecting member is a female buckle 2, and the bottom connecting member is a male buckle 3. The three-dimensional component 1 is a hexagonal monomer structure, which includes a plurality of diagonal support legs 5. The diagonal support legs 5 are arranged along the circumference of the female buckle 2, and the curved portion of the diagonal support leg 5 is outwardly arranged. The top of the diagonal support leg 5 is connected to the female buckle 2, and the bottom of each diagonal support leg 5 is provided with a male buckle 3. Adjacent two male buckles 3 are connected by a connecting rod 7. The plurality of diagonal support legs 5 form a hollow hole 4, and all the diagonal support legs 5 surround an inner groove. As shown in FIGS. 1-10, in the hexagonal monomer structure, any two diagonal support legs and the top connecting member can form a substantially trapezoidal or triangular external profile.

[0076] The application only lists the case of the diagonal support leg, in which the top connecting member is a male buckle, and the bottom connecting member is a female buckle; and the case of the arc support leg, in which the top connecting member is a female buckle, and the bottom connecting member is a male buckle. In the preferred embodiment, the top connecting member of the diagonal support leg can also be a female buckle, and the bottom connecting member is a male buckle; the top connecting member of the arc support leg is a male buckle, and the bottom connecting member is a female buckle. That is, in the diagonal support leg and the arc support leg, the top can be a female buckle or a male buckle, and the bottom is a male buckle or a female buckle matched with the top.

[0077] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-10, the array arrangement is a rectangular array (i.e., the single auxiliary planting structure is in the shape of a rectangle as a whole) or a circular array (i.e., the single auxiliary planting structure is in the shape of a circle as a whole). Generally, the array arrangement adopts a rectangular array mode, which is convenient for side-by-side arrangement or stacked arrangement.

[0078] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-10, according to the results of water tank and field experiments, when the array is arranged in a rectangular array and the three-dimensional structure 1 is a hexagonal monomer structure, the water flow reduction effect is 62%. When the array is arranged in a rectangular array and the three-dimensional structure 1 is a semicircular monomer structure, the water flow reduction effect is 50%. In terms of preventing predation by animals, the hexagonal monomer structure is superior to the semicircular monomer structure. By burying the auxiliary planting structure in the sediment, the role of stabilizing the substrate can be played under a flow rate of less than 0.34 m / s, preventing the roots from being pulled out, and greatly improving the success rate of planting. For plant species with weak and small leaves, the number of layers of the aboveground structure can be appropriately increased. For plant species with spreading and wide leaves, it is recommended that the aboveground structure not exceed two layers, which is beneficial to the growth and extension of stems and leaves. When using the auxiliary seeding method, it is recommended that the number of layers of the aboveground structure not exceed three, which is beneficial to reducing the shading of the structure to light, thereby improving the emergence rate and survival rate.

[0079] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-10, the auxiliary planting structure is a degradable bio-based material structure, that is, all the materials of the auxiliary planting structure are degradable bio-based materials. The degradable bio-based materials such as polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), or polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), and polylactic acid (PLA) materials, wood-plastic, bamboo, wood powder, straw, etc. are all biodegradable, non-toxic bio-based materials. In the initial stage of mangrove restoration, the auxiliary planting structure can help the mangrove and salt marsh plants to achieve early planting and improve the survival rate. After that, the auxiliary planting structure will degrade in the natural environment and will not have any adverse effects on the environment. A small amount of mangrove and salt marsh plants that successfully plant through the auxiliary planting structure can achieve large-scale natural restoration by relying on the reproduction and restoration ability of the population itself, greatly reducing the manpower and material resources for restoration. It is a mangrove and salt marsh plant restoration technology that relies on artificial restoration as an auxiliary and natural restoration as the main method.

[0080] The size of the auxiliary planting structure can be 50 cm*50 cm*3.5 cm, and the size and height parameters can be adjusted according to actual conditions.

[0081] The planting holes of the auxiliary planting structure can be hollow holes, or holes of appropriate size can be obtained by cutting the structure according to the size of the specific plants to be planted.

[0082] Quantitative design of key structural parameters

[0083] To achieve the best assisted planting effect, the physical parameters of the structure need to be fine-tuned:  Material degradation period: This is the key technical parameter of the invention. The degradation period of the structure must match the time it takes for the seedling root system to establish independent anchoring ability. If the degradation is too fast, the seedling has not yet stabilized the roots, and the structure has failed; if the degradation is too slow, it may bind the growth of the root system at a later stage and become a potential marine garbage. After a large number of experiments and field verification, the preferred material degradation period of the invention is 12 to 36 months. During this period, the structure provides effective protection; after that, when the seedling root system has been strong enough, the structure gradually decomposes, achieving a seamless transition.

[0084] Planting holes: The size of the holes needs to be accurately matched with the specifications of the planting material. The planting holes need to be cut on site according to the size of the seedlings on site. For different planting methods, the hole diameter is designed as follows:

[0085] For seedling transplanting method, the hole diameter needs to be determined according to the specifications of the seedlings used, preferably 8 to 15 centimeters.

[0086] For red mangrove embryo axis direct insertion method, the hole diameter is preferably 3 to 5 centimeters. This size can easily accommodate the embryo axis and will not leave too much gap to cause the embryo axis to sway in the hole.

[0087] Structure thickness: The thickness of the structure itself is preferably 1 to 3 centimeters. This thickness is the best balance between ensuring that the structure has sufficient mechanical strength to resist water flow impact and avoiding excessive thickness affecting the natural penetration and expansion of the seedling root system later.

[0088] Hole density and planting density: The arrangement density of the holes on the structure directly determines the initial planting density of the mangrove forest and salt marsh plants, which is the key to determining the future structure, health status, and ecological function. The invention introduces existing relevant regulations as a scientific basis to ensure the rationality of the planting density. Several recommended initial planting row spacings for different growth stages of several main mangrove plants are listed, and the hole arrangement of the invention should follow this standard for design.

[0089] Example two: planting method based on seeding method

[0090] The seeding method of the invention discards the inefficient mode of traditional "broadcasting" and provides two highly refined and standardized planting schemes for different types of propagules of mangrove forests and salt marsh plants.

[0091] Sub-example 2.1: assisted planting structure + seed planting method

[0092] Suitable for large-area restoration scenarios with small-grain seeds.

[0093] The planting steps are as follows: according to the field environmental conditions of the area to be restored, flexible use of auxiliary structure without paving, or paving 1-2 layers of auxiliary planting structure underground, and embedding the bottom into the surface sediment of the seabed to adapt to different restoration needs; or directly filling the treated seeds into the planting holes of the auxiliary planting structure underground; light covering 1-2 cm of bottom mud; according to the on-site hydrodynamic conditions, a layer or more of above-ground structure can be selected on the top of the structure, and the special fixing nails are used to fix the structure from top to bottom to prevent displacement, preferably 1-5 layers of above-ground structure, and the center of the auxiliary planting structure can have a transplanting hole.

[0094] This method is mainly suitable for plants with seeds as the main propagule. The detailed steps are as follows:

[0095] Step A - Seed treatment: select mature, full, and undamaged seeds. Remove the excess seed coat wrapped outside before planting to facilitate seed water absorption and germination. The treated seeds must be kept moist, and dehydration is strictly prohibited.

[0096] Step B - Structure deployment and hole digging: after the auxiliary planting structure is deployed on the beach, a small hole with appropriate depth is dug in each hole of the structure.

[0097] Step C - Precise planting: place the seeds flat or according to their natural germination posture in the hole. The planting depth should be standardized to 1-1.5 times the maximum diameter of the seed. This depth can ensure that the seed is covered with bottom mud to avoid being washed away or eaten, and it will not be too deep to consume too much germination energy.

[0098] Step D - Covering: after planting, use the in-situ bottom mud for covering.

[0099] Sub-embodiment 2.2: Auxiliary planting structure + seedling transplanting method

[0100] Suitable for easy-to-cultivate varieties, single or multiple auxiliary structures can be combined according to the on-site hydrodynamic conditions. When the water power is weak, the above-ground auxiliary structure is recommended. When the water power is strong, the above-ground and underground combined auxiliary structure is recommended.

[0101] (1) Single auxiliary structure + seedling transplanting method

[0102] The planting steps are as follows: cultivate container seedlings in the nursery using degradable materials such as coconut fiber bags, non-woven fabrics, etc., with seedling height controlled at 10-30 cm, ensuring complete and moist root system for standby. Insert the container seedlings vertically into the bottom material, and press the surrounding bottom mud to stabilize the seedlings. Alternatively, insert the container seedlings into the auxiliary structure underground. Further lay 1-5 layers of auxiliary structure with a central transplanting hole on the ground, and use special fixing nails to pass through each layer of structure from top to bottom for anchoring, to improve the overall anti-displacement ability and planting effect.

[0103] (2) Multi-group auxiliary structure + seedling transplanting method

[0104] Suitable for varieties that can be artificially cultivated in a laboratory environment, and areas with strong hydrodynamic conditions.

[0105] The planting steps are as follows: select healthy seedlings in the nursery, trim some branches and leaves appropriately to reduce transpiration, and keep the soil ball around the roots wet for 10-20 cm. Embed the whole seedling with roots into the transplanting hole of the underground auxiliary structure, so that the seedling is in full contact with the sediment, and fill the sediment around the circumference to fix the position of the seedling. Further arrange 1-5 layers of planting structure composed of four groups of auxiliary structure on the ground, which has a circular transplanting hole with a width slightly larger than the soil ball, and use special fixing nails to anchor from top to bottom through each layer of structure.

[0106] The transplanting method is mainly aimed at seedlings cultivated in a nursery, and its core principle is "minimum root damage". This method has high universality and is the most widely used and highest survival rate transplanting method in current restoration practices, especially suitable for root-sensitive species such as Avicennia marina. The detailed steps are as follows:

[0107] Step A - Standardized selection of seedlings: Seedlings entering the restoration area must meet strict specifications to ensure consistency of restoration results:

[0108] Seedling height: Generally requires 20-50 cm.

[0109] Root system: Requires a developed root system with abundant fibrous roots, which has formed a complete, compact, and not easily scattered root ball in the container.

[0110] Step B - Structure deployment and planting: Deploy and fix the auxiliary planting structure on the target beach. The core technology of transplanting is to strictly prohibit the seedling from being taken out of the pot or the soil ball from being scattered, and to transplant it completely into the planting hole reserved in the auxiliary structure. This way, "zero damage" transplantation of the root system can be achieved, minimizing transplant shock.

[0111] Step C - Post-management: After planting, regular inspections must be conducted to timely remove invasive species such as Spartina alterniflora.

[0112] Sub-example 2.3: Auxiliary planting structure + embryo axis direct insertion method

[0113] Single or multiple auxiliary structures can be combined according to the on-site hydrodynamic conditions. Mangrove embryo axes can also be planted in net bags made of degradable materials. When the hydrodynamic conditions are weak, above-ground auxiliary structures are recommended. When the hydrodynamic conditions are strong, above-ground and underground combined auxiliary structures are recommended.

[0114] (1) Above-ground auxiliary structure + embryo axis transplanting method

[0115] The planting steps are as follows: a single mature Kandelia candel embryo axis is vertically inserted into the substrate, and the insertion depth is controlled between 1 / 3 and 1 / 2 of the total length of the embryo axis to ensure that it can be stably erected in the substrate. After insertion, fine sediment is filled into the hole and around it, and the embryo axis root is firmly contacted with the substrate to be stably supported and prevented from toppling. One or more layers of auxiliary structures with a central transplanting hole are further laid on the ground, and special fixing nails are used to anchor through the layers of structures from top to bottom to improve the overall anti-displacement ability and planting effect. Preferably, it can be 1-5 layers of ground structures.

[0116] (2) Aboveground and underground combined auxiliary planting structure + embryo axis transplanting method

[0117] The planting steps are as follows: a single mature Kandelia candel embryo axis is vertically inserted into the substrate, and the insertion depth is controlled between 1 / 3 and 1 / 2 of the total length of the embryo axis to ensure that it can be stably erected in the substrate. After insertion, fine sediment is filled into the hole and around it, and the embryo axis root is firmly contacted with the substrate to be stably supported and prevented from toppling. One or more layers of auxiliary structures with a central transplanting hole are further laid on the ground, and special fixing nails are used to anchor through the layers of structures from top to bottom to improve the overall anti-displacement ability and planting effect. Preferably, it can be 1-5 layers of ground structures.

[0118] This method is specially designed for species with viviparous embryo axes, such as Kandelia candel, Suriana maritima, Rhizophora stylosa, and Bruguiera gymnorhiza. The detailed steps are as follows:

[0119] Step A - Embryo axis selection and treatment: Establishing strict screening standards is the first step to success. Mature embryo axes with a length of 8-25 cm and a middle diameter of 0.8-1.2 cm should be selected. Morphologically, they should be full, straight, normal in color, free of any disease or pest spots or physical damage, and the apical bud (growth point) must be intact. After collection, the embryo axes must be immediately wrapped with wet cloth or non-woven fabric and stored in a cool place to keep them moist. Direct immersion in water for a long time (which will cause tissue rotting) or exposure to sunlight (which will cause dehydration) is strictly prohibited.

[0120] Step B - Structure deployment: Deploy the auxiliary planting structure in the target beach and fix it in the bottom mud with anchor nails.

[0121] Step C - Precision planting: The selected hypocotyls are inserted vertically into the sediment through the planting holes of the structure. The depth of insertion is a critical parameter that determines the stability of the hypocotyls and must be strictly controlled to be between 1 / 3 and 1 / 2 of the total length of the hypocotyls. This depth is the optimal balance between stability and physiological needs: it ensures that the hypocotyls remain stable under tidal impact, without being buried too deeply to affect the respiration of the hypocotyls' lenticels.

[0122] Fine-tuning can be done according to field conditions: in areas with strong winds and soft mud, the depth of insertion can be increased to 2 / 3 of the length of the hypocotyls to enhance stability; but in areas with hard and compacted sediment and small waves, the depth of insertion should not exceed 1 / 2 to facilitate root penetration.

[0123] Step D - Fixing and compacting: To further enhance impact resistance, it is recommended to insert the hypocotyls at a slight angle of 5-10 degrees to the main flow direction (usually towards the sea). After insertion, the pores must be backfilled with the original in-situ sediment and lightly compacted by hand to ensure that the hypocotyls are in close contact with the sediment without any gaps.

[0124] Sub-example 2.4: Auxiliary structure + bare-root seedling transplanting method (special case)

[0125] This is a high-risk alternative that is strictly limited in its application: it is only suitable for special cases where the nursery and planting site are extremely close (such as transportation time less than 2 hours) and can ensure that the root system is kept moist throughout the process.

[0126] Seedling lifting: The seedling must be lifted with a "heart soil" of at least 10-15 cm in diameter to protect the core root system.

[0127] Transportation: The roots (together with the heart soil) must be immediately wrapped with wet burlap, moisture gel, etc. to avoid wind and light throughout the journey.

[0128] Planting: Planting must be completed on the same day as the seedling is lifted and immediately planted in the auxiliary structure. If conditions permit, sufficient "root-fixing water" should be applied.

[0129] Example Three: Integration of environmental adaptability design and auxiliary technology

[0130] The advancement of this invention lies in its ability to adapt to specific environmental conditions and synergize with other technologies.

[0131] Precise matching of environmental parameters

[0132] Tidal level: This method is strictly limited to the middle to high tidal zones. Drought-tolerant mangrove species such as Avicennia marina and Aegiceras corniculatum are suitable for planting in high tidal zones, while Kandelia candel, Rhizophora stylosa, and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza are mainly distributed in the middle tidal zone.

[0133] Salinity: The optimal salinity range for this solution is 18-32‰.

[0134] Substrate: The most suitable substrate type is muddy or sandy-muddy beach.

[0135] Hydrodynamic adaptability design

[0136] This invention can dynamically adjust the structural configuration according to the hydrodynamic conditions:

[0137] Strong hydrodynamic area: Use multi-layer (2-3 layers) structure superposition method, and cooperate with the use of lengthened (such as length>50 centimeters) anchor nails for deep fixation, to maximize its impact resistance.

[0138] Weak hydrodynamic area: Single-layer structure can meet the protection needs.

[0139] Soft substrate area (such as running mud beach):

[0140] Single-layer structure units with larger bottom area can be used to disperse pressure, similar to "snowshoes", to prevent excessive subsidence of the structure and seedlings due to their own weight.

Claims

1. An assisted planting method, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: a) preparing a plant planting body: the planting body is a seed, a seedling or a hypocotyl; b) deploying a structure: deploying at least one auxiliary planting structure having at least one planting hole in the area to be repaired, and fixing the auxiliary planting structure to the area to be repaired by using an anchor; wherein the auxiliary planting structure maintains structural integrity within a preset time period after the planting body is planted to provide the functions of physical support, buffering water flow, improving the microenvironment and / or biological protection.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein: The planting hole of the auxiliary planting structure can accommodate the planting body.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein: The auxiliary planting structure can be deployed in an above-ground manner and / or an above-and-underground combined manner; wherein the above-ground manner refers to placing a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure on the surface layer of the planting substrate, and then anchoring the auxiliary planting structure, wherein the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure needs to be stacked; the above-and-underground combined manner refers to that the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure is divided into an above-ground part and an underground part; the underground part includes a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure that needs to be buried in the planting substrate, and the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure needs to be stacked; the above-ground part includes a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure that needs to be placed on the surface layer of the planting substrate, and the auxiliary planting structure is anchored, and the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure needs to be stacked.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein: When the auxiliary planting structure is deployed in the above-ground manner, after the seeds are sown on the surface layer of the planting substrate in the planting area, a certain thickness of the planting substrate is covered thereon, a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure is further deployed above the ground in the planting area, and an anchoring device is used for anchoring; or the seedlings are planted in the planting substrate, a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure is further deployed above the ground in the planting area, the seedlings are passed through the planting hole, and an anchoring device is used for anchoring.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein: When the structure is deployed in the above-and-underground combined manner, the seeds are planted in the planting hole of the underground auxiliary planting structure in the planting area, a certain thickness of the planting substrate is covered thereon, and a single-layer or multi-layer above-ground auxiliary planting structure is further covered; or the above-ground and underground parts of the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure have a central transplanting hole, the seedlings are planted in the central transplanting hole of the underground auxiliary planting structure, and the above-ground part is further covered.

6. The method according to any one of claims 3-5, characterized in that: The auxiliary planting structure has a central transplanting hole and can accommodate the planting body.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein: The auxiliary planting structure is a three-dimensional member arranged in an array and connected to each other, the bottom of the three-dimensional member is provided with an inner groove extending to the top thereof, and the periphery of the three-dimensional member is provided with a hollow hole in communication with the inner groove.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein: The top of the three-dimensional member is provided with a top connecting piece, and / or the bottom of the three-dimensional member is provided with a bottom connecting piece capable of being detachably connected to the top connecting piece, and the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure is fixedly connected through the connecting pieces.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein, The top connecting piece and the bottom connecting piece are respectively a female buckle or a male buckle.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein, The three-dimensional structure is a polygonal single body structure, which comprises inclined struts extending downward along the periphery of the top, and the hollow holes are formed between the adjacent two inclined struts.

11. The method of claim 7, wherein, The three-dimensional structure is a semicircular single body structure, which comprises a plurality of arc struts extending downward along the periphery of the top, and the hollow holes are formed between the adjacent two arc struts.

12. The method according to any one of claims 10-11, characterized in that, The top of the three-dimensional structure is provided with a top connector, and / or the bottom of the three-dimensional structure is provided with a bottom connector capable of being detachably connected with the top connector.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein, The semicircular single body structure forms a wave-shaped and / or semicircular profile between any two arc struts.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein, The top connector and the bottom connector are respectively female or male buckles.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein: When the top connector is a male buckle and / or the bottom connector is a female buckle, the top of the inclined strut or arc strut is connected with the male buckle, and the bottom of the inclined strut or arc strut is provided with the female buckle; when the top connector is a female buckle and / or the bottom connector is a male buckle, the top of the inclined strut or arc strut is connected with the female buckle, and the male buckle is arranged on the inclined strut or arc strut connecting the adjacent two single body structures.

16. The method of any one of claims 10, 11, 15, wherein: The bottom connectors of the adjacent two inclined struts or arc struts of the three-dimensional structure are connected through a connecting rod.

17. The method of any one of claims 9 or 12, wherein, The splicing is achieved through the connection of the female and male buckles, and the splicing includes up-down, left-right and / or annular splicing.

18. The method of claim 7, wherein, The auxiliary planting structure is a degradable biological material structure.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein, The biodegradable material is a combination of one or more of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), modified starch, lignin, cellulose, chitin, wood-plastic, bamboo, wood powder or straw.

20. The method of claim 10, wherein, When the three-dimensional structure is a polygonal single body structure, any two inclined struts and the top connector of the three-dimensional structure form a substantially trapezoidal and / or triangular external profile.

21. The method of claim 1, wherein, The planting body is a mangrove seed, seedling or hypocotyl.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein, The planting method of the mangrove seed, seedling or hypocotyl comprises at least one of sowing, hypocotyl transplanting and seedling transplanting.

23. The method of claim 1, wherein, The planting body is a seed or seedling of a salt marsh plant.

24. The method of claim 21, wherein, The planting method of the seed or seedling of the salt marsh plant comprises at least one of sowing and seedling transplanting.

25. An assisted planting system for implementing the method of any one of claims 1-21, characterized by, It comprises: a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure, which has one or more planting holes; and at least one anchor for fixing the auxiliary planting structure in a planting substrate.

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