Drainage basin source-sink supervision system based on air-space-ground three-dimensional perception

Abstract

The invention discloses a drainage basin source-sink supervision system based on space-space-ground three-dimensional perception. The system comprises a three-dimensional perception module, a water quality fluorescent fingerprint database module and a qualitative traceability analysis module. The three-dimensional perception module is used for collecting multi-source perception data of an air, sky and ground three-dimensional monitoring system in the drainage basin and monitoring water quality indexes of a monitoring section of the drainage basin; the water quality fluorescent fingerprint database module is used for storing water quality fluorescent fingerprints of pollution sources in the drainage basin; and the qualitative traceability analysis module is used for carrying out a water quality fluorescent fingerprint test, carrying out similarity comparison on the water quality fluorescent fingerprint obtained by the test and the water quality fluorescent fingerprint stored in the water quality fluorescent fingerprint database module, and determining a pollution path and a suspected pollution source. According to the system, the pollution path and the suspected pollution source can be rapidly determined under the sudden water pollution condition, and the defects that traditional manual tracing is slow in response, and the pollution source is difficult to find and lock in time are overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water environment monitoring, and more specifically, to a watershed source-sink monitoring system based on three-dimensional air-space-ground sensing. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, watershed water environment monitoring technology systems are gradually showing a trend towards intelligent and three-dimensional development. Existing watershed monitoring technologies include traditional manual monitoring, automatic water quality monitoring stations, and remote sensing monitoring. Due to the low efficiency of manual monitoring, it has become a supplementary measure for watershed supervision in recent years. Online automatic watershed monitoring stations can acquire continuous water quality data in real time, but their coverage and monitoring range are limited. Although remote sensing technology can obtain high-precision and wide-area monitoring data, it is easily affected by weather and has difficulty identifying hidden pollution areas. Therefore, modern watershed monitoring systems are gradually developing towards an integrated, intelligent approach encompassing air, space, and ground.

[0003] Since pollution discharge is the decisive factor leading to substandard water quality in receiving water bodies, a unified and interconnected monitoring network has long been lacking between pollution source monitoring and watershed water quality monitoring. The two monitoring systems operate independently, with relatively fragmented technological integration. A large number of environmental monitoring devices operate in isolation, resulting in fragmented and isolated data. The failure to effectively establish a dynamic and continuous three-dimensional monitoring system for pollution sources and watershed water quality has become a significant technical bottleneck restricting water environment governance and management. Furthermore, when facing sudden water pollution incidents, traditional monitoring methods struggle to capture discharge and concealed diffusion processes. Relying on traditional manual source tracing is inefficient, and verifying discharge pathways is complex, easily leading to difficulties and slowness in source tracing, hindering timely early warning responses. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish an intelligent monitoring system and methodology based on the correlation between pollution sources and water quality. This will effectively address the systemic structural problems of accurate identification and precise supervision of watershed water environment pollution sources, contributing to the continuous improvement of the water environment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address at least one of the technical problems mentioned above in the background art, this invention proposes a watershed source-sink monitoring system based on three-dimensional air-space-ground perception. The system includes a three-dimensional perception module, a water quality fluorescence fingerprint database module, and a qualitative source tracing analysis module.

[0005] The three-dimensional sensing module is used to collect multi-source sensing data from the air, sky, and ground three-dimensional monitoring system within the basin, and to monitor the water quality indicators of the monitoring sections in the basin. When abnormal water quality indicators are detected at the monitoring sections in the basin, pollution source tracing is triggered.

[0006] The water quality fluorescence fingerprint database module is used to store the water quality fluorescence fingerprints of pollution sources within the watershed. The water quality fluorescence fingerprint is a specific three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum used to characterize the composition of pollutants in water samples. The water quality fluorescence fingerprint includes: fluorescence peaks generated by fluorescent organic matter, Rayleigh scattering lines, and Raman scattering lines.

[0007] The qualitative source tracing analysis module is used to conduct water quality fluorescence fingerprint tests on water samples from watershed monitoring sections where water quality indicators are abnormal after pollution source tracing is triggered. The obtained water quality fluorescence fingerprints are then compared with the water quality fluorescence fingerprints stored in the water quality fluorescence fingerprint database module. Based on the similarity comparison results between the water samples from each watershed monitoring section and the water quality fluorescence fingerprints of each pollution source, and combined with the upstream and downstream location relationships of each watershed monitoring section, the pollution path and suspected pollution sources are determined.

[0008] Optionally, the qualitative source tracing analysis module is specifically used to compare the similarity between the water quality fluorescence fingerprints of water samples at each watershed monitoring section and the pollution source water quality fluorescence fingerprints stored in the water quality fluorescence fingerprint database module, determine the correlation between the water samples at each watershed monitoring section and the pollution source based on the similarity and a preset similarity threshold; and based on the correlation, according to the similarity of each monitoring section and its upstream and downstream positional relationship along the watershed, delineate the pollution path in order of increasing similarity and from downstream to upstream.

[0009] Optionally, the qualitative source tracing analysis module is also used to review the pollution path based on the changes in conventional water quality indicators, changes in characteristic pollutant concentrations, online monitoring data of electricity consumption, water consumption, and drainage of suspected pollution sources at upstream and downstream monitoring sections, as well as abnormal discharge information in remote sensing images, video surveillance of discharge outlets, or drone images. This is to confirm whether the pollution path is consistent with the changes in conventional water quality indicators, changes in characteristic pollutant concentrations, and changes in the similarity of water quality fluorescent fingerprints, thereby verifying the accuracy of the pollution path.

[0010] Optionally, the watershed source-sink monitoring system based on three-dimensional air-space-ground perception further includes: a source-sink quantitative calculation and prediction analysis module, used to classify pollution sources in the watershed according to point sources and area sources, and to determine the pollution contribution of point sources by combining water consumption, electricity consumption, drainage volume and online water quality monitoring data of point sources, and to determine the pollution contribution of area sources by combining watershed water volume and rainfall.

[0011] Optionally, the source-sink quantitative calculation and prediction analysis module is also used to determine the main pollution source among each pollution source based on the pollution contribution of each pollution source.

[0012] Optionally, the source-sink quantitative calculation and prediction analysis module is further used to clean, calibrate and fuse the multi-source sensing data collected by the three-dimensional sensing module and the water quality fluorescence fingerprint data stored in the water quality fluorescence fingerprint database module, and combine the pollution diffusion model and the quantitative source tracing model to correct the relevant model parameters, so as to establish a source-sink composite prediction model suitable for this watershed, so as to predict and simulate the diffusion or reduction trend of pollutants in this watershed, and predict the impact of changes in pollution source emissions on future water quality.

[0013] Optionally, the watershed source-sink monitoring system based on air-space-ground three-dimensional perception further includes: an early warning and decision support module, used to determine the degree of water pollution in the watershed based on water quality fluorescence fingerprint similarity and conventional water quality indicators, output the corresponding early warning level result, and execute an early warning response based on the early warning level result.

[0014] Optionally, the watershed source-sink monitoring system based on three-dimensional perception of air-space-ground also includes: a pollution path and visualization map module, which is used to display the spatial distribution of major pollution sources, pollution source list and discharge characteristics in the watershed on the visualization map, and to present the pollution migration path and pollution diffusion trend in the watershed in a visualization manner based on the pollution contribution ratio and pollution path.

[0015] Optionally, the watershed source-sink monitoring system based on air-space-ground three-dimensional perception further includes: a pollution source database module, used to collect and manage source list information of key monitored pollution sources or suspected pollution sources. The source list information includes the main product processing raw materials, production process flow, water-related links, sewage discharge and pipeline laying information, discharge path, historical violation records, information on auxiliary discharge outlets, and online monitoring data on water consumption, drainage volume, and electricity consumption of environmental protection facilities of the pollution source; and is used to form a pollution source list of the production end of the pollution source and its auxiliary discharge outlets based on the source list information, and to provide basic data support for pollution source tracing analysis.

[0016] Optionally, the stereo perception module includes: a sky-eye perception module, a space perception module, and a land-based perception module;

[0017] The Sky Eye perception module is connected to the remote sensing satellite monitoring system and is used to obtain the water area, water quantity changes, water quality status, water ecological information and land use type of the basin by using remote sensing monitoring and geographic information system, so as to realize large-scale and all-weather monitoring of the basin.

[0018] The spatial perception module is connected to the aircraft and tower base monitoring system to obtain water environment information, surrounding pollution source information, land use type and its ecological damage in the basin using the aircraft, and is connected to monitoring equipment deployed along the basin to collect water level, flow rate and flow velocity data.

[0019] The land-based sensing module is connected to the online surface water and groundwater monitoring equipment system deployed within the watershed. It is used to collect hydrological parameters, water quality indicators, meteorological data, and water quality fluorescence fingerprint data of the watershed, so as to realize real-time monitoring of the watershed or pollution source concentration area through the land-based monitoring network.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0021] This invention utilizes a three-dimensional sensing module to achieve real-time acquisition of multi-source monitoring data from air, space, and ground within a watershed. It automatically triggers pollution source tracing when abnormal water quality indicators appear at monitoring sections, thereby improving the response speed to sudden changes in water pollution. Based on the water quality fluorescence fingerprint database module storing the fluorescence fingerprints of various pollution sources, the qualitative source tracing analysis module performs fluorescence fingerprint testing on water samples from abnormal sections and conducts similarity comparisons. Combined with the upstream and downstream location relationships of the monitoring sections, it determines the pollution path and suspected pollution sources, making the pollution source determination process faster and more objective. This significantly improves the accuracy and timeliness of pollution source tracing, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional manual investigations, such as low efficiency and difficulty in path identification. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating the architecture of a watershed source-sink monitoring system based on three-dimensional air-space-ground sensing, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the watershed source-sink monitoring system based on three-dimensional perception of air-space-ground according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of water quality fluorescent fingerprinting according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the working method of the watershed source-sink monitoring system based on three-dimensional perception of air, space, and ground, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0029] It should be noted that the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification, claims and accompanying drawings of this invention are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not explicitly listed or that are inherent to such processes, methods, products or devices.

[0030] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0031] This invention primarily constructs a watershed source-sink monitoring system, namely a watershed source-sink monitoring platform, based on three-dimensional sensing across air, space, and ground. This system can accurately correlate monitoring sections, discharge outlets, and discharge sources, among other core water-related elements. It establishes for the first time a three-dimensional intelligent monitoring and prediction technology system linking source and sink, which will effectively safeguard watershed water quality safety and improve the efficiency of watershed water environment monitoring and enforcement.

[0032] The watershed source-sink monitoring platform constructed in this invention is mainly used to complete source-sink monitoring of the watershed, identify major pollution sources and their pollution contributions, and delineate pollution migration paths. The monitoring network can be deployed according to the degree and importance of water pollution, and it can be built on existing regulatory systems. It is replicable, scalable, and widely applicable, possessing universality.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating the architecture of a watershed source-sink monitoring system based on a three-dimensional air-space-ground sensing system, as described in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 1As shown in one embodiment of the present invention, the proposed watershed source-sink monitoring system based on three-dimensional air-space-ground perception adopts a layered architecture design, mainly comprising three parts: a perception layer, a data layer, and an application layer. These layers collaborate through data flow and functional coordination to construct a comprehensive monitoring system for watershed pollution detection, source tracing, early warning, and decision-making. The system also features functions such as water quality monitoring, pollution source tracing, early warning and prediction, enforcement evidence collection, consultation and analysis, and information dissemination, ensuring timely response, accurate source tracing, and auxiliary management capabilities in the event of sudden pollution incidents.

[0034] The sensing layer is used to construct an integrated air-space-ground three-dimensional monitoring network to achieve comprehensive collection of watershed water environment information. This layer includes:

[0035] Satellite remote sensing: By acquiring remote sensing images of large-scale water bodies, changes in water area, water ecology information, and land use status through satellite payloads, it provides a data foundation for macro-scale water quality identification and change monitoring;

[0036] Video surveillance: Video surveillance equipment is deployed along the river basin, at key discharge outlets and enterprises and institutions to collect real-time information on visualized discharge behavior and water surface anomalies;

[0037] Communication base station data: Ensuring data access and transmission by utilizing communication network nodes;

[0038] Water quality online monitoring stations: used to acquire key online monitoring data such as routine water quality indicators, hydrological parameters, and water quantity of water bodies;

[0039] Online source tracing stations: These include online source tracing instruments deployed along the shore, used to collect characteristic data such as water quality fluorescent fingerprints;

[0040] Drone monitoring: Supplementary information such as high-resolution water environment images and images of illegal discharge activities are obtained through drone patrols;

[0041] Source tracing vessel: used for monitoring water surface movement and supplementing spatial sampling points in water bodies;

[0042] Enterprise online monitoring: Collect online monitoring data from enterprise production sites and sewage outlets to provide key basic data for subsequent pollution source tracing.

[0043] The data layer is used to store, manage, and process the data collected by the perception layer, and includes the following components:

[0044] Construction of Water Quality Fluorescent Fingerprint Database: Establish and maintain local pollution source water quality fingerprint databases, industry water quality fingerprint databases, and watershed baseline water quality fingerprint databases to provide a fingerprint sample basis for source tracing analysis.

[0045] Model establishment and correction:

[0046] Establishment of a quantitative source tracing model: A quantitative source tracing model is constructed based on the water quality fingerprint relationship between pollution sources and water bodies;

[0047] Pollution source tracing model establishment: Constructing a pollution pathway simulation model;

[0048] Non-point source parameter correction: Non-point source pollution parameters are corrected using remote sensing data and rainfall information.

[0049] Result verification and review:

[0050] Source-to-Sink Online Data Linkage Analysis: Real-time verification of source tracing results;

[0051] Pollution pathway verification: The pollution pathway is comprehensively verified by combining water quality indicator trends, characteristic pollutant concentrations, video monitoring, and remote sensing images.

[0052] The application layer is the system function execution layer, which includes multiple business modules for intelligent processing of the entire water environment supervision process. Specifically, these include: a three-dimensional perception module, a pollution source database module, a water quality fluorescence fingerprint database module, a qualitative source tracing analysis module, a source-sink quantitative calculation and prediction analysis module, an early warning and decision support module, a pollution path and visualization map module, and a data transmission and security module.

[0053] The three-dimensional sensing module includes a sky-based sensing module, a space-based sensing module, and a land-based sensing module. It can be used to continuously collect water-related parameter data such as water environment, water ecology, and water resources in the air, space, and land dimensions within the watershed. This enables data linkage and dynamic monitoring of potential pollution discharge points and the watershed's water environment. A schematic diagram is shown below. Figure 2 As shown.

[0054] In one embodiment of the present invention, the watershed source-sink monitoring system based on three-dimensional perception of air-space-ground includes: a three-dimensional perception module, a water quality fluorescence fingerprint database module, and a qualitative source tracing analysis module.

[0055] The three-dimensional sensing module is used to collect multi-source sensing data from the air, sky, and ground three-dimensional monitoring system within the basin, and to monitor the water quality indicators of the monitoring sections in the basin. When abnormal water quality indicators are detected at the monitoring sections in the basin, pollution source tracing is triggered.

[0056] The water quality fluorescence fingerprint database module is used to store the water quality fluorescence fingerprints of pollution sources within the watershed. The water quality fluorescence fingerprint is a specific three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum used to characterize the composition of pollutants in water samples. The water quality fluorescence fingerprint includes: fluorescence peaks generated by fluorescent organic matter, Rayleigh scattering lines, and Raman scattering lines.

[0057] The qualitative source tracing analysis module is used to conduct water quality fluorescence fingerprint tests on water samples from watershed monitoring sections where water quality indicators are abnormal after pollution source tracing is triggered. The obtained water quality fluorescence fingerprints are then compared with the water quality fluorescence fingerprints stored in the water quality fluorescence fingerprint database module. Based on the similarity comparison results between the water samples from each watershed monitoring section and the water quality fluorescence fingerprints of each pollution source, and combined with the upstream and downstream location relationships of each watershed monitoring section, the pollution path and suspected pollution sources are determined.

[0058] This invention relies on the water quality fluorescence fingerprints of various pollution sources stored in the water quality fluorescence fingerprint database module. The qualitative source tracing analysis module conducts water quality fluorescence fingerprint tests on water samples from abnormal sections and performs similarity comparisons. Combined with the upstream and downstream location relationship of the monitoring section, the pollution path and suspected pollution source are determined, making the pollution source determination process faster and more objective. It significantly improves the accuracy and timeliness of pollution source tracing and overcomes the shortcomings of traditional manual investigation, such as low efficiency and difficulty in path identification.

[0059] In one embodiment of the present invention, the stereo perception module includes: a sky-eye perception module, a space perception module, and a land-based perception module;

[0060] The Sky Eye perception module is connected to the remote sensing satellite monitoring system and is used to obtain the water area, water quantity changes, water quality status, water ecological information and land use type of the basin by using remote sensing monitoring and geographic information system, so as to realize large-scale and all-weather monitoring of the basin.

[0061] The spatial perception module is connected to the aircraft and tower base monitoring system to obtain water environment information, surrounding pollution source information, land use type and its ecological damage in the basin using the aircraft, and is connected to monitoring equipment deployed along the basin to collect water level, flow rate and flow velocity data.

[0062] The land-based sensing module is connected to the online surface water and groundwater monitoring equipment system deployed within the watershed. It is used to collect hydrological parameters, water quality indicators, meteorological data, and water quality fluorescence fingerprint data of the watershed, so as to realize real-time monitoring of the watershed or pollution source concentration area through the land-based monitoring network.

[0063] like Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the Sky Eye Perception Module is connected to a remote sensing satellite monitoring system such as land monitoring satellites, spectral imaging satellites, all-weather radar satellites, geostationary orbit satellites, etc., and uses remote sensing monitoring and geographic information system technologies to obtain water area, water quantity changes, water quality status, water ecological information and land use type of the watershed, so as to realize large-scale and all-weather monitoring of the target watershed.

[0064] In one embodiment of the present invention, the spatial perception module is connected to the aircraft and tower-based monitoring system. By using sensors and lidar mounted on drones or helicopters, it can acquire information on the water environment of the basin, information on surrounding pollution sources, land use types and their ecological damage. With the assistance of monitoring equipment such as high-definition cameras deployed at points such as the riverbank and outfalls, it can monitor the water level, flow rate and velocity of the water body in the basin in real time day and night, so as to realize rapid inspection and monitoring of the target basin in the low-altitude range, strictly prevent illegal discharge and dumping in other places, and make up for the lack of remote sensing monitoring data.

[0065] In one embodiment of the invention, the land-based sensing module connects to various online surface water and groundwater monitoring equipment systems deployed within the watershed, such as automatic hydrological stations, automatic water quality monitoring stations, meteorological stations, and online water pollution source tracing stations. It can collect hydrological parameters (water quantity), water quality indicators, meteorological data (precipitation), and water quality fluorescent fingerprint data in real time within the watershed. This, combined with a robust land-based monitoring network, enables real-time monitoring of the target watershed or pollution source concentration area. Furthermore, the accompanying unmanned source tracing vessels, unmanned source tracing vehicles, and portable source tracing equipment serve as mobile monitoring and source tracing forces for routine inspections and responses to sudden water pollution events. The data transmitted from these vessels can compensate for the deficiencies in the data from online equipment.

[0066] In one embodiment of the present invention, the water quality fluorescence fingerprint database module can be used to store and update local key pollution source water quality fluorescence fingerprint database information, industry water quality fluorescence fingerprint database information, and watershed background fingerprint database information, supporting watershed pollution source tracing comparison work based on water quality fluorescence fingerprint similarity. The result output by the water sample being tested through the water pollution early warning and source tracing instrument is referred to as the water quality fluorescence fingerprint. The water quality fluorescence fingerprint is a specific three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum that characterizes the composition of pollutants in a water sample, mainly including fluorescence peaks produced by fluorescent organic matter, as well as Rayleigh scattering lines and Raman scattering lines, such as... Figure 3 As shown. Rayleigh scattering lines can include first-order and second-order Rayleigh scattering lines, and Raman scattering lines can include first-order and second-order Raman scattering lines.

[0067] This module can, according to regulatory needs, combine the large watersheds under supervision with a geographic information system to divide them into specific smaller watershed areas based on land use types, and manage the established pollution source water quality fluorescence fingerprint database in segmented areas. After the water quality fluorescence fingerprint database construction and sampling work is completed, representative fluorescence fingerprint spectra are selected for database construction and finally embedded into the platform to support fingerprint similarity tracing and comparison. The water quality fluorescence fingerprint database mainly includes the three types of databases mentioned above. This module supports the storage and updating of water quality fluorescence fingerprint spectra in the database.

[0068] In one embodiment of the present invention, the qualitative source tracing analysis module can be used for water quality fluorescent fingerprint similarity comparison, pollution path delineation and automatic verification, thereby identifying all suspected pollution sources.

[0069] This module uses the results of comparing the watershed's online source tracing stations with the water quality fluorescence fingerprint database as a basis to delineate pollution pathways. By combining the analysis results of conventional water quality indicators (such as COD, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and potassium permanganate index) and characteristic pollutants output by online water quality monitoring stations with remote sensing images, watershed and outlet video monitoring or drone images, and online data of enterprise pollution sources such as electricity consumption, water consumption and discharge volume and water quality, the pollution migration path is verified to form a pollution path verification closed loop, thereby identifying all suspected pollution sources along the watershed.

[0070] In one embodiment of the present invention, the qualitative source tracing analysis module is specifically used to determine the correlation between the water quality fluorescent fingerprints of water samples at each watershed monitoring section and the pollution source water quality fluorescent fingerprints stored in the water quality fluorescent fingerprint database module when comparing the similarity of the water quality fluorescent fingerprints of the water samples at each watershed monitoring section with the pollution source water quality fluorescent fingerprints stored in the water quality fluorescent fingerprint database module; and based on the correlation, according to the similarity of each monitoring section and its upstream and downstream position relationship along the watershed, to delineate the pollution path in order of increasing similarity and from downstream to upstream.

[0071] In one embodiment of the present invention, the water pollution early warning and source tracing instrument itself outputs calculation results that can provide the similarity of the water quality fluorescent fingerprint between the water sample to be traced and the water sample from the suspected pollution source. The qualitative source tracing analysis module determines the correlation between the water sample at each monitoring section of the watershed and the pollution source based on the similarity and a preset similarity threshold. Specifically, when the similarity is ≥90%, it indicates that the water sample has been affected by the sewage from the pollution source; when 60% ≤ similarity < 90%, it indicates that the water sample has been affected by the sewage from the pollution source, and there may also be the influence of sewage from other pollution sources; when the similarity is < 60%, it indicates that there is no significant correlation between the water sample and the pollution source.

[0072] In one embodiment of the present invention, the qualitative source tracing analysis module tests the output values ​​of the similarity between polluted water samples and pollution sources by the source tracing instruments deployed in the upstream and downstream of the watershed, and delineates the pollution path from small to large and from downstream to upstream based on their similarity and their upstream and downstream location relationship, thereby identifying all suspected pollution sources along the watershed.

[0073] In one embodiment of the present invention, the qualitative source tracing analysis module is further used to review the pollution path based on online monitoring data of changes in conventional water quality indicators, changes in characteristic pollutant concentrations, electricity consumption, water consumption, and drainage volume of suspected pollution sources at upstream and downstream monitoring sections of the watershed, as well as abnormal discharge information in remote sensing images, video surveillance of discharge outlets, or drone images, to confirm whether the pollution path is consistent with changes in conventional water quality indicators, changes in characteristic pollutant concentrations, and changes in water quality fluorescent fingerprint similarity, thereby verifying the accuracy of the pollution path.

[0074] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the qualitative source tracing analysis module performs pollution path verification, based on the pollution path outlined by the above-mentioned water quality fluorescent fingerprint similarity, the system automatically retrieves online water quality monitoring stations, monitoring videos and satellite remote sensing images along the way, and performs comprehensive verification in the following ways: (1) The trend of the change of the concentration data of conventional water quality indicators in the upstream and downstream of the basin should be consistent with the change of the water quality fluorescent fingerprint similarity; (2) The trend of the change of the concentration data of characteristic pollutants should be consistent with the change of the water quality fluorescent fingerprint similarity; (3) The online water quality data of the enterprise pollution source is inconsistent with the electricity consumption, water consumption and drainage volume; (4) The remote sensing images and the basin or outlet video monitoring or drone shooting found abnormal sewage discharge or sewage dumping behavior in other places.

[0075] In one embodiment of the present invention, after the pollution path verification is completed, the system can further display the final pollution path in the pollution path and visualization module.

[0076] In one embodiment of the present invention, the watershed source-sink monitoring system based on three-dimensional perception of air-space-ground systems further includes: a source-sink quantitative calculation and prediction analysis module, used to classify pollution sources in the watershed according to point sources and area sources, and to determine the pollution contribution of point sources by combining water consumption, electricity consumption, drainage volume and online water quality monitoring data of point sources, and to determine the pollution contribution of area sources by combining watershed water volume and rainfall data, thereby determining the pollution contribution of various types of pollution sources in the watershed.

[0077] In one embodiment of the present invention, the source-sink quantitative calculation and prediction analysis module can be used to quantitatively calculate the contribution ratio of pollution emission sources in a watershed, identify major pollutants, determine future pollution diffusion trends, and assess environmental impacts. Based on collected data such as water volume, water quality index concentrations, equivalent water quality fluorescence fingerprints, rainfall, and remote sensing monitoring data, this module performs preprocessing operations such as calibration and fusion on the aforementioned multivariate data. It then establishes a parameter correction model by combining remote sensing water quality inversion data correction and precipitation data correction (non-point source pollution). Furthermore, it can use the water quality fluorescence fingerprint quantitative source tracing method to calculate the pollution contribution of all pollution sources within the watershed, thereby achieving the goal of identifying major pollution sources and further clarifying emission responsibilities.

[0078] In one embodiment of the present invention, when determining the pollution contribution of various pollution sources in a watershed, the source-sink quantitative calculation and prediction analysis module can classify and quantify pollution sources according to point sources and area sources. By combining the water consumption, electricity consumption, drainage volume and online water quality data of the emission sources to correct the quantitative source tracing model, the point source contribution is determined. For the pollution contribution calculation of pollution sources at the watershed section, the area source contribution is determined by combining the water volume and rainfall to correct the quantitative source tracing model.

[0079] In one embodiment of the present invention, the source-sink quantitative calculation and prediction analysis module is further used to determine the main pollution source among each pollution source based on the pollution contribution of each pollution source.

[0080] In one embodiment of the present invention, pollution sources with a pollution contribution greater than a preset threshold can be identified as major pollution sources.

[0081] In one embodiment of the present invention, the source-sink quantitative calculation and prediction analysis module is further configured to clean, calibrate and fuse the multi-source sensing data collected by the three-dimensional sensing module and the water quality fluorescence fingerprint data stored in the water quality fluorescence fingerprint database module, and combine the pollution diffusion model and the quantitative source tracing model to correct the relevant model parameters, and establish a source-sink composite prediction model suitable for the watershed, so as to predict and simulate the diffusion or reduction trend of pollutants in the watershed, and predict the impact of changes in pollution source emissions on future water quality.

[0082] In one embodiment of the present invention, the source-sink quantitative calculation and prediction analysis module is further used to predict and simulate the water environment change trend, water quality evolution law, and water pollution diffusion degree of the watershed by establishing a pollution diffusion model, thereby achieving the goal of predicting the future pollution diffusion trend and assessing the environmental impact of the target watershed. Specifically, based on the water flow, water quality indicators, water quality fluorescence fingerprint, rainfall, and remote sensing monitoring data collected by the aforementioned space-air-ground sensing module, the raw data can be preprocessed by cleaning, calibrating, and fusing. Then, big data analysis, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and neural network algorithms are used to continuously correct the model parameters, establishing a composite pollution source-sink quantitative prediction model suitable for the watershed, thereby predicting and simulating the future water quality evolution law and water pollution diffusion degree of the watershed as a result of changes in emission sources.

[0083] In one embodiment of the present invention, the watershed source-sink monitoring system based on air-space-ground three-dimensional perception of the present invention further includes: an early warning and decision support module, used to make an early warning judgment on the degree of water pollution in the watershed based on the similarity of water quality fluorescent fingerprints and conventional water quality indicators, output the corresponding early warning level result, and execute an early warning response based on the early warning level result.

[0084] In one embodiment of the present invention, the early warning and decision support module can be used to determine the current pollution level and early warning level of the watershed, thereby triggering the source tracing and investigation response mechanism. At the same time, the expert database function is set up to provide scientific decision-making basis for watershed supervision and management.

[0085] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the module sets three warning levels: 1. When the similarity of the water quality fluorescent fingerprint is ≥60% but <90%, and the conventional water quality values ​​do not exceed the standard, this is a level three warning, prompting the system to closely collect various water quality indicators from the front-end online equipment and monitor their value change trends; 2. When the similarity of the water quality fluorescent fingerprint is ≥90%, and the conventional water quality values ​​do not exceed the standard, this is a level two warning. In this case, based on close monitoring of various water quality test data from the front-end online equipment, regular intensive sampling and monitoring should be carried out using drones, unmanned source tracing vessels or source tracing vehicles, and portable source tracing instruments; 3. When the similarity of the water quality fluorescent fingerprint is ≥90%, and the conventional water quality values ​​exceed the standard, or only the conventional water quality values ​​exceed the standard, this is a level one warning. The emergency source tracing work plan should be activated immediately. Data on the pollution points in the watershed and their upstream and downstream water bodies, discharge outlets, and suspected emission sources should be retrieved. The analysis results of the qualitative source tracing analysis module and the source-sink quantitative calculation and prediction analysis module should be used to determine the pollution emission source, the contribution ratio of the pollution source, and its specific pollution migration path in a timely and effective manner.

[0086] The expert database provides references to typical source tracing cases and online expert consultation functions, and can customize reasonable decision-making and action plans according to different warning levels to better respond to the occurrence of water pollution incidents.

[0087] In one embodiment of the present invention, the watershed source-sink monitoring system based on air-space-ground three-dimensional perception of the present invention further includes: a pollution path and visualization map module, used to display the spatial distribution of major pollution sources, pollution source list and discharge characteristics in the watershed on the visualization map, and to present the pollution migration path and pollution diffusion trend in the watershed in a visualization manner based on the pollution contribution ratio and pollution path.

[0088] In one embodiment of the present invention, a pollution path and visualization map module is used to display and publish the distribution areas of major pollution sources within the watershed, a list of pollution sources, the proportion of pollution contribution, pollution migration paths, and simulated trends of future pollution diffusion in the watershed. This module can integrate a geographic information system to present the distribution characteristics of different land use types and the distribution areas of major pollution sources on a visualization map. Following the classification principles of agricultural, industrial, and non-point source pollution sources, it presents a list of major pollution sources within the watershed in the form of discharge volume classification. Furthermore, it uses pie charts to display the contribution proportion of each pollution source, and finally presents the pollution migration path and simulated diffusion trends in the form of "pollution source-outlet-water body" flow.

[0089] In one embodiment of the present invention, the watershed source-sink monitoring system based on air-space-ground three-dimensional perception of the present invention further includes: a data transmission and protection module, used to receive and transmit external data and data between various modules within the platform, and to realize regular operation and maintenance between various system modules of the platform and data security protection.

[0090] This module can transmit or receive external data and data between modules within the system via wired or wireless communication. For fixed facilities such as monitoring stations, stable data transmission can be achieved through wired communication methods such as fiber optic cables. 4G / 5G mobile communication networks and satellite communication networks can be used for data transmission between drones, mobile monitoring equipment, and the platform module.

[0091] We employ technologies such as data encryption, access control, and firewalls to prevent data leaks, tampering, and cyberattacks, ensuring data security and reliability. We also regularly conduct self-checks, maintenance, and upgrades on sensing devices, network equipment, and servers to ensure the platform's stable operation.

[0092] In one embodiment of the present invention, the watershed source-sink monitoring system based on air-space-ground three-dimensional perception further includes: a pollution source database module, used to collect and manage source list information of key monitored pollution sources or suspected pollution sources. The source list information includes the main product processing raw materials, production process flow, water-related links, sewage discharge and pipeline laying information, discharge path, historical violation records, information on auxiliary discharge outlets, and online monitoring data on water consumption, drainage volume, and electricity consumption of environmental protection facilities of the pollution source; and used to form a pollution source list of the pollution source production end and its auxiliary discharge outlets based on the source list information, and to provide basic data support for pollution source tracing analysis.

[0093] In one embodiment of the present invention, the pollution source database module can be used to collect and archive data on key monitored pollution sources or suspected pollution sources.

[0094] This module integrates the pollutant discharge permit system and environmental impact assessment system to monitor key emission sources around the watershed, including suspected polluting enterprises and entities involved in illegal discharges. It records information such as the main raw materials for processing their products, production processes, key water-related stages, wastewater discharge and pipeline laying conditions, discharge routes, and historical violations. It also collects real-time data on water consumption, wastewater discharge, and electricity consumption of environmental protection facilities from internal automatic monitoring facilities, forming a pollution source list at the production end. Furthermore, it can further record information on affiliated discharge outlets, combining this with video outlet identification to form a discharge source list. This module primarily receives online data from monitoring points located within the production end of pollution sources and their affiliated discharge outlets.

[0095] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes a working method for the source-sink supervision platform in specific embodiments, such as... Figure 4 As shown in the figure. The working method includes: S1 pollution source tracing, S2 pollution source contribution determination, S3 pollution source-sink change prediction, and S4 pollution source and pollution area information dissemination.

[0096] For the working method and process of the above-mentioned platform, please refer to the following specific embodiments 1-4 of the present invention.

[0097] Example 1 Workflow S1: Pollution Source Tracing. Key aspects include pollution source identification, pollution path determination, and automatic verification and calibration.

[0098] (1) Water quality fluorescence fingerprint testing and comparison: When water quality indicators are abnormal at a watershed monitoring section, a Level I warning can be triggered, and the emergency source tracing work plan can be immediately activated. The platform can analyze the water quality fluorescence fingerprint test results of the water sample at the section, and compare them with the local database previously defined by the zone according to the principle of distance from near to far, based on the location of the exceeding section of the pollution event. According to the similarity comparison principle, when the water quality fluorescence fingerprint is ≥90%, the emission source can be determined as a suspected pollution source.

[0099] (2) Pollution path determination: The similarity between the fluorescent fingerprint of the tested water sample and the fluorescent fingerprint of the pollution source water in the fingerprint database can be compared. If the similarity is ≥60%, the pollution path is delineated along the upstream and downstream of the watershed according to the change in similarity from small to large.

[0100] (3) Path verification and calibration: ① At the production end of the pollution source, which is usually a point source of enterprise discharge or a non-point source pollution during the flood season, the main focus is on analyzing and sorting data such as water consumption of the discharging unit, electricity consumption of environmental protection facilities, discharge volume, online water quality data, and land use type; ② At the discharge end of the pollution source, which usually affects the water bodies and groundwater downstream of the pollution source concentration area, the main focus is on analyzing and sorting data such as characteristic pollutants, online water quality conventional indicators, water flow, and water quality fluorescence fingerprint; ③ The water bodies in the basin are divided into two categories: groundwater and surface water. The analysis of groundwater mainly focuses on indicators such as water quality conventional indicators, water flow, water level, and water quality fluorescence fingerprint; the analysis of surface water mainly focuses on indicators such as water quality conventional indicators, water flow, water quality fluorescence fingerprint, and precipitation. Based on the above, the data analysis and sorting of the aerospace part is realized by combining satellite remote sensing, tower base, UAV, monitoring video recognition along the basin and each discharge outlet. According to the land use type and enterprise pollution source distribution defined by the geographic information system, the automatic verification of the pollution path is achieved to ensure its accuracy.

[0101] (4) Pollution source identification: The pollution path is determined by comparing the similarity of the above water quality fluorescent fingerprints, and the suspected pollution source is finally identified through subsequent path verification and other steps. The method and steps for identification are as follows:

[0102] Step 1. Determining the contamination pathway:

[0103] a. Compare the fluorescent fingerprint similarity between the tested water sample and the polluted water source. When the similarity is ≥90%, it indicates that the water sample has been affected by wastewater from that type of pollution source. When the similarity is 60% ≤ similarity < 90%, it indicates that the water sample has been affected by wastewater from that type of pollution source, and there may also be influences from other pollution sources. When the similarity is < 60%, it indicates that there is no significant correlation between the two water samples.

[0104] b. Based on the similarity between the water sample to be tested and the fluorescent fingerprint of the pollution source water quality, and their upstream and downstream location relationships, the pollution path is delineated from small to large and from downstream to upstream.

[0105] Step 2. Contamination Path Verification:

[0106] a. The trend of changes in the concentration data of routine water quality indicators in the upstream and downstream of the basin should be consistent with the change in the similarity of the water quality fluorescent fingerprint; b. The trend of changes in the concentration data of characteristic pollutants should be consistent with the change in the similarity of the water quality fluorescent fingerprint; c. Inconsistencies exist between the online water quality data of enterprise pollution sources and the electricity, water consumption and drainage volume; d. Abnormal sewage discharge or sewage dumping in other locations is discovered through remote sensing images, basin or outlet video monitoring, drone photography, etc.

[0107] Example 2, Workflow S2: Determining Pollution Source Contributions. Key aspects include determining the contribution of each pollution source and identifying major pollution sources. For calculating the pollution contribution of abnormal emission sources, pollution sources can be classified and quantified as point sources and area sources. The point source contribution is determined by modifying the quantitative source tracing model using online water quality data (water consumption, electricity consumption, wastewater discharge, etc.). For calculating the pollution contribution of pollution sources at watershed sections, the area source contribution is determined by modifying the quantitative source tracing model using water volume and rainfall data. Based on the calculated pollution contribution of each pollution source, the major pollution sources are then identified.

[0108] Example 3 Workflow S3: Pollution Source-Sink Change Prediction. Its key points include using pollution diffusion models and quantitative source tracing models to predict the diffusion or reduction trend of pollutant concentrations emitted from emission sources in the watershed, and to anticipate related impacts. Based on the aforementioned data collected using the space-air-ground sensing module, such as water flow, water quality indicators, water quality fluorescence fingerprints, rainfall, and remote sensing monitoring data, the raw data undergoes preprocessing operations such as cleaning, calibration, and fusion. Using big data analysis, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and neural network algorithms, the model parameters are continuously corrected to establish a composite pollution source-sink quantitative prediction model suitable for this watershed. This enables the prediction and simulation of the future evolution of water quality in the watershed as emission sources change, as well as the degree of water pollution diffusion.

[0109] Example 4, Workflow S4: Information Release on Pollution Sources and Polluted Areas. Key aspects include using a single map to statistically analyze and release information on pollution sources and their environmental data within a specified time period and area, providing technical support for subsequent decision-making. The warning level can be continuously adjusted based on actual conditions until the water quality at the watershed section recovers to acceptable levels.

[0110] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention designs a three-dimensional intelligent monitoring platform and method for watershed sources and sinks based on air-space-ground sensing, and its innovations and advantages are as follows:

[0111] (1) Innovation in regulatory concepts: Based on the current technology of watershed regulation, a source-sink monitoring system and method are constructed to promote the transformation from the traditional regulation of pollutant concentration migration at the regional level to the causal regulation of pollution formation. This is a qualitative leap in the regulatory concept of watershed water environment.

[0112] (2) Technological innovation: This invention is the first to couple water quality fluorescent fingerprint pollution early warning and source tracing technology with existing air-ground three-dimensional monitoring technology, and adopts a multi-dimensional fusion method of various online data to construct an intelligent source-sink monitoring technology system and method, which not only improves the shortcomings of the existing watershed water environment supervision system, but also significantly enhances the accuracy of watershed supervision.

[0113] (3) Management mechanism innovation: By establishing a water quality fluorescence fingerprint database for pollution sources and industry pollution sources, a "pollution source ID card" can be effectively established for pollution source emissions. This can not only accurately identify illegal emissions from pollution sources, but also effectively provide early warning and deterrence for early pollution source emissions, which can help improve the efficiency of watershed supervision.

[0114] In summary, this invention discloses a watershed source-sink monitoring system based on a three-dimensional air-space-ground sensing system. Compared to traditional watershed monitoring systems and methods, the innovation of this invention lies in its full integration of water quality fluorescent fingerprint pollution early warning and source tracing technology with the current monitoring system, establishing a three-dimensional air-space-ground source-sink monitoring system. This achieves the fusion and linkage of multi-data from pollution source identification and online monitoring systems. Its technological increment lies in the full automation of pollution path verification. It can be built upon existing monitoring systems, possessing characteristics such as replicability, scalability, and wide applicability, while also offering advantages such as accuracy, intelligence, and strong operability. This has significant practical implications for precise monitoring and source tracing of watershed pollution sources. The source tracing results obtained by this invention can be used to support watershed cross-section assessment, water ecological compensation, and water security assurance, and play an important role in areas such as pollution source monitoring, targeted pollution source treatment, and environmental emergency law enforcement.

[0115] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A watershed source-sink monitoring system based on three-dimensional air-space-ground sensing, characterized in that, include: The system includes a three-dimensional sensing module, a water quality fluorescence fingerprint database module, and a qualitative source tracing analysis module. The three-dimensional sensing module is used to collect multi-source sensing data from the air, sky, and ground three-dimensional monitoring system within the basin, and to monitor the water quality indicators of the monitoring sections in the basin. When abnormal water quality indicators are detected at the monitoring sections in the basin, pollution source tracing is triggered. The water quality fluorescence fingerprint database module is used to store the water quality fluorescence fingerprints of pollution sources within the watershed. The water quality fluorescence fingerprint is a specific three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum used to characterize the composition of pollutants in water samples. The water quality fluorescence fingerprint includes: fluorescence peaks generated by fluorescent organic matter, Rayleigh scattering lines, and Raman scattering lines. The qualitative source tracing analysis module is used to conduct water quality fluorescence fingerprint tests on water samples from watershed monitoring sections where water quality indicators are abnormal after pollution source tracing is triggered. The obtained water quality fluorescence fingerprints are then compared with the water quality fluorescence fingerprints stored in the water quality fluorescence fingerprint database module. Based on the similarity comparison results between the water samples from each watershed monitoring section and the water quality fluorescence fingerprints of each pollution source, and combined with the upstream and downstream location relationships of each watershed monitoring section, the pollution path and suspected pollution sources are determined.

2. The watershed source-sink monitoring system based on three-dimensional air-space-ground sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The qualitative source tracing analysis module is specifically used to determine the correlation between water samples from each watershed monitoring section and pollution sources based on similarity and a preset similarity threshold when comparing the similarity between the water quality fluorescence fingerprints of water samples from each watershed monitoring section and the pollution source water quality fluorescence fingerprints stored in the water quality fluorescence fingerprint database module. Based on the aforementioned correlation, and according to the similarity of each monitoring section and its upstream and downstream location along the watershed, the pollution path is delineated in order of increasing similarity and from downstream to upstream.

3. The watershed source-sink monitoring system based on air-space-ground three-dimensional sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The qualitative source tracing analysis module is also used to review the pollution path based on the changes in conventional water quality indicators, changes in characteristic pollutant concentrations, online monitoring data of electricity consumption, water consumption, and drainage volume of suspected pollution sources at upstream and downstream monitoring sections of the watershed, as well as abnormal discharge information in remote sensing images, video monitoring of discharge outlets, or drone images. This is to confirm whether the pollution path is consistent with the changes in conventional water quality indicators, changes in characteristic pollutant concentrations, and changes in the similarity of water quality fluorescent fingerprints, thereby verifying the accuracy of the pollution path.

4. The watershed source-sink monitoring system based on air-space-ground three-dimensional sensing according to claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: The source-sink quantitative calculation and prediction analysis module is used to classify pollution sources in the watershed into point sources and non-point sources. It determines the contribution of point source pollution by combining water consumption, electricity consumption, drainage volume and online water quality monitoring data of point sources, and determines the contribution of non-point source pollution by combining watershed water volume and rainfall data. In this way, the pollution contribution of various pollution sources in the watershed is determined.

5. The watershed source-sink monitoring system based on air-space-ground three-dimensional sensing according to claim 4, characterized in that, The source-sink quantitative calculation and prediction analysis module is also used to determine the main pollution sources among the various pollution sources based on the pollution contribution of each pollution source.

6. The watershed source-sink monitoring system based on air-space-ground three-dimensional sensing according to claim 4, characterized in that, The source-sink quantitative calculation and prediction analysis module is also used to clean, calibrate and fuse the multi-source sensing data collected by the three-dimensional sensing module and the water quality fluorescence fingerprint data stored in the water quality fluorescence fingerprint database module, and combine the pollution diffusion model and the quantitative source tracing model to correct the relevant model parameters, so as to establish a source-sink composite prediction model suitable for this watershed, so as to predict and simulate the diffusion or reduction trend of pollutants in this watershed, and predict the impact of changes in pollution source emissions on future water quality.

7. The watershed source-sink monitoring system based on air-space-ground three-dimensional sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The early warning and decision support module is used to determine the degree of water pollution in the basin based on the similarity of water quality fluorescent fingerprints and conventional water quality indicators, output the corresponding early warning level results, and execute early warning responses based on the early warning level results.

8. The watershed source-sink monitoring system based on three-dimensional air-space-ground perception as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The pollution path and visualization map module is used to display the spatial distribution of major pollution sources, pollution source list and discharge characteristics in the watershed on a visualization map, and to present the pollution migration path and pollution diffusion trend in the watershed in a visualization manner based on the pollution contribution ratio and pollution path.

9. The watershed source-sink monitoring system based on three-dimensional air-space-ground perception as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The pollution source database module is used to collect and manage the source list information of key monitored pollution sources or suspected pollution sources. The source list information includes the main product processing raw materials, production process flow, water-related links, sewage discharge and pipeline laying information, discharge path, historical violation records, information on auxiliary discharge outlets, and online monitoring data on water consumption, drainage volume and electricity consumption of environmental protection facilities. The module is also used to form a pollution source list of the production end of the pollution source and its auxiliary discharge outlets based on the source list information, and to provide basic data support for pollution source tracing analysis.

10. The watershed source-sink monitoring system based on three-dimensional air-space-ground sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stereoscopic perception module includes: a sky-eye perception module, a space perception module, and a land-based perception module; The Sky Eye perception module is connected to the remote sensing satellite monitoring system and is used to obtain the water area, water quantity changes, water quality status, water ecological information and land use type of the basin by using remote sensing monitoring and geographic information system, so as to realize large-scale and all-weather monitoring of the basin. The spatial perception module is connected to the aircraft and tower base monitoring system to obtain water environment information, surrounding pollution source information, land use type and its ecological damage in the basin using the aircraft, and is connected to monitoring equipment deployed along the basin to collect water level, flow rate and flow velocity data. The land-based sensing module is connected to the online surface water and groundwater monitoring equipment system deployed within the watershed. It is used to collect hydrological parameters, water quality indicators, meteorological data, and water quality fluorescence fingerprint data of the watershed, so as to realize real-time monitoring of the watershed or pollution source concentration area through the land-based monitoring network.

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