Seagrass bed restoration method and system

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention are a seagrass bed restoration method and a system, aiming at solving the technical problems of low transplanting survival rates, bad stability and non-standardized operations in the existing seagrass bed plant restoration. The core method of the present invention comprises: a) preparing a plant body; b) formulating a layout solution: deploying an auxiliary transplanting structure in an aboveground layout mode and / or deploying the structure in an aboveground and underground combined layout mode, the auxiliary transplanting structure being provided with at least one planting hole capable of accommodating the plant body, and the structure being capable of providing physical support, water flow buffering, microenvironment improvement and / or biological protection for the plant body at the initial stage of transplanting, and then naturally degrading; and c) deploying the structure: deploying in a region to be repaired at least one auxiliary transplanting structure made of a biodegradable material, and using an anchor to fix the auxiliary transplanting structure to said region. Further disclosed in the present invention is a system for carrying out the method, comprising an auxiliary transplanting structure and an anchor. The present invention can achieve standardization and engineering of restoration operations, and enhance adaptability to complex environments, is environment-friendly, and has significant economic and ecological benefits.

Description

A method and system for seagrass bed restoration TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to a method and system for seagrass bed restoration. BACKGROUND

[0002] Seagrass bed is an important primary producer of coastal wetland ecosystem, playing a key role in slowing down the flow of the beach, carbon accumulation and biodiversity maintenance. Affected by hydrodynamic disturbance and environmental factors, seagrass bed restoration often faces the challenge of low plant survival rate. At present, the efficiency of seagrass restoration is improved by increasing the planting density of plants, using large patch transplantation and auxiliary seeding. However, the high-density and large-patch planting methods have high labor costs, and the restoration effect is unstable in strong hydrodynamic environment. In addition, in areas where benthic animals are active, the lack of efficient prevention and control measures for their grazing and destruction also leads to the difficulty in long-term maintenance of seagrass bed restoration results. TECHNICAL PROBLEM

[0003] Based on the applicability of the auxiliary planting structure in the restoration of other key ecosystems in coastal wetlands, the present application proposes an auxiliary planting structure internal seeding / planting method suitable for seagrass bed restoration, aiming to solve the problem of low survival rate of seagrass planting caused by strong hydrodynamic force, soft bottom, and easy seed drift in the intertidal zone and shallow sea area.

[0004] The "auxiliary planting structure" is designed to achieve the following four key functions to overcome the core problems mentioned in the background art:

[0005] Stable support and anchoring function: through the physical form of the structure itself (such as plate, grid or three-dimensional structure) and the matching anchoring system (such as anchoring nails), the planting body is firmly fixed at the predetermined position of the seagrass bed, effectively resisting the physical impact force of tides and waves, and fundamentally solving the problem of planting body being washed away or lodging.

[0006] Water flow buffering function: the structure itself and its arrayed layout in the seagrass bed can form a water flow buffering zone around it, effectively reducing the near-bottom water flow speed, creating a relatively stable micro-hydrological environment for the planting body, and reducing the scouring of water flow on the root mud.

[0007] Micro-environment improvement function: the structure can intercept suspended silt in the water flow, promoting its moderate accumulation around the structure, thereby helping to stabilize the bottom and raise the beach surface. At the same time, the holes of the structure can be used as carriers for improved substrate (such as added organic fertilizer, nutrient soil), creating a micro-environment with more abundant nutrients and better physical properties for the early development of root system.

[0008] Primary biological protection function: the structure physically forms a barrier that can block or interfere with the activities of large crabs and other herbivorous or disturbing organisms to some extent, reducing the risk of seedlings being eaten or roots being damaged. Technical solutions

[0009] The auxiliary planting method provided by the application comprises the following main steps:

[0010] a) Preparing a plant planting body;

[0011] b) Formulating a layout plan: deploying the auxiliary planting structure by using an above-ground layout method and / or deploying the auxiliary planting structure by using an above-ground and underground combined layout method;

[0012] The above-ground layout method refers to placing a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure on the surface of the planting substrate, and then anchoring the auxiliary planting structure, wherein the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure needs to be stacked for use. The above-ground and underground combined layout method refers to that the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure is divided into an above-ground part and an underground part. The underground part comprises a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure that needs to be buried in the planting substrate, and the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure needs to be stacked for use. The above-ground part comprises a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure that needs to be placed on the surface of the planting substrate, and the auxiliary planting structure is anchored, and the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure needs to be stacked for use.

[0013] The auxiliary planting structure comprises three-dimensional members arranged in an array and connected to each other, the bottom of the three-dimensional member is provided with an inner groove extending to the top thereof, and the periphery of the three-dimensional member is provided with a hollow hole in communication with the inner groove.

[0014] If the auxiliary planting structure is used in multiple layers, the multiple single-layer structure combinations need to be fixed by buckling before use.

[0015] The auxiliary planting structure maintains structural integrity within a predetermined time period after the planting body is planted to provide physical support, buffer water flow, improve the microenvironment and / or biological protection functions.

[0016] c) Deploying the structure: deploying at least one auxiliary planting structure in the area to be repaired, and fixing the auxiliary planting structure to the area to be repaired by using an anchor.

[0017] Preferably, the planting body is a seed, and the seed is planted by using a sowing method, wherein the sowing method refers to

[0018] If the aboveground and underground combined arrangement mode is adopted, the auxiliary planting structure of the underground part is first buried in the planting substrate, then the seeds are uniformly sown on the surface of the planting substrate, 1-2 cm of the planting substrate is lightly covered, and then one or more layers of auxiliary planting structures are laid on the surface of the planting substrate and fixed; if the aboveground arrangement mode is adopted, the seeds are sown in the planting substrate, and the planting substrate is dug nearby for shallow burial, and then one or more layers of auxiliary planting structures are laid on the surface of the planting substrate and fixed.

[0019] Preferably, the seeds are mixed with soil to form seed pellets with a diameter of 1-2 cm; each pellet contains 1-3 seeds; and then the pellets are planted by sowing.

[0020] Preferably, the planting body is a seedling,

[0021] The planting holes are formed by removing part of the three-dimensional members on the aboveground auxiliary planting structure, and the seedlings are transplanted in the planting holes;

[0022] If the aboveground and underground combined arrangement mode is adopted, a potential pit is first dug in the planting substrate, then the plant seedlings that need to be transplanted are planted in the planting substrate, the seedlings are sleeved in the planting holes of one or more layers of aboveground auxiliary planting structures, the auxiliary planting structure of the underground part is buried in the planting substrate, and the aboveground part and the underground part are penetrated by the anchoring member; if the aboveground arrangement mode is adopted, the seedlings are directly transplanted into the planting substrate, and then the seedlings are sleeved in the planting holes of one or more layers of auxiliary planting structures and the auxiliary planting structures are fixed.

[0023] Preferably, the planting body includes a stolon of seaweed;

[0024] If the aboveground and underground combined arrangement mode is adopted, the stolon segments are horizontally inserted into the hollow holes of the auxiliary planting structure, ensuring that the nodes on both sides contact the planting substrate, the node part is lightly covered and compacted with fine sand or in-situ sediment with a thickness of 2-3 cm, and then one or more layers of auxiliary planting structures are laid on the surface of the planting substrate and fixed; if the aboveground arrangement mode is adopted, the stolons are directly transplanted into the planting substrate, and then one or more layers of auxiliary planting structures are laid on the surface of the planting substrate and fixed.

[0025] Preferably, the planting body includes a bulb; if the aboveground and underground combined arrangement mode is adopted, the auxiliary planting structure of the underground part is first buried in the planting substrate, then the bulbs are uniformly filled into the hollow holes of the structure, 1-2 cm of the planting substrate is lightly covered, and then one or more layers of auxiliary planting structures are laid on the surface of the planting substrate and fixed; if the aboveground arrangement mode is adopted, the bulbs are planted in the planting substrate, and the planting substrate is dug nearby for shallow burial, and then one or more layers of auxiliary planting structures are laid on the surface of the planting substrate and fixed.

[0026] Preferably, the auxiliary planting structure is a three-dimensional structure arranged in an array and connected to each other, the bottom of the three-dimensional structure is provided with an inner groove extending to the top, and the periphery of the three-dimensional structure is provided with a hollow hole communicating with the inner groove.

[0027] Preferably, the top of the three-dimensional structure is provided with a top connector, and / or the bottom of the three-dimensional structure is provided with a bottom connector capable of being detachably connected with the top connector, and the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure is fixedly connected through the connectors.

[0028] Preferably, the top connector and the bottom connector are female or male buckles, respectively.

[0029] Preferably, the three-dimensional structure is a polygonal single structure, which includes inclined support legs extending downward around the top, and the hollow hole is formed between the adjacent two inclined support legs.

[0030] Preferably, the three-dimensional structure is a semicircular single structure, which includes a plurality of arc support legs extending downward around the top, and the hollow hole is formed between the adjacent two arc support legs.

[0031] Preferably, the top of the three-dimensional structure is provided with a top connector, and / or the bottom of the three-dimensional structure is provided with a bottom connector capable of being detachably connected with the top connector.

[0032] Preferably, the semicircular single structure forms a wave shape and / or a semicircular profile between any two arc support legs.

[0033] Preferably, the top connector and the bottom connector are female or male buckles, respectively.

[0034] Preferably, when the top connector is a male buckle and / or the bottom connector is a female buckle, the top of the inclined support leg or the arc support leg is connected with the male buckle, and the bottom of the inclined support leg or the arc support leg is provided with the female buckle; when the top connector is a female buckle and / or the bottom connector is a male buckle, the top of the inclined support leg or the arc support leg is connected with the female buckle, and the male buckle is arranged on the inclined support leg or the arc support leg connecting the adjacent two single structures.

[0035] Preferably, the bottom connectors of the adjacent two inclined support legs or arc support legs of the three-dimensional structure are connected through a connecting rod.

[0036] Preferably, the splicing is achieved through female and male buckles, and the splicing includes up-down, left-right and / or ring splicing.

[0037] Preferably, the auxiliary planting structure is a degradable bio-based material structure.

[0038] Preferably, the biodegradable material is a combination of one or more of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), modified starch, lignin, cellulose, chitin, wood plastic, bamboo, wood powder or straw.

[0039] Preferably, when the three-dimensional structure is a polygonal monomer structure, any two diagonal support legs and the top connecting piece of the three-dimensional structure form an outer contour of a substantially trapezoidal and / or triangular shape.

[0040] Preferably, the anchor is used to pass through the single-layer auxiliary planting structure or the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure from top to bottom to be fixed on the area to be repaired.

[0041] Preferably, the planting body is a seagrass plant; and the area to be repaired is a seagrass bed area.

[0042] The present application also provides an auxiliary planting system using the above-mentioned auxiliary planting method, comprising:

[0043] a) a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure, the auxiliary planting structure having one or more planting holes; and

[0044] b) at least one anchor for fixing the auxiliary planting structure in the planting substrate. Advantages

[0045] The seagrass bed restoration planting method of the present application is used in a seagrass vegetation restoration area, can stabilize the substrate, slow down the water power, promote the early planting of salt seagrass seeds or seedlings, reduce the grazing of benthic animals, can improve the survival rate of seagrass bed restoration under strong water power conditions, and the auxiliary planting structure will be degraded in the natural environment without any adverse effects on the environment. A small amount of seagrass successfully planted by the auxiliary planting structure can realize large-scale natural restoration by means of the population's own reproduction and restoration ability, greatly reducing the manpower and material resources for restoration, and is a seagrass bed restoration technology relying on artificial restoration as an auxiliary and natural restoration as the main method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0046] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0047] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the auxiliary planting structure (hexagonal monomer structure) in the embodiment;

[0048] Fig. 2 is a top view of the auxiliary planting structure (hexagonal single body structure) in the embodiment;

[0049] Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the three-dimensional structure (hexagonal single body structure) in the embodiment;

[0050] Fig. 4 is a structure diagram of the double-layer auxiliary planting structure (hexagonal single body structure) in the embodiment;

[0051] Fig. 5 is a structure diagram of the auxiliary planting structure (hexagonal single body structure) containing the transplanting hole 8 in the embodiment;

[0052] Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the auxiliary planting structure (semicircular single body structure) in the embodiment;

[0053] Fig. 7 is a top view of the auxiliary planting structure (semicircular single body structure) in the embodiment;

[0054] Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the three-dimensional structure (semicircular single body structure) in the embodiment;

[0055] Fig. 9 is a structure diagram of the double-layer auxiliary planting structure (semicircular single body structure) in the embodiment;

[0056] Fig. 10 is a structure diagram of the auxiliary planting structure (semicircular single body structure) containing the transplanting hole 8 in the embodiment;

[0057] Explanation of reference signs: 1, three-dimensional structure; 2, female buckle; 3, male buckle; 4, hollow hole; 5, inclined support leg; 6, arc support leg; 7, connecting rod; 8, transplanting hole. Embodiment of the present application

[0058] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application. This patent is supported by the National Key R&D Plan Key Project “Ecological Utilization and Shallow Habitat Construction Technology and Demonstration of Yangtze Estuary Deepwater Channel Dredged Soil (2023YFC3208500).

[0059] Embodiment one: specific description of the auxiliary planting structure

[0060] The core component of the present application is the auxiliary planting structure. In a preferred embodiment, referring to Figs. 1-10, the structure is a structure body with a preset thickness and one or more planting holes arranged by a plurality of three-dimensional structures.

[0061] The embodiment provides an auxiliary planting structure, as shown in FIGS. 1-10, which is mainly composed of three-dimensional components 1 arranged in an array and connected to each other. The bottom of each three-dimensional component 1 is provided with an inner groove extending from the bottom to the top of the three-dimensional component 1. The three-dimensional component 1 is provided with a hollow hole 4 communicating with the inner groove. The auxiliary planting structure is mainly used for salt marsh vegetation restoration, and can also be used for auxiliary planting of plants in other areas. Before use, a plurality of auxiliary planting structures can be stacked together during transportation, and then disassembled and assembled after being transported to the restoration site, which can effectively prevent the auxiliary planting structure from being damaged during transportation. During use, the auxiliary planting structure can be combined in different ways according to the actual situation and restoration target of the size of the salt marsh restoration area, water power, etc., such as single-layer use, single-layer auxiliary planting structure including a single auxiliary planting structure or a plurality of auxiliary planting structures arranged in a row, multi-layer combination, placing and anchoring the single-layer auxiliary planting structure on the sediment layer of the salt marsh restoration area, and stacking and connecting the single-layer auxiliary planting structures in a multi-layer use mode by buckling. Each layer of auxiliary planting structure includes a single auxiliary planting structure or a plurality of auxiliary planting structures arranged in a row, and the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure can be placed and anchored above the sediment layer of the salt marsh restoration area, or partially buried underground and partially exposed above ground, and then anchored in the sediment of the salt marsh restoration area by using bamboo poles and other environmentally friendly materials. The aboveground part can effectively slow down the water flow speed of the salt marsh restoration area, reduce the water flow scouring force, and reduce the grazing of stems and leaves by benthic animals; the underground part can strengthen the stability of the soil foundation, avoid erosion of the sediment caused by excessive water flow, and prevent benthic animals from damaging the roots, and the multi-layer heightening can strengthen the protection of the stems and leaves of the plants. During planting, seeds and seedlings are planted, and the seeds are planted in the hollow hole 4 of the auxiliary planting structure. If the seedlings are needed, the upper part of the three-dimensional component 1 of the auxiliary planting structure is removed, such as being cut off by using scissors or other tools, to form a transplanting hole 8 in the auxiliary planting structure, and the seedlings are transplanted in the transplanting hole 8. Generally, the diameter of the transplanting hole 8 is recommended to be 10-15 cm, but should not exceed 20 cm.

[0062] The auxiliary planting structure is based on the principle of bionics, simulates the characteristics of an aggregated plant population, and is designed and manufactured. The auxiliary planting structure can be buried in the sediment to stabilize the soil foundation and prevent benthic animals from damaging the root system. The auxiliary planting structure can be fixed above the surface of the sediment to slow down the flow and promote siltation, promote the early planting of salt marsh seedlings, reduce the grazing of seedling stems and leaves by benthic animals, and improve the survival rate. The above-ground and below-ground layout schemes of the auxiliary planting structure can be selected according to actual needs. The auxiliary planting structure focuses on helping coastal wetland salt marsh plants to achieve early planting. The auxiliary planting structure can be laid on the tidal flat to slow down the flow, promote siltation, facilitate planting, and reduce predation by animals. If the water power in the area is moderate, it is recommended to only fix the auxiliary planting structure above the ground to slow down the flow, promote siltation, and promote the early planting of salt marsh seedlings. If the water power in the area is strong and the sediment is easily eroded, it is recommended to arrange the structure above and below the ground. If the predation pressure of benthic animals in the area is large, it is recommended to arrange the structure above and below the ground to prevent benthic animals from grazing salt marsh seedling stems and leaves and damaging the root system.

[0063] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-10, the top of the three-dimensional structure 1 is provided with a top connecting piece, and the bottom of the three-dimensional structure 1 is provided with a bottom connecting piece. The bottom connecting piece and the top connecting piece can be detachably connected to facilitate multi-layer assembly connection of multiple auxiliary planting structures. The detachable connection mode of the bottom connecting piece and the top connecting piece can adopt a buckle connection mode, such as a fixedly arranged slot of the top connecting piece and a plug of the bottom connecting piece. Alternatively, the detachable connection mode of the bottom connecting piece and the top connecting piece can adopt a lock buckle connection mode, such as a female buckle 2 of the top connecting piece and a male buckle 3 of the bottom connecting piece.

[0064] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-10, the auxiliary planting structure can be fixed on the tidal flat by using an environmentally friendly material such as a bamboo pole with a suitable size.

[0065] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-10, the top connecting piece and the bottom connecting piece are a female buckle 2 and a male buckle 3, respectively. That is, if the top connecting piece is a female buckle 2, the bottom connecting piece is a male buckle 3. If the top connecting piece is a male buckle 3, the bottom connecting piece is a female buckle 2. Through the snap connection mode of the female buckle 2 and the male buckle 3, the connection and assembly of multiple layers of auxiliary planting structures can be quickly realized.

[0066] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-10, the top connecting member is a female buckle 2, and the bottom connecting member is a male buckle 3. The three-dimensional component 1 is a hexagonal monomer structure, which includes a plurality of diagonal support legs 5. The diagonal support legs 5 are arranged along the circumference of the female buckle 2, and the curved portion of the diagonal support leg 5 is outwardly arranged. The top of the diagonal support leg 5 is connected to the female buckle 2, and the bottom of each diagonal support leg 5 is provided with a male buckle 3. Adjacent two male buckles 3 are connected by a connecting rod 7. The plurality of diagonal support legs 5 form a hollow hole 4, and all the diagonal support legs 5 surround an inner groove. As shown in FIGS. 1-10, in the hexagonal monomer structure, any two diagonal support legs and the top connecting member can form a substantially trapezoidal or triangular external profile.

[0067] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-10, the top connecting member is a female buckle 2, and the bottom connecting member is a male buckle 3. The three-dimensional component 1 is a hexagonal monomer structure, which includes a plurality of diagonal support legs 5. The diagonal support legs 5 are arranged along the circumference of the female buckle 2, and the curved portion of the diagonal support leg 5 is outwardly arranged. The top of the diagonal support leg 5 is connected to the female buckle 2, and the bottom of each diagonal support leg 5 is provided with a male buckle 3. Adjacent two male buckles 3 are connected by a connecting rod 7. The plurality of diagonal support legs 5 form a hollow hole 4, and all the diagonal support legs 5 surround an inner groove. As shown in FIGS. 1-10, in the hexagonal monomer structure, any two diagonal support legs and the top connecting member can form a substantially trapezoidal or triangular external profile.

[0068] The application only lists the case of the diagonal support leg, in which the top connecting member is a male buckle, and the bottom connecting member is a female buckle; and the case of the arc support leg, in which the top connecting member is a female buckle, and the bottom connecting member is a male buckle. In the preferred embodiment, the top connecting member of the diagonal support leg can also be a female buckle, and the bottom connecting member is a male buckle; the top connecting member of the arc support leg is a male buckle, and the bottom connecting member is a female buckle. That is, in the diagonal support leg and the arc support leg, the top can be a female buckle or a male buckle, and the bottom is a male buckle or a female buckle matched with the top.

[0069] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-10, the array arrangement is a rectangular array (i.e., the single auxiliary planting structure is in the shape of a rectangle as a whole) or a circular array (i.e., the single auxiliary planting structure is in the shape of a circle as a whole). Generally, the array arrangement adopts a rectangular array mode, which is convenient for side-by-side arrangement or stacked arrangement.

[0070] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-10, according to the results of flume and field experiments, when the array is arranged in a rectangular array and the three-dimensional structure 1 is a hexagonal monomer structure, the water flow reduction effect is 62%. When the array is arranged in a rectangular array and the three-dimensional structure 1 is a semicircular monomer structure, the water flow reduction effect is 50%. The hexagonal monomer structure is superior to the semicircular monomer structure in preventing predation by animals. The auxiliary planting structure buried in the sediment can play a role in stabilizing the substrate at a flow rate of less than 0.34 m / s, preventing the roots from being pulled out, and greatly improving the success rate of planting. For plant species with weak and small leaves, the number of layers of the aboveground structure can be appropriately increased. For plant species with spreading and wide leaves, it is recommended that the aboveground structure not exceed two layers, which is beneficial to the growth and extension of stems and leaves. When using the auxiliary seeding method, it is recommended that the number of layers of the aboveground structure not exceed three, which is beneficial to reducing the shading of the structure to light, thereby improving the emergence rate and survival rate.

[0071] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-10, the auxiliary planting structure is a degradable bio-based material structure, i.e., all the materials of the auxiliary planting structure are degradable bio-based materials. The degradable bio-based materials such as polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), or polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), and polylactic acid (PLA) materials, wood-plastic, bamboo, wood powder, and straw are all biodegradable, non-toxic bio-based materials. In the initial stage of salt marsh restoration, the auxiliary planting structure can help the salt marsh plants to achieve early planting and improve the survival rate. After that, the auxiliary planting structure will degrade in the natural environment and will not have any adverse effects on the environment. A small number of salt marsh plants that successfully plant through the auxiliary planting structure can achieve large-scale natural restoration through the reproductive and restoration capacity of the population itself, greatly reducing the manpower and material resources for restoration. It is a salt marsh restoration technology that relies on artificial restoration as an auxiliary and natural restoration as the main method.

[0072] The size of the auxiliary planting structure can be 50 cm*50 cm*3.5 cm, and the size and height can be adjusted according to actual conditions.

[0073] The planting holes of the auxiliary planting structure can be hollow holes, or holes of appropriate size can be obtained by cutting the structure according to the size of the specific plants to be planted.

[0074] Example Two: Auxiliary planting method

[0075] I. Seeding method

[0076] 1. Auxiliary planting structure + burial seeding method

[0077] This method is suitable for areas with weak hydrodynamic force and stable habitat.

[0078] The seeding steps are as follows: according to the field environmental conditions of the area to be restored, flexible methods without auxiliary structures can be used, or 1-2 layers of auxiliary planting structures can be laid underground and embedded in the bottom of the surface sediments of the seabed to adapt to different restoration needs; the screened and moistly preserved seaweed seeds are uniformly filled into the hollow holes of the structure; 1-2 cm of planting substrate is lightly covered; according to the in-situ hydrodynamic conditions, 1-5 layers of aboveground structures can be selected and installed on the top of the structure, and special fixing nails are used to fix the structure from top to bottom to prevent displacement.

[0079] 2. Auxiliary planting structure + wet seeding method

[0080] This method improves the planting stability through "seed-sediment mixture" and is suitable for areas with moderate hydrodynamics.

[0081] The seeding steps are as follows: clay and fine sand with a mass ratio of 3:1 are used to make mud blocks with water, and the thickness of the mud blocks is 3-5 cm; the seeds are placed in the mud blocks, and after air drying for 2 days, the seeding units are formed; the seeding units are buried in the seeding sea area at low tide, and 1-5 layers of auxiliary planting structures can also be laid above ground or above and below ground, and special fixing nails are used to fix the structure from top to bottom to prevent displacement.

[0082] 3. Auxiliary planting structure + net bag method

[0083] This method is suitable for areas with strong hydrodynamics and unstable sediments.

[0084] The seeding steps are as follows: the seeds are mixed with mud and sand with a mass ratio of 3:1, and are loaded into net bags made of easily degradable materials such as cotton or hemp (pore size < seed short diameter), and the thickness of the mud and sand is 3-5 cm when the net bag is laid flat; the net bag is placed in the seeding sea area at low tide. Similarly, 1-5 layers of auxiliary planting structures can also be laid above ground or above and below ground, and special fixing nails are used to fix the structure from top to bottom to prevent displacement.

[0085] 4. Auxiliary planting structure + pelletization method

[0086] This method is suitable for subtidal zones or areas where it is not easy to carry out artificial fine operations.

[0087] The seeding steps are as follows: the seeds are made into seed pellets with a diameter of about 1-2 cm in advance; each pellet contains 1-3 seeds and is kept moist; auxiliary planting structures are laid in the planting area, and the structures can be arranged above ground or above and below ground according to the in-situ conditions; the seed mud pellets are uniformly placed in the hollow holes of the underground structure or directly seeded in the substrate, and a thin layer of 1-2 cm of sediment is covered to fix it, and special fixing nails are used to fix the auxiliary planting structure from top to bottom to prevent displacement.

[0088] 5. Auxiliary planting structure + comprehensive seeding method

[0089] In practical applications, in order to improve the seed protection and coverage density, two or more of the above seeding methods are often used in combination.

[0090] II. Transplanting method

[0091] 1. Auxiliary planting structure + creeping stem transplanting method

[0092] This method is suitable for creeping stem type seaweed species with nodes, such as Zostera marina and Zostera japonica.

[0093] The transplanting steps are as follows: according to the field environmental conditions of the area to be restored, the auxiliary structure can be flexibly used without laying auxiliary planting structure, or 1-2 layers of auxiliary planting structure can be laid underground, and the bottom is embedded in the surface sediment of the seabed to adapt to different restoration needs; horizontally insert the creeping stem segments in the planting holes of the auxiliary planting structure, ensure that both sides have nodes contacting the planting substrate; use fine sand or in-situ sediment to lightly cover and compact the node part, with a thickness of 2-3 cm; according to the field hydrodynamic conditions, 1-5 layers of aboveground structure can be selected and installed on the top of the structure, and special fixing nails are used to fix the structure from top to bottom to prevent displacement.

[0094] 2. Auxiliary planting structure + bulb transplanting method

[0095] Suitable for transplanting of seaweed with well-developed root system or bulb type seedlings.

[0096] The transplanting steps are as follows: place the seeds in an artificial flow water system or an artificial seawater pond along the coast to raise seedlings, and when the seedlings grow to an appropriate height, transplant the seedlings to the restoration area; according to the field environmental conditions of the area to be restored, the auxiliary structure can be flexibly used without laying auxiliary planting structure, or 1-2 layers of auxiliary planting structure can be laid underground, and the bottom is embedded in the surface sediment of the seabed to adapt to different restoration needs; put the bulb seedlings into the planting holes of the auxiliary planting structure, and ensure that the root system of the seedlings is completely buried in the sediment; according to the field hydrodynamic conditions, 1-5 layers of aboveground structure can be selected and installed on the top of the structure, and special fixing nails are used to fix the structure from top to bottom to prevent displacement.

[0097] 3. Auxiliary planting structure + seedling transplanting method

[0098] Suitable for seaweed seedlings.

[0099] Transplanting steps are as follows: in the nursery, use degradable materials (such as coconut fiber bags, non-woven fabrics, etc.) to cultivate seedlings. The upper part of the auxiliary planting structure 1 needs to be removed according to the needs, such as cutting off with scissors or other tools, to make a transplanting hole 8 on the auxiliary planting structure, and then transplanting seedlings at the transplanting hole 8. In general, it is recommended that the diameter of the transplanting hole 8 is 10-15 cm, but should not exceed 20 cm. The whole seedling is inserted vertically into the planting substrate, and the periphery is lightly pressed with the substrate to stabilize the seedling body. Or insert the container seedling into the underground auxiliary structure. Further lay 1-5 layers of auxiliary structures with a central transplanting hole on the ground, place the seedlings in the transplanting hole, and use special fixing nails to anchor from top to bottom through each layer of structure, improve the overall anti-displacement ability and planting effect.

[0100] 4. Auxiliary planting structure + ring transplanting method

[0101] Suitable for small-scale patch construction, etc.

[0102] Transplanting steps are as follows: according to the field environmental conditions of the area to be restored, flexible methods such as not laying auxiliary structures, or laying 1-2 layers of auxiliary planting structures underground, and embedding the bottom of the structure into the seabed surface sediments, can be used to adapt to different restoration needs; the transplanting hole in the structure is provided with 3-5 strands of creeping stems or seedlings; each strand is distributed in the transplanting hole positioning area; the central area can be left empty to promote the growth of the center and the periphery.

[0103] 4. Auxiliary planting structure + comprehensive transplanting method

[0104] According to the field topography and habitat diversity, the above various planting methods can be combined for collaborative application.

[0105] The present application can dynamically adjust the structure configuration according to the hydrodynamic conditions:

[0106] Strong hydrodynamic area: use multi-layer (2-5 layers) structure stacking method, and cooperate with the use of elongated (such as length > 50 cm) anchor nails for deep fixation, to maximize its impact resistance.

[0107] Weak hydrodynamic area: single-layer structure can meet the protection needs.

[0108] Soft bottom area: single-layer structure with larger bottom area can be used to disperse pressure, similar to "snowshoes", to prevent the structure and seedlings from sinking too much due to their own weight. Enter the implementation mode description paragraph of the present application here.

Claims

1. An assisted planting method, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: a) preparing a plant body; b) making a layout plan: deploying an auxiliary planting structure by using an above-ground layout method and / or deploying the auxiliary planting structure by using an above-ground and below-ground combined layout method; wherein the above-ground layout method refers to placing a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure on the surface of the planting substrate, and then anchoring the auxiliary planting structure, wherein the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure needs to be stacked for use; the above-ground and below-ground combined layout method refers to that the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure is divided into an above-ground part and a below-ground part; the below-ground part comprises a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure which needs to be buried in the planting substrate, and the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure needs to be stacked for use; the above-ground part comprises a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure which needs to be placed on the surface of the planting substrate, and the auxiliary planting structure is anchored, and the multi-layer auxiliary planting structure needs to be stacked for use; the auxiliary planting structure comprises three-dimensional members arranged in an array and connected to each other, the bottom of the three-dimensional member is provided with an inner groove extending to the top thereof, and the periphery of the three-dimensional member is provided with a hollow hole in communication with the inner groove; if the auxiliary planting structure is stacked in multiple layers, it needs to be combined through buckle fixing before use; the auxiliary planting structure maintains structural integrity within a predetermined time period after the planting of the plant body to provide the functions of physical support, buffer water flow, improved microenvironment, and / or biological protection; c) deploying the structure: deploying at least one auxiliary planting structure in the area to be repaired, and fixing the auxiliary planting structure to the area to be repaired using an anchor.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The plant body is a seed, and the seed is planted by using a sowing method, wherein the sowing method refers to if the above-ground and below-ground combined layout method is used, the auxiliary planting structure of the below-ground part is first buried in the planting substrate, then the seeds are uniformly sown on the surface of the planting substrate, 1-2 cm of the planting substrate is lightly covered, and then one or more layers of auxiliary planting structures are laid on the surface of the planting substrate and fixed; if the above-ground layout method is used, the seeds are sown in the planting substrate, and the planting substrate is dug nearby for shallow burial, and then one or more layers of auxiliary planting structures are laid on the surface of the planting substrate and fixed.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, The seeds are mixed with soil to form seed pellets with a diameter of 1-2 cm; each pellet contains 1-3 seeds; and then the pellets are planted by using the sowing method.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The plant body is a seedling, part of the three-dimensional members on the above-ground auxiliary planting structure are removed to form planting holes, and the seedlings are transplanted in the planting holes; if the above-ground and below-ground combined layout method is used, a potential pit is dug in the planting substrate, and then the plant seedlings to be transplanted are planted in the planting substrate, the seedlings are sleeved in the planting holes of one or more layers of above-ground auxiliary planting structures, the auxiliary planting structure of the below-ground part is buried in the planting substrate, and the above-ground part and the below-ground part are penetrated by the anchor; if the above-ground layout method is used, the seedlings are directly transplanted into the planting substrate, and then the seedlings are sleeved in the planting holes of one or more layers of auxiliary planting structures and the auxiliary planting structure is fixed.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The plant body comprises a stolon of a seagrass; If the aboveground and underground combined arrangement is adopted, the creeping stem segments need to be horizontally inserted into the hollow holes of the auxiliary planting structure, to ensure that each side has a node in contact with the planting substrate. The node part is lightly covered and compacted with 2-3 cm thick fine sand or in-situ sediments. Then, one or more layers of auxiliary planting structures are laid on the surface of the planting substrate and fixed. If the aboveground arrangement is adopted, the creeping stems are directly transplanted into the planting substrate, and then one or more layers of auxiliary planting structures are laid on the surface of the planting substrate and fixed.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The planting body comprises a bulb; If the aboveground and underground combined arrangement is adopted, the auxiliary planting structure of the underground part needs to be buried in the planting substrate, and then the bulbs are evenly filled into the hollow holes of the structure, lightly covered with 1-2 cm of planting substrate, and then one or more layers of auxiliary planting structures are laid on the surface of the planting substrate and fixed. If the aboveground arrangement is adopted, the bulbs are planted in the planting substrate, and the planting substrate is dug nearby for shallow burial, and then one or more layers of auxiliary planting structures are laid on the surface of the planting substrate and fixed.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein: The auxiliary planting structure is a three-dimensional component arranged in an array and connected to each other, wherein the bottom of the three-dimensional component is provided with an inner groove extending to the top thereof, and the periphery of the three-dimensional component is provided with a hollow hole in communication with the inner groove.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein: The top of the three-dimensional component is provided with a top connecting piece, and / or the bottom of the three-dimensional component is provided with a bottom connecting piece capable of being detachably connected with the top connecting piece, and a plurality of auxiliary planting structures are fixedly connected through the connecting pieces.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein, The top connecting piece and the bottom connecting piece are respectively a female buckle or a male buckle.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein, The three-dimensional component is a polygonal monomer structure, which comprises inclined support legs extending downward around the top, and the adjacent two inclined support legs form the hollow hole.

11. The method of claim 7, wherein, The three-dimensional component is a semicircular monomer structure, which comprises a plurality of arc support legs extending downward around the top, and the adjacent two arc support legs form the hollow hole.

12. The method according to any one of claims 10-11, characterized in that, The top of the three-dimensional component is provided with a top connecting piece, and / or the bottom of the three-dimensional component is provided with a bottom connecting piece capable of being detachably connected with the top connecting piece.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein, The semicircular monomer structure forms a wave shape and / or a semicircular profile between any two arc support legs.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein, The top connecting piece and the bottom connecting piece are respectively a female buckle or a male buckle.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein: When the top connecting piece is a male buckle and / or the bottom connecting piece is a female buckle, the top of the inclined support leg or the arc support leg is connected with the male buckle, and the bottom of the inclined support leg or the arc support leg is provided with the female buckle; when the top connecting piece is a female buckle and / or the bottom connecting piece is a male buckle, the top of the inclined support leg or the arc support leg is connected with the female buckle, and the male buckle is arranged on the inclined support leg or the arc support leg connecting adjacent two monomer structures.

16. The method of any of claims 10-11, 15, wherein: The bottom connecting pieces of the adjacent two inclined support legs or arc support legs of the three-dimensional component are connected through a connecting rod.

17. The method of any one of claims 9 or 12, wherein, The splicing is achieved through the female buckle and the male buckle, and the splicing includes up-down, left-right and / or ring splicing.

18. The method of claim 7, wherein, The auxiliary planting structure is a degradable bio-based material component.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein, The biodegradable material is a combination of one or more of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), modified starch, lignin, cellulose, chitin, wood plastic, bamboo, wood powder, or straw.

20. The method of claim 10, wherein, When the three-dimensional solid member is a polygonal single body structure, any two diagonal strut legs and top connectors of the three-dimensional solid member form an outer profile that is substantially trapezoidal and / or triangular.

21. The method of claim 1, wherein, The anchoring is performed by using a bamboo pole, a U-shaped nail, or an anchor rod to penetrate the single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure from top to bottom to be fixed on the area to be repaired.

22. The method of claim 1, wherein, The planting body is a seaweed plant; and the area to be repaired is a seaweed bed area.

23. An assisted planting system for implementing the method of any one of claims 1-24, characterized by The method comprises: a) a single-layer or multi-layer auxiliary planting structure having one or more planting holes; and b) at least one anchoring member for fixing the auxiliary planting structure in a planting substrate. ​

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